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["通し番号","都道府県","地域協議会名","カテゴリ","用語・単語","読み方","用語・単語","用例","用例","備考／ヒント"]
[null,null,null,null,"（日本語）","（よみがな）","（英語）","（日本語訳）","（英語）","（tips）"]
[1,"北海道","函館市","建造物等","公会堂","こうかいどう","kokaido","公会堂は、明治期に全国各地につくられた市庁舎としての役割を持つ文化施設です。","In Japan, public halls (kokaido) play a role similar to that of town halls in some Western countries."]
[2,"北海道","函館市","史跡","旧函館区公会堂","きゅうはこだてくこうかいどう","Old Public Hall of Hakodate Ward","旧函館区公会堂は1910年に完成しました。","The two-story Old Public Hall of Hakodate Ward was completed in 1910."]
[3,"北海道","函館市","建造物等","和洋折衷建築","わようせっちゅうけんちく","mix Western and Japanese architectural styles","和洋折衷建築で、農業の指導者であり思想家でもある二宮尊徳の報徳思想を広める「大日本報徳社」活動の拠点地でした。","It is located in Kakegawa, Shizuoka Prefecture, and mixes Western and Japanese architectural styles. "]
[4,"北海道","函館市","史跡","物産陳列所","ぶっさんちんれつじょ","exhibition space for products","木造のこの建物は、愛知県岡崎市に公会堂および額田地区の物産陳列所として、1913年に建てられました。","This one-story building in Okazaki, Aichi Prefecture, was built in 1913 as a public hall and exhibition space for products of the Nukata district."]
[5,"北海道","函館市","人物・人名・役職名","岩本栄之介","いわもとえいのすけ","Iwamoto Einosuke","株式仲買業を営んでいた岩本栄之助の寄付をもとに1918年に建てられました。","Stockbroker Iwamoto Einosuke (1877–1916) funded the construction of this elegant building, which is located in Osaka’s Kita Ward and dates back to 1918."]
[6,"北海道","函館市","人物・人名・役職名","三條栄三郎","さんじょうえいさぶろう","Sanjo Eisaburo\n","フレンチ・ルネサンスを基調に、福岡県土木技師の三條栄三郎が設計しました。","The building was designed by Sanjo Eisaburo (1872–1935), an engineer in the Public Works Section of the prefectural government."]
[7,"北海道","函館市","その他","神奈川条約","かながわじょうやく","the Treaty of Kanagawa","安政元年(1855)、箱館（現在の函館）は日米初の通商条約である神奈川条約により開港され、安政6年(1859)には長崎や横浜と共に国際貿易港となりました。","The port of Hakodate partly opened to foreign ships in 1855 following the Treaty of Kanagawa, the first trade agreement between Japan and the United States. "]
[8,"北海道","函館市","史跡","金森赤レンガ倉庫","かねもりあかれんがそうこ","The Kanemori Red Brick Warehouse","金森赤レンガ倉庫は、函館で最初の商業倉庫でした。","The Kanemori Red Brick Warehouse was the first commercial warehouse in Hakodate. "]
[9,"北海道","函館市","建造物等","耐火建築物","たいかけんちくぶつ","fire-resistant construction materials","何度も大火に見舞われた函館では、一般的な木造建築のほか、石造、レンガ造、鉄筋コンクリート造の耐火建築物が発達しました。","To prevent further destruction of property, building with fire-resistant construction materials, such as stone, brick, and reinforced concrete, were put into use."]
[10,"北海道","函館市","建造物等","土蔵","つちくら","kura","あわせて、昔ながらの土蔵造も火事に強い建物として建てられています。","These materials and the buildings made with them have supplemented traditional Japanese fire-resistant storerooms (kura)."]
[11,"北海道","函館市","建造物等","商業会議所","しょうぎょうかいぎしょ","the Chamber of Commerce","商業会議所が移転した後は、次第に音楽演奏会など娯楽的な催しも開催されるようになりました。","When the Chamber of Commerce moved, the Old Public Hall became a venue for concerts and other events. "]
[12,"北海道","函館市","その他","洞爺丸事件","とうやまるじけん","the Toya Maru ship incident","函館市地方海難審判所の事務所であった昭和30年(1955)には、「洞爺丸事件」の海難審判が開かれました。","In 1955, it was the headquarters of an official inquiry into the Toya Maru ship incident, when the nearby sinking of a train ferry the previous year resulted in the loss of 1,155 passengers and crew.  "]
[13,"北海道","函館市","その他","耐震補強","たいしんほきょう","seismic reinforcement project","公会堂も建物の強度が不足していることがわかったため、平成30年(2018)から約2年半の保存修理にあわせて耐震補強を行いました。","The structural integrity of the Old Public Hall was found to be inadequate, and a seismic reinforcement project was implemented over a period of two and a half years beginning in 2018."]
[14,"北海道","函館市","建造物等","瓦葺","かわらぶき","tiled roof","洋風建築の様式でつくられていますが、屋根は瓦葺であるなど和風の要素もあわせ持っています。","The Old Public Hall is an example of Western style architecture, but it also has Japanese elements, such as a tiled roof."]
[15,"北海道","函館市","史跡","撞棒立て","きゅーたて","Cue-stick stand","撞棒立てはビリヤードのキューのために使われていました。","Cue-stick stand was used for billiard cue sticks. "]
[16,"北海道","函館市","史跡","球戯室","きゅうぎしつ","The Game Room","球戯室には、木製の格縁と洗練された中心飾が施された漆喰天井があり、洗練された雰囲気を醸し出しています。","The Game Room has a plaster coffered ceiling with wooden ribs and a finely wrought center ornament, which give it a refined atmosphere. "]
[17,"北海道","函館市","史跡","帽子掛付傘立","ぼうしかけつきかさたて","Umbrella stand and Hat rack","帽子掛付傘立は、1階の各部屋に設置されたものと思われます。","Umbrella stand and Hat rack were probably placed in every room on the first floor."]
[18,"北海道","函館市","建造物等","大食堂","だいしょくどう","Large Dining Room","大食堂は、当初は会食などに使用されましたが、後に展示会や講演会などに使用されました。","Large Dining Room was first used for banquets, then for painting exhibitions and lectures. "]
[19,"北海道","函館市","建造物等","飾棚","かざりだな","Display Cabinet","公会堂の残る2台の飾棚は非常に大型で、鏡がついて彫刻で飾られています。","The remaining two display cabinets in the Old Public Hall are very large, and sculpted with mirrors. "]
[20,"北海道","函館市","建造物等","漆喰天井","しっくいてんじょう","plaster ceiling","他のほとんどの部屋には漆喰天井があります。","Most of the other rooms have plaster ceilings."]
[21,"北海道","函館市","建造物等","会議所","かいぎしょ","Chamber of Commerce","函館商業会議所は1895年に設立された北海道で初めての商業会議所です。","The Hakodate Chamber of Commerce was founded in 1895 and was the first of its kind in Hokkaido."]
[22,"北海道","函館市","建造物等","隅棚","すみだな","Corner cabinets","隅棚は、明治時代（1868〜1912年）の洋館の貴賓室など重要な部屋に置かれることが多かった。","Corner cabinets were often placed in important rooms, such as guest rooms, of Western-style buildings in the Meiji era (1868–1912). "]
[23,"北海道","函館市","工芸・美術品","花台","かだい","flower stands","花台は5種類あり、それらの彫刻や装飾方法は異なります。","Five types of flower stands, and they are all carved and decorated differently."]
[24,"北海道","函館市","工芸・美術品","枕頭台","ちんとうだい","bedside table","枕頭台はベッドの脇に置く調度品です。","This bedside table was used for storing a nighttime chamber pots"]
[25,"北海道","函館市","工芸・美術品","スノコ","すのこ","Duckboards","スノコは、腰壁と同じ人造石の土間の上に置かれます。","Duckboards are laid on the artificial-stone floor, which matches the walls."]
[26,"北海道","函館市","建造物等","土間","どま","floor","壁は土間と同じ人造石で覆われています。","The walls are covered with the same artificial stone as the floor."]
[27,"北海道","函館市","建造物等","寄木張り","よせぎばり","rectangular parquetry","床は絨毯敷きで、壁際は長方形の寄木張りになっています。","The floor is carpeted, and there is rectangular parquetry beside the walls."]
[28,"北海道","函館市","人物・人名・役職名","芥川龍之介","あくたがわりゅのすけ","Akutagawa Ryunosuke","1927年、芥川龍之介（1892〜1927年）と里見弴（1888〜1983年）による講演会には、1,000人が参加しました。","In 1927, an event here featuring lectures by authors Akutagawa Ryunosuke (1892–1927) and Satomi Ton (1888–1983) drew 1,000 people."]
[29,"北海道","函館市","工芸・美術品","唐草模様","からくさもよう","arabesque","中央の花瓶から左右に伸びる唐草模様が描かれています。","It depicts an arabesque extending from the central vase to the left and right."]
[30,"北海道","函館市","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","函館ハリストス正教会","はこだてはりすとすせいきょうかい","The Hakodate Orthodox Church","函館ハリストス正教会は1860年、ロシア領事館の付属聖堂として建立されたのが始まりです。","The Hakodate Orthodox Church first appeared in 1860 as a chapel in the city’s Russian consulate."]
[31,"北海道","函館市","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","本願寺函館別院","ほんがんじはこだてべついん","Higashi Honganji Betsuin","本願寺函館別院は、京都の東本願寺が率いる日本仏教の信州大谷支部にある寺院です。","Higashi Honganji Betsuin is a temple belonging to the Shinshu Otani branch of Japanese Buddhism, which is headed by Higashi Honganji Temple in Kyoto."]
[32,"北海道","函館市","動物","ヒメマス","ひめます","Himemasu salmon","私たちヒメマスは、世界のさまざまな地域で「コカニーサーモン」と呼ばれる陸封型のサケの一種です。","We himemasu salmon are a species of landlocked salmon called kokanee salmon in some parts of the world.\n","「Kokanee salmon」はカナダ呼称である可能性があり（環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所より）アメリカ英語のスタンダードな表現を調査し「Himemasu salmon」としましたが、地域によっては「Kokanee salmon」と表現している場合もあります。"]
[33,"北海道","函館市","工芸・美術品","阿弥陀如来像","あみだにょらいぞう","Amida","寺院の本尊は、左側に浄土真宗として知られている仏教の僧・親鸞（1173〜1263）の像と、右側に無限の仏の阿弥陀如来像が安置されています。","The principal images of the temple are, on the left, a statue of the Buddhist monk Shinran (1173–1263), the founder of the Jodo Shinshu sect, and, on the right, a statue of Amida, the Buddha of Infinite Light. "]
[34,"北海道","函館市","人物・人名・役職名","相馬哲平","そうまてっぺい","Soma Teppei","これは、函館で最も有名な商人の1人である相馬哲平（1833〜1921）の家でした。","This was the home of Soma Teppei (1833–1921), one of Hakodate’s most prominent merchants."]
[35,"北海道","（利尻礼文サロベツ国立公園）北海道","動物","丹頂鶴","たんちょうずる","red-crowned cranes","この地は、野生の花々や、丹頂鶴やオジロワシといった、様々な鳥類の住処になっています。","They are a habitat of wildflowers and bird species such as red-crowned cranes (tanchozuru; Grus japonensis) and white-tailed eagles (ojirowashi; Haliaeetus albicilla)."]
[36,"北海道","（利尻礼文サロベツ国立公園）北海道","動物","オジロワシ","おじろわし","white-tailed eagle","この地は、野生の花々や、丹頂鶴やオジロワシといった、様々な鳥類の住処になっています。","They are a habitat of wildflowers and bird species such as red-crowned cranes (tanchozuru; Grus japonensis) and white-tailed eagles (ojirowashi; Haliaeetus albicilla)."]
[37,"北海道","（利尻礼文サロベツ国立公園）北海道","植物","エゾカンゾウ","えぞかんぞう","yellow-flowering daylily","黄色い花を咲かせるエゾカンゾウ（Hemerocallis esculenta）と、オレンジ色のエゾスカシユリ（Lilium pensylvanicum）です。","These are the yellow-flowering daylily Ezo kanzo (Hemerocallis esculenta) and the orange Siberian lily (Ezo sukashiyuri; Lilium pensylvanicum). "]
[38,"北海道","（利尻礼文サロベツ国立公園）北海道","植物","エゾスカシユリ","えぞすかしゆり","Siberian lily","黄色い花を咲かせるエゾカンゾウ（Hemerocallis esculenta）と、オレンジ色のエゾスカシユリ（Lilium pensylvanicum）です。","These are the yellow-flowering daylily Ezo kanzo (Hemerocallis esculenta) and the orange Siberian lily (Ezo sukashiyuri; Lilium pensylvanicum). "]
[39,"北海道","（利尻礼文サロベツ国立公園）北海道","山岳","成層火山","せいそうかざん","composite volcano","利尻山（1,721メートル）は、尖った峰とドラマチックな稜線を有する成層火山です。","Mt. Rishiri (1,721 m) is a composite volcano with jagged peaks and dramatic ridgelines. "]
[40,"北海道","（利尻礼文サロベツ国立公園）北海道","植物","ハイマツ","はいまつ","Japanese stone pine","この展望台を囲うように茂っているのは、ハイマツ（haimatsu; Pinus pumila）や、耐性が高く丈夫なその他の高山植物です。ここで見られるこれらの植物は、日本で最も大きな島である本州で見られる場所と比べ、低い標高に育っています。","The lookout is surrounded by swathes of Japanese stone pines (haimatsu; Pinus pumila) and other hardy alpine vegetation, which grows here at much lower altitudes than on Honshu, Japan's largest island, because of the harsher Hokkaido climate."]
[41,"北海道","（知床国立公園）北海道","庭園・公園","知床国立公園","しれとここくりつこうえん","Shiretoko National Park","知床国立公園 (609.89平方キロメートル) は知床半島に位置する広大な自然で、中央には知床連山があります。","Shiretoko National Park (609.89 sq km) is a vast wilderness on the Shiretoko Peninsula, along the Shiretoko mountain range. "]
[42,"北海道","（知床国立公園）北海道","自然現象","流氷","りゅうひょう","drift ice","冬には大量の流氷が知床沖に到着します。","In winter, large amounts of drift ice arrive at the Shiretoko coast. "]
[43,"北海道","（知床国立公園）北海道","動物","ヒグマ","ひぐま","brown bear","ヒグマは知床国立公園のシンボルで、日本で最大の陸生哺乳類です。","The brown bear (higuma; Ursus arctos) is a symbol of Shiretoko National Park and the largest land mammal in Japan. "]
[44,"北海道","（知床国立公園）北海道","動物","エゾシカ","えぞしか","sika deer","エゾシカは 1900 年初期に北海道のいくつかの地域で絶滅寸前のところでした。","Sika deer were almost wiped out from some regions of Hokkaido in the early 1900s. "]
[45,"北海道","（知床国立公園）北海道","動物","シマフクロウ","しまふくろう","Blakiston’s fish owl","シマフクロウは世界最大のフクロウの一種で、翼開長は1.8メートルに達することもあります。","Blakiston’s fish owl (shimafukuro; Bubo blakistoni) is one of the world’s largest owls, with a wingspan that can reach over 1.8 meters. "]
[46,"北海道","（知床国立公園）北海道","動物","オジロワシ","おじろわし","white-tailed eagle","オジロワシは世界最大級のワシの一種です。","The white-tailed eagle (ojirowashi; Haliaeetus albicilla) is one of the largest eagles in the world. "]
[47,"北海道","（知床国立公園）北海道","動物","ギンザンマシコ","げんざんましこ","pine grosbeak","ギンザンマシコは知床国立公園に生息する珍しい小鳥でこの峠から見ることができます。 ","The pine grosbeak (ginzan mashiko; Pinicola enucleator) is a rare finch that lives in this area and can be seen from this pass. "]
[48,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","植物","マリモ","まりも","marimo","マリモとはアエガグロピラリンナエイという緑藻の珍しい形状で、多数の繊維が球体状に集まった種類のことを指します。","Marimo are a rare form of Aegagropila linnaei, green algae comprising numerous filaments that clump together to form a spherical shape."]
[49,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","高原・湿原・原野","原生林","げんせいりん","primary-growth forest","阿寒湖畔エコミュージアムセンターは阿寒湖の南部に位置しており、巨大な原生林や壮観なカルデラ湖、湿地帯、独自の動植物など、公園内に広がる豊かな生態系を観光客に案内するために設立されました。","The Akankohan Eco-museum Center, located south of Lake Akan, introduces visitors to the rich ecosystems of this part of the park—deep primary-growth forests, spectacular calderas and caldera lakes, marshes, as well as unusual flora and fauna."]
[50,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","自然現象","ボッケ","ぼっけ","bokke","遊歩道では泥火山を見ることができます。「ボッケ」という名前はこの泥火山を指すアイヌの人々の言葉であり、「煮え立つ」という意味があります。","Several bubbling mud volcanoes can be seen from sections of the trail. These mud pools are called bokke, which means “to boil over” in the Ainu language."]
[51,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","動物","キクイタダキ","きくいただき","goldcrest","キクイタダキは、頭頂部に色鮮やかな冠羽が細い縞模様になっていることからこの名が付けられました。","The goldcrest is named for the narrow stripe of colorful feathers on its crown."]
[52,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","動物","ヤマセミ","やませみ","crested kingfisher","ヤマセミは素晴らしいハンターです。","The crested kingfisher is an excellent hunter. "]
[53,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","動物","ホシガラス","ほしがらす","spotted nutcracker","ホシガラスはカラス科の仲間で、まだら模様の茶色い羽があります。","The spotted nutcracker is a member of the crow family (Corvidae) and has dappled, chocolate-brown plumage. "]
[54,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","植物","テンツキ","てそつき","Forked fimbry","テンツキ（Fimbristylis dichotoma）は、広く分布しているカヤツリグサ科の植物です。","Forked fimbry (Fimbristylis dichotoma) is a widely distributed sedge grass. "]
[55,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","植物","ヒメハギ","ひめばき","Japanese milkwort","ヒメハギ（Polygala japonica）はヒメハギ属の多年生植物です。","Japanese milkwort (Polygala japonica) is a perennial plant of the genus Polygala. "]
[56,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","動物","アイヌキンオサムシ","あいぬきんおさむし","ground beetle","アイヌキンオサムシ（Carabus kolbei）は、北海道の固有種です。","The ground beetle (Carabus kolbei) is a species native to Hokkaido. "]
[57,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","動物","シロマダラヒメハマキ","しろまだらひめはまき","tortrix moth","シロマダラヒメハマキ（Olethreutes bipunctanus yama）がいるのは山間部だけです。","The tortrix moth (Olethreutes bipunctanus yama) is confined to mountainous areas. "]
[58,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","動物","マダラスズ","まだらすず","band-legged ground cricket","マダラスズ（Dianemobius nigrofasciatus）は北海道のいたるところで発生します。","The band-legged ground cricket (Dianemobius nigrofasciatus) occurs throughout Hokkaido. "]
[59,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","動物","大助","だいすけ","Daisuke","大助（ダイスケ）はここで見られるヒグマで、1960年の春に北見相生の森で発見されました。","Daisuke, the brown bear seen here, was found as a young cub in the forests of Kitami Aioi in the spring of 1960. "]
[60,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","動物","ヒガシカワトンボ","ひがしかわとんぼ","broad-winged damselfly","ヒガシカワトンボ（ニホンカワトンボ、学名Mnais costalis）は日本の固有種です。","The broad-winged damselfly (Mnais costalis) is endemic to Japan. "]
[61,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","動物","ジョウザンエグリトビケラ","じょうざんえぐりとびけら","October caddisfly","ジョウザンエグリトビケラ（Dicosmoecus jozankeanus）は、北海道の川に生息しています。","The October caddisfly (Dicosmoecus jozankeanus) is native to the rivers of Hokkaido. "]
[62,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","動物","クワヤマカクスイトビケラ","くわやまかくすいとびけら","humpless casemaker caddisfly","クワヤマカクスイトビケラ（Brachycentrus kuwayamai）は北海道で見られるトビケラの一種です。","The humpless casemaker caddisfly (Brachycentrus kuwayamai) is a species of caddisfly found in Hokkaido. "]
[63,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","動物","フタスジモンカゲロウ","ふたすじもんかげろう","Japanese mayfly","フタスジモンカゲロウ（Ephemera japonica）は、日本全国で広く見られます。","The Japanese mayfly (Ephemera japonica) is seen widely throughout Japan. "]
[64,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","山岳","硫黄山","いおうさん","Mt. Io","つつじヶ原自然探勝路は、非常に活発な活火山である硫黄山（アトサヌプリ）の麓まで2.3kmに渡って続いています。","The Tsutsujigahara Nature Trail stretches 2.3 kilometers to the base of Mt. Io (Atosa-nupuri), a highly active volcano. "]
[65,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","植物","アカエゾマツ","あかえぞまつ","Sakhalin spruce","エコミュージアムの裏手に広がる鬱蒼としたアカエゾマツの森に面した2階のカフェスペースには、座り心地の良い椅子とソファが備えられています。","The café space on the second floor is equipped with comfortable chairs and sofas that look out onto the thick Sakhalin spruce forest behind the ecomuseum. "]
[66,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","湖沼","カルデラ湖","かるでらこ","caldera lake","標高857メートルの頂上からは、壮観なカルデラ湖や、摩周湖と知床国立公園の間に位置する標高1,547メートルの斜里岳を含めた、周辺の火山地帯を眺めることができます。","From the mountain’s 857-meter summit, you can view this spectacular caldera lake and the surrounding volcanic terrain, including Mt. Shari, a 1,547-meter peak located halfway between Lake Mashu and Shiretoko National Park. "]
[67,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","植物","カラマツ","からまつ","Japanese larch","西別小屋からのルートは、カラマツと広葉樹の森を抜けて登っていきます。","The path from the Nishibetsu-goya (mountain hut) runs uphill through a forest of Japanese larch and broad-leaved trees. "]
[68,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","岩石・洞窟","屏風岩","びょうぶいわ","Byobuiwa","これらの木々の茂みを抜けると、屏風岩が現れます。","Past a thicket of these trees is Byobuiwa (“Folding Screen Rock”), a sheer wall of stone that somewhat resembles a folding screen. "]
[69,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","植物","メアカンキンバイ","めあかんきんばい","Meakan-kinbai (Potentilla miyabei Makino)","その中でも、黄い色をした小さなメアカンキンバイや白い花弁が特徴的なメアカンフスマは雌阿寒岳で発見された花であり、それに因んで名前が付けられています。","These include the small, yellow Meakan-kinbai (Potentilla miyabei Makino) and the white-petaled Meakan-fusuma (Arenaria merckioides Maxim.). Both of these flowers were discovered on Mt. Meakan and thus bear its name in Japanese."]
[70,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","山岳","雄阿寒岳","おあかんだけ","Mt. Oakan","昔、カルデラには大きな湖が１つありました。しかし、約1万年前に幾度にもわたる噴火と溶岩が雄阿寒岳を形成し、湖も小さく分離していきました。その湖の中でも最も大きいのがパンケトーとペンケトーです。","Originally the caldera contained a single, very large lake, but this was divided into several smaller lakes when multiple eruptions and lava flows created Mt. Oakan around 10,000 years ago. "]
[71,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","山岳","活火山","かっかざん","active volcano","その風景は何十万年も前の大型噴火の結果できたもので、活火山や多様な動植物、世界最大級のカルデラ湖を擁しています。","The landscape is the result of major eruptions some hundreds of thousands of years ago, and features active volcanoes, diverse fauna and flora, and Japan’s largest caldera lake. "]
[72,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","レジャー・アクティビティ","国設阿寒湖畔スキー場","こくせつあかんこはんすきーじょう","Akankohan National Ski Area","国設阿寒湖畔スキー場から始まるこのコースは比較的なだらかで、スキー場の下から白湯山展望台（800m）までの所要時間も1.5時間程度です。","From Akankohan National Ski Area, it is a relatively easy 1.5-hour trek from the bottom of the ski field to the Mt. Hakuto Observatory (800 m)."]
[73,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","建造物等","まりもの里桟橋","まりものさとさんばし","Marimo-no-Sato Pier","ボッケ遊歩道は、阿寒湖の湖畔にあるまりもの里桟橋から阿寒湖畔エコミュージアムセンターまで続いています。","The Bokke Walking Trail stretches from Marimo-no-Sato Pier on the shore of Lake Akan to the Akankohan Eco-museum Center. "]
[74,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","動物","クマゲラ","けまげら","black woodpecker","森を歩いている際には、様々な野鳥のさえずりや、クマゲラが木の幹にあけた楕円形の穴に注意してみてください。","While walking through the forest, listen to the variety of birdsong and look for the oblong holes that black woodpeckers bore into the trunks of the trees. "]
[75,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","植物","ハイマツ","はいまつ","Japanese stone pine","アカエゾマツの高木やミズナラ が繁茂する森の真ん中からスタートし、ハイマツの低木やイソツツジなど、珍しい高山植物の草地に入っていきます。","It starts in the middle of a verdant forest of towering Sakhalin spruce and Mongolian oak before entering a meadow of rare alpine plants, including stubby Japanese stone pines and Labrador tea. "]
[76,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","乗物","丸木舟","まるきぶね","marukibune","言い伝えによると、アイヌの人々は、クマゲラによって木の幹に作られた穴に着想を得て丸木舟（伝統的なアイヌのカヌー）を作ったとされています。","Legend suggests the Ainu were inspired to make their marukibune (traditional Ainu canoes) after seeing the holes the woodpeckers make in the trunks of trees. "]
[77,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","レジャー・アクティビティ","和琴半島自然探勝路","わことはんとうしぜんたんしょうろ","Wakoto Nature Trail","和琴半島自然探勝路からは、木屈斜路湖の周りに育つ々や、その他の面白い植物を見ることができます。","The trees, along with other interesting flora that grows along the shore of Lake Kussharo, can be seen on the Wakoto Nature Trail. "]
[78,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","テーマ施設等","和琴フィールドハウス","わことふぃーるどはうす","Wakoto Field House","川湯エコミュージアム、阿寒湖畔エコミュージアム、和琴フィールドハウスの3つの主要なセンターでは、現地の野生生物や地形の情報を提供し、ヒグマの目撃情報を発信しています。","The three main centers—the Kawayu Eco-museum Center, the Akankohan Eco-museum Center, and the Wakoto Field House—offer information on the local wildlife and terrain and provide updates on any bear sightings. "]
[79,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","庭園・公園","阿寒摩周国立公園","あかんましゅうこくりつこうえん","Akan-Mashu National Park","阿寒摩周国立公園は、園内の至る所に多くの源泉が湧き出す温泉天国です。","The Akan-Mashu National Park is a hot-spring haven, with multiple sources found throughout the park. "]
[80,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","湖沼","摩周湖","あかんこ","Lake Mashu","このカルデラいっぱいに形作られた摩周湖（19平方キロメートル）の水は、世界でも有数の透明度を誇ります。","Lake Mashu (19 sq km) fills the caldera to its brim and is one of the world’s most transparent lakes. "]
[81,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","山岳","カルデラ","かるでら","caldera","また、カルデラ周辺には大きさの異なる約10つの湖が点在しており、それらの多くはこれらの火山が噴火した際にできたと言われています。","There are approximately 10 lakes of varying sizes within Akan Caldera, many of which were formed when these volcanoes erupted. Lake Akan, the largest crater lake in the caldera, covers 13 square kilometers. "]
[82,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","山岳","雌阿寒岳","めあかん","Mt. Meakan","日本の民話によると、雌阿寒岳と雄阿寒岳は夫婦だと考えられています。","According to Japanese folklore, Mt. Meakan and Mt. Oakan are considered to be a married couple. "]
[83,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","山岳","摩周岳","ましゅうだけ","Mt. Mashu","摩周岳登山道は、深い青色のカルデラ湖である美しい摩周湖の端を囲むように続き、その後、急勾配で標高857メートルの頂上へと続きます。","The Mt. Mashu Trekking Trail follows the caldera rim and overlooks Lake Mashu, a striking, deep-blue caldera lake, before rising steeply to the 857-meter summit. "]
[84,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","山岳","西別岳","にしべつだけ","Mt. Nishibetsu","西別岳登山道のメインの見所は西別岳の山頂799.5メートルからのパノラマの眺めと、６月から７月にかけて山の斜面を鮮やかに彩るたくさんの高山植物の花です。","The Mt. Nishibetsu Trekking Trail’s main draws are panoramic views from the summit of Mt. Nishibetsu (799.5 m) and vast fields of colorful alpine flowers that brighten the mountain’s slopes in June and July. "]
[85,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","テーマ施設等","ハイランド小清水 725","はいらんどこしみず 725","Highland Koshimizu 725","頂上までは、海抜725メートルのところにある、展望台と小さなカフェがあるハイランド小清水725から始まる２キロのスカイライン遊歩道を通るのが一番容易なルートです。","The easiest route to the summit is via the approximately 2-kilometer Skyline Trail that begins at Highland Koshimizu 725, an observatory and small café 725 meters above sea level. "]
[86,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","山岳","阿寒富士","あかんふじ","Mt. Akanfuji","またそこからは、隣山である阿寒富士へ伸びるコースが続いており、約2.5時間で往復することが可能です。","From the summit, there is a trail to neighboring Mt. Akanfuji that takes 2.5 hours round-trip."]
[87,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","湖沼","パンケトー湖","ぱんけとーこ","Lake Panketo","雄阿寒岳（1371m）は、阿寒摩周国立公園内にある活火山で、阿寒カルデラやパンケトー湖、ペンケトー湖、阿寒湖を含めた阿寒エリアを幅広く見渡せる素晴らしい景色が登山客に人気です。","Mt. Oakan (1,371 m), an active volcano in Akan-Mashu National Park, is popular with hikers for its sweeping views of the Akan Caldera, Lake Akan, Lakes Panketo and Penketo, and the wider Akan area."]
[88,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","動物","オオアカゲラ","おおあかげら","white-backed woodpecker","オオアカゲラは、日本で2番目に大きなキツツキの仲間です。","The white-backed woodpecker is Japan’s second-largest woodpecker. "]
[89,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","海岸・岬","チュウルイ湾","ちゅうるいわん","Churui Bay","現在、マリモが直径最大30cmの球体まで成長できる環境が整っているのはチュウルイ湾だけです。","This species of algae can be found in other parts of the world in different forms, but Churui Bay is now the only place where marimo grow and develop into large spherical balls of up to 30 centimeters in diameter. "]
[90,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","湖沼","阿寒湖","あかんこ","Lake Akan","阿寒湖に輸送された木材により湖の堆積物が異常に増えたことに加えて、水力発電機の影響で水位が著しく低下したといいます。","Lumber that had been transported on Lake Akan caused a harmful increase of sediment in the lake, and hydroelectric power generation caused water levels to drop significantly. "]
[91,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","植物","アエガグロピラリンナエイ","あえがぐろぴらりんなえい","Aegagropila linnaei","マリモとはアエガグロピラリンナエイという緑藻の珍しい形状で、多数の繊維が球体状に集まった種類のことを指します。","Marimo are a rare form of Aegagropila linnaei, green algae comprising numerous filaments that clump together to form a spherical shape. "]
[92,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","まりも祭り","まりもまつり","Marimo Festival","これに続き、政府高官たちもこれまで受け取ったマリモを阿寒湖に返し始め、この行動が毎年10月に3日間開催さるまりも祭りへと繋がります。","This prompted other government officials who had been given marimo as gifts to return them to Lake Akan, leading to the creation of the Marimo Festival. "]
[93,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","乗物","チプ","ちぷ","cip","チプ（発音はChip）は丸木をくり抜いたカヌー（日本語では「丸木舟」）です。","The cip (pronounced chip) is a dugout canoe (marukibune in Japanese). "]
[94,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","ヌサアン","ぬさあん","nusasan","ヌサアンにはイナウ（柳やみずきの樹皮を削って作る祭具）を並べたシンプルなものや、ござ、植物や頭蓋骨、食物や貴重な供え物などで飾られた複雑なものがあります。","The nusasan can be as simple as an array of inaw (prayer sticks made from the shaved inner bark of the willow tree), or adorned with an intricately woven mat, plants, skulls, and offerings of food or precious objects."]
[95,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","建造物等","チセ","ちせ","cise","アイヌの伝統的なチセ（住居）は囲炉裏（アイヌ語で火を表すアペに由来するアペソ）を中心に建築されています。","The traditional Ainu dwelling, or cise, is focused on the open hearth (apeso, from the Ainu word for fire, ape). "]
[96,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","食","トノト","とのと","tonoto","伝統的なお酒であるトノトは、発酵した米と雑穀から作られます。","The traditional alcoholic drink known as tonoto is made from fermented rice and millet. "]
[97,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","パスイ","ぱすい","pasuy","儀式の最中、パスイの先端にお酒をつけ、垂らすことでカムイへ捧げます。","During ceremonies, the tip of the pasuy is dipped into the tonoto drink, which is then offered to the gods."]
[98,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","タンネピコロ","たんねぴころ","tannepikoro (long sacred sword) ","タンネピコロ（長刀）とエムシ（刀）は悪霊から人々を守る偉大な力を有していると考えられており、どちらもアイヌの儀式に用いられます。","The tannepikoro (long sacred sword) and emus (sword) are both used for religious rituals, and are believed to have great power to protect people from evil spirits. "]
[99,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","工芸・美術品","ニンカリ","にんかり","ninkari","ニンカリとは円状の耳飾りです。","Ninkari are hooped earrings made in various sizes and often decorated with beads or metal balls. "]
[100,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","工芸・美術品","ムックリ","むっくり","mukkuri","ムックリは、木（主に竹）と弦から作られたアイヌの伝統的な口琴です。","The mukkuri is a traditional Ainu mouth harp made of wood (usually bamboo) and a string. "]
[101,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","工芸・美術品","タマサイ","たまさい","Tamasay","タマサイとはアイヌの女性たちが日常的な首飾りとして身につけられていました。","Tamasay necklaces used to be worn by Ainu women every day. "]
[102,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","工芸・美術品","イタ","いた","Ita","イタは手彫りの木のお盆で、家で物や食事を運ぶときに使われます。","Ita are hand-carved wooden trays used in the home to carry objects or serve food. "]
[103,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","工芸・美術品","アットゥシ","あっとぅし","attus","アットゥシに配されている幾何学模様は綿布（日本最大の島である本州との貿易で手に入れたもの）を染めた物を縫い付けています。","The geometric patterns on the attus are made from dyed cotton cloth (originally obtained through trade with Honshu, Japan’s largest island), which is sewn onto the garment. "]
[104,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","工芸・美術品","サパウンぺ","さぱうんぺ","sapampe","サパウンぺとは、儀式の際にアイヌ人の男性たちが被る儀式用の冠です。","The sapampe is a ceremonial crown worn by Ainu men during important religious ceremonies. "]
[105,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","エエペライ","ええぺらい","eeper’ay spear","しかし、エエペライと呼ばれる槍は狩猟に使われることはなく、チセノミ（竣工式）やイオマンテ（熊やシマフクロウなどの大切なカムイの魂を神の世界に帰す儀式）などの宗教の儀式に用いられます。","However, the eeper’ay spear was never used for hunting, but was instead reserved for religious rituals and ceremonies such as cise nomi (new-house celebrations) and the iomante, a ceremony to send important spiritual beings like bears and Blakiston’s fish owls back to the realm of the gods."]
[106,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","工芸・美術品","漆器","しっき","lacquerware","宝物として大切な儀式で飾られる漆器の箱から、木や布やアシで作られた日常で使うカバンやカゴなど、アイヌの村にある伝統的な容器で多種多様です。","Traditional storage containers in Ainu villages range from lacquerware boxes, displayed as treasures and used in important ceremonies, to everyday bags and baskets made from wood, fabric, or reeds. "]
[107,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","工芸・美術品","チェプケリ","ちぇぷけり","cep’keri (salmon-skin shoes)","サハリンと呼ばれる北海道の北方にある大きな島に住むアイヌ人たちはチェプケリという鮭皮を用いた靴を使用していました。","The Ainu community on Sakhalin, a large island directly north of Hokkaido, used salmon skin to make shoes known as cep’keri. "]
[108,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","工芸・美術品","シントコ","しんとこ","sintoko (lacquerware storage container)","伝統的なアイヌの住居において、神窓は玄関から遠く離れた家の端に設置されています。その横には、家宝を飾るためのイヨイキリとよばれる棚があります。家宝に並んでシントコと呼ばれる漆器の容器がおかれます。","In a traditional Ainu home, the sacred window is on the far side of the dwelling, opposite the entrance. Next to it is the iyoykir, a shelf used to display the home’s most precious objects. Among these are lacquerware containers called sintoko."]
[109,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","食","ニス","にす","nisu","大きな木のニス（臼）は、穀物を脱穀するために使われました。","Large wooden nisu (mortars) are used to thresh grain and pound flour. "]
[110,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","工芸・美術品","トゥムシコクパスイ","とぅむしこくぱすい","Tum-us-kot-pasuy","トゥムシコクパスイは精巧な彫刻が施された箸で、特別な祭典や儀式の時に使われます。","Tum-us-kot-pasuy are finely carved chopsticks used for special events and rituals."]
[111,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","工芸・美術品","チタラぺ","ちたらぺ","citarape","伝統的なアイヌの住居において、チタラぺ（藁で編んだマット）の用途は多岐にわたります。","In traditional Ainu homes, citarape (straw mats) are used for many purposes. "]
[112,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","湖沼","オンネトー","おんねとー","Lake Onneto","オンネトーは阿寒摩周国立公園の最西端に位置し、雌阿寒岳の麓の小さな美しい湖です。","Lake Onneto is a small, picturesque lake at the foot of Mt. Meakan, in the westernmost region of Akan-Mashu National Park."]
[113,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","湖沼","五色沼","ごしょくぬま","Lake of Five Colors","阿寒摩周国立公園の雌阿寒岳の麓に位置するこの美しい湖は、天気や風、時間帯によって色合いが青から緑まで変化するため「五色沼」と呼ばれています。","This scenic lake at the foot of Mt. Meakan in Akan-Mashu National Park is called the “Lake of Five Colors” because it appears to change color, shifting between hues of blue and green depending on the weather, wind, and time of day. "]
[114,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","滝","湯の滝","ゆのたき","Yunotaki Falls","オンネトー野営場の近くにある湯の滝は珍しい温泉の滝で、マンガンが堆積する稀な場所でもあります。多種多彩な動植物が特徴的です。","Onneto Yunotaki Falls, located near Onneto Campground, is an unusual hot-spring waterfall with rare manganese deposits. "]
[115,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","温泉","雌阿寒温泉","めあかんおんせん","Meakan Onsen","ここから、雌阿寒岳や雌阿寒温泉、オンネトー湯の滝（珍しくマンガン鉱石が堆積しているのを見られる温泉の滝）を探索出来ます。","Explore Mt. Meakan, Meakan Onsen, and Onneto Yunotaki Falls (a hot-spring waterfall with rare manganese deposits), and observe rich plant and animal life from along popular hiking trails. "]
[116,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","その他","国の天然記念物","くにのてんねんきねんぶつ","Natural Monument of Japan","地上でマンガン鉱床が発見された地球上でも貴重な場所の一つとして、オンネトー湯の滝は国の天然記念物に指定されています。","Onneto Yunotaki Falls is designated a Natural Monument of Japan for being one of the only places on Earth where manganese ore deposits can be found above ground."]
[117,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","その他","酸化マンガン","さんかまんがん","manganese oxide ore","オンネトー湯の滝は、高さ30メートルの温泉の滝です。酸化マンガンが堆積しているのを地球上でも珍しい場所です。","Onneto Yunotaki Falls is a 30-meter-high hot-spring waterfall and one of only a few places on Earth where you can see deposits of manganese oxide ore in a freshwater body. "]
[118,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","レジャー・アクティビティ","オンネトーコース","おんねとーこーす","Onneto Trail","オンネトーコースは、オンネトー野営場から始まり、針葉樹と落葉樹が混ざった森の中をジグザクと進んでいきます。","The Onneto Trail starts from Onneto Campground and leads along a winding path through a mixed coniferous and deciduous forest. "]
[119,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","テーマ施設等","オンネトー野営場","おんねとーやえいば","Onneto Campground","雌阿寒岳の山頂へは、雌阿寒温泉コース、オンネトーコース（オンネトー野営場から始まるコース）、阿寒湖畔コースの3つのコースがあります。","Three hiking trails lead to Mt. Meakan’s summit: the Meakan Onsen Trail, the Onneto Trail (which starts at Onneto Campground), and the Akankohan Trail. "]
[120,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","山岳","阿寒の山脈地帯","あかんのさんみゃくちたい","Akan mountain range","雌阿寒岳（1,499m）は阿寒湖の南西部にそびえる阿寒の山脈地帯で最も標高の高い山です。","Mt. Meakan (1,499 m) is the highest mountain in the Akan mountain range, standing to the southwest of Lake Akan. "]
[121,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","山岳","ポンマチネシリ火口","ぽんまちねしりかこう","Pon-machineshiri Crater","この火山地域は10つの山で構成されており、湯気が上がるポンマチネシリ火口と高山植物の草原が特徴的です。","This composite volcano consists of 10 peaks, and is home to steaming Pon-machineshiri Crater and alpine flower meadows. "]
[122,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","山岳","７合目","ななごうめ","Seventh Station","レベル2になると3つあるコースそれぞれの７合目からのルートが規制されます。","At level two, access is restricted from the Seventh Station of each of the mountain’s three hiking trails. At any level higher than two, all hiking trails are closed."]
[123,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","テーマ施設等","阿寒湖畔エコミュージアムセンター","あかんこはんえこみゅーじあむせんたー","Akankohan Eco-museum Center","レベルはいつでも変更される可能性があるため、山に登る前に、阿寒湖畔エコミュージアムセンターまたはオンラインで現状を確認してください：(https://www.jma.go.jp/en/volcano/map_1.html).","The status can change at any time, so check the conditions before hiking at the Akankohan Eco-museum Center or online: (https://www.jma.go.jp/en/volcano/map_1.html). "]
[124,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","レジャー・アクティビティ","オンネトー展望台コース","おんねとーてんぼうだいこーす","Onneto Lookout Trail","背景に山を望む景色を楽しむなら、湖西側にあるオンネトー展望台コースを選んでみてください。","Take the Onneto Lookout Trail on the western side of the lake for views with mountain backdrops. "]
[125,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","レジャー・アクティビティ","オンネトー東湖岸コース","おんねとーひがしこがんこーす","Lake Onneto East Bank Trail","全長1.9キロメートルのオンネトー東湖岸コースは、湖の東湖畔を沿うように伸びています。","The 1.9-kilometer Lake Onneto East Bank Trail follows the eastern shore of the lake. "]
[126,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","植物","ハクサンシャクナゲ","はくさんしゃくなげ","Hakusan rhododendron flowers (Rhododendron brachycarpum). ","春になると、池の周りにピンク色のハクサンシャクナゲ（Hakusan rhododendron）が咲きます。","In spring, the area around the pond blooms with pink Hakusan rhododendron flowers (Rhododendron brachycarpum). "]
[127,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","湖沼","錦沼","にしきぬま","Nishiki Pond","錦沼は949号線でオンネトーの南西に20分、雌阿寒温泉からオンネトー方面に約1.5キロの距離にある赤褐色の湖です。","Nishiki Pond is a rust-colored pond 20 minutes southwest of Lake Akan on Route 949, and about 1.5 kilometers from Meakan Onsen on the way to Lake Onneto. "]
[128,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","植物","メアカンフスマ","めあかんふすま","Meakan-fusuma","メアカンフスマは、雌阿寒岳と北海道東部の知床半島に生育する多年生植物です。","The Meakan-fusuma is a perennial plant that grows on Mt. Meakan and in areas of the Shiretoko Peninsula in eastern Hokkaido. "]
[129,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","動物","エゾシマリス","えぞしまりす","Siberian chipmunk","アカエゾマツの原生林では、クマゲラやアジア唯一のシマリスであるエゾシマリスなどの野生動物を目にすることができるかもしれません。","Along the way, you will pass through old-growth forests of Sakhalin spruce, and you may encounter wildlife such as the large black woodpeckers and the Siberian chipmunk, the only species of chipmunk in Asia."]
[130,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","温泉","野中温泉旅館","のなかおんせんりょかん","Nonaka Hot Spring Hotel","ミネラル豊かな浴室がある野中温泉旅館は、雌阿寒岳を目指す登山客に人気があります。","The baths at the Nonaka Hot Spring Hotel remain a popular haven for hikers looking to relax after scaling Mt. Meakan. "]
[131,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","植物","ラワンぶき","らわんぶき","Rawan-buki","ラワンぶき(日本の巨大な蕗)は登録された北海道産の植物で、足寄町でのみ見られます。","Rawan-buki (Giant Japanese butterbur), is a registered Hokkaido Heritage plant found only in the town of Ashoro. "]
[132,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","その他","国道241号線","こくどう241ごうせん","Route 241","滝は国道241号線から少しだけ離れた場所にあり、道路上には入り口を示す看板があります。","The waterfall is located just off Route 241; a sign on the highway marks the entrance. "]
[133,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","滝","白藤の滝","しらふじのたき","Shirafuji Falls","白藤の滝は、足寄町の白水川にある滝です。","Shirafuji Falls is a waterfall on the Hakusui River in the town of Ashoro. "]
[134,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","動物","エゾリス","えぞりす","Hokkaido squirrel","エゾリスは、北海道の低地に生息する最も一般的なリスです。","The Hokkaido squirrel is the most common species of squirrel found in the lowlands of Hokkaido. "]
[135,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","温泉","雌阿寒温泉","めあかんおんせん","Meakan Onsen","阿寒摩周国立公園全域、特に雌阿寒温泉や雌阿寒岳の近くに生育している常緑樹で、保護対象とされています。","This evergreen grows throughout Akan-Mashu National Park, where it is a protected species, especially near Meakan Onsen and on Mt. Meakan. "]
[136,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","河川・渓谷","釧路川","くしろかわ","Kushiro River","釧路川は、屈斜路湖から太平洋に流れる美しい河川です。","The Kushiro River is a beautiful stretch of water that flows from Lake Kussharo to the Pacific Ocean. "]
[137,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","植物","カツラ","かつら","Katsura","半島を一周するおよそ2時間のコースは、カツラの巨木の森と地熱活動の活発なエリアを通りぬけるアップダウンのあるコースです。","The trail around the Wakoto Peninsula is an up-and-down course that passes through a forest of giant Katsura and areas of intense geothermal activity. "]
[138,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","湖沼","和琴半島湖畔","わことはんとうこはん","Wakoto-hanto Kohan","弟子屈エリアには、砂湯、和琴、和琴半島湖畔という3つの大きなキャンプ場があります。","There are three main camping grounds in the Teshikaga area: Sunayu, Wakoto, and Wakoto-hanto Kohan. "]
[139,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","湖沼","屈斜路湖","くっしゃろこ","Lake Kussharo","大人向けのツアーには屈斜路湖の湖畔を駆ける湖畔コースや草原コースがあります。ランチや温泉体験を組み込んだロングプログラムもあります。","Tours for adults include a lakeside course, which follows a section of the Lake Kussharo shore, and a grassland course. Some longer tours include lunch and a hot-spring visit. "]
[140,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","河川・渓谷","弟子屈","てしかが","Teshikaga","北海道は第一級の釣り場の宝庫です。弟子屈の河川は至る所から釣り人を集めています。","Hokkaido is a prime destination for fishing, and the waterways of Teshikaga draw freshwater anglers from all over Japan. "]
[141,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","温泉","川湯温泉","かわゆおんせん","Kawayu Onsen","弟子屈には川湯温泉と摩周温泉の二つの温泉地があります。","There are two hot-spring areas in Teshikaga: Kawayu Onsen and Mashu Onsen. "]
[142,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","テーマ施設等","摩周温泉道の駅","ましゅうおんせんどうのえき","Mashu Onsen Roadside Station","摩周温泉道の駅や摩周駅では無料で利用できる足湯もあります。","There are also footbaths that can be used free of charge at Mashu Onsen Roadside Station and Mashu Station."]
[143,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","山岳","藻琴山","もことやま","Mt. Mokoto","摩周岳と西別岳の頂上までのトレイルは中級のハイカー向けですが、藻琴山のハイキング道はほとんどの運動レベルの人に最適です。","The trails to the summits of Mt. Mashu and Mt. Nishibetsu are suitable for intermediate hikers, whereas the track leading up Mt. Mokoto can be tackled by hikers of most fitness levels. "]
[144,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","湖沼","カムイシュ","かむいしゅ","Kamuishu","カムイシュは摩周湖に浮かぶ唯一の島です。島は溶岩が固まってできた柱で、湖底から約240メートルの高さがあります。","Kamuishu, Lake Mashu’s only island, is a pillar of lava that rises some 240 meters from the lakebed. "]
[145,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","湖沼","キンムトー","きんむとー","Kinmuto Pond","キンムトーは屈斜路湖の東方、山の中深くにある、澄んだ美しい沼です。","Kinmuto Pond is a beautiful clear pond deep in the mountains on the eastern side of Lake Kussharo. "]
[146,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","山岳","ポンポン山","ぽんぽんやま","Mt. Ponpon","他にも、ポンポン山には、一年中緑のコケがはびこっているという変わった現象があります。","Mt. Ponpon is known for another phenomenon: thick green moss growing over its surface year-round."]
[147,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","温泉","オヤコツ地獄","おやこつじごく","Oyakotsu Jigoku","アカエゾマツの森を抜ける曲がりくねった細道をたどり、カツラの巨木を通って、オヤコツ地獄に到着します。","Follow the narrow path that winds through a forest of Sakhalin spruce and Katsura trees to Oyakotsu Jigoku, an area of intense geothermal activity where sulfurous plumes of steam rise from cracks in the ground. "]
[148,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","河川・渓谷","尾札部川","おさっぺがわ","Osappe River","屈斜路湖に流れる一番大きな支流が尾札部川です。","The Osappe River is the largest tributary flowing into Lake Kussharo. "]
[149,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","山岳","藻琴峠","もこととげ","Mokoto Pass","藻琴峠は、屈斜路湖の北に連なる山並みを通り抜け、川湯温泉と東藻琴村を結ぶ道路です。","Mokoto Pass is a road that runs through the mountains north of Lake Kussharo, linking Kawayu Onsen and the village of Higashi Mokoto. "]
[150,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","テーマ施設等","大鵬相撲記念館","たいほうすもうきねんかん","Taiho Sumo Memorial Museum","大鵬相撲記念館は、大相撲の歴史に勇名を刻んだ名横綱・大鵬の偉業を伝えています。","The Taiho Sumo Memorial Museum is dedicated to one of the most successful grand champions in modern sumo history. "]
[151,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","テーマ施設等","川湯エコミュージアム・センター","かわゆえこみゅーじあむ・せんたー","Kawayu Eco-museum Center","川湯エコミュージアム・センターは、川湯温泉エリアの美しい森の中にあるミュージアム兼ビジターセンター です。","The Kawayu Eco-museum Center is a museum and visitor center, centrally located in the Kawayu Onsen area. "]
[152,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","テーマ施設等","900草原","きゅうまるまるそうげん","900 Grassland","900草原（きゅうまるまるそうげん）は展望台やカジュアルなレストランを備えた広大な牧草地です。","Visitors to 900 Grassland will discover sweeping views from the observation deck, tasty local food, and park golf courses. "]
[153,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","動物","エゾクロテン","えぞくろてん","Hokkaido sable","エゾクロテンはイタチ科の仲間です。","The Hokkaido sable is a member of the weasel family. "]
[154,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","庭園・公園","水郷公園","すいごうこうえん","Suigo Park","道路を渡った反対側に広々とした水郷公園があり、園内の池の水辺に野鳥観察小屋もあります。","Suigo Park, a large park with a pond and bird-watching pavilion, is just across the road. "]
[155,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","食","牛のおっぱい","うしのおっぱい","Ushi no Oppai","また、弟子屈のミルクブランドである牛のおっぱいは放牧された牛から採られたリッチでクリーミーなミルクです。 ","Also look for the rich and creamy Ushi no Oppai (cow’s udder) brand of Teshikaga milk, which comes from a free-ranging herd. "]
[156,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","岩石・洞窟","火山灰","かざんばい","volcanic ash","硫黄山の近くでは火山灰がまるで絨毯のように地面を覆っています。","Closer to Mt. Io, volcanic ash carpets the ground. "]
[157,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","その他","森林浴","しんりんよく","shinrin-yoku","日本語で「森林浴」として知られる森林セラピーは日本発祥です。","Forest therapy, known as shinrin-yoku in Japanese, originated in Japan. "]
[158,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","テーマ施設等","津別峠展望台","つべつとげてんぼうだい","Tsubetsu Toge Observatory","津別峠展望台は山頂にある大きな施設で周囲の環境の美しい眺めを楽しめます。","The Tsubetsu Toge Observatory is a large mountaintop facility that offers beautiful views of the surrounding environment. "]
[159,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","自然現象","火山噴火","かざんふんか","volcanic eruption","複数の火山噴火によって、かなり昔に形成されました","It was formed long ago by multiple volcanic eruptions. "]
[160,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）環境省阿寒摩周国立公園管理事務所","植物","マリモ","まりも","Marimo","アイヌの言葉で、マリモは「トラサンベ」と呼ばれ、それは「湖の御霊」を意味します。"," In the Ainu language, Marimo are called torasanbe which means “spirit of the lake.”"]
[161,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）環境省阿寒摩周国立公園管理事務所","動物","エゾシカ","えぞしか","Yezo shika deer","厳しい冬の間、餌が容易に得られるボッケの周りに、エゾシカが集まっているのをよく見かけます。","It is common to see Yezo shika deer gather around bokke during the harsh winter months because of the abundance of food available. "]
[162,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）環境省阿寒摩周国立公園管理事務所","動物","エゾモモンガ","えぞももんが"," Siberian flying squirrel","エゾモモンガは、小さな体と大きな丸い目を持っているため、北海道で最もかわいらしい動物の1つとして知られています。","With its tiny body and big, round eyes, the Siberian flying squirrel is one of Hokkaido's most adorable inhabitants. "]
[163,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）環境省阿寒摩周国立公園管理事務所","動物","クマゲラ","くまげら","black woodpecker","クマゲラは、日本に生息するキツツキ科の中で最大種です。","The black woodpecker is the largest species of woodpecker living in Japan. "]
[164,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）環境省阿寒摩周国立公園管理事務所","動物","オジロワシ","おじろわし","white-tailed eagle","オジロワシの成鳥は、体長70～100センチで、翼を広げると180～240センチです。","Adult white-tailed eagles grow to 70 to 100 cm in length with a wingspan of 180 to 240 cm. "]
[165,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）環境省阿寒摩周国立公園管理事務所","動物","イトウ","いとう","Sakhalin taimen","アイヌの伝説では、イトウはエゾシカを攻撃し、川の流れを止めることができる魚です。","In Ainu legend, Sakhalin taimen are powerful enough to attack Yezo shika deer or stop a river’s flow."]
[166,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）環境省阿寒摩周国立公園管理事務所","動物","ヒメマス","ひめます","kokanee salmon","ヒメマスは成魚になるのに約３年かかります。","Kokanee salmon take approximately three years to reach adulthood. "]
[167,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）環境省阿寒摩周国立公園管理事務所","動物","ワカサギ","わかさぎ"," Japanese smelt ","ワカサギは、体長わずか10センチほどの小さな魚です。","The Japanese smelt is a small fish of approximately ten centimeters in length."]
[168,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）環境省阿寒摩周国立公園管理事務所","動物","オオハクチョウ","おおはくちょう","whooper swan","砂湯は雪や氷に覆われた屈斜路湖をバックにオオハクチョウを撮影する絶好のスポットになっています。","Sunayu is a popular spot for photographers to capture shots of whooper swans against backdrops of fresh snow and frozen water. "]
[169,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）環境省阿寒摩周国立公園管理事務所","動物","アイヌキンオサムシ","あいぬきんおさむし"," Ainukin-osamushi ","森には、エゾシカ、ヒグマ、エゾモモンガ、クマゲラ、アイヌキンオサムシという多色の虫、その他、北海道特有の多くの野生動物が生息しています。","These forests are inhabited by Yezo shika deer, brown bears, Siberian flying squirrels, black woodpeckers, a multi-colored beetle called Ainukin-osamushi (Carabus kolbei), and many other wild animals found only in Hokkaido."]
[170,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）環境省阿寒摩周国立公園管理事務所","植物","アカエゾマツ","あかえぞまつ","Sakhalin spruce","雌阿寒温泉の辺りの山麓の丘は、アカエゾマツの広大な森で覆われています","A vast forest of Sakhalin spruce covers the foothills around Meakan Onsen."]
[171,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）環境省阿寒摩周国立公園管理事務所","植物","ダケカンバ","だけかんば","Erman’s birch","双岳台は、エゾマツとダケカンバに囲まれています。","Sogakudai is surrounded by a forest of Yezo spruce and Erman’s birch."]
[172,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）環境省阿寒摩周国立公園管理事務所","植物","ミズナラ","みずなら","Japanese oak","この散策路は、アカエゾマツが密生する森から、ミズナラの森を通り、ハイマツやイソツツジで覆われた低地へと続いています。","The trail winds through a lush forest of Sakhalin spruce and into a forest of Japanese oak before opening onto lowlands covered in Japanese pine stone and marsh Labrador tea. "]
[173,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）環境省阿寒摩周国立公園管理事務所","植物","ラワンブキ","らわんぶき","Rawan-buki ","ラワンブキが何故これほど巨大に育つかについては分かっていません。","The reason Rawan-buki grow so high here remains unknown. "]
[174,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）環境省阿寒摩周国立公園管理事務所","植物","メアカンキンバイ","めあかんきんばい","Meakan-kinbai","メアカンキンバイは、最初の発見地である雌阿寒岳にちなんで名付けられた、珍しい高山植物です。","Named after Mt. Meakan where it was first discovered, the Meakan-kinbai (Potentilla miyabei Makino) is a rare alpine plant."]
[175,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）環境省阿寒摩周国立公園管理事務所","植物","メアカンフスマ","めあかんふすま","Meakan-fusuma","雌阿寒岳では、メアカンフスマは、ハイマツの森の上にそびえる岩だらけの斜面に生え、標高1,000メートルから始まって、標高1,499メートルの山頂にまで生息しています。","On Mt. Meakan, Meakan-fusuma inhabits the rocky slopes above the forest of creeping pines, starting at an altitude of 1,000m and continuing up to the 1,499 m summit. "]
[176,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）環境省阿寒摩周国立公園管理事務所","植物","高山植物","こうざんしょくぶつ","alpine plant","メアカンフスマは、最初の発見地である雌阿寒岳にちなんで名付けられました。たくさんの小さな白い花をつける高山植物で、夜空の数百万の星に似ています。","Meakan-fusuma (Arenaria merckioides Maxim.) is a plant named after Mt. Meakan, where it was first discovered. It is an alpine plant with a mass of tiny white flowers, resembling the stars in the night sky. "]
[177,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）環境省阿寒摩周国立公園管理事務所","組織・団体","アイヌ","あいぬ","Ainu","阿寒摩周地域は、1934年に国立公園に指定されましたが、この土地には、はるか昔からアイヌの人々が住んでいました。","The Akan-Mashu area was designated a national park in 1934. The Ainu people have lived on this land from ancient times."]
[178,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）環境省阿寒摩周国立公園管理事務所","集落・街","コタン","こたん"," kotan","アイヌの人々は、アイヌ語でコタンと呼ばれる集落に住んでいました。","The Ainu traditionally lived in villages, called kotan in the Ainu language. "]
[179,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）環境省阿寒摩周国立公園管理事務所","建造物等","チセ","ちせ","chise","集落では、木や、笹、葦などのような自然のものを使い、ブドウの蔓で縛るなどしてチセという家を建てていました。","In these villages, the Ainu built houses called chise that were made of natural materials such as trees, bamboo grass, or reeds, tied together with plants such as grape vines."]
[180,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）環境省阿寒摩周国立公園管理事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","カムイノミ","かむいのみ"," kamui-nomi","神に感謝をささげ、平和の継続を祈るため、カムイノミという儀式をよく行いました。","Rituals called kamui-nomi are performed to give thanks to the spirits and pray for continued peace."]
[181,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）環境省阿寒摩周国立公園管理事務所","自然現象","ボッケ","ぼっけ","bokke","ボッケとは、地下から絶え間なく噴出する煮え立つ泥のことです。","Bokke is boiling mud that erupts continuously from underground. "]
[182,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）環境省阿寒摩周国立公園管理事務所","自然現象","複合火山","ふくごうかざん","composite volcano","アイヌ語では、雌阿寒岳は「雌山」を意味するマチネシリです。雄阿寒岳の妻と言われています。雌阿寒岳は、約2万年ずっと活動を続けている複合火山です。度重なる噴火によって、この山の10個の山ができました。","In the Ainu language, Mt. Meakan is called Machineshiri, which means “female mountain.” It is considered to be the wife of Mt. Oakan. Meakan, a composite volcano that has been active for approximately 20,000 years, has repeatedly erupted, creating the mountain’s ten summits. "]
[183,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）環境省阿寒摩周国立公園管理事務所","自然現象","寄生火山","きせいかざん","parasite volcano","最高峰ポンマチネシリは、約4千年前にできました。阿寒富士は2千年前に形成された寄生火山です。","The highest peak, Ponmachineshiri, was formed approximately 4,000 years ago, while Mt. Akanfuji is a parasite volcano that is about 2,000 years old."]
[184,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）環境省阿寒摩周国立公園管理事務所","自然現象","火山帯","かざんたい","volcanic belt","この火山帯は知床から、北海道の北東1300キロの千島列島まで続いています。","This volcanic belt continues from Shiretoko to the Kuril Islands, the island chain stretching approximately 1,300km northeast of Hokkaido."]
[185,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）環境省阿寒摩周国立公園管理事務所","その他","硫黄","いおう","sulfur","硫黄山の硫黄は、染料や燃料のような日用品として、使われていました。","The sulfur in Mt. Io has long been used for goods such as dyes and matches. "]
[186,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）環境省阿寒摩周国立公園管理事務所","その他","硫黄ガス","いおうがす"," sulfuric gases","この付近には十分な案内看板や柵はありません。ボッケから出る硫黄ガスは強烈なことがありますから、近づきすぎないよう十分に注意して下さい。","Although there are no signboards or fences in the area, the sulfuric gases emitted from the bokke can be strong, so please be careful not to approach too close. "]
[187,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）環境省阿寒摩周国立公園管理事務所","自然現象","雲海","うんかい","unkai","ここは、6月から10月の早朝にカルデラ湖の上に漂う、「雲海」として知られる自然現象を見るには、最高の場所でもあります。","This viewpoint is also the best place to see the natural phenomenon known as unkai (sea of clouds) that sweeps over the caldera early in the morning, typically between June and October. "]
[188,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）環境省阿寒摩周国立公園管理事務所","動物","ヒメマス","ひめます","Himemasu salmon","私たちヒメマスは、世界のさまざまな地域で「コカニーサーモン」と呼ばれる陸封型のサケの一種です。","We himemasu salmon are a species of landlocked salmon called kokanee salmon in some parts of the world.\n","「Kokanee salmon」はカナダ呼称である可能性があり（環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所より）アメリカ英語のスタンダードな表現を調査し「Himemasu salmon」としましたが、地域によっては「Kokanee salmon」と表現している場合もあります。"]
[189,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）環境省阿寒摩周国立公園管理事務所","その他","酸化マンガン","さんかまんがん","manganese oxide","オンネトー湯の滝には、鉄や乾電池の製造に使用される重要な鉱物である、酸化マンガンを生成する微生物が生息しています。","Onneto Yunotaki Falls is home to microorganisms that produce manganese oxide, an important mineral used in the manufacturing of iron and dry cell batteries."]
[190,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）環境省阿寒摩周国立公園管理事務所","レジャー・アクティビティ","ワカサギ釣り","わかさぎつり","smelt fishing","1月から3月には、凍った阿寒湖の上で、冬のワカサギ釣りという珍しいスポーツに挑戦できます。","From January to March, visitors and locals alike can enjoy the rare sport of winter smelt fishing from atop the frozen Lake Akan. "]
[191,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）北海道","高原・湿原・原野","釧路湿原","くしろしつげん","Kushiro Shitsugen","1980年に釧路湿原は、湿原の保全の枠組みを示す国際条約であるラムサール条約において、日本で初となる登録湿地となり、その７年後、国立公園に指定されました。","In 1980, Kushiro Shitsugen became the first site in Japan to be protected by the Ramsar Convention, an international treaty that provides the framework for conservation of wetland areas. "]
[192,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市湿原展望台リニューアル検討協議会","社会","縄文海進","じょうもんかいしん","Jomon Transgression","これが縄文時代（12,000年前頃から2,400年前頃までの期間）の名を冠して縄文海進として知られる地質的現象です。","This was a geological event known as the Jomon Transgression, named after the Jomon period (approximately 12,000 to 2,400 years ago)."]
[193,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市湿原展望台リニューアル検討協議会","社会","擦文時代","さつもんじだい","Satsumon period","擦文時代は本州の平安時代（紀元後794年－1185年）と一致します。","The Satsumon period coincided with Honshu’s Heian period (794–1185)."]
[194,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市湿原展望台リニューアル検討協議会","植物","マリモ","まりも","Marimo","阿寒湖はカルデラ湖であり、マリモと呼ばれる希少な球状の緑藻の生息地として有名です。","Lake Akan is a caldera lake, most famous for being home to Marimo, a rare spherical green alga."]
[195,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市湿原展望台リニューアル検討協議会","自然現象","ボッケ","ぼっけ"," bokke","硫黄性の蒸気を噴出する硫黄山や、阿寒湖の岸沿いに見られるボッケと呼ばれる沸騰する火山泥の沼地などは今日まで続く火山活動の一部です。","Volcanic activity continues to this day in the form of steaming sulfur mounds at Mt. Io, as well as pools of boiling volcanic mud called bokke that are found along the shore of Lake Akan."]
[196,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市湿原展望台リニューアル検討協議会","動物","タンチョウ","たんちょう"," red-crowned crane","タンチョウは日本語で丹頂（たんちょう）と呼ばれるように前頭部に赤い皮膚の斑点が付いています。","In Japanese, red-crowned cranes are called tancho, which refers to the patch of red skin on their forehead. "]
[197,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市湿原展望台リニューアル検討協議会","動物","イトウ","いとう","Sakhalin taimen","イトウはサケの希少種で、日本における最大の淡水魚です。北海道だけでなく、サハリン（樺太）やロシア極東の千島列島でも生息が確認されています。","Sakhalin taimen, or ito in Japanese, is a rare species of salmon and the largest freshwater fish in Japan. As well as Hokkaido, they are also found in Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands at the extreme east of Russia. "]
[198,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市湿原展望台リニューアル検討協議会","動物","エゾシカ","えぞしか","Yezo shika deer","2016年に開業したクレインズテラスの店舗では、地元産の野菜、エゾシカバーガー、ソフトクリームなどの地産地消メニュー、釧路・阿寒の特産品や土産物などを販売しています。","Opened in 2016, the store sells locally-grown vegetables, local dishes such as Yezo shika deer burgers, and ice cream, as well as products and souvenirs from Kushiro and Akan. "]
[199,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市湿原展望台リニューアル検討協議会","動物","キタキツネ","きたきつね","Ezo red fox","釧路湿原は、タンチョウ、キタキツネ、エゾリス、シマフクロウやオジロワシを含め、200種以上の鳥類や動物が生息しております。","Kushiro Marsh is inhabited by more than 200 species of birds and animals, including red-crowned cranes, Ezo red foxes, Ezo true squirrels, Blakiston’s fish owls, and white-tailed eagles."]
[200,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市湿原展望台リニューアル検討協議会","動物","エゾリス","えぞりす","Ezo true squirrel","釧路湿原は、タンチョウ、キタキツネ、エゾリス、シマフクロウやオジロワシを含め、200種以上の鳥類や動物が生息しております。","Kushiro Marsh is inhabited by more than 200 species of birds and animals, including red-crowned cranes, Ezo red foxes, Ezo true squirrels, Blakiston’s fish owls, and white-tailed eagles."]
[201,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市湿原展望台リニューアル検討協議会","動物","シマフクロウ","しまふくろう","Blakiston’s fish owl","湿原には、タンチョウ、シマフクロウ、イトウ、キタサンショウウオなど、多くの希少種が生息しており、湿原周囲の歩道や展望台から観察することができます。","The wetland is home to many rare species, including red-crowned cranes, Blakiston’s fish owls, Sakhalin taimen, and Siberian salamanders."]
[202,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市湿原展望台リニューアル検討協議会","史跡","貝塚","かいづか","shell mound","東釧路および台地の東側の細岡では、アサリやカキなどの貝塚が発掘され、有史以前に人々が住み着いていた痕跡が認められます。","At East Kushiro and Hosooka, on the east side of the plateau, excavated shell mounds consisting mainly of clams and oysters provide evidence of prehistoric human activity."]
[203,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市湿原展望台リニューアル検討協議会","動物","エゾモモンガ","えぞももんが","Ezo flying squirrel","北海道東部への自然界を感じる北海道ゾーンに踏み込めば、エゾヒグマやシマフクロウ、エゾモモンガなど、この地固有の動物が展示されています。","This area is dedicated to Hokkaido brown bears, Blakiston’s fish owls, Ezo flying squirrels, and other animals native to the region. "]
[204,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市湿原展望台リニューアル検討協議会","動物","オジロワシ","おじろわし"," white-tailed eagle","釧路湿原は、タンチョウ、キタキツネ、エゾリス、シマフクロウやオジロワシを含め、200種以上の鳥類や動物が生息しております。","Kushiro Marsh is inhabited by more than 200 species of birds and animals, including red-crowned cranes, Ezo red foxes, Ezo true squirrels, Blakiston’s fish owls, and white-tailed eagles."]
[205,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市湿原展望台リニューアル検討協議会","動物","キタサンショウウオ","きたさんしょううお","Siberian salamander","またサケ科の淡水魚イトウやキタサンショウウオの生息地でもあります。","It provides vital habitat for Sakhalin taimen, a freshwater salmon, and the Siberian salamander. "]
[206,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市湿原展望台リニューアル検討協議会","植物","ヤチボウズ","やちぼうず","yachibozu","最も希少な植物のひとつとして、坊主頭のように見えるスゲの、ヤチボウズがあります。ヤチボウズは「湿地の坊主」を意味します。"," One of the rarest plants is the yachibozu, which are sedges that look like a bald head, hence the name yachibozu which means “marshland monk.” "]
[207,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市湿原展望台リニューアル検討協議会","レジャー・アクティビティ","ワカサギ釣り","わかさぎつり","smelt fishing","干潮時にはシジミ貝を捕ることができ、冬には、ワカサギ釣りを楽しむことが出来ます。 ","Ocean when the water level rises. It is possible to go digging for Shijimi clams at low tide, while pond smelt fishing is available during the winter. "]
[208,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市湿原展望台リニューアル検討協議会","集落・街","コタン","こたん","kotan","日本の先住民族であるアイヌ民族は、何世紀にも渡って北海道に居住し、コタンと呼ばれる集落に住んでいました。 ","As the indigenous people of Japan, the Ainu have inhabited Hokkaido for centuries, living in villages called kotan. "]
[209,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市湿原展望台リニューアル検討協議会","植物","スゲ","すげ","sedge"," スゲは高さ60〜80cmに成長し、ヨシは2m以上に成長します。","Kushiro Marsh is primarily covered in sedges and reeds. The sedges grow to 60–80 cm in height, while the reeds grow to over 2 m. "]
[210,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市湿原展望台リニューアル検討協議会","植物","ヨシ","よし","reed","ヨシは、湿原を潤す河川から栄養分を得て繁殖し、スゲは、水位のより高い池や川を覆い、日の当たる場所で繁殖します。","Reeds are expansive, gaining nutrients from the rivers that flood the marshland, while sedges usually cover old ponds and rivers where water levels are higher and they are exposed to plenty of sunlight."]
[211,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市湿原展望台リニューアル検討協議会","植物","ハンノキ","はんのき","Japanese alder","ハンノキは、湿原で林を維持できる数少ない樹木です。","The Japanese alder is one of only a few tree species that can sustain forest growth in wetlands. "]
[212,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市湿原展望台リニューアル検討協議会","植物","ミズゴケ","みずごけ","peat moss"," 釧路湿原は、ヨシ・シゲ湿原、ミズゴケ湿原、ハンノキ林で構成され、3つの地層で成り立っています。 "," The marsh is composed of areas of sedge-reed bog, peat moss bog, and Japanese alder forests. "]
[213,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市湿原展望台リニューアル検討協議会","植物","イソツツジ","いそつつじ"," Labrador tea","スポンジのように水を保持するミズゴケは、イソツツジやヒメシャクナゲなどの高地や寒冷に強い植物の成長に理想的な条件を提供します。","This moss, which retains water like a sponge, provides ideal conditions for the growth of high-altitude and cold-resistant flora such as Labrador tea and Bog-rosemary."]
[214,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市湿原展望台リニューアル検討協議会","植物","ヒメシャクナゲ","ひめしゃくなげ","Bog-rosemary","スポンジのように水を保持するミズゴケは、イソツツジやヒメシャクナゲなどの高地や寒冷に強い植物の成長に理想的な条件を提供します。","This moss, which retains water like a sponge, provides ideal conditions for the growth of high-altitude and cold-resistant flora such as Labrador tea and Bog-rosemary."]
[215,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市湿原展望台リニューアル検討協議会","植物","ミツガシワ","みつがしわ"," bog-bean","白い房を持つ花を咲かせるミツガシワや淡い紫色の花を咲かせるタネツケバナなど、色とりどりの花をスゲの間で見ることができます。"," Colorful flowers can often be seen among the sedges, such as white-fringed bog-beans and pale purple cuckoo flowers. "]
[216,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市湿原展望台リニューアル検討協議会","植物","タネツケバナ","たねつけばな"," cuckoo flower","白い房を持つ花を咲かせるミツガシワや淡い紫色の花を咲かせるタネツケバナなど、色とりどりの花をスゲの間で見ることができます。"," Colorful flowers can often be seen among the sedges, such as white-fringed bog-beans and pale purple cuckoo flowers. "]
[217,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市湿原展望台リニューアル検討協議会","その他","アイヌ語","あいぬご","Ainu language","イトウはアイヌ語でチライと呼ばれています。","In the Ainu language, Sakhalin taimen are called chirai. "]
[218,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市湿原展望台リニューアル検討協議会","植物","ハナショウブ","はなしょうぶ","Japanese iris","公園を散策すると、春にはタネツケバナ、夏にはハナショウブ、秋にはタデなどの、様々な植物を観察することができます。","While exploring the park, it is also possible to see many species of plants such as cuckoo flowers in spring, Japanese irises in summer, and water peppers in autumn."]
[219,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市湿原展望台リニューアル検討協議会","植物","タデ","たで","water pepper","公園では、春にはタネツケバナ、夏にはハナショウブ、秋にはタデなどの、様々な植物を観察することができます。","While exploring the park, it is also possible to see many species of plants such as cuckoo flowers in spring, Japanese irises in summer, and water peppers in autumn."]
[220,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市湿原展望台リニューアル検討協議会","その他","給餌場","きゅうじば"," feeding ground","野生のタンチョウは美術館の周囲でも、特に近隣の畑が給餌場になる冬に観察することができます。","Wild red-crowned cranes can be spotted around the museum, especially during winter when the nearby fields become feeding grounds. "]
[221,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市湿原展望台リニューアル検討協議会","食","勝手丼","かってどん","katte don","和商市場の名物は「勝手丼」という海鮮料理です。 ","The Washo Market specialty is a do-it-yourself seafood dish called katte don."]
[222,"北海道","（大雪山国立公園）北海道","山岳","高山帯","こうざんたい","alpine zone","高山帯の特徴は、植生植物の背丈が低いこと、そして樹木が欠如していることです。 ","Alpine-zone vegetation is low-lying, with few trees. "]
[223,"北海道","（大雪山国立公園）北海道","動物","ノゴマ","のごま","Siberian rubythroat","ノゴマは、鳴き声の賑やかな小鳥で、その名前は明るい赤の斑紋が入ったオスの喉元の羽に由来しています。","The Siberian rubythroat is a small, highly vocal bird, named for the bright-red throat feathers of the male. "]
[224,"北海道","（大雪山国立公園）北海道","その他","散らばる","ちらばる","strewn","池の周囲やもっと広い地域に散らばる大きな岩は、爆発性噴火によって放出された噴出物です。","The large rocks strewn around the ponds and the wider area were thrown out during explosive eruptions."]
[225,"北海道","（大雪山国立公園）北海道","動物","クロテン","くろてん","sable","これより目撃される頻度は少ないですが、周辺地域にはヒグマやニホンジカ、クロテンも生息しています。","Though sighted less frequently, brown bears, Japanese deer, and sable also live in the area surrounding the pond. "]
[226,"北海道","（大雪山国立公園）北海道","自然現象","地形","ちけい","topography","これにより火山が発生し、今日見られるような地形が形成されました。","This gave rise to volcanoes, which in turn created the topography seen today. "]
[227,"北海道","（大雪山国立公園）北海道","自然現象","地熱","じねつ\n（ちねつ）","geothermal","ここに見られる小さな楕円形の穴は自然に出来上がった穴で、地熱活動によって生成された熱がここから放出されます。","The small oval-shaped hole seen here is a naturally occurring hole that vents heat generated by geothermal energy. "]
[228,"北海道","（大雪山国立公園）北海道","その他","硫黄","いおう","sulfur","硫黄は、地球の地殻と上部マントルに豊富に存在します。","Sulfur occurs in abundance in the Earth’s crust and upper mantle. "]
[229,"北海道","（大雪山国立公園）北海道","植物","モウセンゴケ","もうせんごけ","round-leaved sundew","モウセンゴケ（Drosera rotundifolia）は、明るい色をした食虫植物です。","The round-leaved sundew (Drosera rotundifolia) is a bright-colored insectivorous plant. "]
[230,"北海道","（支笏洞爺国立公園）北海道","動物","センダイムシクイ","せんだいむしくい","eastern crowned warbler","野鳥の森（「野鳥の森」の意味）には、シジュウカラ、ヤマガラ、センダイムシクイ、ムシクイ類、ヤマゲラなど、さまざまな鳥類が生息しています。鳥は餌を求めて飛び立つため、朝に最も見つけやすくなります。","Yacho no Mori (lit., “wild bird forest”) is home to a variety of birds including great tits, varied tits, eastern crowned warblers, Old World warblers, and gray-headed woodpeckers."]
[231,"北海道","（支笏洞爺国立公園）支笏洞爺国立公園支笏湖定山渓地区訪日外国人自然体験活動推進協議会","組織・団体","アイヌ民族","あいぬみんぞく","Ainu people","しかし、北海道の先住民であるアイヌ民族にも長い歴史があり、アイヌ民族と本州の人々の接触は7世紀まで遡ると考えられています。","However, the indigenous Ainu people of Hokkaido also have a long history, with contact between them and Honshu-based Japanese possibly going back as far as the seventh century CE."]
[232,"北海道","（支笏洞爺国立公園）支笏洞爺国立公園支笏湖定山渓地区訪日外国人自然体験活動推進協議会","組織・団体","松前藩","まつまえはん","Matsumae clan","1590年、本州の松前藩に北海道の主権が与えられました。","In 1590, the Matsumae clan from Honshu was granted sovereignty over the island of Hokkaido."]
[233,"北海道","（支笏洞爺国立公園）支笏洞爺国立公園支笏湖定山渓地区訪日外国人自然体験活動推進協議会","自然現象","不凍湖","ふとうこ","ice-free lake","しかし支笏湖は兄弟である洞爺湖よりもわずかに北に位置している為、公式には日本最北端の不凍湖なのです。","However, as Lake Shikotsu is slightly farther north than its sibling, it is officially the northernmost ice-free lake in Japan."]
[234,"北海道","（支笏洞爺国立公園）支笏洞爺国立公園支笏湖定山渓地区訪日外国人自然体験活動推進協議会","動物","エゾヒグマ","えぞひぐま","Ussuri brown bear (Ursus arctos lasiotus).","この地に暮らす動物のなかで、比較的自然の脅威からは守られていると思われがちな動物の1つにエゾヒグマ（Ursus arctos lasiotus）があります。","One local animal you might think was reasonably safe from natural threats is the Ussuri brown bear (Ursus arctos lasiotus)."]
[235,"北海道","（支笏洞爺国立公園）支笏洞爺国立公園支笏湖定山渓地区訪日外国人自然体験活動推進協議会","動物","コディアックヒグマ","こでぃあっくひぐま","Kodiak bears","非常に大きな種で、一部はアラスカのコディアックヒグマほどの大きさに成長します。","They can grow very large, some almost as big as the giant Kodiak bears of Alaska."]
[236,"北海道","（支笏洞爺国立公園）支笏洞爺国立公園支笏湖定山渓地区訪日外国人自然体験活動推進協議会","動物","エゾシカ","えぞじか","Ezo deer","同じくこの地の住人であるエゾシカは、正反対の問題を抱えています。","Another local resident, the Ezo deer, has just the opposite problem."]
[237,"北海道","（支笏洞爺国立公園）支笏洞爺国立公園支笏湖定山渓地区訪日外国人自然体験活動推進協議会","動物","キツツキ","きつつき","woodpecker","公園内には数種類のキツツキ、シジュウカラ、ハシブトガラ、エゾライチョウ、クロツグミ、アカハラ、キビタキ、ウグイス、アオジ、ツツドリが暮らしています。","The park is home to several species of woodpecker, as well as the great tit and marsh tit, the hazel grouse, Japanese thrush, brown-headed thrush, narcissus flycatcher, Japanese bush warbler, black-faced bunting, and the Oriental cuckoo."]
[238,"北海道","（支笏洞爺国立公園）支笏洞爺国立公園支笏湖定山渓地区訪日外国人自然体験活動推進協議会","動物","シジュウカラ","しじゅうから","great tit","公園内には数種類のキツツキ、シジュウカラ、ハシブトガラ、エゾライチョウ、クロツグミ、アカハラ、キビタキ、ウグイス、アオジ、ツツドリが暮らしています。","The park is home to several species of woodpecker, as well as the great tit and marsh tit, the hazel grouse, Japanese thrush, brown-headed thrush, narcissus flycatcher, Japanese bush warbler, black-faced bunting, and the Oriental cuckoo."]
[239,"北海道","（支笏洞爺国立公園）支笏洞爺国立公園支笏湖定山渓地区訪日外国人自然体験活動推進協議会","動物","ハシブトガラ","はしぶとがら","marsh tit","公園内には数種類のキツツキ、シジュウカラ、ハシブトガラ、エゾライチョウ、クロツグミ、アカハラ、キビタキ、ウグイス、アオジ、ツツドリが暮らしています。","The park is home to several species of woodpecker, as well as the great tit and marsh tit, the hazel grouse, Japanese thrush, brown-headed thrush, narcissus flycatcher, Japanese bush warbler, black-faced bunting, and the Oriental cuckoo."]
[240,"北海道","（支笏洞爺国立公園）支笏洞爺国立公園支笏湖定山渓地区訪日外国人自然体験活動推進協議会","動物","エゾライチョウ","えぞらいちょう","hazel grouse","公園内には数種類のキツツキ、シジュウカラ、ハシブトガラ、エゾライチョウ、クロツグミ、アカハラ、キビタキ、ウグイス、アオジ、ツツドリが暮らしています。","The park is home to several species of woodpecker, as well as the great tit and marsh tit, the hazel grouse, Japanese thrush, brown-headed thrush, narcissus flycatcher, Japanese bush warbler, black-faced bunting, and the Oriental cuckoo."]
[241,"北海道","（支笏洞爺国立公園）支笏洞爺国立公園支笏湖定山渓地区訪日外国人自然体験活動推進協議会","動物","クロツグミ","くろつぐみ","Japanese thrush","公園内には数種類のキツツキ、シジュウカラ、ハシブトガラ、エゾライチョウ、クロツグミ、アカハラ、キビタキ、ウグイス、アオジ、ツツドリが暮らしています。","The park is home to several species of woodpecker, as well as the great tit and marsh tit, the hazel grouse, Japanese thrush, brown-headed thrush, narcissus flycatcher, Japanese bush warbler, black-faced bunting, and the Oriental cuckoo."]
[242,"北海道","（支笏洞爺国立公園）支笏洞爺国立公園支笏湖定山渓地区訪日外国人自然体験活動推進協議会","動物","アカハラ","あかはら","brown-headed thrush","公園内には数種類のキツツキ、シジュウカラ、ハシブトガラ、エゾライチョウ、クロツグミ、アカハラ、キビタキ、ウグイス、アオジ、ツツドリが暮らしています。","The park is home to several species of woodpecker, as well as the great tit and marsh tit, the hazel grouse, Japanese thrush, brown-headed thrush, narcissus flycatcher, Japanese bush warbler, black-faced bunting, and the Oriental cuckoo."]
[243,"北海道","（支笏洞爺国立公園）支笏洞爺国立公園支笏湖定山渓地区訪日外国人自然体験活動推進協議会","動物","キビタキ","きびたき","narcissus flycatcher","公園内には数種類のキツツキ、シジュウカラ、ハシブトガラ、エゾライチョウ、クロツグミ、アカハラ、キビタキ、ウグイス、アオジ、ツツドリが暮らしています。","The park is home to several species of woodpecker, as well as the great tit and marsh tit, the hazel grouse, Japanese thrush, brown-headed thrush, narcissus flycatcher, Japanese bush warbler, black-faced bunting, and the Oriental cuckoo."]
[244,"北海道","（支笏洞爺国立公園）支笏洞爺国立公園支笏湖定山渓地区訪日外国人自然体験活動推進協議会","動物","ウグイス","うぐいす","Japanese bush warbler","公園内には数種類のキツツキ、シジュウカラ、ハシブトガラ、エゾライチョウ、クロツグミ、アカハラ、キビタキ、ウグイス、アオジ、ツツドリが暮らしています。","The park is home to several species of woodpecker, as well as the great tit and marsh tit, the hazel grouse, Japanese thrush, brown-headed thrush, narcissus flycatcher, Japanese bush warbler, black-faced bunting, and the Oriental cuckoo."]
[245,"北海道","（支笏洞爺国立公園）支笏洞爺国立公園支笏湖定山渓地区訪日外国人自然体験活動推進協議会","動物","アオジ","あおじ","black-faced bunting","公園内には数種類のキツツキ、シジュウカラ、ハシブトガラ、エゾライチョウ、クロツグミ、アカハラ、キビタキ、ウグイス、アオジ、ツツドリが暮らしています。","The park is home to several species of woodpecker, as well as the great tit and marsh tit, the hazel grouse, Japanese thrush, brown-headed thrush, narcissus flycatcher, Japanese bush warbler, black-faced bunting, and the Oriental cuckoo."]
[246,"北海道","（支笏洞爺国立公園）支笏洞爺国立公園支笏湖定山渓地区訪日外国人自然体験活動推進協議会","動物","ツツドリ","つつどり","Oriental cuckoo","公園内には数種類のキツツキ、シジュウカラ、ハシブトガラ、エゾライチョウ、クロツグミ、アカハラ、キビタキ、ウグイス、アオジ、ツツドリが暮らしています。","The park is home to several species of woodpecker, as well as the great tit and marsh tit, the hazel grouse, Japanese thrush, brown-headed thrush, narcissus flycatcher, Japanese bush warbler, black-faced bunting, and the Oriental cuckoo."]
[247,"北海道","（支笏洞爺国立公園）支笏洞爺国立公園支笏湖定山渓地区訪日外国人自然体験活動推進協議会","動物","ヒメマス","ひめます","kokanee (himemasu)","支笏湖にはヒメマスと呼ばれるベニザケの一種が生息しています。","Lake Shikotsu holds a type of sockeye salmon called kokanee (himemasu in Japanese)."]
[248,"北海道","（支笏洞爺国立公園）支笏洞爺国立公園支笏湖定山渓地区訪日外国人自然体験活動推進協議会","動物","ベニザケ","べにざけ","sockeye salmon","支笏湖にはヒメマスと呼ばれるベニザケの一種が生息しています。","Lake Shikotsu holds a type of sockeye salmon called kokanee (himemasu in Japanese)."]
[249,"北海道","（支笏洞爺国立公園）支笏洞爺国立公園支笏湖定山渓地区訪日外国人自然体験活動推進協議会","植物","カタクリ","かたくり","dogtooth violet","例えばカタクリは発芽から開花までに8年を要し、小さく白いオオバナノエンレイソウ（Trillium kamtschaticum）は10年以上を要します。","For example, the dogtooth violet takes eight years from germination to flowering, and the diminutive, white Obana-no-enrei-so (Trillium kamtschaticum) takes over a decade."]
[250,"北海道","（支笏洞爺国立公園）支笏洞爺国立公園支笏湖定山渓地区訪日外国人自然体験活動推進協議会","植物","オオバナノエンレイソウ","おおばなのえんれいそう","Obana-no-enrei-so (Trillium kamtschaticum) ","例えばカタクリは発芽から開花までに8年を要し、小さく白いオオバナノエンレイソウ（Trillium kamtschaticum）は10年以上を要します。","For example, the dogtooth violet takes eight years from germination to flowering, and the diminutive, white Obana-no-enrei-so (Trillium kamtschaticum) takes over a decade."]
[251,"北海道","（支笏洞爺国立公園）支笏洞爺国立公園支笏湖定山渓地区訪日外国人自然体験活動推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","三松正夫","みまつまさお","Mimatsu Masao","この間2年近くにわたり、三松正夫（1888年－1977年）という名の地元の郵便局長はこの新しい山の成長を記録する為に、詳細にわたる正確な線画を描き続けました。","Over a period of almost two years a local postmaster, Mimatsu Masao (1888–1977), began making minute, accurate drawings to show the growth of this new mountain."]
[252,"北海道","（支笏洞爺国立公園）支笏洞爺国立公園支笏湖定山渓地区訪日外国人自然体験活動推進協議会","その他","ミマツダイヤグラム","みまつだいやぐらむ","Mimatsu diagram","数年後に彼の作品が世界中で出版されてからというもの、「ミマツダイヤグラム」は火山の成長を追う為の新たな参考基準となりました。","When his work was published internationally a few years later, the “Mimatsu diagram” became a new reference point for tracking volcanic growth."]
[253,"北海道","（支笏洞爺国立公園）支笏洞爺国立公園支笏湖定山渓地区訪日外国人自然体験活動推進協議会","植物","エゾマツ","えぞまつ","Ezo spruce","より低地の樹木の大部分はエゾマツやトドマツ、モンゴリナラやハルニレといった落葉樹です。","Most of the trees at the lower levels are deciduous (leaf-bearing) species such as Ezo spruce, Sakhalin fir, Mongolian oak, and Japanese elm."]
[254,"北海道","（支笏洞爺国立公園）支笏洞爺国立公園支笏湖定山渓地区訪日外国人自然体験活動推進協議会","植物","トドマツ","とどまつ"," Sakhalin fir","より低地の樹木の大部分はエゾマツやトドマツ、モンゴリナラやハルニレといった落葉樹です。","Most of the trees at the lower levels are deciduous (leaf-bearing) species such as Ezo spruce, Sakhalin fir, Mongolian oak, and Japanese elm."]
[255,"北海道","（支笏洞爺国立公園）支笏洞爺国立公園支笏湖定山渓地区訪日外国人自然体験活動推進協議会","植物","モンゴリナラ","もんごりなら","Mongolian oak","より低地の樹木の大部分はエゾマツやトドマツ、モンゴリナラやハルニレといった落葉樹です。","Most of the trees at the lower levels are deciduous (leaf-bearing) species such as Ezo spruce, Sakhalin fir, Mongolian oak, and Japanese elm."]
[256,"北海道","（支笏洞爺国立公園）支笏洞爺国立公園支笏湖定山渓地区訪日外国人自然体験活動推進協議会","植物","ハルニレ","はるにれ","Japanese elm","より低地の樹木の大部分はエゾマツやトドマツ、モンゴリナラやハルニレといった落葉樹です。","Most of the trees at the lower levels are deciduous (leaf-bearing) species such as Ezo spruce, Sakhalin fir, Mongolian oak, and Japanese elm."]
[257,"北海道","（支笏洞爺国立公園）支笏洞爺国立公園支笏湖定山渓地区訪日外国人自然体験活動推進協議会","植物","シナノキ","しなのき","Japanese linden","この森にはハルニレやモンゴリナラ、シナノキなどの大きな広葉樹がたくさんあります。","This region is full of large, broadleaf trees such as Japanese elm, Mongolian oak, and Japanese linden, among others."]
[258,"北海道","（支笏洞爺国立公園）支笏洞爺国立公園支笏湖定山渓地区訪日外国人自然体験活動推進協議会","植物","苔","こけ","moss","この峡谷を唯一無二な存在としているのは、峡谷内には苔の生育に適した温度と湿度、そして日光の欠如が揃っており、そこには80種類もの苔が生えているという点です。","the unique aspect of this physical feature is that it has just the right temperature, humidity, and lack of sunlight to make it home to roughly eighty different varieties of moss."]
[259,"青森県","青森ねぶた祭実行委員会","芸能・興行・イベント","ねぶた","ねぶた","Nebuta","祭りに携わる地元の人や企業、またさまざまな団体にとって、これは何ヶ月にもおよぶ準備の集大成。祭りの日が近づくと、青森市全体が興奮の波に包まれます。ねぶた祭は仙台七夕まつり、秋田竿灯祭りと並んで、8月に開催される東北三大祭りのひとつ。","The focal points of the festival are floats called Nebuta. These giant creations that often depict a historical event or a scene from a Kabuki performance, are illuminated from within. The Nebuta floats are pushed by participants along a three-kilometer parade course before audiences of local residents and visitors from around the country."]
[260,"青森県","青森ねぶた祭実行委員会","芸能・興行・イベント","眠り流し","ねむりながし","Nemuri Nagashi","ねぶた祭の起源についてはよくわかっていないところもありますが、地域で行われていた眠り流しと呼ばれる伝統行事から発展したものと考えられています。これは子どもの健康を祈るための行事で、7月初めの数日間、木の葉やたいまつを持って夜間に外を練り歩き、疲労や夏の夜の眠気をそれらに移すことで体を清めます。木の葉は太陰暦でいう7月7日に川や海に流されます。日本では太陰暦が1872年まで使われていました。","The origins of the Nebuta Festival are not entirely clear, but it is thought to have developed from a local tradition called Nemuri Nagashi. This custom involved walking outside on a couple of nights in early July carrying leaves and lanterns, and cleansing one’s body of the fatigue and drowsiness of summer by passing those negative states onto these items. The leaves were then cast into rivers and the ocean on the seventh day of the seventh month of the lunar calendar (which was used in Japan until 1872)."]
[261,"青森県","青森ねぶた祭実行委員会","芸能・興行・イベント","ねぶた師","ねぶたし","Nebutashi","ねぶた師（ねぶた職人）は、ねぶたの山車を作る優れた職人のことです。","Nebutashi (Nebuta artisans) are the master craftspeople who create the Nebuta floats."]
[262,"青森県","青森ねぶた祭実行委員会","芸能・興行・イベント","扇子持ち","せんすもち","Sensumochi ","扇子持ち（山車）は、ねぶたの山車のスムーズかつダイナミックな動きをコントロールします。","The sensumochi (float conductor, literally “fan-holder”) is positioned at the front of a Nebuta float."]
[263,"青森県","青森ねぶた祭実行委員会","芸能・興行・イベント","曳き手","ひきて","Hikite","ねぶた祭りは、ねぶたの山車を中心に展開し、これは曳き手（山車の運び手）が動かしています。","The Nebuta Festival revolves around the Nebuta floats, which are moved by the hikite (float pullers) who are responsible for getting the show moving."]
[264,"青森県","青森ねぶた祭実行委員会","芸能・興行・イベント","囃子","はやし","Hayashi","お囃子または囃子方（伝統的な音楽のアンサンブル）は、音楽の提供を担っています。それぞれの山車の委員会は、50人から100人の演奏者と3種類の楽器から成るアンサンブルを抱えています。","The hayashi or hayashigata (traditional festival ensembles) each consist of 50–100 musicians and three types of instruments."]
[265,"青森県","青森ねぶた祭実行委員会","芸能・興行・イベント","正調囃子","せいちょうはやし","Seicho Hayashi","パレードを通じて主に2つのメロディが奏でられ、全てのお囃子が同じ曲を演奏します。これは1952年以降のことで、この当時、祭りの主催者は、実行委員会に個別に作曲した曲を競わせるのではなく、正調囃子として知られる共通のレパートリーを採用する決定をしたのでした。正調囃子は、元々は12のメロディで構成されていました。","Two main melodies are played throughout the parade, with all hayashi performing the same tunes. This has been the case since 1952, when the festival organizers decided to adopt a common repertoire, known as seicho hayashi, instead of letting the committees try to outdo each other with different compositions."]
[266,"青森県","青森ねぶた祭実行委員会","芸能・興行・イベント","跳人","はねと","Haneto","行列では跳人と呼ばれる踊り手が「ラッセーラー」のかけ声と共に踊りを披露し、行列を応援するとともに観客を盛り上げます。","Haneto (festival dancers) show off their moves and chant “Rassera! Rassera!” cheering on the pullers of the floats and rousing the excitement of the audience."]
[267,"青森県","青森ねぶた祭実行委員会","芸能・興行・イベント","ラッセラー","らっせらー","Rassera","ハネトは観衆の前を通り過ぎながら「ラッセラー」と囃し立てます。これは観衆に参加を促し、一緒に楽しもうと呼びかける意味があります。","The haneto pass by the crowds chanting “rassera,” which is an invitation to the audience to join in the fun."]
[268,"青森県","青森ねぶた祭実行委員会","芸能・興行・イベント","化人","ばけと","Baketo","バケトは古くからいるサーカスのピエロに似ています。メイクや、時として怖い扮装をするところもそっくりです。バケトには滑稽な出で立ちで観衆を楽しませる役目があります。","Baketo resemble old-fashioned circus clowns with their farcical and sometimes scary costumes. They serve the purpose of entertaining the audience with their amusing appearance, and can be seen clowning around in the moments after a Nebuta float has passed by and before the next one arrives."]
[269,"青森県","青森ねぶた祭実行委員会","芸能・興行・イベント","前ねぶた","まえねぶた","mae-nebuta","前ねぶたは隊列の先頭を行くねぶたです。大型の山車は22基ありますが、それぞれの前を行く小型の山車を指します。","Mae-Nebuta, or lead Nebuta, are smaller floats that parade in front of each of the 22 large Nebuta floats"]
[270,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園協議会","山岳","岩手山","いわてさん","Mt. Iwate","岩手山には、多種の日本でよく見られる動物に加え、現在絶滅の危機に瀕している希少な種も生息しています。動物たちにはそれぞれ生息域があり、これらの生息域はその地域の標高によって異なる植生から見分けることができます。","Mt. Iwate is home to many common Japanese animals, as well as some rarer species currently threatened with extinction, in distinct habitats, identifiable by the vegetation found at different elevation zones."]
[271,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園協議会","岩石・洞窟","焼走り溶岩流","やけはしりようがんりゅう","Yakehashiri Lava Flow ","焼走り溶岩流は、岩手山の険しい火口部の最高峰である薬師岳の北東側を覆っています。国の特別天然記念物に指定されているこの溶岩流は、1732年に起こった火山の噴火によって発生しました。","The Yakehashiri Lava Flow covers the northeast side of Mt. Yakushidake, the highest peak on Mt. Iwate’s jagged crater. Designated a Special Natural Monument by the Japanese government, the lava flow is the result of a volcanic eruption that occurred in 1732. "]
[272,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園協議会","植物","地衣類","ちいるい","Lichens","地衣類は、菌類と藻類の共生関係によって発生する複合体です。菌類は藻類にすみかを与え、藻類は菌類に光合成によって生成した栄養を供給します。","Lichens are composite organisms that result from a symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae. The fungi provide shelter for the algae, while algae provide the fungi with nutrients produced through photosynthesis."]
[273,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園協議会","植物","コマクサ","こまくさ","komakusa dicentra","登山中、小さなハートの形をしたピンク色のコマクサの花（種の状態から花を咲かせるまでに10年を費やす高山植物）と、岩手県ではこの山にしか生育していない青紫色のイワギキョウを見かけるでしょう。","Hikers will come across the tiny pink heart-shaped blossoms of komakusa dicentra—an alpine plant that takes ten years to go from seed to flower, and violet-blue mountain harebells which, in Iwate Prefecture, can only be found on these slopes. "]
[274,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園協議会","植物","ネバリノギラン","ねばりのぎらん","nebarinogiran","ソクシンラン属の一種でたくさんの小さなサナギのような穂をつけるネバリノギランを探してみましょう。日本の固有種であるネバリノギランは、八幡平地域で一般的にみられます。","Keep an eye out for nebarinogiran, a variety of aletris with many small, cocoon-like flowers growing on each stem. Native to Japan, it can commonly be found in the Hachimantai region."]
[275,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園協議会","岩石・洞窟","鬼ヶ城","おにがじょう","Onigajo/\"demon's castle\"","目立つ西岩手カルデラの南側の険しい尾根は、特に印象的な岩の形で知られ、鬼ヶ城という名前を授かっています。","The rugged southern ridge of the prominent western Nishi-Iwate caldera is distinguished by particularly dramatic rock formations that have earned it the name Onigajo, or “demon’s castle.” "]
[276,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園協議会","自然現象","柱状節理","ちゅうじょうせつり","columnar jointing","遠い過去の火山活動の証跡を示す葛根田渓谷に立ち並ぶ岩の柱は、柱状節理として知られる現象です。これらの六角形の柱は、溶岩が冷却・凝固する間に、硬化する溶岩が収縮して亀裂が生じることで形成されます。","Testimony to volcanic activity long ago, the rock pillars found along the Kakkonda Gorge are phenomena known as columnar jointing. These six-sided pillars form during the cooling and solidification of lava, when hardening lava contracts and cracks. "]
[277,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園協議会","自然現象","地熱","ちねつ","geothermal energy","火山活動はしばしば破壊をもたらしますが、地熱や温泉を生みだすなど有益にもなり得ます。","Volcanic activity is often destructive, but it can have benefits, including creating geothermal energy and hot springs."]
[278,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園協議会","岩石・洞窟","スコリア","すこりあ","scoria","岩手山の地面を覆っている色相の異なる粗い砂はスコリアと呼ばれます。このスコリアは、岩手山で噴火が繰り返されたことを物語っています。","The different hues of the gritty sand called scoria, which covers the ground of Mt. Iwate, tell the story of the mountain’s repeated eruptions. "]
[279,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園協議会","河川・渓谷","大地獄谷","おおじごくだに","Ojigokudani","黒倉山のすぐ下にある西岩手カルデラの内部に位置する大地獄谷は、２メートルの高さに噴き上がる硫黄ガスの噴気孔です。噴気孔は、ガスと蒸気が出てくる地面の開口部です。","Ojigokudani, located inside the main western Nishi-Iwate caldera just below Mt. Kurokurayama, is a 2-meter high sulfur fumarole—that is, an opening in the Earth’s crust where gas and steam escape. "]
[280,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園協議会","温泉","網張温泉","あみはりおんせん","Amihari Onsen hot springs","岩手で最も古いと言われる網張温泉は、８世紀初期という遠い昔に発見されたとされています。岩手山の南麓の標高750メートルに位置するこの温泉の湯は、犬倉山という近くの火山の地熱で温められています。江戸時代（1603–1868）の間、雫石川地域の山神の信奉者たちは、人々にこの温泉での入浴を禁じており、この地域は網で閉じられていました。「網」は「net」を、「張」は「stretch」を意味する網張温泉の名前は、このことに由来しています。","The Amihari Onsen hot springs, said to be the oldest in Iwate, are thought to have been discovered long ago in the early eighth century. Located at the southern foot of Mt. Iwate at an elevation of 750 meters, the waters draw their heat from the nearby volcano Mt. Inukurayama. During the Edo period (1603–1868), worshippers of a mountain deity in the Shizukuishi River area forbade people to bathe in the hot springs, and the area was closed off with a net. This gave rise to the hot spring’s name: “ami” means “net” and “hari” means “stretch.”"]
[281,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園協議会","山岳","八甲田","はっこうだ","Hakkoda","八甲田は、一つの山の名前ではなく、 およそ二十の山を擁する広い火山地域の総称です。八甲田山系には、北部八甲田山系の八甲田大岳 (別称大岳)、田茂萢岳、赤倉岳、小岳、高田大岳、そして南部八甲田山系の櫛ヶ峯、駒ヶ峯、乗鞍岳が含まれます。","Hakkoda is not the name of a single mountain, but rather a collective term for a larger volcanic area that encompasses approximately 20 peaks, including Mt. Hakkoda Odake (also known as Mt. Odake), Mt. Tamoyachidake, Mt. Akakuradake, Mt. Kodake, and Mt. Takada Odake in the northern Hakkoda mountain range, as well as Mt. Kushigamine, Mt. Komagamine, and Mt. Norikuradake in the southern Hakkoda mountain range."]
[282,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園協議会","湖沼","地獄沼","じごくぬま","Jigoku-numa/\"Hell Swamp\"","酸ヶ湯温泉から歩いてわずか10分のところに、底なし沼とも呼ばれる地獄沼があります。これは13世紀から17世紀にかけての一連の噴火の遺物です。現在でも、沼に湧き出る強酸性の湯は90℃にも達します。そのため、この沼は安全な距離から眺めるのが一番です。 ","Just a 10-minute walk from Sukayu Onsen you will find Jigoku-numa (“Hell Swamp”) Pond, also known as Sokonashi-numa (“Bottomless Swamp”) Pond. This is a remnant of a series of eruptions spanning the thirteenth to seventeenth century. Even now, the highly acidic water gushing up into the pond reaches a piping-hot 90°C, so the best way to view this body of water is from a safe distance. "]
[283,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園協議会","山岳","南部八甲田山系","みなみぶはっこうださんけい","southern Hakkoda mountains","東北地域屈指の雄大な自然を擁する南部八甲田山系は、挑戦を求める経験豊富な登山者に向いている比較的未踏の場所です。","Home to some of northeastern Japan’s most magnificent wilderness, the southern Hakkoda mountains are a pristine, relatively unexplored gem for experienced hikers up for a challenge."]
[284,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園協議会","温泉","松川温泉","まつかわおんせん","Matsukawa Onsen","松川温泉は江戸時代（1603-1867）中頃から愛され続けている温泉地です。ここは、日本で最初の地熱発電所が建設された場所でもあります。","Matsukawa Onsen has been a beloved hot-spring resort since the middle of the Edo period (1603–1868). It is also the site of Japan’s first geothermal power plant. "]
[285,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園協議会","湖沼","赤沼","あかぬま","Akanuma Pond","赤沼の別名が示すように、赤沼の水は一年を通して季節の移り変わりに伴い五回色を変えます。沼の色は夏の間にくぐもった青からブリリアント・ブルー、さらにターコイズに変わります。秋になるとくぐもった青に戻り、冬と春には褐色になります。","As its alternate name suggests, the water of Akanuma Pond changes color five times as the seasons shift over the year. It goes from cloudy blue to brilliant blue, then turquoise, over the course of the summer. In fall it returns to a cloudy blue, and then shifts to brown in winter and spring."]
[286,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園協議会","温泉","紺屋地獄","こんやじごく","Kon-ya Jigoku/\"Dyer's-Vat Hell\"","日本は、地獄と名のついた湯気が立ちのぼる火山の谷あいや湿地であふれています。この紺屋地獄という紺屋の染物桶のような形の湯気の立つ泥の沼は、94℃の熱湯です。 ","Japan is full of steaming volcanic valleys and marshlands called jigoku, or “hells.” The Kon-ya Jigoku, a steaming pond of mud that is shaped like a kon-ya, or dyer’s, vat, is a blistering 94°C."]
[287,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園協議会","自然現象","大泥火山","だいでいかざん","Daideikazan","大泥火山は日本で一番大きな泥火山で、1917年から1918年にかけて形成されて以来大きくなりつづけています。泥の深さは８メートルで、噴出物の温度はおよそ94.5℃です。","Daideikazan is the largest mud volcano in Japan, growing steadily in size since its formation in 1917–1918. The mud is 8 meters deep, and the ejected material reaches approximately 94.5°C."]
[288,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園協議会","自然現象","噴気孔","ふんきこう","fumaroles","硫化ガスの大部分は噴気孔（高温のガスと蒸気が出てくる穴）から排出されています。","The majority of the sulfuric gas is emitted by fumaroles—holes from which hot gases and vapors escape. "]
[289,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園協議会","湖沼","鏡沼/八幡平ドラゴンアイ","かがみぬま/はちまんたいどらごんあい","Kagaminuma Pond/\"Hachimantai Dragon Eye\"","近くにある鏡沼は、晩春に起こる自然現象にちなんで八幡平ドラゴンアイというニックネームがつけられています。沼のふちの雪が溶けて沼の輪郭が開くにつれ、残っている氷の中心も溶け始めます。上から見ると、沼は巨大な目のように見えます。","Nearby Kagaminuma Pond is nicknamed “Hachimantai Dragon Eye” because of a natural phenomenon that occurs in late spring. As the edges of the pond thaw, opening a ring of water, the center of the remaining ice also begins to melt. When seen from above, the pond resembles a giant eye. "]
[290,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園協議会","その他","東北日本弧","とうほくにほんこ","northeastern Japan arc of active volcanoes","八幡平地域には、焼山を含む四つの活火山があります。これらの火山は、東北地方の背骨を形作る山岳地形の一部であり、また、活火山が連なる東北日本弧の一部でもあります。","The Hachimantai area has some four active volcanoes, including Mt. Yakeyama. These volcanoes are part of the mountainous terrain that forms the backbone of Japan’s northeastern Tohoku region; they are also a segment of the northeastern Japan arc of active volcanoes."]
[291,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園協議会","温泉","玉川温泉","たまがわおんせん"," Tamagawa Onsen hot spring","玉川温泉は毎分9,000リットルという日本一の温泉水の湧出量を誇ります。また、pH 1.2の湯を持つ国内で最も強酸性の温泉でもあります。","The Tamagawa Onsen hot spring boasts Japan’s highest output of hot spring water, at 9,000 liters per minute. Its pH of 1.2 also makes it the hot spring with the highest acidity level in the country. "]
[292,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園協議会","温泉","湯の花","ゆのはな","yu-no-hana/\"hot water flowers\"","玉川温泉の湯は湯川を下るにつれて冷やされ、水中に溶けていた成分が固化し、北投石、硫黄、ケイ酸、重晶石などのさまざまな沈殿物になります。沈殿物は、「湯の花」と呼ばれる微細な結晶と非晶質固体を形成し、バスソルトとして使用するために収穫されます。","The waters of Tamagawa Onsen become cooler as they mingle with the Yugawa river water, and the compounds previously dissolved in the hot-spring waters solidify into various precipitates, including hokutolite, sulfur, silicic acid, and barite. The precipitates form minute crystals and amorphous solids called yu-no-hana or “hot water flowers” that are harvested for use as bath additives."]
[293,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園協議会","温泉","硫化水素","りゅうかすいそ","hydrogen sulfide","低濃度であっても、硫化水素は「腐った卵」の臭いがします。しかし、臭気が非常に強い場合は、硫化水素の濃度が危険なほど高くなっていることを示しています。","Even at low concentrations, hydrogen sulfide has a distinctive “rotten egg” smell. An exceptionally strong odor is a sign that hydrogen sulfide levels are becoming dangerously high. "]
[294,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園協議会","建造物等","一軒宿","いっけんやど","ikken yado","近代的なホテルの浴場から、人里離れた小さな一軒宿のお風呂まで、アルパこまくさ周辺の地域にはどんな好みにも合うさまざまな温泉があります。","From the baths at modern hotels to those at small ikken yado guesthouses nestled in secluded spots, the area around Arupa Komakusa offers a variety of hot springs to suit all tastes. "]
[295,"青森県・秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所","動物","二ホンカモシカ","にほんかもしか","Japanese serow","私の名前はニホンカモシカです。ヤギに似た哺乳類で、絶滅危惧種に指定されています。","I am a Japanese serow, (Capricornis crispus) an endangered goat-like mammal. ","※解説文において初出の場合のみ、Japaneseを付与し、2回目以降はthe serowで問題ありません。また、Japanese serow (Capricornis crispus) のように学名を付与すると、旅行者にとってより親切な表現となります。"]
[296,"青森県・秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所","動物","コゲラ","こげら","Japanese pygmy woodpecker (kogera)","コゲラの巣は、コガラ、シジュウカラやその他の小鳥たちに再利用されます。","Japanese pygmy woodpecker (kogera) nests are reused by other small birds, such as the Japanese tit and willow tit. "]
[297,"青森県・秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所","植物","テンナンショウ","てんなんしょう","Jack-in-the-pulpit","テンナンショウはサトイモ科の一種です。雌雄異株なので、雄株と雌株に分かれて育ちます。","Jack-in-the-pulpits are members of the Araceae family of plants and are dioecious, meaning that there are separate male and female plants. "]
[298,"青森県・秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所","植物","ホオノキ","ほおのき","Japanese bigleaf magnolia (honoki) ","春が来ると、ホオノキは芳しい香りを放つ大きな花を咲かせます。めしべは花の中心にあり、らせん状に生えたおしべに囲われています。","In spring, the Japanese bigleaf magnolia (honoki) produces large, fragrant blossoms. The pistils are located in the center of the flower, surrounded by several whorls of stamens."]
[299,"青森県・秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所","植物","アオキ","あおき","Japanese aucuba (aoki)","ヒメアオキは北国の気候に順応した、アオキの一種です。","Aucuba japonica var. borealis is a variety of Japanese aucuba shrub (aoki) that has adapted to a northern climate."]
[300,"青森県・秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所","植物","ブナ","ぶな","Japanese beech","湖の大部分をブナの自然林が囲んでいますが、御倉半島、中山半島にはミズナラが自生しています。","A natural Japanese beech forest surrounds most of the lake, and there are native Japanese oaks on the Ogura and Nakayama peninsulas."]
[301,"青森県・秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所","温泉","温泉","おんせん","hot spring (onsen) ","火山からの噴煙が斜面をゆっくりと漂い、沸き立つ泥水が地面から顔を出し、うっそうとした森や火山からは温泉が吹き上げています。","Volcanic fumes drift lazily across the slopes; and bubbling mud seeps and hot spring (onsen) fountains punctuate the dense forests and volcanoes.","※観光庁『観光立国実現に向けた多言語対応の改善・強化のためのガイドライン』では「Onsen」を推奨していますが、火山帯による天然由来の温泉を強調するために、「hot spring (onsen)」を使用。"]
[302,"青森県・秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所","植物","キタゴヨウ","きたごよう","Northern Japanese white pine (kitagoyo)","この地域に生い茂るのは落葉樹ですが、中山半島や御倉半島など十和田湖周辺の岩場には、ゴヨウマツの変種にあたるキタゴヨウが自生しています。","Although this region is heavily covered in deciduous vegetation, the rocky areas around Lake Towada—including the Nakayama Peninsula and the Ogura Peninsula—are home to a northern variety of the Japanese white pine tree (kitagoyo). "]
[303,"青森県・秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所","植物","杉","すぎ","Japanese cedar (sugi)","スギが立ち並ぶ参道は十和田神社まで続きます。","This avenue of Japanese cedars (Cryptomeria japonica, or sugi) forms the sando, the approach leading to Towada Shrine."]
[304,"青森県・秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","参道","さんどう","sando\n","スギが立ち並ぶ参道は十和田神社まで続きます。","This avenue of Japanese cedars (Cryptomeria japonica, or sugi) forms the sando, the approach leading to Towada Shrine.","※「Sando」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「The approach」も使用することも可能。"]
[305,"青森県・秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神","かみ","kami (deities)\n","十和田神社は東北地方で広く信仰される龍神信仰の象徴です。","Towada Shrine is the center of Towada spiritualism, a belief system common in the Tohoku region of northeast Japan. The worship of dragon kami (deities) is key to Towada belief. ","※「kami (gods)」の使用も可能。"]
[306,"青森県・秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","龍神","りゅうじん","dragon kami","十和田神社は東北地方で広く信仰される龍神信仰の象徴です。","Towada Shrine is the center of Towada spiritualism, a belief system common in the Tohoku region of northeast Japan. The worship of dragon kami (deities) is key to Towada belief. "]
[307,"青森県・秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","熊野三山","くまのさんざん","Kumano Sanzan","地元の言い伝えによると、熊野三山の修行僧であった南祖坊（なんそのぼう）が、十和田湖の守り神である龍女を脅かす八頭の大蛇と戦いました。","According to local legend, Nansonobo, a devotee of the Kumano Sanzan Three Grand Shrines of Kumano, fought against a monstrous serpent with eight heads which was threatening the guardian goddess of Lake Towada."]
[308,"青森県・秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","おより紙","およりがみ","oyorigami","米を白紙にひねったものや、宮司が祈念をこらした「おより紙」を湖に投げ入れ、神様に祈りを捧げることができます。","By throwing white rice wrapped in white paper, or “oyorigami”—paper blessed by priests from the shrine—into the lake, you can make a wish to the deities."]
[309,"青森県・秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所","人物・人名・役職名","坂上田村麻呂","さかのうえたむらまろ","Sakanoue no Tamuramaro","1つ目の説によると、伝説上の人物である第12代景行天皇（71年～130年）の皇子・ヤマトタケルノミコトを祀るため、807年に武官の坂上田村麻呂が神社を建立しました。","In the first version, the shrine was built in 807 by the military commander Sakanoue no Tamuramaro to enshrine Yamato Takeru no Mikoto, son of the legendary 12th Emperor of Japan, Emperor Keiko (71–130)."]
[310,"青森県・秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所","人物・人名・役職名","ヤマトタケルノミコト","やまとたけるのみこと","Yamato Takeru no Mikoto","1つ目の説によると、伝説上の人物である第12代景行天皇（71年～130年）の皇子・ヤマトタケルノミコトを祀るため、807年に武官の坂上田村麻呂が神社を建立しました。","In the first version, the shrine was built in 807 by the military commander Sakanoue no Tamuramaro to enshrine Yamato Takeru no Mikoto, son of the legendary 12th Emperor of Japan, Emperor Keiko (71–130)."]
[311,"青森県・秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神道","しんとう","Shinto","神仏習合による融合が図られていた神道と仏教ですが、明治時代（1868年～1912年）に入ると新政府が寺と神社の分離を命じます。","Shinto and Buddhism were fused until the Meiji Period (1868–1912), when the government ordered the separation of temples and shrines. "]
[312,"青森県・秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","鳥居","とりい","torii gate","道中6つの鳥居をくぐりますが、それぞれがかつて火口であった場所を示しています。","There are six torii gates on the route, each marking an inactive volcanic vent.","※「torii」でも問題ありません。"]
[313,"青森県・秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","風ノ神","かぜのかみ","god of wind","風の神は罪やけがれを吹き払い、台風から人々を守ってくれます。","The god of wind blows away sins and impurities, and also protects people from typhoons. "]
[314,"青森県・秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","火ノ神","ひのかみ","god of fire","火の神は鍛冶、陶業、火除けの神です。台所の火事を防いでくれることから、家財を守る神としても知られます。","The god of fire protects blacksmiths, pottery, and fireproofing. As this god prevents kitchen fires, it is also known to protect household items."]
[315,"青森県・秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","山ノ神","やまのかみ","god of mountains","山の神は水と水田の神でもあります。山々から流れ落ちる水が麓の水田を潤しているからです。狩猟者の神としても知られます。","The god of mountains is also the god of water and rice paddies, as water cascades down from mountains to nourish the rice fields below. This god is also known for protecting hunters."]
[316,"青森県・秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","金ノ神","きんのかみ","god of gold","金の神は採掘や鉱業、金属加工や販売業、近年では金運の神としても知られています。","The god of gold protects mining, ore manufacturing, as well as metal processing and sales. More recently, it is also considered a god of wealth."]
[317,"青森県・秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","天ノ岩戸","あまのいわと","god of enormous strength","天ノ岩戸は決定的な勝利を追う者の味方です。","The god of enormous strength is especially helpful for those seeking a decisive victory."]
[318,"青森県・秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","日ノ神","にちのかみ","Sun Goddess","日の神は幸運、繁栄、開運そして平和をもたらす神です。","The sun goddess bestows happiness, prosperity, luck, and peace. "]
[319,"青森県・秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所","工芸・美術品","乙女の像","おとめのぞう","Statue of Maidens","黒御影石の台座に立つ銅像は乙女の像です。近代日本を代表する彫刻家であり、詩人でもある高村光太朗（1883年～1956年）が1953年に制作しました。","The Statue of Maidens, cast in bronze and set on a block of black granite, was crafted in 1953 by Takamura Kotaro (1883–1956), one of modern Japan’s most prominent sculptors and literary figures."]
[320,"青森県・秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所","史跡","自籠岩","じごもりいわ","Jigomori Rock","道標もない山道を30分以上歩くと自籠岩に至ります。金属製の梯子や岩を伝って頂上まで登ると、十和田湖の壮大な景色が目前に広がります。","To reach Jigomori Rock you will need to follow an unmarked mountain trail for over 30 minutes. Once there, you will find a series of metal ladders and rocks to climb to the summit, which offers spectacular panoramic views of Lake Towada. "]
[321,"青森県・秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所","史跡","占場","うらないば","Uranai-ba","十和田湖周辺でも特に神聖な場所として知られる占場では、変わった方法で運勢を占うことができます。","Known as one of Lake Towada’s most spiritual spots, Uranai-ba is where you can have your fortune told in a novel way. "]
[322,"青森県・秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神泉苑","しんせんえん","Shinsen-en Garden","十和田神社から急階段を登った先に神泉苑があります。周りから隔絶された神泉苑には、占場や小さな社殿の数々が佇んでいます。","The Shinsen-en Garden is a secluded area connected to Towada Shrine by a steep, stair-lined path. It includes the Uranai-ba divination spot and various other smaller shrines."]
[323,"青森県・秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","十和田青龍権現社","とわだせいりゅうごんげんしゃ","Towada-Seiryu-Gongensha","十和田青龍権現社は十和田湖を護る水の神、青龍大権現を祀っています。","The Towada-Seiryu-Gongensha Shrine is dedicated to the blue dragon water deity which protects Lake Towada. "]
[324,"青森県・秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所","山岳","成層火山","せいそうかざん","stratovolcano","十和田火山が活発化し噴火して、溶岩を噴出し火山灰をまき散らし、円すい火山を形成しました。溶岩と灰の地層が交互に重なったこのような地形を成層火山と呼びます。","The Towada volcano was formed and erupted molten lava and ash, creating a conical volcano. This formation of alternate layers of ash and lava is called a stratovolcano. "]
[325,"青森県・秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所","岩石・洞窟","軽石","かるいし","pumice","大規模な噴火が起こり、火山は無数の軽石を噴出しました。","A major eruption occurred in which the volcano spewed enormous amounts of pumice. "]
[326,"青森県・秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所","河川・渓谷","奥入瀬渓谷","おいらせけいこく","Oirase Gorge","水位が上がって湖岸の侵食が続き、湖の周縁の壁が決壊して、奥入瀬渓谷が誕生しました。","The shore of the lake continued to erode as the volume of water increased, eventually breaching the rim wall and creating the Oirase Gorge. ","※「奥入瀬川」と、川として表記する場合は「Oirase River」という表現が適切です。"]
[327,"青森県・秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所","動物","アメマス","あめます","white-spotted char","十和田湖を取り囲む斜面からはほとんど栄養素が流れ込んでこないので、生息できるプランクトンの数は限られています。よって湖に自生する魚の種類も限られていますが、アメマス、ヒメマス、コイなど、複数の品種が移入されています。","Towada Lake receives very little nutrients from the surrounding slopes, and thus supports very little plankton. Only a limited number of fish species are native to the lake, but several species were introduced, including white-spotted char, himemasu salmon, and carp. "]
[328,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","毛越寺","もうつうじ","Mōtsūji","毛越寺は慈覚大師円仁(794-864)により850年に創建されたと言われています。","According to legend, Mōtsūji was founded in 850 by the Buddhist priest Ennin (794–864, posthumously known as Jikaku Daishi)."]
[329,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","書物","吾妻鏡","あずまかがみ","Azuma Kagami","「吾妻鏡」として知られる13世紀の日本史料によると、毛越寺はその地域において最も素晴らしい寺院であり、当時の首都京都にあるいくつかの寺院にも匹敵するとまで言われました。","A thirteenth century Japanese historical record known as the Azuma Kagami claimed that Mōtsū-ji's ‘magnificence was unparalleled in all the land.’ "]
[330,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","天台宗","てんだいしゅう","Tendai school","仏教の天台宗の中で高い地位を占めた僧で彼は日本の東北地方巡業の際に多くの寺院を創建しました。","A high-ranking priest of the Tendai school, Ennin is said to have established many temples during his travels in the Tohoku region of northern Honshu. "]
[331,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","山岳","金鶏山","きんけいざん","Mt. Kinkei","金鶏山は多くの寺院にとって、そして12世紀の平泉の都市計画において、ランドマークであり、中心的な位置を占めています。","Mt. Kinkei, was a landmark and focal point for many of the temples in Hiraizumi during the twelfth century. "]
[332,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","経筒","きょうづつ","sutra container","考古学者たちは、山頂に経塚があり、経筒が埋められていることを確認しているが、黄金の鶏の証拠は発見されていません。","Archaeologists have confirmed the presence of the sutra mound and sutra containers buried on the mountain, but no evidence of the golden birds has been discovered. "]
[333,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","無量光院","むりょうこういん","Muryōkōin","平泉の最も重要な3つの仏教寺院と浄土式庭園、すなわち毛越寺、観自在王院、無量光院もまた、金鶏山へと連なる軸に沿って建設されました。","Mt. Kinkei is at the center of three of Hiraizumi’s most significant Buddhist temples and Pure Land garden sites: Mōtsūji, Kanjizaiōin, and Muryōkōin."]
[334,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","庭園・公園","浄土式庭園","じょうどしきていえん","Pure Land garden sites","平泉の最も重要な3つの仏教寺院と浄土式庭園、すなわち毛越寺、観自在王院、無量光院もまた、金鶏山へと連なる軸に沿って建設されました。","Mt. Kinkei is at the center of three of Hiraizumi’s most significant Buddhist temples and Pure Land garden sites: Mōtsūji, Kanjizaiōin, and Muryōkōin."]
[335,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","松尾芭蕉","まつおばしょう","Matsuo Bashō","金鶏山は、俳諧師の松尾芭蕉（1644–1694）が北日本を旅した際にもまた注目を集めました。","Mt. Kinkei drew the attention of the poet Matsuo Bashō (1644–1694) during his travels in northern Japan. "]
[336,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","書物","奥の細道","おくのほそみち","Oku no hosomichi ","「奥の細道」と題された旅行記で、彼は平泉の失われた栄光について深く思慮し、金鶏山はその過ぎ去った時代の唯一の名残であると書き残しました。","In his record of that journey entitled Oku no hosomichi  (The Narrow Road to the Deep North), he pondered the lost glory of Hiraizumi, and noted how Mt. Kinkei was the only remnant of that bygone era. "]
[337,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","山岳","束稲山","たばしねやま","Mt. Tabashine","束稲山（別称：さくら山と東山）は平泉から流れる北上川の東側の高さ594メートルの山です。","Mt. Tabashine (595 meters) is on the east side of the Kitakami River across from Hiraizumi."]
[338,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","西行法師","さいぎょうほうし","Saigyō Hōshi\n","僧侶歌人西行法師(1118-1190)が桜を見つけた時、彼が日本の最も著名な桜の名所奈良県の吉野と対抗しうるとしたと伝わっている。","The poet Saigyō Hōshi (1118–1190) visited Hiraizumi twice. When he witnessed the blossoms, he compared them to Yoshino in Nara Prefecture, home to Japan’s most famous expanse of cherry trees."]
[339,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","お盆","おぼん","Bon Festival","お盆とはこの日に死者がこの世に戻ってくると信じられている仏教の行事で、この火はあの世に霊が戻っていく際の送り出しとして灯されます。","This “Daimonji” (“large character”) is illuminated with bonfires on the last day of the summer Bon Festival, the annual Buddhist observance in which the souls of the dead are believed to temporarily return to this world."]
[340,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","高館","たかだち","Takadachi ","高館は衣川と北見川を広範囲に、束稲山（別称：さくら山と東山）を東に見ることができる山の尾根です。","Takadachi is a ridge with a sweeping view of the Koromo and Kitakami rivers and Mt. Tabashine to the east. "]
[341,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","源義経","みなもとのよしつね","Minamoto no Yoshitsune","日本で最も著名な侍である源義経の旧家屋、そして彼が命を絶った場所として知られています。"," It is known as a former residence of Minamoto no Yoshitsune (1159–1189), perhaps Japan’s most famous samurai, and the place where he met his fate. "]
[342,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","社会","源平合戦","げんぺいがっせん","Genpei War","義経は優れた武士に成長し、後の源平合戦(1180-1185)の勝利を導くまでとなった。","Yoshitsune, both an accomplished warrior and a skilled military tactician, later helped lead the Minamoto clan to victory against the Taira clan in the Genpei War (1180–1185). "]
[343,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","常行堂","じょうぎょうどう","Jōgyōdō Hall","常行堂は南に、法華堂は北側にありました。","The Jōgyōdō Hall was to the south and the Hokkedō to the north."]
[344,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","法華堂","ほっけどう","Hokkedō Hall","発掘調査では、法華堂の礎石だけが発見されました。","Only foundation stones from the Hokkedō Hall can still be seen here in their original formation."]
[345,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","三昧","ざんまい","zanmai","常行堂では天台宗独特の「三昧」と呼ばれる瞑想を行いました。","Priests practiced a specific Tendai ritual called jōgyōdō-zanmai in the Jōgyōdō Hall. "]
[346,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","観自在王院","かんじざいおういん","Kanjizaiōin temple","平泉を支配した藤原氏の2代目の当主である藤原基衡（1105〜1157年）の妻が12世紀に観自在王院の建設を命じました。","The wife of Fujiwara Motohira (1105–1157), the second lord to rule over Hiraizumi, commissioned Kanjizaiōin temple in the twelfth century."]
[347,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","湖沼","舞鶴が池","まいづるがいけ","Dancing Crane Pond (Maizuru ga Ike)","庭園の中央にある楕円形の池は踊る鶴の池（舞鶴が池）と呼ばれており、当初の大きさと形をとどめています。","The pond at the center of the garden is known as the Dancing Crane Pond (Maizuru ga Ike) and was repaired to restore it to its original form and dimensions."]
[348,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","極楽","ごくらく","Buddhist paradise","庭園そのものは、仏教における楽園（極楽）を地上に再現することを目的とした浄土式庭園の代表的な例とされています。","The garden itself is considered to be a representative example of a Pure Land-style garden that was meant to simulate a Buddhist paradise. "]
[349,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","鐘楼","しょうろう"," Bell tower","鐘楼は、日本中の仏教寺院の共通の特徴です。","Bell tower are a common feature of Buddhist temples throughout Japan."]
[350,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","地蔵菩薩","じぞうぼさつ","bodhisattva Jizō","シンプルな衣をまとった僧侶の姿で表現される地蔵菩薩の像は日本中どこでもよく見られるものです。","Statues of the bodhisattva Jizō are common, often seen in the form of a monk with a shaved head and wearing simple robes. "]
[351,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","庭園・公園","築山","つきやま","tsukiyama","様々な大きさの岩を特別に組み合わせてつくった「人工の山」（築山）は、毛越寺の浄土式庭園の調和とデザインにおいて不可欠な要素となっています。","Rocks of various sizes specially arranged into a “constructed mountain” (tsukiyama), are an element of the harmony and design of Mōtsūji Temple’s Pure Land-style garden. "]
[352,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","書物","作庭記","さくていき","Treatise on Garden Making (Sakuteiki)","この岩石の構造物は、日本最古の、そして最も重要視されている庭づくりのマニュアルである11世紀の『作庭記』に記載されている石庭（枯山水）のテクニックを用いています。","The formation uses a rock gardening technique described in the “Treatise on Garden Making” (Sakuteiki),one of Japan’s oldest garden manuals from the eleventh century."]
[353,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","平等院","びょうどういん","Byōdōin","この鐘の様式は、京都の平等院にあるものと似通っています。","The style of this bell is similar to one hanging at Byōdōin, a Buddhist temple in Uji, near Kyoto."]
[354,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","乗物","牛車","ぎっしゃ","ox-cart","12世紀、この門は土壁の東側に立っており、当時の貴族たちが使っていた牛車は、この通りをよく通っていて、牛車専用の駐車場もありました。","During the twelfth century, the gate stood along the eastern side of an earthen-walled enclosure, and led out to a wide, open area where a roofed structure for the ox-carts often used by aristocrats was located. "]
[355,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","湖沼","大泉が池","おおいずみがいけ"," Great Spring Pond (Ōizumi ga Ike)","大泉が池の浅い水はその南東の縁に沿って満ち引きし、小さな石は水に隠れたり、また現れたりします。","As the shallow waters of the Great Spring Pond (Ōizumi ga Ike) ripple along its southeastern edge, the small stones are hidden and revealed, and the ocean is created in microcosm. "]
[356,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","湖沼","洲浜","すはま","beach","緩やかに湾曲した洲浜は、大泉が池の他のセクションに見られるドラマチックで角張った岩とは対照的です。","The gently curving beach stands in contrast to the dramatic and angular rocks found in other sections of the Great Spring Pond."]
[357,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","平等院鳳凰堂","びょうどういんほうおうどう","Phoenix Hall (Hōōdō) at Byōdōin Temple","無量光院は京都にある有名な仏教寺院である平等院鳳凰堂を直接のモデルとしてつくられたが、このようなタイルがあるのは無量光院だけです。","While the temple was modeled directly after another famous Buddhist temple near Kyoto, the Phoenix Hall (Hōōdō) at Byōdōin Temple, the latter does not possess this tile feature. "]
[358,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","能楽殿","のうがくでん","noh stage","舞台裏の壁に描かれた松の木は、すべての能舞台の典型的特徴です。","The pine tree painted on the back wall of the stage is typical of all noh stages."]
[359,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","世阿弥","ぜあみ","Zeami","能は、14世紀から上演されており、最初は観阿弥清次（1333–1384）と息子の世阿弥元清(c. 1363–c. 1443)によって開発されました。","Noh has been performed since the fourteenth century and was initially developed by the actor Kan’ami Kiyotsugu (1333–1384) and his son Zeami Motokiyo (c. 1363–c. 1443). "]
[360,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","能","のう","noh","お面と衣装、大変洗練された動きを使い、伝統的な物語に基づいた演劇と舞いによっておこなわれる能の舞台です。","This is a stage for noh, a form of drama and dance that uses masks, costumes, and highly stylized movements and is based on traditional stories."]
[361,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","白山神社","はくさんじんじゃ","Hakusan Jinja Shrine","白山神社は菊理媛神に加えて神道神話において日本列島を作った神であるイザナギとイザナミを祀っています。","Hakusan Jinja Shrine is dedicated to Izanagi and Izanami, gods who gave birth to the islands of Japan in Shinto mythology, as well as to the goddess Kukurihime no Kami. "]
[362,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","茅の輪","ちのわ","chinowa","この茅の輪という編まれた草の茎でできた輪は縁起が良いとされています。学者の中には茅の輪が産道を示しており、そこを通ったものは清められ、象徴的に生まれ変わると信じている者もいます。","Large rings of interwoven grasses (chinowa) are regarded as auspicious and are thought to cleanse evil and impurities from those who pass through them."]
[363,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","紋章等 ","磐前村印","いわさきむらいん","Iwasaki Village Seal","印章には「磐前村（いわさきむら）印」という名前が刻まれています。この文字を別の読み方をすると、村の名前は「いわがさき」とも読めます。","The seal bears the name “Iwasaki Village Seal.” An alternate reading of the characters suggests the name of the village could also be “Iwagasaki.” "]
[364,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","工芸・美術品","青白磁","せいはくじ","white celadon pottery (seihakuji)","この碗は青白磁の古典的な作例です。","The bowl is a classic example of white celadon pottery (seihakuji)."]
[365,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","工芸・美術品","輪花","りんか","rinka","縁の部分は、開いた花を模した小さな突起をあしらった「輪花」と呼ばれる様式の装飾がほどこされています。","The rim is decorated in a style known as rinka that has small notches which simulate an open flower. "]
[366,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","史跡","渥美大甕","あつみおおがめ","large Atsumi ware jar","渥美大甕は12世紀に作られ、研究者が12世紀平泉の行政の中心地だったと考える柳之御所遺跡において発掘されました。","This large Atsumi ware jar dates to the twelfth century and was unearthed at the Yanaginogosho site, which scholars believe to have been the administrative center of Hiraizumi. "]
[367,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","史跡","かわらけ","かわらけ","unglazed earthenware pottery (kawarake)","かわらけは、柳之御所で見つかった12世紀に作られた素焼き土器の例です。","These plates and bowls are examples of the unglazed earthenware pottery (kawarake) made in the twelfth century that were found at Yanaginogosho. "]
[368,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","工芸・美術品","渥美壺","あつみつぼ","Atsumi ware jar","これは灰釉渥美焼の素焼き壺です。","Reproduction of an Atsumi ware jar with ash glaze that was made in the twelfth century in the pottery center of Atsumi, Aichi Prefecture. "]
[369,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","史跡","常滑","とこなめ","Tokoname","この容器は12世紀に愛知県の窯元である常滑で作られました。","This container was produced in the twelfth century in Tokoname, a pottery center in Aichi Prefecture."]
[370,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","慈覚大師","じかくだいし","Jikaku Daishi","この木製の彫像は、日本の天台宗の第３代座主である円仁（別名、慈覚大師; 793または794–864）を描いています。","This wooden statue of Ennin (794–864, known posthumously as Jikaku Daishi), the third head abbot of the Tendai sect of Buddhism in Japan, was created in the Edo period (1603–1868). "]
[371,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","白王院","はくおういん","Hakuō-in","この像は、毛越寺の子院である白王院に納められていました。","The statue was previously housed in Hakuō-in, a sub-temple of Mōtsūji Temple. "]
[372,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","史跡","鉄樹","てつじゅ","iron tree","これらの珍しい鉄樹は、平安時代（794〜1185）に作られ、地元の鍛冶である舞草鍛冶によって鋳造されたと考えられています。","These unusual iron trees crafted were made in the Heian period (794–1185) and are believed to be the work of members of Mokusa Kaji, a local group of blacksmiths. "]
[373,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","訶梨帝母","かりていも","Kariteimo","これは12世紀の木彫訶梨帝母像で、左手で赤ん坊を、右手でザクロを抱いています。","This twelfth-century wooden statue of Kariteimo holds a baby in her left arm and a pomegranate in her right hand. "]
[374,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","熊野","くまの","Kumano","熊野は、熊野三山の三大神社のある精神的な中心地です。","Kumano is a spiritual heartland that is home to the three Kumano Sanzan grand Shinto shrines. "]
[375,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","不動明王","ふどうみょうおう","Fudō Myō-ō","不動明王は、仏教の教えを守り、悪を打ち破る仏教の五大明王の一人です。","Fudō Myō-ō is the most important of Buddhism’s Five Wisdom Kings, who protect Buddhist teachings and vanquish evil."]
[376,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","羯磨","かつま","katsuma","真鍮のふたには、仏教の法輪と、羯磨という十字形の仏教の儀式用具が飾られています。","The brass lid is decorated with Buddhist dharma wheels and cross-shaped vajra, Buddhist ceremonial implements known in Japan as katsuma. "]
[377,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","不滅の法灯","ふめつのほうとう","Eternal Flames","中尊寺の本堂にある釈迦如来坐像の両側には、不滅の法灯が立っています。 ","A pair of Eternal Flames (fumetsu no hoto) burn in the lanterns that flank the statue of Shakyamuni Buddha in the main worship hall of Chusonji Temple."]
[378,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","天台宗","てんだいしゅう","Tendai sect ","もともとこの炎は、日本で天台宗を設立した伝教大師最澄（767-822年）が灯したもので、1200年以上も燃え続けています。","The eternal flame was originally kindled by Saicho (767–822), the Japanese Buddhist monk who founded the Tendai sect of Buddhism in Japan, and it has burned continuously for over 1,200 years. "]
[379,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","最澄","さいちょう","Saicho","もともとこの炎は、日本で天台宗を設立した伝教大師最澄（767-822年）が灯したもので、1200年以上も燃え続けています。","The eternal flame was originally kindled by Saicho (767–822), the Japanese Buddhist monk who founded the Tendai sect of Buddhism in Japan, and it has burned continuously for over 1,200 years. "]
[380,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","書物","奥の細道","おくのほそみち","The Narrow Road to the Deep North","日本でもっともよく知られる17世紀の俳人、松尾芭蕉（1644-1694年）の記念碑です。彼は平泉を訪れ、傑作「奥の細道」で平泉についても触れました。","The seventeenth-century haiku master Matsuo Basho (1644–1694), one of Japan’s most famous poets, visited Hiraizumi and mentioned it in his masterpiece, The Narrow Road to the Deep North."]
[381,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","松尾芭蕉","まつおばしょう"," Matsuo Basho","日本でもっともよく知られる17世紀の俳人、松尾芭蕉（1644-1694年）の記念碑です。彼は平泉を訪れ、傑作「奥の細道」で平泉についても触れました。","The seventeenth-century haiku master Matsuo Basho (1644–1694), one of Japan’s most famous poets, visited Hiraizumi and mentioned it in his masterpiece, The Narrow Road to the Deep North."]
[382,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","その他","奥州藤原氏","おうしゅうふじわらし","Oshu Fujiwara clan","12世紀の平泉は、奥州藤原氏の統治のもと、仏教文化が花開き、多数の寺院が造営され、栄華を極めました。","Hiraizumi flourished in the twelfth century under the rule of the Oshu Fujiwara clan, who built several temples transforming Hiraizumi into a center of Buddhist culture."]
[383,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","五月雨の\n降りのこしてや\n光堂\n","さみだれの\nふりのこしてや\nひかりどう","Untouched by\nThe rains of May\nShining Hall\n","五月雨の\n降りのこしてや\n光堂","Untouched by\nThe rains of May\nShining Hall"]
[384,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","宮沢賢治","みやざわけんじ","Miyazawa Kenji","1959年に建てられたこの石碑は、中尊寺とのかかわりが深い岩手県出身の作家、詩人の宮沢賢治（1896-1933年）を記念するものです。","This monument, erected in 1959, memorializes Japanese author and poet Miyazawa Kenji (1896–1933), a native of Iwate Prefecture with strong connections to Chusonji. "]
[385,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","法華経","ほっけきょう","Lotus Sutra","宮沢は仏教、特に法華経と深い関わりがあり、法華経は彼の人生に大きな影響を及ぼしました。","Miyazawa’s deep connection to Buddhism, particularly the Lotus Sutra, also had an important impact on his life."]
[386,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","年中行事","古実式三番","こじつしきさんばん","Kojitsu Shiki Sanban","この古典的な舞踊は、重要な宗教的儀式舞踊は、この国の豊作と平和を願うものです。","The Kojitsu Shiki Sanban is a four-part ritual dance performed each year to ensure an abundant harvest and peace throughout Japan."]
[387,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","鎮守社","ちんじゅしゃ","(be) dedicated to the native spirits that inhabit and protect the land around the temple","白山神社は、中尊寺の境内地、関山の地主神である白山神をまつる鎮守社としての役割を果たしてきました。","This shrine sits northwest of Chusonji and is dedicated to the native spirits that inhabit and protect the land around the temple."]
[388,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","円仁","えんにん"," Ennin","仏僧、円仁（794-864）は、仏教を広めるため829年に東北地方を周遊しました。","The Japanese monk Ennin (794–864) traveled to the Tohoku region around the year 829 to spread the teaching of Tendai Buddhism."]
[389,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","書物","吾妻鏡","あづまかがみ","Azumakagami","13世紀の歴史書の『吾妻鏡』によると、観自在王院は平泉の地を治めた奥州藤原氏の二代目、藤原基衡(1105-1157)の妻により建立されたといわれています。","According to the Azumakagami, a thirteenth-century historical record, Kanjizaioin was constructed by the wife of Fujiwara no Motohira (1105–1157), the second lord of the Oshu Fujiwara clan that once ruled Hiraizumi. "]
[390,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","藤原基衡","ふじわらのもとひら","Fujiwara no Motohira","13世紀の歴史書の『吾妻鏡』によると、観自在王院は平泉の地を治めた奥州藤原氏の二代目、藤原基衡(1105-1157)の妻により建立されたといわれています。","According to the Azumakagami, a thirteenth-century historical record, Kanjizaioin was constructed by the wife of Fujiwara no Motohira (1105–1157), the second lord of the Oshu Fujiwara clan that once ruled Hiraizumi. "]
[391,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","阿弥陀堂","あみだどう","Amida Hall","発掘では2つの阿弥陀堂を含む複数の建物の痕跡が確認されました。","Among other discoveries, researchers have located the sites of several temple buildings, including the Amida Halls."]
[392,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","建造物等","土塁","どるい","earthwork","庭の中央の、遣水から水を注いだ池、周囲を囲む土塁、そしてかつては2つの阿弥陀堂がありました。","The original temple featured a pair of elaborately decorated Amida Halls, a landscaped garden with a central, stream-fed pond, and extensive perimeter earthworks."]
[393,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","建造物等","遣水","やりみず","stream-fed","庭の中央の、遣水から水を注いだ池、周囲を囲む土塁、そしてかつては2つの阿弥陀堂がありました。","The original temple featured a pair of elaborately decorated Amida Halls, a landscaped garden with a central, stream-fed pond, and extensive perimeter earthworks."]
[394,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","西方浄土","さいほうじょうど"," Pure Land Western paradise","観自在王院の庭園は、西方浄土の平和や静けさをこの世に再現するものとして設計されました。","The Kanjizaioin Temple garden was designed to depict the Pure Land Western paradise, and to reproduce the peace and tranquility of this Buddhist paradise. "]
[395,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","庭園・公園","浄土庭園","じょうどていえん","Pure Land Buddhist garden ","池の形や石の配置には12世紀の造園技術が反映され重要です。また、観自在王院は12世紀の浄土庭園の例として高く評価されています。","The shape and design of the pond and its decorative rock formations are typical of twelfth-century Japanese garden design, and the garden at Kanjizaioin Temple is highly acclaimed as a rare example of twelfth-century Pure Land Buddhist garden architecture. "]
[396,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","湖沼","舞鶴ヶ池","まいづるがいけ","Dancing Crane Pond","観自在王院のなかでも重要な見どころのひとつが、この舞鶴が池です。","The Dancing Crane Pond (Maizurugaike) is a unique highlight and key component of the Kanjizaioin Temple garden."]
[397,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","書物","作庭記","さくていき","Sakuteiki","池の設計や形は、平安時代 (794-1185) の庭園に関する最初の学術書「作庭記」が記していたことと一致します。それには「池は鶴か亀の形に似せるのがよい」と書かれていました。","Both the name and the design of Maizurugaike correspond to instructions written in the Sakuteiki, a Heian period (794–1185) treatise on Japanese garden design that states that ponds should resemble the shape of either a turtle or a crane."]
[398,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","史跡","泉殿","いずみどの","Spring Hall ","これは、貴族の邸宅にみられた納涼の場としての「泉殿」の跡ではないかと考えられています。","Researchers speculate this pool was a Spring Hall (Izumi-dono), used for cooling in the summer, that was often seen at upper class residences."]
[399,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","薬師如来","やくしにょらい","Yakushi Nyorai","本堂には、薬と癒しの仏、薬師如来の像を祀っています。薬師如来像は平安時代（794〜1185年）の作です。","It enshrines a statue of Yakushi Nyorai, the Buddha of medicine and healing, , that dates to the Heian period (794–1185)."]
[400,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","四天王","してんのう"," four heavenly kings ","両側には2体の菩薩が立っています。さらに、本尊である仏を守る四天王も安置されています。","Statues of bodhisattvas, or enlightened beings, stand on either side of the Buddha, while images of four heavenly kings stand guard at the cardinal compass points around the Buddha statue."]
[401,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","二階惣門","にかいそうもん","two-storied gate","13世紀に編纂された、鎌倉時代（1185–1333年）の歴史的記録「吾妻鏡」には、「大きな二階惣門だった」と、門の大きさや形が描写されています。","Azumakagami, a historical record of the Kamakura period (1185–1333), describes the Nandaimon as a “great, two-storied gate,” suggesting a large, imposing structure."]
[402,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","藤原秀衡","ふじわらのひでひら"," Fujiwara no Hidehira","鎌倉時代（1185–1333）の歴史書で、武家の歴史について詳しく叙述した「吾妻鏡」は、藤原基衡（1105–1157年）が嘉祥寺の建設を始め、息子の藤原秀衡（1122–1187年）が完成させたと記しています。","According to the Azumakagami, a historical record of the Kamakura period (1185–1333) that contains detailed accounts of the history of the warrior class, construction of Kashoji Temple was begun by Fujiwara no Motohira (1105–1157) and completed by his son, Fujiwara no Hidehira (1122–1187)."]
[403,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","講堂","こうどう","Lecture Hall","かつてこの場所にあった講堂には、宇宙の至高の仏である、胎金両部大日如来の像が祀られていました。","The Motsuji Temple Lecture Hall (Kodo) that once stood at this location enshrined an image of Dainichi Nyorai (Vairocana), the Supreme Buddha of the Cosmos."]
[404,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","年中行事","曲水の宴","ごくすいのえん","Winding Stream Festival","毎年5月の第4日曜日には、この遣水のほとりで、伝統的な詩の祭である「曲水の宴」が行われます。","Each year on the fourth Sunday in May, Motsuji Temple hosts a traditional poetry festival called Gokusui no En (“Winding Stream Festival”) along the banks of the stream. "]
[405,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","その他","十二単","じゅうにひとえ"," layered kimono","参加者は平安時代の衣装、男子絵は衣冠狩衣、女性は十二単を着るのが通例です。","Participants wear Heian period (794–1185) courtly dress: men wear traditional hunting attire and headdresses, and women wear layered kimono called junihitoe."]
[406,"岩手県","平泉町世界遺産推進協議会","年中行事","延年の舞","えんねんのまい","Ennen no Mai","ここでは、重要な仏教儀式である舞踊、「延年の舞」が奉納されます。仏と寺を讃えるという目的で、800年以上にわたって行われてきました。","The festival features longevity dances called Ennen no Mai, a ritual performed at the Circumambulation Hall in praise of the guardian deities of the temple, which has been performed at Motsuji Temple for more than eight hundred years. "]
[407,"岩手県","八幡平ファームステイ協議会","植物","茶の湯","ちゃのゆ","chanoyu","松尾鉱山資料館では住民の携帯蓄音機やスライド映写機から、室内楽団、ホームパーティー、茶の湯の茶会、その他の文化活動まで、鉱山での生活の娯楽的な側面についても紹介しています。","The museum also covers the recreational side of life on the mountain, from residents’ portable gramophones and slide projectors to their chamber orchestra, home parties, chanoyu tea gatherings, and other cultural pursuits. "]
[408,"岩手県","八幡平ファームステイ協議会","郷土景観","八幡平アスピーテライン","はちまんたいあすぴーてらいん","Hachimantai Aspite Line","これらの倒壊しつつある建物は危険とみなされ、観光客の立ち入りは禁止されていますが、八幡平アスピーテラインの道路沿いから見ることができ、写真を撮ることもできます。","These crumbling edifices are deemed unsafe and are off-limit to visitors, but can be seen and photographed from the roadside along the Hachimantai Aspite Line."]
[409,"岩手県","八幡平ファームステイ協議会","工芸・美術品","安比塗","あっぴぬり","Appi-nuri,","鮮やかな朱色や深みのある漆黒、優雅なフォルムが、岩手県八幡平市の安比川流域で生産される安比塗の特徴です。","Vivid reds, deep lush blacks, and graceful forms characterize Appi-nuri."]
[410,"岩手県","八幡平ファームステイ協議会","工芸・美術品","漆","うるし","urushi ","樹液を採るウルシの木が生えている場所を上流にあがった叺田付近の川の近くにありました。","a small colony of lacquer artisans lived near the river around Kamasuda, upstream from where urushi trees were tapped for their sap."]
[411,"岩手県","八幡平ファームステイ協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","修験道","しゅげんどう","Shugend","細道をさらに進むと、かつて修験道僧の修行の場だった不動の滝が現れます。","Farther along the path is the Fudo no Taki waterfall, a cascade that once served as training ground for practitioners of Shugendo."]
[412,"岩手県","八幡平ファームステイ協議会","温泉","松川温泉","まつかわおんせん","Matsukawa Onsen","松川温泉は、同名の川の近くに位置する十和田八幡平国立公園内の温泉町です。","Matsukawa Onsen is a hot-spring town located near its namesake river within the Towada-Hachimantai National Park. "]
[413,"岩手県","八幡平ファームステイ協議会","温泉","湯花","ゆばな","yubana","ゆで卵を思わせる匂いが特徴的な、湯の花として知られる鉱物成分を沈殿させた入浴剤もあります。","The milky-white waters in this volcanic zone come from sulfur springs. They have the typical mineral deposits known as yubana and the characteristic scent reminiscent of boiled eggs. "]
[414,"岩手県","八幡平ファームステイ協議会","食","温泉卵","おんせんたまご","onsen tamago,","この地熱エネルギーでゆでた温泉卵は、日本各地の温泉で見られるお土産やご馳走として人気があります。","Called onsen tamago, these eggs cooked with geothermal energies are a popular treat and souvenir found in hot springs throughout Japan. "]
[415,"岩手県","八幡平ファームステイ協議会","食","山菜","さんさい","sansai ","宿泊客に出される食事は、天然の山菜など地元の旬の食材がふんだんに使われ、いつ訪れても季節の恵みを堪能できます。","The meals served for overnight lodgers incorporate plenty of locally grown produce, including wild sansai plants, always a treat when visiting rural inns."]
[416,"岩手県","八幡平ファームステイ協議会","温泉","秘湯","ひとう","hitou","それでも、この地域は辺鄙な場所にあり、日本国内の人里離れた温泉旅館の秘湯リストに、この地域の3軒の温泉宿のうち2軒が選ばれています。","Even so, the area is remote enough that two of its three lodgings are included among Japan’s venerated hitou listing of secluded hot-spring inns."]
[417,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","海岸・岬","神割崎","かみわりざき","Cape Kamiwarizaki","神割崎は三陸地域屈指の名勝地です。","Cape Kamiwarizaki is one of the most renowned scenic spots in the Sanriku region."]
[418,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","テーマ施設等","雄勝ローズファクトリーガーデン","おがつろーずふぁくとりーがーでん","Ogatsu Rose Factory Garden","雄勝ローズファクトリーガーデンは、希望とコミュニティの象徴です。","The Ogatsu Rose Factory Garden is a symbol of hope and community."]
[419,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","テーマ施設等","おがつ店こ屋街","おがつたなこやがい","Ogatsu Tanakoya Mall","おがつ店こ屋街は、地域の中核を担うショッピングセンターです。ここでは、地域の人と観光に訪れた人が、新鮮な地元の食材を使った家庭料理を楽しんだり、雄勝の名産物である高級な手作りの硯を購入したりできます。","The Ogatsu Tanakoya Mall is at the heart of the community, a shopping center where locals and visitors can enjoy home-style meals prepared from fresh, local ingredients or pick up one of the high-quality, handcrafted inkstones that Ogatsu is renowned for."]
[420,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","葉山神社","はやまじんじゃ","Hayama-jinja Shrine","葉山神社と石神社は、石峰山にある二つの神聖な場所で、長い歴史を共有しています。","Hayama-jinja Shrine and Isono-jinja Shrine are two sacred sites on Mt. Ishimine that share a long history.","※みちのく潮風トレイルマップでは神社は「名前-jinja Shrine」で統一。"]
[421,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","石神社","いそのじんじゃ","Isono-jinja Shrine","葉山神社と石神社は、石峰山にある二つの神聖な場所で、長い歴史を共有しています。","Hayama-jinja Shrine and Isono-jinja Shrine are two sacred sites on Mt. Ishimine that share a long history.","※みちのく潮風トレイルマップでは神社は「名前-jinja Shrine」で統一。"]
[422,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","山岳","石峰山","いしみねやま","Mt. Ishimine","葉山神社と石神社は、石峰山にある二つの神聖な場所で、長い歴史を共有しています。","Hayama-jinja Shrine and Isono-jinja Shrine are two sacred sites on Mt. Ishimine that share a long history."]
[423,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","年中行事","雄勝法印神楽","おがつほういんかぐら","Ogatsu Hoin Kagura","葉山神社は、雄勝法印神楽という華麗な面や衣装を特徴とするこの地域の伝統的な神楽（神を楽しませるための音楽や踊り）で有名です。","The shrine is known for its Ogatsu Hoin Kagura, a local tradition of music and dance performed to entertain the gods (kagura) that is characterized by ornate masks and elaborate costumes."]
[424,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","テーマ施設等","モリウミアス","もりうみあす","Moriumius Lusail","雄勝の森の中にあるモリウミアス（Moriumius Lusail）は、子どもたちがサステイナビリティと自然とともに生きることについて学べる教育的な施設です。","Moriumius Lusail is an educational center in the woods of Ogatsu where children can learn about sustainability and living in harmony with nature."]
[425,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","白銀神社","しろがねじんじゃ","Shirogane-jinja Shrine","白銀神社","Shirogane-jinja Shrine","※みちのく潮風トレイルマップでは神社は「名前-jinja Shrine」で統一。"]
[426,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","海岸・岬","白銀崎","しろがねざき","Cape Shiroganezaki","奈良時代（710-794）に建立された白銀崎にあるこの神社は、元気を回復させエネルギーを与えてくれる素晴らしい自然の美を備えた場所、「パワースポット」とされています。","Established in the Nara period (710-794), this shrine on Cape Shiroganezaki is regarded as a “power spot,” a place of great natural beauty that has rejuvenating and energizing effects."]
[427,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","建造物等","大須崎灯台","おおすざきとうだい","Cape Osuzaki Lighthouse","1949年に建設された大須崎灯台は、雄勝半島の小さな町、大須の漁港を見晴らしています。","Constructed in 1949, the Cape Osuzaki Lighthouse overlooks the fishing harbor of the small town of Osu on the Ogatsu Peninsula."]
[428,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","海岸・岬","荒浜","あらはま","Arahama Beach","荒浜はみちのく潮風トレイル沿いにある数多くの水泳場のひとつです。","Arahama Beach is one of many swimming areas along the Michinoku Coastal Trail."]
[429,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","史跡","火伏せ","ひぶせ","Hibuse Stone Monuments","火伏せ","Hibuse Stone Monuments"]
[430,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","年中行事","おめつき","おめつき","ometsuki","「おめつき」と呼ばれるいたずらっぽい即興劇の上演や、色とりどりの大きな山車の巡行が行われます。","There are performances of bawdy, improvised skits called ometsuki, along with a colorful parade of large floats."]
[431,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","テーマ施設等","波板地域交流センター","なみいたちいきこうりゅうせんたー","Namiita Lab Community Center","地元の素材を使用し、ユニバーサルデザインをコンセプトにして建設された波板地域交流センターは、2016年にグッドデザイン賞を受賞しました。","The Namiita Lab Community Center, constructed using local materials and applying the principles of universal design, won a Good Design Award in 2016."]
[432,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","テーマ施設等","第二勝丸保存所","だいにかつまるほぞんじょ","Boat House Namiita","道を下ってすぐの海岸の近くには、第二勝丸という名前の小船が展示されている第二勝丸保存所（Boat House Namiita）があります。","Near the shore just down the road is Boat House Namiita, which includes an exhibit of a small boat named the Daini Katsumaru."]
[433,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","乗物","第二勝丸","だいにかつまる","Daini Katsumaru","道を下ってすぐの海岸の近くには、第二勝丸という名前の小船が展示されている第二勝丸保存所（Boat House Namiita）があります。","Near the shore just down the road is Boat House Namiita, which includes an exhibit of a small boat named the Daini Katsumaru."]
[434,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","建造物等","大川小学校","おおかわしょうがっこう","Okawa Elementary School","釜谷地区の大川小学校は、2011年3月11日に発生した東日本大震災で亡くなった人々の慰霊碑の中でも最も悲しく辛いもののひとつです。","Okawa Elementary School in the village of Kamaya is one of the most poignant and sobering monuments to the lives lost in the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami on March 11, 2011."]
[435,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","湖沼","長面浦","ながつらうら","Nagatsura Lagoon","北上川の河口からそう遠くない場所にある長面浦は太平洋と繋がっています。","Located not far from the mouth of the Kitakami River, Nagatsura Lagoon is connected to the Pacific Ocean."]
[436,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","河川・渓谷","北上川","きたかみがわ","Kitakami River","250キロメートル以上にわたって流れる北上川は、東北地方最大の河川であり、日本で4番目に長い川です。","The Kitakami River flows for over 250 kilometers, and is the largest river in the Tohoku region, as well as the fourth largest in Japan."]
[437,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","建造物等","北上大橋","きたかみおおはし","Kitakami-ohashi Bridge","北上大橋は、みちのく潮風トレイルと北上川が交差する唯一の場所ですが、この力強い川はこの地方の暮らしのかけがえのない一部です。","Although the Kitakami-ohashi Bridge is the only place where the Michinoku Coastal Trail and the Kitakami River cross paths, this mighty river is an intrinsic part of life in the region."]
[438,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","丸山地蔵","まるやまじぞう","Maruyama Jizo","丸山地蔵は、天明の大飢饉（1782-1788）で亡くなった人々を慰霊するとともに、豊かな収穫を祈る対象として、1801年に建立されました。","The Maruyama Jizo was erected in 1801 to honor the spirits of people who died in the Tenmei Famine (1782–1788) and as a focus of prayers for bountiful harvests."]
[439,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","釣石神社","つりいしじんじゃ","Tsuriishi-jinja Shrine","釣石神社の御神体は、14メートルの大きな石で、この石は杉で覆われた丘の側面に危なっかしいバランスで置かれています。","The object of worship at Tsuriishi-jinja Shrine is a 14-meter-long stone balanced precariously on the side of a cedar-covered hill.","※みちのく潮風トレイルマップでは神社は「名前-jinja Shrine」で統一。"]
[440,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","レジャー・アクティビティ","白浜海水浴場","しはらまかいすいよくじょう","Shirahama Beach Park","白浜海水浴場と鹿島神社","Shirahama Beach Park and Kashima-jinja Shrine"]
[441,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","鹿島神社","かしまじんじゃ","Kashima-jinja Shrine","白浜海水浴場と鹿島神社","Shirahama Beach Park and Kashima-jinja Shrine","※みちのく潮風トレイルマップでは神社は「名前-jinja Shrine」で統一。"]
[442,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","高原・湿原・原野","大盤平","おおばんだいら","Obandaira","大盤平は、戸倉半島の森に覆われた山脈の頂上にある草原を指します。","Obandaira refers to the grassland atop a forest-covered mountain range on the Tokura Peninsula."]
[443,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","金華山","きんかさん","Kinkasan Island","金華山","Kinkasan Island"]
[444,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","テーマ施設等","南三陸・海のビジターセンター","みなみさんりくうみのびじたーせんたー","Minamisanriku Marine Visitor Center","2016年11月に三陸復興国立公園の一部としてオープンした南三陸・海のビジターセンターは、景観スポットやトレッキングルート、野生生物、歴史など、みちのく潮風トレイルの様々な側面について豊富な情報を提供しています。","Opened in November 2016 as part of Sanriku Fukko (Reconstruction) National Park, the Minamisanriku Marine Visitor Center provides a wealth of information on various aspects of the Michinoku Coastal Trail, from scenic spots and hiking routes to wildlife and history."]
[445,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","テーマ施設等","石巻・川のビジターセンター","いしのまきかわのびじたーせんたー","Ishinomaki Riverside Visitor Center","2018年4月にオープンした石巻・川のビジターセンターは、みちのく潮風トレイルの散策中に一休みして三陸地方の自然について学ぶのに好適な場所です。","Opened in April 2018, the Ishinomaki Riverside Visitor Center is a great place to take a break from walking the Michinoku Coastal Trail and learn about the natural wonders of the Sanriku region."]
[446,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","山岳","田束山","たつがねやま","Mt. Tatsugane","高さ512メートルの田束山は南三陸市で最も高い山で、気仙沼市との境界にまたがっています。","At 512 meters, Mt. Tatsugane is the tallest peak in Minamisanriku and straddles the border with the town of Kesennuma."]
[447,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","海岸・岬","志津川湾","しずがわわん","Shizugawa Bay","山頂からは、志津川湾とこの地域のギザギザした海岸線の全体を俯瞰する景色が望めます。","The summit offers a bird’s-eye view of Shizugawa Bay and the area’s jagged coastline."]
[448,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","河川・渓谷","伊里前川","いさとまえがわ","Isatomae River","南三陸の河川: 伊里前川, 八幡川, 水尻川, 折立川, 水戸部川","Rivers of Minamisanriku: Isatomae River, Hachiman River, Mizushiri River, Oritate River, Mitobe River"]
[449,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","河川・渓谷","八幡川","はちまんがわ","Hachiman River","南三陸の河川: 伊里前川, 八幡川, 水尻川, 折立川, 水戸部川","Rivers of Minamisanriku: Isatomae River, Hachiman River, Mizushiri River, Oritate River, Mitobe River"]
[450,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","河川・渓谷","水尻川","みずしりがわ","Mizushiri River","南三陸の河川: 伊里前川, 八幡川, 水尻川, 折立川, 水戸部川","Rivers of Minamisanriku: Isatomae River, Hachiman River, Mizushiri River, Oritate River, Mitobe River"]
[451,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","河川・渓谷","折立川","おりたてがわ","Oritate River","南三陸の河川: 伊里前川, 八幡川, 水尻川, 折立川, 水戸部川","Rivers of Minamisanriku: Isatomae River, Hachiman River, Mizushiri River, Oritate River, Mitobe River"]
[452,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","河川・渓谷","水戸部川","みとべがわ","Mitobe River","南三陸の河川: 伊里前川, 八幡川, 水尻川, 折立川, 水戸部川","Rivers of Minamisanriku: Isatomae River, Hachiman River, Mizushiri River, Oritate River, Mitobe River"]
[453,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","動物","イトトンボ","いととんぼ","damselfly","鋭い観察眼を持つ人は、この地域の河川をめぐりながら、イトトンボ、ゲンジボタル、トウホクサンショウウオ、モクズガニ、ワカサギ、マス、シロザケ、シロウオ、マハゼ、ウグイ、ボラなど、あらゆる種類の生き物を見つけることができるでしょう。","Sharp-eyed visitors to the region’s rivers can look forward to spotting all sorts of creatures, including damselflies, Japanese fireflies, Tohoku salamanders, and Japanese mitten crabs as well as sweetfish (ayu), salmon, chum salmon, ice goby, yellowfin goby, Japanese dace, and striped mullet."]
[454,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","動物","ゲンジボタル","げんじぼたる","Japanese firefly","鋭い観察眼を持つ人は、この地域の河川をめぐりながら、イトトンボ、ゲンジボタル、トウホクサンショウウオ、モクズガニ、ワカサギ、マス、シロザケ、シロウオ、マハゼ、ウグイ、ボラなど、あらゆる種類の生き物を見つけることができるでしょう。","Sharp-eyed visitors to the region’s rivers can look forward to spotting all sorts of creatures, including damselflies, Japanese fireflies, Tohoku salamanders, and Japanese mitten crabs as well as sweetfish (ayu), salmon, chum salmon, ice goby, yellowfin goby, Japanese dace, and striped mullet."]
[455,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","動物","トウホクサンショウウオ","とうほくさんしょううお","Tohoku salamander","鋭い観察眼を持つ人は、この地域の河川をめぐりながら、イトトンボ、ゲンジボタル、トウホクサンショウウオ、モクズガニ、ワカサギ、マス、シロザケ、シロウオ、マハゼ、ウグイ、ボラなど、あらゆる種類の生き物を見つけることができるでしょう。","Sharp-eyed visitors to the region’s rivers can look forward to spotting all sorts of creatures, including damselflies, Japanese fireflies, Tohoku salamanders, and Japanese mitten crabs as well as sweetfish (ayu), salmon, chum salmon, ice goby, yellowfin goby, Japanese dace, and striped mullet."]
[456,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","動物","モクズガニ","もくずがに","Japanese mitten crab","鋭い観察眼を持つ人は、この地域の河川をめぐりながら、イトトンボ、ゲンジボタル、トウホクサンショウウオ、モクズガニ、ワカサギ、マス、シロザケ、シロウオ、マハゼ、ウグイ、ボラなど、あらゆる種類の生き物を見つけることができるでしょう。","Sharp-eyed visitors to the region’s rivers can look forward to spotting all sorts of creatures, including damselflies, Japanese fireflies, Tohoku salamanders, and Japanese mitten crabs as well as sweetfish (ayu), salmon, chum salmon, ice goby, yellowfin goby, Japanese dace, and striped mullet."]
[457,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","動物","ワカサギ","わかさぎ","sweetfish","鋭い観察眼を持つ人は、この地域の河川をめぐりながら、イトトンボ、ゲンジボタル、トウホクサンショウウオ、モクズガニ、ワカサギ、マス、シロザケ、シロウオ、マハゼ、ウグイ、ボラなど、あらゆる種類の生き物を見つけることができるでしょう。","Sharp-eyed visitors to the region’s rivers can look forward to spotting all sorts of creatures, including damselflies, Japanese fireflies, Tohoku salamanders, and Japanese mitten crabs as well as sweetfish (ayu), salmon, chum salmon, ice goby, yellowfin goby, Japanese dace, and striped mullet."]
[458,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","動物","マス","ます","salmon","鋭い観察眼を持つ人は、この地域の河川をめぐりながら、イトトンボ、ゲンジボタル、トウホクサンショウウオ、モクズガニ、ワカサギ、マス、シロザケ、シロウオ、マハゼ、ウグイ、ボラなど、あらゆる種類の生き物を見つけることができるでしょう。","Sharp-eyed visitors to the region’s rivers can look forward to spotting all sorts of creatures, including damselflies, Japanese fireflies, Tohoku salamanders, and Japanese mitten crabs as well as sweetfish (ayu), salmon, chum salmon, ice goby, yellowfin goby, Japanese dace, and striped mullet."]
[459,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","動物","シロザケ","しろざけ","chum salmon","鋭い観察眼を持つ人は、この地域の河川をめぐりながら、イトトンボ、ゲンジボタル、トウホクサンショウウオ、モクズガニ、ワカサギ、マス、シロザケ、シロウオ、マハゼ、ウグイ、ボラなど、あらゆる種類の生き物を見つけることができるでしょう。","Sharp-eyed visitors to the region’s rivers can look forward to spotting all sorts of creatures, including damselflies, Japanese fireflies, Tohoku salamanders, and Japanese mitten crabs as well as sweetfish (ayu), salmon, chum salmon, ice goby, yellowfin goby, Japanese dace, and striped mullet."]
[460,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","動物","シロウオ","しろうお","ice goby","鋭い観察眼を持つ人は、この地域の河川をめぐりながら、イトトンボ、ゲンジボタル、トウホクサンショウウオ、モクズガニ、ワカサギ、マス、シロザケ、シロウオ、マハゼ、ウグイ、ボラなど、あらゆる種類の生き物を見つけることができるでしょう。","Sharp-eyed visitors to the region’s rivers can look forward to spotting all sorts of creatures, including damselflies, Japanese fireflies, Tohoku salamanders, and Japanese mitten crabs as well as sweetfish (ayu), salmon, chum salmon, ice goby, yellowfin goby, Japanese dace, and striped mullet."]
[461,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","動物","マハゼ","まはぜ","yellowfin goby","鋭い観察眼を持つ人は、この地域の河川をめぐりながら、イトトンボ、ゲンジボタル、トウホクサンショウウオ、モクズガニ、ワカサギ、マス、シロザケ、シロウオ、マハゼ、ウグイ、ボラなど、あらゆる種類の生き物を見つけることができるでしょう。","Sharp-eyed visitors to the region’s rivers can look forward to spotting all sorts of creatures, including damselflies, Japanese fireflies, Tohoku salamanders, and Japanese mitten crabs as well as sweetfish (ayu), salmon, chum salmon, ice goby, yellowfin goby, Japanese dace, and striped mullet."]
[462,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","動物","ウグイ","うぐい","Japanese dace","鋭い観察眼を持つ人は、この地域の河川をめぐりながら、イトトンボ、ゲンジボタル、トウホクサンショウウオ、モクズガニ、ワカサギ、マス、シロザケ、シロウオ、マハゼ、ウグイ、ボラなど、あらゆる種類の生き物を見つけることができるでしょう。","Sharp-eyed visitors to the region’s rivers can look forward to spotting all sorts of creatures, including damselflies, Japanese fireflies, Tohoku salamanders, and Japanese mitten crabs as well as sweetfish (ayu), salmon, chum salmon, ice goby, yellowfin goby, Japanese dace, and striped mullet."]
[463,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","動物","ボラ","ぼら","striped mullet","鋭い観察眼を持つ人は、この地域の河川をめぐりながら、イトトンボ、ゲンジボタル、トウホクサンショウウオ、モクズガニ、ワカサギ、マス、シロザケ、シロウオ、マハゼ、ウグイ、ボラなど、あらゆる種類の生き物を見つけることができるでしょう。","Sharp-eyed visitors to the region’s rivers can look forward to spotting all sorts of creatures, including damselflies, Japanese fireflies, Tohoku salamanders, and Japanese mitten crabs as well as sweetfish (ayu), salmon, chum salmon, ice goby, yellowfin goby, Japanese dace, and striped mullet."]
[464,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","動物","アマガエル","あまがえる","Japanese tree frog","アマガエル、ニホンアカガエル、毒を持つアカハライモリ、ヒルは皆、典型的な夏の住民です。水を張った田にはゲンゴロウ、ガムシ、ミズカマキリをはじめとするさまざまな昆虫も見られます。","Japanese tree frogs, Japanese brown frogs, toxic Japanese fire-belly newts, and leeches are all typical summer residents. A range of insects, notably diving beetles, water scavenger beetles, and water stick insects, can be found in the flooded rice fields as well."]
[465,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","動物","ニホンアカガエル","にほんあかがえる","Japanese brown frog","アマガエル、ニホンアカガエル、毒を持つアカハライモリ、ヒルは皆、典型的な夏の住民です。水を張った田にはゲンゴロウ、ガムシ、ミズカマキリをはじめとするさまざまな昆虫も見られます。","Japanese tree frogs, Japanese brown frogs, toxic Japanese fire-belly newts, and leeches are all typical summer residents. A range of insects, notably diving beetles, water scavenger beetles, and water stick insects, can be found in the flooded rice fields as well."]
[466,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","動物","アカハライモリ","あかはらいもり","Japanese fire-belly newt","アマガエル、ニホンアカガエル、毒を持つアカハライモリ、ヒルは皆、典型的な夏の住民です。水を張った田にはゲンゴロウ、ガムシ、ミズカマキリをはじめとするさまざまな昆虫も見られます。","Japanese tree frogs, Japanese brown frogs, toxic Japanese fire-belly newts, and leeches are all typical summer residents. A range of insects, notably diving beetles, water scavenger beetles, and water stick insects, can be found in the flooded rice fields as well."]
[467,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","動物","ヒル","ひる","leeche","アマガエル、ニホンアカガエル、毒を持つアカハライモリ、ヒルは皆、典型的な夏の住民です。水を張った田にはゲンゴロウ、ガムシ、ミズカマキリをはじめとするさまざまな昆虫も見られます。","Japanese tree frogs, Japanese brown frogs, toxic Japanese fire-belly newts, and leeches are all typical summer residents. A range of insects, notably diving beetles, water scavenger beetles, and water stick insects, can be found in the flooded rice fields as well."]
[468,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","動物","ゲンゴロウ","げんごろう","diving beetle","アマガエル、ニホンアカガエル、毒を持つアカハライモリ、ヒルは皆、典型的な夏の住民です。水を張った田にはゲンゴロウ、ガムシ、ミズカマキリをはじめとするさまざまな昆虫も見られます。","Japanese tree frogs, Japanese brown frogs, toxic Japanese fire-belly newts, and leeches are all typical summer residents. A range of insects, notably diving beetles, water scavenger beetles, and water stick insects, can be found in the flooded rice fields as well."]
[469,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","動物","ガムシ","がむし","water scavenger beetle","アマガエル、ニホンアカガエル、毒を持つアカハライモリ、ヒルは皆、典型的な夏の住民です。水を張った田にはゲンゴロウ、ガムシ、ミズカマキリをはじめとするさまざまな昆虫も見られます。","Japanese tree frogs, Japanese brown frogs, toxic Japanese fire-belly newts, and leeches are all typical summer residents. A range of insects, notably diving beetles, water scavenger beetles, and water stick insects, can be found in the flooded rice fields as well."]
[470,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","動物","ミズカマキリ","みずかまきり","water stick insect","アマガエル、ニホンアカガエル、毒を持つアカハライモリ、ヒルは皆、典型的な夏の住民です。水を張った田にはゲンゴロウ、ガムシ、ミズカマキリをはじめとするさまざまな昆虫も見られます。","Japanese tree frogs, Japanese brown frogs, toxic Japanese fire-belly newts, and leeches are all typical summer residents. A range of insects, notably diving beetles, water scavenger beetles, and water stick insects, can be found in the flooded rice fields as well."]
[471,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","動物","ヤドカリ","やどかり","hermit crab","小さな水生生物に含まれるのは、多種の二枚貝と巻貝、ヤドカリ、イソガニ、ミドリイソギンチャク、キヒトデ、そしてミミズハゼやアゴハゼなどの小魚です。","The latter include various types of clams and seashells, hermit crabs, Asian shore crabs, rainbow bottom anemones, Japanese common starfish, and small fish such as the flat-headed goby and the fork-tongued goby."]
[472,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","動物","イソガニ","いそがに","Asian shore crab","小さな水生生物に含まれるのは、多種の二枚貝と巻貝、ヤドカリ、イソガニ、ミドリイソギンチャク、キヒトデ、そしてミミズハゼやアゴハゼなどの小魚です。","The latter include various types of clams and seashells, hermit crabs, Asian shore crabs, rainbow bottom anemones, Japanese common starfish, and small fish such as the flat-headed goby and the fork-tongued goby."]
[473,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","動物","ミドリイソギンチャク","みどりいそぎんちゃく","rainbow bottom anemone","小さな水生生物に含まれるのは、多種の二枚貝と巻貝、ヤドカリ、イソガニ、ミドリイソギンチャク、キヒトデ、そしてミミズハゼやアゴハゼなどの小魚です。","The latter include various types of clams and seashells, hermit crabs, Asian shore crabs, rainbow bottom anemones, Japanese common starfish, and small fish such as the flat-headed goby and the fork-tongued goby."]
[474,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","動物","キヒトデ","きひとで","Japanese common starfish","小さな水生生物に含まれるのは、多種の二枚貝と巻貝、ヤドカリ、イソガニ、ミドリイソギンチャク、キヒトデ、そしてミミズハゼやアゴハゼなどの小魚です。","The latter include various types of clams and seashells, hermit crabs, Asian shore crabs, rainbow bottom anemones, Japanese common starfish, and small fish such as the flat-headed goby and the fork-tongued goby."]
[475,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","動物","ミミズハゼ","みみずはぜ","flat-headed goby","小さな水生生物に含まれるのは、多種の二枚貝と巻貝、ヤドカリ、イソガニ、ミドリイソギンチャク、キヒトデ、そしてミミズハゼやアゴハゼなどの小魚です。","The latter include various types of clams and seashells, hermit crabs, Asian shore crabs, rainbow bottom anemones, Japanese common starfish, and small fish such as the flat-headed goby and the fork-tongued goby."]
[476,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","動物","アゴハゼ","あごはぜ","fork-tongued goby","小さな水生生物に含まれるのは、多種の二枚貝と巻貝、ヤドカリ、イソガニ、ミドリイソギンチャク、キヒトデ、そしてミミズハゼやアゴハゼなどの小魚です。","The latter include various types of clams and seashells, hermit crabs, Asian shore crabs, rainbow bottom anemones, Japanese common starfish, and small fish such as the flat-headed goby and the fork-tongued goby."]
[477,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","植物","ワカメ","わかめ","Wakame","ワカメとマコンブは両方茶色の海藻で、日本料理によく使われます。","Wakame and makonbu are both brown seaweeds often used in Japanese cuisine."]
[478,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","植物","マコンブ","まこんぶ","makonbu","ワカメとマコンブは両方茶色の海藻で、日本料理によく使われます。","Wakame and makonbu are both brown seaweeds often used in Japanese cuisine."]
[479,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","動物","クチバシカジカ","くちばしかじか","Grunt sculpin","クチバシカジカとダンゴウオは寒い北の気候から、ハゼとマサバは南から旅してきます。","Grunt sculpin and lumpfish come from colder northern climes, while goby and chub mackerel travel from the south."]
[480,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","動物","ダンゴウオ","だんごうお","lumpfish","クチバシカジカとダンゴウオは寒い北の気候から、ハゼとマサバは南から旅してきます。","Grunt sculpin and lumpfish come from colder northern climes, while goby and chub mackerel travel from the south."]
[481,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","動物","ニホンイヌワシ","にほんいぬわし","Japanese golden eagle","おそらく、最も雄大なのは、絶滅危惧種で南三陸の代表的な鳥でもあるニホンイヌワシです。","Arguably the most majestic is the Japanese golden eagle, an endangered species that is also Minamisanriku’s representative bird."]
[482,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","動物","オオワシ","おおわし","Steller’s sea eagle","その他の猛禽類には、オオワシ、ミサゴ、クマタカなどがいます。さらに、カモメやカモ、珍しいコクガンなど、豊富な海草をエサとし、この地域で越冬する多種の水鳥もいます。オオコノハズクもこの地域に生息しています。","Other birds of prey in the area include Steller’s sea eagle, the osprey, and the mountain hawk-eagle. There are various kinds of waterfowl as well, from seagulls and ducks to the rare brent goose, which winters here, feeding on the abundant seagrass. The Sunda scops owl also inhabits the area. "]
[483,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","動物","ミサゴ","みさご","osprey","その他の猛禽類には、オオワシ、ミサゴ、クマタカなどがいます。さらに、カモメやカモ、珍しいコクガンなど、豊富な海草をエサとし、この地域で越冬する多種の水鳥もいます。オオコノハズクもこの地域に生息しています。","Other birds of prey in the area include Steller’s sea eagle, the osprey, and the mountain hawk-eagle. There are various kinds of waterfowl as well, from seagulls and ducks to the rare brent goose, which winters here, feeding on the abundant seagrass. The Sunda scops owl also inhabits the area. "]
[484,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","動物","クマタカ","くまたか","mountain hawk-eagle","その他の猛禽類には、オオワシ、ミサゴ、クマタカなどがいます。さらに、カモメやカモ、珍しいコクガンなど、豊富な海草をエサとし、この地域で越冬する多種の水鳥もいます。オオコノハズクもこの地域に生息しています。","Other birds of prey in the area include Steller’s sea eagle, the osprey, and the mountain hawk-eagle. There are various kinds of waterfowl as well, from seagulls and ducks to the rare brent goose, which winters here, feeding on the abundant seagrass. The Sunda scops owl also inhabits the area. "]
[485,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","動物","カモメ","かもめ","seagull","その他の猛禽類には、オオワシ、ミサゴ、クマタカなどがいます。さらに、カモメやカモ、珍しいコクガンなど、豊富な海草をエサとし、この地域で越冬する多種の水鳥もいます。オオコノハズクもこの地域に生息しています。","Other birds of prey in the area include Steller’s sea eagle, the osprey, and the mountain hawk-eagle. There are various kinds of waterfowl as well, from seagulls and ducks to the rare brent goose, which winters here, feeding on the abundant seagrass. The Sunda scops owl also inhabits the area. "]
[486,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","動物","カモ","かも","duck","その他の猛禽類には、オオワシ、ミサゴ、クマタカなどがいます。さらに、カモメやカモ、珍しいコクガンなど、豊富な海草をエサとし、この地域で越冬する多種の水鳥もいます。オオコノハズクもこの地域に生息しています。","Other birds of prey in the area include Steller’s sea eagle, the osprey, and the mountain hawk-eagle. There are various kinds of waterfowl as well, from seagulls and ducks to the rare brent goose, which winters here, feeding on the abundant seagrass. The Sunda scops owl also inhabits the area. "]
[487,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","動物","コクガン","こくがん","brent goose","その他の猛禽類には、オオワシ、ミサゴ、クマタカなどがいます。さらに、カモメやカモ、珍しいコクガンなど、豊富な海草をエサとし、この地域で越冬する多種の水鳥もいます。オオコノハズクもこの地域に生息しています。","Other birds of prey in the area include Steller’s sea eagle, the osprey, and the mountain hawk-eagle. There are various kinds of waterfowl as well, from seagulls and ducks to the rare brent goose, which winters here, feeding on the abundant seagrass. The Sunda scops owl also inhabits the area. "]
[488,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","動物","オオコノハズク","おおこのはずく","Sunda scops owl","その他の猛禽類には、オオワシ、ミサゴ、クマタカなどがいます。さらに、カモメやカモ、珍しいコクガンなど、豊富な海草をエサとし、この地域で越冬する多種の水鳥もいます。オオコノハズクもこの地域に生息しています。","Other birds of prey in the area include Steller’s sea eagle, the osprey, and the mountain hawk-eagle. There are various kinds of waterfowl as well, from seagulls and ducks to the rare brent goose, which winters here, feeding on the abundant seagrass. The Sunda scops owl also inhabits the area. "]
[489,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","動物","マダラ","まだら","Pacific cod","季節に応じて、シロザケ、ギンザケ、マダラを入手できます。また、アナゴ、ミズダコ、ウニ、貝類もよく売られています。","Depending on the time of year, you may find chum salmon, coho salmon, or Pacific cod. Conger eel, giant Pacific octopus, sea urchin, and clams are also often available."]
[490,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","動物","アナゴ","あなご","Conger eel","季節に応じて、シロザケ、ギンザケ、マダラを入手できます。また、アナゴ、ミズダコ、ウニ、貝類もよく売られています。","Depending on the time of year, you may find chum salmon, coho salmon, or Pacific cod. Conger eel, giant Pacific octopus, sea urchin, and clams are also often available."]
[491,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","動物","ミズダコ","みずだこ","giant Pacific octopus","季節に応じて、シロザケ、ギンザケ、マダラを入手できます。また、アナゴ、ミズダコ、ウニ、貝類もよく売られています。","Depending on the time of year, you may find chum salmon, coho salmon, or Pacific cod. Conger eel, giant Pacific octopus, sea urchin, and clams are also often available."]
[492,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","動物","ウニ","うに","sea urchin","季節に応じて、シロザケ、ギンザケ、マダラを入手できます。また、アナゴ、ミズダコ、ウニ、貝類もよく売られています。","Depending on the time of year, you may find chum salmon, coho salmon, or Pacific cod. Conger eel, giant Pacific octopus, sea urchin, and clams are also often available."]
[493,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","動物","マボヤ","まぼや","sea pineapple","マボヤやツノナシオキアミなどのより珍しい海産物もありますが、より典型的な日本料理を好む人は、地元で採れたワカメを購入したいと考えるでしょう。 ","More exotic offerings include sea pineapple and North Pacific krill, but fans of more typical Japanese cuisine will want to pick up some of the locally harvested wakame seaweed."]
[494,"宮城県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園多言語化促進協議会","動物","ツノナシオキアミ","つのなしおきあみ","North Pacific krill","マボヤやツノナシオキアミなどのより珍しい海産物もありますが、より典型的な日本料理を好む人は、地元で採れたワカメを購入したいと考えるでしょう。 ","More exotic offerings include sea pineapple and North Pacific krill, but fans of more typical Japanese cuisine will want to pick up some of the locally harvested wakame seaweed."]
[495,"宮城県","宗教法人瑞巌寺（多言語解説協議会）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","密教","みっきょう","esoteric Buddhism","円仁(793/794-864)が松島に密教であった天台宗の拠点を設立したといわれています。","Built on the site of two previous temples, Zuiganji traces its roots to the ninth century, when the priest Ennin (793/794–864) is said to have established a base for the Tendai school of esoteric Buddhism in Matsushima. "]
[496,"宮城県","宗教法人瑞巌寺（多言語解説協議会）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","浄土","じょうど","Pure Land","これらの風景や生物は、悟りの領域である純粋な土地（日本語：浄土）を表しています。","These landscapes and creatures represent the Pure Land (Japanese: Jodo), which is the realm of enlightenment."]
[497,"宮城県","宗教法人瑞巌寺（多言語解説協議会）","人物・人名・役職名","観音","かんのん","The Buddhist deity of mercy and compassion","中央のブロンズ像は、慈悲と思いやりの神様である観音（サンスクリット語：Avalokiteśvara）を描述しており、 室町時代（1336年から1573年）まで遡ります。","The bronze figure in the center depicts Kannon, the Buddhist deity of mercy and compassion (Sanskrit: Avalokiteśvara), and dates from the Muromachi period (1336 to 1573)."]
[498,"宮城県","宗教法人瑞巌寺（多言語解説協議会）","その他","中国の古典","ちゅうごくのこてん","Chinese classics","この作品は中国の古典の一場面を描いています。","The artwork depicts a scene from the Chinese classics."]
[499,"宮城県","宗教法人瑞巌寺（多言語解説協議会）","工芸・美術品","金具","かなぐ","metal fittings","他にも、京都の職人によって作られた右側の壁にある金具が、この部屋の主が位の高い人であったことを示しています。","Another indicator of the high status of this room’s occupants are the metal fittings on the wall at right, created by an artisan from Kyoto. "]
[500,"宮城県","宗教法人瑞巌寺（多言語解説協議会）","植物","椿","つばき","camellias","棚に描かれた赤と白の椿は、長寿と繁栄を象徴しています。","Red and white camellias, depicted on the shelves, represent long life and enduring prosperity."]
[501,"宮城県","宗教法人瑞巌寺（多言語解説協議会）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","羅漢","らかん","rakan (Sanskrit: arhat), the disciples of Buddha who attained nirvana and are revered in Zen Buddhism.","障壁画は1878年のもので、涅槃を成就し、禅宗で崇拝された仏の弟子である十六羅漢（サンズクリット：arhat）を描いています。","The wall paintings are from 1878 and depict the sixteen rakan (Sanskrit: arhat), the disciples of Buddha who attained nirvana and are revered in Zen Buddhism."]
[502,"宮城県","宗教法人瑞巌寺（多言語解説協議会）","その他","赤い黄土","あかいおうど","red ochre","少量の赤い黄土がインクと混合され、特有の色合いとなっています。","Small amounts of red ochre were mixed with the ink, giving the work its particular hue."]
[503,"宮城県","宗教法人瑞巌寺（多言語解説協議会）","植物","薬草","やくそう","medicinal plant","菊は元来、薬草として中国から日本に持ち込まれ、医師の控え室に描くには適切なものとされていました。","Chrysanthemums were originally brought to Japan from China as a medicinal plant, making them an appropriate subject for a space set aside for physicians."]
[504,"宮城県","宗教法人瑞巌寺（多言語解説協議会）","人物・人名・役職名","弟子","でし"," disciple","オリジナルは一門（生没不明）という佐久間左京（1581–1658）の弟子によって描かれており、寺の博物館（青龍殿）に移されています。","The originals, which have been moved to the Temple Museum (Seiryuden), were painted by a disciple of Sakuma Sakyo (1581–1658) named Ichimon (unknown-unknown)."]
[505,"宮城県","宗教法人瑞巌寺（多言語解説協議会）","人物・人名・役職名","家臣","かしん","samurai retainers","伊達家の高位の家臣達がこの部屋に控えていました。","The high-ranking samurai retainers of the Date family waited in this room. "]
[506,"宮城県","宗教法人瑞巌寺（多言語解説協議会）","その他","御成","おなり","onari","お成りと呼ばれる、高位の貴族が外出するために宮殿や荘園を離れるのは、大きな出来事であったため、この特権的でほとんど使用されないスペースが設けられていました。","This exclusive and rarely used space takes its name from the word onari, an honorific term for the arrival or departure of high-ranking nobles. "]
[507,"宮城県","宗教法人瑞巌寺（多言語解説協議会）","建造物等","唐戸","からと"," folding doors (karato)","雲、牡丹、菊、鳥の彫刻で彩られたこれらの中国式の折り畳み式ドア（唐戸）は、法要の間につながっています。","Adorned with carvings of clouds, peonies, chrysanthemums and birds, these Chinese-style folding doors (karato) lead to the ceremony hall. "]
[508,"宮城県","宗教法人瑞巌寺（多言語解説協議会）","建造物等","欄間","らんま","transoms (ranma)","これらの部屋のドアの上にある欄間は、現在の和歌山県の根来の有名な職人、刑部左衛門国次（生没不明）によって彫られました。","The transoms (ranma) above the doors to these rooms were carved by Osakabe Saemon Kunitsugu (unkown-unkown)."]
[509,"宮城県","宗教法人瑞巌寺（多言語解説協議会）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","涅槃","ねはん","nirvana","禅美術では、龍や虎は涅槃を達成した仏教の修行者を表すためによく使われています。","In Zen art, dragons and tigers are often used to represent Buddhist practitioners who have attained nirvana. "]
[510,"宮城県","宗教法人瑞巌寺（多言語解説協議会）","建造物等","庫裡","くり","The living quarters of a Zen temple","日本語で庫裡と呼ばれる部屋は、禅寺の居間で、台所、僧侶の部屋、応接間と客人のための寝室を兼ねています。","The living quarters of a Zen temple, called kuri in Japanese, contain the kitchen, the priests’ rooms, and the reception and sleeping areas for guests. "]
[511,"宮城県","宗教法人瑞巌寺（多言語解説協議会）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","本堂","ほんどう","main hall","この廊下は庫裡と本堂を結んでいます。","This corridor connects the kuri to the main hall. "]
[512,"宮城県","宗教法人瑞巌寺（多言語解説協議会）","建造物等","太鼓塀","たいこべい","drum wall (taikohei)","門の西側の壁はドラム壁（太鼓塀）となっています。","The wall on the west side of the gate is a drum wall (taikohei). "]
[513,"宮城県","宗教法人瑞巌寺（多言語解説協議会）","植物","埋れ木","うもれぎ","“sunken trees” (umoregi)","「沈んだ木」（埋れ木）は、自然で豊かな色から珍重されます。","The wood of “sunken trees” (umoregi) is prized for its naturally rich color. "]
[514,"宮城県","宗教法人瑞巌寺（多言語解説協議会）","建造物等","瓦葺","かわらぶき","tile-roofed","この切妻本瓦葺の門の正確な建立日は不明です。","The precise construction date of this gabled, tile-roofed gate is unknown."]
[515,"宮城県","宗教法人瑞巌寺（多言語解説協議会）","その他","蝦夷","えにし","Emishi, an aboriginal group that inhabited Tohoku at the time,","その歴史はもっと古くに遡る：当時、東北に住んでいた先住民族の蝦夷を倒すために、都から送られた将軍の坂上 田村麻呂（758-811）が、北の守護神として知られ、仏教の武神である毘沙門（サンスクリット語：Vaiśravaṇa）を拝むための礼拝所をここに建てたと言われています。","The site has even older associations: Sakanoue no Tamuramaro (758–811), a general sent by the Imperial Court to defeat the Emishi, an aboriginal group that inhabited Tohoku at the time, is said to have erected a place of worship here for Bishamon (Sanskrit: Vaiśravaṇa), a fierce Buddhist deity known as the guardian of the North"]
[516,"宮城県","宗教法人瑞巌寺（多言語解説協議会）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","雲版","うんぱん","unpan","禅寺では、雲版と呼ばれる雲のような形の青銅器のどらを鳴らし朝食と昼食を知らせます。","At Zen temples, breakfast and lunch are announced by the striking of cloud-shaped bronze gongs called unpan."]
[517,"宮城県","宗教法人瑞巌寺（多言語解説協議会）","その他","創設者","そうせつしゃ","founder","この道の両側にある梅の木は、瑞巌寺の創設者の藩主伊達政宗（1567–1636）によって朝鮮半島から持ち込まれました。","The plum trees on either side of this path were brought from the Korean peninsula by the feudal lord Date Masamune (1567–1636), the founder of Zuiganji Temple. "]
[518,"宮城県","宗教法人瑞巌寺（多言語解説協議会）","工芸・美術品","木製の像","もくせいのぞう","wooden statue","政宗のこの木製の像は、死後17年たった1652年につくられました。","This wooden statue of Masamune was created in 1652, seventeen years after his death."]
[519,"宮城県","宗教法人瑞巌寺（多言語解説協議会）","工芸・美術品","脇差","わきざし","wakizashi","脇差は「脇に挿入している」ことを意味し、短いほうの刀のことを言います。","Wakizashi means “inserted at the side,” and was the shorter of the pair of swords."]
[520,"宮城県","宗教法人瑞巌寺（多言語解説協議会）","その他","描く","えがく","inscribed","表面に描かれた文章は、松島の歴史と伊達政宗(1567–1636）による瑞巌寺建設の歴史を記録しています。","The text inscribed on the surface records the history of Matsushima and the founding of Zuiganji by Date Masamune (1567–1636). "]
[521,"宮城県","宗教法人瑞巌寺（多言語解説協議会）","植物","杉","すぎ","cedar trees","杉の木が瑞巌寺の本堂へと続く道に並んでいます。","Cedar trees line the approach to Zuiganji Temple’s main buildings. "]
[522,"宮城県","宗教法人瑞巌寺（多言語解説協議会）","建造物等","墓碑","ぼひ","memorial markers","これらの洞窟は、仏教徒が亡くなった親族を供養するために墓碑を彫る人気の場所となりました。","These caves became a popular place for Buddhists to carve memorial markers for deceased relatives"]
[523,"宮城県","宗教法人瑞巌寺（多言語解説協議会）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","参道","さんどう","main approach","1682年に建てられたこの小さな下位の寺院は、もとは瑞巌寺に通じる主な参道の入口側に面していたが、18世紀になって女性参拝者に対応するためその向きが変えられました。","This small temple, built in 1682, originally faced the opposite direction, with its entrance on the main approach to Zuiganji, but it was rotated in the eighteenth century to accommodate women visitors. "]
[524,"宮城県","宗教法人瑞巌寺（多言語解説協議会）","建造物等","方丈","ほうじょう","hojo","1609年に完成した瑞巌寺本堂は方丈建築に従って建てられた。もともとは住居としての建物であったが、1600年代までには禅寺の本堂として使用されていました。","Completed in 1609, the main hall was built following the layout for a hojo, a type of building that was originally meant to be living quarters but by the 1600s was used as the main hall of a Zen temple. "]
[525,"宮城県","宗教法人瑞巌寺（多言語解説協議会）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","法華経","ほっけきょう","Lotus Sutra","他の功績の中でも、彼は法華経を60,000巻唱え、浮上と瞬間移動の力を得たと言われています。","Among other feats, he is said to have recited sections of the Lotus Sutra 60,000 times and gained the powers of levitation and teleportation. "]
[526,"宮城県","宗教法人瑞巌寺（多言語解説協議会）","植物","せっこく","せっこく","Matsushima Sekkoku (Dendrobium moniliforme)","せっこくは、北東アジア、ヒマラヤおよび北インドシナに固有の野生のラン（dendrobium moniliforme）の一種です。","Sekkoku are a species of wild orchid (dendrobium moniliforme) native to Northeast Asia, the Himalayas and northern Indochina."]
[527,"宮城県","宗教法人瑞巌寺（多言語解説協議会）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","霊廟","れいびょう","mausoleum","彼女の孫綱宗（1640–1711）は、愛姫の死から7年後の1660年に、この豪華な霊屋を建てました。","Megohime’s grandson Tsunamune (1640–1711) built this ornate mausoleum in 1660, seven years after her death. "]
[528,"秋田県","男鹿版ＤＭＯインバウンド推進委員会","芸能・興行・イベント","なまはげ","なまはげ","Namahage","なまはげは、男鹿の山の神々の化身と考えられています。","The Namahage are considered incarnations of the mountain deities of Oga."]
[529,"秋田県","男鹿版ＤＭＯインバウンド推進委員会","年中行事","小正月","こしょうがつ","Koshogatsu","なまはげは歴史的には、新年最初の満月を祝う祭りの小正月（「小さな正月」）の夜に出現していました。","The Namahage historically appeared on the evening of Koshogatsu (the “little New Year”), a festival that celebrates the first full moon of the new year. "]
[530,"秋田県","男鹿版ＤＭＯインバウンド推進委員会","食","あきたこまち","あきたこまち","Akita Komachi ","家長は、同居している高齢の母がその酒を地元のあきたこまち米を使ってなまはげのために特別に作った旨を伝えます。","The head of the household talks about how his elderly mother, who lives with the family, made this sake especially for the Namahage using local Akita Komachi rice."]
[531,"秋田県","男鹿版ＤＭＯインバウンド推進委員会","食","餅","もち","mochi","家捜しをやめてくれるようお願いしながら、ナマハゲに丸いお餅を差し出します。","Imploring the Namahage to abandon their search, he offers them a round cake of mochi (pounded rice)."]
[532,"秋田県","男鹿版ＤＭＯインバウンド推進委員会","その他","ナモミ","なもみ","namomi","なまはげの語源となったナモミという言葉は、男鹿地方の方言で、手や足に発生する低温火傷痕である「温熱性紅斑」を意味します。","The roots of the word namahage are in namomi, a term in the Oga dialect that means “heat blisters”; spots or rashes on hands and feet caused by overexposure to heat."]
[533,"秋田県","男鹿版ＤＭＯインバウンド推進委員会","芸能・興行・イベント","ナモミハギ","なもみはぎ","namomihagi","一方で、ナモミハギという言葉は、怠け癖がバレてしまうこの火傷痕を取り除く（より文字通り表現するなら「剥ぎ取る」）ことを意味する言葉でした。","Namomihagi, meanwhile, was the word for the act of removing (more literally, “peeling off”) such signs of idleness."]
[534,"秋田県","男鹿版ＤＭＯインバウンド推進委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","鬼","おに","oni","同皇帝のしもべとして働くよう派遣された鬼たち（オーガのような生き物で、聖なる存在と見なされている）は、毎日疲れ知らずに働きましたが、1年のうち1日だけは村に入ることを許されました。","Dispatched to work as the monarch’s retainers, these oni (ogre-like beings regarded as having divine qualities) labored tirelessly every day of the year except one, when they were allowed to enter the villages. "]
[535,"秋田県","男鹿版ＤＭＯインバウンド推進委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","赤神","あかがみ","akagami","また赤は男鹿の赤神神社などの地名にも見られます。赤神とは「赤い神」を意味します。","It also appears in the names of places such as Oga’s Akagami Shrine, where akagami means “red gods.”"]
[536,"秋田県","男鹿版ＤＭＯインバウンド推進委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","山伏","やまぶし","ascetic monks","男鹿半島を代表する2つの山である本山と真山には、かつては山を神聖なものとして信仰していた山伏が多く集まっていました。","The two main peaks of the Oga Peninsula, Mt. Honzan and Mt. Shinzan, were once popular destinations for ascetic monks who worshiped the mountains as deities. "]
[537,"秋田県","男鹿版ＤＭＯインバウンド推進委員会","芸能・興行・イベント","なまはげ太鼓","なまはげだいこ","Namahage-Daiko","なまはげ太鼓は、男鹿に特有の舞台芸術で、太鼓の演奏と同地域のなまはげの独特な動き及び外見を組み合わせたものです。","Namahage-Daiko is a performance art unique to Oga. It combines taiko drumming with the distinctive movement and appearance of the Namahage of the region. "]
[538,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","高原・湿原・原野","林道","りんどう","logging road","小岳（1,042 m）の頂上へ続く登山コースは、旧林道である。","The trail to the summit of Mt. Kodake (1,042 m) is an old logging road."]
[539,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","動物","クマ棚","くまだな","bear shelf","運が良ければ、熊がブナの実を食べるときに座るために枝を集めて作った棚状の「クマ棚」が見られるかもしれない。","Lucky observers might also spot a kumadana, or “bear shelf,” a temporary platform of branches made by the bears to sit on while they eat the beechnuts."]
[540,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","高原・湿原・原野","原生林","げんせいりん","primeval beech forest","日本の多くの地域とは異なり、人工のものが一切なく、道路すらもないため、ブナの原生林や周囲の山々の景色を遮るものがない。この地域のいくつかの大きな山が見える。","Unlike most of Japan, nothing created by humans—not even a road—interrupts the view of the primeval beech forest and the surrounding peaks. "]
[541,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","動物","ツキノワグマ","つきのわぐま","Asian black bears","登山コースに沿って生長する植物を食べようとして、動物が山から出てくることが多いため、登山者はニホンザルや野生のイノシシ、ツキノワグマに注意する必要がある。","As animals often come out of the mountains to feed on plants that grow along the trail, hikers should be on the alert for Japanese macaques, wild boar, and Asian black bears."]
[542,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","山岳","登山口","とざんぐち","trailhead","登山口から約1,000メートルのところに来ると、登山コースはブナダイラ、つまり「ブナの平地」として知られるエリアに続いている。","About 1,000 meters from the trailhead, the trail goes through Bunadaira, a relatively flat area filled with old beeches."]
[543,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","植物","老齢樹","ろうれいじゅ","old-growth trees","白神山地の大部分はブナの老齢樹に覆われており、核心地域は8,000年以上にわたって人間の手が加えられていない。","Much of Shirakami Sanchi is covered by old-growth beech trees, and the core zone has been largely untouched by humans for over 8,000 years."]
[544,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","植物","森林再生","しんりんさいせい","reforestation","戦後の大規模な森林再生プロジェクトにより、地域の森の多くが杉の木に植え替えられたが、白神山地の核心地域の多くは、その人里離れた立地から、プロジェクトの対象とならずに済んだ。","But due to the remote location, much of the core zone was spared from the huge postwar reforestation projects that replaced many local forests with Japanese cedar."]
[545,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","高原・湿原・原野","木道","もくどう","boardwalk","湿原には木道が設置されており、歩行者から脆弱な生態系を保護し、ビジターの靴についた外来種の種子が湿原に持ち込まれるのを防いでいる。","Boardwalks are installed across the wetland to protect the fragile ecosystem from foot traffic and to limit the introduction of non-native seeds tracked in on visitors’ shoes."]
[546,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","植物","針葉樹","しんようじゅ","conifer","斜面には、針葉樹林に混じって落葉低木が生えており、それらは主にサワラヒノキやスギである。","The slopes nourish deciduous shrubs mingled with stands of conifers, mostly Sawara cypress (Chamaecyparis pisifera) and Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica). "]
[547,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","その他","環境活動家","かんきょうかつどうか","environmental activists","登山口への道はかつては林道であり、森を抜けて青森県に至る予定だったが、1990年に環境活動家により工事が中止された。","The road to the trailhead was once a logging road and was planned to cut through forest into Aomori Prefecture, but construction was stopped by environmental activists in 1990."]
[548,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","その他","植生","しょくせい","vegetation","山頂付近の植生には、ダケカンバ、チシマザサ、ミズナラの高山型であるミヤマナラなどがある。","Vegetation around the summit includes Erman’s birch (Betula ermanii), Chishima bamboo grass (Sasa kurilensis), and miyamanara (Quercus crispula var. horikawae), an alpine variety of oak tree."]
[549,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","動物","純血種","じゅんけつしゅ","purebred","藤里のホゲット肉は、白神山地のふもとの町にある80ヘクタールの土地で放牧されている純血種のサフォーク種の羊の肉である。","Fujisato’s hogget comes from purebred Suffolk sheep that graze on 80 hectares of town land at the foot of the Shirakami Sanchi mountains. "]
[550,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","自然現象","氷筍","ひょうじゅん","stalagmite of ice","銚子の滝は、ドーム状の巨大な氷筍を造り上げるが、それは滝つぼからから2メートルにまで達することがある。","Chōshi Falls develops a large, dome-like stalagmite of ice that can rise up to 2 meters above the base of the falls."]
[551,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","その他","硫酸塩","りゅうさんえん","sulfate","湯には塩化ナトリウムと硫酸塩が含まれている。","The water contains sodium chloride and sulfate."]
[552,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","動物","獅子","しし","legendary guardian lions","これは、獅子と呼ばれる様式化されたライオンの格好をした3名の踊り手によって演じられる。","Shishi are legendary guardian lions, and shishi dances are regular features of religious festivals in Japan. "]
[553,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","河川・渓谷","渓谷","けいこく","gorge","山を下って流れ落ちる際、川は河床を浸食し、大きな岩石のあちこちが湾曲している険しい渓谷を形成した。","In its descent from the mountains, the river has eroded the land into a steep gorge with many twists and turns around large rock formations."]
[554,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","その他","地下水面","ちかすいめん","water table","ブナは白神山地の環境にとって特に重要であり、ブナによって雨水が地下水面に運ばれる。","Beeches are particularly important to the environment of Shirakami Sanchi, they transport rainwater into the water table. "]
[555,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","滝浴び","たきあび","waterfall rinsing","そしてこの滝浴びはとても活気があったため、祭りにずっと取り入れられることとなった。","This takiabi, or “waterfall rinsing,” was so invigorating that it became a permanent addition to the festival."]
[556,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","植物","多年生","たねんせい","perennial","英語でよく「watershield」と呼ばれるじゅんさいは、食用の新芽を持つ多年生の水生植物で、日本料理では珍味とされている。","Junsai, often called “watershield” in English, is a perennial aquatic plant with edible buds that are considered a delicacy in Japanese cuisine."]
[557,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","建造物等","ベニヤ板\nべニア板","べにやいた\nべにあいた","veneer","1階の他の部屋には、建物が完成するわずか数年前に能代で考案された、当時の最先端の技術である張柾合板（ラワン板に貼る杉のベニヤ板）が展示されている。","Other rooms on the first floor display harimasa plywood (a veneer of cedar applied to lauan boards), a cutting-edge technique invented in Noshiro only a few years before the building was finished."]
[558,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","自然現象","豪雨","ごうう","heavy rains","それらは幅が狭く、豪雨が続いた後に通ると危険な場合がある。","They are narrow and may be dangerous following heavy rains. "]
[559,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","人物・人名・役職名","供奉員","ぐぶいん","retinue","新しく造られた道路を旅している間、天皇は供奉員とともに立ち止まり、川の向こう側にある七座山を眺めた。","While traveling on the newly made road, the emperor stopped with his retinue to observe Mt. Nanakura on the other side of the river."]
[560,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","その他","肥料","ひりょう","fertilizer","森林で採られた木材は燃料として使用することができ、落ち葉は優れた肥料になった。","Wood from the forest could be used as fuel, and fallen leaves made excellent fertilizer. "]
[561,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","集落・街","集落","しゅうらく","hamlet","八森は、日本海と白神山地の山々に挟まれた小さな集落である。","Hachimori is a small hamlet sandwiched between the Sea of Japan and the mountains of Shirakami Sanchi."]
[562,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","人物・人名・役職名","お殿","おとの","second lord","地元の言い伝えによると、津軽藩のお殿または二代目藩主であった津軽信牧（1586～1631年）が、大間越街道（現在の国道101号線）を通って江戸に旅立ったとき、休憩のために野原で家臣を止めさせた。","According to local legend, when the second lord, or otono, of the Tsugaru clan, Tsugaru Nobuhira (1586–1631) was traveling to Edo on the Ōmagoshikaidō road (now Route 101), he stopped his retinue in an open field to rest. "]
[563,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","乗物","駕籠","かご","palanquin or litter","当時、藩主は駕籠、つまり担い籠で移動していたが、籠を担ぐ者のためだけでなく、大名も体を伸ばすために頻繁に立ち止まる必要があったのである。","In those days the lord of a domain would travel by palanquin or litter, which required frequent stops not only for the carriers but so that the lord could stretch, a practice known as nodachi. "]
[564,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","乗物","輿","かご","palanquin or litter","当時、藩主は輿、つまり担い籠で移動していたが、籠を担ぐ者のためだけでなく、大名も体を伸ばすために頻繁に立ち止まる必要があったのである。","In those days the lord of a domain would travel by palanquin or litter, which required frequent stops not only for the carriers but so that the lord could stretch, a practice known as nodachi. "]
[565,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","乗物","木彫りカヌー","きぼりかぬう","dugout canoe","木彫りカヌーは有史以前の時代から日本で造られてきたが、1950年代に北米スタイルのカヌーとカヤックが人気を博した。","Dugout canoes have been built in Japan since prehistoric times, but North American style canoes and kayaks became popular in the 1950s."]
[566,"秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）仙北市多言語解説検討協議会","史跡","武家屋敷","ぶけやしき","bukeyashiki","角館には、江戸時代（1603-1867）に建てられた「武家屋敷」と呼ばれる威厳あふれる武士の邸宅が数多くあります。","Kakunodate is home to a number of stately samurai residences called bukeyashiki, that date back to the Edo period (1603–1867). "]
[567,"秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）仙北市多言語解説検討協議会","植物","シダレザクラ","しだれざくら","shidare zakura\n","角館の旧武家町のシダレザクラは、国の天然記念物に指定されています。","The weeping cherry trees (shidare zakura) in Kakunodate’s former samurai district are designated a National Natural Monument. "]
[568,"秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）仙北市多言語解説検討協議会","人物・人名・役職名","佐竹北家","さたけほっけ","North Satake clan","石黒家は、1650年代から江戸時代（1603-1867）の終わりに幕藩体制が廃止されるまで角館を治めた佐竹北家の家臣でした。","The Ishiguro family were stewards of the North Satake clan, the rulers of Kakunodate from the 1650s until the end of the Edo period (1603–1867) when the feudal domain system was abolished. "]
[569,"秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）仙北市多言語解説検討協議会","人物・人名・役職名","蘆名氏","あしなし","Ashina family","青柳家は、1603年から1653年に家系が断絶するまで角館を治めた蘆名氏の譜代でした。","The Aoyagi family were hereditary retainers of the Ashina family, which ruled Kakunodate from 1603 until its family line died out in 1653. "]
[570,"秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）仙北市多言語解説検討協議会","工芸・美術品","イタヤ細工","いたやざいく","itaya wickerwork","松本家の武家屋敷は一般公開されており、春から秋にかけてイタヤ細工 (itaya wickerwork)の実演が行われます。イタヤ細工は、イタヤカエデの細い帯でさまざまな品を編み上げる200年の歴史を持つ工芸です。","The Matsumoto house is open to the public, and from spring to fall hosts demonstrations of itaya wickerwork, the 200-year-old craft of weaving various objects using thin strips of maple wood.","※できるだけ、「bamboowork」や「wickerwick」などの「-work」 接尾辞を使う。"]
[571,"秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）仙北市多言語解説検討協議会","社会","石","こく","koku","岩橋家は毎年75石の俸禄を受け取りました。1石は大人１人が1年間に消費する米、およそ140キログラムに相当します。","They received a yearly stipend of 75 koku—one koku was equivalent to the amount of rice a man consumed in a year, roughly 140 kilograms."]
[572,"秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）仙北市多言語解説検討協議会","建造物等","書院造り","しょいんづく","shoin-zukuri ","河原田家は明治時代（1868-1912）に現在の場所に移り住みましたが、屋敷は江戸時代（1603-1867）の初期に一般的だった様式で建てられました。この古い様式を示す特徴として、書院造りという江戸時代の住宅建築様式でつくられた謹厳な座敷が挙げられます。","The Kawarada family moved to their current location during the Meiji era (1868–1912), but the house was constructed in a style common in the early Edo period (1603–1867). Among the features that showcase this older style are the formal tatami rooms, which are built in the Edo shoin-zukuri style of residential architecture. "]
[573,"秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）仙北市多言語解説検討協議会","書物","解体新書","かいたいしんしょ","Kaitai shinsho","小田野家は、今宮家を介して角館の領主であった佐竹北家に仕えました。この屋敷は小田野直武（1749-1780）の子孫が所有していました。小野田直武は、日本で最初に日本語に訳された西洋医学の教科書「解体新書」の図版を描きました。解体新書は、もともとはAnatomische Tabellenというドイツの解剖学の本がオランダ語に訳されたものでした。 ","The Odano family served the North Satake clan, Kakunodate’s rulers, through their relationship with the Imamiya family. This house belonged to descendants of Odano Naotake (1749–1780), who was the illustrator of the first Japanese translation of a Western medical textbook, Kaitai shinsho, originally a Dutch translation of the German anatomy book Anatomische Tabellen. "]
[574,"秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）仙北市多言語解説検討協議会","年中行事","角館祭り","かくのだてまつり","Kakunodate Festival","毎年9月7日から9日にかけて行われる角館祭りは、角館の歴史的な通りに色彩と活気の旋風をもたらします。1799年の佐竹北家の史料に最初の記載があるこの祭りは、繁栄、豊穣、息災を祈願するものです。 ","From September 7 to 9, the annual Kakunodate Festival brings a whirlwind of color and energy to the historic streets of Kakunodate. First mentioned in the North Satake clan’s historical documents in 1799, the festival is a call for prosperity, good harvest, and health. "]
[575,"秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）仙北市多言語解説検討協議会","湖沼","田沢湖","たざわこ","Lake Tazawa","水深423.4メートルの田沢湖は、日本で最も深い湖です。","At 423.4 meters deep, Lake Tazawa is Japan’s deepest lake. "]
[576,"秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）仙北市多言語解説検討協議会","建造物等","たつこ像","たつこぞう","The Statue of Tatsuko","たつこ像　","The Statue of Tatsuko","※タイトルなら「The」をつけるとインパクトがある。珍しい像や独特のな表記がある像でいい。よく見られる仏像などに合わない。"]
[577,"秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）仙北市多言語解説検討協議会","その他","飲水思源","いんすいしげん","Insuishigen","飲水思源像: 日本と台湾の友好のシンボル "," Insuishigen: A Symbol of Friendship Between Japan and Taiwan","※像のに記念碑に見えるから、「Mounument」か「Symbol」のほうが合う。"]
[578,"秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）仙北市多言語解説検討協議会","岩石・洞窟","御座石","ござのいし","Goza-no-ishi","御座石は、イグサで編まれた敷物（ござ）を思わせる大きく平らな石です。","Goza-no-ishi is a large, flat rock (ishi) reminiscent of a goza, a mat woven of rushes. "]
[579,"秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）仙北市多言語解説検討協議会","植物","七色木","なないろぎ","Nanairo-gi/“Seven-Colored Tree”","付近には、七種類（マツ、スギ、サクラ、エンジュ、ハンノキ、ナシ、エゴノキ）が一つの幹に生えている七色木（Seven-Colored Tree）があります。","Nearby stands Nanairo-gi, the “Seven-Colored Tree,” with seven different species of trees (pine, cedar, cherry, pagoda, Japanese alder, pear, and snowbell) all growing from a single trunk."]
[580,"秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）仙北市多言語解説検討協議会","海岸・岬","鳴き砂","なきすな","nakisuna","何年もの間、白浜は砂の上を歩くと高い音がする「鳴き砂」で有名でした。すべての人に砂の歌が聞こえるわけではありませんが、訪れる人は皆美しい浜辺を楽しむことができます。","For many years, the beach was famous for its nakisuna, or “singing sand,” which would make a high-pitched sound when walked upon. "]
[581,"秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）仙北市多言語解説検討協議会","人物・人名・役職名","たつこ姫乃神","たつこひめのかみ","Tatsuko-hime-no-kami","恐ろしいことに、たつこは自分の姿が龍に変わっていることに気づき、田沢湖に身を投げました。たつこは、たつこ姫乃神という田沢湖の龍神になり、今でも湖を守っています。","Then to her horror, Tatsuko realized that she had transformed into a dragon and threw herself into Lake Tazawa. She had become—and remains still—the dragon guardian of the lake: Tatsuko-hime-no-kami."]
[582,"秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）仙北市多言語解説検討協議会","工芸・美術品","樺細工","かばざいく","kaba-zaiku/cherry bark work","角館樺細工伝承館は、この地域の主要な伝統工芸である樺細工を振興するため1978年に開館しました。","The Kakunodate Kaba-Zaiku Densho-Kan (Kakunodate Cherry Bark Work Museum) opened in 1978 to promote the area’s principal traditional artisanal craft, kaba-zaiku, or cherry bark work. "]
[583,"秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）仙北市多言語解説検討協議会","工芸・美術品","工芸","こうげい","kogei","1976年、樺細工は秋田県で初の国の伝統的工芸品に指定されました。","In 1976, it was designated as a traditional protected kogei craft, a first for Akita.","※英語辞書にないけど、知るべし日本語だから、できるだけ外来語として使うほうがいい。"]
[584,"秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）仙北市多言語解説検討協議会","岩石・洞窟","北投石","ほくとうせき","Hokutolite/hokutoseki","日本語で北投石と呼ばれるホクトライト（Hokutolite）は、鉛とラジウムを含み、硫酸バリウムと硫酸鉛から構成される、軽度の放射性を伴う鉱物です。","Hokutolite, called hokutoseki in Japanese, is a mildly radioactive mineral composed of barium and lead sulfate with lead and radium. "]
[585,"秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）仙北市多言語解説検討協議会","温泉","玉川温泉","たまがわおんせん","Tamagawa Onsen","日本で最も湧出量の多い玉川温泉の源泉からは、毎分約8,400リットルの湯が噴出します。","Every minute approximately 8,400 liters of water gush out of Tamagawa Onsen’s hot springs, the highest output of any hot spring in Japan. ","※地方に行ったら「Tamagawa Hot Springs」などの看板やパンフはないから、ただしい日本語の表記をついながら「hot springs」が入っている文章のほうが説明力がある。"]
[586,"秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）仙北市多言語解説検討協議会","建造物等","神の岩橋","かみのいわはし","Kami-no-iwahashi/“Rock Bridge of the Gods”","1926年に建築された神の岩橋（Rock Bridge of the Gods）は、秋田県で最も古い吊り橋です。","Kami-no-iwahashi, or the “Rock Bridge of the Gods,” was completed in 1926, making it the oldest suspension bridge in Akita Prefecture. "]
[587,"秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）仙北市多言語解説検討協議会","滝","回顧の滝","みかえりのたき","Mikaeri-no-taki Waterfall/“to turn around for another look” waterfall ","この地域の有名な景勝地のひとつ、回顧の滝は、抱返り渓谷の崖面を階段状に流れ落ちる落差30メートルの滝です。","Mikaeri-no-taki Waterfall, one of the area’s most famous scenic spots, is a 30-meter cascade over a cliffside of the Dakigaeri Valley. "]
[588,"秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）仙北市多言語解説検討協議会","河川・渓谷","抱返り渓谷","だきがえりけいこく","Dakigaeri Valley/\"embrace and turn around\" valley","抱返り渓谷の魅力 ","The Allure of the Dakigaeri Valley"]
[589,"秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）仙北市多言語解説検討協議会","山岳","秋田駒ケ岳","あきたこまがたけ","Mt. Akita-Komagatake","秋田駒ケ岳は、秋田県南部にある奥羽山脈の一部の山々の総称で、一番高い1,637メートルの男女岳（おなめだけ）、男岳（おだけ）、女岳（めだけ）からなります。","Mt. Akita-Komagatake is the collective name for several peaks in the Ou mountain range found in southern Akita Prefecture, and includes Mt. Onamedake—the highest peak at 1,637 meters—Mt. Odake and Mt. Medake. "]
[590,"秋田県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）仙北市多言語解説検討協議会","動物","鮎","あゆ","sweetfish (ayu)","桧木内川の清く澄んだ水は、鮎釣りをする釣り人を引き寄せます。","In addition to the attraction of the cherry trees, the clean, clear waters of the Hinokinaigawa River draw fishing enthusiasts angling for sweetfish (ayu). "]
[591,"山形県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（蔵王）","自然現象","スノーモンスター","スノーモンスター","Snow Monsters (or Ice Monsters)","「スノーモンスター」は日本語では樹氷と呼ばれています。","The Snow Monsters (or Ice Monsters) are called juhyo in Japanese. "]
[592,"山形県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（蔵王）","レジャー・アクティビティ","バックカントリースキー","バックカントリースキー"," backcountry skiing","バックカントリースキーの経験が豊富であっても、蔵王はバックカントリースキーエリアではありません。","Regardless of your backcountry skiing experience, Zao is not a backcountry ski area. "]
[593,"山形県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（蔵王）","その他","コース","コース","course","ザンゲ坂コースとしても知られる樹氷原コースは最も長いコースです。 ","Also known as the Zange Zaka Course, the Juhyogen Course is the longest course on the mountain. "]
[594,"山形県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（蔵王）","その他","北側","きたがわ","north side","山の北側の中心的な場所（スキーヤーの視点から見て右側）の大平コースは幅広く（約30メートル）、グレードも多少変化しているため、このコースは最も人気のあるコースの1つになっています。","A central hub for the north side of the mountain, (the right side, from the skier’s perspective) the Ohira Course is wide, (roughly thirty meters) and has some nice variation in grade, making it one of the more popular courses on the mountain."]
[595,"山形県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（蔵王）","その他","キックターン","キックターン","hairpin turns","高取コースは上の台ゲレンデに到達すると、斜度23°の赤コースに移行するが、スロープは十分に広く、初心者でも長い斜滑降そしてキックターンを繰り返せば、スピードをコントロールできます。","Please be aware the Takatori Course does transition into a red course with a steep 23° pitch when it reaches the Uwanodai Slope area, but the slope is wide enough that beginners should be able to easily control their speed with long hairpin turns."]
[596,"山形県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（蔵王）","その他","困難な地形","こんなんなちけい","challenging terrain","A / Bコースの最上部は、蔵王の最も困難な地形を含む38°の壁です。 ","A variety of competitions are held here throughout the year. The top of the A/B Course is a 38° wall which contains some of the most challenging terrain at Zao. "]
[597,"山形県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（蔵王）","その他","ゆったりとした","ゆったりとした","gentle","ユートピア・ゲレンデの始まりにあるゆったりとした穏やかなコースで、山を横切って菖蒲沼ゲレンデへと向かいます。","It is a long, gentle course found at the beginning of the Utopia Slope that takes you across the mountain to the Shobunuma Slope. "]
[598,"山形県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（蔵王）","その他","緩勾配","かんこうばい","light grade","その緩勾配のコースと温泉の町へいちばん近い理由で、練習と子供向けとして人気があります。 ","Its light grade and proximity to the onsen town make it a popular place for lessons and children. "]
[599,"山形県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（蔵王）","建造物等","ジャンプ台","じゃんぷだい","ski jump","クラレ蔵王シャンツェジャンプ台の隣に位置し、4つ以上の異なる斜面で山裾に下ります","Located next to the Kuraray Zao Schanze ski jump and with more than four different slopes to take down to the bottom, this is a great spot for families and beginners. "]
[600,"山形県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（蔵王）","その他","急勾配","きゅうこうばい","sharp incline","左側コースは急勾配を持っていてポール練習によく使われ、右側のコースは優しく初心者むきになっています。","The left trail has a sharp incline and is often used for pole practice, while the right trail is softer and better for beginners. "]
[601,"山形県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（蔵王）","レジャー・アクティビティ","ゲレンデ","ゲレンデ","slope ","中央ゲレンデは山で最も人気のあるゲレンデの一つです。 ","The Chuo Slope is one of the most popular slopes on the mountain. "]
[602,"山形県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（蔵王）","自然現象","霧氷","むひょう","the ice on the trees","晴れた日には太陽が木々の霧氷を照らし、クリスタルのように輝かせます。","On sunny days the sun shines through the ice on the trees, making them sparkle like crystal. "]
[603,"山形県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（蔵王）","その他","迂回","うかい","roundabout ","しかし初心者向けによりなだらかな迂回ルートが壁の終点と同じ場所にあります。","There is a more roundabout route with a gentler slope for beginners that ends at the same location as the wall. "]
[604,"山形県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（蔵王）","山岳","山全体","やまぜんたい","whole mountain","菖蒲沼ゲレンデは山全体で最もなだらかなゲレンデの一つで、斜度はわずか10°なので、スキーやスノーボードの初心者が試すには最適の場所です。","Shobunuma is one of gentlest slopes on the whole mountain and has a general grade of only 10°, which makes it a good place to give lessons to anyone trying skiing or snowboarding for the first time. "]
[605,"山形県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（蔵王）","その他","パノラマ・ビュー","パノラマ・ビュー","panoramic view","コタン・ゲレンデはパラダイス・ゲレンデのすぐ北（スキーヤーから見て右側）にあり、遠くの山々の美しいパノラマ・ビューが楽しめます。 ","The Kotan Slope is just north of the Paradise Slope (to the right, from the skier’s perspective) and has a beautiful panoramic view of the distant mountains"]
[606,"山形県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（蔵王）","その他","滑降する","かっこうする"," ski down","トリプル・リフトで3つ目の駅まで上がった後は、ゲレンデを滑降して、カモシカ大橋を渡って、上の台ゲレンデとサンライズ・ゲレンデに行けます。","After taking the Triple Lift up to the third station, you can ski down Nakamori and across the Kamoshika Obashi Bridge to get to the Uwanodai and Sunrise Slopes. "]
[607,"山形県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（蔵王）","その他","傾斜","けいしゃ","incline","斜面の最上部に位置する横倉壁は、最初の急勾配は38°の傾斜があり、続いて300メートル続く30°の傾斜があります。","The Yokokura Wall, located at the very top of the slope, is known for its initially steep 38° incline, which is followed by 300 meters at a 30° incline. "]
[608,"山形県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（蔵王）","その他","利用","りよう"," take advantage","スキーのインストラクターたちはここのスペースを利用し、教習クラスを実施しています。","Some instructors will also bring classes here to take advantage of the open space. "]
[609,"山形県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（蔵王）","その他","名前が示すように","なまえがしめすように","As the name suggests","名前が示すように、ユートピア・ゲレンデは緑、または初心者エリアです。 ","As the name suggests, the Utopia Slope is a green, or beginner area. "]
[610,"山形県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（蔵王）","その他","傾斜度","けいしゃど"," pitch","大森の壁はコースの終了地点にあり、専門家には最適。勾配はきつく最大傾斜度は30°でモーグルコースもあります。","It is very steep, with a maximum pitch of 30°, and contains moguls. "]
[611,"山形県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（蔵王）","その他","最南端","さいなんたん"," southernmost","黒姫ゲレンデは山の最南端のゲレンデです。","Kurohime is the southernmost slope on the mountain."]
[612,"山形県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（蔵王）","その他","乱暴な行為","らんぼうなこうい","roughhousing","浴場内での喫煙や乱暴な行為も禁止されています。","Smoking or roughhousing within the baths is also prohibited. "]
[613,"山形県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（蔵王）","その他","話ではそうであるが","はなしではそうであるが","So goes the story","話ではそうであるが、水に生命を救う特質があるかどうかにかかわらず、上湯共同浴場はそのお話の温泉であることに疑いの余地はなく、蔵王の源泉です。","So goes the story, but whether the life-saving properties of the water are true or not, there is no doubt that Kamiyu public bath is the spring it describes, the source of the hot spring water in Zao."]
[614,"山形県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（蔵王）","食","万能薬","ばんのうやく","panacea","万能薬であると、その水を信じて、人々は彼らの病気を治癒するために蔵王を訪れました。","Believing its water to be a panacea, people came to Zao to be healed of their ailments. "]
[615,"山形県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（蔵王）","河川・渓谷","窪地","くぼち","depression","通常、温泉はどこか他の場所で湧き出た温水を配管で引いて満たすのですが、この浴場は山の上の方から温水が流れ落ちて、自然に集まる基盤の窪地の上に建てられています。","Although normally onsen are filled with spring water that is piped in from elsewhere, this bath is built on top of a depression in the bedrock where the water from higher up the mountain flows down and gathers naturally. "]
[616,"山形県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（蔵王）","その他","熊鈴","くますず","bear bell","あなたのパックにくくり付け、歩くときに音を立てる熊鈴は、良いお土産になります。","A bear bell, which can be strapped to your pack and will make noise as you walk, makes a good souvenir. "]
[617,"山形県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（蔵王）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","菩薩","ぼさつ","bodhisattva","「地蔵尊」は、子供の保護者として日本で尊敬されている菩薩クシティガルバの日本名です。","“Jizo Son” is the Japanese name of the bodhisattva Khitigarbha, who is revered in Japan as a protector of children. "]
[618,"山形県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（蔵王）","人物・人名・役職名","大名","だいみょう","daimyo","童の里美術館に展示されているたくさんの美しい展示物は、江戸時代（1603年‐1868年）の地方大名の生活と富を鮮明に映し出しています。","The many beautiful objects on display at Warabe no Sato museum give a clear image of the lives of the wealthy during the Edo period, and many of the pieces stored here once belonged to the local daimyo. "]
[619,"山形県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（蔵王）","工芸・美術品","根付","ねつけ","netsuke, miniature ivory carvings","2階には、着物の帯の小袋に取り付けるために使用された120以上の象牙の彫刻された根付が展示されています。","On the second floor, there are over one hundred and twenty netsuke, miniature ivory carvings used to attach a pouch to the belt of a kimono. "]
[620,"山形県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（蔵王）","工芸・美術品","ふすま","ふすま","sliding doors (fusuma)","100年以上の時が経っているが、窓には当時のオリジナルのガラスが嵌められています。 部屋は絵が描かれたふすまで仕切られており、床は地位のレベルによって異なる高さに仕上げられています。","The rooms are divided by painted sliding doors (fusuma) and the floors are raised to different levels for different levels of dignitary. "]
[621,"山形県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（蔵王）","工芸・美術品","こけし","こけし","Kokeshi dolls","こけしは、北日本の土産物として有名です。","Kokeshi dolls are a common souvenir from northern Japan. "]
[622,"福島県 ","（磐梯朝日国立公園）磐梯朝日国立公園多言語化促進協議会","その他","硫酸塩","りゅうさんえん","sulfates","いくつかの沼は、磐梯山の火山活動によって水中の硫酸塩の濃度が高くなっているため、強い酸性となっています。 ","Some of the ponds are very acidic, due to high levels of sulfates in the water, which is the result of the mountain’s volcanic activity. "]
[623,"福島県 ","（磐梯朝日国立公園）磐梯朝日国立公園多言語化促進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","毘沙門","びしゃもん","Bishamon","沼の名前は、仏教の神様の四天王の1人であり、室町時代（1136年–1573年）から崇拝されてきた日本の七福神の中の1人、「毘沙門」に由来します。","The pond's name comes from Bishamon, one of the four guardian deities in the Buddhist pantheon, and also one of Japan’s Seven Lucky Gods, which have been worshipped since the Muromachi period (1136–1573). "]
[624,"福島県 ","（磐梯朝日国立公園）磐梯朝日国立公園多言語化促進協議会","自然現象","サビ","さび","iron-rust","この赤い色は、池に生息しているヨシや他の水生植物の根に蓄積している赤サビの残りから生じています。 ","The red comes from iron-rust residue that accumulates on the roots of the reeds and other aquatic plants growing in the pond. "]
[625,"福島県 ","（磐梯朝日国立公園）磐梯朝日国立公園多言語化促進協議会","その他","まだら","まだら","dappled","深泥沼には複数の地下水源から流れ込むために沼の水色が変化し、まだらのような色になっているのです。","The pond is fed by multiple underground springs, varying the colors within the pond and creating a dappled effect. "]
[626,"福島県 ","（磐梯朝日国立公園）磐梯朝日国立公園多言語化促進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","弁天","べんてん","Benten","弁天は、室町時代（1136年–1573年）から崇拝されてきた日本の七福神の中の1人でもあります。","The pond is named after Benten, the Buddhist goddess of water and the arts, one of Japan’s Seven Lucky Gods worshipped since the Muromachi period (1136–1573)."]
[627,"福島県 ","（磐梯朝日国立公園）磐梯朝日国立公園多言語化促進協議会","その他","硫酸イオン","りゅうさんいおん","sulphate ions","専門家はこの不思議な色は、水中のカルシウムイオンおよび硫酸イオンの濃度が高いことに起因すると考えています。","Experts believe this unusual color may come from the high levels of calcium and sulphate ions in the water. "]
[628,"福島県 ","（磐梯朝日国立公園）磐梯朝日国立公園多言語化促進協議会","その他","色のグラデーション","いろのぐらでーしょん","Color gradients","沼の色のグラデーションは、水質、植生、光の質の違いに応じて、青緑または黄緑から、鋼青色の間で変化します。","Color gradients range from blue-green or yellow-green to electric blues depending on variations in water quality, plant life, and the quality of the light."]
[629,"福島県 ","（磐梯朝日国立公園）磐梯朝日国立公園多言語化促進協議会","山岳","成層火山","せいそうかざん","stratovolcano","磐梯山は、２度の大噴火によって山容が大きく変わった、溶岩層と火山灰層でできた標高1,816メートルの成層火山です。","Mt. Bandai is a 1,816-meter stratovolcano, a volcano built up of layers of lava and ash, that has been dramatically reshaped by two large eruptions."]
[630,"福島県 ","（磐梯朝日国立公園）磐梯朝日国立公園多言語化促進協議会","山岳","噴気孔","ふんきあな","Fumaroles","磐梯山の山腹にある噴気孔という無数の裂け目から、ガスが立ち上る光景が銅沼から見ることができます。","Fumaroles, openings in the side of Mt. Bandai visible from the pond, emit gases."]
[631,"福島県 ","（磐梯朝日国立公園）磐梯朝日国立公園多言語化促進協議会","岩石・洞窟","火山性堆積物","かざんせいたいせきぶつ","volcanic debris","湖に点在する小島は噴火による火山性堆積物でできています。","Small islets dotting the lake are comprised of volcanic debris from the eruption."]
[632,"福島県 ","（磐梯朝日国立公園）磐梯朝日国立公園多言語化促進協議会","その他","低地や堆積物","ていちやたいせきぶつ","depressions and deposits","水は低地や堆積物の方へ流れ込み、中瀬沼を含むおよそ300の湖沼が形成されました。","Water flooded into the depressions and deposits, creating around 300 lakes and ponds, including Nakase Swamp. "]
[633,"福島県 ","（磐梯朝日国立公園）磐梯朝日国立公園多言語化促進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","仏教の神、不動明王","ぶっきょうのかみ、\nふどうみょうおう","Buddhist deity Fudo Myo-o","修験者は、身を切るほど冷たい滝水に打たれながら仏教の神、不動明王に礼拝して祈りを捧げます。","Practitioners came here to worship Buddhist deity Fudo Myo-o, and to pray under the icy cold waters of the falls. "]
[634,"福島県 ","（磐梯朝日国立公園）磐梯朝日国立公園多言語化促進協議会","河川・渓谷","露出した川床","ろしゅつしたかわどこ","exposed riverbed","川床には、数百万年前に地下で形成された火山岩層が露出しています。","The exposed riverbed is a layer of volcanic rock, which was formed underground, millions of years ago. "]
[635,"福島県 ","（磐梯朝日国立公園）磐梯朝日国立公園多言語化促進協議会","工芸・美術品","柄杓","ひしゃく","scoop","ハイカーはこの小さな池の傍らに置かれた柄杓を使って自分のボトルに湧水を補充できます。","Hikers can refill their bottles using a scoop placed next to the pool."]
[636,"福島県 ","（磐梯朝日国立公園）磐梯朝日国立公園多言語化促進協議会","その他","追称","ついしょう","posthumous","仏僧の空海（追称は弘法大師：774〜835年）がこの猫を捕らえ、山の中腹にある巨岩群の中に封じ込めたと言われています。","Buddhist monk Kukai (posthumous name Kobo Daishi; 774–835), is said to have trapped the cat within a massive pile of boulders on a lower peak of the mountain."]
[637,"福島県 ","（磐梯朝日国立公園）磐梯朝日国立公園多言語化促進協議会","その他","不毛の地","ふもうのち","barren","周辺の土地は荒れ果てた不毛の地になりました。","The surrounding land was left barren."]
[638,"福島県 ","（磐梯朝日国立公園）磐梯朝日国立公園多言語化促進協議会","自然現象","豊かな生態系","ゆたかなせいたいけい","flourishing ecosystem","こうした努力が現在の豊かな生態系を育んだのです。","These efforts contributed to the now flourishing ecosystem."]
[639,"福島県 ","（磐梯朝日国立公園）磐梯朝日国立公園多言語化促進協議会","その他","先駆種","せんくしゅ","pioneer species","数十年にわたる植生遷移のプロセスは先駆種の発生から始まります。それらが土壌に栄養分を与え、他の植物の生長を助け、周辺生息地からの動物の移住を促します。","This multi-decade process begins with the emergence of “pioneer species” that nourish the soil and encourage the growth of other plants, and the migration of animal species from surrounding habitats. "]
[640,"福島県 ","（磐梯朝日国立公園）磐梯朝日国立公園多言語化促進協議会","植物","回復力の強い木","かいふくりょくのつよいき","resilient trees","先駆種の次は、成長が速く、太陽光を好む低木や高木、そして最後にブナなどの回復力の強い木へと植生が変化していきます。","Next to emerge are fast-growing, light-loving shrubs and trees, and finally, more resilient trees, such as beech."]
[641,"福島県 ","（磐梯朝日国立公園）磐梯朝日国立公園多言語化促進協議会","その他","固有亜種","こゆうあしゅ","native subspecies","ツキノワグマの固有亜種や、マカクサル、ニホンカモシカ、リスの在来種などをはじめ、およそ40種の哺乳類がこの地域に生息しています。","Approximately 40 mammal species inhabit the area, including the native subspecies of the Asiatic black bear and the stoat, as well as native species of macaque monkey, serow, and squirrels."]
[642,"福島県 ","（磐梯朝日国立公園）磐梯朝日国立公園多言語化促進協議会","自然現象","水生生物の多様性","すいせいせいぶつのたようせい","aquatic biodiversity","1888年の噴火で裏磐梯に形成された300の湖や池の多くに、ワカサギ、ウグイ、ヒメハヤ属などの魚類、捕食性のゲンゴロウなどの昆虫、バンダイハコネサンショウウオなどの水生生物が生息しています。","The majority of the 300 lakes and ponds formed in Urabandai during the 1888 eruption support aquatic biodiversity, including fish such as smelt, dace and minnow, insects like the predacious diving beetle (Dytiscidae), and the Bandai clawed salamander (Onychodactylus intermedius)."]
[643,"福島県 ","（磐梯朝日国立公園）磐梯朝日国立公園多言語化促進協議会","その他","遮るものが無い","さえぎるものがない","unobstructed","中瀬沼展望台からは水もに映る紅葉と、遮るものが無い磐梯山の全景が楽しめます。","The lookout over the swamp provides reflections of the foliage as well as unobstructed views of Mt. Bandai."]
[644,"福島県 ","（磐梯朝日国立公園）磐梯朝日国立公園多言語化促進協議会","自然現象","水蒸気爆発","すいじょうきばくはつ","phreatic (steam-blast) eruption","1888年の水蒸気爆発によって小磐梯のかつての山頂が破壊されました。","A phreatic (steam-blast) eruption in 1888 destroyed the former summit of Ko Bandai or “Little Bandai.” "]
[645,"福島県 ","（磐梯朝日国立公園）磐梯朝日国立公園多言語化促進協議会","自然現象","壊滅的な岩なだれ","かいめつてきないわなだれ","devastating landslide","爆発によって磐梯山の峰は３つになり、壊滅的な岩なだれを引き起こし、地域一帯に岩屑が流れ込みました。","The blast left the mountain with only three peaks, triggered a devastating landslide, and cast debris throughout the area. "]
[646,"福島県 ","（磐梯朝日国立公園）磐梯朝日国立公園多言語化促進協議会","岩石・洞窟","鉱物組成","こうぶつそせい","mineral composition","鮮やかな色は、湖ごとに異なる湖水の鉱物組成や底質の種類や植生の影響を受けています。","The vivid colors are influenced by the mineral composition of the water and types of bottom sediments and vegetation, which differ from pond to pond. "]
[647,"福島県 ","（磐梯朝日国立公園）磐梯朝日国立公園多言語化促進協議会","その他","雪を圧縮","ゆきをあっしゅく","compacted snow","雪室とは、冬の間に蓄積した雪を圧縮し、高く積み重ねたものです。","The room is piled high with compacted snow collected throughout the winter. "]
[648,"福島県 ","（磐梯朝日国立公園）磐梯朝日国立公園多言語化促進協議会","その他","ケイ酸アルミニウム","けいさんあるみにうむ","aluminum silicate","鮮やかで色とりどりの色彩は、化学物質や、水や砂に含まれるケイ酸アルミニウムなどの鉱物粒子によって引き起こされると考えられています。","The vivid, multicolored shades are believed to be caused by chemicals and mineral particles such as aluminum silicate in the water and sand. "]
[649,"福島県 ","（磐梯朝日国立公園）磐梯朝日国立公園多言語化促進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","仏教の神様の四天王","ぶっきょうのかみさまのしてんのう","one of the four guardian deities in the Buddhist pantheon","沼の名前は、仏教の神様の四天王の1人であり、室町時代（1136年–1573年）から崇拝されてきた日本の七福神の中の1人、「毘沙門」に由来します。","The pond's name comes from Bishamon, one of the four guardian deities in the Buddhist pantheon, and also one of Japan’s Seven Lucky Gods, which have been worshipped since the Muromachi period (1136–1573). "]
[650,"福島県 ","（磐梯朝日国立公園）磐梯朝日国立公園多言語化促進協議会","河川・渓谷","地下水源","ちかすいげん","underground springs","深泥沼には複数の地下水源から流れ込むために沼の水色が変化し、まだらのような色になっているのです。","The pond is fed by multiple underground springs, varying the colors within the pond and creating a dappled effect. "]
[651,"福島県 ","（磐梯朝日国立公園）磐梯朝日国立公園多言語化促進協議会","その他","珍しいマット状","めずらしいまっとじょう","rare mat formation","沼の底でウカミカマゴケが珍しいマット状で生育していることが、沼の色に影響を与えているのかもしれません。","Drepanocladus fluitans moss growing in a rare mat formation on the pond floor may also affect the color. "]
[652,"福島県 ","（磐梯朝日国立公園）磐梯朝日国立公園多言語化促進協議会","その他","酸性化合物","さんせいかごうぶつ","acidic compound","これは植物が、噴火中に堆積した水中の酸性化合物であるケイ酸アルミニウムによってコーティングされているためです。","This is due to a coating of aluminum silicate, an acidic compound in the water deposited during the eruption. "]
[653,"福島県 ","（磐梯朝日国立公園）磐梯朝日国立公園多言語化促進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","肉体的な苦行","にくたいてきなくぎょう","physical hardships","修験道は山岳崇拝に基づく民間信仰の一つで、肉体的な苦行に耐える修行をします。5月下旬～10月の登山シーズンには、登山道に刻まれた修験者の足跡をたどることができます。","Since the early seventh century, these trails have been used by practitioners of Shugendo, a folk-religion based on mountain worship, that involves enduring extreme physical hardships. "]
[654,"福島県 ","（磐梯朝日国立公園）磐梯朝日国立公園多言語化促進協議会","その他","水酸化鉄","すいさんかてつ","iron hydroxide","水酸化鉄の含有度が高いので、湖水は銅赤色をしています。","High levels of iron hydroxide in the lake give the pond its coppery red color. "]
[655,"福島県 ","（磐梯朝日国立公園）磐梯朝日国立公園多言語化促進協議会","その他","地面に染み透る","じめんにしみとおる","water seeps downward","地質学者によれば、銅沼の湖水が地面に染み透り、より低い場所の水源となって湧き出し、300メートルほど下方にある色彩豊かな五色沼湖沼群に流れ込みます。銅沼と発音が同じ赤沼もその一つです。","Geologists believe its water seeps downward through the earth and emerges at lower altitudes as springs that run into the colorful Goshikinuma cluster of ponds some 300 meters below, one of which is similarly named Akanuma (Red Pond). "]
[656,"福島県 ","（磐梯朝日国立公園）磐梯朝日国立公園多言語化促進協議会","その他","より低い場所","よりひくいばしょ","lower altitudes","地質学者によれば、銅沼の湖水が地面に染み透り、より低い場所の水源となって湧き出し、300メートルほど下方にある色彩豊かな五色沼湖沼群に流れ込みます。","Geologists believe its water seeps downward through the earth and emerges at lower altitudes as springs that run into the colorful Goshikinuma cluster of ponds some 300 meters below, one of which is similarly named Akanuma (Red Pond). "]
[657,"福島県 ","（磐梯朝日国立公園）磐梯朝日国立公園多言語化促進協議会","その他","垂らしかけた布のよう","たらしかけたぬののよう","drape","布は「反物」という意味です。滝水が岩に垂らしかけた布のように流れ落ちることに由来します。","Nuno means “cloth,” evoking the way the water appears to drape over the rocks as it flows. "]
[658,"福島県 ","（磐梯朝日国立公園）磐梯朝日国立公園多言語化促進協議会","その他","権利を与える","けんりをあたえる","initiative","政府はこの地の植林に尽力した人に低価格で土地を買い取る権利を与えました。","The government offered an initiative of low-priced land to people who made significant contributions to the area’s reforestation. "]
[659,"福島県 ","（磐梯朝日国立公園）磐梯朝日国立公園多言語化促進協議会","植物","植林","しょくりん","reforestation","政府はこの地の植林に尽力した人に低価格で土地を買い取る権利を与えました。","The government offered an initiative of low-priced land to people who made significant contributions to the area’s reforestation. "]
[660,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","人物・人名・役職名","千手観音","せんじゅかんのん","Thousand-armed Kannon","ここに祀られている千手観音は、立木観音として知られ、日光で最も古い仏像である。","The Thousand-armed Kannon enshrined here is known as Tachiki Kannon—meaning the “standing-tree Kannon”—and it is the oldest Buddhist statue in Nikko. "]
[661,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","立木観音","たちきかんのん","Tachiki Kannon","ここに祀られている千手観音は、立木観音として知られ、日光で最も古い仏像である。","The Thousand-armed Kannon enshrined here is known as Tachiki Kannon—meaning the “standing-tree Kannon”—and it is the oldest Buddhist statue in Nikko. "]
[662,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","植物","桂の木","かつら","katsura tree","勝道上人は、桂の立ち木に彫刻したと伝えられている。 ","Shodo reportedly carved the statue from a single katsura tree without cutting it down. "]
[663,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","印相","いんそう","mudra (a sacred hand gesture)","各手は、印相を表しており、悪との戦いや助けになる仏具を有している。 ","Each of the 40 additional hands is either in the position of a mudra (a sacred hand gesture) or is holding an implement that can be used to fight evil or to provide assistance. "]
[664,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","悟りの境地","悟りの境地","Buddhahood","下部の10頭は悟りを得るために必要な10の段階を表し、中央の最上部にある11番目の頭は悟りの境地を表している。","The ten lower heads represent the ten steps required to attain enlightenment, and the eleventh head, in the center and at the highest position, represents Buddhahood. "]
[665,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","西方極楽浄土","さいほうごくらくじょうど","Western Paradise","この11番目の頭は、通常、西方極楽浄土の阿弥陀如来を表している。","This eleventh head is usually identified as Amida, the Buddha of the Western Paradise."]
[666,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","極楽浄土","ごくらくじょうど","Pure Land Buddhism paradise","このお堂は、極楽浄土が西方に位置するため、中禅寺湖西岸に建てられたと考えられる。","The hall was likely built on the western shore of Lake Chuzenji because in Pure Land Buddhism paradise is located in the west."]
[667,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","建造物等","基礎石台","きそせきだい","foundation slab","1965年から現在の構造物が2016年に建設されるまで、ここには基礎石台しかなかった。","From 1965 until the current structure was built in 2016, there was only a foundation slab. "]
[668,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","建造物等","複合施設","ふくごうしせつ","shrine-temple complex","この寺院は、元の日光山の複合施設の創立1250周年と勝道上人の死後1200年を記念して、2016年に再建された。","The temple was reconstructed in 2016 in commemoration of the 1,250th anniversary of the founding of the original Nikko-zan shrine-temple complex and the 1,200th anniversary of the death of Shodo."]
[669,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","護摩の儀式","ごまのぎしき","goma fire ceremonies","この護摩の儀式はインドで始まり、真言宗や天台宗などの密教や山岳修行の修験道信仰で実践されている。","The goma fire ceremony originated in India and is practiced in Japanese Esoteric Buddhism, such as the Shingon and Tendai schools, and in the mountain-worshipping religion of Shugendo. "]
[670,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","人物・人名・役職名","不動明王","ふどうみょうおう","Fudo Myo-o","五大明王の一人である不動明王へさまざまな供物が奉納される。 ","Various items and prayers are offered to Fudo Myo-o, one of the five Wisdom Kings, by burning them in a sacred fire."]
[671,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","五大明王","ごだいみょうおう","the five Wisdom Kings","五大明王の一人である不動明王へさまざまな供物が奉納される。","Various items and prayers are offered to Fudo Myo-o, one of the five Wisdom Kings, by burning them in a sacred fire."]
[672,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","密教","みっきょう","Japanese Esoteric Buddhism","この護摩の儀式はインドで始まり、真言宗や天台宗などの密教や山岳修行の修験道信仰で実践されている。","The goma fire ceremony originated in India and is practiced in Japanese Esoteric Buddhism, such as the Shingon and Tendai schools, and in the mountain-worshipping religion of Shugendo."]
[673,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","聖火","せいか","sacred fire","聖火は丸い形をした石の中に収められており、その石は現在、中央近くにある苔むした小さな塚の下に置かれている。","The sacred fire was contained in a round, bowl-shaped stone that is now underneath the small, moss-covered mound near the center."]
[674,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神聖な空間","しんせいなくうかん","sacred space","四つ角に立てられた4本の石柱は、神聖な空間を示す縄を吊るすために使用されていた。 ","The four stone columns standing at each corner would have been used to suspend a rope to mark the sacred space. "]
[675,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","護摩壇","ごまだん","goma altar","ほとんどの護摩壇には、正面に向かって2本の背の高い柱があり、そこに祈祷者が座っており、その間に縄が吊り下げられている。 ","Most goma altars have two taller columns toward the front, where the officiant sits, and a rope is suspended between them. "]
[676,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","祈祷者","きとうしゃ","officiant ","ほとんどの護摩壇には、正面に向かって2本の背の高い柱があり、そこに祈祷者が座っており、その間に縄が吊り下げられている。 ","Most goma altars have two taller columns toward the front, where the officiant sits, and a rope is suspended between them. "]
[677,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","建造物等","屋根瓦","やねかわあら","roof tiles","この神社には、扉、軒先の屋根瓦、扉の上に、これらの願いを叶える宝石がたくさんある。","There are a number of wish-granting jewels on this shrine: on the doors, on the roof tiles at the ends of the eaves, and above the main door."]
[678,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","建造物等","軒先","のきさき","eaves","この神社には、扉、軒先の屋根瓦、扉の上に、これらの願いを叶える宝石がたくさんある。","There are a number of wish-granting jewels on this shrine: on the doors, on the roof tiles at the ends of the eaves, and above the main door."]
[679,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","衆生","しゅじょう","sentient beings","この像は、この世とあの世の一切の衆生を助ける菩薩である地蔵菩薩の姿である。","This is a statue of Jizo Bosatsu, the bodhisattva who aids all sentient beings in this world and the next."]
[680,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","行者","ぎょうじゃ","ascetic","伝えられるところによると、行者の勝道上人（735-817）が男体山に登ろうとして道に迷ったときに、この場所に地蔵尊が現れた。","It is said that Jizo appeared to the Buddhist monk and mountain ascetic Shodo Shonin (735–817) on this spot. "]
[681,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","人物・人名・役職名","号","ごう","posthumous name  ","この像は、阿部忠秋（1602–1675）の墓の近くにあり、忠秋の号が空烟であったことから空烟地蔵と名付けられた。 ","This statue is named the “Kuen Jizo,” because it is near the grave of Abe Tadaaki (1602–1675), whose posthumous name is Kuen. "]
[682,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","その他","殉死","じゅんし","ritual suicide","慣習に反して、忠秋は三代将軍徳川家光（1604–1651）が亡くなり、四代将軍徳川家綱（1641–1680）に仕えたときにも殉死をしなかった。"," Contrary to custom, Tadaaki did not commit ritual suicide when his lord Tokugawa Iemitsu (1604–1651) died, and he lived on to serve the fourth Tokugawa shogun, Ietsuna (1641–1680), as well. "]
[683,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","石灯籠","いしどうろう","stone lantern","忠秋の家族は、忠秋の墓からわずか数メートルのところのこの山の小道に、地蔵菩薩が現れた物語を知り、地蔵の像と石灯籠を依頼した。 ","When Tadaaki’s family learned of the story of Jizo appearing to Shodo Shonin on this spot only a few meters from Tadaaki’s grave, they commissioned the statue of Jizo and the stone lantern."]
[684,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","人物・人名・役職名","楊柳観音","ようりゅうかんのん","Yoryu, or Willow Kannon","このお堂は、ここに安置されている楊柳観音にちなんで名付けられた。","This hall is named after the Yoryu, or Willow Kannon, that is enshrined here. "]
[685,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","植物","枝垂れ柳","しだれやなぎ","weeping willow","実際、枝垂れ柳の葉と樹皮にはサリチル酸が含まれており、これにはいくつかの薬効成分があり、アスピリンの初期の製造にも使用されていた。","Interestingly, the leaves and bark of the weeping willow contain salicylic acid, which has several medicinal properties and was used in the early manufacture of aspirin."]
[686,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","その他","サリチル酸","サリチルさん","salicylic acid","実際、枝垂れ柳の葉と樹皮にはサリチル酸が含まれており、これにはいくつかの薬効成分があり、アスピリンの初期の製造にも使用されていた。","Interestingly, the leaves and bark of the weeping willow contain salicylic acid, which has several medicinal properties and was used in the early manufacture of aspirin."]
[687,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","工芸・美術品","将棋","しょうぎ","Japanese chess (shogi)","建物の前にある木製の塊は、将棋の駒のように見える。 ","The wooden blocks in front of the building look like one of the pieces in Japanese chess (shogi). "]
[688,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","動物","鴛鴦","おしどり","mandarin ducks","鴛鴦と極楽を飛び回る鳥たちは、交尾習性において一夫一婦制で知られており、カップルと子育てを象徴している。","Mandarin ducks and birds of paradise are known for monogamy and symbolize couples and parenting."]
[689,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","五輪塔","ごりんとう","five-ringed pagoda (gorinto)","勝道上人の墓は、石の五輪塔造りになっている。","Shodo Shonin’s grave is marked by a stone a five-ringed pagoda (gorinto)."]
[690,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","四天王","してんのう","Four Heavenly Kings ","帝釈天は四天王の司令官であり、人間と神を悪から守ってくれる。","Taishakuten is the commander of the Four Heavenly Kings and defends humans and deities against evil. "]
[691,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","動物","ヒメマス","ひめます","Himemasu salmon","私たちヒメマスは、世界のさまざまな地域で「コカニーサーモン」と呼ばれる陸封型のサケの一種です。","We himemasu salmon are a species of landlocked salmon called kokanee salmon in some parts of the world.","「Kokanee salmon」はカナダ呼称である可能性があり（環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所より）アメリカ英語のスタンダードな表現を調査し「Himemasu salmon」としましたが、地域によっては「Kokanee salmon」と表現している場合もあります。"]
[692,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","開山堂","かいさんどう","Kaisando (also Founder's Hall)","衆生を助ける菩薩である地蔵は、やはり勝道上人像近くの開山堂に安置されており、勝道上人は開山堂の後ろに埋葬されている。","Jizo, a bodhisattva who aids all sentient beings, is enshrined in the nearby Kaisando along with a statue of Shodo, and Shodo is buried behind the Kaisando."]
[693,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","その他","硫黄","いおう","sulfur ","湯本温泉は1200年以上の歴史があり、日本の温泉の中で硫黄の濃度が4番目に高い温泉でもある。 ","Yumoto Onsen has a history of more than 1,200 years and its springs have the fourth-highest concentration of sulfur of any hot springs in Japan. "]
[694,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","植物","杉の木","すぎのき","cedar","この神社と寺院の複合体を構成する多くの建物は、樹齢数百年の巨大な杉の木に囲まれている。","The many buildings that make up this shrine-temple complex are surrounded by giant Japanese cedars that are hundreds of years old. "]
[695,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","護摩・護摩祈祷","ごま・ごまきとう","Goma fire ritual.","護摩堂は護摩の儀式を行うために建立されました。","This hall was built for the performance of the Goma fire ritual. "]
[696,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","人物・人名・役職名","将軍","しょうぐん","shogun","大猷院には、徳川三代将軍・家光（西暦1604-1651)の終の場所(廟)が置かれています。","The Taiyuin is the final resting place of Iemitsu (1604–1651), the third Tokugawa shogun. "]
[697,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","仁王門","におうもん","Niomon, Gate of the Virtuous Kings","仁王門\n\n仁王門は家光の霊廟の参道を守護している最初の門です。","Niomon, Gate of the Virtuous Kings\n\nThis is the first gate guarding the approach to Iemitsu’s mausoleum. "]
[698,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","人物・人名・役職名","天海","てんかい","Tenkai","慈眼堂は、十七世紀初頭にこの輪王寺を復興させたことで有名な、輪王寺第五十三世貫主・天海大僧正（西暦1536-1643ごろ)の終の場所です。","The Jigendo is the final resting place of Tenkai (approx. 1536–1643), the fifty-third abbot of the Rinnoji, who is famous for revitalizing the temple in the early seventeenth century. "]
[699,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","その他","殉死","じゅんし","junshi","この垣根の向こうに龍光院があります。ここでは、家光の忠臣・梶定良がかつて暮らしていました。家光が死去した際には、当時の習慣としては、主君の後を追い切腹をすること=殉死が普通でした。","The Ryukoin Temple stands behind this fence. It was the residence of Iemitsu’s personal servant Kaji Sadayoshi. In Iemitsu’s time, it was customary for a lord’s servants to follow him to the grave, committing a form of ritual suicide known as junshi. ","※初出では「form of ritual suicide known as junshi」など、単語の意味の説明を行えば、次からは「junshi」とのみ表記することも可能。"]
[700,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","建造物等","唐破風","からはふ","karahafu Chinese gable","唐門の名前の由来は、門に施された巨大な唐破風の切妻です。唐破風はリカーブボウにも似た、反り返ったアーチを特徴としています。この様式は高く評価され、高い階級を示すようになっていたため、家光の霊廟へと至る入り口にも使用されています。","Chinese gates are defined by the karahafu Chinese gable over the entranceway, which has a rounded shape rather like the form of a recurve bow. The karahafu indicates high rank and was reserved for gates used by people of high rank, hence its utilization at the entrance to the main hall of Iemitsu’s mausoleum. ","※初出部で「the karahafu Chinese gable」と、中国風の切妻であることを示し、次からは「karahafu」と表記。"]
[701,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","本殿","ほんでん","Main Hall","大猷院の本殿は、細やかな彫刻と意匠で覆われ、華麗な装飾が施されています。金箔が大量に使われているため、「金閣殿」とも呼ばれます。","The Main Hall of the Taiyuin Mausoleum is an ornate structure covered in intricate carvings, designs, and so much gold leaf that it is also known as “The Golden Pavilion,” or Kinkakuden. "]
[702,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","組織・団体","幕府","ばくふ","shogunate","1633年に家光が権力を掌握した後、幕府は権力基盤を固め、1867年に幕府がなくなるまでこの政治体制を維持しました。","After Iemitsu assumed real power in 1633, he consolidated the power base of the shogunate, implementing a political structure that would remain in force until the end of the shogunate in 1867."]
[703,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","社会","参勤交代","さんきんこうたい"," sankin kotai","彼はその治世の初期に、”参勤交代”を制定します。”参勤交代”とは、大名が江戸（東京）と自分たちの故郷の領地の間を毎年行ったり来たりして生活拠点を移動することを義務づけたものです。","Early in his regime, Iemitsu instituted the sankin kotai or alternative attendance system, in which the regional lords were required to move their household to Edo (Tokyo) for one year, returning home for the following year. ","※初出で「the sankin kotai or alternative attendance systemi」と意味を説明し、それ以降は「sankin kotai 」を使用するなど、正しい意味の説明と可読性を両立することが望ましい。"]
[704,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","寛永寺","かんえいじ","Kan’eiji Temple","門跡は皇族の(中から)任命される、非常に高位の僧侶です。輪王寺門跡は輪王寺だけでなく、東京の寛永寺、京都近くの延暦寺における権限も与えられました。","Since the monzeki was a member of the imperial family and also head of the Kan’eiji Temple in Tokyo and the Enryakuji Temple near Kyoto, he required a separate private place of worship, which purpose this hall served. "]
[705,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","輪王寺","りんのうじ","Rinnoji Temple","輪王寺は、766年に仏教僧・勝道上人(735-817)によって建立されました。","Rinnoji Temple was founded in 766 CE by the Buddhist monk and saint Shodo (735–817). "]
[706,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","人物・人名・役職名","勝道上人","しょうどうしょうにん","Shodo","輪王寺は、766年に仏教僧・勝道上人(735-817)によって建立されました。","Rinnoji Temple was founded in 766 CE by the Buddhist monk and saint Shodo (735–817). ","※初出では「Buddhist monk」、「the monk」など仏僧であることを示す。次出からは「Shodo」「Shodo Shonin」などの短縮呼称や通称も許容。"]
[707,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","俳句","はいく","haiku","有名な俳人・松尾芭蕉（西暦1644-1694)は、家康の神社(=東照宮)へ参拝する許可が下りるのを待つ間、ここ養源院に滞在したと記録が残っています。","The famous haiku poet Matsuo Basho (1644–1694) once stayed here while awaiting permission to visit Ieyasu’s shrine.","※斜体表記とする。また、例文の「poet」のように、haikuが詩の一種であることを示唆する表現を添えられると、読者の理解を助けることができる。"]
[708,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","工芸・美術品","地蔵","じぞう","jizo statue","地蔵像は沿道、墓所など、日本のどこにも見受けることができ(る)","Jizo statues can be found throughout Japan, most often along roadsides, or in graveyards","※具体的な仏像の呼称ではなく、仏教の教えの中の「地蔵菩薩」を説明する場合は、「boddhisatva Jizo」などと区別して表現する。"]
[709,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","奥宮","おくのみや","Okunomiya inner shrine","本社、中宮祠、奥宮の三社から構成されています。","The shrine consists of three sites, the Honsha main shrine, the Chugushi middle shrine, and the Okunomiya inner shrine."]
[710,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","本社","ほんしゃ","Honsha main shrine","本社、中宮祠、奥宮の三社から構成されています。","The shrine consists of three sites, the Honsha main shrine, the Chugushi middle shrine, and the Okunomiya inner shrine."]
[711,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","中宮祠","ちゅうぐうし","Chugushi middle shrine","本社、中宮祠、奥宮の三社から構成されています。","The shrine consists of three sites, the Honsha main shrine, the Chugushi middle shrine, and the Okunomiya inner shrine."]
[712,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","天台宗","てんだいしゅう","Tendai sect of Buddhism","最初のものは、9世紀に中国から伝わったとされる日本天台宗の第3代座主・円仁（794年-864年）によって建てられました。","The first shrine here was built by Ennin (ca. 794–864), the third abbot of the Japanese Tendai sect of Buddhism, which was introduced to Japan from China in the ninth century. "]
[713,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神仏習合","しんぶつしゅうごう","fusion of Buddhism and Shinto","この神社は明治以前に存在した神仏習合（神社と寺院を混淆して信仰する考え方）時代の面影を残す施設であると言えます。","This shrine is a reminder of the fusion of Buddhism and Shinto that existed before the Meiji period (1868–1912)."]
[714,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","総本山","そうほんざん"," head temple","大山咋命の御霊は、京都の近くにある日本天台宗の総本山・比叡山延暦寺から分けられたものです。","The kami Oyamakui no Mikoto enshrined here was brought from the Hie Shrine at Hieizan Enryakuji, near Kyoto, the head temple of Japanese Tendai Buddhism. "]
[715,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","人物・人名・役職名","空海","くうかい","Kukai","高野山(和歌山県)を開き、弘法大師としても知られる僧侶・空海(774-835)が、820年に創建したと伝わる。","It is believed that Takinoo Shrine was built in 820 by Kukai (774–835), also known as Kobo Daishi, the Buddhist monk who founded the famous monastery on Koyasan in Wakayama Prefecture. ","※人物名表記は「Kukai」のみで問題ありませんが、「高野山の開祖として知られる〜」など、海外の方に知られる情報を添えることが、読み手の理解を助けるためには望ましいです。"]
[716,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","鳥居","とりい","torii","鳥居とは、聖域への入り口として設けられる神社の門です。そのため、鳥居は神社やそのほか聖なる場所の入り口に建てられます。","Shrine gates, called torii, mark the entrance to a sacred space. For this reason, torii often stand at the entrance to shrines and other holy places. ","※世界的に一般的な日本語とは言えないため、斜体が望ましく、前後に「the entrance to a sacred space」など意味を示す文章を添えるのが望ましいです。"]
[717,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","人物・人名・役職名","権現","ごんげん","gongen","権現とは仏が神道の神として現れることを指し、明治時代（1868年-1912年）まであった神仏習合の名残とも言えます。","Gongen means the appearance of a Buddha in the form of a Shinto deity and is a reminder of the fusion of Buddhism and Shinto before the Meiji period (1868–1912).","※斜体で表現しつつ、「the appearance of a Buddha in the form of a Shinto deity」など、意味を示す文章を説明することが望ましいです。"]
[718,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","書物","古事記","こじき","Kojiki","712年に書かれた日本最古の歴史書『古事記』において、少彦名命は二荒山神社の主祭神・大己貴命の日本統治を助けた神であると記述されています。","In the Kojiki, the oldest written record of ancient Japanese history published in 712, Sukunabiko no Mikoto helped Onamuchi no Mikoto, one of the principal deities worshipped at Nikko Futarasan Shrine, to rule Japan. "]
[719,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","手水鉢","ちょうずばち","stone water basin","社の正確な創建時期は不明ですが、手水鉢石に「西暦1753年」と漢字が刻まれており、少なくとも250年程度の歴史を持つ建築であると考えられています。","Although the shrine’s exact age remains unknown, the stone water basin used for ritual purification is engraved with the Chinese characters for 1753. From this, it is thought that the Mitomo Shrine has stood here for at least 250 years."]
[720,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","人物・人名・役職名","大己貴命","おおなむちのみこと","Onamuchi no Mikoto","本殿には大己貴命、田心姫命、味耜高彦根命といった三柱の神々が祀られており、それぞれが日光の三山（男体山、女峰山、太郎山）の化身と考えられています。","The main hall enshrines three Shinto kami deities: Onamuchi no Mikoto, Tagorihime no Mikoto, and Ajisukitakahikone no Mikoto.  These deities are incarnations of the three mountains of Nikko: Mt. Nantai, Mt. Nyoho, and Mt. Taro."]
[721,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","人物・人名・役職名","田心姫命","たごりひめのみこと","Tagorihime no Mikoto","本殿には大己貴命、田心姫命、味耜高彦根命といった三柱の神々が祀られており、それぞれが日光の三山（男体山、女峰山、太郎山）の化身と考えられています。","The main hall enshrines three Shinto kami deities: Onamuchi no Mikoto, Tagorihime no Mikoto, and Ajisukitakahikone no Mikoto.  These deities are incarnations of the three mountains of Nikko: Mt. Nantai, Mt. Nyoho, and Mt. Taro."]
[722,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","人物・人名・役職名","味耜高彦根命","あじすきたかひこねのみこと","Ajisukitakahikone no Mikoto","本殿には大己貴命、田心姫命、味耜高彦根命といった三柱の神々が祀られており、それぞれが日光の三山（男体山、女峰山、太郎山）の化身と考えられています。","The main hall enshrines three Shinto kami deities: Onamuchi no Mikoto, Tagorihime no Mikoto, and Ajisukitakahikone no Mikoto.  These deities are incarnations of the three mountains of Nikko: Mt. Nantai, Mt. Nyoho, and Mt. Taro."]
[723,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","人物・人名・役職名","観音菩薩","かんのんぼさつ"," Buddhist deity Kannon","蓮は仏教において観音菩薩の乗る花と考えられているものです。","The Buddhist deity Kannon, the goddess of mercy, is often portrayed riding on a lotus. "]
[724,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","集落・街","奥日光","おくにっこう","Oku-Nikko","歴史的社寺の奧には奧日光という壮大なスケールの自然が広がっています。","Beyond Nikko’s historic shrines and temples is Oku-Nikko, a region filled with natural wonders. "]
[725,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","人物・人名・役職名","昭和天皇","しょうわてんのう","Emperor Showa","また、那須は昭和天皇(1901-1989)が東京の夏の暑さを避けるため訪れた、お気に入りの避暑地でもありました。","Nasu was one of the favorite destinations of Emperor Showa (1901–1989), who came here to escape the oppressive summer heat of Tokyo. "]
[726,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","山岳信仰","さんがくしんこう","Sangaku Shinko","神道に関連する、山々に対する信仰を示す「山岳信仰」","These beliefs, associated with Shinto, and centered on respect for the mountains, are known as Sangaku Shinko. "]
[727,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","高原・湿原・原野","八方ヶ原高原","はっぽうがはらこうげん","Happogahara Plateau","「那須・塩原地域」は、板室の温泉地、鮮やかなツツジで知られる八方ヶ原高原なども含んでいます。","The natural hot springs, or onsen area of Itamuro and the Happogahara Plateau, renowned for its vivid azaleas, is also in the Nasu and Shiobara region. "]
[728,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","集落・街","那須・塩原","なす・しおばら","Nasu and Shiobara","那須・塩原地域も、日光と同様に火山活動によって生まれた地域ですが、力強く心揺さぶる日光の自然とはうって変わって、高原・渓谷といった、のどかで心を洗うような清冽な自然が出迎えてくれます。\n\n地形的には、那須はその眺めの良い山々や高原で、一方の塩原はその渓谷で知られています。","Similar to Oku-Nikko, this region was originally formed by volcanic activity, but unlike Oku-Nikko’s dramatic landscapes, peaceful plateaus and valleys can be found here. \n\nNasu and Shiobara are topographically distinct, the former known for its scenic mountains and plateaus, and the latter for its valleys.","※那須・塩原は、那須と(那須)塩原の2地域のことを指し示している。Nasu Shiobaraと表記した場合、「那須塩原」と混同される可能性があるため、「and」を用いて表現を行う。"]
[729,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","岩石・洞窟","鉱物組成","こうぶつそせい","mineral compositions","11の温泉地区には、それぞれ色、鉱物組成、pH値が異なる多くの特徴的な温泉がある。","Each of the 11 onsen areas contains many individual hot springs, all with different colors, mineral compositions, and pH values. "]
[730,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","温泉","塩化物泉","えんかぶつせん","chloride springs","塩原温泉の鉱物組成は、塩化物泉、炭酸水素塩泉、硫黄泉、硫酸塩泉、酸性泉および「単純泉」の6つの主な種類に分類できる。","The mineral compositions of the Shiobara springs can be divided into six major classifications: chloride springs, hydrogen carbonate springs, sulfur springs, sulfate springs, acid springs, and “simple springs.” "]
[731,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","温泉","炭酸水素塩泉","たんさんすいそえんせん","hydrogen carbonate springs","塩原温泉の鉱物組成は、塩化物泉、炭酸水素塩泉、硫黄泉、硫酸塩泉、酸性泉および「単純泉」の6つの主な種類に分類できる。","The mineral compositions of the Shiobara springs can be divided into six major classifications: chloride springs, hydrogen carbonate springs, sulfur springs, sulfate springs, acid springs, and “simple springs.” "]
[732,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","温泉","硫黄泉","いおうせん","sulfur springs","塩原温泉の鉱物組成は、塩化物泉、炭酸水素塩泉、硫黄泉、硫酸塩泉、酸性泉および「単純泉」の6つの主な種類に分類できる。","The mineral compositions of the Shiobara springs can be divided into six major classifications: chloride springs, hydrogen carbonate springs, sulfur springs, sulfate springs, acid springs, and “simple springs.” "]
[733,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","温泉","硫酸塩泉","りゅうさんえんせん","sulfate springs","塩原温泉の鉱物組成は、塩化物泉、炭酸水素塩泉、硫黄泉、硫酸塩泉、酸性泉および「単純泉」の6つの主な種類に分類できる。","The mineral compositions of the Shiobara springs can be divided into six major classifications: chloride springs, hydrogen carbonate springs, sulfur springs, sulfate springs, acid springs, and “simple springs.” "]
[734,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","温泉","酸性泉","さんせいせん","acid springs","塩原温泉の鉱物組成は、塩化物泉、炭酸水素塩泉、硫黄泉、硫酸塩泉、酸性泉および「単純泉」の6つの主な種類に分類できる。","The mineral compositions of the Shiobara springs can be divided into six major classifications: chloride springs, hydrogen carbonate springs, sulfur springs, sulfate springs, acid springs, and “simple springs.” "]
[735,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","温泉","露天風呂","ろてんぶろ","open-air bath, or rotenburo","残りの浴場のうち、もみじの湯は唯一の野外風呂、つまり「露天風呂」で、秋にはそれを取り囲むもみじが一気に色を帯びる。","Of the remaining baths, Momiji no Yu is the only open-air bath, or rotenburo, and in autumn the Japanese Maples that surround it burst into color."]
[736,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","建造物等","旅館","りょかん","traditional inns, or ryokan","福渡は1533年以降、多くの伝統的なホテル（旅館）が立ち並ぶ場所であったが、1949年に火災で旅館が全壊し、再建が必要だったため、現在の建物はそれ以降のものである。","Fukuwata has been the site of many traditional inns (ryokan) since 1533, but the current buildings date back to 1949, when the ryokan were all destroyed by fire and had to be rebuilt."]
[737,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","乗物","トテ馬車","とてばしゃ","horse-drawn carriages, or tote-basha ","駅から塩原温泉郷までの14kmの道のりを観光客を運ぶのに、トテ馬車と呼ばれる馬車が使用された。","Horse-drawn carriages called tote-basha were used to transport visitors the 14 kilometers from the station to Shiobara’s onsen town. "]
[738,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","その他","炭酸カルシウム","たんさんカルシウム","calcium carbonate","地下水が炭酸カルシウムの地下堆積物にゆっくりと浸透し、源三窟が形成された。","Genzan Cave was formed by the slow penetration of groundwater into underground deposits of calcium carbonate. "]
[739,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","岩石・洞窟","木の葉石","このはいし","konoha ishi ","木の葉石（文字通り「木の葉の石」）は、塩原にあったかつてのカルデラ湖の乾燥した地層で見つかった、化石化した葉である。","Konoha ishi (literally, “stone leaves”) are fossilized leaves found in the dry bed of Shiobara’s former caldera lake. "]
[740,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","動物","淡水魚","たんすいぎょ","freshwater fish","ここでは、完全な形で保存された淡水魚や小動物の化石も検出されている。","Fossils of perfectly preserved freshwater fish and small animals have also been found here."]
[741,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","植物","栗","くり","chestnut ","葉の化石の中には、現代の栗やブナの木の葉と完全に一致するものもある。","Some of the fossilized leaves perfectly match the leaves of modern chestnut and beech trees."]
[742,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","植物","ブナの木","ぶなのき","beech trees","葉の化石の中には、現代の栗やブナの木の葉と完全に一致するものもある。","Some of the fossilized leaves perfectly match the leaves of modern chestnut and beech trees."]
[743,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","岩石・洞窟","堆積物","たいせきぶつ","sediment","柔らかい湖底に沈んだ葉や死んだ動物は、すぐに微粒の堆積物で覆われ、低酸素な環境に包まれたため、有機物を分解する微生物から守られた。","The leaves and dead animals that sank into the soft lakebed were soon covered by fine sediment, encasing them in a low-oxygen environment that protected them from microbes that break down organic matter. "]
[744,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","動物","微生物","びせいぶつ","microbes","柔らかい湖底に沈んだ葉や死んだ動物は、すぐに微粒の堆積物で覆われ、低酸素な環境に包まれたため、有機物を分解する微生物から守られた。","The leaves and dead animals that sank into the soft lakebed were soon covered by fine sediment, encasing them in a low-oxygen environment that protected them from microbes that break down organic matter. "]
[745,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","その他","有機物","ゆうきぶつ","organic matter","柔らかい湖底に沈んだ葉や死んだ動物は、すぐに微粒の堆積物で覆われ、低酸素な環境に包まれたため、有機物を分解する微生物から守られた。","The leaves and dead animals that sank into the soft lakebed were soon covered by fine sediment, encasing them in a low-oxygen environment that protected them from microbes that break down organic matter. "]
[746,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","植物","珪藻","けいそう","diatoms","より明るい色の層は、主に珪藻と呼ばれる藻の化石でできている。","The lighter-colored layers are mainly composed of the fossilized remains of algae called diatoms. "]
[747,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","岩石・洞窟","噴気孔","ふんきこう","fumaroles","噴気孔と呼ばれる地面の開口部は、地球の深部からの過熱水が水蒸気や蒸気として地表に現れるときに形成される。","Openings in the ground called fumaroles are created when superheated water from deep in the earth emerges at the surface as water vapor and steam. "]
[748,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","山岳","円錐型寄生火山","えんすいけいきせいかざん","parasitic cone","円錐型寄生火山で、火山側面から噴出した溶岩であり、前黒山（1,678 m）の側面のほぼ中央の割れ目から噴出した溶岩で形成されている。","It is a parasitic cone––an extrusion of lava from the side of a volcano—that formed when lava erupted from fractures about halfway up the side of Mt. Maeguro (1,678 m). "]
[749,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","岩石・洞窟","火成岩","かせいがん"," igneous rock","富士山は、デイサイトと呼ばれる火成岩でできており、マグマとしては非常に粘性が高く、比較的低い温度で噴火する。","Mt. Fujiyama is composed of an igneous rock called dacite, which is quite viscous as magma and erupts at a relatively low temperature."]
[750,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","岩石・洞窟","堆積岩","たいせきがん","sedimentary rock","それは、主に火山灰で形成された堆積岩「グリーンタフ」でできている。","It is composed of “green tuff,” a sedimentary rock formed mostly from volcanic ash. "]
[751,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","植物","ヤシオツツジ","やしおつつじ","yashio","このコースは、4月中旬に大量に花を咲かせるヤシオツツジにちなんで名づけられた。","The trail is named for the yashio variety of azalea, which blooms profusely in mid-April. "]
[752,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","植物","ミズナラの木","みずならのき","Japanese oak","ブナの木とミズナラの木が周辺の森林を占めており、そこではたくさんの野鳥たちが自分たちの住家をつくる。","Japanese beech and Japanese oak dominate the surrounding forests where many wild birds make their homes."]
[753,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","植物","カラマツ","からまつ","Japanese larch","コースは、カラマツ、モミおよび日本のみで見られるヒノキ属のアスナロの原生林を抜け、さらに続く。","After a steady descent with some steeper sections, the trail continues through a forest of Japanese larch, Japanese fir, and asunaro, a genus of cypress tree found only in Japan."]
[754,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","植物","モミ","もみ","Japanese fir","コースは、カラマツ、モミおよび日本のみで見られるヒノキ属のアスナロの原生林を抜け、さらに続く。","After a steady descent with some steeper sections, the trail continues through a forest of Japanese larch, Japanese fir, and asunaro, a genus of cypress tree found only in Japan."]
[755,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","植物","アスナロ","あすなろ","asunaro","コースは、カラマツ、モミおよび日本のみで見られるヒノキ属のアスナロの原生林を抜け、さらに続く。","After a steady descent with some steeper sections, the trail continues through a forest of Japanese larch, Japanese fir, and asunaro, a genus of cypress tree found only in Japan."]
[756,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","植物","コナラ","こなら","Japanese pin oak","この公園には、アカマツの巨木や、コナラを含むさまざまな種類のナラの木がある。","The park contains large red pines and a variety of oak trees, including Japanese pin oaks."]
[757,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","建造物等","石塔","せきとう","stone pagoda","木造の神殿には、1518年に伝染病の収束を願って奉納された石塔がある。","A wooden building at the shrine houses a stone pagoda that was offered in the hope of relief from an epidemic in 1518. "]
[758,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","建造物等","石灯籠","いしどうろう","stone lantern","それは、彫刻が施された石灯籠のように見える。","It resembles a stone lantern that contains carved figures."]
[759,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","植物","シダの藪","しだのやぶ","undergrowth of ferns","山頂には原生林があり、ナラ、ブナの木やシダの藪が生えている。","At the summit is an old forest of Japanese oak and Japanese beech with an undergrowth of ferns."]
[760,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","動物","ハッチョウトンボ","はっちょうとんぼ","scarlet dwarf dragonfly","この場所には、体長わずか2センチメートルの日本一小さいトンボであるハッチョウトンボなどの珍しい野生生物が生息している。","The area is home to rare wildlife such as the scarlet dwarf dragonfly, the smallest dragonfly in Japan, whose body is only 2 centimeters long. "]
[761,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","動物","モリアオガエル","もりあおがえる","forest green tree frogs","保護指定種であるモリアオガエルも近くの森に住んでいる。","Forest green tree frogs, a protected species, also live in the nearby forest. "]
[762,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","植物","紅葉","もみじ","foliage","1年中開放されており、春にはツツジの花、秋には紅葉を眺めるのに適した場所である。","It is open year-round and is a good place to view azalea blossoms in the spring and colorful foliage in autumn."]
[763,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","植物","牡丹","ぼたん","peonies","5月中旬になると、3,000を超える牡丹が寺の境内に咲く。","More than 3,000 tree peonies (botan) bloom within the temple precincts in mid-May."]
[764,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","工芸・美術品","下駄","げた","wooden sandals","ここは、下駄のカタカタという音を聞いたり、綿の着物である浴衣を身に着けた人々を眺めるのに良い場所である。","This is a good place to hear the clatter of wooden sandals (geta) and to see people wearing yukata, a type of cotton kimono."]
[765,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","食","とて焼き","とてやき","crêpes, or tote-yaki","とて焼きは、いろいろな物を詰めて包んだクレープである。","This is also the place to find tote-yaki, crêpes unique to Shiobara that are served with a variety of fillings."]
[766,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","工芸・美術品","簾","すだれ","beaded curtain","このようにして生じる水の流れは、岩に掛けられた簾のように見える。","The resulting streams of water look like a beaded curtain hanging over the rocks."]
[767,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","工芸・美術品","薙刀","なぎなた","Japanese polearms ","湾曲した薙刀のようにうに見えるこの岩層は、溶岩が冷えて収縮するときに起こる柱状節理の一種である。","This rock formation, which resembles curved Japanese polearms (naginata), is a type of columnar jointing that occurs when lava contracts as it cools."]
[768,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","岩石・洞窟","緑色凝灰岩","りょくしょくぎょうかいがん","green tuff","滝を囲む岩層は、緑色凝灰岩と安山岩の2種類の火山岩からなる。","The rock formations that surround the falls are made up of two types of volcanic rock: green tuff and andesite. "]
[769,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","岩石・洞窟","安山岩","あんざんがん","andesite","滝を囲む岩層は、緑色凝灰岩と安山岩の2種類の火山岩からなる。","The rock formations that surround the falls are made up of two types of volcanic rock: green tuff and andesite. "]
[770,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","岩石・洞窟","材木岩","ざいもくいわ","“timber rocks”, or  zaimoku iwa","文字通り「材木の岩」を意味しており、材木岩は、材木を積み重ねたように見えるこの地域の岩層のことである。","Literally meaning “timber rocks,” the term zaimoku iwa refers to the rock formations in this area that look like stacks of timber. "]
[771,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","自然現象","柱状節理","ちゅうじょうせつり","olumnar rock formations","柱状節理の他の例としては、北アイルランドのジャイアンツ・コーズウェイやインドのデカン・トラップがある。","Some other examples of columnar rock formations are the Giant’s Causeway in Northern Ireland and the Deccan Traps in India. "]
[772,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","滝行","たきぎょう","takigyō","滝行は、神聖な山の場内に入る前に、まず身体と精神を浄化するために利用されたようである。","One such practice is takigyō, the tradition of chanting or praying while standing under a waterfall. "]
[773,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","建造物等","野立","のだち","nodachi","その結果、皮肉かもしれないが、野立ちの慣習にちなんでノダチと名付けられた。この言葉は一般的に、 貴人が地方へ旅行する際に野外で摂る休憩を指していた。","The rock was, perhaps wryly, named nodachi, a term that normally referred to an open-air rest break that high-ranking persons might take during a pleasure trip to the countryside."]
[774,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","植物","葉緑素","ようりょくそ","chlorophyll ","葉緑素は、光合成に必要な緑色の色素で、植物は光合成によって太陽光を食料に変える。","During the warmer months, all plants produce large amounts of chlorophyll, a green pigment that is necessary for photosynthesis—the process by which plants convert sunlight into food."]
[775,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","植物","光合成","こうごうせい","photosynthesis","葉緑素は、光合成に必要な緑色の色素で、植物は光合成によって太陽光を食料に変える。","During the warmer months, all plants produce large amounts of chlorophyll, a green pigment that is necessary for photosynthesis—the process by which plants convert sunlight into food."]
[776,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","動物","ホオジロアオサギ","ほおじろあおさぎ","great white egrets","この地域の湿地は水鳥を引き付け、ホオジロアオサギ、アオサギ、オシドリ、マガモ、カワセミ、セキレイといった水鳥たちが、箒川や、その周辺の湖や湿地に群がる。","The area’s wetlands attract waterfowl—great white egrets, gray herons, mandarin ducks, mallard ducks, crested kingfishers, and wagtails congregate around the Hoki River and its surrounding lakes and marshlands. "]
[777,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","動物","アオサギ","あおさぎ","gray herons","この地域の湿地は水鳥を引き付け、ホオジロアオサギ、アオサギ、オシドリ、マガモ、カワセミ、セキレイといった水鳥たちが、箒川や、その周辺の湖や湿地に群がる。","The area’s wetlands attract waterfowl—great white egrets, gray herons, mandarin ducks, mallard ducks, crested kingfishers, and wagtails congregate around the Hoki River and its surrounding lakes and marshlands. "]
[778,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","動物","オシドリ","おしどり","mandarin ducks","この地域の湿地は水鳥を引き付け、ホオジロアオサギ、アオサギ、オシドリ、マガモ、カワセミ、セキレイといった水鳥たちが、箒川や、その周辺の湖や湿地に群がる。","The area’s wetlands attract waterfowl—great white egrets, gray herons, mandarin ducks, mallard ducks, crested kingfishers, and wagtails congregate around the Hoki River and its surrounding lakes and marshlands. "]
[779,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","動物","マガモ","まがも","mallard ducks","この地域の湿地は水鳥を引き付け、ホオジロアオサギ、アオサギ、オシドリ、マガモ、カワセミ、セキレイといった水鳥たちが、箒川や、その周辺の湖や湿地に群がる。","The area’s wetlands attract waterfowl—great white egrets, gray herons, mandarin ducks, mallard ducks, crested kingfishers, and wagtails congregate around the Hoki River and its surrounding lakes and marshlands. "]
[780,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","動物","カワセミ","かわせみ","crested kingfishers","この地域の湿地は水鳥を引き付け、ホオジロアオサギ、アオサギ、オシドリ、マガモ、カワセミ、セキレイといった水鳥たちが、箒川や、その周辺の湖や湿地に群がる。","The area’s wetlands attract waterfowl—great white egrets, gray herons, mandarin ducks, mallard ducks, crested kingfishers, and wagtails congregate around the Hoki River and its surrounding lakes and marshlands. "]
[781,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","動物","セキレイ","せきれい","wagtails","この地域の湿地は水鳥を引き付け、ホオジロアオサギ、アオサギ、オシドリ、マガモ、カワセミ、セキレイといった水鳥たちが、箒川や、その周辺の湖や湿地に群がる。","The area’s wetlands attract waterfowl—great white egrets, gray herons, mandarin ducks, mallard ducks, crested kingfishers, and wagtails congregate around the Hoki River and its surrounding lakes and marshlands. "]
[782,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","動物","アカゲラ","あかげら","great spotted woodpeckers","広葉樹の森は、アカゲラやオオルリなどの鳥を引き寄せる。","The forests of broadleaf trees attract birds such as great spotted woodpeckers and blue and white flycatchers. "]
[783,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","動物","オオルリ","おおるり","blue and white flycatchers","広葉樹の森は、アカゲラやオオルリなどの鳥を引き寄せる。","The forests of broadleaf trees attract birds such as great spotted woodpeckers and blue and white flycatchers. "]
[784,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","動物","ノスリ","のすり","buzzard","ノスリ、タカ、ハヤブサ、フクロウなどの猛禽類もここで見ることができる。","Birds of prey, including buzzards, hawks, falcons, and owls, are also found here."]
[785,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","動物","タカ","たか","hawk","ノスリ、タカ、ハヤブサ、フクロウなどの猛禽類もここで見ることができる。","Birds of prey, including buzzards, hawks, falcons, and owls, are also found here."]
[786,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","動物","ハヤブサ","はやぶさ","falcon","ノスリ、タカ、ハヤブサ、フクロウなどの猛禽類もここで見ることができる。","Birds of prey, including buzzards, hawks, falcons, and owls, are also found here."]
[787,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","動物","フクロウ","ふくろう","owl","ノスリ、タカ、ハヤブサ、フクロウなどの猛禽類もここで見ることができる。","Birds of prey, including buzzards, hawks, falcons, and owls, are also found here."]
[788,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","動物","シジュウカラ","しじゅうから","great tit","数種類のカラが塩原に生息しており、シジュウカラ、コガラ、ヒガラ、ヤマガラ、エナガがいる。","Several varieties of tit make Shiobara their home, including the great tit, willow tit, coal tit, varied tit, and long-tailed tit."]
[789,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","動物","コガラ","こがら","willow tit","数種類のカラが塩原に生息しており、シジュウカラ、コガラ、ヒガラ、ヤマガラ、エナガがいる。","Several varieties of tit make Shiobara their home, including the great tit, willow tit, coal tit, varied tit, and long-tailed tit."]
[790,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","動物","ヒガラ","ひがら","coal tit","数種類のカラが塩原に生息しており、シジュウカラ、コガラ、ヒガラ、ヤマガラ、エナガがいる。","Several varieties of tit make Shiobara their home, including the great tit, willow tit, coal tit, varied tit, and long-tailed tit."]
[791,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","動物","ヤマガラ","やまがら","varied tit","数種類のカラが塩原に生息しており、シジュウカラ、コガラ、ヒガラ、ヤマガラ、エナガがいる。","Several varieties of tit make Shiobara their home, including the great tit, willow tit, coal tit, varied tit, and long-tailed tit."]
[792,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","動物","エナガ","えなが","long-tailed tit","数種類のカラが塩原に生息しており、シジュウカラ、コガラ、ヒガラ、ヤマガラ、エナガがいる。","Several varieties of tit make Shiobara their home, including the great tit, willow tit, coal tit, varied tit, and long-tailed tit."]
[793,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","自然現象","追い風","おいかぜ","tailwind","この地域では風が非常に強く吹くため、追い風があれば、ペダルを踏まなくても自転車で坂を上ることができると言われている。","The wind blows so strongly in this area that people say that, with a tailwind, you can ride a bicycle uphill without even pedaling, as the wind will push you to the top. "]
[794,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","食","釜","がま","kettles (gama)","言い伝えによると、以前この温泉の湯は、水から塩を蒸留するときにやかん（釜）を温めるために使用されていた。","Legend has it that the water was formerly used to heat kettles (gama) when distilling salt (shio) from the water."]
[795,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","動物","鳥類学","ちょうるいがく","ornithology","清棲幸保（1901～1975年）は、鳥類学および写真撮影の先駆者であった。","Kiyosu Yukiyasu (1901–1975) was a pioneer in ornithology as well as photography. "]
[796,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","動物","高山鳥","こうざんちょう","alpine birds","日本の高山鳥をまだ誰も研究していなかった時代に日本北部の山々で10年間研究し、そこで多くの種を発見した。","In an era when no one had yet studied Japanese alpine birds, he spent 10 years studying them in the northern mountains of Japan, where he discovered a number of species. "]
[797,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","動物","ホシガラス","ほしがらす","spotted nutcracker","清棲は、塩原がホシガラス、キクイタダキ、キバシリ、イヌワシなどの鳥の生息地であることを最初に特定した人物である。","Kiyosu was the first to determine that Shiobara is a habitat for birds such as the spotted nutcracker, goldcrest, common tree creeper, and golden eagle."]
[798,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","動物","キクイタダキ","きくいただき","goldcrest","清棲は、塩原がホシガラス、キクイタダキ、キバシリ、イヌワシなどの鳥の生息地であることを最初に特定した人物である。","Kiyosu was the first to determine that Shiobara is a habitat for birds such as the spotted nutcracker, goldcrest, common tree creeper, and golden eagle."]
[799,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","動物","キバシリ","きばしり","common tree creeper","清棲は、塩原がホシガラス、キクイタダキ、キバシリ、イヌワシなどの鳥の生息地であることを最初に特定した人物である。","Kiyosu was the first to determine that Shiobara is a habitat for birds such as the spotted nutcracker, goldcrest, common tree creeper, and golden eagle."]
[800,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）塩原温泉ビジターセンター運営協議会","動物","イヌワシ","いぬわし","golden eagle","清棲は、塩原がホシガラス、キクイタダキ、キバシリ、イヌワシなどの鳥の生息地であることを最初に特定した人物である。","Kiyosu was the first to determine that Shiobara is a habitat for birds such as the spotted nutcracker, goldcrest, common tree creeper, and golden eagle."]
[801,"群馬県 ","藤岡市文化財保護課","動物","蚕","かいこ","silkworm","はじめ中国北部で家畜化された蚕は、温度や湿度に敏感である。","First domesticated in northern China, silkworms are sensitive to temperature and humidity. "]
[802,"群馬県 ","藤岡市文化財保護課","動物","繭","まゆ","cocoons","彼は６年もの間、健康な繭をまとめて飼育することに取り組んだが、失敗に終わっていた。","For six years he failed to raise a healthy crop of cocoons because his silkworms kept dying from poor air quality and fluctuations in temperature and humidity in the nursery."]
[803,"群馬県 ","藤岡市文化財保護課","工芸・美術品","養蚕","ようさん","sericulture","彼は、蚕の生育法である清涼育を作ったことで最もよく知られている。","Yahei’s books, Yōsan shinron (A New Theory of Sericulture) and its sequel, Zoku yōsan shinron (A New Theory of Sericulture, Continued), spread his teachings across Japan."]
[804,"群馬県 ","藤岡市文化財保護課","その他","微粒子病","びりゅうしびょう","pébrine, or “pepper disease”","１８６０年代から１８７０年代にかけて、ヨーロッパの主要な絹生産国であるフランス、イタリアは２つの病気に見舞われ、蚕の数はほぼ壊滅的に減少していた。微粒子病（コショウ病）は、寄生性の真菌により引き起こされる病気で、この菌により蚕は繭を作ることができなくなる。また、軟化病は、蚕を衰弱、死滅させる病気である。","In the 1860s and 1870s the silkworm population in France and Italy, Europe’s major silk-producing nations, had nearly been obliterated by two diseases: pébrine, or “pepper disease,” which is caused by a parasitic fungus that prevents silkworms from spinning cocoons, and bouffée flacherie, which makes silkworms wilt and perish."]
[805,"群馬県 ","藤岡市文化財保護課","その他","軟化病","なんかびょう","bouffée flacherie","１８６０年代から１８７０年代にかけて、ヨーロッパの主要な絹生産国であるフランス、イタリアは２つの病気に見舞われ、蚕の数はほぼ壊滅的に減少していた。微粒子病（コショウ病）は、寄生性の真菌により引き起こされる病気で、この菌により蚕は繭を作ることができなくなる。また、軟化病は、蚕を衰弱、死滅させる病気である。","In the 1860s and 1870s the silkworm population in France and Italy, Europe’s major silk-producing nations, had nearly been obliterated by two diseases: pébrine, or “pepper disease,” which is caused by a parasitic fungus that prevents silkworms from spinning cocoons, and bouffée flacherie, which makes silkworms wilt and perish."]
[806,"群馬県 ","藤岡市文化財保護課","建造物等","分教場","ぶんきょうじょう","branch schools","別科の学生は、分教場（分校）に通った。","Bekka students attended bunkyōjō, or branch schools. "]
[807,"群馬県 ","藤岡市文化財保護課","その他","繭を生産する","まゆをせいさんする","raise a batch of cocoons","良質の繭をまとめて生産するためには、蚕農家は養蚕室の温度と湿度に細心の注意を払う必要がある。","In order to raise a successful batch of cocoons, silkworm farmers need to pay careful attention to the temperature and humidity in their nurseries. "]
[808,"群馬県 ","藤岡市文化財保護課","動物","幼虫","ようちゅう","larva","一頭の蚕は生涯に合計２０～２５グラムの桑の葉を食べるが、そのうち８０パーセントは、幼虫としての最後の発育段階（第５段階）で消費される","In total, each silkworm will eat 20 to 25 grams of mulberry leaves during its life—80 percent of which is during a silkworm’s fifth and final stage of development as a larva."]
[809,"群馬県 ","藤岡市文化財保護課","植物","桑","くわ","mulberry","一頭の蚕は生涯に合計２０～２５グラムの桑の葉を食べるが、そのうち８０パーセントは、幼虫としての最後の発育段階（第５段階）で消費される","In total, each silkworm will eat 20 to 25 grams of mulberry leaves during its life—80 percent of which is during a silkworm’s fifth and final stage of development as a larva."]
[810,"群馬県 ","藤岡市文化財保護課","動物","胸部","きょうぶ","thorax","蚕の脚（合計１６本の脚）は、胸部に繋がる３対の脚と、腹部に繋がる５対の「偽の」脚で構成される。","A silkworm has three pairs of legs attached to its thorax, and five pairs of “false” legs attached to the abdomen—a total of sixteen legs."]
[811,"群馬県 ","藤岡市文化財保護課","工芸・美術品","小袖","こそで","small sleeve kimono","江戸時代（１６０３～１８６７年）には、織物は、標準的な小袖（「小さい袖」を意味する）着物を作るのに要する生地の量を基準に測られた。","During the Edo period (1603–1867), textiles were measured according to the amount of fabric it took to make the basic kosode (“small sleeve”) kimono. "]
[812,"群馬県 ","藤岡市文化財保護課","社会","反","たん","a bolt of fabric 36 centimeters wide by 11.4 meters long","１枚の小袖を作るために要する量が１反（幅３６センチ、長さ１１．４ｍの一巻きの生地）とされていた。","The amount required to create one kosode was known as one tan, a bolt of fabric 36 centimeters wide by 11.4 meters long."]
[813,"群馬県 ","藤岡市文化財保護課","動物","齢","れい","instars","ふ化した後、幼虫は「齢」として知られる５つの成長段階を経ることになる。","After hatching, they will go through five stages of growth, known as “instars.”"]
[814,"群馬県 ","藤岡市文化財保護課","動物","蠕虫状","ぜんちゅうじょう","wormlike","ふ化したとき蚕はごく小さな蠕虫状であるが、たった１カ月余り後に、雌の蛾は繭から出て、交尾し、卵を産み、死亡する。","Just over one month after hatching as a tiny, wormlike caterpillar, the female moth will emerge from the cocoon, mate, lay her eggs, and die. "]
[815,"群馬県 ","藤岡市文化財保護課","工芸・美術品","福嶋式桑刻機","ふくしましきくわこくき","Fukushima Mulberry Shredder ","福嶋式桑刻機は単純な機械なのに、この道具の開発が、日本の養蚕産業、そして日本の経済全体に影響を与えた。","Although the Fukushima Mulberry Shredder is a simple machine, it changed the Japanese sericulture industry and Japan’s economy as a whole."]
[816,"群馬県 ","藤岡市文化財保護課","動物","ふ化する","ふかする","hatch","卵がふ化した後、蚕はカゴの中で桑の葉を食べて、残りの生涯を過ごすことになる。","After they hatch, the silkworms will spend the rest of their lives eating mulberry leaves in the trays."]
[817,"群馬県 ","藤岡市文化財保護課","その他","ズウ拾い","ずうひろい","process of picking silkworms out from their immature peers","この段階の蚕は、ズウと呼ばれる。未成熟な他の蚕からズウを選び出す工程は、ズウ拾い（文字通り「準備ができた蚕を拾い上げる」ことを意味する）と呼ばれる。","At this stage, the silkworms are called zū. The process of picking them out from their immature peers is called zūhiroi, which literally means “picking up the ready silkworms.”"]
[818,"群馬県 ","藤岡市文化財保護課","その他","マブシ","まぶし","special structure for spinning","蚕が繭を作れるようになったら、マブシと呼ばれる特別の骨組みに置かれる。","Once a silkworm is ready to spin a cocoon, it is transferred to a special structure for spinning called a mabushi."]
[819,"群馬県 ","藤岡市文化財保護課","その他","湿度計","しつどけい","hygrometer","清水金左衛門（１８２３～１８８８年）は１８７３年、養蚕に特化した湿度計を発明した。","Shimizu Kinzaemon (1823–1888), invented the sericulture-specific hygrometer in 1873. "]
[820,"群馬県 ","藤岡市文化財保護課","建造物等","養蚕学校","ようさんがっこう","sericulture school","高山長五郎（１８３０～１８８６年）は１８００年代後期、養蚕学校を建設するため、高山家先祖伝来の家の大部分を取り壊した。","Takayama Chōgorō (1830–1886) tore down most of his ancestral home to build his sericulture school in the late 1800s. "]
[821,"群馬県 ","藤岡市文化財保護課","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","祈祷札","きとうふだ","protective talisman","扉の隣に一番奥に留められた祈祷札（お守りの護符）一式のうち一番下にあったものは、将軍徳川綱吉（１６４６～１７０９年）が統治した時代にまで溯る。","The innermost kitōfuda (protective talisman) tacked next to the doors dates back to the reign of shogun Tokugawa Tsunayoshi (1646–1709)."]
[822,"群馬県 ","藤岡市文化財保護課","建造物等","羽目板","はめいた","wainscoting","考古学者は、長屋門西側の部屋において、ある羽目板の裏の１本の木柱に落書きを発見した。","In the rooms on the west side of Nagayamon Gate, archaeologists found graffiti scribbled on one of the wooden pillars behind some wainscoting."]
[823,"群馬県 ","藤岡市文化財保護課","その他","落書き","らくがき","graffiti","考古学者は、長屋門西側の部屋において、ある羽目板の裏の１本の木柱に落書きを発見した。","In the rooms on the west side of Nagayamon Gate, archaeologists found graffiti scribbled on one of the wooden pillars behind some wainscoting."]
[824,"群馬県 ","藤岡市文化財保護課","工芸・美術品","生糸","きいと","raw silk","高山社は教師を大日本帝国領の至る所に派遣し、１９００年代初期には、日本は世界の生糸生産のおよそ６０～７０パーセントを占めていた。","The company sent its teachers throughout the Japanese Empire, and by the early 1900s, Japan was producing around 60 to 70 percent of the world’s raw silk. "]
[825,"群馬県 ","藤岡市文化財保護課","人物・人名・役職名","校長","こうちょう","headmaster","町田菊次郎（１８５０～１９１７年）は、この学校の初代校長であった。","Machida Kikujirō (1850–1917) was the school’s first headmaster. "]
[826,"群馬県 ","藤岡市文化財保護課","人物・人名・役職名","養蚕教師","ようさんきょうし","sericulture teachers ","高山社の最も優秀な卒業生は、養蚕の指導者（養蚕教師）になることを求められた。彼らは養蚕の手法と技術を広めるため、日本中に派遣された。","The most talented Takayama-sha graduates were asked to be sericulture teachers (yōsan kyōshi) and they were dispatched across Japan to spread sericulture techniques and technology."]
[827,"群馬県 ","藤岡市文化財保護課","組織・団体","養蚕改良競進社","ようさんかいりょうきょうしんしゃ","Silkworm Production Improvement Competitive Company","１８７７年、九蔵は賛同する仲間を集めて組織を結成し、のちに養蚕改良競進社（概して、蚕の生産を改良し競争する会社を意味する）となった。","In 1877 Kuzō assembled a group of like-minded colleagues to form the Yōsan Kairyō Kyōshin-sha, which roughly translates as the Silkworm Production Improvement Competitive Company. "]
[828,"群馬県 ","藤岡市文化財保護課","工芸・美術品","猟銃","りょうじゅう","hunting rifle","伝えによると、彼は猟銃で狙い撃ちされたことがあるという。","In his early years, skeptics accused him of witchcraft, and he was supposedly shot at with a hunting rifle. "]
[829,"群馬県 ","藤岡市文化財保護課","その他","最先端の施設","さいせんたんのしせつ","state-of-the-art facility","この工場は、蒸気機関や製糸機械などの西洋技術を取り入れた、当時では最先端の施設であった。これらの技術は、フランス人の絹専門家ポール・ブリューナ（１８４０～１９０８年）によってフランスから持ち込まれ、据え付けられ、運用された。","The mill was a state-of-the-art facility for the time, incorporating Western technology that included a steam engine and reeling equipment brought from France and installed and operated by French silk expert Paul Brunat (1840–1908)."]
[830,"群馬県 ","藤岡市文化財保護課","乗物","蒸気機関","じょうききかん","steam engine","この工場は、蒸気機関や製糸機械などの西洋技術を取り入れた、当時では最先端の施設であった。これらの技術は、フランス人の絹専門家ポール・ブリューナ（１８４０～１９０８年）によってフランスから持ち込まれ、据え付けられ、運用された。","The mill was a state-of-the-art facility for the time, incorporating Western technology that included a steam engine and reeling equipment brought from France and installed and operated by French silk expert Paul Brunat (1840–1908)."]
[831,"群馬県 ","藤岡市文化財保護課","建造物等","糸取り工場","いととりこうじょう","reeling mill","新しい最先端の糸取り工場が、１８７２年、群馬県の富岡に建設された。日本の「絹革命」が始まっていた。","In 1872, a new state-of-the art reeling mill was constructed in Tomioka, Gunma Prefecture. Japan’s “Silk Revolution” had begun."]
[832,"群馬県 ","藤岡市文化財保護課","社会","絹革命","きぬかくめい","Silk Revolution","新しい最先端の糸取り工場が、１８７２年、群馬県の富岡に建設された。日本の「絹革命」が始まっていた。","In 1872, a new state-of-the art reeling mill was constructed in Tomioka, Gunma Prefecture. Japan’s “Silk Revolution” had begun."]
[833,"群馬県 ","藤岡市文化財保護課","建造物等","棟","むね","ridge","湿度、温度、換気の調整を容易にするため、床には火鉢が、屋根の棟には小さな高窓が組み込まれた。","To make it easier to control humidity, temperature, and ventilation, braziers were built into the floor and small monitor roofs were built into the ridge of the roof"]
[834,"群馬県・埼玉県","上武絹の道事業企画会議","工芸・美術品","生糸","きいと","raw silk","20世紀初頭までに、日本は世界で最大の絹生産国となり、市場の生糸の60％近くを生産していました。","By the early twentieth century, Japan was the largest producer of silk in the world, producing almost 60% of all raw silk. "]
[835,"群馬県・埼玉県","上武絹の道事業企画会議","動物","繭","まゆ","cocoons","養蚕業者が仕切りのついた小さな四角形の部屋を与えると、カイコは中で繭を回転させ、約3日間かけて繭を完成させます。","Silkworm growers have the silkworms spin their cocoons in a lattice of small cubicles, a process which takes about three days."]
[836,"群馬県・埼玉県","上武絹の道事業企画会議","工芸・美術品","きびそ","きびそ","waste silk, called frison,","その後、繭を擦って繊維をほぐし、きびそを取り除き、糸状になった絹の端を手または機械で引き出して繭をほどき始めます。","The waste silk, called frison, is removed, and the end of the silk filament is unraveled by hand or by machine. "]
[837,"群馬県・埼玉県","上武絹の道事業企画会議","その他","座繰り","ざぐり","hand-powered wooden spindles","ほとんどの絹の生産は世帯ごとに行われた。自分のカイコを育て、手動の木でできた座繰りでカイコの繭を縒っています。","Most silk production was done by single households; families raised their own silkworms and twisted the silkworm cocoons together on hand-powered wooden spindles."]
[838,"群馬県・埼玉県","上武絹の道事業企画会議","その他","軟化病","なんかびょう","bouffée flacherie","カイコの幼虫が繭に成長できなくなる原生動物の寄生虫に起因する「微粒子病」と、カイコの幼虫を弱らせる熱波に起因する「軟化病」など、同時に蔓延した病気がいくつかありました。","Although in the 1860s the European silk industry had far surpassed Japan technologically, the silkworm population in Europe was almost destroyed by two diseases: pébrine, an affliction caused by a fungal parasite that makes silkworm larva unable to spin cocoons, and bouffée flacherié, a non-infectious disease caused by exposure to extreme heat that causes the larvae to turn flaccid and die. "]
[839,"群馬県・埼玉県","上武絹の道事業企画会議","その他","清涼育","せいりょういく","seiryo-iku","彼の新しい技法は「清涼育」と呼ばれ、その方法を「養蚕新論」という本に詳述しました。","He called his technique seiryo-iku (literally, “chilled cultivation”) and wrote a book titled Yosan-shinron (New Theory of Sericulture) detailing his methods. "]
[840,"群馬県・埼玉県","上武絹の道事業企画会議","建造物等","ヤグラ","やぐら","yagura","1863年に建てられ田島弥平の住居・蚕室には、「ヤグラ」と呼ばれる独自の設計がなされており、その最も注目すべき点は空気の流れを制御するため、開閉できる窓が並んでいる屋上棟頂部です。","Tajima Yahei’s residence and silkworm farm were built in 1863 and feature his own original architectural addition called a yagura. "]
[841,"群馬県・埼玉県","上武絹の道事業企画会議","書物","著書","ちょしょ","copy","展示の1つに、昭和天皇と明治維新の主要人物である西郷隆盛が刻印した140年前の弥平の有名な著書があります。","One such artifact is a 140-year-old copy of Tajima’s famous book, Yosan Shinron, which was stamped by Emperor Meiji and Saigo Takamori, a key figure in the Meiji Restoration. "]
[842,"群馬県・埼玉県","上武絹の道事業企画会議","動物","蚕種","かいこたね","silkworm egg","弥平の 革新の結果、島村は蚕種と繭の生産の繁栄の中心として着実に成長し、彼の親戚にあたる田島武平は繭の生産をさらに増やす賢い方法を思いつきました。","As a result of Tajima Yahei’s innovations, the Shimamura region steadily grew into a flourishing center of silkworm egg and cocoon production. "]
[843,"群馬県・埼玉県","上武絹の道事業企画会議","その他","世界一周","せかいいっしゅう","circumnavigating the globe","彼らは太平洋と大西洋を横切って東へと旅し、帰路はインド洋を通ってさらに東へ行き、世界一周しました。 ","They traveled east across the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, and on their return journey continued east through the Indian Ocean, circumnavigating the globe. "]
[844,"群馬県・埼玉県","上武絹の道事業企画会議","工芸・美術品","製糸機","せいしき"," reeling machine","ポール・ブリューナはフランス製の製糸機と蒸気機関を輸入しました。","The government asked him to import a French-made reeling machine and steam power generator for the mill. "]
[845,"群馬県・埼玉県","上武絹の道事業企画会議","乗物","蒸気機関","じょうききかん","the steam engine","また、政府は西洋の技術を採用することで近代化を模索し、フランスから動力を与える蒸気機関と最初となる製糸機械を輸入しました。","The government also sought to adopt Western technology and imported a silk reeling machine from France, along with the steam engine that powered it. "]
[846,"群馬県・埼玉県","上武絹の道事業企画会議","史跡","養蚕農場","ようさんのうじょう","sericulture farm","まず、田島弥平氏の養蚕農場をはじめとする大規模で成功した蚕種・繭産業があり、第二に必要な水源を提供する鏑川の隣に工場を建設することができ、第三に炭鉱のエネルギー需要を満たすことができる2つの石炭鉱山町、高崎と芳井が近くにありました。","Tomioka was selected for its three major advantages: first, the region already had a large and successful silkworm egg and cocoon industry, including Tajima Yahei’s sericulture farm. Second, there were two nearby coal-mining towns, Takasaki and Yoshii, that could supply coal. "]
[847,"群馬県・埼玉県","上武絹の道事業企画会議","芸能・興行・イベント","漢文","かんぶん","Chinese classics","栄一の従兄である尾高惇忠の指導のもと、漢文を勉強することで、企業利益よりも社会福祉を重視するという永遠の原則を育みました。","Eichi studied the Chinese classics under the guidance of his cousin, Odaku Junchu, which fostered his lifelong principle of valuing social welfare over company profits. "]
[848,"群馬県・埼玉県","上武絹の道事業企画会議","その他","財界","ざいかい","financial industry.","そのうちの一つは、渋沢が財界の主要人物であったことから、日本の紙幣に印刷される肖像画の候補になった時の資料です。","One display shows examples of a modern proposal to print Eiichi’s likeness on Japanese currency in recognition of his important role in the financial industry. "]
[849,"群馬県・埼玉県","上武絹の道事業企画会議","人物・人名・役職名","名主","みょうしゅ","myoshu, or village headmen,","尾高惇忠(1830–1901)は江戸時代に名主または村主を務めた家の子として、現在の深谷市に生まれました。","Odaka Junchu (1830–1901) was born in Fukaya to a family that served as myoshu, or village headmen, during the Edo period. "]
[850,"群馬県・埼玉県","上武絹の道事業企画会議","人物・人名・役職名","工女","こうじょ","“factory girls”","これにより工場で働きたい女性が日本全国から集まり、一時期400人の女性工員が雇用されました。","Women from all over Japan found work at the mill, and at one point over 400 “factory girls” were employed there."]
[851,"群馬県・埼玉県","上武絹の道事業企画会議","史跡","養蚕学校","ようさんがっこう","sericulture schools","2つの養蚕学校は、新しいが類似した蚕を育てる技法を促進し、それを変えるのを支えました。","Two sericulture schools, each of which promoted new techniques for silkworm rearing, helped educate the new generation of silkworm farmers and push silk production to the fore of the Meiji industrial era. "]
[852,"群馬県・埼玉県","上武絹の道事業企画会議","その他","清温育","せいおんいく","seion-iku","長五郎は彼の新しい方法を「清温育」と呼び、学んだことを隣人たちと自由に分かち合いました。","Chogoro combined the names of these two methods, calling his new approach seion-iku, and he shared his knowledge freely with his neighbors. "]
[853,"群馬県・埼玉県","上武絹の道事業企画会議","その他","桑の茂みの森","くわのしげみのもり","a mulberry bush grove","屋外には駐車場、桑の茂みの森、高山長五郎の像、高山社に通じる川沿いの遊歩道があります。","Outside is a parking lot, a mulberry bush grove, a statue of Takayama Chogoro and a riverside promenade that leads to the old Takayama-sha building. "]
[854,"群馬県・埼玉県","上武絹の道事業企画会議","その他","一派温暖育","いっぱおんだんいく","ippa ondan-iku","兄弟は互いの研究情報を共有し、九蔵は「一派温暖育」と呼ばれる技術で、長五郎の技術と似ているがより温度管理に重点を置いている技術を開発しました。","The brothers shared their research information with each other, and Kuzo developed a technique he called ippa ondan-iku that was similar to Chogoro’s but allowed greater control of the temperature around the silkworms."]
[855,"群馬県・埼玉県","上武絹の道事業企画会議","工芸・美術品","蚕卵紙","さんらんし","egg cards","荒船風穴が存在している間、これは日本で建設された最大の天然冷蔵施設で、100万枚以上の蚕卵紙を保存することができました。","While Arafune Cold Storage existed, it was the largest natural cold storage facility ever built in Japan and could store over a million egg cards. "]
[856,"群馬県・埼玉県","上武絹の道事業企画会議","食","ねぎ","ねぎ","green onion","館内には町の最大の特産品である「下仁田ねぎ」で知られるねぎの一種の展示があるが、館内の大部分は荒船風穴の歴史に特化しています。","Although the museum contains displays of the town’s most popular export—a type of green onion called “Shimonita Negi”—most of the museum is dedicated to the history of the Arafune Cold Storage. "]
[857,"群馬県・埼玉県","上武絹の道事業企画会議","建造物等","製糸工場","せいしこうじょう","reeling factories","日本の絹の需要は着実に減少し、日本の養蚕業者や製糸工場は閉鎖され始めました。","In the postwar period, the demand for Japanese silk steadily declined, forcing silkworm farmers and reeling factories in Japan to shut down."]
[858,"群馬県・埼玉県","上武絹の道事業企画会議","建造物等","繭倉庫","まゆそうこ","cocoon warehouses","記念館は、工場の2つの古い繭倉庫を改装した建物の中に建てられています。","The museum is housed in the renovated remains of two of the factory’s old cocoon warehouses. "]
[859,"群馬県・埼玉県","上武絹の道事業企画会議","組織・団体","農業協同組合","のうぎょうきょうどうくみあい","farmer cooperative","工場が廃業する危険にさらされた1959年には、農業協同組合に買い取られました。","By 1959, this factory was in danger of going out of business, and it was purchased by a farmer cooperative. "]
[860,"群馬県・埼玉県","上武絹の道事業企画会議","工芸・美術品","玉繭","たままゆ","those that contain multiple pupae","経験豊富な工場労働者は、傷や玉繭、穴のある繭をすばやく素早く取り除きます。","Experienced factory workers deftly remove cocoons with blemishes, holes, or those that contain multiple pupae. "]
[861,"群馬県・埼玉県","上武絹の道事業企画会議","その他","絹産業","きぬさんぎょう","the silk industry","今では世界の絹貿易を支配していないが、上武地域は絹産業の発展にとって世界的に重要な場所であり続けています。","Although it no longer dominates the world silk trade, the Jobu region will continue to have an important place in world history for its innovation in the silk industry. "]
[862,"群馬県","（尾瀬国立公園）群馬県","山岳","森林限界","しんりんげんかい","tree line","この岩に含まれる鉱物は植物の成長を助けないため、至仏山の森林限界はこの地域の他の山よりもずっと低い位置にあります。","The minerals in this rock are not conducive to plant growth, so Mt. Shibutsu’s tree line is much lower than that of other mountains in this area."]
[863,"群馬県","（尾瀬国立公園）群馬県","植物","ハイマツ","はいまつ","dwarf pine","地表はほとんど岩だらけになり、厳しい環境でも生育できるハイマツなどの植物が点在しています。","The surface becomes largely rocky and dotted with dwarf pine and other plants that manage to grow in difficult circumstances. "]
[864,"群馬県","（尾瀬国立公園）群馬県","岩石・洞窟","蛇紋岩","じゃもんがん","serpentinite rock","この山の蛇紋岩に含まれる鉱物は植物の成長の助けとならないため、この場所の植物は厳しい条件の中で生き延びています。","The plants here manage to survive in difficult conditions, as the minerals in the serpentinite rock of the mountain are not conducive to growth."]
[865,"群馬県","（尾瀬国立公園）群馬県","高原・湿原・原野","泥炭湿地","でいたんしっち","peat moor","この窪地は、現在の色とりどりの多様な野花を含む湿地植物の広大な生育地である泥炭湿原へと徐々に発達しました。","This gradually evolved into the peat moor that is now home to expansive fields of marsh plants, including a variety of colorful wildflowers."]
[866,"群馬県","（尾瀬国立公園）群馬県","植物","リュウキンカ","りゅうきんか","marsh marigold","その後、リュウキンカが明るい黄色の色彩を景色に加えます。","Later, marsh marigolds add their golden yellow hues to the landscape."]
[867,"群馬県","（尾瀬国立公園）群馬県","植物","ワタスゲ","わたすげ","cottonsedge (eriophorum)","7月には湿原はワタスゲで白くなり、その後ニッコウキスゲの花が咲くと明るい黄色に変わります。","In July the marshes turn white with the fluff of cottonsedge (eriophorum), then shift to bright yellow when the day lilies bloom later in the month."]
[868,"群馬県","（尾瀬国立公園）群馬県","植物","ニッコウキスゲ","にっこうきすげ","dayliliy or Nikko kisuge (Hemerocallis esculenta) ","7月中旬に明るい黄色がかったオレンジ色の花を咲かせるニッコウキスゲ（Hemerocallis esculenta）も、訪れる人々に根強い人気があります。"," The bright yellow-orange daylily called Nikko kisuge (Hemerocallis esculenta) is also a perennial favorite for visitors, appearing in mid-July."]
[869,"群馬県","（尾瀬国立公園）群馬県","山岳","楯状火山","たてじょうかざん","shield-volcano formation","これらの山から噴出した粘度が低い溶岩流は、その姿が表を上に向けて地面に置かれた戦士の盾に似ていることから「楯状火山」と呼ばれる幅広く浅い地形を作り出しました。","The lava flow from these mountains was of low viscosity, creating broad and shallow shield-volcano formations, so called because they look like a warrior’s shield laid on the ground face-up."]
[870,"群馬県","（尾瀬国立公園）群馬県","湖沼","池塘","ちとう","bog pool","1,800以上存在する池塘の大きさは直径2メートルから100メートル以上、深さも数十センチから3メートル以上と様々です。","There are over 1,800 bog pools, ranging from 2 to over 100 meters in diameter, with depths from around 10 centimeters to over 3 meters."]
[871,"群馬県","（尾瀬国立公園）群馬県","動物","渡り鳥","わたりどり","migratory bird","2005年11月、尾瀬は渡り鳥の湿地生息地としての重要性が認められ、ラムサール条約湿地として登録されました。","In November 2005, Oze was registered as a Ramsar Convention site, in recognition of its importance as a wetland habitat for migratory birds."]
[872,"群馬県","（尾瀬国立公園）群馬県","植物","オオシラビソ","おおしらびそ","Maries fir (Abies mariesii) ","標高1,600メートル付近では、オオシラビソとオゼトウヒなどの針葉樹がより豊富に見られます。","At altitudes over 1,600 meters, coniferous trees such as Maries fir (Abies mariesii) and spruce (Picea jezoensis subsp. hondoensis) are more plentiful."]
[873,"群馬県","（尾瀬国立公園）群馬県","植物","オゼトウヒ","おぜとうひ","spruce (Picea jezoensis subsp. hondoensis)","標高1,600メートル付近では、オオシラビソとオゼトウヒなどの針葉樹がより豊富に見られます。","At altitudes over 1,600 meters, coniferous trees such as Maries fir (Abies mariesii) and spruce (Picea jezoensis subsp. hondoensis) are more plentiful."]
[874,"群馬県","（尾瀬国立公園）群馬県","植物","オゼソウ","おぜそう","ozeso (Japonolirion osense),","至仏山でも育つ植物に、尾瀬にちなんで名付けられたオゼソウがあります。","Mt. Shibutsu is ozeso (Japonolirion osense), which takes its name from Oze. "]
[875,"群馬県","（尾瀬国立公園）群馬県","植物","カトウハコベ","かとうはこべ","Arenaria katoana","オゼソウはカトウハコベやホソバヒナウスユキソウと共に、「蛇紋岩植物」と呼ばれています。","This, along with Arenaria katoana and Leontopodium fauriei var. angustifolium , are recognized as serpentinite-persistent plants. "]
[876,"群馬県","（尾瀬国立公園）群馬県","植物","ホソバヒナウスユキソウ","ほそばひなうゆきそう","Leontopodium fauriei var. angustifolium ","オゼソウはカトウハコベやホソバヒナウスユキソウと共に、「蛇紋岩植物」と呼ばれています。","This, along with Arenaria katoana and Leontopodium fauriei var. angustifolium , are recognized as serpentinite-persistent plants. "]
[877,"群馬県","（尾瀬国立公園）群馬県","植物","蛇紋岩植物","じゃもんがんしょくぶつ","serpentinite-persistent plant","オゼソウはカトウハコベやホソバヒナウスユキソウと共に、「蛇紋岩植物」と呼ばれています。","This, along with Arenaria katoana and Leontopodium fauriei var. angustifolium , are recognized as serpentinite-persistent plants. "]
[878,"群馬県","（尾瀬国立公園）群馬県","植物","ミズバショウ","みずばしょう","Mizubasho, or Asian skunk cabbage (Lysichiton camtschatcense)","ミズバショウが最初に姿を現し、5月下旬から6月中旬にかけて湿原の多くの場所を白く覆います。","Mizubasho, or Asian skunk cabbage (Lysichiton camtschatcense) is the first to make its appearance, covering many parts of the marshes in white from late May to mid-June. "]
[879,"群馬県","（尾瀬国立公園）群馬県","動物","ツキノワグマ","つきのわぐま","Asian black bear （Ursus thibetanus）","ツキノワグマは中型で主に草食性です。","The Asian black bear (Ursus thibetanus), is medium sized and largely herbivorous ."]
[880,"群馬県","（尾瀬国立公園）群馬県","動物","ホオアカ","ほおあか"," chestnut-eared bunting (Emberiza fucata)","湿原ではホオアカ、カルガモ、オオジシギを見つけることができます。","The chestnut-eared bunting (Emberiza fucata), Indian spot-billed duck (Anas poecilorhyncha), and Latham’s snipe (Gallinago hardwickii) can be spotted in the marshes. "]
[881,"群馬県","（尾瀬国立公園）群馬県","動物","カルガモ","かるがも","Indian spot-billed duck (Anas poecilorhyncha)","湿原ではホオアカ、カルガモ、オオジシギを見つけることができます。","The chestnut-eared bunting (Emberiza fucata), Indian spot-billed duck (Anas poecilorhyncha), and Latham’s snipe (Gallinago hardwickii) can be spotted in the marshes. "]
[882,"群馬県","（尾瀬国立公園）群馬県","動物","オオジシギ","おおじしぎ","Latham’s snipe (Gallinago hardwickii)","湿原ではホオアカ、カルガモ、オオジシギを見つけることができます。","The chestnut-eared bunting (Emberiza fucata), Indian spot-billed duck (Anas poecilorhyncha), and Latham’s snipe (Gallinago hardwickii) can be spotted in the marshes. "]
[883,"群馬県","（尾瀬国立公園）群馬県","動物","アカゲラ","あかげら","Great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos major)","森にはアカゲラ、キビタキ、その美しい歌声からかつてはジャパニーズ・ナイチンゲールと呼ばれたウグイスがいます。","The forests shelter the Great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos major), the narcissus flycatcher (Ficedula narcissina), and the bush warbler (Horornis diphone), once called the Japanese nightingale for the beauty of its song. "]
[884,"群馬県","（尾瀬国立公園）群馬県","動物","キビタキ","きびたき"," narcissus flycatcher (Ficedula narcissina)","森にはアカゲラ、キビタキ、その美しい歌声からかつてはジャパニーズ・ナイチンゲールと呼ばれたウグイスがいます。","The forests shelter the Great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos major), the narcissus flycatcher (Ficedula narcissina), and the bush warbler (Horornis diphone), once called the Japanese nightingale for the beauty of its song. "]
[885,"群馬県","（尾瀬国立公園）群馬県","動物","ウグイス","うぐいす","bush warbler (Horornis diphone)","森にはアカゲラ、キビタキ、その美しい歌声からかつてはジャパニーズ・ナイチンゲールと呼ばれたウグイスがいます。","The forests shelter the Great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos major), the narcissus flycatcher (Ficedula narcissina), and the bush warbler (Horornis diphone), once called the Japanese nightingale for the beauty of its song. "]
[886,"群馬県","（尾瀬国立公園）群馬県","動物","イワヒバリ","いわひばり","alpine accentor (Prunella collaris)","標高が高く岩の多い地域では、イワヒバリとホシガラスが見られます。","The alpine accentor (Prunella collaris) and the spotted nutcracker (Nucifraga caryocatactes) can be found in rocky areas at the higher altitudes."]
[887,"群馬県","（尾瀬国立公園）群馬県","動物","ホシガラス","ほしがらす","spotted nutcracker (Nucifraga caryocatactes) ","標高が高く岩の多い地域では、イワヒバリとホシガラスが見られます。","The alpine accentor (Prunella collaris) and the spotted nutcracker (Nucifraga caryocatactes) can be found in rocky areas at the higher altitudes."]
[888,"群馬県","（尾瀬国立公園）群馬県","動物","ヤマアカガエル","やまあかがえる","Montane brown frog (Rana ornativentris)","公園内には沼と川の上にかかった木道からしばしば見つけることができる日本固有のヤマアカガエルやアカハライモリなど、9種の両生類が住んでいます。トウホクサンショウウオのように、より見つけにくい種もいます。","Nine species of amphibians live in the park, including the Montane brown frog (Rana ornativentris), which is endemic to Japan, and the Japanese fire belly newt (Cynops pyrrhogaster), often spotted from the boardwalks over the ponds and rivers. Others, like the Tohoku salamander (Hynobius lichenatus), are more difficult to spot."]
[889,"群馬県","（尾瀬国立公園）群馬県","動物","アカハライモリ","あかはらいもり","Japanese fire belly newt (Cynops pyrrhogaster)","公園内には沼と川の上にかかった木道からしばしば見つけることができる日本固有のヤマアカガエルやアカハライモリなど、9種の両生類が住んでいます。トウホクサンショウウオのように、より見つけにくい種もいます。","Nine species of amphibians live in the park, including the Montane brown frog (Rana ornativentris), which is endemic to Japan, and the Japanese fire belly newt (Cynops pyrrhogaster), often spotted from the boardwalks over the ponds and rivers. Others, like the Tohoku salamander (Hynobius lichenatus), are more difficult to spot."]
[890,"群馬県","（尾瀬国立公園）群馬県","動物","トウホクサンショウウオ","とうほくさんしょううお","Tohoku salamander (Hynobius lichenatus)","公園内には沼と川の上にかかった木道からしばしば見つけることができる日本固有のヤマアカガエルやアカハライモリなど、9種の両生類が住んでいます。トウホクサンショウウオのように、より見つけにくい種もいます。","Nine species of amphibians live in the park, including the Montane brown frog (Rana ornativentris), which is endemic to Japan, and the Japanese fire belly newt (Cynops pyrrhogaster), often spotted from the boardwalks over the ponds and rivers. Others, like the Tohoku salamander (Hynobius lichenatus), are more difficult to spot."]
[891,"群馬県","（尾瀬国立公園）群馬県","動物","イトトンボ","いととんぼ","damselfly (Zygoptera)","イトトンボ、ハッチョウトンボ、キアゲハなど、寒い地域にしか住まないトンボや、標高の高い場所を好むチョウも生息しています。","These include dragonflies that only inhabit cold areas and butterflies that prefer high altitudes. Among them are the damselfly (Zygoptera), the scarlet dwarf or pygmy dragonfly (Nannophya pygmaea), and the Old World swallowtail butterfly (Papilio machaon)."]
[892,"群馬県","（尾瀬国立公園）群馬県","動物","ハッチョウトンボ","はっちょうとんぼ","scarlet dwarf or pygmy dragonfly (Nannophya pygmaea)","イトトンボ、ハッチョウトンボ、キアゲハなど、寒い地域にしか住まないトンボや、標高の高い場所を好むチョウも生息しています。","These include dragonflies that only inhabit cold areas and butterflies that prefer high altitudes. Among them are the damselfly (Zygoptera), the scarlet dwarf or pygmy dragonfly (Nannophya pygmaea), and the Old World swallowtail butterfly (Papilio machaon)."]
[893,"群馬県","（尾瀬国立公園）群馬県","動物","キアゲハ","きあげは","Old World swallowtail butterfly (Papilio machaon)","イトトンボ、ハッチョウトンボ、キアゲハなど、寒い地域にしか住まないトンボや、標高の高い場所を好むチョウも生息しています。","These include dragonflies that only inhabit cold areas and butterflies that prefer high altitudes. Among them are the damselfly (Zygoptera), the scarlet dwarf or pygmy dragonfly (Nannophya pygmaea), and the Old World swallowtail butterfly (Papilio machaon)."]
[894,"埼玉県","大宮盆栽多言語解説整備協議会","集落・街","大宮盆栽村","おおみやぼんさいむら","Omiya Bonsai Village","1923年の関東大震災による広範な火災や破壊のあと、多くの盆栽家たちはますます首都からの脱出に躍起となり、1925年に大宮盆栽村が今日の場所に設けられました。","Following the widespread fires and destruction of the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923, many bonsai artisans were even more eager to move away from the capital, and in 1925 Omiya Bonsai Village was established where it remains today.","※「大宮盆栽村」の対訳"]
[895,"埼玉県","大宮盆栽多言語解説整備協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","世界盆栽大会","せかいぼんさいたいかい","World Bonsai Convention","1989年に大宮で初めて開かれた世界盆栽大会は、4年ごとに世界の異なる都市で盆栽ファンたちを集めており、これまでに米国・ドイツ・中国その他の国々で主催されてきました。","The World Bonsai Convention, first held in Omiya in 1989, draws enthusiasts in a different world city every four years and has been hosted by the United States, Germany, China, and other nations.","※「世界盆栽大会」の対訳"]
[896,"埼玉県","大宮盆栽多言語解説整備協議会","テーマ施設等","盆栽園","ぼんさいえん","bonsai-en","大宮盆栽村の盆栽園は日本の盆栽文化の中心にあり、世代を越えて受け継がれた栽培技術を生きたまま保ちつつ、盆栽技術に少しずつ新風も吹き込んでいます。","The bonsai gardens or nurseries (bonsai-en) of Omiya Bonsai Village are at the heart of Japan’s bonsai culture, keeping alive cultivation techniques handed down through generations while supporting subtle innovations."]
[897,"埼玉県","大宮盆栽多言語解説整備協議会","植物","松柏","しょうはく","shohaku","藤樹園にある約2,000の盆栽は、常緑樹の松柏の亜種（杜松、五葉松など）であり、初心者が所有・栽培するのに十分強くたくましい品種です。","The roughly 2,000 trees at Toju-en are of the evergreen shohaku variety (such as junipers and Japanese white pine), which are strong and sturdy enough for beginners to own and cultivate."]
[898,"埼玉県","大宮盆栽多言語解説整備協議会","植物","五葉松","ごようまつ","goyomatsu","ここでは約75の品種が栽培されており、重点が置かれているのは五葉松です。","Among the roughly 75 species cultivated here, a strong focus is on goyomatsu pines."]
[899,"埼玉県","大宮盆栽多言語解説整備協議会","建造物等","床の間","とこのま","tokonoma","蔓青園の敷地には、茶会の美学を踏まえて設計された現代風数寄屋があり、床の間やその他の場所に飾られた盆栽を観ることができます。","On the grounds of Mansei-en is a modern cottage designed with a tea ceremony aesthetic in mind, where bonsai can be seen installed in a tokonoma alcove and elsewhere."]
[900,"埼玉県","大宮盆栽多言語解説整備協議会","植物","雑木","ぞうき","zoki","現在その庭園は彼の息子が運営し、季節毎に姿を変える雑木と寄せ植え盆栽（森の景色を思わせるようひとまとまりにされた盆栽）を毎日手入れしています。","The garden is now run by his son, who each day tends the rows of zoki trees, whose appearance changes with the seasons, and yoseue plantings (group bonsai arranged to convey the sense of a forest scene)."]
[901,"埼玉県","大宮盆栽多言語解説整備協議会","植物","寄せ植え","よせうえ","yoseue","現在その庭園は彼の息子が運営し、季節毎に姿を変える雑木と寄せ植え盆栽（森の景色を思わせるようひとまとまりにされた盆栽）を毎日手入れしています。","The garden is now run by his son, who each day tends the rows of  trees, zoki whose appearance changes with the seasons, and yoseue plantings (group bonsai arranged to convey the sense of a forest scene)."]
[902,"埼玉県","大宮盆栽多言語解説整備協議会","植物","真柏","しんぱく","shinpaku (Japanese juniper)","小ぶりな盆栽は買い求めやすい価格で、訪問客の購入用には頑丈な真柏（日本の真柏）がお勧めとのことです。","Smaller bonsai are accessibly priced, with hardy shinpaku (Japanese juniper) recommended for visitors to purchase."]
[903,"埼玉県","大宮盆栽多言語解説整備協議会","岩石・洞窟","水石","すいせき","suiseki","パネルには、使用される樹木の種類、それらが「作り込まれていく」いく造形、盆栽鑑賞を楽しむにはどうすればいいかなどの情報、そして水石と呼ばれる岩のような装飾用の石など、関わりのある道具に関しての情報を学ぶことができます。","The panels introduce the types of trees used; the shapes they are “sculpted” to achieve; key details such as what to examine while viewing a bonsai; and information about related objects such as rock-like decorative stones called suiseki."]
[904,"埼玉県","大宮盆栽多言語解説整備協議会","建造物等","座敷飾り","ざしきかざり","zashiki-kazari","その次にあるのは、3つの座敷飾り部屋です。このように、伝統的な日本の内装で盆栽がどのように飾られるのかを見られるのは、世界でここだけです。","Next are the three zashiki-kazari rooms; the world’s only exhibit showing how bonsai are displayed within traditional Japanese interiors."]
[905,"埼玉県","大宮盆栽多言語解説整備協議会","植物","盆栽","ぼんさい","bonsai","盆栽という言葉は二文字の漢字で成り立っています。一つ目の漢字である「盆」は「おぼん」や「お皿」を意味し、二つ目の漢字である「栽」は「木」を意味します。つまり、これら二つを合わせると「浅い鉢に植えられた木」という意味になります。","Bonsai is a Japanese term formed from two Chinese characters: the first reads as bon meaning “tray” or “dish,” while the second, pronounced sai, signifies “tree.” The word can thus be translated as “tree planted in a shallow pot.”","※盆栽の定義を説明する際にご参照ください。"]
[906,"埼玉県","大宮盆栽多言語解説整備協議会","植物","花もの","はなもの","hanamono","さらに、この二つの区分は木自体が自然に持つ特徴や盆栽としての栽培方針などによって細分化されています。例えば木自体の特徴としては花が咲くどうか（花もの）、実がなるかどうか（実もの）など、そして栽培方針としては枝を伸ばす方向などが区分の対象となります。","These are then further subdivided into categories defined by both natural characteristics, such as whether the tree bears flowers (called hanamono) or fruit (mimono), and choices made by the artisan when creating a work, such as the direction that branches grow."]
[907,"埼玉県","大宮盆栽多言語解説整備協議会","植物","実もの","みもの","mimono","さらに、この二つの区分は木自体が自然に持つ特徴や盆栽としての栽培方針などによって細分化されています。例えば木自体の特徴としては花が咲くどうか（花もの）、実がなるかどうか（実もの）など、そして栽培方針としては枝を伸ばす方向などが区分の対象となります。","These are then further subdivided into categories defined by both natural characteristics, such as whether the tree bears flowers (called hanamono) or fruit (mimono), and choices made by the artisan when creating a work, such as the direction that branches grow."]
[908,"埼玉県","大宮盆栽多言語解説整備協議会","植物","直幹","ちょっかん","chokkan","これらの樹形は2つとも上に向かって伸びるタイプです。典型的な盆栽の形で、マツ科の木で作られた盆栽でよく使われます。直幹（英：formal upright）では一つのまっすぐ上に伸びた幹を形成させていきます。一方、模様木(英：informal upright)では幹をS型の形で上に伸びるようにし、樹冠に向けて細くなるように仕立てていきます。","These two upright styles are archetypal bonsai shapes, often seen in bonsai created with trees from the pine family. Chokkan (“formal upright”) features a single straight, upright trunk, while moyo-gi (“informal upright”) is distinguished by a roughly S-shaped upright trunk that tapers as it grows upwards."]
[909,"埼玉県","大宮盆栽多言語解説整備協議会","植物","模様木","もようぎ","moyo-gi","これらの樹形は2つとも上に向かって伸びるタイプです。典型的な盆栽の形で、マツ科の木で作られた盆栽でよく使われます。直幹（英：formal upright）では一つのまっすぐ上に伸びた幹を形成させていきます。一方、模様木(英：informal upright)では幹をS型の形で上に伸びるようにし、樹冠に向けて細くなるように仕立てていきます。","These two upright styles are archetypal bonsai shapes, often seen in bonsai created with trees from the pine family. Chokkan (“formal upright”) features a single straight, upright trunk, while moyo-gi (“informal upright”) is distinguished by a roughly S-shaped upright trunk that tapers as it grows upwards."]
[910,"埼玉県","大宮盆栽多言語解説整備協議会","植物","吹き流し","ふきながし","fukinagashi","この二つの樹形は自然の過酷な一面を受け止める木を表現したものです。吹き流し（英：windswept）の盆栽のくねるような幹は強風に耐え忍ぶ木を思い起こさせます。懸崖（英：cascade）の盆栽も同様に、切り立った崖に垂れ下がる緊張感のある木を模したものです。","These two forms convey the notion of a tree persevering against nature’s harsher side. The angled trunk of the fukinagashi (“windswept”) style conjures up a tree battling a strong wind. Similarly, kengai (“cascade”) resembles a tree hanging dramatically down from a sheer cliff."]
[911,"埼玉県","大宮盆栽多言語解説整備協議会","植物","懸崖","けんがい","kengai","この二つの樹形は自然の過酷な一面を受け止める木を表現したものです。吹き流し（英：windswept）の盆栽のくねるような幹は強風に耐え忍ぶ木を思い起こさせます。懸崖（英：cascade）の盆栽も同様に、切り立った崖に垂れ下がる緊張感のある木を模したものです。","These two forms convey the notion of a tree persevering against nature’s harsher side. The angled trunk of the fukinagashi (“windswept”) style conjures up a tree battling a strong wind. Similarly, kengai (“cascade”) resembles a tree hanging dramatically down from a sheer cliff."]
[912,"埼玉県","大宮盆栽多言語解説整備協議会","植物","根連なり","ねつらなり","ne-tsuranari","根連なりとは一つの根から生えた複数の幹が根元でつながっている樹形で、それぞれの幹が互いに絡み合っているものもよく見られます。","Ne-tsuranari are bonsai with multiple ground-hugging trunks, often huddled together, that stem from a single root."]
[913,"埼玉県","大宮盆栽多言語解説整備協議会","植物","神","じん","jin","これは常緑の松柏に使う高度な技術です。枝や幹の芯をむき出しにした枯れ木を作ることで、風や雪、雷などにさらされた木の様子を表現します。この枯れ木になる部分が枝の場合は「神」、幹の場合は「舎利」と呼ばれます。","This advanced technique, applied to evergreen shohaku trees, involves creating naked deadwood on branches and trunks (jin and shari, respectively) to mimic the effects of a tree exposed to elements such as wind, snow, and lightning."]
[914,"埼玉県","大宮盆栽多言語解説整備協議会","植物","舎利","しゃり","shari","これは常緑の松柏に使う高度な技術です。枝や幹の芯をむき出しにした枯れ木を作ることで、風や雪、雷などにさらされた木の様子を表現します。この枯れ木になる部分が枝の場合は「神」、幹の場合は「舎利」と呼ばれます。","This advanced technique, applied to evergreen shohaku trees, involves creating naked deadwood on branches and trunks (jin and shari, respectively) to mimic the effects of a tree exposed to elements such as wind, snow, and lightning."]
[915,"埼玉県","大宮盆栽多言語解説整備協議会","植物","盆石","ぼんせき","bonseki","その他の特別展は、盆石（石と白い砂で作ったミニチュアの風景）などのテーマも紹介しています。","Other special exhibitions introduce themes such as bonseki (miniature landscapes created with stones and white sand)."]
[916,"埼玉県","大宮盆栽多言語解説整備協議会","その他","行","ぎょう","gyo","3つの座敷飾りの部屋は、左から右へと順番に、今日の日本の部屋に見られる最も一般的な種類である、中ランクの行というスタイル、主に堅苦しくない、茶を出すためにデザインされた草というスタイル、そして最も格式があり、社会的地位の高い来客を想定した真というスタイルになっています。","From left to right, the three zashiki-kazari rooms are in the middle-ranked gyo style, which is the most common type of Japanese room seen today; the so style designed mainly for informal serving of tea; and the shin style, the most formal and intended for guests of high social status."]
[917,"埼玉県","大宮盆栽多言語解説整備協議会","その他","草","そう","so","3つの座敷飾りの部屋は、左から右へと順番に、今日の日本の部屋に見られる最も一般的な種類である、中ランクの行というスタイル、主に堅苦しくない、茶を出すためにデザインされた草というスタイル、そして最も格式があり、社会的地位の高い来客を想定した真というスタイルになっています。","From left to right, the three zashiki-kazari rooms are in the middle-ranked gyo style, which is the most common type of Japanese room seen today; the so style designed mainly for informal serving of tea; and the shin style, the most formal and intended for guests of high social status."]
[918,"埼玉県","大宮盆栽多言語解説整備協議会","その他","真","しん","shin","3つの座敷飾りの部屋は、左から右へと順番に、今日の日本の部屋に見られる最も一般的な種類である、中ランクの行というスタイル、主に堅苦しくない、茶を出すためにデザインされた草というスタイル、そして最も格式があり、社会的地位の高い来客を想定した真というスタイルになっています。","From left to right, the three zashiki-kazari rooms are in the middle-ranked gyo style, which is the most common type of Japanese room seen today; the so style designed mainly for informal serving of tea; and the shin style, the most formal and intended for guests of high social status."]
[919,"埼玉県","大宮盆栽多言語解説整備協議会","建造物等","東屋","あずまや","azumaya","ここでは、美術館のコレクションの中から60前後の盆栽が、屋外の、舟形をした中央の池と静かな東屋（亭）もある優雅な日本風の庭の中に展示されています。","Here around 60 bonsai from the museum’s collection are displayed outdoors in an elegant Japanese-style garden replete with a boat-shaped central pond and a tranquil azumaya (arbor)."]
[920,"埼玉県","大宮盆栽多言語解説整備協議会","植物","貴重盆栽","きちょうぼんさい","kicho bonsai","この木は1980年代に日本盆栽協会によって貴重盆栽（文化的に重要な盆栽）第一号に認定されました。","This tree was named the very first kicho bonsai (Bonsai of Cultural Importance) by the Japanese Bonsai Association in the 1980s."]
[921,"埼玉県","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）秩父地域多言語解説協議会","史跡","石碑","せきひ","stele","長野の岩尾城の遺跡で見つかった石碑には、少なくとも1525年からこの巡礼路を旅する巡礼者たちがいたことを示す文が刻まれている。","A stele discovered in the ruins of Iwao Castle, in Nagano, is inscribed with writing that indicates pilgrims have been traveling the route since at least 1525. "]
[922,"埼玉県","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）秩父地域多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","柄杓","ひしゃく","ladle","柄杓を使って手を洗い、少量の水を左手に注ぎ、口の中をすすぐ。","Using the ladle, rinse each of your hands, then pour a small amount of water into your left hand and rinse the inside of your mouth."]
[923,"埼玉県","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）秩父地域多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","賽銭箱","さいせんばこ","slatted offertory box","観音像が安置されている中心的な建物（本堂）に近づき、正面にあるすのこ状の賽銭箱に小銭を奉納する。","Approach the main hall (hondō) where the statue of Kannon is enshrined, and make a small donation by tossing money into the slatted offertory box in front. "]
[924,"埼玉県","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）秩父地域多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","おいづる","おいづる","white, sleeveless jacket, or oizuru","今の巡礼者のほとんどは、巡礼装束一式を身にまとっていないが、多くの人は、「おいづる」と呼ばれる白い袖なしの外衣を着ている。","Though most modern pilgrims do not wear full white robes, many wear a white, sleeveless jacket called an oizuru."]
[925,"埼玉県","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）秩父地域多言語解説協議会","建造物等","床の間","とこのま","decorative alcove (tokonoma) of the room ","このため、毎日、一日の終わりに杖の付け根を掃除し、夜には部屋の床の間に安置するのがならわしである。"," For this reason, it is customary to clean the base of the staff at the end of each day and set it in the decorative alcove (tokonoma) of the room at night."]
[926,"埼玉県","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）秩父地域多言語解説協議会","岩石・洞窟","鍾乳石","しょうにゅうせき","stalactite formations","わずかな料金で、140メートルの距離の長さの曲がりくねった、狭い通路と鍾乳石を探索することができる。","For a small fee, visitors can explore its 140-meter length of twisting, narrow passages and stalactite formations. "]
[927,"埼玉県","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）秩父地域多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","一炷","いっちゅう・いっしゅ","“one stick” ","1回の座禅は、「1本（一炷）」の間続くが、それは１本の線香が燃えるのにかかる時間で、通常は約40分である。","One session lasts for “one stick” (itchū), the time it takes for a single stick of incense to burn—typically about 40 minutes."]
[928,"埼玉県","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）秩父地域多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","功徳","くどく","merit","仏教の教義において、この「功徳」は、単に善行を施したという意味にとどまらない。それは、輪廻転生（サンスクリット語：サムサラ）における人の運命に影響を与える可能性がある。","In Buddhist doctrine, this “merit” is more than just the sense of having done a good deed; it can affect a person’s fate in the cycle of death and rebirth (Sanskrit: samsara). "]
[929,"埼玉県","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）秩父地域多言語解説協議会","食","蒟蒻","こんにゃく","konjak jelly or konjac jelly","精進料理の準備には時間がかかる。それは、肉の代替品を用意するのにかかる時間が含まれるからという理由も一部ある。料理に食感と栄養分を与えるため、生とうふ、細長い形の揚げ豆腐（油揚げ）、麩、餅、蒟蒻が使用される。","The preparation of shōjin ryōri is time-intensive, partly because of the labor involved in creating substitutes for meat: fresh tofu, fried tofu strips (aburaage), wheat gluten (fu), mochi, and konjak jelly are used to give texture and substance to dishes. "]
[930,"埼玉県","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）秩父地域多言語解説協議会","建造物等","彫刻","ちょうこく","carvings","神社の正面（南）側には、無数の色彩豊かな彫刻で飾られている。","The front (south) side of the shrine is decorated with myriad colorful carvings."]
[931,"埼玉県","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）秩父地域多言語解説協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","笠鉾","かさぼこ","lantern-covered platforms carrying halberds that act as physical representations of the deities","6基の山車があり、そのうちの2基は、「花の日傘」（笠鉾）で、笠に差し込まれた鉾は依代とされ、提灯で覆われている。そして4基の屋台は、屋台囃子を乗せている。","The six floats include two “flower parasols” (kasaboko), lantern-covered platforms carrying halberds that act as physical representations of the deities, and four yatai floats, which carry musical ensembles. "]
[932,"埼玉県","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）秩父地域多言語解説協議会","食","揚げ玉","あげだま","bits of fried tempura batter ","ずりあげうどんは、さいの目に切ったネギ、わかめ（海藻の一種）、かつお節、おろし生姜、ごま、天ぷらの衣を揚げた粒玉（揚げ玉）などの一般的なうどんのトッピングで食べられることが多い。","Zuriage udon is often eaten with standard udon toppings, such as diced scallions, wakame (a kind of seaweed), dried bonito flakes, grated ginger, sesame seeds, and bits of fried tempura batter (agedama). "]
[933,"埼玉県","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）秩父地域多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","狛犬","こまいぬ","lion-dog guardian figures","今日、ほとんどの神社では、狛犬の代わりにオオカミの像が三峯神社への入り口を守っている。","Today, in place of the komainu (lion-dog guardian figures) at most shrines, statues of wolves guard the entry to Mitsumine Jinja Shrine instead."]
[934,"埼玉県","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）秩父地域多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","女人結界","にょにんけっかい","“barred to women” ","修験道の多くの場所を「女性立入禁止（女人結界）」とするこの慣行は、明治初期（1868〜1912年）に廃止された。","This practice of treating many Shugendō sites as “barred to women” (nyonin kekkai) was abolished in the early years of the Meiji era (1868–1912)."]
[935,"埼玉県","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）秩父地域多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","縁起の良い","えんぎのいい","auspicious","彫刻には、「二十四孝」（拝殿右側の欄干）や「西王母」（本殿の欄干）といった中国神話の人物のほか、龍や鶴などの縁起の良い動物が描かれている。","The carvings depict Chinese mythological figures such as the “24 Filial Exemplars” (on the right-side transom of the worship hall) and “Queen Mother of the West” (on the transom of the main sanctuary), as well as auspicious creatures like dragons and cranes."]
[936,"埼玉県","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）秩父地域多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神籬","ひもろぎ","simple shrine","皇子はその後、この場所に「神籬」（文字通り「神に捧げる垣根」）と呼ばれる簡素な祠を立て、日本の第一代天皇と言い伝えられている神武天皇、神道の山の神の一人である大山祇神、神道における火の神である火産霊神を祀った","The prince established a simple shrine called a himorogi (literally, “divine fence”) at the site, dedicating it to Emperor Jinmu, Japan’s legendary first emperor; Ōyamazumi no Kami, one of the Shinto mountain deities; and Homusubi no Kami, the Shinto fire deity."]
[937,"埼玉県","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）秩父地域多言語解説協議会","食","甘酒","あまざけ","a sweet, mildly alcoholic rice drink","温かい料理を販売する屋台が設営され、入場料の200円には、甘くてアルコール度の低い米酒である甘酒が一杯無料で付いてくる。","Food stalls with hot food are set up, and the ¥200 entry fee includes a free cup of amazake, a sweet, mildly alcoholic rice drink. "]
[938,"埼玉県","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）秩父地域多言語解説協議会","郷土景観","水田","すいでん","wet rice cultivation \nor \npaddy field ","特に稲作ににおいて棚田は必要である。というのも、水田は一年の多くが水に浸かっていなければならないからである。","Having level ground is particularly necessary for wet rice cultivation, since the rice fields are flooded for part of the year. "]
[939,"埼玉県","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）秩父地域多言語解説協議会","温泉","天地効果\n転地効果","てんちこうか","power of a change of scenery","これは「天地効果」と呼ばれている。","This is referred to as the “power of a change of scenery” (tenchi kōka). "]
[940,"埼玉県","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）秩父地域多言語解説協議会","食","居酒屋","いざかや","Izaka, Japanese-style bars that serve small dishes to share over drinks　","みそポテトは、地元の居酒屋（お酒とそのつまみを提供する日本的なバー）で特に人気がある。 ","Miso-potato is particularly popular in local izakaya, Japanese-style bars that serve small dishes to share over drinks."]
[941,"埼玉県","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）秩父地域多言語解説協議会","テーマ施設等","観光農園","かんこうのうえん","orchard park","秩父には多くの「観光農園」がある。それは、自然の中で新鮮な食材を手摘みし、様々な農業体験を楽しむための施設である。","In Chichibu there are many “orchard parks”—facilities where guests can enjoy hand-picked, farm-fresh food and various agricultural activities in a natural setting. "]
[942,"埼玉県","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）秩父地域多言語解説協議会","食","酒処","さけどころ","brewing town","秩父の水には理想的な割合のミネラルが含まれている。秩父ではさまざまな種類のアルコールが作られており、「酒処」としてのアイデンティティを誇っている。","Chichibu’s water contains an ideal ratio of mineral content for alcohol production, and a wide variety of different alcohols are made there. The city proudly embraces its identity as a sakedokoro, or “brewing town.” "]
[943,"千葉県","成田観光仕事人会議","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","密教","みっきょう","esoteric Buddhism","成田山新勝寺は、密教真言宗智山派を主導する3つの寺院のうちのひとつ。多くの日本人にとっては、炎の儀式で知られている。","It is one of three leading temples of the Chisan sect of Reformed Shingon Buddhism, a school of esoteric Buddhism, which today for many Japanese is defined by its consecrated fire ritual. "]
[944,"千葉県","成田観光仕事人会議","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","真言宗","しんごんしゅう","Shingon Buddhism","成田山新勝寺は、1000年以上の歴史を持つ「真言密教」の大本山である。","Naritasan Shinshoji is one of the main temples of Shingon Buddhism with a history dating back over 1,000 years. "]
[945,"千葉県","成田観光仕事人会議","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","山号","さんごう","sango\n","「成田山」とは、新勝寺の「山号」である。日本の仏教寺院は、山に建立されることが多かったため、寺院名の前に立地となる山の名前を冠されることがある。","“Naritasan” is the sango (the “mountain name” prefix; san means mountain) of Shinshoji Temple. Buddhist temples were often built on mountains, and it became common to prefix temple names with the name of the mountain on which they are located.","※the sango (the “mountain name” prefix; san means mountain)  などと、初出で意味の説明を加える"]
[946,"千葉県","成田観光仕事人会議","人物・人名・役職名","空海","くうかい","Kukai","真言宗は、(日本で最も主要な仏教宗派のひとつで、9世紀に高僧・空海(弘法大師)によって中国から日本に伝わった。","Shingon Buddhism was brought back from China by the famous monk Kukai (Kobo Daishi) in the ninth century."]
[947,"千葉県","成田観光仕事人会議","人物・人名・役職名","弘法大師","こうぼうだいし","Kobo Daishi","真言宗は、(日本で最も主要な仏教宗派のひとつで、9世紀に高僧・空海(弘法大師)によって中国から日本に伝わった。","Shingon Buddhism was brought back from China by the famous monk Kukai (Kobo Daishi) in the ninth century."]
[948,"千葉県","成田観光仕事人会議","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","成田山新勝寺","なりたさんしんしょうじ","Naritasan Shinshoji Temple","この1861年に建立された額堂は、成田山新勝寺において2代目の額堂である。","Built in 1861, this is Naritasan Shinshoji Temple's second Gakudo. "]
[949,"千葉県","成田観光仕事人会議","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","写経","しゃきょう","shakyo","1階には成田山の歴史展示と写経道場、2階は拝殿である。","On the first floor, there is an exhibition about the temple's history and a room for the practice of sutra copying (shakyo). The second floor is a prayer hall.","※sutra copying (shakyo)　と、初出で意味を併記する。"]
[950,"千葉県","成田観光仕事人会議","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大本山","だいほんざん","main temple","成田山新勝寺は、1000年以上の歴史を持つ「真言密教」の大本山である。","Naritasan Shinshoji is one of the main temples of Shingon Buddhism with a history dating back over 1,000 years. "]
[951,"千葉県","成田観光仕事人会議","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","御護摩","おごま","Goma fire ritua","「護摩木」という薪をたいて祈りを捧げる、新勝寺の有名な御護摩祈祷が、不動明王の御前の護摩壇で毎日行われている。","Shinshoji’s famous Goma fire ritual, in which wooden Goma sticks are burned in prayer, is performed here daily before the Fudo Myoo altar.","※「Goma」は斜体\n※初出以降は「Goma」単体も可"]
[952,"千葉県","成田観光仕事人会議","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","護摩木","ごまぎ","wooden Goma sticks","「護摩木」という薪をたいて祈りを捧げる、新勝寺の有名な御護摩祈祷が、不動明王の御前の護摩壇で毎日行われている。","Shinshoji’s famous Goma fire ritual, in which wooden Goma sticks are burned in prayer, is performed here daily before the Fudo Myoo altar.","※「Goma」は斜体\n※初出以降は「Goma」単体も可"]
[953,"千葉県","成田観光仕事人会議","人物・人名・役職名","不動明王","ふどうみょうおう","Fudo Myoo","成田山新勝寺が1,000年以上前に開基されてから、不動明王(仏教の守護尊)を奉安している。","The Daihondo, Great Main Hall, of Shinshoji Temple was built in 1968 and houses a statue of Fudo Myoo, one of the guardian king deities of Buddhism, which the temple was founded to house over 1,000 years ago. ","※初出では、例文のように仏であること、どのような仏であるのかを述べるのが望ましい"]
[954,"千葉県","成田観光仕事人会議","その他","十二支","じゅうにし","Chinese zodiac","門には十二支(Chinese zodiac)の絵が彫られており、これらの動物は12年周期の各年を象徴している。","The gate is carved with images of the twelve animals of the Chinese zodiac. ","※初出では例文のように、「12の動物」であることを述べておくことが望ましい"]
[955,"千葉県","成田観光仕事人会議","人物・人名・役職名","愛染明王","あいぜんみょうおう","Aizen Myoo","中央にいるのは、日本の密教で最高位の仏である大日如来、その両隣にいるのは、恐ろしい表情の不動明王と「愛に染まる」と書く愛染明王である。","The three Buddhas enshrined here are, in the center, Dainichi Nyorai, the supreme deity of Japanese Esoteric Buddhism, flanked on either side by the fierce Fudo Myoo and Aizen Myoo, whose name means “stained by love.”","※初出では例文のように、前後の文章で「deity」「buddha」であることを示す。"]
[956,"千葉県","成田観光仕事人会議","人物・人名・役職名","大日如来","だいにちにょらい","Dainichi Nyorai","中央にいるのは、日本の密教で最高位の仏である大日如来、その両隣にいるのは、恐ろしい表情の不動明王と「愛に染まる」と書く愛染明王である。","The three Buddhas enshrined here are, in the center, Dainichi Nyorai, the supreme deity of Japanese Esoteric Buddhism, flanked on either side by the fierce Fudo Myoo and Aizen Myoo, whose name means “stained by love.”","※初出では例文のように、前後の文章で「deity」「buddha」であることを示す。"]
[957,"千葉県","成田観光仕事人会議","人物・人名・役職名","五百羅漢","ごひゃくらかん","500 Rakan","周囲の板壁には、五百羅漢(悟りを開いた弟子)と親孝行で知られる模範となる24の人々(訳注：二十四孝)の、19世紀の緻密な彫刻がなされている。","On the outer walls of the hall are highly detailed carvings from the nineteenth century of 500 Rakan (disciples who have gained enlightenment), and the 24 paragons of filial piety.","※初出では例文のように、どのような存在(disciples who have gained enlightenment)であるのかを述べる"]
[958,"千葉県","成田観光仕事人会議","書物","二十四孝","にじゅうしこう","24 paragons of filial piety","周囲の板壁には、五百羅漢(悟りを開いた弟子)と親孝行で知られる模範となる24の人々(訳注：二十四孝)の、19世紀の緻密な彫刻がなされている。","On the outer walls of the hall are highly detailed carvings from the nineteenth century of 500 Rakan (disciples who have gained enlightenment), and the 24 paragons of filial piety.","※初出では例文のように、どのような存在(disciples who have gained enlightenment)であるのかを述べる"]
[959,"千葉県","成田観光仕事人会議","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","仁王門","におうもん","Niomon, Guardian Kings Gate","仁王門\n重要文化財\nこの大きな八脚門には、猛々しい守護尊が四尊祀られ、境内を悪から守っている。","Niomon, Guardian Kings Gate\nImportant Cultural Property\nThe four fierce guardian deities enshrined in this massive, eight-pillar gate protect the temple grounds from evil.","※音と意味を併記する"]
[960,"千葉県","成田観光仕事人会議","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","別当","べっとう","chief administrator","正面にある大きな額は、奈良にある東大寺の別当である高僧・道恕上人の筆であり、「成田山」と書かれている。","The large plaque at the front of the gate was written by the chief administrator of Todaiji Temple in Nara, High Priest Dojyo (1668–1732).The calligraphy reads Naritasan. "]
[961,"千葉県","成田観光仕事人会議","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","薬師十二神将","やくしじゅうにしんしょう"," twelve Heavenly Generals","また、醫王殿では薬師十二神将が、苦しみの原因となる、あらゆる方面からの絶え間ない誘惑や心の迷いから薬師如来を守っている。","The twelve Heavenly Generals protect Yakushi Nyorai against the constant temptations and worries coming from all directions that lead to suffering."]
[962,"千葉県","成田観光仕事人会議","人物・人名・役職名","薬師如来","やくしにょらい","Yakushi Nyorai","ご信徒の方々は何世代にもわたり、健康と長寿のため、薬と治癒の仏である薬師如来に祈りに成田山新勝寺へとやってきていた。","Generations of devotees have come to Naritasan Shinshoji Temple to pray to Yakushi Nyorai, the Buddha of medicine and healing, for good health and longevity. "]
[963,"千葉県","成田観光仕事人会議","人物・人名・役職名","初代市川團十郎","しょだいいちかわだんじゅうろう","Danjuro Ichikawa I ","参拝者たちは、健康と長寿を薬師如来に祈るためここを訪れた。そのうちの一人、有名な歌舞伎役者である初代市川團十郎(1660–1704)は、子宝に恵まれず、江戸元禄期(1688-1704年)にこの場所で子授けを祈願したと言われている。","Worshippers came to pray to Yakushi Nyorai for good health and longevity, including the famous Kabuki actor Danjuro Ichikawa I (1660–1704), who in the Genroku period (1688–1704) is said to have prayed here for a child."]
[964,"千葉県","成田観光仕事人会議","社会","元禄時代","げんろくじだい","Genroku period","光明堂の構造は、江戸時代初期(1603年–1868年)に栄えた元禄時代(1688–1704)の文化を象徴している。","The Komyodo is a fine example of the Genroku period (1688–1704), a luxurious culture often said to mark the high point of Edo period (1603–1867). ","※西暦の期間を、()書きなどで説明する\n※例文のように、江戸時代内の時代区分のひとつであることを説明してもよい"]
[965,"千葉県","成田観光仕事人会議","芸能・興行・イベント","歌舞伎","かぶき","Kabuki","参拝者たちは、健康と長寿を薬師如来に祈るためここを訪れた。そのうちの一人、有名な歌舞伎役者である初代市川團十郎(1660–1704)は、子宝に恵まれず、江戸元禄期(1688-1704年)にこの場所で子授けを祈願したと言われている。","Worshippers came to pray to Yakushi Nyorai for good health and longevity, including the famous Kabuki actor Danjuro Ichikawa I (1660–1704), who in the Genroku period (1688–1704) is said to have prayed here for a child."]
[966,"千葉県","成田観光仕事人会議","建造物等","茶室","ちゃしつ"," tea room ","園内には書道美術館、松尾芭蕉(1644–1694)や高浜虚子(1874–1959)など著名な文人たちの句碑、茶室「赤松庵」がある。","The park includes the Calligraphy Museum, haiku monuments to famous poets such as Matsuo Basho (1644–1694) and Takahama Kyoshi (1874–1959), and the tea room Sekishoan. "]
[967,"千葉県","成田観光仕事人会議","人物・人名・役職名","松尾芭蕉","まつおばしょう","Matsuo Basho","園内には書道美術館、松尾芭蕉(1644–1694)や高浜虚子(1874–1959)など著名な文人たちの句碑、茶室「赤松庵」がある。","The park includes the Calligraphy Museum, haiku monuments to famous poets such as Matsuo Basho (1644–1694) and Takahama Kyoshi (1874–1959), and the tea room Sekishoan. "]
[968,"千葉県","成田観光仕事人会議","人物・人名・役職名","高浜虚子","たかはまきょし","Takahama Kyoshi","園内には書道美術館、松尾芭蕉(1644–1694)や高浜虚子(1874–1959)など著名な文人たちの句碑、茶室「赤松庵」がある。","The park includes the Calligraphy Museum, haiku monuments to famous poets such as Matsuo Basho (1644–1694) and Takahama Kyoshi (1874–1959), and the tea room Sekishoan. "]
[969,"千葉県","成田観光仕事人会議","人物・人名・役職名","坂上田村麻呂","さかのうえのたむらまろ","Sakanoue no Tamuramaro","宗吾霊堂、別名東勝寺は、700年代後半に将軍・坂上田村麻呂が戦没者供養のために建立したと言われる古寺である。","Sogo Reido, otherwise known as Toshoji Temple, is an ancient temple believed to have been constructed by general Sakanoue no Tamuramaro (758–811) in the late 700s to memorialize those killed during war. "]
[970,"千葉県","成田観光仕事人会議","人物・人名・役職名","佐倉惣五郎","さくらそうごろう","Sakura Sogoro","約360年前に、「宗吾様」として知られる佐倉惣五郎(1605–1653)を祀ってから、その呼称が変わった。宗吾様は地域の長であり、貧困や飢餓から農民を救うために、当時の将軍(日本の軍事的独裁者であり支配者)に対し立ち上がった人物である。","Its popular name changed about 360 years ago when it enshrined Sakura Sogoro (1605–1653), also known as Sogo-sama, a rural headman who stood up to the shogun (military dictator and sovereign of Japan) of the time to save rural citizens from poverty and famine. "]
[971,"千葉県","成田観光仕事人会議","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","宗吾霊堂","そうごれいどう","Sogo Reido Sanctuary","宗吾霊堂\n宗吾霊堂、別名東勝寺は、700年代後半に将軍・坂上田村麻呂が戦没者供養のために建立したと言われる古寺である。","Sogo Reido Sanctuary\nSogo Reido, otherwise known as Toshoji Temple, is an ancient temple believed to have been constructed by general Sakanoue no Tamuramaro (758–811) in the late 700s to memorialize those killed during war.","※初出以降は「Sogo Reido」と省略することも可。"]
[972,"千葉県","成田観光仕事人会議","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","菩提寺","ぼだいじ","family temple","東勝寺は、佐倉惣五郎の菩提寺(family temple)で、彼は飢饉の際に、将軍に対して成田の人々のために減税を訴えた人として知られています。","Toshoji is the family temple of Sakura Sogoro (1605–1653), who is said to have been executed for appealing to the shogun for a reduction in taxes for the people of Narita during a famine."]
[973,"東京都","上野・下谷地区多言語解説協議会","工芸・美術品","松方コレクション","まつかたこれくしょん","Matsukata Collection","国立西洋美術館は、造船王にして美術品収集家の松方幸次郎（1866年－1950年）の名にちなむ松方コレクションを収蔵、展示するために設立されました。","The National Museum of Western Art was established to house and display the Matsukata Collection, named after shipbuilding magnate and art collector Matsukata Kojiro (1866–1950)."]
[974,"東京都","上野・下谷地区多言語解説協議会","その他","モダニズム","もだにずむ","Modernism","20世紀初頭に出現し、第二次世界大戦後に建築思潮を席巻したモダニズム思想の旗手、ル・コルビュジエは、","A pioneer of Modernism, a school of thought that emerged in the early 1900s and came to dominate architectural thinking after World War II..."]
[975,"東京都","上野・下谷地区多言語解説協議会","建造物等","ピロティ","ぴろてぃ","pilotis","建築家ル・コルビュジエがピロティと呼ぶこの独自の方策は、彼の多くの建築物において基本的な特徴になっていて、NMWAを訪れるとその特徴を明確に見てとれます。","This distinctive solution, which Le Corbusier called pilotis, is a core feature in many of the architect’s buildings and clearly noticeable when visiting the NMWA."]
[976,"東京都","上野・下谷地区多言語解説協議会","建造物等","モデュロール","もでゅろーる","modulor","人体に基づく調和のとれた尺度であるモデュロールは、ル・コルビュジエのもう一つのアイデアで、NMWAの建物全体を通じて採用されています。","The modulor, a scale of proportions based on the human body, is another of Le Corbusier’s ideas that is employed throughout the NMWA building."]
[977,"東京都","上野・下谷地区多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","延暦寺","えんりゃくじ","Enryakuji","延暦寺はかつてこの国で最も影響力のある仏教寺院でしたが、徳川幕府が出現する前の数十年に及ぶ戦乱期に破壊されました。","Enryakuji, once the most influential Buddhist institution in the country but destroyed in the war-ravaged decades before the emergence of the Tokugawa shogunate."]
[978,"東京都","上野・下谷地区多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","本坊","ほんぼう","abbot's residence","本坊は当初1625年に完成し、これは寛永寺が開かれたと考えられている年です。","The abbot’s residence at Kan’eiji was completed in 1625, which is considered the year the temple was founded.","*「本坊」の対訳"]
[979,"東京都","上野・下谷地区多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","根本中堂","こんぽんちゅうどう","Konpon Chudo","寛永寺の根本中堂は350年以上前に建立されたものですが、1879年に現在の場所に移されました。","The Konpon Chudo or main hall of Kan’eiji Temple is a structure more than 350 years old, but has only stood on its current spot since 1879."]
[980,"東京都","上野・下谷地区多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","天台宗","てんだいしゅう","Tendai school","本尊は最澄（767～822年）によって掘られたものとされており、彼は、寛永寺が属する天台宗派の開祖と信じられています。","The main statue of Buddha inside is said to have been carved by Saicho (767–822), the priest credited with founding the Tendai school of Buddhism to which Kan’eiji belongs."]
[981,"東京都","上野・下谷地区多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","千手観音","せんじゅかんのん","Senju Kannon","本堂の中に座す千手観音も京都の清水寺から運ばれたものです。","Housed within the hall is a seated statue of Senju Kannon, the thousand-armed bodhisattva of compassion, which also came from Kyoto’s Kiyomizu Temple."]
[982,"東京都","上野・下谷地区多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","子育観音","こそだてかんのん","Kosodate Kannon","子育て観音の像は毎日公開されており、新たに親になった人たちが子どもの誕生後に人形を捧げます。","Visible every day is a statue of Kosodate Kannon, the protector of children and childbirth, to whom new parents offer a doll after the birth of a child."]
[983,"東京都","上野・下谷地区多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","五重の塔","ごじゅうのとう","five-storied pagoda","上野公園にある五重塔は1639年に建てられました。","The five-storied pagoda in Ueno Park was erected in 1639."]
[984,"東京都","上野・下谷地区多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","開山堂","かいさんどう","Kaisando Hall","現在では、天海（1536?～1643年）を祀る開山堂の前に建っています。天海は影響力のあった仏僧で、寛永寺の開祖また初代住職です。","It now stands in front of Kaisando Hall, which is dedicated to Tenkai (1536?–1643), the influential Buddhist priest who founded Kan’eiji and served as its first abbot."]
[985,"東京都","上野・下谷地区多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","東照大権現","とうしょうだいごんげん","Tosho Daigongen","上野東照宮は1603年から1867年まで日本を支配した徳川幕府を開いた徳川家康（1543–1616）を神道の神様、東照大権現（「偉大なる権現、東の光」）として祀っています。","Ueno Toshogu enshrines Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543–1616), founder of the Tokugawa shogunate that ruled Japan from 1603 to 1867, as the Shinto deity Tosho Daigongen (“Great Gongen, Light of the East”)."]
[986,"東京都","上野・下谷地区多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","権現","ごんげん","gongen","権現という言葉は、神道の神様として顕現した仏陀という意味です。","The word gongen means a Buddha manifested as a Shinto deity."]
[987,"東京都","上野・下谷地区多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","社殿","しゃでん","shaden","上野東照宮のメインの建物（社殿）は、金箔、漆、そして多種多様な複雑な彫刻で凝った装飾が施されています。","The Ueno Toshogu Shrine main building (shaden) is elaborately decorated with gold leaf, lacquer, and a vast array of intricate sculptures."]
[988,"東京都","上野・下谷地区多言語解説協議会","建造物等","権現造り","ごんげんずくり","gongen-zukuri","家光は拝殿と本殿が一つの屋根の下にあり、狭い廊下（石の間）で結ばれて、建物がアルファベットのHの形になる堂々たる権現造りで社殿を建て直させました。","Iemitsu had the main building reconstructed in the imposing gongen-zukuri style, in which a shrine’s worship hall (haiden) and main sanctuary (honden) are both under one roof, connected by a narrow corridor (ishi no ma) to form a building in the shape of the letter H."]
[989,"東京都","上野・下谷地区多言語解説協議会","動物","獅子","しし","shishi","その中には中国とインドの神話に登場する獅子と鳳凰（中国語ではフェンファン、日本語ではホーオー）といった生物や、昔から日本で縁起が良いと考えられてきた牡丹と松の木も含まれています。","These include creatures from Chinese and Indian mythology, such as guardian lions (shishi) and the phoenix (Ch. fenghuang; Jp. ho-o), as well as peonies and pine branches, long considered auspicious in Japan."]
[990,"東京都","上野・下谷地区多言語解説協議会","動物","鳳凰","ほうおう","ho-o","その中には中国とインドの神話に登場する獅子と鳳凰（中国語ではフェンファン、日本語ではホーオー）といった生物や、昔から日本で縁起が良いと考えられてきた牡丹と松の木も含まれています。","These include creatures from Chinese and Indian mythology, such as guardian lions (shishi) and the phoenix (Ch. fenghuang; Jp. ho-o), as well as peonies and pine branches, long considered auspicious in Japan."]
[991,"東京都","上野・下谷地区多言語解説協議会","動物","閑古鳥","かんこどり","kankodori","頭の赤いこの生物は中国の故事に由来する諫鼓鳥です。","This red-headed creature is a kankodori, whose origins can be traced back to a Chinese legend."]
[992,"東京都","上野・下谷地区多言語解説協議会","建造物等","透塀","すきべい","sukibei","上野東照宮の装飾を施した「透ける」フェンス（透塀）は、神社のメインの建物（社殿）を取り囲み、神聖な建物を俗世から分離しています。","The ornate \"see-through\" fence (sukibei) at Ueno Toshogu surrounds the shrine’s main building (shaden), separating the sacred structure from the secular world."]
[993,"東京都","上野・下谷地区多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","徳川御三家","とくがわごさんけ","Tokugawa gosanke","1651年に寄進された49基の灯籠のうち、6基は唐門の横という栄誉ある場所を与えられています。尾張家、紀伊家、水戸家から2基ずつ寄進されたものです。これらは家康の直系である徳川「御三家」で、御三家は現在の将軍に後嗣ができなかった場合に次の将軍を輩出することになっていました。","Of the 49 lanterns donated in 1651, six were given pride of place flanking the Karamon Gate.  Two each were from the Owari, Kii, and Mito families—the Tokugawa gosanke or “three houses” that were descended directly from Ieyasu and would provide the next shogun should the current ruler fail to produce an heir."]
[994,"東京都","上野・下谷地区多言語解説協議会","集落・街","備前国","びぜんのくに","Bizen Province","酒井は、鳥居のために、遠く離れた備前国（現在の岡山県）から高品質の花崗岩を確保しており、出費を惜しみませんでした。","Sakai spared no expense, securing high-quality granite from faraway western Bizen Province (present-day Okayama Prefecture) for the torii."]
[995,"東京都","上野・下谷地区多言語解説協議会","食","飴","あめ","ame","駅のすぐ南に位置する闇市には、ハードキャンディー（日本の飴）を販売するいくつかの屋台がありました。","Located just south of the station, the market included a few stalls selling hard candy (ame in Japanese)."]
[996,"東京都","上野・下谷地区多言語解説協議会","集落・街","アメヤ横丁","あめやよこちょう","Ameya Yokocho","間もなく上野の闇市には数百軒の飴屋ができ、アメヤ横丁（「飴屋通り」）というニックネームの由来になりました。","The Ueno black market soon had hundreds of candy shops, which inspired the nickname Ameya Yokocho (“Candy Store Alley”)."]
[997,"東京都","上野・下谷地区多言語解説協議会","集落・街","アメリカ横丁","あめりかよこちょう","America Yokocho","米軍放出品の取引が行われるようになったことで、商店街はアメリカ横丁（「アメリカ通り」）と呼ばれるようになりました。","The trade in all things American led people to call the cluster of shops America Yokocho (“America Alley”)."]
[998,"東京都","上野・下谷地区多言語解説協議会","工芸・美術品","スカジャン","すかじゃん","sukajan","大熊商会にもゆうに半世紀以上の歴史があり、スカジャンを専門に扱っています。スカジャンは「souvenir jacket（お土産ジャケット）」とも呼ばれ、日本文化をステレオタイプ化して象徴する刺繍が施されています。初めて着用したのは、第二次大戦後に東京の南にある横須賀に駐留した米軍兵士たちでした。","Okuma Shokai, another store with well over half a century of history, specializes in sukajan—the “souvenir jackets” embroidered with stereotyped symbols of Japanese culture and first worn by American soldiers stationed in Yokosuka, south of Tokyo, after World War II."]
[999,"東京都","上野・下谷地区多言語解説協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","朝顔まつり","あさがおまつり","Asagao Matsuri","毎年恒例の「入谷朝顔まつり（アサガオの祭り）」は、入谷地区にとって不可欠の行事であり、7月には3日間の開催期間中、最大40万人が参加します。","The annual Asagao Matsuri or Morning Glory Festival is a staple of the calendar in the Iriya neighborhood, attracting up to 400,000 people over its three-day run in July."]
[1000,"東京都","上野・下谷地区多言語解説協議会","植物","朝顔","あさがお","asagao","アサガオの日本語名の由来は、早朝に花を咲かせるところから来ています。","The asagao or Japanese morning glory is so named because it blooms in the early morning."]
[1001,"東京都","上野・下谷地区多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","鬼子母神","きしもじん","Kishimojin","日融は、鬼子母神（サンスクリット語の「ハーリティー」）を模した像を託されていました","The statue he had been entrusted with was a likeness of Kishimojin (Hariti in Sanskrit)."]
[1002,"東京都","上野・下谷地区多言語解説協議会","植物","菊","きく","kiku","日本の菊には長く特徴的な歴史があります。","The chrysanthemum (kiku) has a long and distinguished history in Japan."]
[1003,"東京都","上野・下谷地区多言語解説協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","団子坂菊人形","だんござかのきくにんぎょう","Dangozaka no Kikuningyo","毎年恒例の谷中菊まつりも同様に、伝統行事「団子坂菊人形」を復活させるため、1984年に初開催された祭りです。","That is also true of the annual Yanaka Kiku Matsuri, a festival first held in 1984 to revive a traditional event called Dangozaka no Kikuningyo (“Chrysanthemum Dolls of Dangozaka”)."]
[1004,"東京都","上野・下谷地区多言語解説協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","落語","らくご","rakugo","祭りの見どころは、幽霊をテーマにした絵画（幽霊画）の展示で、伝説的な落語（伝統的な口承文学）家である三遊亭圓朝（1839年〜1900年）の収集品からのものです。円朝の物語の多くは谷中を舞台にしています。","The highlight of the festival is a display of ghost-themed paintings (yurei-ga) from the collection of Sanyutei Encho (1839–1900), a legendary performer of rakugo (traditional storytelling), whose stories were often set in Yanaka."]
[1005,"東京都","上野・下谷地区多言語解説協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","真打ち","しんうち","shin’uchi","江戸（今日の東京）で芸能人の家庭に生まれた圓朝は、7歳で初公演を行い、17歳で真打ち（師匠）の位に達すという天才児でした。","Born into a family of entertainers in Edo (present-day Tokyo), Encho was a child prodigy who performed his first show at the age of 7 and rose to the rank of shin’uchi (master) at 17."]
[1006,"東京都","上野・下谷地区多言語解説協議会","工芸・美術品","幽霊画","ゆうれいが","yurei-ga","全正庵で年に一度開催される「谷中圓朝まつり」の見どころは、三遊亭圓朝（1839–1900）が以前に所有していた、幽霊を題材とする絵画（幽霊画）の展示です。","The highlight of the annual Encho Matsuri, a festival at Zenshoan Temple, is a display of ghost-themed paintings (yurei-ga) previously owned by Sanyutei Encho (1839–1900)."]
[1007,"東京都","上野・下谷地区多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","東京招魂社","とうきょうしょうこんしゃ","Tokyo Shokonsha","天皇に仕えるなか命を落とした人々の魂は、東京招魂社（今日の靖国神社）と名付けられた新しい聖域に祀られました。しかし、敵側の戦死者にそのような名誉は与えられませんでした。","The souls of those who fell in the service of the emperor were enshrined at a new sanctuary named Tokyo Shokonsha (present-day Yasukuni Shrine), but those of the opposing side were afforded no such honor."]
[1008,"東京都","上野・下谷地区多言語解説協議会","その他","全正庵","ぜんしょうあん","Zenshoan","この掛軸には、全正庵（「あらゆる命の庵」）の文字が書かれており、角谷家で数世紀にわたり受け継がれました。","This scroll, which bore the characters Zenshoan (“Hermitage of All Life”), was passed down in the Tsunoya family through the centuries."]
[1009,"東京都","浅草地区多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","浅草寺","せんそうじ","Sensoji Temple","この出来事が浅草寺の始まりだと考えられています。","This event is thought to be the humble beginning of Sensoji Temple. "]
[1010,"東京都","浅草地区多言語解説協議会","工芸・美術品","今戸焼","いまどやき","Imado-yaki","葛飾北斎 (1760年–1849年) や歌川広重 (1797年–1858年) の木版画で不朽の名作になっただけでなく、この地域独特の陶器「今戸焼」にもその名前が冠されていました。","Not only has it been immortalized in woodblock prints by masters like Katsushika Hokusai (1760–1849) and Utagawa Hiroshige (1797–1858), but it was also closely associated with a distinct type of regional pottery, Imado-yaki.","※「今戸」と「焼」の間にハイフンを使用"]
[1011,"東京都","浅草地区多言語解説協議会","建造物等","雷門","かみなりもん","Kaminarimon Gate","雷門","Kaminarimon Gate"]
[1012,"東京都","浅草地区多言語解説協議会","組織・団体","浅草っ子","あさくさっこ","Asakusakko","地元の人々や、生まれた時から浅草に住んでいる人々は、自らを浅草っ子というさらに規模の小さい呼び名で呼びます。","Similarly, lifelong residents of Asakusa refer to themselves as “Asakusakko.”"]
[1013,"東京都","浅草地区多言語解説協議会","集落・街","仲見世","なかみせ","Nakamise Shopping Street","仲見世","Nakamise Shopping Street"]
[1014,"東京都","浅草地区多言語解説協議会","建造物等","浅草橋","あさくさばし","Asakusabashi","浅草橋地区一帯には、かつて栄えていた花街がありました。","The Asakusabashi area was once home to a thriving geisha quarter. ","※地域名のため、「Bridge」は使用しない。"]
[1015,"東京都","浅草地区多言語解説協議会","建造物等","枡形","ますがた","masugata","1636年に建てられたこの見附は実際には枡形という正方形で壁に囲まれた守衛詰所で、通り抜けられないように二個所の入り口が直角に配されていました。","The guard post, constructed in 1636, was a masugata, a square, walled gatehouse with entrances at right angles in order to prevent direct passage."]
[1016,"東京都","浅草地区多言語解説協議会","植物","首尾の松","しゅびのまつ","Shubi no Matsu Pine Tree","首尾の松","Shubi no Matsu Pine Tree"]
[1017,"東京都","浅草地区多言語解説協議会","建造物等","なまこ\n※なまこ壁","なまこ","namako","このテラスのなまこ壁は、江戸時代  (1603年 – 1868年)、この地域に幕府の米を保存していた倉庫が立ち並んでいたことにちなみ、その倉庫の外壁をイメージしたスタイルで護岸を装飾したものです。","The namako white stone and lattice walls of the terrace are constructed in the same style as the old warehouses in the area, where the government’s rice stores were kept during the Edo period (1603–1868)."]
[1018,"東京都","浅草地区多言語解説協議会","集落・街","奥浅草","おくあさくさ","Oku Asakusa","浅草寺と雷門の北側にあり、隅田川から遠く離れた地区は、地元の人々に奥浅草と呼ばれています。","To the north of Kaminarimon and Sensoji and further away from the Sumida River lies an area local residents refer to as Oku Asakusa. "]
[1019,"東京都","浅草地区多言語解説協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","花魁","おいらん","oiran","毎年4月の第2土曜日に開催されるこのイベントの目玉は吉原の花魁道中の再現です。","Held yearly on the second Saturday of April, this event features a re-creation of a procession of the high-ranking Yoshiwara oiran (courtesans). "]
[1020,"東京都","浅草地区多言語解説協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","歌舞伎","かぶき","kabuki","その時代、奥浅草は多数の芝居小屋、役者や料亭などで繁栄し続ける歌舞伎地区で大盛況を極めた歓楽街でした。","There was a thriving kabuki community with many theaters, performers, and restaurants."]
[1021,"東京都","浅草地区多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","酉の市","とりのいち","Tori no Ichi","毎年開催される酉の市のルーツは、江戸時代  (1603年 – 1868年) に遡ります。","The roots of the annual Tori no Ichi go back to the Edo period (1603–1867). "]
[1022,"東京都","浅草地区多言語解説協議会","工芸・美術品","熊手","くまで","kumade","酉の市の目玉のひとつに、竹製で装飾をほどこした熊手があり、これを買った人は、来る年の幸運をかき集め、厄を除けることができると考えられています。","A hallmark of the event are the kumade, ornate bamboo rakes believed to help patrons “rake in” prosperity in the coming year or ward off bad luck."]
[1023,"東京都","環境省皇居外苑管理事務所","その他","防備","ぼうび","fortified","高い壁、頑丈な門、警備によって守られており、江戸城内で最も護衛されていたと言われる場所でした。","These grounds would once have been the most heavily fortified part of Edo Castle, protected from attack by high walls, strong gates and guards."]
[1024,"東京都","環境省皇居外苑管理事務所","その他","現存","げんそん","extant","1607年まで遡る記録には、この場所に門があったという記載があり、1636年に現在の形に再建されたことから、田安門は現存する江戸城の最古の城門となっています。","Records going back to 1607 mention a gate at Tayasumon’s location, which was built in its present design in 1636, making it the oldest of the castle’s extant gates."]
[1025,"東京都","環境省皇居外苑管理事務所","その他","楽園","らくえん","haven","現在は、野生動物の住む安息所となり、科学技術館や、1964年のオリンピック会場および1966年のビートルズのコンサート会場で有名な日本武道館があります。","It is now a haven for wildlife and the location of the Science Museum and Nippon Budokan, a 1964 Olympic venue that also hosted the Beatles in 1966."]
[1026,"東京都","環境省皇居外苑管理事務所","建造物等","建物","たてもの","edifices","皇居外苑にある構造物は、江戸時代(1603年-1867年)からの過去の物だとすぐに分かります。","Kokyo Gaien’s edifices are unmistakable images of its Edo-period (1603-1867) past."]
[1027,"東京都","環境省皇居外苑管理事務所","建造物等","モルタル","もるたる","mortar","桜田門の背の高い石垣は、モルタルなどを使用せずに積み上げられています。","The gate’s high stone walls are built without the use of mortar."]
[1028,"東京都","環境省皇居外苑管理事務所","その他","破った","やぶった","breaching","射手やその他の兵士たちは櫓門に陣取り、高麗門を突破した敵陣に矢を放ち、石を落としていました。","Archers and other soldiers would have occupied the yaguramon gate, firing arrows and dropping rocks on any intruders breaching the koraimon gate."]
[1029,"東京都","環境省皇居外苑管理事務所","その他","彫刻のよう","ちょうこくのよう","sculptural","美しく並んだクロマツは、皇居外苑の中でも、写真撮影の名所のひとつとなっています。","The sculptural forms of the trees have made them among the most photographed aspects of the garden."]
[1030,"東京都","環境省皇居外苑管理事務所","その他","反逆的な","はんぎゃくてきな","treasonous","醍醐天皇は反逆的な武将に裏切られ、楠木に大軍との戦を命じます。","Go-Daigo was betrayed by a treasonous general and ordered Kusunoki into battle against a much larger army."]
[1031,"東京都","環境省皇居外苑管理事務所","史跡","発掘","はっくつ","unearthed","休憩所内の小さな展示スペースでは、皇居外苑の動植物の詳しい紹介や、敷地内から出土した陶磁器が展示されています。","The Wadakura Free Rest Spot indoor exhibition features in-depth information about Kokyo Gaien’s flora and fauna and showcases examples of ceramics unearthed from the site."]
[1032,"東京都","環境省皇居外苑管理事務所","その他","人間の介入","にんげんのかいにゅう","human intervention","37ヘクタールあるお濠への人間の介入を最小限に抑えることで、多様な動植物の生息を可能にしています。","Human intervention in the 0.37 square kilometers of moat cover is kept to a minimum, allowing diverse flora and fauna to thrive."]
[1033,"東京都","環境省皇居外苑管理事務所","その他","よく調整された","よくちょうせいされた","well-modulated","程よく調整された光が、明るく照らし出された周辺の高層ビルとは対照的です。","The well-modulated lighting offers a restful contrast to the brightly lit skyscrapers of the surrounding area."]
[1034,"東京都","環境省皇居外苑管理事務所","その他","戦術の才気","せんじゅつのさいき","strategic brilliance","彼の戦術の才気は、後醍醐天皇の鎌倉幕府倒幕と天皇親政の一時的な復活へ寄与しました。","Kusunoki’s strategic brilliance had helped the emperor overthrow the Kamakura shogunate and briefly restore power to the imperial house."]
[1035,"東京都","環境省皇居外苑管理事務所","その他","政治の大変動","せいじのだいへんどう","political upheaval","築城されたのは、闘争と政治の大変動の時代です。","The castle was built during a time of conflict and political upheaval."]
[1036,"東京都","環境省皇居外苑管理事務所","史跡","高射機関砲","たかいきかんほう","anti-aircraft cannon battery","千鳥ヶ淵には、1937年に日中戦争のために建てられた高射機関砲のコンクリート台座が残っています。","Concrete bases of an anti-aircraft cannon battery—originally built in 1937 for the Second Sino-Japanese War—can be found nearby on the banks of Chidorigafuchi Moat."]
[1037,"東京都","環境省皇居外苑管理事務所","人物・人名・役職名","譲位した先の天皇","じょういしたさきのてんのう","abdicated former Emperor","平成（1989年-2019年）の天皇だった上皇陛下の御成婚を記念して1961年に建設され、天皇陛下 (在位期間：2019年‐）の御成婚を記念して1995年に改装されました。","It was built in 1961 for the marriage of Heisei Emperor Emeritus (r. 1989–2019), the abdicated former Emperor and was renovated in 1995 for the marriage of the Emperor (r. 2019–)."]
[1038,"東京都","環境省皇居外苑管理事務所","その他","破ることができない","やぶることができない","unbreachable","この作りは破ることができないと考えられており、江戸時代（1603年-1867年）に盛んに使用されていました。","The design was considered unbreachable and was very popular during the Edo period (1603–1867)."]
[1039,"東京都","公益財団法人菊葉文化協会","芸能・興行・イベント","宮内庁楽部オーケストラ","くないちょうおーけすとら","the Court musicians of the Music Department of the Imperial Household","音楽堂では宮内庁楽部オーケストラによる私的演奏会が催され、古代より伝わる宮廷音楽である西洋のクラシック音楽が演奏されます。","Western classical music concerts performed by the Court musicians of the Music Department of the Imperial Household are given here in the presence of Their Majesties the Emperor and Empress, and other members of the Imperial Family."]
[1040,"東京都","公益財団法人菊葉文化協会","建造物等","天守台","てんしゅだい","keep","天守台","Tenshudai, Base of Edo Castle Keep"]
[1041,"東京都","公益財団法人菊葉文化協会","建造物等","石室","いしむろ","stone cellar","この20㎡の石室が実際に何に使われていたのか、確実なことは誰にもわかりません。","The exact purpose of this 20-square-metre stone cellar is not known."]
[1042,"東京都","公益財団法人菊葉文化協会","建造物等","大奥","おおおく","women’s living quarter","江戸城本丸御殿の大奥に近いことから、火事の際に正室その他の女性たちが利用した可能性があります。","Located close to the site of the women’s living quarters in the Edo Castle palace complex, it is possible that the shogun’s consort and concubines used this cellar during fires."]
[1043,"東京都","公益財団法人菊葉文化協会","建造物等","多聞","たもん","tamon","多聞とは城郭の石垣の上に建てられた回廊のような一層構造の建物のことです。","A tamon generally refers to a single-storey gallery-like building that was built on the ramparts of a castle compound."]
[1044,"東京都","公益財団法人菊葉文化協会","建造物等","大番所","おおばんしょ","obansho","大番所は江戸城の機能として重要な門にありました。","Obansho were guardhouses built at the strategically important gates of Edo Castle."]
[1045,"東京都","公益財団法人菊葉文化協会","建造物等","本丸","ほんまる","honmaru","大番所は江戸城に三つ残るうちのひとつで、中の門の近くに位置。江戸城本丸に入る人々の最後のチェックポイントでした。","This particular Obansho, one of three remaining at Edo Castle, is located near the back of the Naka no Mon, and was the final checkpoint for people going into the honmaru main compound of Edo Castle. "]
[1046,"東京都","公益財団法人菊葉文化協会","建造物等","松の大廊下","まつのおおろうか","Matsu no Oroka","ここは「松の大廊下」と呼ばれる廊下の跡地で、松の木を描いた特徴的な襖戸がその名前の由来です。","This was the site of a corridor known as the Matsu no Oroka, the “Great Pine Corridor,” after the pine trees painted on its sliding doors."]
[1047,"東京都","公益財団法人菊葉文化協会","芸能・興行・イベント","忠臣蔵","ちゅうしんぐら","Chushingura","ここは赤穂事件の舞台であり、忠臣蔵の名で知られるこの逸話は、歌舞伎、文学、小説、映画で長年に渡り人気を博しています。","This was the stage for the Ako Jiken, a famous incident that is the basis for the Chushingura, a subject perennially popular in Japanese theatre, puppetry, fiction, and film. "]
[1048,"東京都","公益財団法人菊葉文化協会","人物・人名・役職名","浪人","ろうにん","ronin","1年後、今や浪人となった47人の浅野の家臣が復讐のため吉良を殺害します。","One year later, forty-seven of his retainers—now ronin, masterless samurai—killed Kira in revenge. "]
[1049,"東京都","公益財団法人菊葉文化協会","建造物等","二の丸","にのまる","ninomaru","二の丸から本丸に続くこの坂の梅の木は、東御苑が一般公開された1968年に植えられたものです。","The plum trees on this slope that leads from the ninomaru second compound of Edo Castle to the honmaru main compound were planted before the East Gardens opened to the public in 1968."]
[1050,"東京都","公益財団法人菊葉文化協会","庭園・公園","池泉回遊式の庭園","ちせんかいゆうしきのていえん","chisen kaiyu garden","中心にある池の周囲に園路を配した、いわゆる池泉回遊式の庭園となっています。","It is a chisen kaiyu garden, a stroll garden centered around a pond."]
[1051,"東京都","（小笠原国立公園）小笠原エコツーリズム協議会","その他","固有種","こゆうしゅ","endemic species","地理的に孤立したこの島々は多くの固有種の生息地となっており、周辺の大海原はクジラやイルカ、アオウミガメの楽園となっている。","The islands are geographically isolated and home to many endemic species, and the surrounding blue waters are a paradise for whales, dolphins, and green sea turtles. "]
[1052,"東京都","（小笠原国立公園）小笠原エコツーリズム協議会","動物","カツオドリ","かつおどり","brown boobies","到着の5時間ほど前になると、たいてい最初に姿を現すのがカツオドリ（英名ブラウンブービー）だ。","Brown boobies (katsuo-dori) usually appear first, about five hours before landfall."]
[1053,"東京都","（小笠原国立公園）小笠原エコツーリズム協議会","動物","オナガミズナギドリ","おながみずなぎどり","wedge-tailed shearwaters","島に近づいてくると、オナガミズナギドリもよくフェリーの近くで見ることができる。","Wedge-tailed shearwaters (onaga-mizunagi-dori) can often be seen close to the ship as it nears the islands."]
[1054,"東京都","（小笠原国立公園）小笠原エコツーリズム協議会","動物","ザトウクジラ","ざとうくじら","humpback whales","小笠原近海によく姿を現すクジラの中で最も多く見かけるのが、ザトウクジラとマッコウクジラである。ヒレや尾の先端の写真から、一部のクジラは毎年島に戻ってくることが確認された。","Humpback and sperm whales are the most common species of whale that frequent the waters around Ogasawara, and photos of the whales’ fins and flukes have shown that some of them return to the islands year after year. "]
[1055,"東京都","（小笠原国立公園）小笠原エコツーリズム協議会","動物","マッコウクジラ","まっこくじら","sperm whales","小笠原近海によく姿を現すクジラの中で最も多く見かけるのが、ザトウクジラとマッコウクジラである。ヒレや尾の先端の写真から、一部のクジラは毎年島に戻ってくることが確認された。","Humpback and sperm whales are the most common species of whale that frequent the waters around Ogasawara, and photos of the whales’ fins and flukes has shown that some of them return to the islands year after year. "]
[1056,"東京都","（小笠原国立公園）小笠原エコツーリズム協議会","動物","捕食者","ほしょくしゃ","predators","しかし、信号のような人工的な明かりによって海とは逆の方向に向かってしまい、捕食者や車、およびその他の脅威となる存在により危険にさらされる場合もある。","However, artificial lighting like streetlights can cause baby turtles to head away from the ocean, exposing them to danger from predators, motor vehicles, and other threats."]
[1057,"東京都","（小笠原国立公園）小笠原エコツーリズム協議会","動物","ミナミハンドウイルカ","みなみはんどういるか","Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins ","ミナミハンドウイルカは吻（ふん）が長く、腹がまだら模様で、体長は通常2.5メートル程。","Around 2.5 meters in length, Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins have long beaks and mottled abdomens. "]
[1058,"東京都","（小笠原国立公園）小笠原エコツーリズム協議会","動物","ハシナガイルカ","はしながいるか","spinner dolphin","ハシナガイルカの体長はそれよりも少し小型の約2メートルで、背ビレと胸ビレが黒みがかっている。","Spinner dolphins are slightly shorter, at about 2 meters, and have darker pectoral and dorsal fins. "]
[1059,"東京都","（小笠原国立公園）小笠原エコツーリズム協議会","その他","先天的な恐怖心","せんてんてきなきょうふしん","innate fear","島に人間がやって来る以前、ハハジマメグロにはノスリを除いて天敵がいなかったため、人間や土地固有のその他の動物に対して先天的な恐怖心を今も備えていない。","Before humans came to the islands, Bonin white-eyes had no predators other than the common buzzard, and they have no innate fear of humans or other land-based animals."]
[1060,"東京都","（小笠原国立公園）小笠原エコツーリズム協議会","その他","侵入類\n外来種","しんにゅうしゅ\nがいらいしゅ","invasive species ","人間は1800年代に島に移住してきた際、この鳥にとっての主な天敵となるネコやネズミなどの侵入種を一緒に持ち込み、アカガシラカラスバトを食料として捕らえていたものと考えられる。","When people arrived on the islands in the 1800s, they brought cats, rats, and other invasive species that became the bird’s main predators, and the birds were also likely hunted for food. "]
[1061,"東京都","（小笠原国立公園）小笠原エコツーリズム協議会","植物","タコノキ","たこのき","pandanus tree","人が島にやって来る以前、オガサワラオオコウモリはタコノキの実や自然の花、小さな果実などを食べていた。","Before people arrived on the islands, the bats ate the fruit of the pandanus tree (tako-no-ki), other small fruits, and native flowers. "]
[1062,"東京都","（小笠原国立公園）小笠原エコツーリズム協議会","その他","絶滅の危機に瀕している\n絶滅危惧種の","ぜつめつのききにひんしている\n絶滅危惧種の","endangered","このコウモリは絶滅の危機に瀕しており、危害を加えることは法律で禁じられているため、一部の島民にとっては彼らとの共生が課題となっている。","The bats are endangered, and it is illegal to harm them, but living in harmony with the bats is challenging for some of the islanders. "]
[1063,"東京都","（小笠原国立公園）小笠原エコツーリズム協議会","その他","基地","きち","base","戦後はアメリカが島を基地として使用したため、島に戻ることができたのはほんの数人で、小笠原の統治権が日本に返還された1968年になってようやく残りの島民の帰還が認められた。","After the war, the United States used the islands as a base, and very few residents were allowed to return to the islands until 1968, when control of Ogasawara was given back to Japan. "]
[1064,"東京都","（小笠原国立公園）小笠原エコツーリズム協議会","植物","ティピカ種","てぃぴかしゅ","Typica trees","ティピカ種の木で、世界で最も広く栽培されている品種であるアラビカ種の一種である。","They are Typica trees, a variety of Arabica coffee––the most widely grown type of coffee in the world. "]
[1065,"東京都","（小笠原国立公園）小笠原エコツーリズム協議会","動物","サワラ","さわら","type of Spanish mackerel ","島ずしにはどんな魚を使ってもよいが、小笠原ではこの一帯に多くいるサワラと呼ばれるサバの一種を使うことが最も多い。","Although any fish can be used to make shima-zushi, on Ogasawara it is most often made with a type of Spanish mackerel called sawara, which is common around the islands."]
[1066,"東京都","（小笠原国立公園）小笠原エコツーリズム協議会","人物・人名・役職名","\n織工","\nしょっこう","weaver","タコノ葉は曲げやすい材質で、織工たちによって帽子、カゴ、箱、サンダルなど多くの日用品が作られた。","The leaves are a pliable material out of which weavers made hats, baskets and boxes, sandals, and many other items for daily life."]
[1067,"東京都","（小笠原国立公園）小笠原エコツーリズム協議会","その他","難解","なんかい","unintelligible","伝達が繰り返され原曲の歌詞の多くは難解となった。","Through repeated transmission, many of the songs have become unintelligible."]
[1068,"東京都","（小笠原国立公園）小笠原エコツーリズム協議会","工芸・美術品","カカ","かか","kaka drum","小笠原の民俗舞踊の拍子を刻むのは、打楽器「カカ」の独特な音色だ。","The distinctive sound of the kaka drum keeps the beat for the folk dances of Ogasawara. "]
[1069,"東京都","（小笠原国立公園）小笠原エコツーリズム協議会","史跡","防御施設","ぼうぎょしせつ","fortification","米軍は島にあった日本軍の軍事施設の多くに手を付けなかったため、1968年に島が日本に返還されたときには、多くの防御施設の廃墟がそのまま残されていた。","The Navy left many of the Japanese military installations on the islands alone, and when the island was returned to Japan in 1968, ruins of many of the fortifications remained. "]
[1070,"東京都","（小笠原国立公園）小笠原エコツーリズム協議会","組織・団体","欧米系島民","おうべいけいとうみん","“Western islander”","これらの人々は欧米系島民と呼ばれた。","These people are called ōbei-kei tōmin, which means “Western islander.” "]
[1071,"東京都","（小笠原国立公園）小笠原エコツーリズム協議会","植物","クワノキ","くわのき","mulberry","さらに、その堅さと木目、非常に黒みがかった色から小笠原固有のクワノキが重宝され、このクワノキから作られる製品は、タコノキの葉で編まれた製品とともに東京や海外で販売された。","The local variety of mulberry was prized for the hardness, grain, and dark color of its wood. Items made from it, along with items woven from pandanus leaves, were sold in Tokyo and abroad."]
[1072,"東京都","（小笠原国立公園）小笠原エコツーリズム協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","カヌー大会","カヌーたいかい","paddling competition","ファイバーグラスのカヌーを使って、毎年カヌー大会が催される。","A paddling competition is held every year using the fiberglass canoes. "]
[1073,"東京都","東京アート＆ライブシティ構想実行委員会","芸能・興行・イベント","猿楽","さるがく","sarugaku","その起源は9世紀頃に遡り、当時は猿楽と呼ばれる、軽業、寸劇、喜劇といったいくつかの舞台芸術の緩やかな集合に過ぎませんでした。","Its origins can be traced back before the ninth century when it was known as sarugaku, a loose collection of performing arts including acrobatics, dancing, and comedy. "]
[1074,"東京都","東京アート＆ライブシティ構想実行委員会","芸能・興行・イベント","シテ","して","shite","その伝統的な構造は次の通りです。シテと呼ばれる主役が能面と凝った装束とを身にまとうことで人物を表現し、団扇を持ち歩きます。物語に文脈を与える地謡が脇役を務め、4人の演奏者（囃子）が3種の鼓と笛とを演奏します。能の興行では一般的に幕間に狂言（喜劇）が上演されます。"," The traditional noh structure is as follows: shite (a masked protagonist), elaborately robed and holding a fan, is supported by a jiutai(chorus), which provides context to the story, and bayashi (musicians) playing a flute and three types of drums. To provide levity, noh shows typically feature an element of a kyogen (comedy) in between scenes."]
[1075,"東京都","東京アート＆ライブシティ構想実行委員会","芸能・興行・イベント","地謡","じうたい","jiutai","その伝統的な構造は次の通りです。シテと呼ばれる主役が能面と凝った装束とを身にまとうことで人物を表現し、団扇を持ち歩きます。物語に文脈を与える地謡が脇役を務め、4人の演奏者（囃子）が3種の鼓と笛とを演奏します。能の興行では一般的に幕間に狂言（喜劇）が上演されます。"," The traditional noh structure is as follows: shite (a masked protagonist), elaborately robed and holding a fan, is supported by a jiutai(chorus), which provides context to the story, and bayashi (musicians) playing a flute and three types of drums. To provide levity, noh shows typically feature an element of a kyogen (comedy) in between scenes."]
[1076,"東京都","東京アート＆ライブシティ構想実行委員会","芸能・興行・イベント","囃子","ばやし","bayashi","その伝統的な構造は次の通りです。シテと呼ばれる主役が能面と凝った装束とを身にまとうことで人物を表現し、団扇を持ち歩きます。物語に文脈を与える地謡が脇役を務め、4人の演奏者（囃子）が3種の鼓と笛とを演奏します。能の興行では一般的に幕間に狂言（喜劇）が上演されます。"," The traditional noh structure is as follows: shite (a masked protagonist), elaborately robed and holding a fan, is supported by a jiutai(chorus), which provides context to the story, and bayashi (musicians) playing a flute and three types of drums. To provide levity, noh shows typically feature an element of a kyogen (comedy) in between scenes."]
[1077,"東京都","東京アート＆ライブシティ構想実行委員会","芸能・興行・イベント","狂言","きょうげん","kyogen","その伝統的な構造は次の通りです。シテと呼ばれる主役が能面と凝った装束とを身にまとうことで人物を表現し、団扇を持ち歩きます。物語に文脈を与える地謡が脇役を務め、4人の演奏者（囃子）が3種の鼓と笛とを演奏します。能の興行では一般的に幕間に狂言（喜劇）が上演されます。"," The traditional noh structure is as follows: shite (a masked protagonist), elaborately robed and holding a fan, is supported by a jiutai(chorus), which provides context to the story, and bayashi (musicians) playing a flute and three types of drums. To provide levity, noh shows typically feature an element of a kyogen (comedy) in between scenes."]
[1078,"東京都","東京アート＆ライブシティ構想実行委員会","芸能・興行・イベント","仕舞","しまい","shimai","典型的な能の演舞は、4時間続き、能の合間に、喜劇的な狂言と、その後に、仕舞という、選り抜きの能の概要のようなものが入ります。","A typical noh performance lasts four hours, including an intermission of a kyogen comedy act followed by a shimai, which is a type of dance interpretation of a chosen noh text."]
[1079,"東京都","東京アート＆ライブシティ構想実行委員会","芸能・興行・イベント","隈取り","くまどり","kumadori","役者が凝った衣装を身につけ、顔全体に独特の化粧（隈取と呼ばれ、通常は主役、権力のある役、または女性役が対象）を施して、様式化され、かつ、誇張された動きで演じます。","Simply put, this traditional Japanese theater is a form of dance-drama, in which the actors don elaborate costumes and full-face makeup (known as kumadori) and perform stylized and exaggerated movements."]
[1080,"東京都","東京アート＆ライブシティ構想実行委員会","芸能・興行・イベント","立役","たちやく","tachiyaku","この伝統は今日まで続いています。 男性役者は「たちやく（立役）」と呼ばれ、女性役の役者は「おんながた（女形）」と呼ばれます。音楽と黒子もいることで、舞台が成り立ちます。黒子は、全身黒い衣装をまとい、見えないようにしている舞台係です。","This tradition persists today; male actors playing the same sex are called tachiyaku while those who play female roles are referred to as onnagata. The musicians and the kuroko—near invisible stagehands dressed all in black—complete the ensemble."]
[1081,"東京都","東京アート＆ライブシティ構想実行委員会","芸能・興行・イベント","女形","おんながた","onnagata","この伝統は今日まで続いています。 男性役者は「たちやく（立役）」と呼ばれ、女性役の役者は「おんながた（女形）」と呼ばれます。音楽と黒子もいることで、舞台が成り立ちます。黒子は、全身黒い衣装をまとい、見えないようにしている舞台係です。","This tradition persists today; male actors playing the same sex are called tachiyaku while those who play female roles are referred to as onnagata. The musicians and the kuroko—near invisible stagehands dressed all in black—complete the ensemble."]
[1082,"東京都","東京アート＆ライブシティ構想実行委員会","芸能・興行・イベント","黒子","くろこ","kuroko","この伝統は今日まで続いています。 男性役者は「たちやく（立役）」と呼ばれ、女性役の役者は「おんながた（女形）」と呼ばれます。音楽と黒子もいることで、舞台が成り立ちます。黒子は、全身黒い衣装をまとい、見えないようにしている舞台係です。","This tradition persists today; male actors playing the same sex are called tachiyaku while those who play female roles are referred to as onnagata. The musicians and the kuroko—near invisible stagehands dressed all in black—complete the ensemble."]
[1083,"東京都","東京アート＆ライブシティ構想実行委員会","芸能・興行・イベント","時代物","じだいもの","jidaimono","歌舞伎には2つの種類があります。時代物は、歴史上の出来事に基づき、主に権力を握る侍階級の話で観客を楽しませます。一方で世話物は、恋愛や道徳的な葛藤などをテーマとした日常的な物語が舞台で繰り広げられます。","There are two types of kabuki plays: more formal jidaimono based on historical events that often tell tales of the ruling samurai class, and sewamono, stories that revolve around everyday folk, with themes such as romance and moral conflict taking center stage."]
[1084,"東京都","東京アート＆ライブシティ構想実行委員会","芸能・興行・イベント","世話物","せわもの","sewamono","歌舞伎には2つの種類があります。時代物は、歴史上の出来事に基づき、主に権力を握る侍階級の話で観客を楽しませます。一方で世話物は、恋愛や道徳的な葛藤などをテーマとした日常的な物語が舞台で繰り広げられます。","There are two types of kabuki plays: more formal jidaimono based on historical events that often tell tales of the ruling samurai class, and sewamono, stories that revolve around everyday folk, with themes such as romance and moral conflict taking center stage."]
[1085,"東京都","東京アート＆ライブシティ構想実行委員会","芸能・興行・イベント","落語","らくご","rakugo","ステージはストレートプレイやコンサート、漫談、落語でも使用されます。"," The space is also made in the schedule for dramatic plays, song-and-dance shows, concerts, stand-up comedy, and traditional rakugo storytelling."]
[1086,"東京都","東京アート＆ライブシティ構想実行委員会","芸能・興行・イベント","花道","はなみち","hanamichi","ステージは歌舞伎の伝統にもとづいて設計され、観客席をまっすぐ貫く通路である「花道」とがあり、観客席は3階建てで1424席あります。","Its stage was built according to kabuki traditions, with a hanamichi, a raised passageway running straight through the three-tiered auditorium, which has 1,424 seats."]
[1087,"東京都","東京アート＆ライブシティ構想実行委員会","芸能・興行・イベント","大向う","おおむこう","oomukou","観衆も同様に、役者の名前を叫ぶことができ、これは大向うとして知られています。","Similarly, audience members can yell out the actors’ names as a form of encouragement, known as oomukou. "]
[1088,"東京都","東京アート＆ライブシティ構想実行委員会","芸能・興行・イベント","男役","おとこやく","otokoyaku","毎回の宝塚公演は、約1時間半の演劇で、劇中の人物はすべて女性が演じており、物語は多くの場合、主演男役と主演娘役を軸に展開されます。"," Every Takarazuka performance starts with a play that lasts for about one and a half hours, and in which every character is played by multiple women regardless of identity as the male lead (otokoyaku) or female lead (musumeyaku). "]
[1089,"東京都","東京アート＆ライブシティ構想実行委員会","芸能・興行・イベント","娘役","むすめやく","musumeyaku","毎回の宝塚公演は、約1時間半の演劇で、劇中の人物はすべて女性が演じており、物語は多くの場合、主演男役と主演娘役を軸に展開されます。"," Every Takarazuka performance starts with a play that lasts for about one and a half hours, and in which every character is played by multiple women regardless of identity as the male lead (otokoyaku) or female lead (musumeyaku). "]
[1090,"東京都","東京アート＆ライブシティ構想実行委員会","紋章等 ","雪月花","せつげっか","setsugekka","吊るされた髪提灯には劇場の座紋が入っており、雪月花（雪と月と花）を表しています。"," Hanging paper lanterns carry the theater’s distinctive logo, known as setsugekka (雪月花), which features snow, the moon, and flowers."]
[1091,"東京都","東京アート＆ライブシティ構想実行委員会","芸能・興行・イベント","文楽","ぶんらく","bunraku","4世紀にわたる長い歴史を通して、歌舞伎はその時代の流行を盛り込むだけでなく、能や文楽などの伝統芸能からも様々な要素を借用してきました。","Throughout its four century-long history, kabuki has not only incorporated fashion references of the times but also borrowed from other traditional performing arts such as noh and bunraku puppet theatre."]
[1092,"東京都","環境省新宿御苑管理事務所","建造物等","ビンナン式","びんなんしき","Binnan","建築様式は「ビンナン式」と呼ばれる、中国南部の福建省のものであり、台湾では19世紀初頭から人気となりました。","The architectural style is called Binnan, from China’s southern Fujian Province, and was popular in Taiwan from the early nineteenth century."]
[1093,"東京都","環境省新宿御苑管理事務所","人物・人名・役職名","内藤清成","ないとうきよなり","Naito Kiyonari","このエリアはもともと、将軍の重要な家臣であった内藤清成（1555～1608）という大名の庭園の一部であり、典型的な日本庭園の特徴が凝縮された場所です。","This area is a part of a much larger Japanese garden originally owned by Naito Kiyonari (1555–1608), an important vassal of the shogun. "]
[1094,"東京都","環境省新宿御苑管理事務所","庭園・公園","風景式庭園","ふうけいしきていえん","Formal Garden","東から西にかけて、風景式庭園、整形式庭園、日本庭園、母と子の森です。","From east to west these are the Formal Garden, the Landscape Garden, the Japanese Traditional Garden, and the Mother and Child Woods. "]
[1095,"東京都","環境省新宿御苑管理事務所","庭園・公園","整形式庭園","せいけいしきていえん","Landscape Garden","東から西にかけて、風景式庭園、整形式庭園、日本庭園、母と子の森です。","From east to west these are the Formal Garden, the Landscape Garden, the Japanese Traditional Garden, and the Mother and Child Woods. "]
[1096,"東京都","環境省新宿御苑管理事務所","植物","ソメイヨシノ","そめいよしの","Somei Yoshino","中でも最高の見頃は、東京で最もポピュラーな桜の品種ソメイヨシノが開花する3月下旬から4月上旬です。","The best viewing season starts from the end of March to early April with Somei Yoshino, the most popular variety of cherry in Tokyo. "]
[1097,"東京都","環境省新宿御苑管理事務所","書物","万葉集","まんようしゅう","Manyoshu","桜は8世紀に編纂された万葉集や古事記にもその名があるように、古くから日本文化において重要かつ欠かせない役割を果たしてきており、平安時代（794～1185）にはそれまで以上に顕著な存在となりました。","The cherry blossom has played an important and integral role in Japanese culture since ancient times, appearing in the Manyoshu anthology of poetry collected in the eighth century, and the Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters) from the same period, and becoming ever more prominent during the Heian period (794-1185). "]
[1098,"東京都","環境省新宿御苑管理事務所","書物","古事記","こじき","Kojiki","桜は8世紀に編纂された万葉集や古事記にもその名があるように、古くから日本文化において重要かつ欠かせない役割を果たしてきており、平安時代（794～1185）にはそれまで以上に顕著な存在となりました。","The cherry blossom has played an important and integral role in Japanese culture since ancient times, appearing in the Manyoshu anthology of poetry collected in the eighth century, and the Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters) from the same period, and becoming ever more prominent during the Heian period (794-1185). "]
[1099,"東京都","環境省新宿御苑管理事務所","建造物等","スティック スタイル","すてぃっくすたいる","Stick style","一見したところ、この建物には19世紀後半にアメリカで流行したスティック スタイルという建築様式が用いられているように見えます。","At first glance, the building appears to be constructed in the Stick style, which was a late nineteenth-century American architectural style."]
[1100,"東京都","環境省新宿御苑管理事務所","植物","洋ラン","ようらん","tropical orchids","日本における本格的な洋ラン栽培は1890年代にこの地に建てられた旧温室から始まりました。","Japan’s history of cultivating tropical orchids really began with the imperial greenhouses erected here in the 1890s. "]
[1101,"東京都","環境省新宿御苑管理事務所","書物","サンダーズリスト","さんだーりすと","Sander’s List of Orchid Hybrids","世界のランの交配種が登録されている、権威ある「サンダーズリスト」には、新宿御苑作出のランが20種以上登録されています。","You can find more than twenty such varieties registered in the authoritative Sander’s List of Orchid Hybrids."]
[1102,"東京都","環境省新宿御苑管理事務所","島しょ","日本列島","にほんれっとう","Japanese archipelago","日本列島は100m以上の海岸線を持つ6,852の島から成り立っています。","The Japanese archipelago consists of 6,852 islands that have a coastline of more than one hundred meters."]
[1103,"東京都","環境省新宿御苑管理事務所","その他","植物園の保全活動に対する国際アジェンダ","しょくぶつえんのほぜんかつどうにたいするこくさいあじぇんだ","the International Agenda for Botanic Gardens in Conservation","第二に、新宿御苑は植物園自然保護国際機構が立ち上げた「植物園の保全活動に対する国際アジェンダ」に登録されています。","Second, Shinjuku Gyoen is committed to the International Agenda for Botanic Gardens in Conservation, which was established by Botanic Gardens Conservation International."]
[1104,"東京都","環境省新宿御苑管理事務所","植物","ハナシノブ","はなしのぶ","Polemonium kiushianum","地域野生植物保全拠点園として、新宿御苑ではハナシノブなどの国内希少野生動植物種の保全への取り組みや、「絶滅のおそれのある野生動植物の種の保存に関する法律（種の保存法）」に定められたその他の絶滅危惧植物の栽培を行っています。","As a registered regional conservation garden, Shinjuku Gyoen is working to preserve the lineage of rare domestic plants such as Polemonium kiushianum and cultivating other endangered plants in accordance with Law for the Conservation of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (LCES). "]
[1105,"東京都","環境省新宿御苑管理事務所","社会","絶滅のおそれのある野生動植物の種の保存に関する法律","ぜつめつのおそれのあるやせいどうぶつのしゅのほぞんにかんするほうりつ","Law for the Conservation of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora","地域野生植物保全拠点園として、新宿御苑ではハナシノブなどの国内希少野生動植物種の保全への取り組みや、「絶滅のおそれのある野生動植物の種の保存に関する法律（種の保存法）」に定められたその他の絶滅危惧植物の栽培を行っています。","As a registered regional conservation garden, Shinjuku Gyoen is working to preserve the lineage of rare domestic plants such as Polemonium kiushianum and cultivating other endangered plants in accordance with Law for the Conservation of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (LCES). "]
[1106,"東京都","環境省新宿御苑管理事務所","社会","自然公園法","しぜんこうえんほう","the Natural Parks Act","その結果、現在では「絶滅のおそれのある野生動植物の種の保存に関する法律（種の保存法）」、「自然公園法」、「文化財保護法」といった、野山での指定植物の採取を規制する規則や法令が敷かれています。","As a result, there are now regulations and ordinances in effect, including the Law for the Conservation of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, the Natural Parks Act, and the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties, which regulate the collecting of such plants from the wild."]
[1107,"東京都","環境省新宿御苑管理事務所","社会","文化財保護法","ぶんかざいほごほう","he Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties","その結果、現在では「絶滅のおそれのある野生動植物の種の保存に関する法律（種の保存法）」、「自然公園法」、「文化財保護法」といった、野山での指定植物の採取を規制する規則や法令が敷かれています。","As a result, there are now regulations and ordinances in effect, including the Law for the Conservation of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, the Natural Parks Act, and the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties, which regulate the collecting of such plants from the wild."]
[1108,"東京都","環境省新宿御苑管理事務所","人物・人名・役職名","福羽逸人","ふくばはやと","Hayato Fukuba","福羽逸人（1856～1921）は、新宿御苑の歴史において最も重要な人物の一人です。","Hayato Fukuba (1856–1921) is one of the most important figures in the history of Shinjuku Gyoen."]
[1109,"東京都","宗教法人明治神宮（多言語解説協議会）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","初詣","はつもうで","hatsumode","明治神宮は初詣（一年の最初の神社への参拝）をする場としても最も多く人が集まります。","Meiji Jingu receives the most people of any shrine in Japan for hatsumode, the first shrine visit of the New Year."]
[1110,"東京都","宗教法人明治神宮（多言語解説協議会）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","鳥居","とりい","torii","笠木と島木が上に乗る2つの柱から構成される門である鳥居は、神社への入り口で、つまり神聖と世俗の境界線です。","A torii, which is a gate that consists of two pillars topped with a double lintel and a tie beam, marks the entrance to a shrine, separating the sacred world from the secular. "]
[1111,"東京都","宗教法人明治神宮（多言語解説協議会）","建造物等","みなみさんどう","みなみさんどう","Minami sando","境内の森の中に建てられ、神橋に隣接し、南参道の直ぐ側です。"," It is located inside the forest, adjacent to the Shinkyo bridge and just off the Minami sando approach to the main shrine."]
[1112,"東京都","宗教法人明治神宮（多言語解説協議会）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神","かみ","kami","中身が入っていない樽はボトルに入った酒とともに神に奉納されます。","The barrels, which are decorative and empty, are offered to the kami deities along with the sake in bottles."]
[1113,"東京都","宗教法人明治神宮（多言語解説協議会）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大鳥居","おおとりい","Ootorii","北参道と南参道が合流地点、本殿へと続く正参道の入口となっており、「大鳥居」と呼ばれています。","It is located at the intersection of the northern and southern approaches to the main shrine, and is also known as the ootorii or ‘large torii’."]
[1114,"東京都","宗教法人明治神宮（多言語解説協議会）","建造物等","数寄屋造り","すうきや　づくり","sukiya zukuri","様式は数寄屋造りで、これは茶室にヒントを得た洗練された建築手法を取り入れていることを意味します。"," It is built in the sukiya zukuri architectural style and incorporates refined touches inspired by teahouses."]
[1115,"東京都","宗教法人明治神宮（多言語解説協議会）","建造物等","御釣台","おつりだい","otsuri dai","御釣台は明治天皇の命で昭憲皇太后のために設けられたもので、皇太后はこの場所で釣りを楽しみました。","The otsuri dai, or fishing platform, was constructed by order of the Emperor for Empress Shoken, who enjoyed fishing at this spot."]
[1116,"東京都","宗教法人明治神宮（多言語解説協議会）","湖沼","南池","なんち","Nanchi","この井戸の水は菖蒲田に引かれ、南池を通り、さらに水門を抜けて南参道の橋の下をくぐり、最後は渋谷川へと注ぎます。","Water from the well irrigates the iris field, then passes through the Nanchi south pond, exiting through a sluice gate and passing the Minami sando below the bridge, "]
[1117,"東京都","宗教法人明治神宮（多言語解説協議会）","建造物等","枡形","ますがた","masugata","戦国時代（15世紀後半〜16世紀後半）に、城の門や城下町の道ではよくこの桝形が起用されていましたが、 敵への防衛力を高めるためでした。","During the Warring States period (1467–1568), castle gates, and roads in castle towns would often feature this masugata right angle, which was a defensive feature used to slow down an attacker."]
[1118,"東京都","宗教法人明治神宮（多言語解説協議会）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","手水舎","てみずや","temizuya","神社に入る際には、拝観者は本殿へ進む前に、ある儀式を行って自らを清めることが求められ、手水舎というこの儀式を行う施設で行われます。","When entering a shrine, visitors purify themselves ritually before proceeding toward the main sanctuary. This is done at a temizuya, ritual purification building. "]
[1119,"東京都","宗教法人明治神宮（多言語解説協議会）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","お守り","おまもり","omamori","神社で買った幸運のお守りは、目的が達成された場合や、1年以上が経過した場合には、普通は神社へと返されます。","Omamori, the lucky charms available at shrines, are usually returned once they have served their purpose, or if they are more than a year old."]
[1120,"東京都","宗教法人明治神宮（多言語解説協議会）","植物","夫婦楠","めおとくす","Meoto Kusu","この一対のクスノキは、夫婦楠と呼ばれています。","This pair of camphor trees is known as Meoto Kusu, or ‘husband and wife camphor trees’."]
[1121,"東京都","宗教法人明治神宮（多言語解説協議会）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","御日供祭","おにっくさい","onikkusai","内部では神官によって様々な祭儀が執り行われ,中には、日々の御神饌を奉納し祈祷を捧げる御日供祭もあり、毎日午前8時と午後2時に執り行われています。","Many rituals are carried out daily inside the inner sanctum, including the offering of sacred food and prayers known as onikkusai, which is held at 8 a.m. and 2 p.m. every day."]
[1122,"東京都","宗教法人明治神宮（多言語解説協議会）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","お札","おふだ","ofuda","授与所ではお守りやお札を受けることができます。","Amulets known as omamori and protective talismans known as ofuda are available here."]
[1123,"東京都","宗教法人明治神宮（多言語解説協議会）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","おみくじ","おみくじ","omikuji","ほとんどの神社ではおみくじを引くことができます。","Most shrines in Japan offer omikuji, or fortune-telling strips. "]
[1124,"東京都","宗教法人明治神宮（多言語解説協議会）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","絵馬","えま","ema","絵馬は片面には神社により異なる絵が入り、もう片面にはお礼や願い事を書くための空欄が設けられた木製の板片です。","Ema, or votive tablets, are wooden plaques with a picture specific to the shrine on one side, and a blank space for writing a message of gratitude or prayer on the other"]
[1125,"東京都","宗教法人明治神宮（多言語解説協議会）","芸能・興行・イベント","神楽","かぐら","kagura","祈願祭では神様への奉納として神楽という神聖な音楽の演奏と倭舞と呼ばれる明治神宮独特の踊りが繰り広げられます。","A kagura, or sacred music and dance performance called the yamato mai, which is unique to Meiji Jingu, is performed as an offering to the kami."]
[1126,"東京都","宗教法人明治神宮（多言語解説協議会）","芸能・興行・イベント","倭舞","やまとまい","yamato mai","祈願祭では神様への奉納として神楽という神聖な音楽の演奏と倭舞と呼ばれる明治神宮独特の踊りが繰り広げられます。","A kagura, or sacred music and dance performance called the yamato mai, which is unique to Meiji Jingu, is performed as an offering to the kami."]
[1127,"東京都","宗教法人明治神宮（多言語解説協議会）","植物","芝地","しばち","Shibachi","芝地はリラックスして自然を楽しめる静かな場所です。遠くに見える新宿の高層ビルが素晴らしいコントラストを生んでいます。","The expansive Shibachi lawn is a quiet place to relax and enjoy nature, against the backdrop of the impressive contrast of the skyscrapers of Shinjuku in the distance."]
[1128,"東京都","宗教法人明治神宮（多言語解説協議会）","年中行事","ひな祭り","ひなまつり","hina matsuri","毎年のひなまつりでは（3月3日の女児の祭り。行事の正確な日程は異なる場合があります）、流しびなという儀式のために北池が使用されます。"," For the annual hina matsuri, the doll festival or girls’ festival celebrated on March 3 (the exact date of festivities may differ), the pond is used for the nagashi bina ritual. "]
[1129,"東京都","宗教法人明治神宮（多言語解説協議会）","建造物等","道場","どうじょう","dojo","至誠館という道場があり、剣道、柔道、弓道（日本式のアーチェリー）等の武道の練習が可能です。","The Shiseikan is a dojo training facility for the martial arts (budo) such as kendo, judo, and kyudo (Japanese archery)."]
[1130,"東京都","宗教法人明治神宮（多言語解説協議会）","建造物等","校倉造り","あぜくらづくり","azekura zukuri","建物は校倉造りという建築スタイルで構造されています。","It is built in the ancient azekura zukuri style of storehouse architecture. "]
[1131,"東京都","宗教法人明治神宮（多言語解説協議会）","工芸・美術品","綿帽子","わたぼうし","wataboshi","花嫁は通常、赤ふきの白無垢と、「綿帽子」もしくは「角隠し」と呼ばれる頭隠し（帽子）を着用します。","The bride usually wears a white kimono with a red lining, and a head covering known as wataboshi or tsunokakushi (‘horn-hiding’). "]
[1132,"東京都","宗教法人明治神宮（多言語解説協議会）","工芸・美術品","角隠し","つのかくし","tsunokakushi","花嫁は通常、赤ふきの白無垢と、「綿帽子」もしくは「角隠し」と呼ばれる頭隠し（帽子）を着用します。","The bride usually wears a white kimono with a red lining, and a head covering known as wataboshi or tsunokakushi (‘horn-hiding’). "]
[1133,"東京都","宗教法人明治神宮（多言語解説協議会）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","朝御饌","あさみけ","asamike","朝御饌(朝の奉納)は午前8時から、（夕御饌: 夕の奉納）は午後2時から本殿で始まります。"," Asamike, or morning offering, is held at 8 a.m., and yumike, the afternoon offering, at 2 p.m. at the main shrine hall. "]
[1134,"東京都","宗教法人明治神宮（多言語解説協議会）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","夕御饌","ゆうみけ","yumike","朝御饌(朝の奉納)は午前8時から、（夕御饌: 夕の奉納）は午後2時から本殿で始まります。"," Asamike, or morning offering, is held at 8 a.m., and yumike, the afternoon offering, at 3 p.m. at the main shrine hall."]
[1135,"東京都","宗教法人明治神宮（多言語解説協議会）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神酒","みき","miki","酒は日本語では通常「日本酒」として知られていますが、神社で使われる米酒の名前は「神酒 （みき）」や「御神酒（おみき）」で、「神」と「酒」の文字を使って書かれます。","While sake is normally called nihonshu in Japanese, the sake used at shrines is referred to as miki or omiki, written with the Chinese characters for ‘kami’ and ‘alcohol’. "]
[1136,"東京都","宗教法人明治神宮（多言語解説協議会）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","御神酒","おみき","omiki","酒は日本語では通常「日本酒」として知られていますが、神社で使われる米酒の名前は「神酒 （みき）」や「御神酒（おみき）」で、「神」と「酒」の文字を使って書かれます。","While sake is normally called nihonshu in Japanese, the sake used at shrines is referred to as miki or omiki, written with the Chinese characters for ‘kami’ and ‘alcohol’. "]
[1137,"神奈川県","宗教法人　高徳院","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大仏","だいぶつ","Daibutsu","日本の伝統文化の象徴として世界的にも有名な大仏は、その大きさで見る者を圧倒し、その美しさで魅了していますが、その起源や歴史についての正確な情報がないために、謎めいた存在でもあります。","The Great Buddha (Daibutsu) of Kamakura is recognized around the world as an icon of Japan."]
[1138,"神奈川県","宗教法人　高徳院","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","増上寺","ぞうじょうじ","Zojoji","江戸時代の中期からは、正式に仏教の浄土宗の信仰の一部となり、東京・芝にある浄土宗の寺院・増上寺と関係があります。","The statue has been formally affiliated with the Pure Land (Jodo) school of Buddhism since the middle of the Edo period, with ties to Zojoji, the main Pure Land temple in the Kanto region, located in Shiba, Tokyo."]
[1139,"神奈川県","宗教法人　高徳院","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","阿弥陀","あみだ","Amida","阿弥陀は自らを信じ、瞑想し、その名を唱える者をすべて西方浄土へと連れていくという誓いを立てているとされます。","Believers should rely instead on Amida, who vowed to bring to his Pure Land in the West all those who have faith in him, who meditate on him, and who recite his name. "]
[1140,"神奈川県","宗教法人　高徳院","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","念仏","ねんぶつ","Nenbutsu","念仏のもともとの意味は「阿弥陀の瞑想」という意味でしたが、やがて「阿弥陀の救済の力を信じ、その神聖な名前を唱えること」という意味に変わってきました。","Nenbutsu originally signified “contemplation of Amida” but has gradually come to mean “recitation of the sacred name of the Buddha, with trust in his power to save.” "]
[1141,"神奈川県","宗教法人　高徳院","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","南無阿弥陀仏","なむあみだぶつ","Namu Amida Butsu","念仏は通常は「南無阿弥陀仏」と唱えます。","The nenbutsu is usually recited as “Namu Amida Butsu.”"]
[1142,"神奈川県","宗教法人　高徳院","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","仁王門","におうもん","Nio Gate","仁王門は高徳院への正門であり、「大遺山」という寺の別名を記した銘板が掲げられています。","The Nio Gate is the principal entrance to Kotokuin Temple."]
[1143,"神奈川県","宗教法人　高徳院","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","仁王","におう","Nio","仁王は寺の守護者であり、また仏教そのものの守護者でもある、半神の存在です。","The Nio are semi-divine entities who serve as guardians of both the temple and of the Buddhism faith."]
[1144,"神奈川県","宗教法人　高徳院","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","観月堂","かんげつどう","Kangetsudo","観月堂は、漢陽（現在の韓国ソウル）にあった李氏朝鮮の宮殿の一部であったと言われており、その建立は15世紀半ばにまでさかのぼると思われます。","Kangetsudo is said to have been part of the Yi dynasty palace in Hanyang (present-day Seoul), and was most likely constructed in the mid-fifteenth century."]
[1145,"神奈川県","宗教法人　高徳院","人物・人名・役職名","菩薩観音","ぼさつかんのん","Bodhisattva Kannon","現在、この建物の中には江戸時代後期の菩薩観音立像（サンスクリットで「アヴァローキテーシュヴァラ」、聖観音）が収められています。","The building now enshrines a late Edo period (1603–1868) image of a standing Bodhisattva Kannon."]
[1146,"神奈川県","宗教法人　高徳院","工芸・美術品","藁草履","わらぞうり","straw sandals","大仏の右側にある回り廊下の壁には、伝統的な技法でつくられた藁草履が一足かけられています。","A gigantic pair of traditional straw sandals hang on the wall of the corridor to the right of the Great Buddha."]
[1147,"神奈川県","宗教法人　高徳院","建造物等","礎石","そせき","fondation stone","大仏を収めていた巨大なお堂は、60個の礎石によって支えられていたようです。そのうち、56個が今でも像の周囲に残っています。","The great hall originally built for the Daibutsu is thought to have been supported by sixty large foundation stones, of which fifty-six remain in the area around the statue."]
[1148,"神奈川県","宗教法人　高徳院","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","蓮弁","れんべん","lotus petals","大仏像の背後に青銅製の大きな蓮弁4枚を見ることができます。","Behind the Daibutsu are four large bronze lotus petals."]
[1149,"神奈川県","宗教法人　高徳院","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","蓮台","れんだい","lotus-flower throne","江戸時代（1600-1867）のいつ頃かに蓮弁が大仏の座る蓮台を囲むように制作するという計画がなされました。","In the middle of the Edo period (1603–1868), a project was begun to install a “lotus-flower throne,” a set of lotus petals around the platform on which the Great Buddha sits in meditation."]
[1150,"神奈川県","宗教法人　高徳院","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","法句経","ほっくぎょう"," Dhammapada","石碑の正面には、日本語、パーリ語と英語で古代の経典「法句経」から引用された韻文「恨みは恨みではなく、愛によって静まる。」が彫られています。","Engraved on the front of the monument in Japanese, Pali, and English is the following verse from the Dhammapada, an early Buddhist text: “Hatred ceases not by hatred but by love.”"]
[1151,"神奈川県","宗教法人　高徳院","人物・人名・役職名","与謝野晶子","よさのあきこ","Yosano Akiko","女性詩人与謝野晶子によるこの著名な詩は彼女直筆を真似て石碑に掘られています。","This famous poem by Yosano Akiko (1878–1942) is carved on the stone monument in her own calligraphy. "]
[1152,"神奈川県","宗教法人　高徳院","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","極楽浄土","ごくらくじょうど","Pure Land","法然は極楽浄土の教主である阿弥陀如来に信仰をおきました。","Honen placed his faith in Amida Buddha, the Lord of the Pure Land."]
[1153,"神奈川県","宗教法人　高徳院","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","白毫","びゃくごう","byakugo","白毫は、左から右に巻かれており、世界を精神的に照らす光を放っています。","The presence of a white tuft of hair (byakugo) between the eyebrows, curling from left to right."]
[1154,"神奈川県","宗教法人　高徳院","人物・人名・役職名","小泉八雲","こいずみやくも"," Koizumi Yakumo","ギリシャとアイルランド人作家のラフカディオ・ハーンは日本に移住し、小泉八雲という名で親しまれています。彼は昔話や日本文化の他の様々な観点を西洋に紹介しました。","The writer Lafcadio Hearn (1850–1904), who was a naturalized Japanese citizen and adopted the name Koizumi Yakumo, introduced folk tales and many other aspects of Japanese culture to the West. "]
[1155,"神奈川県","宗教法人　高徳院","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","印相","いんそう","mudra","9種類の手の組み方（印相）は、阿弥陀の憐れみにより救われる信者の段階に従って阿弥陀如来像が作って示しています。","Amida Buddha’s hands are typically shown in one of nine standard positions (mudra). "]
[1156,"神奈川県","宗教法人　高徳院","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","上品上生印","じょうぼんじょうしょういん","jobonjosho-in","これは最も価値のある高貴な生まれであることを示す印相という意味である上品上生印と呼ばれています。","This position is called the “mudra denoting the highest rebirth of the highest quality” (jobonjosho-in). "]
[1157,"神奈川県","宗教法人　高徳院","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","高徳院","こうとくいん","Kotokuin","高徳院とその大仏はフィクション、詩、日記そして随筆に描かれています。","Kotokuin and its Great Buddha (Daibutsu) are featured in fiction, poetry, diaries, and essays. "]
[1158,"神奈川県","宗教法人　高徳院","書物","日本渡航記","にほんとこうき","The Voyage of Captain John Saris to Japan","高徳院は、1613年のキャプテン・ジョン・セーリスの日本渡航記で言及されています。","Kotokuin is mentioned in The Voyage of Captain John Saris to Japan, 1613."]
[1159,"神奈川県","宗教法人　高徳院","人物・人名・役職名","リチャード・コックス","りちゃーど・こっくす","Richard Cocks","リチャード・コックスは、江戸時代の初めに、九州の平戸にあるイギリス商館の館長でした。","Richard Cocks (1566–1624) was head of the British East India Company’s trading post in Hirado, in northern Kyushu, from 1613 to 1623, when it closed. "]
[1160,"神奈川県","宗教法人　高徳院","工芸・美術品","プロムナード・ジャポネーズ","ぷろむなーど・じゃぽねーず","Promenades japonaises","高徳院を訪れた後、ギメは周囲の樹木の中から「青銅の丘」ともいえるような大仏の頭部についてプロムナード・ジャポネーズで説明しました。","After visiting Kotokuin, Guimet wrote a travel account (Promenades japonaises) in which he described the head of the Great Buddha as rising “like a copper hillock” from among the surrounding trees."]
[1161,"神奈川県","宗教法人　高徳院","人物・人名・役職名","エメ・アンベール","えめ・あんべーる","Aime Humbert","1863年、江戸時代（1600〜1867）が終わりに近づいたとき、エメ・アンベールはスイスの全権大使として来日し、翌年に彼の国と日本との貿易条約に調印しました。","In 1863, as the Edo period was drawing to a close, Aime Humbert (1819–1900) traveled to Japan as the head of the first Swiss trade mission to Japan."]
[1162,"神奈川県","宗教法人　高徳院","社会","鎖国","さこく","isolation from the outside world","大仏と西洋との交流は１７世紀初頭から１９世紀中旬まで時の幕府によって施行された鎖国制度によって、中断されました。","From the early seventeenth century through to the middle of the nineteenth century, the military government of Japan pursued a policy of isolation from the outside world. "]
[1163,"神奈川県","宗教法人　高徳院","社会","開国","かいこく","reopening of the country","しかし、ふたたびの開国によって、また交流は復活しました。","With the reopening of the country, however, Western visitors began to return to Kamakura."]
[1164,"神奈川県","箱根DMO（一般財団法人箱根町観光協会）","植物","逆杉","さかさすぎ","sakasasugi","しかし万巻はこれで満足せず、この敵を逆杉（地滑りで根こそぎ水中に真っ直ぐ流され、湖の底にはまり込んだ杉の木）の1本に縛り付けました。","But Mangan remained unsatisfied, and tied his adversary to one of the sakasasugi—the cryptomeria trees that a landslide had swept into the water upright, roots and all, and were stuck to the bottom of the lake."]
[1165,"神奈川県","箱根DMO（一般財団法人箱根町観光協会）","年中行事","節分","せつぶん","Setsubun","「しだれ柳」の花火が目玉の15分のショーは、新しい1年を迎えるために12月31日の深夜に開催され、一方、これによく似た2月2日の夜の20分間のショーは、節分（日本における伝統的な春の始まり）を前にしたお祭りの目玉です。","A 15-minute show featuring “weeping willow” fireworks is held at midnight on December 31 to ring in the New Year, while a similar 20-minute spectacle in the evening of February 2 is the highlight of festivities preceding Setsubun (the traditional beginning of spring in Japan)."]
[1166,"神奈川県","箱根DMO（一般財団法人箱根町観光協会）","史跡","関所","せきしょ","checkpoint","1603年に江戸時代が幕を開ける頃になると、神社の権力は著しく大きくなり、新しい徳川幕府が神社の境内のかなり近くを通る東海道沿いに関所を設けようとした時には、僧侶たちは実質的にこの計画に抵抗することができました。","By the time the Edo period began in 1603, the shrine’s power had grown considerably, and when the new Tokugawa shogunate sought to establish a checkpoint along the Tokaido highway passing quite close to the shrine precincts, the priests were able to effectively resist the plan.","※「関所」の対訳"]
[1167,"神奈川県","箱根DMO（一般財団法人箱根町観光協会）","郷土景観","東海道","とうかいどう","Tokaido highway","公式な政策変更により、江戸（現在の東京）と京都の間を東海道に沿って旅する人々が1晩だけ道から外れることが可能となりました。","A change in official policy allowed people traveling along the Tokaido highway between Edo (present-day Tokyo) and Kyoto to part from the road for one night only."]
[1168,"神奈川県","箱根DMO（一般財団法人箱根町観光協会）","食","甘酒","あまざけ","amazake","お茶や甘酒（甘い発酵したお米の飲み物）、軽食を販売する以外にも、お茶屋は飛脚の起点や馬小屋にもなり、旅行者にサービスを提供していました。","In addition to selling tea, amazake (a sweet, fermented rice drink), and light meals, the teahouses served as bases for porters and horse stables offering their services to travelers."]
[1169,"神奈川県","箱根DMO（一般財団法人箱根町観光協会）","植物","芒","すすき","susuki grass","仙石原の広大な平原は、背の高いすすきの草（薄、Miscanthus sinensis）で覆われています。","The vast fields of Sengokuhara are covered with tall susuki grass (silvergrass; Miscanthus sinensis)."]
[1170,"神奈川県","箱根DMO（一般財団法人箱根町観光協会）","植物","杉","すぎ","sugi","箱根の旧東海道沿いを歩くと、道の両側に生えている多くの素晴らしい杉の木に気付くことになるでしょう。","Walking along the old Tokaido highway in Hakone, you are bound to notice many majestic cryptomeria (sugi) trees growing on both sides of the road."]
[1171,"神奈川県","箱根DMO（一般財団法人箱根町観光協会）","工芸・美術品","寄木","よせぎ","yosegi","江戸（現在の東京）と京都を結んだ旧東海道沿いに位置する畑宿の集落は、寄木細工発祥の地です。","The village of Hatajuku, located along the old Tokaido highway that connected Edo (present-day Tokyo) and Kyoto, is the birthplace of yosegi marquetry."]
[1172,"神奈川県","箱根DMO（一般財団法人箱根町観光協会）","工芸・美術品","秘密箱","ひみつばこ","himitsu-bako","正しい順番で側面を押し引きしなければ開けられない秘密箱（パズルボックス）は、寄木細工の人気アイテムです。","Himitsu-bako (puzzle boxes), which can only be opened by pushing and pulling their sides in the correct order, are a popular item of yosegi craft."]
[1173,"神奈川県","箱根DMO（一般財団法人箱根町観光協会）","史跡","一里塚","いちりずか","ichirizuka","工房の他には、村は一里塚、つまり、1里の距離を示す標識で有名です。これらは、江戸時代初期の数年間の間に整備された街道システムや宿場町の一部として徳川幕府が設置したマイルストーンのような一連の土手のことです。","Besides the workshops, the village is notable for its ichirizuka or one-ri distance markers. These are pairs of milestone-like mounds built by the Tokugawa shogunate as part of the system of highways and post towns established in the early years of the Edo period."]
[1174,"神奈川県","箱根DMO（一般財団法人箱根町観光協会）","芸能・興行・イベント","見番","けんばん","Kenban","地元の芸者組合は箱根湯本見番によって支えられており、ここは芸者の稽古場でもあり、組合の本部でもあります。","The local geisha association is supported by the Hakone-Yumoto Kenban, which is both a training center for the geisha and the headquarters of the association."]
[1175,"神奈川県","箱根DMO（一般財団法人箱根町観光協会）","芸能・興行・イベント","置屋","おきや","okiya","芸者はいわゆる下宿、あるいは置屋によって直接雇用され、配属され、見番が価格を決め、置屋と、芸者が出演を依頼される旅館またはホテルの間の全ての支払いを処理します。","While geisha are directly employed and assigned by so-called lodging houses or okiya, the Kenban decides on prices and handles all payments between the okiya and the ryokan inns or hotels to which the geisha are called to perform."]
[1176,"神奈川県","箱根DMO（一般財団法人箱根町観光協会）","年中行事","例祭","れいさい","reisai","宮城野諏訪神社例大祭（年に1度の祭り）は、4月15日に行われ、神職らが地元の神々を称える儀式を行います。","The Miyagino Suwa Shrine reisai (annual festival) takes place on April 15, when shrine priests conduct ceremonies to honor the local deities."]
[1177,"神奈川県","箱根DMO（一般財団法人箱根町観光協会）","芸能・興行・イベント","ゆだて獅子舞","ゆだて　ししまい","yudate shishimai","7月15日には、神社は伝統的な獅子舞パフォーマンスである湯立獅子舞を開催します。","On July 15, the shrine plays host to a performance of yudate shishimai, a traditional type of lion dancing."]
[1178,"神奈川県","箱根DMO（一般財団法人箱根町観光協会）","人物・人名・役職名","金太郎","きんたろう","Kintaro","金太郎伝説は、日本の民間伝承の定番の1つです。箱根の山の魔女に育てられた金太郎は、人間離れした強さを持ち、若くして化け物や悪魔と闘った男の子です。","The legend of Kintaro is one of the staples of Japanese folklore. Raised by a witch on a mountain in Hakone, Kintaro is a boy with superhuman strength who fought monsters and demons from an early age."]
[1179,"神奈川県","箱根DMO（一般財団法人箱根町観光協会）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","九頭龍","くずりゅう","Kuzuryu","龍は九頭の神、九頭龍に変身し、今では芦ノ湖とその周辺地域を守る守護神として崇められています。","The dragon turned into Kuzuryu, a nine-headed deity now revered as the protector of Lake Ashi and the surrounding area."]
[1180,"神奈川県","箱根DMO（一般財団法人箱根町観光協会）","年中行事","神輿","みこし","mikoshi","伝統的な衣装をまとった参加者は神輿（移動式の神社）を乗せた台車を引き、芦ノ湖の湖岸路を歩きます。","Participants in traditional clothing walk along roads on the shores of Lake Ashi, pushing carts that carry mikoshi (portable shrines)."]
[1181,"神奈川県","箱根DMO（一般財団法人箱根町観光協会）","芸能・興行・イベント","盆踊り","ぼんおどり","Bon odori","毎年8月11日に開催されるこの祭りでは、日本の夏の風物詩であるエネルギッシュなダンス、盆踊りがメインとなります。","Held on August 11 every year, this festival centers on Bon odori, an energetic dance that is a symbol of summer in Japan."]
[1182,"神奈川県","箱根DMO（一般財団法人箱根町観光協会）","年中行事","虫送り","むしおくり","mushiokuri","虫送りとは、収穫期の前に作物への被害を防ぐために害虫を駆逐する夏の風習で、日本中の農業地域で行われています。","Mushiokuri is a summer custom, practiced in agricultural communities throughout Japan, of driving away harmful insects to prevent damage to crops before the harvest season."]
[1183,"神奈川県","箱根DMO（一般財団法人箱根町観光協会）","年中行事","お盆","おぼん","Obon","これは仏教において、ご先祖様の霊のこの世への一時的な帰還をお迎えしてまつるお盆の時期の最終日となる、8月16日に開催されます。","It takes place on August 16, the final day of the Buddhist Obon period, during which people honor the spirits of their ancestors by temporarily welcoming them back into the realm of the living."]
[1184,"神奈川県","箱根DMO（一般財団法人箱根町観光協会）","植物","篠竹","しのだけ","shinodake bamboo","強羅にある明神岳の頂上付近に据えられた火は、200〜300本の松明によって灯されます。松明はそれぞれ約100本の篠竹を束にして括ったもので、山腹に仕組まれます。","The fires, placed near the summit of Mt. Myojin in Gora, are fueled by 200 to 300 torches, each one a bundle of about a hundred stalks of shinodake bamboo, which are tied together and set up on the mountainside."]
[1185,"神奈川県","箱根DMO（一般財団法人箱根町観光協会）","社会","大名行列","だいみょうぎょうれつ","daimyo gyoretsu","各地の領主はその名声と富をひけらかそうと、家臣に豪華な衣装を着させ、他にも豊かさを象徴する物を持たせたため、大名行列はしばしば豪華に飾り立てられたものになりました。","Daimyo processions (daimyo gyoretsu) were often impressively fitted out, as the ruler of each domain sought to show off his prestige and wealth by dressing his retainers in luxurious clothing and having them carry other symbols of abundance."]
[1186,"神奈川県","箱根DMO（一般財団法人箱根町観光協会）","年中行事","豆撒き","まめまき","mamemaki","この日はまた清めの日でもあり、清めは豆まきの儀式を通じて行われます。直訳で「豆を投げる」という意味のこの行事は、邪を祓う目的で行われます。","It is also a day of cleansing, which is accomplished through the ritual of mamemaki. Literally “bean-throwing,” this is a custom by which people seek to ward off evil."]
[1187,"神奈川県","箱根DMO（一般財団法人箱根町観光協会）","植物","若杉","わかすぎ","wakasagi","芦ノ湖はニジマス、ブラックバス、ブラウントラウトを含むいくつかの食用種の魚の棲み処ですが、ワカサギで最もよく知られています。","Lake Ashi is home to several species of edible fish, including rainbow trout, black bass, and brown trout, but it is best known for its wakasagi (Japanese pond smelt)."]
[1188,"神奈川県","箱根DMO（一般財団法人箱根町観光協会）","郷土景観","湯坂道","ゆさかみち","Yusakamichi","江戸時代（1603～1867）以前、東海道が箱根を通る主なルートだった頃、旅人はこの山の多い地域を超えるために古い湯坂道を使いました。","Before the Edo period (1603–1867), when the Tokaido highway was the main route through Hakone, travelers would use the ancient Yusakamichi road to cross this mountainous region."]
[1189,"神奈川県","箱根DMO（一般財団法人箱根町観光協会）","その他","恩賜","おんし","onshi","恩賜という日本語の言葉はこの場合は「天皇からの贈り物」を意味し、芦ノ湖を見下ろすこの公園の由来へのヒントを与えています。","The Japanese word onshi in this case means “gift from the emperor” and provides a hint as to the origins of this park overlooking Lake Ashi."]
[1190,"神奈川県","箱根DMO（一般財団法人箱根町観光協会）","庭園・公園","枯山水","かれさんすい","Zen-style rock garden","これは、北条早雲の末子、幻庵（1493年–1589年）が境内に禅式の枯山水庭園を築いたと言われる時期とも重なります。","This was also when Hojo Soun’s youngest son, Gen’an (1493–1589), is said to have constructed the Zen-style rock garden on the premises.","※「枯山水」の対訳"]
[1191,"神奈川県","箱根DMO（一般財団法人箱根町観光協会）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","浄土","じょうど","Jodo","彼は翌年その場所に仏教の浄土宗の寺を建立し、阿弥陀仏の名を冠しました。","He established a temple of the Jodo or Pure Land school of Buddhism in the same place the following year, naming it after the Amida Buddha."]
[1192,"神奈川県","箱根DMO（一般財団法人箱根町観光協会）","植物","山桜","やまざくら","yamazakura","畑宿には、互いに相手に枝を伸ばし合っているかのような2本の山桜（野生の桜）の木があります。","In Hatajuku, two yamazakura (wild cherry) trees growing side by side appear to be reaching for each other’s branches."]
[1193,"神奈川県","箱根DMO（一般財団法人箱根町観光協会）","植物","姫沙羅","ひめしゃら","himeshara","箱根神社の裏の急な斜面には、100本以上の姫沙羅の木が天に向かって伸びているのが見られます。","More than 100 himeshara (Tall stewartia, Stewartia monadelpha) trees can be seen reaching for the sky on the steep hillside behind Hakone Shrine."]
[1194,"神奈川県","箱根DMO（一般財団法人箱根町観光協会）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","手水","てみず","temizu","白山神社の神水は神社にお参りする前にお清めをする手水の鉢に直接流れ込んでいます。","Hakusan Shrine, where spring water flows directly into the basin used for temizu, the purification rite performed before praying at a shrine."]
[1195,"神奈川県","箱根DMO（一般財団法人箱根町観光協会）","食","和菓子","わがし","wagashi","この店は和菓子（日本の伝統的スイーツ）の専門店ですが、水源から取った水も瓶詰めして売っています。","While it specializes in wagashi (traditional sweets), this store also sells bottled water from its own well head."]
[1196,"神奈川県","箱根DMO（一般財団法人箱根町観光協会）","植物","ナデシコ","なでしこ","nadeshiko dianthus","アヤメやナデシコ、ミズチドリなどの在来植物が戻ってきたことでも証明されているように、園の生物多様性は堅実に育まれています。","Its biodiversity is improving steadily, as evidenced by the return of native plants such as the Japanese water iris, the nadeshiko dianthus, and the Platanthera hologlottis orchid grass."]
[1197,"神奈川県","箱根DMO（一般財団法人箱根町観光協会）","人物・人名・役職名","弁財天","べんざいてん","Benzaiten","深沢銭洗（「お金を洗う」）弁財天は、知識、美、芸術の女神である弁財天を祀っており、1926年に設立されました。","Enshrining Benzaiten, the goddess of knowledge, beauty, and the arts, Fukazawa Zeni-arai (“money-washing”) Benten was established in 1926."]
[1198,"神奈川県","箱根DMO（一般財団法人箱根町観光協会）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","七福神","しちふくじん","Seven Lucky Gods","運があまりないと感じていますか？日本の神話によれば、いわゆる七福神を祀った一連の神社仏閣巡りが不運を抜け出す一つの有効な対処法です。","Feeling a little out of luck? If you go by Japanese mythology, one potent cure for misfortune is a pilgrimage to a set of shrines and temples dedicated to the so-called Seven Lucky Gods.","※「七福神」の対訳"]
[1199,"新潟県","佐渡市","社会","小判","こばん","koban","江戸時代に日本を統治した徳川幕府は、鉱山の支配権を握り、主に当時日本全土で貨幣として使われた楕円形の小判など、産出された金を使って貨幣を鋳造しました。","The Tokugawa shogunate, which ruled the country during the Edo period, seized control of the mines and used the gold to make coins, mainly the oval koban that were used as currency throughout the realm."]
[1200,"新潟県","佐渡市","その他","大流し","おおながし","onagashi","これら伝統的な慣行のひとつは「大流し」と呼ばれる砂金の採取です。「大流し」では水を使って、菌が含まれる砂やより軽い石を洗い流し、そうすることで金の粒子を選り分けます。","One of these traditional practices is the placer style of mining called onagashi, in which water is used to wash away sand and lighter debris from the heavier particles of gold."]
[1201,"新潟県","佐渡市","乗物","北前船","きたまえぶね","kitamaebune","宿根木は、本州の北部と瀬戸内海の商業都市大阪を結び、日本海の海岸に沿って進む北前船の航路にある寄港地でした。","Shukunegi was a node on the kitamaebune shipping route along the coast of the Sea of Japan, connecting the northern part of Honshu, Japan’s main island, with the mercantile city of Osaka on the Inland Sea."]
[1202,"新潟県","佐渡市","芸能・興行・イベント","鬼太鼓","おにだいこ","onidaiko","鬼太鼓、あるいは地元の方言で「おんでこ」は、鬼（神の力を持つと考えられている）が踊りながら太鼓をたたき、近隣や集落の厄を払う伝統芸能です。","Onidaiko, or ondeko as it is known in the local dialect, is a traditional performance art in which an oni (an ogre-like being regarded as having divine qualities) dances and pounds on a drum to exorcise evil spirits in a neighborhood or village. "]
[1203,"新潟県","佐渡市","芸能・興行・イベント","一足","いっそく","issoku","踊りには、一足、豆まき、前浜、花笠、潟上という5種類の主流スタイルがあります。一足系では鬼は片足で踊ります。","There are five main styles of the dance: issoku, mamemaki, maehama, hanagasa, and katagami. 　In the issoku style, the oni dances on one foot."]
[1204,"新潟県","佐渡市","芸能・興行・イベント","豆まき","まめまき","mamemaki","豆まき系では、武士に相応しい着物を纏った2人目が加わります。","The mamemaki style involves a second figure wearing robes appropriate for a samurai. "]
[1205,"新潟県","佐渡市","芸能・興行・イベント","前浜","まえはま","maehama","前浜系では笛の演奏、さらに1人ではなく2人の鬼が特色となっており","The maehama style features flute music and two oni instead of one"]
[1206,"新潟県","佐渡市","芸能・興行・イベント","花笠","はながさ","hanagasa","花笠系は鬼の踊りと、踊り手が花を飾った円すい形の帽子をかぶって踊る花笠踊りが融合しています。","the hanagasa style combines the dance of the oni with the hanagasa odori, a dance in which performers wear conical hats adorned with flowers."]
[1207,"新潟県","佐渡市","芸能・興行・イベント","潟上","かたがみ","katagami","潟上系はもっとも一般的な様式で、能と獅子舞（日本のライオンの踊り）の技法が取り入れられています。","Katagami, the most common style, incorporates techniques from Noh and shishimai (Japanese lion dancing)."]
[1208,"新潟県","佐渡市","動物","トキ","とき","toki","佐渡島には360種以上の鳥を見つけることができ、その中で最も有名なのがトキです。","More than 360 types of birds can be seen on Sado Island, and the crested ibis (toki) is the most famous of them all."]
[1209,"新潟県","佐渡市","食","おけさ柿","おけさがき","okesagaki","佐渡はおけさ柿で知られており、これは干して食べられることもある、島では秋を代表する果物です。","Sado is known for Okesagaki persimmons, a hallmark of autumn on the island, which are often eaten dried."]
[1210,"新潟県","佐渡市","食","寒ブリ","かんぶり","kanburi","島の北部の特産品のひとつには、両津港を拠点とする漁師たちが釣り上げる「冬のブリ」、寒ブリがあります。","One specialty of the northern part of the island is kanburi, or “winter yellowtail,” which is caught by fishermen based at Ryotsu Port."]
[1211,"新潟県","佐渡市","食","サザエ","さざえ","sazae","夏にはアワビやサザエなどの貝類が旬になります。","Summer is the season for shellfish such as abalone and sazae (horned turban)."]
[1212,"新潟県","佐渡市","食","いごねり","いごねり","igoneri","佐渡特有の料理にいごねりがあります。この海藻を固めた料理は、海藻のいご草を煮てとろっとしたゼリーのような食感にすることで作られます。","A dish that is unique to Sado is igoneri; a seaweed cake made by boiling igogusa seaweed to thicken its jelly-like texture. "]
[1213,"新潟県","佐渡市","食","島黒豚","しまくろぶた","shima kurobuta","島黒豚と呼ばれる黒い毛の佐渡豚も人気です。","Black-haired Sado pork, called shima kurobuta, is also popular."]
[1214,"新潟県","佐渡市","食","辛口","からくち","karakuchi","佐渡島は、新潟県全般と同じく、米とそれを使って醸造される辛口の日本酒で有名です。","Sado Island, like Niigata Prefecture in general, is famous for its rice and for the dry sake (karakuchi) that is brewed from it."]
[1215,"新潟県","佐渡市","食","大吟醸","だいぎんじょう","daiginjo","北雪酒造は、世界中のラグジュアリーレストランでも振舞われるYK35大吟醸（最高級の日本酒）を手掛けた酒蔵です。","Hokusetsu Shuzo produces YK35, a daiginjo (the highest-grade sake) which is served in luxury restaurants around the world."]
[1216,"新潟県","佐渡市","食","純米","じゅんまい","junmai","加藤酒造店は、純米酒（アルコールや砂糖を添加しない純粋な日本酒）の金鶴で有名です。","Kato Shuzoten is famed for Kintsuru, a junmai (pure sake made without added alcohol or sugar)."]
[1217,"新潟県","佐渡市","乗物","たらい舟","たらいぶね","taraibune","たらい舟（タブボート）は小さな円形の船で、日本の伝統的な風呂桶に似ていることからその名前が付けられました。","Taraibune “tub boats” are small, circular vessels that resemble, and are named for, traditional Japanese bathtubs. "]
[1218,"新潟県","佐渡市","乗物","はんぎり","はんぎり","hangiri boats","たらい舟は寿司用の酢飯を作るのに使われる木製の容器「飯切り」に似ていることから、「はんぎり」船とも呼ばれます。","The taraibune are also called hangiri boats because of their resemblance to the wooden containers (hangiri) used to make vinegared sushi rice."]
[1219,"新潟県","（上信越高原国立公園）十日町市食と農の景勝地推進委員会","工芸・美術品","越後縮","えちごちぢみ","Echigo chijimi","十日町は、カラムシと呼ばれるイラクサの一種から紡がれた糸で織られた織物・越後縮（えちごちぢみ）生産発祥の地として知られている。","Tōkamachi is known as the birthplace of Echigo chijimi, a cloth woven from thread that is spun from a type of ramie called karamushi."]
[1220,"新潟県","（上信越高原国立公園）十日町市食と農の景勝地推進委員会","植物","イラクサ","いらくさ","ramie","十日町は、カラムシと呼ばれるイラクサの一種から紡がれた糸で織られた織物・越後縮（えちごちぢみ）生産発祥の地として知られている。","Tōkamachi is known as the birthplace of Echigo chijimi, a cloth woven from thread that is spun from a type of ramie called karamushi."]
[1221,"新潟県","（上信越高原国立公園）十日町市食と農の景勝地推進委員会","植物","カラムシ","からむし","karamushi","十日町は、カラムシと呼ばれるイラクサの一種から紡がれた糸で織られた織物・越後縮（えちごちぢみ）生産発祥の地として知られている。","Tōkamachi is known as the birthplace of Echigo chijimi, a cloth woven from thread that is spun from a type of ramie called karamushi."]
[1222,"新潟県","（上信越高原国立公園）十日町市食と農の景勝地推進委員会","動物","齧歯類","げっしるい","rodents","スギの葉には、弱酸のフェノール類と、ねずみや他の齧歯類にとって不快な天然油が含まれている。","Cedar leaves contain phenol, a mild acid, as well natural oils that mice and other rodents find unpleasant."]
[1223,"新潟県","（上信越高原国立公園）十日町市食と農の景勝地推進委員会","植物","山菜","さんさい","sansai","春になると住民は山菜（山に自生する野菜）採りに出かけた。この時期の山菜は暖かい気候で採れるものよりも甘い。","Come spring, residents foraged for sansai, or wild mountain vegetables, which are sweeter than those found in warmer climates."]
[1224,"新潟県","（上信越高原国立公園）十日町市食と農の景勝地推進委員会","集落・街","チンコロ市","ちんころいち","“chinkoro market”","この節季市は、米粉（新粉）を蒸して練り上げた子犬の置物（日本原産の犬であるチンから取って、チンコロと呼ばれる）にちなんで「チンコロ市」とも呼ばれている。","The winter market is also called the “chinkoro market” after the small, handmade figurines of puppies (or chinkoro, after the Japanese Chin dog) made of steamed rice-paste that were first sold at the market around the turn of the twentieth century."]
[1225,"新潟県","（上信越高原国立公園）十日町市食と農の景勝地推進委員会","植物","ケヤキ","けやき","Japanese zelkova","1月になると、大白倉集落の住民たちはワラとケヤキを使用して、高さ10メートル、直径8メートルのバイトウと呼ばれる巨大な小屋を建てる。","In January, villagers in Ōshirakura use straw and Japanese zelkova to build a baitō, a huge hut that is 10 meters tall and 8 meters in diameter. "]
[1226,"新潟県","（上信越高原国立公園）十日町市食と農の景勝地推進委員会","史跡","土器","どき","clay vessels, or pottery","土器を使うことで、先縄文時代の人々は料理が可能になり、さまざまな食べ物を食べられるようになった。また、弓矢を使うことでウサギなどの獲物をより効率よく捕まえられるようになった","The use of clay vessels allowed pre-Jōmon people to cook a wider variety of foods, and the bow allowed them to hunt game like rabbits with greater efficiency."]
[1227,"新潟県","（上信越高原国立公園）十日町市食と農の景勝地推進委員会","史跡","火焔型土器","かえんがたどき","“flame-style” vessels","博物館に収蔵されている火焔型土器（かえんがたどき）が作り出されたと考えられているのも縄文時代中期である。","It was during the middle period of Jōmon that the “flame-style” vessels (kaengata doki) in the museum’s collection are believed to have been developed. "]
[1228,"新潟県","（上信越高原国立公園）十日町市食と農の景勝地推進委員会","その他","御召","おめし","omeshi","十日町は、将軍家の夏服用に作られた御召と呼ばれる撚りの強い糸織物で有名だった。","Tōkamachi was particularly famous for omeshi, a version of the textile woven from tightly spun thread that was made into summer clothes for members of the shogunal government."]
[1229,"新潟県","（上信越高原国立公園）十日町市食と農の景勝地推進委員会","工芸・美術品","友禅","ゆうぜん","surface of the fabric","1950年代には、布地の表面に直接絵を描くように色を付ける友禅染めの技法が織物生産に組み込まれ、その産業は現在も栄えている。","In the 1950s, the technique of painting dyes directly onto the surface of the fabric (yūzen) was incorporated into the production of textiles, an industry that still thrives today. "]
[1230,"新潟県","（上信越高原国立公園）十日町市食と農の景勝地推進委員会","年中行事","成人式","せいじんしき","coming-of-age ceremony ","成人式は1月に開催されるのが伝統だが、十日町では厳しい冬を避けるため春に開催される。 ","The festival coincides with the coming-of-age ceremony (seijinshiki) that is traditionally held in January."]
[1231,"新潟県","（上信越高原国立公園）十日町市食と農の景勝地推進委員会","その他","「光の種」","ひかりのたね","“seeds of light” ","「光の種」と呼ばれる色付きのLEDが多数設置された雪原の上に花火が打ち上げられ、観客は、キラキラと輝く雪原が地域最大の花火で照らされる様子を楽しみながら、屋台で地元のグルメも味わうことができる。","A firework display is held over a snowfield scattered with colored LEDs called the “seeds of light.” Spectators can savor local delicacies served at food stalls while enjoying the crystalline snowscape illuminated by the largest fireworks display in the region. "]
[1232,"新潟県","（上信越高原国立公園）十日町市食と農の景勝地推進委員会","その他","「冬将軍」","ふゆしょうぐん","“Shogun of Winter” ","祭りのクライマックスは「雪中鉄人レース」で、500人の参加者が松代（まつだい）城跡を目指し、「冬将軍」の手から松代城を奪い返すために競い合う。 ","The festival’s climax is the “Snow Iron Man Race,” in which 500 participants race to reach the Matsudai Castle ruins and reclaim them from the “Shogun of Winter.” "]
[1233,"新潟県","（上信越高原国立公園）十日町市食と農の景勝地推進委員会","自然現象","柱状節理","ちゅうじょうせつり","“columnar jointing” ","「柱状節理」と呼ばれる峡谷の岩層は、マグマが峡谷の両側を構成する火成岩（ひん岩）に冷却されたときに造られた。","The rock formations, called “columnar jointing,” were created when magma cooled into the igneous rock (porphyrite) that makes up both sides of the gorge."]
[1234,"新潟県","（上信越高原国立公園）十日町市食と農の景勝地推進委員会","岩石・洞窟","火成岩","かせいがん","igneous rock","「柱状節理」と呼ばれる峡谷の岩層は、マグマが峡谷の両側を構成する火成岩（ひん岩）に冷却されたときに造られた。","The rock formations, called “columnar jointing,” were created when magma cooled into the igneous rock (porphyrite) that makes up both sides of the gorge."]
[1235,"新潟県","（上信越高原国立公園）十日町市食と農の景勝地推進委員会","岩石・洞窟","ひん岩","ひんがん","porphyrite","「柱状節理」と呼ばれる峡谷の岩層は、マグマが峡谷の両側を構成する火成岩（ひん岩）に冷却されたときに造られた。","The rock formations, called “columnar jointing,” were created when magma cooled into the igneous rock (porphyrite) that makes up both sides of the gorge."]
[1236,"新潟県","（上信越高原国立公園）十日町市食と農の景勝地推進委員会","郷土景観","田毎の月のモチーフ","たごとのつきのモチーフ","tagoto no tsuki motif ","有名な田毎の月（たごとのつき）のモチーフは、水が張られただけの水田一枚一枚に映る月を表現しており、多くの現代写真家がこの光景を写真にとらえようと苦心している。","The famous tagoto no tsuki motif shows the moon reflected in each of the flooded paddies of an empty rice field, a scene that many modern photographers labor to capture."]
[1237,"新潟県","（上信越高原国立公園）十日町市食と農の景勝地推進委員会","植物","ブナ","ぶな","beech (Fagus crenata) ","ブナは高山植物の一種と考えられており、通常は1,000メートル以上の高度で成長する。","The beech (Fagus crenata) is considered an alpine species, and it usually grow at altitudes of at least 1,000 meters."]
[1238,"新潟県","（上信越高原国立公園）十日町市食と農の景勝地推進委員会","植物","高山植物","こうざんしょくぶつ","alpine species","ブナは高山植物の一種と考えられており、通常は1,000メートル以上の高度で成長する。","The beech (Fagus crenata) is considered an alpine species, and it usually grow at altitudes of at least 1,000 meters."]
[1239,"新潟県","（上信越高原国立公園）十日町市食と農の景勝地推進委員会","植物","カラムシの繊維","からむしのせんい","ramie plant fibers","このコレクションでは、カラムシの繊維から作られた越後縮（えちごちぢみ）の製造に使用される技術と道具も紹介されている。","The collection also showcases the techniques and implements used in the production of Echigo chijimi crêpe, which is made from ramie plant fibers. "]
[1240,"新潟県","（上信越高原国立公園）十日町市食と農の景勝地推進委員会","植物","布海苔","ふのり","funori","糸は滑らかではなかったため、江戸時代（1603〜1867）には布海苔（ふのり）が使われ始めた。布海苔とは糊付けに使用される海藻で、糸を滑らかにして補強する接着剤となる。","Since the thread could be rough, during the Edo period (1603–1867) women started using funori, a marine alga also known as glueweed, as an adhesive to smooth and strengthen it."]
[1241,"新潟県","（上信越高原国立公園）十日町市食と農の景勝地推進委員会","温泉","ホウ酸","ほうさん","boric acid","温泉水には、他のどの温泉よりも多い1リットルあたり349.5 mgのホウ酸が含まれており、皮膚病の治療に効果的な抗真菌性と抗細菌性を持っている。","The waters contain 349.5 parts per million of boric acid—more than any other Japanese hot spring—which has antifungal and antibacterial properties that are effective for treating skin ailments. "]
[1242,"新潟県","（上信越高原国立公園）十日町市食と農の景勝地推進委員会","温泉","メタケイ酸","めたけいさん","metasilicic acid","温泉は弱アルカリ性で刺激が少なく、メタケイ酸の天然の保湿特性により、しっとり輝く肌を作ると言われている。","The gentle low alkalinity of the water and the natural moisturizing properties of the water’s metasilicic acid are said to produce moist, glowing skin."]
[1243,"新潟県","（上信越高原国立公園）十日町市食と農の景勝地推進委員会","史跡","物置小屋","ものおきごや","storage shed","芸術作品の中には、長いベンチや物置小屋、かかしなどの形で、実用的にデザインされたものや、地元の自然や農業を見どころにしたものなどがある。","Some pieces, in the form of long benches, storage sheds, or scarecrows, were designed to be functional; other artworks highlight local nature and agriculture."]
[1244,"新潟県","（上信越高原国立公園）三俣地域多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","管領","かんりょう","deputy shogun","上杉家の家臣となるべく生まれた謙信はのちに正式に上杉家の養子となり、管領と呼ばれる非常に権威ある職を与えられた。","Born to a retainer of the Uesugi family, he was later officially adopted by the Uesugi family and awarded the highly prestigious position of deputy shogun. "]
[1245,"新潟県","（上信越高原国立公園）三俣地域多言語解説協議会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","城跡","じょうせき","castle ruins","城跡は1950年代に地元の林業労働者によって発見され、1976年に新潟県の文化財に指定された。","The castle ruins were rediscovered by a local woodcutter in the 1950s and designated a Niigata Cultural Property in 1976."]
[1246,"新潟県","（上信越高原国立公園）三俣地域多言語解説協議会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","山城","やまじろ、さんじょう"," mountain castles","16世紀末に作られた城ではあるが、このような山城は、日本における大規模な要塞の中でも最も初期の形態であり、戦国時代（1467～1568）の大名が丘の頂上や開けた平野部に建てたさらに大規模な城の先駆けとなるものだった。","Though Arato Castle was built in the late sixteenth century, mountain castles (yamashiro) like this one were one of the earliest forms of large-scale fortification in Japan, and they became the precursors of the larger castles that daimyo built on hilltops or on Japan’s open plains during the Warring States period (1467–1568). "]
[1247,"新潟県","（上信越高原国立公園）三俣地域多言語解説協議会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","土塁","どるい","earthen walls","また、主郭の北側一帯には土塁が築かれているほか、郭内の一角には、かつて物見やぐらが立っていた見晴らしのよい一段高くなっている場所がある。","Earthen walls were constructed around the main bailey’s northern side, and a raised clearing that once held a signal tower is visible in one corner of the enclosure. "]
[1248,"新潟県","（上信越高原国立公園）三俣地域多言語解説協議会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","柵","さく","wooden palisades","それぞれの郭は木製の柵で囲まれており、そこに設けられた狭間と銃眼から、守る側は敵に向かって火縄銃を撃つことができるようになっていた。","The baileys were encircled by wooden palisades with loopholes and gun ports through which the defenders could fire on the enemy."]
[1249,"新潟県","（上信越高原国立公園）三俣地域多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","本尊","ほんぞん","principle image","本尊の観音像は左手に蓮の花のつぼみを持っている。","The principle image of Kannon at Yagisawa Kannondō (at center) holds a lotus bud in its left hand, which is said to purify those who suffer. "]
[1250,"新潟県","（上信越高原国立公園）三俣地域多言語解説協議会","社会","大名行列","だいみょうぎょうれつ","retinues","だいみょうぎょうれつが参勤交代に通る三国街道の一部に組み込まれたのである。","Shogunate (1603–1868) when it became a section of the Mikuni Road, the route taken by daimyo and their retinues when they made obligatory trips to Edo every other year."]
[1251,"新潟県","（上信越高原国立公園）三俣地域多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","三尸\n三虫","さんし\nさんちゅう","three worms","庚申とは、三尸（さんし）が体から抜け出して天の王宮に自分の罪を報告しにいかないよう、信者たちが不眠を貫く日のことを指す。 "," Kōshin refers to a day when followers do not sleep in order to prevent three worms from escaping their bodies and reporting on their sins to the Court of Destiny."]
[1252,"新潟県","（上信越高原国立公園）三俣地域多言語解説協議会","自然現象","雪崩","なだれ"," avalanche ","この大雪によって引き起こされた雪崩は、深さ約6メートル、幅約200メートルにもなり、この記念碑のある場所から池田家（いけだや）の南までの一帯を覆いつくした。","The resulting avalanche was approximately six meters deep and 200 meters wide, covering an area that stretched from the site of this monument south to the Ikedaya inn."]
[1253,"新潟県","（上信越高原国立公園）三俣地域多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","司命","しめい","Court of Destiny","庚申の当夜、眠りにつくと、人間の体内にいる三尸（さんし）が逃げ出して、眠っている宿主の悪事を天の王宮へ報告し、その内容によっては司命の寿命が短くなると信じられていた。","According to Kōshin belief, when one fell asleep on the night of a kōshin day, three worms that dwell in the body would escape and report on the sleeping person’s wrongdoings to the Court of Destiny. "]
[1254,"新潟県","（上信越高原国立公園）三俣地域多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","里宮","さとみや","local auxiliary shrine.","目の前にある神社は、実際には伊米神社の本宮ではなく、里宮、または地元の補助神社である。","The shrine you see before you is not actually the main shrine of Ime Jinja, but a satomiya, or local auxiliary shrine. "]
[1255,"新潟県","（上信越高原国立公園）三俣地域多言語解説協議会","動物","イワナ","いわな","char","本社の近くを流れる山からの清流は、クレソン、イワナのほか、梅花藻と呼ばれる水生顕花植物の生息地となっている。","The pure mountain stream that flows through the main shrine precincts is home to watercress, char (iwana), and an aquatic flowering plant called baikamo (Ranunculus nipponicus)."]
[1256,"新潟県","（上信越高原国立公園）三俣地域多言語解説協議会","植物","光ゴケ","ひかりごけ","Luminous moss","ヒカリゴケは北半球に分布し、雨溝や洞窟など他の植物がほとんど育たないような軟らかくじめじめした土壌の光の少ない環境で生育する。","Luminous moss (Schistostega pennata) is found throughout the Northern Hemisphere in gullies, caves, and other environments with soft, damp soil and low-light conditions where few other plants survive. "]
[1257,"新潟県","（上信越高原国立公園）三俣地域多言語解説協議会","その他","金網","かなあみ","wire fence","金網が設置されているのは動物からコケを保護するためである。","A wire fence was erected here to protect the moss from animals. "]
[1258,"新潟県","（上信越高原国立公園）三俣地域多言語解説協議会","史跡","関所","せきしょ","checkpoint","これらの4軒の宿を経営していた各家族の長はいずれも村の名主で、この地域を取り締り、税を徴収する人たちであった。","The heads of the families operating these four inns were the town headmen, who policed the area, collected taxes, and guarded the checkpoint. "]
[1259,"新潟県","（上信越高原国立公園）三俣地域多言語解説協議会","史跡","脇本陣","わきほんじん","secondary inns","池田家（いけだや）は1828年に三俣（みつまた）で創業し、3軒ある脇本陣のうちの1軒として、主要な宿（本陣）が埋まっていた場合に大名などの身分の高い人物が宿泊する場所として利用された。","Ikedaya was established in Mitsumata in 1828 as one of three wakihonjin, or inns that served daimyo and other high-status dignitaries when the primary inn (honjin) was occupied."]
[1260,"新潟県","（上信越高原国立公園）三俣地域多言語解説協議会","建造物等","石置木羽葺き","いしおきこばぶき","cedar shingles secured by large rocks","元々の屋根は石置木羽葺き（いしおきこばぶき）したものだった。","The original roof was made with cedar shingles secured by large rocks. "]
[1261,"新潟県","（上信越高原国立公園）三俣地域多言語解説協議会","建造物等","くぐり戸","くぐりど"," wicket door","徒歩で到着した飛脚や商人たちは低いくぐり戸から入っていったが、米や毛織物などの商品を積んだ馬や荷車が入れるよう、扉全体を開くこともできた。","Messengers and merchants arriving on foot entered through a low wicket door, but the entire wall could be opened to allow entry for horses and carts loaded with rice, cloth, and other goods."]
[1262,"新潟県","（上信越高原国立公園）三俣地域多言語解説協議会","史跡","刺股","さすまた","spear-fork","最後は「刺股（さすまた）」である。刺股は現在でも日本の警察や学校で非致死兵器として使用されている。","The last of these, called a “spear-fork” (sasumata), is still employed as a non-lethal weapon by Japanese police and in Japanese schools.","※江戸時代（1603〜1868年）、武器庫には犯罪人を制圧し、捕らえるために使用する3つの特殊な武器あった。\nDuring the Edo period (1603–1868), the weapon rack would have held three specialized weapons that were used to subdue and capture criminals."]
[1263,"新潟県","（上信越高原国立公園）三俣地域多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","名主","なぬし"," village headmen","祭りを始めたのは、江戸時代（1603～1868）に大名などの身分の高い旅人をもてなす宿の経営で成功を収めた村の4人の名主たちである。","The festival was started by the four village headmen who prospered from managing the inns that hosted daimyo and other high-status travelers during the Edo period (1603–1868). "]
[1264,"新潟県","（上信越高原国立公園）三俣地域多言語解説協議会","建造物等","欄間","らんま","transoms","襖の上の欄間には、池田家の正式家紋（揚羽蝶）の彫刻が中央に施されており、その家紋の両隣には、妻の家紋（菊座橘）が配置されている。","The transoms above them are carved with the official Ikeda family crest, a swallowtail butterfly resting with its wings folded, which is flanked on both sides by the wife’s family crest, an orange surrounded by leaves."]
[1265,"新潟県","（妙高戸隠連山国立公園）妙高市国立公園多言語推進協議会","動物","モリアオガエル","もりあおがえる","forest green tree frog ","モリアオガエルや、ミズチドリ（ラン科ツレサギソウ属の植物で、6月末から7月初めにかけて咲く）などの様々な動植物の生息地となっている。","It is home to the forest green tree frog (Rhacophorus arboreus), a species that is endemic to Japan, and a variety of flora, such as mizuchidori (Platanthera hologlottis), a member of the butterfly orchid family that flowers from late June to early July."]
[1266,"新潟県","（妙高戸隠連山国立公園）妙高市国立公園多言語推進協議会","建造物等","水力発電所","すいりょくはつでんしょ","hydroelectric power stations","堰き止められて以来、湖は90万トンの水を蓄えるまでに大きくなり、その水は複数の水力発電所の動力源としてのほか、50キロメートル下流にある7,200ヘクタールの農地の灌漑用水としても使われている。","Seki River. Since being dammed, the lake’s volume has increased to 900,000 tons of water, which feeds several hydroelectric power stations and irrigates 7,200 hectares of fields 50 kilometers downstream. "]
[1267,"新潟県","（妙高戸隠連山国立公園）妙高市国立公園多言語推進協議会","湖沼","貯水池","ちょすいち","reservoir","1929年には、電力会社2社が関川の2つの支流の合流点を堰き止めることで貯水池と水力発電所を建設し、1951年にそれを笹ヶ峰ダムと名を改めた。","In 1929, two electric power companies dammed the confluence of two Seki River tributaries to build a reservoir and hydropower station. In 1951, it was renamed Sasagamine Dam. "]
[1268,"新潟県","（妙高戸隠連山国立公園）妙高市国立公園多言語推進協議会","湖沼","湖底","こてい","lakebed","約2万5千年前、この一帯は湖底にあったが、火山活動によって徐々に隆起し、標高1,200メートルを超えるまでになった。","This area was a lakebed some twenty-five thousand years ago, but volcanic activity has gradually raised it to an elevation of over 1,200 meters."]
[1269,"新潟県","（妙高戸隠連山国立公園）妙高市国立公園多言語推進協議会","動物","カモシカ","かもしか"," Japanese serows","現在は、サル、カモシカ、ツツドリなどの野生動物がこの一帯に生息している。","Today, this area is inhabited by monkeys, Japanese serows, Himalayan cuckoos, and other wildlife. "]
[1270,"新潟県","（妙高戸隠連山国立公園）妙高市国立公園多言語推進協議会","その他","炭\n木炭","すみ\nもくたん","charcoal","20世紀初め、この一帯の木々は建築資材やスキー板用として木材に加工され、枝部分は木炭を作るために使われていた。","During the early twentieth century, the trees in this area were milled into building materials and lumber for making skis, and the tree branches were used to produce charcoal. "]
[1271,"新潟県","（妙高戸隠連山国立公園）妙高市国立公園多言語推進協議会","植物","カラマツ","からまつ","Japanese larch trees","カラマツはその頑丈さから木材として高い評価を受けている木だ。","The beginning of this course is dominated by two groves of Japanese larch trees (karamatsu), which are prized as lumber for the sturdiness of their wood. "]
[1272,"新潟県","（妙高戸隠連山国立公園）妙高市国立公園多言語推進協議会","高原・湿原・原野","伐採\n山林開拓","ばっさい\nさんりんかいたく","deforestation","宇棚の清水（うだなのしみず）は、1811年に始まった笹ヶ峰（ささがみね）地区の山林開拓および開発の初期段階で発見された湧水である。","Udana Spring was discovered during the area’s first phase of deforestation and development, which began in 1811. "]
[1273,"新潟県","（妙高戸隠連山国立公園）妙高市国立公園多言語推進協議会","植物","毬果","きゅうか","cones","クリスマスツリーとしても使われるほか、長さ約20センチメートルまで育つその毬果は、クリスマスリースに使われる。","They are also used as Christmas trees, and their cones, which grow to about 20 centimeters in length, are used in Christmas wreaths."]
[1274,"新潟県","（妙高戸隠連山国立公園）妙高市国立公園多言語推進協議会","動物","頭","とう","head","牧場が活気に満ちるのは7～8月で、この時期には約100頭の肉牛と乳牛が野原で草をはむ。","The farm becomes lively in July and August, when around 100 head of beef and dairy cattle graze in the fields."]
[1275,"新潟県","（妙高戸隠連山国立公園）妙高市国立公園多言語推進協議会","建造物等","吊り橋","つりばし","suspension bridge","一茶は1813年4月にこの滝を訪れ、次の句を詠んだ。なお、この句は滝手前の吊り橋近くにある碑に刻まれている。","He visited Naena Falls in April 1813 and composed the following poem, which is inscribed on a monument near the suspension bridge before the falls. "]
[1276,"新潟県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（妙高赤倉）","芸能・興行・イベント","七五三","しちごさん","shichi-go-san","簡単に従うことのできる温泉のルールは、日本の「七五三」の考え方でしょう。通常は、七五三というと7歳５歳３歳の子供の成長を願う日本の伝統的な儀式のことを言います。"," an easy onsen rule to follow is the Japanese concept of ‘shichi-go-san’ or ‘seven-five-three’, which is usually a traditional rite of passage for children wishing them both health and luck while they are growing up. "]
[1277,"新潟県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（妙高赤倉）","温泉","かけ湯","かけゆ","kakeyu","浸かる前に、かけ湯をすることが重要です（温泉のお湯を体にかけることで、お湯の温度に体を慣らします）。","Make sure you soak yourself down with kakeyu (adjusting your body to the water’s temperature by pouring onsen water onto your body) before heading in."]
[1278,"新潟県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（妙高赤倉）","食","流しそうめん","ながしそうめん","nagashi somen","ここでは暖かい季節には新鮮な山の水を使った流しそうめんを楽しむことができます。","Here you can eat nagashi somen (flowing somen noodles) made using fresh mountain water during the warmer months. "]
[1279,"新潟県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（妙高赤倉）","食","きのこ","きのこ","kinoko","気候が涼しくなれば、きのこ蕎麦など季節の美味しい料理を楽しむことができます。","When the weather cools down, seasonal specialties such as kinoko mushroom soba are available. "]
[1280,"新潟県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（妙高赤倉）","温泉","露天風呂","ろてんぶろ","rotenburo","滝の湯はこのエリアで人気な温泉スポットの一つで赤倉温泉の中心部に位置し、ユニークな露天風呂を体験できます。","Offering visitors a unique rotenburo (outdoor onsen) experience in the heart of Akakura Onsen, Taki no Yu is one of the most popular bathing spots in the area. "]
[1281,"新潟県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（妙高赤倉）","史跡","関所","せきしょ","sekisho","江戸時代 (1603～1867年) 、将軍は江戸、現在でいう東京に至るすべての街道に置かれた関所を管理していました。","During the Edo period (1603–1867), the shogun controlled sekisho, or checkpoints, on all the highways that lead in and out of Edo (modern day Tokyo). "]
[1282,"新潟県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（妙高赤倉）","食","かんずり","かんずり","kanzuri","特にこの地域で生産され、この雪の作用の恩恵を受けている最も有名な食品の一つは、発酵させた唐辛子のペーストで、かんずりと呼ばれています。一般的に約3～6年発酵されるこの人気のペーストは、雪にさらし、麹の酵母菌と柚子の皮を混ぜた、塩漬けの唐辛子から作られます。","One of the specialties to come out of the area is a fermented chili paste called kanzuri, which benefits from the region’s chilly winter conditions.  Typically fermented for three to six years, this popular paste is made up of a mix of salt-pickled togarashi peppers that have been exposed to snow, koji yeast and yuzu citrus  peels."]
[1283,"新潟県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（妙高赤倉）","食","唐辛子","とうがらし","togarashi","特にこの地域で生産され、この雪の作用の恩恵を受けている最も有名な食品の一つは、発酵させた唐辛子のペーストで、かんずりと呼ばれています。一般的に約3～6年発酵されるこの人気のペーストは、雪にさらし、麹の酵母菌と柚子の皮を混ぜた、塩漬けの唐辛子から作られます。","One of the specialties to come out of the area is a fermented chili paste called kanzuri, which benefits from the region’s chilly winter conditions.  Typically fermented for three to six years, this popular paste is made up of a mix of salt-pickled togarashi peppers that have been exposed to snow, koji yeast and yuzu citrus  peels."]
[1284,"新潟県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（妙高赤倉）","食","麹","こうじ","koji","特にこの地域で生産され、この雪の作用の恩恵を受けている最も有名な食品の一つは、発酵させた唐辛子のペーストで、かんずりと呼ばれています。一般的に約3～6年発酵されるこの人気のペーストは、雪にさらし、麹の酵母菌と柚子の皮を混ぜた、塩漬けの唐辛子から作られます。","One of the specialties to come out of the area is a fermented chili paste called kanzuri, which benefits from the region’s chilly winter conditions.  Typically fermented for three to six years, this popular paste is made up of a mix of salt-pickled togarashi peppers that have been exposed to snow, koji yeast and yuzu citrus  peels."]
[1285,"新潟県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（妙高赤倉）","食","日本酒","にほんしゅ","nihonshu","この地域の酒の醸造では、主に雪、水、米という要素が組み合わさることで、一体感のある日本酒の製造を可能としています。","A big part of the sake process in this area is the combination of snow, water and rice, which really brings nihonshu (rice wine) together."]
[1286,"新潟県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（妙高赤倉）","テーマ施設等","道の駅","みちのえき","michi no eki","道の駅は人気の道路沿いの駅で、日本全国にあり、地元の生鮮食品やその他の地域で作られた品物やお土産物を買うのに絶好のスポットである場合が多いです。","Michi no eki are popular roadside stations found across Japan and are often great spots to pick up local produce and other locally-made items and souvenirs. "]
[1287,"新潟県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（妙高赤倉）","食","笹寿司","ささずし","sasa zushi","ここで、袋に入った地元産の米や山菜から、焼きたてのパンや笹ずし(笹の葉の上に広げてのせられた寿司)などの自家製の食品を買うことができます。","You can pick up bags of locally grown rice and mountain vegetables, as well as homemade food items including freshly baked bread and sasa zushi (sushi spread out on a bamboo leaf). "]
[1288,"新潟県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（妙高赤倉）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","宮殿","くでん","kuden","社殿と宮殿は、宮殿の内部に安置された銅造菩薩立像とともに、国の重要文化財に指定されています。","Its main building and kuden (altar case) are registered as nationally designated cultural properties, as is the bronze bodhisattva statue which sits inside the kuden altar."]
[1289,"新潟県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（妙高赤倉）","温泉","手湯","てゆ","teyu","赤倉温泉には、手湯や寝湯などユニークな屋外温泉がいくつかあり、絵画のように美しい山々を眺めながら楽しむことができます。","At Akakura Onsen you’ll find some unique outdoor onsen including a teyu (hand bath) and neyu (sleeping bath) spot overlooking the picturesque mountains."]
[1290,"新潟県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（妙高赤倉）","温泉","寝湯","ねゆ","neyu","赤倉温泉には、手湯や寝湯などユニークな屋外温泉がいくつかあり、絵画のように美しい山々を眺めながら楽しむことができます。","At Akakura Onsen you’ll find some unique outdoor onsen including a teyu (hand bath) and neyu (sleeping bath) spot overlooking the picturesque mountains."]
[1291,"新潟県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（妙高赤倉）","温泉","足湯","あしゆ","ashiyu","肌寒く感じたら、レストランの隣にある足湯で温めてください。","If you’re feeling chilly, warm up at the ashiyu, or foot bath, next to the restaurant."]
[1292,"新潟県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（妙高赤倉）","動物","ライチョウ","らいちょう","raicho","この地域をすみかとするライチョウを探してみてください。","Keep an eye out for raicho, otherwise known as the rock ptarmigan bird, which calls this area home. "]
[1293,"富山県","南砺市多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","合掌造り","がっしょう　づくり","gassho-zukuri","五箇山には40ほどの集落があり、その中には、ユネスコ世界遺産で、急勾配な構造と茅葺き屋根を特徴とする伝統的合掌様式の家屋で有名な相倉合掌造り集落および菅沼合掌造り集落が含まれます。","Gokayama is home to 40 villages, including the UNESCO World Heritage gassho-zukuri villages of Ainokura and Suganuma, renowned for their traditional houses characterized by steep thatched roofs."]
[1294,"富山県","南砺市多言語解説整備推進協議会","植物","コウゾ","こうぞ","kozo ","土地は主に家屋および農地として使われ、絹の生産を目的としたクワが栽培され、クワの一種で和紙の製造に使われるコウゾも収穫されます。","Mulberries were once raised for silk production, and a type of mulberry known as kozo is cultivated for the production of washi paper. "]
[1295,"富山県","南砺市多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","囲炉裏","いろり","irori ","塩硝は、五箇山地域の合掌造りの家に一般的に備わっている囲炉裏の下に掘られた、最長2mの深さの穴の中で作られました。","Saltpeter was created in a hole up to 2 meters deep under the irori fireplaces of the gassho-zukuri (steep thatched roof) houses of the Gokayama region. "]
[1296,"富山県","南砺市多言語解説整備推進協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","ささら","ささら","sasara","来訪者は、この家屋の3階まで見て回ることができ、ここの住民に会うこともできます。ここに暮らす家族は、伝統的な囲炉裏を囲んでの興味深い話や民俗音楽の演奏、さらには「ささら」といった伝統楽器の演奏を伴う踊りが大好きです。また、贈り物やお土産を購入することもできます。","Visitors can explore up to the third floor of the house as well as meet its inhabitants; members of the Murakami family, who live here, sit around the traditional irori fireplace while sharing interesting stories and performing folk music and dance accompanied by traditional musical instruments such as the sasara, a clapper made from wooden slats connected by a cord."]
[1297,"富山県","南砺市多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","書院造","しょいん　づくり","shoin-zukuri","さらに、客間は書院造と呼ばれる上級武士の屋敷に典型的に見られる様式で建てられています。","The guest rooms were built in shoin-zukuri, a style of architecture typical of the houses of high-ranking samurai. "]
[1298,"富山県","南砺市多言語解説整備推進協議会","その他","石高","こくだか","kokudaka","この時代、土地の価値は石高というシステムによって決められており、石高は米の量である石という単位で表されていました。","During that time, land value was determined by a system known as kokudaka, expressed in koku or bushels of rice (each 150g)."]
[1299,"富山県","南砺市多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","鞘堂","さやどう","sayado","鞘堂の屋根と構造は、この地域の合掌造り（急勾配の茅葺き屋根の家屋）建築と似ています。","The main shrine can be found inside the sayado, a building that protects the shrine from the region’s harsh climate. "]
[1300,"富山県","南砺市多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","流刑小屋","るけい　ごや","rukei goya","流刑を受けた人が暮らす小屋は流刑小屋と呼ばれ、五箇山にはかつて多くの流刑小屋が建てられましたが、現存するものは1軒だけです。","Gokayama was home to a number of exile huts known as rukei goya."]
[1301,"富山県","南砺市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","傘鋒","かさぼうこう","kasaboko","1717年の祭りで神輿、傘鋒（天から神霊を招くもの）、獅子舞が取り入れられました。","A festival was held in 1717 that included a portable shrine, a kasaboko (object that summons divine spirits from the heavens), and a lion dance."]
[1302,"富山県","南砺市多言語解説整備推進協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","曳山","ひきやま","hikiyama","曳山祭の展示室では、装飾に富んだ曳山を間近で眺めることができます。","Visitors can take a close look at the ornate hikiyama floats inside the main exhibition hall."]
[1303,"富山県","南砺市多言語解説整備推進協議会","工芸・美術品","行燈","あんどん","andon","この祭りは、1日目の夜に行燈（大きな紙の提灯）の行列が福野の通りを練り歩くのが見どころであることから、一部の人々の間では紙提灯行列祭としても知られています。","The festival is also known as the Yotaka Lantern Parade as giant paper lanterns (andon) are paraded through the streets of Fukuno on the first night of the festival. "]
[1304,"富山県","南砺市多言語解説整備推進協議会","工芸・美術品","木版画","もくはんが","moku-hanga","棟方の版画作品は木版画に分類されます。この技法は、平塚運一という別の日本人木版画家から学んだものです。","Munakata’s prints are categorized as moku-hanga woodblock art, a technique he learned from another Japanese printmaker, Hiratsuka Un’ichi. "]
[1305,"石川県","一般社団法人こまつ観光物産ネットワーク","食","茶懐石","ちゃかいせき","cha-kaisek","特別な場面で出される懐石料理は、千利休が完成させた正式な茶会の一部として提供される食事「茶懐石」から生まれました。","These multicourse feasts for special occasions emerged from cha-kaiseki, the meal served as part of the formal tea ceremony perfected by Sen no Rikyu."]
[1306,"石川県","一般社団法人こまつ観光物産ネットワーク","乗物","北前船","きたまえぶね","kitamaebune,","石川県小松市沿岸にある安宅の裏通りをのんびり歩いていると、「北前船」の歴史を垣間見ることができます。","Strolling the backstreets of the coastal Ataka area of Komatsu in Ishikawa Prefecture offers glimpses into the history of the kitamaebune."]
[1307,"石川県","一般社団法人こまつ観光物産ネットワーク","工芸・美術品","九谷焼","くたにやき","Kutani porcelain ","宝石のようなすばらしい色と大胆な装飾が特徴の九谷焼は、石川県で何世紀にもわたりその伝統を培ってきました。","Celebrated for its brilliant jewel-like colors and bold decorations, the Kutani porcelain tradition has flourished for centuries in Ishikawa Prefecture. "]
[1308,"石川県","一般社団法人こまつ観光物産ネットワーク","人物・人名・役職名","隈研吾","くまけんご","Kuma Kengo,","建築家隈研吾が設計したこの施設には、九谷焼の陶土を作る工場","Designed by architect Kuma Kengo, the venue houses a factory where the base material of Kutani ware."]
[1309,"石川県","一般社団法人こまつ観光物産ネットワーク","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","那谷寺","なたでら","Nata Temple","風光明媚な重要文化財、小松市の那谷寺。手つかずの森林に囲まれたこの聖域は、さまざまな記録から約1300年前に開創したとされる当時の姿のまま、今日も佇んでいます。","A scenic treasure trove of Important Cultural Properties, the Nata Temple complex in Komatsu is surrounded by untouched woodlands that appear today much as they must have thirteen centuries ago when records suggest the sanctuary was founded."]
[1310,"石川県","一般社団法人こまつ観光物産ネットワーク","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","安宅住吉神社","あたかすみよしじんじゃ","Ataka Sumiyoshi Shrine","安宅住吉神社は、神道において海と航海の神とされる三神を祀っています。","Ataka Sumiyoshi Shrine worships a trio of Shinto deities recognized as the gods of the sea and sailing."]
[1311,"石川県","一般社団法人こまつ観光物産ネットワーク","食","にしん蕎麦","にしんそば","nishin soba","たとえば、温かい蕎麦に醤油、みりん、砂糖で煮た風味豊かな身欠きにしんを乗せたにしん蕎麦を考えてみてください。","Consider, for example, a dish like nishin soba, which unites a warm serving of buckwheat noodles with savory dried herring simmered in soy sauce, mirin, and sugar."]
[1312,"石川県","一般社団法人こまつ観光物産ネットワーク","食","へしこ","へしこ","Heshiko","サバやイワシなどの青魚を塩と米ぬかで漬けた「へしこ」は、昔は越冬食としてだけでなく外洋に出る漁師たちの食料としても食べられていました。","Heshiko, or bluebacks like mackerel and sardines cured with salt and rice bran, was in olden times a food for wintering as well as provision for fishermen on the high seas. "]
[1313,"石川県","一般社団法人こまつ観光物産ネットワーク","食","杜氏","とうじ","toji ","模は大きくなっても、加越酒造の酒造りは今でも人の手が重要であることに変わりはありません。発酵を止めるべきか、それとも醪をあと数日間泡立たせておくかの重要な判断は酒造りの責任者である杜氏が行います。","Large-scale though it may be, brewing at Kaetsu is still very much a hands-on concern, with the toji brewmaster making critical decisions as to whether fermentation should be stopped or the mash kept bubbling for another couple of days."]
[1314,"石川県","一般社団法人こまつ観光物産ネットワーク","食","大吟醸","だいぎんじょう","daiginjo","精米歩合はそれぞれ吟醸で50%、大吟醸で35%です。 ","The milling rates are 50 and 35 percent, respectively, for the ginjo and daiginjo labels."]
[1315,"石川県","一般社団法人こまつ観光物産ネットワーク","建造物等","数寄屋造り","すきやづくり","sukiya-style","また、敷地内には数寄屋造りの茶室と庭のある「桂松庵」があり、事前に予約をすれば茶会や四季折々の酒を楽しむ会を手配できます。","Also on the grounds is Keisho-an, a sukiya-style tea house and garden where tea ceremonies and seasonal sake tastings can be arranged by prior appointment. "]
[1316,"石川県","公益社団法人　石川県観光連盟","社会","石","こく","koku","その価値は、「石」という精白されていない乾米の単位で表現された。1石は、約180リットルに相当する。","These values were expressed in units of dry, unmilled rice called koku, equivalent to about 180 liters. "]
[1317,"石川県","公益社団法人　石川県観光連盟","庭園・公園","雪吊","ゆきづり","yukizuri","そして冬になると、庭師たちは、竹と縄を木に結びつけ支える「雪吊」で、この地域の豪雪から、慎重に造った木の形を守るのだ。","In winter, gardeners tie up trees with bamboo and rope supports called yukizuri to help them weather the region’s heavy snowfall and maintain their painstakingly cultivated shape."]
[1318,"石川県","公益社団法人　石川県観光連盟","建造物等","障子","しょうじ","shoji","伝統的には紙が貼られている障子だが、いくつかにはガラスが取り付けられており、冷たい空気を室内に入れることなく居住者が庭の雪景色を見られるようになっている。","Some sliding shoji panels, traditionally papered, are inset with glass, allowing the residents to view the snow in the garden without letting cold air inside."]
[1319,"石川県","公益社団法人　石川県観光連盟","城跡・城郭・宮殿","櫓","やぐら","turret","再建された建物には、兼六園と金沢城を見渡せる、2つの櫓がある。","The rebuilt structures include two tall turrets with panoramic views over Kenrokuen Garden and the city of Kanazawa."]
[1320,"石川県","公益社団法人　石川県観光連盟","組織・団体","加賀藩","かがはん","Kaga domain","玉泉院丸庭園は、加賀藩（現在の石川県とその周辺）の2代目藩主の正室、玉泉院にちなんで名づけられている。","Gyokuseninmaru Garden is named after Gyokusenin, the wife of the second lord of the Kaga domain (present-day Ishikawa and around)."]
[1321,"石川県","公益社団法人　石川県観光連盟","建造物等","土塀","どべい","earthen wall","石畳の通りと土塀は、金沢における、江戸時代（1603-1867）の裕福な武士が居住していた区域の特徴である。","The cobblestone streets and tiled earthen walls are characteristic of wealthier samurai districts in Kanazawa during the Edo period (1603–1867)."]
[1322,"石川県","公益社団法人　石川県観光連盟","工芸・美術品","兜","かぶと","helmet","この博物館には、兜（かぶと）、刀剣と馬鎧（うまよろい）などの、コレクションがある。","The museum’s collection includes helmets, katana swords, and horse armor. "]
[1323,"石川県","公益社団法人　石川県観光連盟","人物・人名・役職名","家臣","かしん","retainer","保存状態の良い、前田家の家臣・寺島蔵人（1777–1837）の歴史的な邸宅では、18世紀から19世紀にかけての中流階級の武家の暮らしぶりを垣間見ることができる。","The well-preserved historical home of Maeda-family retainer Terashima Kurando (1777–1837) provides a glimpse into how middle-ranking samurai families of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Kanazawa lived."]
[1324,"石川県","公益社団法人　石川県観光連盟","城跡・城郭・宮殿","神門","しんもん","shinmon gate","1875年に完成された神社の3層の神門は、1871年に藩制度が終わった後でさえも、金沢の繁栄と重要性のシンボルとなった。","The shrine’s three-storied shinmon gate, completed in 1875, served as a symbol of Kanazawa’s vibrancy and importance even after the end of the system of domains in 1871. "]
[1325,"石川県","公益社団法人　石川県観光連盟","芸能・興行・イベント","芸妓","げいこ","geiko","ここは、芸妓（地元での芸者の呼び方）が豪商たちを音楽と踊り、遊びでもてなすために1820年に設置された。","It was established in 1820 as a place for geiko (the local name for geisha) to entertain wealthy merchants with music, dance, and games. "]
[1326,"石川県","公益社団法人　石川県観光連盟","建造物等","お茶屋","おちゃや","teahouse","付近のメインストリートには、伝統的な木造のお茶屋が立ち並び、かつての趣を湛えている。","The neighborhood’s main street, lined with traditional wooden teahouses, retains the atmosphere of earlier times."]
[1327,"石川県","公益社団法人　石川県観光連盟","人物・人名・役職名","商人","しょうにん","merchant","ここは、裕福な商人が人目を忍んで、夜に芸妓を訪れる場所だった。","A small shrine sits atop the Kuragarizaka (lit., “Dusk Hill”) steps, which were once used by rich merchants to discreetly visit geiko in the evenings. "]
[1328,"石川県","公益社団法人　石川県観光連盟","芸能・興行・イベント","加賀宝生","かがほうしょう","Kaga-Hosho","当時この地を治めていた前田一族の支援により、地元、加賀宝生流の能楽が繁栄していった。加賀宝生流の能楽が栄えたのは、前田一族が支援したおかげなのだ。","The local Kaga-Hosho school of Noh flourished thanks to the patronage of the ruling Maeda family."]
[1329,"石川県","公益社団法人　石川県観光連盟","芸能・興行・イベント","出初め式","でぞめしき","dezomeshiki","出初め式は、国内に見られる、江戸時代から始まった伝統行事だ。当時、高い梯子の上に乗った一人の消防団員が誘導のため、地面にいる他の消防団員に大声で指示していた。","The dezomeshiki tradition, found nationwide, originated in the Edo period (1603–1867) when firefighting brigades were guided by a single firefighter who rode atop a high ladder, shouting instructions to their fellow firefighters below. "]
[1330,"石川県","公益社団法人　石川県観光連盟","芸能・興行・イベント","獅子舞","ししまい","lion dancing","行列が城に到着すると、歴史の再現と獅子舞とともに利家の入場を祝される。","The parade’s arrival at the castle is celebrated with historical re-enactments and lion dancing."]
[1331,"石川県","公益社団法人　石川県観光連盟","温泉","足湯","あしゆ","footbath","日帰り旅行者は、公共の温泉施設「白鷺の湯」と、隣接する足湯を楽しむことができる。","Daytrippers can enjoy the Shirasagi no Yu public bathhouse and the free adjacent footbath."]
[1332,"石川県","公益社団法人　石川県観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","分社","ぶんしゃ","sub-shrine","この祭では、大行列が能登半島を通り、約30km離れた七尾の主要分社まで氣多大社の神を運ぶ。二つ目の祭が鵜祭。","In this festival, a large procession carries the deity of Keta Taisha across the Noto Peninsula to the main Keta sub-shrine in Nanao, about 30 kilometers away."]
[1333,"石川県","公益社団法人　石川県観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","仏性","ぶっしょう","Buddha-nature","日蓮宗の教えで注目すべきは、人々の中に仏性があると説いている点で、それは今生で悟りを得る可能性がすべての人にある、ということを意味する。","Nichiren Buddhism is noteworthy for its focus on the Buddha-nature of the individual, meaning all people have the potential to attain enlightenment in this lifetime."]
[1334,"石川県","公益社団法人　石川県観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","白山信仰","はくさんしんこう","Hakusan mountain worship","神社でよく見られる鳥居など、仏教以外の建築要素を取り込むことで、仏教と白山信仰、那谷寺で実践されている自然崇拝の融合を際立たせている。","Its incorporation of non-Buddhist architectural elements, including the torii gates usually found at shrines, marks the syncretic mix of Buddhism, Hakusan mountain worship, Shinto, and nature worship practiced at Natadera."]
[1335,"石川県","公益社団法人　石川県観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","仏壇","ぶつだん","Buddhist altar","歴史的に金箔は、高級住宅や寺、仏壇、石川県の工芸品に使用されていた。","Historically, gold leaf was used in luxury residences and temples, and on Buddhist altars, another Ishikawa craft."]
[1336,"石川県","公益社団法人　石川県観光連盟","食","治部煮","じぶに","jibu-ni","治部煮は、高級懐石料理のコースや石川県内の家庭料理の両方で見られる。","Jibu-ni is found in both high-end kaiseki courses and home cooking around the prefecture. "]
[1337,"石川県","公益社団法人　石川県観光連盟","工芸・美術品","輪島塗","わじまぬり","Wajima lacquerware","輪島は、日本でも最大の漆器製造地である。輪島塗は、特にその耐久性が評価されている。","Wajima is the biggest lacquerware producer in Japan, and Wajima lacquerware is particularly valued for its durability."]
[1338,"石川県","公益社団法人　石川県観光連盟","工芸・美術品","九谷焼","くたにやき","Kutani ware","九谷焼は、大胆な色使いと精緻なデザインが特徴的だ。","Kutani ware is characterized by bold use of color and elaborate designs."]
[1339,"石川県","公益社団法人　石川県観光連盟","建造物等","窯","かま","kiln","九谷焼窯跡展示館には、博物館と、石川県の工芸・九谷焼の復興において重要な1824年に造られた陶器窯がある。","The Kutani-yaki Kiln Exhibition Hall houses a museum and an 1824 porcelain kiln that was critical in reviving the art of Kutani ware."]
[1340,"石川県","公益社団法人　石川県観光連盟","工芸・美術品","山中漆器","やまなかしっき","Yamanaka lacquerware","山中うるし座は、郷土工芸である山中漆器に特化した博物館やギャラリー、ショップが併設されている。","Yamanaka Urushi-za is a museum, gallery, and shop dedicated to the local craft of Yamanaka lacquerware."]
[1341,"石川県","公益社団法人　石川県観光連盟","工芸・美術品","加賀友禅","かがゆうぜん","Kaga-yuzen","加賀友禅は、5色（臙脂・藍・黄土・草・古代紫）を基調とした色彩と、複雑なデザインが特徴だ。","Kaga-yuzen is characterized by five basic colors (indigo, crimson, dark green, ocher, and royal purple) and intricate designs. "]
[1342,"石川県","公益社団法人　石川県観光連盟","人物・人名・役職名","茶人","ちゃじん","tea master","初代大樋長左衛門（1631–1712）は、前田家から招かれ、1666年に茶人の仙叟宗室（1622–1697）とともに京都から金沢へやって来た。","Ohi Chozaemon I came to Kanazawa from Kyoto with tea master Senso Soshitsu (1622–1697) in 1666 by invitation from the Maeda family."]
[1343,"石川県","公益社団法人　石川県観光連盟","乗物","北前船","きたまえぶね","kitamaebune","北前船は、商船。江戸時代（1603–1867）から20世紀の変わり目にかけて、北日本と大阪の間を行き来していた。","Kitamaebune were merchant ships that sailed between northern Japan and Osaka from the Edo period (1603–1867) to the turn of the twentieth century. "]
[1344,"石川県","公益社団法人　石川県観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","僧院","そういん","monastery","總持寺祖院（意味：總持寺の祖となる寺院）は、同じ場所に建てられた僧院。","Sojiji Soin (lit. “Sojiji Ancestor Temple”) is a monastery built on the same site."]
[1345,"石川県","公益社団法人　石川県観光連盟","建造物等","格子","こうし","lattice","この歴史的な地区には、黒い瓦屋根、木板の壁、格子戸などの、江戸時代の建築が残されている。","This historic district retains its Edo-period architecture of black-tiled roofs, wood-paneled walls, and lattice doors."]
[1346,"石川県","公益社団法人　石川県観光連盟","食","昆布","こんぶ","kombu seaweed / kombu","「しら井」は、80年間、昆布を専門に取り扱っている。北日本の重要な産物である昆布は、北前船により石川県でも入手できるようになった。","For 80 years, Shirai has specialized in kombu seaweed, an important commodity from northern Japan that kitamaebune made available in Ishikawa."]
[1347,"石川県","公益社団法人　石川県観光連盟","芸能・興行・イベント","でか山","でかやま","dekayama","でか山は毎年、新しく手造りされる。でか山の上には、有名な歌舞伎の場面にちなんだ、等身大の手作りの人形が設置される。","The dekayama are handmade anew each year and topped with life-size, handcrafted figures that portray scenes from famous Kabuki plays. "]
[1348,"石川県","公益社団法人　石川県観光連盟","食","発酵食品","はっこうしょくひん","fermented foods","醤油味のアイスクリーム、または発酵食品に特化したランチを試してみると良いだろう。","Try soy sauce-flavored ice cream or a lunch featuring fermented foods."]
[1349,"石川県","公益社団法人　石川県観光連盟","その他","難関突破","なんかんとっぱ","overcoming obstacles","安宅住吉神社は、障害を乗り越える「難関突破」の神を祀る、日本で唯一の神社だ。","Ataka Sumiyoshi-jinja is the only Shinto shrine in Japan dedicated to the guardian deity of overcoming obstacles."]
[1350,"石川県","公益社団法人　石川県観光連盟","工芸・美術品","縮尺模型","しゅくしゃくもけい","scale model","この資料館の展示物は、航海道具、縮尺模型、船箪笥に特化している。","The museum’s exhibits feature navigation tools, scale models, and ship chests. They provide detailed information illustrating life on board the kitamaebune ships."]
[1351,"石川県","公益社団法人　石川県観光連盟","芸能・興行・イベント","山中節","やまなかぶし","Yamanaka-bushi","彼らが唄っていた舟唄に影響を受け、山中節が生まれた。","Influence from the shanties they sang led to the creation of a song called Yamanaka-bushi. "]
[1352,"石川県","一般社団法人金沢市観光協会","組織・団体","加賀藩","かがはん","Kaga domain","金沢市はかつて加賀藩（封建時代の石川県）の経済的・行政的中心でした。","The city of Kanazawa was once the economic and administrative center of the Kaga domain (feudal-era Ishikawa Prefecture)."]
[1353,"石川県","一般社団法人金沢市観光協会","人物・人名・役職名","前田利家","まえだとしいえ","Maeda Toshiie","その公的な創設者である前田利家は、後継者たちとともに城を拡大し、江戸時代（1603―1867）の間、周囲の町を封建時代の日本における最大の城下町のひとつに成長させました。","Its official founder Maeda Toshiie (1538–1599) and his successors enlarged the castle, and over the course of the Edo period (1603–1867) turned the surrounding town into one of the largest castle towns in feudal Japan. "]
[1354,"石川県","一般社団法人金沢市観光協会","建造物等","土壁","つちかべ","tsuchi-kabe","これらの家屋の多くは、土壁を維持しています。これは、霜や割れから守るために、冬には藁のマットで覆われます。","Many of these residences maintain their original earthen walls (tsuchi-kabe), which are still covered in the winter with straw mats to protect them from frost and subsequent cracking."]
[1355,"石川県","一般社団法人金沢市観光協会","人物・人名・役職名","足軽","あしがる","ashigaru","これには、城、藩の施設、侍屋敷、足軽（歩兵）の住居が含まれていました。","This included the castle, domain facilities, samurai residences, and accommodation for ashigaru (foot soldiers). "]
[1356,"石川県","一般社団法人金沢市観光協会","人物・人名・役職名","平士","へいし","heishi","中級階級の武士である「平士」は特に多く、約25％の土地を占めました。","Samurai of middle rank (heishi) were especially numerous and occupied roughly 25 percent of this land. "]
[1357,"石川県","一般社団法人金沢市観光協会","郷土景観","組地","くみち","kumichi ","侍階級の最下層の足軽は、市内各地の「組地」と呼ばれる指定区域に住んでいました。","Ashigaru, the lowest-ranking samurai class, lived in designated wards called kumichi in various parts of the city. "]
[1358,"石川県","一般社団法人金沢市観光協会","人物・人名・役職名","八家","はっか","hakka","ここ、長町には、加賀藩の八家（侍の最も高い階級であり、エリートで豊かな階層）である村井家と長家が屋敷を構えていました。","Here in the Nagamachi district of feudal Kanazawa, the Murai and the Cho, two of the highest-ranking and wealthiest samurai families (hakka) in the Kaga domain (feudal-era Ishikawa Prefecture) had their residences. "]
[1359,"石川県","一般社団法人金沢市観光協会","建造物等","長屋門","ながやもん","nagaya-mon","現在、この地域には近代的な住宅もありますが、狭い通りや、今も使われている用水、土壁、長屋門（長屋形式の門）などは、古い時代の街並みが残っています。","While today a few modern houses dot the area, the narrow streets, active water channel system, earthen walls, and gates called nagaya-mon (“longhouse gates”) still evoke the townscape of an era long past. "]
[1360,"石川県","一般社団法人金沢市観光協会","人物・人名・役職名","仲間","ちゅうげん","chugen","高田家は、中級武士である「平士」と彼らの奉公人である「仲間」の生活に関する展示をしています。","The Takada Family House has exhibits about the lives of middle-ranking samurai (heishi) and their servants (chugen). "]
[1361,"石川県","一般社団法人金沢市観光協会","人物・人名・役職名","高田家","たかだけ","Takada Family House","高田家は、中級武士である「平士」と彼らの奉公人である「仲間」の生活に関する展示をしています。","The Takada Family House has exhibits about the lives of middle-ranking samurai (heishi) and their servants (chugen). "]
[1362,"石川県","一般社団法人金沢市観光協会","人物・人名・役職名","前田綱紀","まえだつなのり","Maeda Tsunanori","江戸時代初期には、加賀藩（金沢を中心とする封建時代の石川）では上層の氏族間の権力闘争による混乱がありましたが、五代目の大名（領主）である前田綱紀（1643―1724）の時に、武士の階級が明確になりました。","Early in the Edo period, there was disorder in the Kaga domain (feudal-era Ishikawa, centered on Kanazawa) owing to power struggles between upper members of the ruling family, but under the fifth lord (daimyo) of the domain, Maeda Tsunanori (1643–1724), samurai ranking was clearly set out. "]
[1363,"石川県","一般社団法人金沢市観光協会","人物・人名・役職名","年寄","としより","toshiyori","彼らは藩の政治を合議で動かしていく重要な職務である「年寄」として仕えました。","They served as senior advisers to the daimyo (toshiyori) charged with consulting together to manage the political affairs of the domain. "]
[1364,"石川県","一般社団法人金沢市観光協会","社会","石","こく","koku","石は米を測定する単位で、武士の所得を示すために使われていました。だいたい180リットル、あるいは1人の大人が1年に食べた米の量にほぼ相当しました。","A koku is a unit for measuring rice and was used to express the value of a samurai’s holdings; one koku is roughly equivalent to 180 liters of rice and was held to correspond to the amount of rice a grown person consumes in a year. "]
[1365,"石川県","一般社団法人金沢市観光協会","人物・人名・役職名","人持組","ひともちぐみ","hitomochi-gumi","八家の下には 「人持組」階級がありました。","Below the hakka were those of hitomochi-gumi rank."]
[1366,"石川県","一般社団法人金沢市観光協会","人物・人名・役職名","家老","かろう","karo","この中で、富が豊富な者は「家老」（上級の役人）であり、富の少ない者は「若年寄」（その下の役人）と呼ばれていました","The wealthier of them were senior officials (karo), while the less wealthy were junior officials called wakadoshiyori. "]
[1367,"石川県","一般社団法人金沢市観光協会","人物・人名・役職名","若年寄","わかどしより","wakadoshiyori","この中で、富が豊富な者は「家老」（上級の役人）であり、富の少ない者は「若年寄」（その下の役人）と呼ばれていました","The wealthier of them were senior officials (karo), while the less wealthy were junior officials called wakadoshiyori. "]
[1368,"石川県","一般社団法人金沢市観光協会","人物・人名・役職名","与力","よりき","yoriki","平士の階級の下には60〜350石の扶持を受け取る「与力」があり、その下には「御徒」がありました。","Below the heishi in rank were the yoriki, samurai who received stipends of 60–350 koku. Below the yoriki were the okachi. "]
[1369,"石川県","一般社団法人金沢市観光協会","人物・人名・役職名","御徒","おかち","okachi","平士の階級の下には60〜350石の扶持を受け取る「与力」があり、その下には「御徒」がありました。","Below the heishi in rank were the yoriki, samurai who received stipends of 60–350 koku. Below the yoriki were the okachi. "]
[1370,"石川県","一般社団法人金沢市観光協会","人物・人名・役職名","飛脚","ひきゃく","hikyaku","江戸時代の平和時には、足軽は門番や飛脚（宅配者）として働いていました。","During the long peace of the Edo period, ashigaru worked as gate guards or couriers (hikyaku)"]
[1371,"石川県","一般社団法人金沢市観光協会","建造物等","石垣","いしがき","ishi-gaki","土壁は石垣の上に作られました。","Tsuchi-kabe were constructed atop a low stone wall (ishi-gaki)."]
[1372,"石川県","一般社団法人金沢市観光協会","人物・人名・役職名","小者","こもの","komono","彼らが仲間（粗く訳すと「中間」といった意味合い）と呼ばれたのは、武士階級と、最下級の兵士たちである「足軽」や「小者」（通信役や、荷物運びを担った者）の中間に、彼らの階級が位置付けられたためだと言われています。","It is said these soldiers were called chugen (meaning roughly “middle place”), because their rank fell between that of the lowest-ranking samurai (ashigaru) on the one hand and that of the messengers-cum-porters (komono) on the other.  "]
[1373,"石川県","一般社団法人金沢市観光協会","社会","両","りょう","ryo","両は当時の通貨単位です。","A ryo was the standard unit of currency at that time. "]
[1374,"石川県","一般社団法人金沢市観光協会","工芸・美術品","挟箱","はさみばこ","hasamibako","「挟箱」（衣服の替えを入れた箱）を運ぶ人や、他の荷物担ぎ手は紺や黄色の紋付き法被を身に付けました。","Those who carried their masters’ wooden chests of extra clothing (hasamibako) and other cargo-bearers wore navy or yellow happi with a crest."]
[1375,"石川県","一般社団法人金沢市観光協会","建造物等","土間","どま","doma","奉公人の居住場所には木床と囲炉裏があり、厩には「土間」（土を積んだ床）があります。","The wood-floored servants’ quarters contain a built-in hearth, while the stable was constructed with a floor of rammed earth (doma). "]
[1376,"石川県","一般社団法人金沢市観光協会","建造物等","野面積み","のづらづみ","nozura-zumi","当時は、長屋門の門部分の両側に入れられていた石垣は、加工をされていない天然石を積み重ねた「野面積み」のみが許可されていました。","At that time, the only style permitted for constructing the stone walls to either side of the nagaya-mon was the nozura-zumi (“field-stone bedding”) style, in which stones are roughly laid without cutting or shaping them. "]
[1377,"石川県","一般社団法人金沢市観光協会","建造物等","切石積み","きりいしづみ","kiri-ishi-zumi","現在復元されている長屋門は、石垣に亀の甲羅の形をした薄い石が貼られています。これは、当時の実際の石垣だった、切り石をきれいに積み上げた「切石積み」に見た目を似せるためです。","The walls of the restored nagaya-mon have decorative facing blocks set in them carved in the shape of turtle shells to show how they would have looked during the Edo period, when they were built with carefully laid blocks of cut stone (a style known as kiri-ishi-zumi)."]
[1378,"石川県","一般社団法人金沢市観光協会","人物・人名・役職名","御廻組","おまわりぐみ","omawari-gumi","この中には、騎馬隊である「御廻組」と大名を護衛する「親番組」が含まれています。","Two of these subgroups were the omawari-gumi, who served as cavalry, and the soldiers who formed the bodyguard (shinban-gumi) of the domain lord (daimyo)."]
[1379,"石川県","一般社団法人金沢市観光協会","人物・人名・役職名","親番組","しんばんぐみ","shinban-gumi","この中には、騎馬隊である「御廻組」と大名を護衛する「親番組」が含まれています。","Two of these subgroups were the omawari-gumi, who served as cavalry, and the soldiers who formed the bodyguard (shinban-gumi) of the domain lord (daimyo)."]
[1380,"石川県","一般社団法人金沢市観光協会","テーマ施設等","金沢市足軽資料館","かなざわしあしがるしりょうかん","Kanazawa City Ashigaru Museum","金沢市足軽資料館に来ると、日本の封建時代の雰囲気がより一層感じられるでしょう。","At the Kanazawa City Ashigaru Museum, feudal-era Japan comes to life once more. "]
[1381,"石川県","一般社団法人金沢市観光協会","建造物等","高西家","たかにしけ","Takanishi Family House","高西家は、隣にある清水家と並び、金沢においてもっとも古い足軽の一戸建て家の一つです。","The Takanishi Family House, along with the Shimizu Family House next door, is one of the oldest remaining detached houses for ashigaru in Kanazawa."]
[1382,"石川県","一般社団法人金沢市観光協会","人物・人名・役職名","清水家","しみずけ","Shimizu Family House","高西家は、隣にある清水家と並び、金沢においてもっとも古い足軽の一戸建て家の一つです。","The Takanishi Family House, along with the Shimizu Family House next door, is one of the oldest remaining detached houses for ashigaru in Kanazawa."]
[1383,"石川県","一般社団法人金沢市観光協会","人物・人名・役職名","前田利常","まえだとしつね","Maeda Toshitsune","しかし、1656年に前田利常(1593–1658)の下で行われた藩政改革により、平士家族の生活には若干の安定がもたらされました。","In 1656, reforms instituted by the daimyo Maeda Toshitsune (1593–1658) provided some stability for heishi families by switching the Kaga domain to a twice yearly (spring and winter) payment system. "]
[1384,"石川県","一般社団法人金沢市観光協会","社会","参勤交代","さんきんこうたい","sankin-kotai","江戸時代（1603―1867）には、徳川の軍事政権（将軍）が、「参勤交代」という制度を導入しました。","During the Edo period, the Tokugawa military government (shogunate) implemented a system called “alternate attendance” (sankin-kotai)."]
[1385,"石川県","一般社団法人金沢市観光協会","その他","切り米","きりまい","kiri-mai","足軽のように低い階級の侍は、米や硬貨のお金と交換できる「切り米」というバウチャーを、決まった時期に受け取っていました。","Low-ranking samurai like ashigaru were paid at fixed times throughout the year in vouchers called kiri-mai that could be exchanged for rice or hard currency. "]
[1386,"石川県","（白山国立公園）(一社)　白山市観光連盟","山岳","白山","はくさん","Mt. Hakusan","白山は、富士山、立山と並ぶ日本三霊山のひとつです。","Mt. Hakusan is one of the three most sacred mountains in Japan, along with Mt. Fuji and Mt. Tateyama."]
[1387,"石川県","（白山国立公園）(一社)　白山市観光連盟","山岳","日本三霊山","にほんさんれいざん"," three most sacred mountains","白山は、富士山、立山と並ぶ日本三霊山のひとつです。","Mt. Hakusan is one of the three most sacred mountains in Japan, along with Mt. Fuji and Mt. Tateyama."]
[1388,"石川県","（白山国立公園）(一社)　白山市観光連盟","人物・人名・役職名","泰澄","たいちょう","Taicho","泰澄は、仏教、神道、山岳信仰の教えを取り入れた修験道という宗教における重要人物です。","Taicho was a practitioner of Shugendo, a religion that combines Buddhism, Shinto and mountain worship."]
[1389,"石川県","（白山国立公園）(一社)　白山市観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","修験道","しゅげんどう","Shugendo","泰澄は、仏教、神道、山岳信仰の教えを取り入れた修験道という宗教における重要人物です。","Taicho was a practitioner of Shugendo, a religion that combines Buddhism, Shinto and mountain worship."]
[1390,"石川県","（白山国立公園）(一社)　白山市観光連盟","植物","ハクサンコザクラ","はくさんこざくら","Hakusan kozakura (Primula cuneifolia Ledeb. var. hakusanensis) ","より標高が高い場所では木々がまばらになり、かわりに、夏を通して色とりどりの花を咲かせる高山植物が現れます。これらの花の中にはハクサンコザクラやハクサンフウロなど、白山にちなんで名付けられたものもあります。","Higher up, the trees thin out and give way to alpine meadows dotted with colorful flowers throughout the summer, some named after the mountain, such as Hakusan kozakura (Primula cuneifolia Ledeb. var. hakusanensis) and Hakusan furo (Geranium yesoemse var. nipponicum)."]
[1391,"石川県","（白山国立公園）(一社)　白山市観光連盟","植物","ハクサンフウロ","はくさんふうろ"," Hakusan furo (Geranium yesoemse var. nipponicum)","より標高が高い場所では木々がまばらになり、かわりに、夏を通して色とりどりの花を咲かせる高山植物が現れます。これらの花の中にはハクサンコザクラやハクサンフウロなど、白山にちなんで名付けられたものもあります。","Higher up, the trees thin out and give way to alpine meadows dotted with colorful flowers throughout the summer, some named after the mountain, such as Hakusan kozakura (Primula cuneifolia Ledeb. var. hakusanensis) and Hakusan furo (Geranium yesoemse var. nipponicum)."]
[1392,"石川県","（白山国立公園）(一社)　白山市観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","下山仏","げざんぶつ","gezan butsu","「下山仏」（すなわち「山を下った仏像」）として知られるこれらの仏像は、白山山麓の二か所に安置されています。","Known as gezan butsu (“Buddhas who descended the mountain”), these statues are safely enshrined in two spots in the foothills of Hakusan."]
[1393,"石川県","（白山国立公園）(一社)　白山市観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","初詣","はつもうで","hatsumode","白山比咩神社は、年が明けてから最初に神社に参拝する「初詣」の人気スポットです。","Shirayama-Hime Shrine is a popular destination for hatsumode, the first shrine visit of the New Year."]
[1394,"石川県","（白山国立公園）(一社)　白山市観光連盟","河川・渓谷","手取峡谷","てどりきょうこく","Tedori Gorge","2011年に設立された白山手取川ジオパークには、白山山頂、手取川流域、手取峡谷が含まれます。","Hakusan Tedorigawa National Geopark was established in 2011, and encompasses the summit of Mt. Hakusan, the Tedorigawa River basin, and Tedori Gorge. "]
[1395,"石川県","（白山国立公園）(一社)　白山市観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","白山奥宮祈祷殿","はくさんおくみやきじゅでん","Hakusan Okumiya prayer hall","奥宮祈祷殿は、室堂の山小屋の正面にあります。"," The Hakusan Okumiya prayer hall is located in front of the Murodo mountain hut. "]
[1396,"石川県","（白山国立公園）(一社)　白山市観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","手水舎","てみずや・ちょうずや・ちょうずしゃ・てみずしゃ"," temizuya, or water-purification basin","手水舎は表参道の奥にあります。","The temizuya, or water-purification basin, is at the end of the Omotesando. "]
[1397,"石川県","（白山国立公園）(一社)　白山市観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","二礼二拍手一礼","にれいにはくしゅいちれい","Bow Twice, Clap Twice, Bow Once","お賽銭を入れた後、二礼二拍手一礼をして敬意を表します。","After presenting the cash offering, pay your respects by bowing twice, clapping twice, and then bowing once. "]
[1398,"石川県","（白山国立公園）(一社)　白山市観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","白山信仰","はくさんしんこう"," Hakusan faith or Hakusan shinko","しかし、白山信仰の広がりとともに、人々は信仰の実践として白山に登り始め、やがて山頂への登山道がつくられました。","However, with the growth of Hakusan shinko (the Hakusan faith), people began to climb the mountain as a form of religious devotion, eventually creating trails up to the summit. "]
[1399,"石川県","（白山国立公園）(一社)　白山市観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","禊","みそぎ","misogi","禊は白山の雪解け水に身を浸ける清めの儀式です。禊社は境内の奥にある小さな神社で、禊場はこの厳粛な儀式が行われる水場です。","Misogi is a purification ceremony in which participants are immersed in meltwater from Mt. Hakusan. The misogi-sha is the small shrine towards the back of the shrine grounds, while the misogi-ba is the pool in which this solemn ceremony takes place."]
[1400,"石川県","（白山国立公園）(一社)　白山市観光連盟","滝","琵琶滝","びわたき","Biwa Waterfall","表参道に沿って流れる清流は琵琶滝から続いており、滝は夜になるとライトアップされます。","The clear stream that runs along the Omotesando originates from this waterfall, which is illuminated at night. "]
[1401,"石川県","（白山国立公園）(一社)　白山市観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","表参道","おもてさんどう","Omotesando Path","鳥居から表参道までガイドがご案内します。","A guide will lead you from the torii gate up the Omotesando path."]
[1402,"石川県","（白山国立公園）(一社)　白山市観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","縁結び","えんむすび","matchmaking","このため、菊理媛は、縁結びや夫婦円満の女神として崇められています。","As such, Kukuri Hime is revered as the goddess of matchmaking and marital bliss. "]
[1403,"石川県","（白山国立公園）(一社)　白山市観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","夫婦円満","ふうふえんまん","marital bliss","このため、菊理媛は、縁結びや夫婦円満の女神として崇められています。","As such, Kukuri Hime is revered as the goddess of matchmaking and marital bliss. "]
[1404,"石川県","（白山国立公園）(一社)　白山市観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","家内安全","かないあんぜん","peaceful household","さらに、家内安全, 交通安全、商売繁盛、学業成就、夫婦円満、幸福長寿、子孫繁栄などを祈願するため、多くの参拝者が訪れます。","In addition, many visitors stop by to pay their respects and wish for a peaceful household, safe travels, business prosperity, educational success, harmonious marriages, good fortune and long life, and the prosperity of descendants."]
[1405,"石川県","（白山国立公園）(一社)　白山市観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","交通安全","こうつうあんぜん","safe travels","さらに、家内安全, 交通安全、商売繁盛、学業成就、夫婦円満、幸福長寿、子孫繁栄などを祈願するため、多くの参拝者が訪れます。","In addition, many visitors stop by to pay their respects and wish for a peaceful household, safe travels, business prosperity, educational success, harmonious marriages, good fortune and long life, and the prosperity of descendants."]
[1406,"石川県","（白山国立公園）(一社)　白山市観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","商売繁盛","しょうばいはんじょう","business prosperity","さらに、家内安全, 交通安全、商売繁盛、学業成就、夫婦円満、幸福長寿、子孫繁栄などを祈願するため、多くの参拝者が訪れます。","In addition, many visitors stop by to pay their respects and wish for a peaceful household, safe travels, business prosperity, educational success, harmonious marriages, good fortune and long life, and the prosperity of descendants."]
[1407,"石川県","（白山国立公園）(一社)　白山市観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","学業成就","がくぎょうじょうじゅ","educational success","さらに、家内安全, 交通安全、商売繁盛、学業成就、夫婦円満、幸福長寿、子孫繁栄などを祈願するため、多くの参拝者が訪れます。","In addition, many visitors stop by to pay their respects and wish for a peaceful household, safe travels, business prosperity, educational success, harmonious marriages, good fortune and long life, and the prosperity of descendants."]
[1408,"石川県","（白山国立公園）(一社)　白山市観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","幸福長寿","こうふくちょうじゅ","good fortune and long life","さらに、家内安全、交通安全、商売繁盛、学業成就、夫婦円満、幸福長寿、子孫繁栄などを祈願するため、多くの参拝者が訪れます。","In addition, many visitors stop by to pay their respects and wish for a peaceful household, safe travels, business prosperity, educational success, harmonious marriages, good fortune and long life, and the prosperity of descendants."]
[1409,"石川県","（白山国立公園）(一社)　白山市観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","子孫繁栄","しそんはんえい","prosperity of descendants","さらに、家内安全, 交通安全、商売繁盛、学業成就、夫婦円満、幸福長寿、子孫繁栄などを祈願するため、多くの参拝者が訪れます。","In addition, many visitors stop by to pay their respects and wish for a peaceful household, safe travels, business prosperity, educational success, harmonious marriages, good fortune and long life, and the prosperity of descendants."]
[1410,"石川県","（白山国立公園）(一社)　白山市観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","梵鐘","ぼんしょう","Buddhist bell","梵鐘も1基収蔵されています。","The collection also includes one Buddhist bell. "]
[1411,"石川県","（白山国立公園）(一社)　白山市観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","狛犬","こまいぬ","Komainu guardian dogs","<キャプション>\n狛犬","<CAPTIONS>\nKomainu guardian dogs "]
[1412,"石川県","（白山国立公園）(一社)　白山市観光連盟","人物・人名・役職名","泰澄大師","たいちょうだいし","Taicho  Daishi","泰澄大師（682-767）という仏僧は、悟りを求めてこの山に登ることを長年にわたり夢見ていました。","The Buddhist monk Taicho  Daishi (682–767) dreamed of climbing Mt. Hakusan in search of the Buddha and enlightenment for years."]
[1413,"石川県","（白山国立公園）(一社)　白山市観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","白山下山仏","はくさんげざんぶつ","Hakusan Gezan Buddhas \nor \nHakusan Gezan Butsu","白山神社の白山下山仏と鐘","The Hakusan Gezan Buddhas and Bell at Hakusan Shrine"]
[1414,"石川県","（白山国立公園）(一社)　白山市観光連盟","工芸・美術品","木造阿弥陀如来立像","もくぞうあみだにょらいりつぞう","Wooden statue of Amida Nyorai Buddha","木造阿弥陀如来立像（1216）。快慶または他の有名仏師の作と考えられているこの堅牢な木像は、鎌倉時代（1185-1333）初期の正統派仏教美術の代表作です。","Wooden statue of Amida Nyorai Buddha, 1216. This solid wooden statue, thought to have been carved by the famous sculptor Kaikei or another major artist, is an outstanding example of the orthodox school of Buddhist art from the early Kamakura period (1185–1333)."]
[1415,"石川県","（白山国立公園）(一社)　白山市観光連盟","工芸・美術品","銅造観音菩薩坐像","どうぞうかんのんぼさつざぞう","Bronze statue of the Kannon, the bodhisattva of mercy","銅造観音菩薩坐像および銅造台座。像は鎌倉時代（1185-1333）の作。現在の姿は蓮華の上に座っている観音像ですが、この像の頂部はもともと十一面観音像のものであったと考えられています。","Bronze statue of the Kannon, the bodhisattva of mercy, with bronze cabinet, Kamakura period (1185–1333). The figure today is of Kannon sitting on a lotus, but it is thought that originally the figure’s top section was that of an Eleven-Headed Kannon. "]
[1416,"石川県","（白山国立公園）(一社)　白山市観光連盟","湖沼","千蛇ヶ池","せんじゃがいけ","Senjagaike Pond","像高79センチメートルのこの銅像は、もとは白山山頂に近い千蛇ヶ池のほとりにありました。","This 79-centimeter-tall bronze statue was originally located near the top of Mt. Hakusan, near Senjagaike Pond. "]
[1417,"石川県","（白山国立公園）(一社)　白山市観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神仏分離","しんぶつぶんり","shinbutsu bunri","武士による支配の終焉と急速な近代化の幕開けとなった明治時代（1868-1912）、政府は神道と仏教を強制的に分別する神仏分離という方針を打ち出しました。","During the Meiji era, which marked the end of the period of rule by the warrior class and the beginning of a rapid drive to modernize, the government announced a policy called shinbutsu bunri, the forced separation of Buddhism and Shinto. "]
[1418,"福井県","OBAMA食と農の景勝地実行委員会","集落・街","若狭","わかさ","Wakasa","若狭は、小浜市とその周辺の地域を含む昔実在した国に由来し、今でもその地域を説明するのに使用されています。","Wakasa is the ancient provincial name for this and the surrounding regions, and is still used to describe the area."]
[1419,"福井県","OBAMA食と農の景勝地実行委員会","集落・街","御食国","みけつくに","miketsukuni","若狭は、奈良時代（710～793年）に天皇に食物を供給した三つの「御食国」の一つと考えられています。","Wakasa is considered to be one of only three known “miketsukuni,” or provinces that supplied foodstuffs to the court during the Nara period (710–794)."]
[1420,"福井県","OBAMA食と農の景勝地実行委員会","食","あいもの","あいもの","aimono","江戸時代（1603～1867年）には、若狭のカレイとクジから主に作られるあいものでこの地域は有名になりました。","During the Edo period (1603–1868), the region was famed for its aimono cured and dried fish, primarily made with Wakasa willowy flounder (karei) and horsehead tilefish (guji). "]
[1421,"福井県","OBAMA食と農の景勝地実行委員会","食","なれずし","なれずし","Nare-zushi","現代の寿司の前身であるなれずしは、塩漬けの魚と炊いたご飯を組み合わせて発酵させることで作られます。","Nare-zushi, the precursor to modern sushi, is prepared by combining salted fish with cooked rice and allowing it to ferment. "]
[1422,"福井県","OBAMA食と農の景勝地実行委員会","食","半なれずし","半なれずし","hannare-zushi","室町時代（1336〜1573）に新しいタイプの半なれずしの登場により寿司は劇的に変わりました。 数日から1か月、発酵をさせた早いうちに食べられる寿司でした。","Sushi changed dramatically in the Muromachi period (1336–1573) with the emergence of a new style of sushi called hannare-zushi. This was eaten when the preparation was fresher, after only a few days to one month of fermentation. "]
[1423,"福井県","OBAMA食と農の景勝地実行委員会","食","ニシンの寿司","にしんのすし","Herring sushi","ニシンの寿司は、乾燥させたにしんを米のとぎ汁に一晩漬け、麹と塩、大根と人参、たかのつめなどの層にして、重しを載せて２週間ほど漬けたものです。","Herring sushi is prepared by soaking dried herring fillets overnight in togijiru, the starchy water drained off when washing rice. The fillets are then stacked in layers with koji, salt, daikon radish, carrot, and takanotsume chili peppers. A weight is placed on top, and the herring is left to age for approximately two weeks. "]
[1424,"福井県","OBAMA食と農の景勝地実行委員会","食","押し寿司","おしずし","oshi-zushi ","サバの寿司は多くの場合、押し寿司のかたちで提供されています。箱にお米を入れ、魚の切り身を載せて押し込みます。その後、一つ一つの寿司に切り分けられます。","Mackerel sushi is usually prepared in the oshi-zushi style: A large amount of rice is pressed into a box and topped with a layer of fish fillets. The block is then cut cleanly into individual pieces."]
[1425,"福井県","OBAMA食と農の景勝地実行委員会","食","雑煮","ぞうに","zoni","雑煮は、日本の正月に食べる伝統的な汁物です。 ","Zoni (also spelled zouni) is a traditional soup eaten during the Japanese New Year holiday."]
[1426,"福井県","OBAMA食と農の景勝地実行委員会","食","へしこ","へしこ","heshiko","冬季や漁に出られない嵐の日に備え、魚の保存食であるへしこが作られました。","To sustain their diet for winter and stormy days when fishing boats could not sail, people made a style of preserved fish called heshiko. "]
[1427,"福井県","OBAMA食と農の景勝地実行委員会","食","なまぐさ汁","なまぐさじる","namagusajiru","焼いたさかなは、なまぐさ汁と呼ばれる汁物にもなります。出汁は魚の骨と頭から取られ、そこにほぐし身、豆腐、ネギ、大根、ニンジンなどの野菜が加えられます。","The grilled fish is also made into a soup called namagusajiru. The broth is made with the bones and head, and the soup contains pieces of the fish, tofu, green onions, daikon radish, carrots, and other vegetables."]
[1428,"福井県","OBAMA食と農の景勝地実行委員会","食","小鯛ささ漬け","こだいささずけ","Kodai sasazuke","小鯛ささ漬けは、塩、酢、そして笹で風味付けした小鯛の切り身を杉樽に詰めて作られています。","Kodai sasazuke is made by packing sea bream fillets flavored with salt, vinegar, and sasa bamboo into cedar casks. "]
[1429,"福井県","OBAMA食と農の景勝地実行委員会","食","ぬた","ぬた","nuta","サバと地元産のネギから作られた郷土料理である「ぬた」は、祭りや法事などでよく食べられます。","Another local dish, called nuta, is made from mackerel and locally grown green onions, and is a dish commonly eaten during festivals and at memorial services."]
[1430,"福井県","OBAMA食と農の景勝地実行委員会","食","若狭ガレイ","わかさがれい","Wakasa willowy flounder","小浜で獲れる魚の中でも、若狭ガレイと若狭グジはブランド魚の地位を獲得しています。","The Wakasa willowy flounder (karei) and Wakasa horsehead tilefish (guji) of Obama are considered luxury products from the region and have earned brand-name status."]
[1431,"福井県","OBAMA食と農の景勝地実行委員会","食","若狭グジ","わかさぐじ","Wakasa horsehead tilefish","小浜で獲れる魚の中でも、若狭ガレイと若狭グジはブランド魚の地位を獲得しています。","The Wakasa willowy flounder (karei) and Wakasa horsehead tilefish (guji) of Obama are considered luxury products from the region and have earned brand-name status."]
[1432,"福井県","OBAMA食と農の景勝地実行委員会","食","鯖街道","さばかいどう","Saba Kaido","かつての古都である京都は、鯖街道として知られる一連の道を介して若狭に繋がっていました。","The ancient capital of Kyoto was connected to Wakasa Province via a series of routes known as the Saba Kaido (“Mackerel Road” or “Mackerel Highway”)."]
[1433,"福井県","OBAMA食と農の景勝地実行委員会","乗物","北前船","きたまえぶね","kitamae-bune","江戸時代（1603年〜1867年）および明治時代（1868〜1912年）に、小浜は北前船の寄港地でした。これらの船は大阪と北海道を結んで行き来しました。","It was a port of call for the kitamae-bune merchant ships, which traveled between Osaka and Hokkaido during the Edo period and the Meiji era (1868–1912). "]
[1434,"福井県","OBAMA食と農の景勝地実行委員会","工芸・美術品","若狭塗","わかさぬり","Wakasa lacquerware","若狭塗は日本でよく知られており、赤や黄、緑、金の色合いを持つ華やかな外観が高い評価を得ています。","Well-known in Japan and prized for its luxurious appearance, Wakasa lacquerware is distinguished by the use of a combination of red, yellow, green, and gold colors. "]
[1435,"福井県","OBAMA食と農の景勝地実行委員会","工芸・美術品","めのう細工","めのうざいく","carved agate","若狭の伝統工芸は、何世代にも渡って受け継がれてきました。和紙やめのう細工、瓦、漆器などです。","Traditional Wakasa crafts have been passed down through many generations. These include Japanese paper (washi), carved agate, clay roof tiles, and lacquerware."]
[1436,"福井県","OBAMA食と農の景勝地実行委員会","植物","コウゾ","こうぞ","paper mulberry","若狭和紙はコウゾの樹皮から出来ています。","Wakasa washi is made from the bark of the paper mulberry."]
[1437,"山梨県","（南アルプス国立公園）南アルプス市","山岳","南アルプス","みなみあるぷす","The Minami Alps","南アルプスで最も目を引く山は、north mountainという意味の北岳です。","The most dramatic peak in the Minami Alps is Mt. Kitadake, which means “north mountain.” ","※「南」は「minami」と表記（Southではない）。"]
[1438,"山梨県","（南アルプス国立公園）南アルプス市","植物","キタダケソウ","きただけそう","kitadake-so","南東の斜面には、北岳にちなんで名付けられたキタダケソウ（Callianthemum hondoense）という高山植物の固有種が生育しており、運が良ければ６月下旬にその繊細な白い花を目にすることができます。","The southeastern slope hosts a variety of endemic alpine plants, and in late June lucky climbers may spot the delicate white Kitadake-so (Callianthemum hondoense), which is named after the peak.","※斜体で表記。\n※「kitadake」と「so」の間にハイフンを追加。"]
[1439,"山梨県","（南アルプス国立公園）南アルプス市","その他","糸魚川静岡構造線","いといがわしずおかこうぞうせん","the Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Line","南アルプスのすぐ東には、一連の大地震を引き起こしてきた糸魚川静岡構造線という大断層線があります。","Immediately to the east of the Minami Alps is the Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Line, a major fault line that has caused a series of large earthquakes.","※「Itoigawa」と「Shizuoka」の間にハイフンを追加。"]
[1440,"山梨県","（南アルプス国立公園）南アルプス市","建造物等","砂防ダム","さぼうだむ","check dam","自然地域では場違いに見えることがあるかもしれませんが、小さな砂防ダムと擁壁は、浸食による損壊を止める大事な手段です。","Although they may sometimes seem out of place in natural areas, small check dams and retaining walls are invaluable tools in stopping erosion damage."]
[1441,"山梨県","（南アルプス国立公園）南アルプス市","郷土景観","里山","さとやま","satoyama","里山という語は、通常小規模な農業と林業を営む住民が自然と調和しながら暮らしていた山のふもとの集落を指します。","The term satoyama refers to settlements at the foot of mountains, where the inhabitants lived in harmony with nature, usually combining small-scale agriculture with forestry.","※斜体で表記。"]
[1442,"山梨県","（南アルプス国立公園）南アルプス市","動物","雷鳥","らいちょう","Raicho","ライチョウは「雷の鳥」という意味です。","Raicho means “thunder bird” in Japanese. ","※斜体で表記。"]
[1443,"山梨県","（南アルプス国立公園）南アルプス市","その他","テンカラ","てんから","tenkara","釣り場は狭い渓谷にあることが多く、西洋スタイルのフライロッドよりも短くリールのないテンカラ竿が好まれています。","As fishing areas tend to be in narrow valleys, people prefer shorter, reel-less tenkara rods to Western-style fly rods. ","※斜体で表記。"]
[1444,"山梨県","（南アルプス国立公園）南アルプス市","植物","ハイマツ","はいまつ","Japanese stone pines","山の下の方の斜面には、スギ、ヒノキ、ブナの広大な森林があります。より急な斜面は紙のような樹皮を持つ大きなダケカンバ（Betula ermanii）で覆われ、山の上には丈の低いハイマツ（Pinus pumila）が生育し、ライチョウに食料と住みかを提供しています。","The steeper slopes are covered with large, papery-barked Erman’s birches (datekanba; Betula ermanii), while low-growing Japanese stone pines (haimatsu; Pinus pumila) grow on the peaks, providing food and shelter for rock ptarmigans (raicho)."]
[1445,"山梨県","（南アルプス国立公園）南アルプス市","植物","ホウオウシャジン","ほうおうしゃじん"," ho-o shajin","すみれ色やピンク、白のビランジ（Silene keiskei var. minor）や紫色の花が垂れ下がっているホウオウシャジン（Adenophoranikoensis var. stenophylla）も見られます。","Visitors may also see the violet, pink or white biranji (Silene keiskei var. minor) and the hanging purple ho-o shajin (Adenophoranikoensis var. stenophylla).","※斜体で表記。\n※「ho」と「o」の間にハイフンを追加。"]
[1446,"山梨県","（南アルプス国立公園）南アルプス市","動物","カモシカ","かもしか","kamoshika","彼らは、今では希少な犬種の甲斐犬という山中での狩猟のために訓練された猟犬を連れて、カモシカをはじめとする野生動物を捕まえるため罠を仕掛けたり狩ったりしました。","They would trap and hunt Japanese serows (kamoshika) and other wild game with their Kai Ken dogs, a now rare breed raised specifically to hunt in mountainous terrain.","※斜体で表記。"]
[1447,"山梨県","（南アルプス国立公園）南アルプス市","植物","山菜","さんさい","sansai","人気のある料理に、色々な食べられる野生植物の新芽である山菜（mountain vegetables）の漬物があります。","One popular dish is pickles made from sansai (literally “mountain vegetables”)","※斜体で表記。"]
[1448,"山梨県","（南アルプス国立公園）南アルプス市","食","あんぽ柿","あんぽがき","anpo-gaki","他の地域の名物には、あんぽ柿と呼ばれる干し柿があります。","Another local specialty is a type of dried persimmon called anpo-gaki.","※斜体で表記。\n※「anpo」と「gaki」の間にハイフンを追加。"]
[1449,"山梨県","（南アルプス国立公園）南アルプス市","郷土景観","棚田","たなだ","tanada","日本各地の稲作農家は、南アルプス市外にある中野地区で今でも米が作られている棚田のように、段になった水田を作ることによってこの課題を解決しました。","Rice farmers around Japan overcome this challenge with terraced rice fields (tanada), such as those still being farmed in the Nakano area outside the city of Minami Alps. ","※斜体で表記。"]
[1450,"山梨県","（南アルプス国立公園）南アルプス市","工芸・美術品","井川メンパ","いかわめんぱ","ikawa mempa","ユネスコエコパークの枠組みは、竹製の仕掛けを使った伝統漁法や、井川メンパという曲物と漆塗の技術を用いて弁当箱を作る南アルプスユネスコエコパークの静岡方面の工芸など、文化的に重要な活動も評価しています。","The Biosphere Reserve concept also acknowledges culturally significant activities, such as a traditional fishing method using bamboo traps, and ikawa mempa, a bentwood and lacquer craft used to make lunchboxes in the Shizuoka side of the Biosphere Reserve.","※斜体で表記。"]
[1451,"山梨県","（南アルプス国立公園）南アルプス市","工芸・美術品","輪かんじき","わかんじき","wakanjiki","入館するとすぐに、「輪かんじき」という木とわら縄で作られた特大のスノーシューが目に入ります。","Upon entering the museum, guests will immediately spot an oversized pair of wakanji, snowshoes made from wood and straw rope.","※斜体で表記。"]
[1452,"山梨県","一般社団法人富士五湖観光連盟","湖沼","富士五湖","ふじごこ","Fuji Five Lakes","最近では864年の貞観大噴火がこの地域全体の地形を変えてしまい、富士五湖と青木ヶ原樹海の下に広がる大地の双方を生み出しました。","As recently as 864, the Jogan Eruption reshaped the entire region’s geography, creating both the Fuji Five Lakes of today and the ground beneath the Aokigahara Jukai Forest. "]
[1453,"山梨県","一般社団法人富士五湖観光連盟","山岳","青木ヶ原樹海","あおきがはらじゅかい","Aokigahara Jukai Forest","富士五湖、青木ヶ原樹海と卓越した富士山で構成されているこの公園の中では、富士山エリアが最大です。","The Mt. Fuji region is the largest area of the park, consisting of the Fuji Five Lakes, the Aokigahara Jukai Forest, and the remarkable mountain. "]
[1454,"山梨県","一般社団法人富士五湖観光連盟","自然現象","貞観大噴火","じょうがんだいふんか","Jogan Eruption","901年に編纂された正史、日本三代実録では864年の貞観大噴火で「地球と岩が溶け」剗の海の残りに「流れ込んでいった」様子を記述しています。","The Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku, an official history compiled in the year 901, relates how “earth and rock melted and flowed” into what remained of the Senoumi in the Jogan Eruption of 864."]
[1455,"山梨県","一般社団法人富士五湖観光連盟","植物","フジマリモ","ふじまりも","Fuji marimo","1959年には山中湖が新発見の舞台となりました。フジマリモです。","In 1956, Yamanakako was the site of a new discovery: Fuji marimo. ","※「marimo」のみ斜体で表記。"]
[1456,"山梨県","一般社団法人富士五湖観光連盟","建造物等","河口湖大橋","かわぐちこおおはし","Kawaguchiko-ohashi\n Bridge","富士五湖唯一の橋、河口湖大橋は、北側の産屋ヶ崎と、南側の河口湖ハーブ館を結んでいます。","Kawaguchiko-ohashi Bridge, the only bridge in the Fuji Five Lakes, connects Cape Ubuyagasaki on the north side to Kawaguchiko Herb Hall to the south.","※「河口湖」と「大橋」の間にハイフンを使用。"]
[1457,"山梨県","一般社団法人富士五湖観光連盟","動物","クニマス","くにます","Kunimasu","近年では、西湖はクニマス、英名のBlack kokaneeとしても知られるベニマスの一種の保護への取り組みの中心となっています。","In recent years, Saiko has been the center of efforts to preserve the kunimasu, a kind of sockeye salmon also known as the black kokanee.","※斜体で表記。"]
[1458,"山梨県","一般社団法人富士五湖観光連盟","動物","赤富士","あかふじ","Red Fuji","夕暮れ時になると、夕日に染まる「赤富士」、また、山頂が冠雪している時には「紅富士」をカメラに収めようとしてこの湖の岸辺にカメラマンが集まってきます。","In the evening, the lake’s shores are visited by photographers seeking to capture “Red Fuji” (akafuji) in the setting sun, or “Pink Fuji” (benifuji) when there is snow on the peak. "]
[1459,"山梨県","一般社団法人富士五湖観光連盟","山岳","紅富士","べにふじ","Pink Fuji","夕暮れ時になると、夕日に染まる「赤富士」、また、山頂が冠雪している時には「紅富士」をカメラに収めようとしてこの湖の岸辺にカメラマンが集まってきます。","In the evening, the lake’s shores are visited by photographers seeking to capture “Red Fuji” (akafuji) in the setting sun, or “Pink Fuji” (benifuji) when there is snow on the peak. "]
[1460,"山梨県","一般社団法人富士五湖観光連盟","その他","もぐらん","もぐらん","Moguran","この船が文字通り「潜らない」を意味するためにその名前が「もぐらん」となっているのです。","Thus the name Moguran, which literally means “doesn’t dive.”","※斜体で表記。"]
[1461,"山梨県","一般社団法人富士五湖観光連盟","山岳","カチカチ山","かちかちやま","Crackling Mountain","有名な小説家、太宰治 (1909-1948) が現代風に書き直した「カチカチ山」では、物語の舞台が具体的に天上山となっています。","In “Crackling Mountain,” a modern retelling by renowned novelist Osamu Dazai (1909–1948), the tale is specifically set on Mt. Tenjo."]
[1462,"山梨県","一般社団法人富士五湖観光連盟","自然現象","ダイヤモンド富士","だいやもんどふじ","Diamond Fuji","ダイヤモンド富士とは、ちょうど富士山山頂の向こうに太陽が沈む景色のことです。","Diamond Fuji is the sight of the rising or setting sun directly behind Mt. Fuji’s peak. "]
[1463,"山梨県","一般社団法人富士五湖観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","石割神社","いしわりじんじゃ","Ishiwari-jinja Shrine","石割神社は、標高1,413mの石割山の八合目海抜1,143mの地点に立っています。","Ishiwari-jinja Shrine stands 1,143 meters above sea level at the eighth station of 1,413-meter-tall Mt. Ishiwari."]
[1464,"山梨県","一般社団法人富士五湖観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","河口浅間神社","かわぐちあさまじんじゃ","Kawaguchi Asama-jinja Shrine","河口浅間神社は、864年の貞観大噴火の後に浅間 (あさま/せんげん) と知られる火山の女神を鎮めるために建立されました。","Kawaguchi Asama-jinja Shrine was founded after the Jogan Eruption of 864 to appease the volcano deity known as Asama or Sengen."]
[1465,"山梨県","一般社団法人富士五湖観光連盟","人物・人名・役職名","木花開耶姫","このはなさくやひめ","Konohanasakuya-hime","19世紀初頭、河口浅間神社は、その他の浅間神社とともに山の神、大山津見神の娘である花の女神、木花開耶姫命を祀るようになりました。","In the early nineteenth century, along with other Sengen shrines, Kawaguchi Asama-jinja came to worship Konohanasakuya-hime, a flower goddess who is the daughter of the mountain deity Oyamatsumi. ","※「木花開耶」と「姫」の間にハイフンを使用。"]
[1466,"山梨県","一般社団法人富士五湖観光連盟","レジャー・アクティビティ","東海自然歩道","とうかいしぜんほどう","The Tokai Nature Trail","東海自然歩道は、東京から大阪までの全長1,697kmで、あらゆる種類の地形を通りますが、西湖の南の丘を行くコースは短く、景色もよく、また歩きやすいので、家族づれでのお出かけにも最適なコースです。","The Tokai Nature Trail, which extends 1,697 kilometers from Tokyo to Osaka, crosses all kinds of terrain, but the stretch through the hills south of Lake Saiko is short, scenic, and gentle enough for a family outing."]
[1467,"山梨県","一般社団法人富士五湖観光連盟","岩石・洞窟","鳴沢溶岩樹型","なるさわようがんじゅけい","Narusawa Lava Tree Molds","鳴沢溶岩樹型","Narusawa Lava Tree Molds","※スポット名"]
[1468,"山梨県","一般社団法人富士五湖観光連盟","その他","湖畔の春","こはんのはる","Kohan no haru","岡田の「湖畔の春」の写真により不朽の名声を得た風景は、今日でも見ることができます。","The scene immortalized by Okada’s Kohan no haru photograph can still be seen today. ","※斜体で表記。"]
[1469,"山梨県","一般社団法人富士五湖観光連盟","その他","庚申","かのえさる","Metal Monkey","庚申の年に富士山に登山することは、特に縁起が良いことだとされており、その年になると巡礼者の多くが富士山に登ります。(次の庚申の年は2040年です。) ","Climbing Mt. Fuji in the Year of the Metal Monkey is held to be especially auspicious, and many pilgrims make the ascent then. (The next such year will be 2040.)"]
[1470,"山梨県","一般社団法人富士五湖観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","北口本宮冨士浅間神社","きたぐちほんぐうふじせんげんじんじゃ","Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-Jinja Shrine","北口本宮冨士浅間神社","Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-Jinja Shrine","※スポット名"]
[1471,"山梨県","一般社団法人富士五湖観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","小御岳神社","こみたけじんじゃ","Komitake-jinja Shrine","小御岳神社","Komitake-jinja Shrine","※スポット名"]
[1472,"山梨県","一般社団法人富士五湖観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神輿","みこし","mikoshi","火祭りの間は、2基の神輿が町中を渡御します。","Two mikoshi (portable shrines) are carried through the streets during the fire festival. ","※斜体で表記。"]
[1473,"山梨県","一般社団法人富士五湖観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","金鳥居","かなどりい","Kanadorii Gate","金鳥居","Kanadorii Gate","※スポット名"]
[1474,"山梨県","一般社団法人富士五湖観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","御師","おし","oshi","鳥居の先の道路沿いには、御師と呼ばれた富士講信仰の指導者がかつて運営していた宿坊 (御師住宅) が数十軒と建ち並んでいました。","The street beyond the gate was once lined with dozens of pilgrims’ inns run by spiritual leaders of the Fujiko faith called oshi. ","※斜体で表記。"]
[1475,"山梨県","一般社団法人富士五湖観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","富士御室浅間神社","ふじおむろせんげんじんじゃ","Fuji Omuro Sengen-Jinja Shrine","富士御室浅間神社","Fuji Omuro Sengen-Jinja Shrine","※スポット名"]
[1476,"山梨県","一般社団法人富士五湖観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","富士講","ふじこう","Fujiko","こうした長期的な関係を保つために、御師はオフシーズンになると江戸などに出向き、富士講信者の家を訪問していました。","To maintain these permanent ties, oshi would spend the off-season traveling to Edo and elsewhere to visit Fujiko chapters at their homes."]
[1477,"山梨県","一般社団法人富士五湖観光連盟","岩石・洞窟","船津胎内樹型","ふなつたいないじゅけい","Funatsu Tainai Lava Tree Molds","船津胎内樹型","Funatsu Tainai Lava Tree Molds","※スポット名"]
[1478,"山梨県","一般社団法人富士五湖観光連盟","岩石・洞窟","吉田胎内樹型","よしだたいないじゅけい","Yoshida Tainai Lava Tree Molds","吉田胎内樹型","Yoshida Tainai Lava Tree Molds","※スポット名"]
[1479,"山梨県","一般社団法人富士五湖観光連盟","その他","富士スバルライン","ふじすばるらいん","Fuji-Subaru Line","富士スバルライン","Fuji-Subaru Line","※スポット名\n※「富士」と「スバルライン」の間にハイフンを使用。"]
[1480,"山梨県","一般社団法人富士五湖観光連盟","人物・人名・役職名","磐長姫","いわながひめ","Iwanaga-hime","小御岳神社は、富士山周辺の様々な神社に祀られている木花咲耶姫の姉、磐長姫を祀っています。","Komitake-jinja enshrines Iwanaga-hime, the older sister of the goddess Konohanasakuya-hime, who is enshrined at the various Sengen shrines around the mountain.","※「磐長」と「姫」の間にハイフンを使用。"]
[1481,"山梨県","一般社団法人富士五湖観光連盟","岩石・洞窟","鳴沢氷穴","なるさわひょうけつ","Narusawa Hyoketsu Ice Cave","鳴沢氷穴","Narusawa Hyoketsu Ice Cave","※スポット名"]
[1482,"山梨県","一般社団法人富士五湖観光連盟","岩石・洞窟","富岳風穴","ふがくふうけつ","Fugaku Fuketsu Wind Cave","富岳風穴","Fugaku Fuketsu Wind Cave","※スポット名"]
[1483,"山梨県","一般社団法人富士五湖観光連盟","岩石・洞窟","西湖コウモリ穴","さいここうもりあな","Saiko Bat Cave","西湖コウモリ穴","Saiko Bat Cave","※スポット名"]
[1484,"山梨県","一般社団法人富士五湖観光連盟","高原・湿原・原野","原始林","げんしりん","genshirin","この森林はかろうじて1,000年といったところで、その一部が未だに富士山の一部に見られる、原始林と呼ばれる昔の風景と取り変わったものです。","It is barely a millennium old, and replaced an earlier landscape called the genshirin or “original forest,” patches of which are still preserved on the mountain.","※斜体で表記。"]
[1485,"山梨県","一般社団法人富士五湖観光連盟","湖沼","忍野八海","おしのはっかい","Oshino Hakkai Springs","忍野八海","Oshino Hakkai Springs","※スポット名"]
[1486,"山梨県","一般社団法人富士五湖観光連盟","人物・人名・役職名","弘法大師","こうぼうだいし","Kobo Daishi","東円寺の歴史は9世紀初頭、有名な僧で、死後は弘法大師として知られるようになった空海が日本の東国巡錫に出たときに始まります。","The story of Toenji Temple begins in the early ninth century with a visit to eastern Japan by the renowned Buddhist monk Kukai, known posthumously as Kobo Daishi."]
[1487,"山梨県","一般社団法人富士五湖観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","忍草浅間神社","しぼくさせんげんじんじゃ","Shibokusa Sengen-jinja Shrine","忍草浅間神社","Shibokusa Sengen-jinja Shrine","※スポット名"]
[1488,"山梨県","一般社団法人富士五湖観光連盟","集落・街","月江寺界隈","げっこうじかいわい","Gekkoji Neighborhood","月江寺界隈","Gekkoji Neighborhood","※スポット名"]
[1489,"山梨県","一般社団法人富士五湖観光連盟","集落・街","ハタオリマチ","はたおりまち","hataori machi","富士吉田市は、その、1000年を超える織物生産の中心地、ハタオリマチとしての伝統を活用しています。","The city of Fujiyoshida embraces its heritage as a hataori machi, or “weaving city,” having been a center for textile production for over a thousand years.","※斜体で表記。"]
[1490,"山梨県","一般社団法人富士五湖観光連盟","食","吉田のうどん","よしだのうどん","Yoshida no udon","吉田のうどんとは、富士吉田の特徴的な料理です。","Yoshida no udon is a distinctive noodle dish from Fujiyoshida. "]
[1491,"山梨県","一般社団法人富士五湖観光連盟","食","ほうとう","ほうとう","hoto","ほうとうは、小麦粉でできた太い幅広麺で、野菜汁に入れて提供されます。","Hoto are thick, broad noodles made of wheat and served in a vegetable broth.","※斜体で表記。"]
[1492,"山梨県","一般社団法人富士五湖観光連盟","食","忍野そば","おしのそば","Oshino soba","忍野村には忍野そばという忍野村ならではの麺料理があります。","The village of Oshino has its own favored noodle dish called Oshino soba. "]
[1493,"山梨県","一般社団法人富士五湖観光連盟","建造物等","パノラマ台","ぱのらまだい","Panorama-dai Observation Point","近くのパノラマ台からは、ハイキングの苦しさを味わうに十分値する景色を楽しむことができます。","The nearby Panorama-dai Observation Point offers views that more than justify the challenging hike."]
[1494,"山梨県","都留市農泊推進協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","屋台","やたい","yatai","この巨大な木製の屋台は、毎年9月に開催される八朔祭で使用される、都留の伝統的な曳山（屋台）の1台です","This large wooden cart is one of Tsuru’s yatai, which are traditional parade floats.","※「yatai」を「parade floats」として説明していますが、基本的に「yatai」という日本語名を使っています。"]
[1495,"山梨県","都留市農泊推進協議会","植物","水掛菜","みずかけな","mizukakena","真冬に収穫されるカラシ菜の1種である、水掛菜という特産物の栽培にもこの水が利用されています。","This water is also used to grow a unique local product called mizukakena, a mustard plant harvested in the middle of winter."]
[1496,"山梨県","都留市農泊推進協議会","植物","梅花藻","バイカモ","baikamo","泉が流れ込む河川沿いには、いたる所にバイカモ（梅花藻）という、梅の花に似たラナンキュラスの1種が生えています。","Along the waterways fed by these springs grows baikamo, a species of ranunculus whose flowers resemble tiny plum blossoms. "]
[1497,"山梨県","都留市農泊推進協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","茶壷道中","ちゃつぼどうちゅう","Chatsubo Dochu","茶壷道中とは、宇治（京都）から江戸（現在の東京）へ日本最高品質のお茶を将軍家へ運ぶという、江戸時代(1603～1867)の習慣のことです。","Chatsubo Dochu refers to the Edo period (1603–1867) custom of transporting Japan’s highest quality tea from Uji (in the Kyoto area) to Edo (present-day Tokyo) for the shogun’s personal use.","※「茶壷道中」のような儀式に相当するものは英語圏にないため、「Chatsubo Dochu」とローマ字化し、説明を付け加えるという処理とさせていただきました。"]
[1498,"山梨県","都留市農泊推進協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","神楽","かぐら","kagura","文字通り「神のための娯楽」という神楽（かぐら）は伝統舞踊の一つで、最古の伝説に由来しています。","Kagura, literally “entertainment for the gods,” is a form of traditional dance tracing its history back to one of Japan’s oldest legends."]
[1499,"山梨県","都留市農泊推進協議会","自然現象","縄文","じょうもん","Jomon","都留市内で発見される多くの遺跡の中には、紀元前14,000〜300 の日本先史時代の縄文人のものがあります。","Among the many historical relics to be found in the city of Tsuru are those attributed to the Jomon people. This was a prehistoric society that existed in Japan from approximately 14,000 to 300 BC."]
[1500,"山梨県","都留市農泊推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","道祖神","どうそじん","Dosojin","特に注目すべきは2人組の道祖神で、これは旅行者の守護神と言われています。 ","Of particular note are the two-figure Dosojin stelae, which depict the guardian spirit of travelers, Dosojin, as two embracing figures."]
[1501,"山梨県","都留市農泊推進協議会","建造物等","庫裏","くり","kuri","いくつかの伝統的な木造構造の建物で構成されていますが、その中でも特に注目すべきものは庫裏や寺の厨房です。","The temple itself is composed of several beautifully constructed traditional wooden buildings. The most noteworthy is the kuri, or the temple kitchen."]
[1502,"山梨県","都留市農泊推進協議会","植物","ヤマブキ","やまぶき","yamabuki","寺の本堂の真後ろにある斜面は、5月上旬に明るい黄色の花が咲くヤマブキソウで覆われます。","The slopes directly behind the main hall of the temple are covered in a field of yamabuki grass (Kerria japonica), whose bright yellow flowers bloom at the beginning of May."]
[1503,"山梨県","都留市農泊推進協議会","社会","大名行列","だいみょうぎょうれつ","Daimyo Parade","毎年9月に開催される八朔祭の主なイベントの一つは、大名行列です。これは、数世紀前、藩主が江戸城を往復する際に都留で見られた、封建時代の行列を再現したものです。","A major event during the Hassaku Festival, held every year on September 1st, is the Daimyo Parade. This is a reenactment of the feudal parades one might have witnessed in Tsuru centuries ago, when the local lord would depart to or return from Edo Castle."]
[1504,"山梨県","都留市農泊推進協議会","建造物等","藤村","ふじむら","Fujimura","この建物の外観は、日本の伝統的な工法を保ちつつ、西洋建築を模した様式で建てられています。この様式は、藤村式と呼ばれ、西洋式が全国で大人気だった19世紀後半に流行しました。","The building’s construction imitates Western architecture in its exterior while maintaining traditional Japanese construction techniques. This style, called Fujimura, came into vogue in the late nineteenth century, a time when Western styles were gaining popularity across the country."]
[1505,"山梨県","都留市農泊推進協議会","建造物等","畳","たたみ","tatami","正面玄関は、土間と、高床の畳の間が特徴で、かつては仁科の絹商店でした。","The main entry features a dirt floor and a raised tatami (traditional Japanese mat) floor area, and was once Nishina’s silk shop."]
[1506,"山梨県","都留市農泊推進協議会","史跡","土偶","どぐう","Dogu","この時代のもう一つの重要な出土品は、小形山の中谷遺跡で発掘された耳飾りの人間粘土像です。この土偶は、その耳飾りをしているということで特に有名です。","Another important relic of this time is the Dogu, a human clay figure with ear decorations, which was excavated at the Nakaya Archaeological Site in Ogatayama."]
[1507,"山梨県","都留市農泊推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","富士講","ふじこう","Fujiko","富士山は長い間自然崇拝の対象でしたが、17世紀には富士講と呼ばれる新しい民俗宗教が登場しました。","Though the mountain had long been an object of nature worship, a new folk religion called Fujiko appeared in the seventeenth century, taking Mt. Fuji as its principal object of worship."]
[1508,"山梨県","都留市農泊推進協議会","動物","ムササビ","むささび","musasabi","石船神社は、ムササビが生息する場所としても知られています。この夜行性の動物は神社の周りの木々の中に住み、夕方になると食べ物を探しまわります。","Ishibune Shrine is also well known as a place where musasabi flying squirrels live. These nocturnal animals reside in the trees around the shrine, venturing out in the evenings to search for food."]
[1509,"山梨県","都留市農泊推進協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","八朔祭","はっさくまつり","Hassaku Festival","毎年開催される、生出神社の八朔祭（9月1日）では「屋台」が見どころの、壮大な祭礼行列が行われます。","Oide Shrine’s annual Hassaku Festival, held on September 1st, includes a magnificent festival parade featuring floats called yatai."]
[1510,"山梨県","都留市農泊推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","鳥文斎藤原栄之","ちょうぶんさいふじわらえいし","Chobunsai Fujiwara Eishi","仲町屋台の飾幕は、狩野派の侍画家、鳥文斎藤原栄之(1756～1829)による絵が特徴です。","The decorative curtain of the Nakamachi Yatai features an image created by Chobunsai Fujiwara Eishi (1756–1829), a samurai painter of the Kano school. "]
[1511,"山梨県","都留市農泊推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","仁科源太郎","にしなげんたろう","Nishina Gentaro","この建物は、20世紀初頭に、地元産の絹の取引で富を成した、仁科源太郎という都留の有名な商人の住居兼、店だったものです。","This building is the former home and business of Nishina Gentaro. He was a prominent Tsuru merchant who became wealthy in the early twentieth century by trading in locally-produced silks. "]
[1512,"山梨県","都留市農泊推進協議会","河川・渓谷","柄杓流川","しゃくながれがわ","Shakunagare River\n","柄杓流川は、文字通りだと「柄杓の流れ」を意味し、これにも古い言い伝えがあります。","The Shakunagare River, whose name literally means “Ladle Flow,” also has an old legend attached to it."]
[1513,"山梨県","都留市農泊推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","高山伝右衛門","たかやまでんえもん","Takayama Den’emon","火事の後、家を失った芭蕉は、この地を統治していた大名の家老である、弟子の高山伝右衛門に招待されて、谷村（現在の都留）へ旅に出ました。","Following the fire, the now homeless Basho traveled to the village of Yamura (present-day Tsuru), invited by his pupil Takayama Den’emon, a minister to the feudal lord who ruled this area."]
[1514,"山梨県","都留市農泊推進協議会","河川・渓谷","蒼竜峡","そうりゅうきょう","Soryu Gorge","川の一部では、青い水が狭い火山の渓谷を曲がりくねって流れ、まるで青い竜のように見えます。","Not far downstream from the pool is Soryu Gorge, a section of river whose blue waters wind through a narrow volcanic gorge, resembling the image of a blue dragon."]
[1515,"山梨県","都留市農泊推進協議会","山岳","御正体山","みしょうたいさん","Mishotai Mountain","御正体山(1682 メートル)は、神道と仏教の両方に関連する聖地で、日本の名山200の1つとみなされています。","The trailhead to Mishotai Mountain (1682 m), a holy site connected with both Shinto and Buddhism and considered one of Japan’s top 200 famous mountains, can be found at the base of the valley. "]
[1516,"山梨県","都留市農泊推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","徳富蘇峰","とくとみそほう","Tokutomi Soho","影響力のあった、20世紀初頭のジャーナリスト徳富蘇峰(1863-1957)は、都留を訪れた際、その美しさに魅せられました。","When the influential early twentieth-century journalist Tokutomi Soho (1863–1957) visited Tsuru, he was enchanted by the gorge’s beauty. "]
[1517,"山梨県","都留市農泊推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","御正体権現","みしょうたいごんげん","Mishotai Gongen","さらに御正体山は養蚕の守護神である御正体権現として崇拝されるようになりました。","More recently, Mishotai Mountain came to be venerated as Mishotai Gongen, the guardian deity of silkworm farming."]
[1518,"山梨県","都留市農泊推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","菅原道真","すがわらみちざね","Sugawara no Michizane","ここに祀られている霊は、今から千年以上前に活躍していた学者・政治家の菅原道真（845-903年）の霊です。","The spirit enshrined here is that of Sugawara no Michizane (845–903), a scholar and statesman who lived more than 1000 years ago. "]
[1519,"山梨県","都留市農泊推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","天照大神","あまてらすのおおかみ","Amaterasu no Omikami","その昔、太陽の女神である天照大神（あまてらすおおみかみ）は、弟と争った後、洞窟に隠れ、その結果、世界は暗闇に投げ込まれてしまいました。","As the story goes, long ago the sun goddess Amaterasu no Omikami hid herself in a cave to sulk after a dispute with her brother, thus casting the world into darkness."]
[1520,"山梨県","都留市農泊推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","松尾芭蕉","まつおばしょう","Matsuo Basho","この小さな建物は、有名な俳人、松尾芭蕉(1644～1694)が住んだ「桃林軒」を復元したものです。 芭蕉は武士の家に生まれましたが、文学を追求するために地位や特権を放棄しました。彼は俳句にミニマリズムの美学を導入し、単なる娯楽であった俳句を洗練された芸術に高めました。","This small building is a reconstruction of Torinken, or “Peach Grove House,” where the famed haiku master Matsuo Basho (1644–1694) once stayed. Born to a samurai family, Basho abandoned his status and its privileges to pursue a literary life. During his career, he introduced minimalist aesthetics to the haiku form, transforming what had been considered a simple literary pastime into a sophisticated art form."]
[1521,"山梨県","都留市農泊推進協議会","史跡","牛石","うしいし","Ushiishi","都留にあるこの時代の多く遺跡の1つは、桂川と大幡川の合流する厚原（あつはら）周辺に、直径50mのリング状の配石遺構がある牛石遺跡です。 ","One of Tsuru’s many relics from this period are the Ushiishi, a group of rocks arranged in a ring shape. "]
[1522,"山梨県","都留市農泊推進協議会","湖沼","叶が池","かのうがいけ","Kanogaike","本堂裏の丘には小さな池があり、「叶が池（かのうがいけ）」と呼ばれています。","On the hillside behind and to the left of the temple’s Main Hall lies a small pond known as Kanogaike, whose name literally means “Wish-Granting Pond.”"]
[1523,"山梨県","都留市農泊推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","葛飾北斎","かつしかほくさい","Katsushika Hokusai","毎年9月に開かれる八朔祭の間、市の通りを手で引いていく、木製の巨大な屋台で、都留市の誇りです。葛飾北斎(1760～1849)のような、19世紀の著名な画家が下絵を描いた、見事な幕が特徴です。","The festival floats are the pride of the city and feature exquisite curtains with pictures drafted by famous nineteenth-century painters such as Katsushika Hokusai (c. 1760–1849)."]
[1524,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","社会","参勤交代","さんきんこうたい","sankin kotai","中山道には、太平洋岸に沿って伸び、歩きやすかった東海道ほどの利用者はいませんでしたが、2年毎に大名を各自の国から参勤させた参勤交代制度においては重要な役割を果たしていました。"," Although it was not as heavily traveled as the easier Tokaido route, which ran along the Pacific coast, the Nakasendo played a crucial part in the sankin kotai system, which required the feudal lords to travel from their domains to Edo every second year.","※斜体で表記。"]
[1525,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","建造物等","出梁造り","だしばりづくり","dashibari-zukuri","また道幅を妨げることなく居住空間を最大化できるようにせり出した2階部分を支える、出梁造りという張り出した梁にもご注目ください。","Notice also the protruding beams called dashibari-zukuri that support an overhanging second floor to maximize living space while maintaining road width.","※斜体で表記。"]
[1526,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","人物・人名・役職名","地蔵","じぞう","jizo","延命堂とは、「長寿のお堂」を意味し、 人々は地蔵尊に長寿を祈願していました。","Enmei-do means “Hall of Long Life.” A prayer to jizo is a prayer for a long life.","※斜体で表記。"]
[1527,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","山岳","天台山","てんだいさん","Mount Tiantai","唐朝期 (618年～907年) に天台山の近くに住んでいた寒山と拾得というふたりの道教僧が描かれており、このふたりは中国と日本の水墨画で好んで描かれた題材でした。","It depicts Kanzan and Jittoku, two Taoist immortals who lived near the sacred Mount Tiantai during the Tang dynasty (618–907); they were a popular subject of Chinese and Japanese ink paintings."]
[1528,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","建造物等","桝形","ますがた","masugata","この仕掛けは枡形として知られ、(文字通り「箱型」です)、米の計量に使われた正方形の木製の箱、枡にちなんでいます。","This feature was known as a masugata (literally “box shape”), after masu, a square wooden box used to measure rice.","※斜体で表記。"]
[1529,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","本堂","ほんどう","hondo","本堂、厨房と庫裡は、いずれも江戸時代 (1603年～1868年) に建設されたものです。","Both the main hall (hondo) and the temple kitchen and residence (kuri) date from the Edo period (1603 –1868).","※斜体で表記。"]
[1530,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","建造物等","鬼瓦","おにがわら","oni-gawara","悪霊を撃退させるために瓦屋根の棟の端に設置された、重量120kgの鬼瓦のひとつが境内に展示されています。","One of the 120-kilogram ridge-end oni-gawara “demon” tiles—intended to ward off evil—from the previous roof is on display in the temple yard. ","※斜体で表記。"]
[1531,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","集落・街","一石栃","いちこくとち","Ichikokutochi","この番所が1749年に洪水で流された際には、さらに数キロ南の一石栃に再建され、1869年まで稼働していました。","When that was washed away in a flood in 1749, the checkpoint was rebuilt a few kilometers further south in Ichikokutochi , where it operated until 1869."]
[1532,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","岩石・洞窟","鯉岩","こいいわ","Carp Rock","地すべりによってここまで流れてきたであろうこの大きな岩は、鯉岩として知られています。","This large rock, probably brought here by a landslide, is known as Carp Rock."]
[1533,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","建造物等","高札場","こうさつば","kosatsuba","江戸時代 (1603年～1868年) には、幕府からの布告が書かれた尖頂のある木札、高札を掲示するこのような高札場がどの町にもありました。","During the Edo period (1603–1868), every town had its own kosatsuba, or public noticeboard, where national edicts were displayed on peaked wooden tablets like this one. ","※斜体で表記。"]
[1534,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","その他","中山道","なかせんどう","Nakasendo ","中山道は、江戸時代 (1603年～1868年) に幕府の管理下にあった江戸と各地を結び道路網を形成していた5つの街道、五街道のひとつでした。","The Nakasendo was one of the Gokaido—the five highways that formed the network of centrally administered roads linking the city of Edo to the provinces during the Edo period (1603–1868)."]
[1535,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","建造物等","立場茶屋","たてばじゃや","Tateba-Jaya ","立場茶屋","Tateba-Jaya ","※スポット名として使用。\n※「立場」と「茶屋」の間にハイフンを使用。\n※立場茶屋の紹介文では、「The tea house」を使用。"]
[1536,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","史跡","一石栃白木改番所跡","いちこくとちしらきあらためばんしょ","Site of the Ichikokutochi Shiraki-Aratame Guard House","一石栃白木改番所跡","Site of the Ichikokutochi Shiraki-Aratame Guard House","※スポット名として使用。\n※「白木」と「改番所」の間にハイフンを使用。"]
[1537,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","人物・人名・役職名","子安観音","こやすかんのん","Koyasu Kannon","多数ある観音菩薩のひとつ、子安観音は、子授け、安産と子育てを助けてくれる観音様です。","One of the many forms of Kannon, the goddess of mercy, Koyasu Kannon grants fertility and safe delivery, and assists with childrearing."]
[1538,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神居木","かもいぎ","kamoigi","このような木は、神居木、つまり神様の宿る木として知られています。","Such trees are known as kamoigi, literally “the-gods-reside-here” trees.","※斜体で表記。"]
[1539,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","植物","停止木","ちょうじぼく","chojiboku","これら、保護の対象となっていた樹木は、停止木 (ちょうじぼく) とも呼ばれていました。","Another name for these protected trees is chojiboku, which literally means “stop tree.”","※斜体で表記。"]
[1540,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","滝","男滝・女滝","おたき・めたき","Otaki and Metaki Waterfalls ","男滝・女滝","Otaki and Metaki Waterfalls ","※スポット名として使用。"]
[1541,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","倉科祖霊社","くらしなそれいしゃ","Kurashina Ancestral Shrine","倉科祖霊社","Kurashina Ancestral Shrine","※スポット名として使用。"]
[1542,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","集落・街","大妻籠","おおつまご","Otsumago","大妻籠は、妻籠 (2km北) と、男埵川沿いの馬籠 (8km南) の間に位置しています。","Otsumago stands between Tsumago (2 kilometers to the north), and Magome (8 kilometers to the south) on River Otaru."]
[1543,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","史跡","石柱道標","せきちゅうどうひょう","Stone Marker Post ","石柱道標","Stone Marker Post","※スポット名として使用。"]
[1544,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","城跡・城郭・宮殿","山城","やまじろ","yamajiro","妻籠城は、自然の地形の防御的利点を利用して山に作られた要塞、山城でした。","Tsumago Castle was a yamajiro, a mountain fortress that exploited the natural terrain for defensive advantage.","※斜体で表記。"]
[1545,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","史跡","上久保の一里塚","うわくぼのいちりづか","Uwakubo Distance Marker","上久保の一里塚","Uwakubo Distance Marker","※スポット名として使用。"]
[1546,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","かぶと観音","かぶとかんのん","Helmet Bodhisattva","かぶと観音","Helmet Bodhisattva","※スポット名として使用。"]
[1547,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","食","どぶろく","どぶろく","doburoku","ここは、どぶろくという未濾過のにごり酒が一般的だった江戸時代 (1600年～1868年) に透明の清酒を生み出したことで有名になった革新的な酒造家、遠山氏の酒蔵があった場所です。","This was once the site of the Toyama Brewery, an innovative brewery that was famous in the Edo period (1603–1868) for making clear sake (seishu) at a time when the cloudy unfiltered version known as doburoku was more common. ","※斜体で表記。"]
[1548,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","史跡","園原先生の碑","そのはらせんせいのひ","Sonohara Monument","園原先生の碑","Sonohara Monument","※スポット名として使用。"]
[1549,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","工芸・美術品","天神像","てんじんぞう","Tenjin-zo","左から右の順に、学問の神の像、天神像 (左)、僧の食糧の面倒を見、厨房のかまどの上に設置 (そのために煤汚れています) されていた韋駄天像 (中央)、そして、15人の童子 (現在は7体が紛失しています) を従えた音楽、詩や芸術の女神、弁財天の弁財天十五童子像 (右) 。","From left to right, these are Tenjin-zo, the god of scholarship (left); Idaten-zo, the god who takes care of monks’ provisions (this was placed above the kitchen hearth, hence its smoke-blackened state) (center); and Benzaiten Jugo Doji-zo, representing Benzaiten, the goddess of music, poetry and art, who in this manifestation is normally represented with 15 little children, though seven are missing here (right).","※斜体で表記なし。\n※「天神」と「像」の間はハイフンを使用。"]
[1550,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","工芸・美術品","韋駄天像","いだてんぞう","Idaten-zo","左から右の順に、学問の神の像、天神像 (左)、僧の食糧の面倒を見、厨房のかまどの上に設置 (そのために煤汚れています) されていた韋駄天像 (中央)、そして、15人の童子 (現在は7体が紛失しています) を従えた音楽、詩や芸術の女神、弁財天の弁財天十五童子像 (右) 。","From left to right, these are Tenjin-zo, the god of scholarship (left); Idaten-zo, the god who takes care of monks’ provisions (this was placed above the kitchen hearth, hence its smoke-blackened state) (center); and Benzaiten Jugo Doji-zo, representing Benzaiten, the goddess of music, poetry and art, who in this manifestation is normally represented with 15 little children, though seven are missing here (right).","※斜体で表記なし。\n※「韋駄天」と「像」の間はハイフンを使用。"]
[1551,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","工芸・美術品","弁財天十五童子像","べんざいてんじゅうごどうじぞう"," Benzaiten Jugo Doji-zo","左から右の順に、学問の神の像、天神像 (左)、僧の食糧の面倒を見、厨房のかまどの上に設置 (そのために煤汚れています) されていた韋駄天像 (中央)、そして、15人の童子 (現在は7体が紛失しています) を従えた音楽、詩や芸術の女神、弁財天の弁財天十五童子像 (右) 。","From left to right, these are Tenjin-zo, the god of scholarship (left); Idaten-zo, the god who takes care of monks’ provisions (this was placed above the kitchen hearth, hence its smoke-blackened state) (center); and Benzaiten Jugo Doji-zo, representing Benzaiten, the goddess of music, poetry and art, who in this manifestation is normally represented with 15 little children, though seven are missing here (right).","※斜体で表記なし。\n※「童子」と「像」の間はハイフンを使用。"]
[1552,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","建造物等","本陣","ほんじん","primary inn (honjin) ","鮎沢家は、この跡地にあった大名、公家や幕府の役人のための本陣を勤めていました。","The Aizawa family ran the primary inn (honjin) for daimyo lords, nobles, and shogunal officials, which stood on this site.","※「honjin」は斜体で表記。\n※文中は「primary inn」のみの使用も可能。"]
[1553,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","建造物等","脇本陣","わきほんじん","secondary inn (waki-honjin)","木曽にある11の宿場町のすべてに、大名、公家や幕府の役人が宿泊した本陣と、脇本陣の双方があります。","All 11 of the post towns in Kiso had both a primary inn (honjin) for feudal lords, court nobles, and shogunate officials  and a secondary inn (waki-honjin).","※「waki-honjin」は斜体で表記。\n※「脇」と「本陣」の間はハイフンを使用。\n※文中は「secondary inn」のみの使用も可能。"]
[1554,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","その他","与川道","よがわみち","Yogawa-michi","与川道は、木曽川に沿って延びていた中山道が地滑りや洪水により通行できない時に旅人が迂回路として使っていました。1731年の資料によると、与川道沿いには、位の高い人が少し休憩を取ることのできる休憩所がここ松原のほかに、根の上峠と桃木峠の3ヶ所にありました。","The Yogawa-michi was an alternative route that was used by travelers when the Nakasendo, which ran alongside the Kiso River, was impassable due to landslides or floods. According to documents from 1731, there were three places along the Yogawa-michi where persons of rank could take a little rest: this one at Matsubara, another at Ne-no-Ue Pass, and the third at Momo-no-Ki Pass.","※「与川」と「道」の間はハイフンを使用。"]
[1555,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","阿弥陀堂","あみだどう","Amidado Temple","阿弥陀堂","Amidado Temple","※スポット名として使用。"]
[1556,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","建造物等","欄干","らんかん","rankan","かつてここに架かっていた橋には非常に顕著な特徴、欄干が備わっており、これを受けてその周辺地域の地名も「らんかん」と呼ばれるようになりました。","The bridge that once stood here, however, had railings (rankan), a feature so remarkable that the surrounding area, Rankan, was named for it.","※斜体で表記。"]
[1557,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","建造物等","石仏道標","せきぶつどうひょう","Stone Signpost","石仏道標","Stone Signpost","※スポット名として使用。"]
[1558,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","史跡","人馬会所","じんばかいしょ","jimbakaisho","馬や荷物運搬人を旅人に提供した問屋の権利も共有していました。","They also shared in the responsibilities of the jimbakaisho, or the provision of horses and porters to travelers. ","※斜体で表記。"]
[1559,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","建造物等","囲炉裏","いろり","Irori","玄関の右側には囲炉裏が上段の板の間に設えられた、囲炉裏の間があります。","To the right of the entrance is the irori no ma, or hearth, on the raised wooden floor.","※斜体で表記。"]
[1560,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","建造物等","上段の間","じょうだんのま"," jodan-no-ma","宿泊施設部分の中で特に興味深いものは、大名が就寝した上段の間です。","Of particular interest in the guest quarters is the jodan-no-ma (“the raised-floor-level room”), which is where feudal lords would sleep. ","※斜体で表記。\n※「上段」と「の」と「間」の間にハイフンを使用。"]
[1561,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","史跡","問屋","とんや","tonya","運営全体を取りまとめていた者は問屋と呼ばれていました。","The person in charge of the overall operation was known as the tonya. ","※斜体で表記。"]
[1562,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","建造物等","桃介橋","ももすけばし","Momosuke Bridge","桃介橋","Momosuke Bridge"]
[1563,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","植物","ナギソミツバツツジ","なぎそみつばつつじ","Nagiso mitsuba tsutsuji","その中には、この地方の固有種で稀少なナギソミツバツツジが含まれています。","Among them is Nagiso mitsuba tsutsuji, a rare variety unique to this region.","※斜体で表記。 "]
[1564,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","廿三夜塔","にじゅうさんやとう","Tower of the 23rd Night","廿三夜塔","Tower of the 23rd Night","※スポット名として使用。"]
[1565,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","建造物等","木賃宿","きちんやど","kichin-yado","当時は木を購入した者を地主が宿泊させていたため、この宿は、文字通り「木で宿賃を払う宿」という意味の木賃宿として知られていました。","It was known as a kichin-yado, literally “an inn where you pay in wood,” since the purchase of wood from the landlord would allow one to spend the night.","※斜体で表記。\n※「木賃」と「宿」の間にハイフンを使用。"]
[1566,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","建造物等","座敷","ざしき","zashiki","中間部分には囲炉裏があり、その奥には畳敷きの座敷があります。","In the middle third is the irori hearth; the zashiki, or tatami-floored rooms, are at the back of the house. ","※斜体で表記。"]
[1567,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","建造物等","千本格子","せんぼんこうし","senbon-koshi","この郵便局では、道路まで張り出た2階部分を外部まで突き出した梁で支えている、出梁造りという構造や、千本格子などの昔ながらの宿場町建築の特徴が多数見られ、また、その外には1870年代風の黒い郵便ポストも設えられています。その外観は昔ながらのものですが、実際にはこの建物は1979年に警察署の跡地に建設されたものです。","This post office displays many of the hallmarks of classic post-town architecture: an overhanging upper story supported by protruding beams (dashibari-zukuri); windows decorated with fine wooden lattice work (senbon-koshi); and even an 1870s-style black postbox outside. Despite its old-world appearance, the building actually dates from 1979, when it was constructed on the site of the former police station.","※斜体で表記。\n※「千本」と「格子」の間はハイフンを使用。"]
[1568,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","建造物等","長屋","ながや","nagaya","この19世紀初めに建てられた家は、遠く離れた道路までずっと並ぶ長屋【の一部】です。","This house, which dates from the early nineteenth century, is a nagaya row house that extends a long way back.","※斜体で表記。"]
[1569,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","拝殿","はいでん","haiden","この神社では、拝殿の片側だけにそびえる2本の大杉がその大きな特徴となっています。","Two enormous cedar trees that stand just to one side of the haiden (hall of worship) make this shrine special. ","※斜体で表記。"]
[1570,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","本殿","ほんでん","honden","道路から本殿へと続く合計448段の石段も大木と同様に見事です。","The stone staircase from the road up to the honden (main sanctuary) is no less impressive, with a total of 448 steps.","※斜体で表記。"]
[1571,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","テーマ施設等","山の歴史館","やまのれきしかん","Yama no Rekishikan History Museum","山の歴史館","Yama no Rekishikan History Museum","※スポット名として使用。"]
[1572,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","人物・人名・役職名","桃介","ももすけ","Momosuke","木曽川の勾配と、力強い水流を見た桃介は「一河川一会社主義」という概念を思いつきました。 ","The gradient and vigorous current of the Kiso River inspired Momosuke to come up with the concept of “one river, one company.”","※本名は福沢桃介だが、通称「桃介」であるため、英文も彼を表す場合は「Momosuke」を使用。"]
[1573,"長野県","妻籠宿連絡調整会議","人物・人名・役職名","貞奴","さだやっこ","Sadayakko","貞奴は、音次郎の一座に加わり、欧米興行をした際に女優としての名声を手にしました。","Sadayakko became famous as an actress in the United States and Europe while touring with Kawakami’s troupe.","※本名は川上貞奴だが、通称「貞奴」であるため、英文も彼女を表す場合は「Sadayakko」を使用。"]
[1574,"長野県","長野市多言語解説協議会","建造物等","剣術所","けんじゅつしょ","Kenjutsusho","当時、剣術は非常に重視されており、1863年に剣術所と北側の東序をつなぐことで、訓練のための場所が一時的に拡張されました。","Kenjutsu was heavily emphasized at the time, and in 1863 the space for training was expanded for a time by connecting the Kenjutsusho to the classroom building to its north."]
[1575,"長野県","長野市多言語解説協議会","建造物等","柔術所","じゅうじゅつしょ","Jujutsusho","柔術所は校門の左側すみにあり、生徒たちが柔術を訓練した場所です。","The Jujutsusho is situated in the corner to the left of the entrance gate, and is where students trained in jujitsu."]
[1576,"長野県","長野市多言語解説協議会","建造物等","槍術所","槍術所","Sojutsusho ","学校で最大の武道場である槍術所では、生徒は槍、後に銃の技術を学んでいました。","In the Sojutsusho building, in the school’s largest martial arts training room, students learned techniques using yari (spears) and, later, guns. "]
[1577,"長野県","長野市多言語解説協議会","建造物等","弓術所","きゅうじゅつしょ","Kyujutsusho","弓術所は、日本の「弓道」の稽古専用に建てられました。","The Kyujutsusho was built specifically for training in Japanese archery. "]
[1578,"長野県","長野市多言語解説協議会","集落・街","門前町","もんぜんまち","monzen-machi","これらの集落は門前町（お寺の門の前にある町）と呼ばれるようになりました。","These villages came to be called monzen-machi, meaning “town in front of the (temple) gate.”"]
[1579,"長野県","長野市多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","宿坊","しゅくぼう","shukubo","これらの町の宿坊は茅葺屋根の大きな建物で、一般的にお寺と宿の両方を性質を持ち合わせた場所となっていました。","The shukubo of these villages were large, thatch-roofed buildings and generally combined both a temple and inn under one roof. "]
[1580,"長野県","長野市多言語解説協議会","年中行事","神楽","かぐら","kagura","宝光社の社殿の正面中央には、「天岩戸の伝説」を描いた伝統的な踊りである、神楽の舞台があります。","Front and center inside Hokosha’s main building is a stage for the Kagura, a traditional dance depicting the legend of Ama no Iwato, “the stone door of heaven.”"]
[1581,"長野県","長野市多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","奥社","おくしゃ"," Okusha Shrine ","「参道」と呼ばれる奥社へ行く道は、大きな木製の鳥居から始まり、何世紀にもわたって聖地とされてきた森の中を2km歩いていくことになります。","The approach to Okusha Shrine, called the sando, starts at the large wooden torii gate and runs for two kilometers through forest that has for centuries been considered sacred ground. "]
[1582,"長野県","長野市多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","中社","ちゅうしゃ","Chusha Shrine","奥社と宝光社の間に位置する中社では、知恵の神様である八意思兼神が祀られています。","Chusha Shrine, located centrally between Okusha and Hokosha shrines, is dedicated to Ame no Yagokoro Omoikane, the deity of wisdom and intelligence."]
[1583,"長野県","長野市多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","宝光社","ほうこうしゃ","Hokosha Shrine","奥社への道に沿い、中社と宝光社のある地域では、僧侶たちは戸隠への参拝者が食事をとって寝ることができる宿坊をいくつか作りました。","Along the path to Okusha Shrine and in the areas facing Chusha and Hokosha shrines, monks established a number of shukubo, inns where pilgrims to Togakushi could eat and sleep."]
[1584,"長野県","長野市多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","霊屋","たまや","Mausoleum","長国寺の境内には5つの真田の霊屋は建てられました。","Five Sanada mausoleums were built on the grounds of Chokokuji."]
[1585,"長野県","長野市多言語解説協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","戸隠流","とがくれりゅう","Togakure-ryu","戸隠独自の流派である「戸隠流」は、忍術が生まれてすぐに始まったとされています。","Togakure-ryu, a school of ninjutsu unique to Togakushi, began in the earliest stages of ninjutsu’s development."]
[1586,"長野県","長野市多言語解説協議会","食","ぼっち盛り","ぼっちもり","botchi-mori","現在、戸隠では蕎麦は五つのわっか状にして竹ざるに盛り提供されます。これはぼっち盛りと呼ばれて戸隠特有のものです。","Today, soba noodles in Togakushi are usually served in five looped portions on a bamboo tray. This serving style is known as botchi-mori, and is unique to Togakushi. "]
[1587,"長野県","長野市多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","山岳信仰","さんがくしんこう","sangaku shinko","それは山岳信仰というさらに古い信仰も含まれています。これは、戸隠山と飯縄山を対象にしていたもので、戸隠神社の基礎をなしました。","It also includes the yet more ancient mountain beliefs of sangaku shinko, which were focused on Mt. Togakushi and Mt. Iizuna, and became the foundation for the shrines of Togakushi."]
[1588,"長野県","長野市多言語解説協議会","植物","根曲がり竹","ねまがりだけ","curved-root bamboo","この竹は特にしなやかで根の部分が曲がっています。これらの特徴により冬の豪雪でも折れることなく、しなやかに曲がります。このため、チシマザサは地元では「根曲り竹」という通称でも呼ばれています。","This bamboo is particularly supple, with stalks that are curved at the bottom, two special qualities that allow it to lie flat rather than breaking when weighed down by the heavy winter snows. Its local nickname is nemagari-take, or “curved-root bamboo.”"]
[1589,"長野県","長野市多言語解説協議会","建造物等","松代藩文武学校","まつしろはんぶんぶがっこう"," Matsushiro Literary and Military School ","武学校は、江戸時代に作られた250校以上の学校のうち、現在もほぼ完全に残っている唯一の学校です。","The Matsushiro Literary and Military School stands as the only one of over 250 such schools from the Edo period that has survived almost completely in its entirety."]
[1590,"長野県","長野市多言語解説協議会","庭園・公園","妙高戸隠連山国立公園","みょうこうとがくしれんざんこくりつこうえん","Myoko-Togakushi Renzan National Park","豊富な年間降雪量によって、妙高戸隠連山国立公園は、さまざまな冬のアウトドアアクティビティを行うことができます。","With appreciable annual snowfall, Myoko-Togakushi Renzan National Park offers a variety of outdoor winter activities."]
[1591,"長野県","長野市多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","五社巡り","ごしゃめぐり","Go-sha Meguri","五社巡りとは、宝光社から奥社までの戸隠五社を訪れる10キロメートルのコースです。","The Go-sha Meguri is a 10-kilometer path that visits the five shrines of Togakushi, from Hokosha to Okusha."]
[1592,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）志賀高原地域観光資源の多言語解説整備協議会","温泉","間欠泉","かんけつせん","geyser","大多数の間欠泉が数分～数時間ごとの一定の間隔で噴き出すのとは異なり、この噴泉は高さ20メートルに達する水柱を絶えず放出しており、川底から発せられるその水の温度は摂氏90度を超える。","Unlike most geysers, which erupt at intervals ranging from a few minutes to several hours, it emits a continuous plume of water that can reach 20 meters in height and exits the riverbed at more than 90 degrees Celsius. "]
[1593,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）志賀高原地域観光資源の多言語解説整備協議会","温泉","硫黄","いおう","sulfur","ナトリウム、硫黄、硫酸カルシウムが豊富に含まれており、ミネラルが結晶化した沈殿物が噴泉口の周りに堆積するため、口が塞がれないよう定期的に取り除く必要がある。","The water is rich in sodium, sulfur, and calcium sulfate, and crystalline mineral deposits that accumulate around the geyser’s mouth must be periodically removed to ensure it does not become blocked."]
[1594,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）志賀高原地域観光資源の多言語解説整備協議会","温泉","硫酸カルシウム","りゅうさんカルシウム","calcium sulfate","ナトリウム、硫黄、硫酸カルシウムが豊富に含まれており、ミネラルが結晶化した沈殿物が噴泉口の周りに堆積するため、口が塞がれないよう定期的に取り除く必要がある。","The water is rich in sodium, sulfur, and calcium sulfate, and crystalline mineral deposits that accumulate around the geyser’s mouth must be periodically removed to ensure it does not become blocked."]
[1595,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）志賀高原地域観光資源の多言語解説整備協議会","動物","ニホンザル","にほんざる","Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata)","ニホンザル（Macaca fuscata）、別名「スノーモンキー」は日本固有の種で、ヒトを除く霊長類としては世界で最も北に生息するサルである。","Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata), or “snow monkeys,” are species endemic to Japan and the world’s northernmost nonhuman primates. "]
[1596,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）志賀高原地域観光資源の多言語解説整備協議会","自然現象","銀化現象","ぎんかげんしょう","iridescence","このグラスは珍しい銀化現象によって、その生来の美しさがいっそう増している。これは何世紀もの間地下に埋まっていたことでもたらされたものである。","The glass objects’ natural beauty is enhanced by their rare iridescence, which is acquired during centuries spent buried underground."]
[1597,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）志賀高原地域観光資源の多言語解説整備協議会","温泉","湯花","ゆばな","“water flowers” ","小さな浴場にはそれぞれ異なる源泉が引かれており、たとえば、渋大湯（しぶおおゆ）では鉄分が豊富で茶色く濁ったお湯、七操の湯（ななくりのゆ）では、湯花（ゆばな）と呼ばれる赤みがかった鉱物の沈殿物が所々に浮かんだ無色透明のお湯など、さまざまな温泉を試すことができる。","The small bathhouses are fed by several different sources and offer a range of different waters, from the murky, iron-rich brown baths at Shibu-Ōyu to the clear waters at Nanakuri no Yu that are flecked with bits of reddish mineral deposits called “water flowers” (yubana). "]
[1598,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）志賀高原地域観光資源の多言語解説整備協議会","温泉","九湯めぐり","きゅうとうめぐり","“nine-water pilgrimage”","この地区にある旅館の宿泊者なら誰でも、9つの浴場すべてを巡る「九湯めぐり（きゅうとうめぐり）」を無料で試すことができる。","Guests at any of the local inns can freely attempt the “nine-water pilgrimage” (kyūtō meguri), a tour of all nine bathhouses."]
[1599,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）志賀高原地域観光資源の多言語解説整備協議会","温泉","養遐齢","ようかれい","“waters of longevity”","湯田中温泉（ゆだなかおんせん）は、650年頃に智由（ちゆう）という名の僧によって発見され、養遐齢（ようかれい）（長命長寿の湯）と名付けられた。","The hot springs at Yudanaka Onsen were discovered around 650 by a monk named Chiyū, who dubbed them “waters of longevity” (yōkarei)."]
[1600,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）志賀高原地域観光資源の多言語解説整備協議会","人物・人名・役職名","日光菩薩","にっこうぼさつ","Bodhisattva of Sunlight ","寺の本堂の中央には医薬の仏である薬師如来像があり、その両脇に日光菩薩と月光菩薩の像が祀られている。","In the temple’s main sanctuary, the central image is of Yakushi Nyorai, the Medicine Buddha, who is flanked by the Bodhisattva of Sunlight (nikkōbosatsu) and the Bodhisattva of Moonlight (gakkōbosatsu)."]
[1601,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）志賀高原地域観光資源の多言語解説整備協議会","人物・人名・役職名","月光菩薩","がっこうぼさつ","Bodhisattva of Moonlight","寺の本堂の中央には医薬の仏である薬師如来像があり、その両脇に日光菩薩と月光菩薩の像が祀られている。","In the temple’s main sanctuary, the central image is of Yakushi Nyorai, the Medicine Buddha, who is flanked by the Bodhisattva of Sunlight (nikkōbosatsu) and the Bodhisattva of Moonlight (gakkōbosatsu)."]
[1602,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）志賀高原地域観光資源の多言語解説整備協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","手印","しゅいん","gesture","精神の清らかさと悟りの象徴である蓮の花の上に立った姿で、相手を受け入れて守護する意味の手印を結んでいる","Kannon is depicted here standing on a lotus blossom, a symbol of spiritual purity and enlightenment. The deity’s hands are held in a gesture (or mudra) representing welcome and protection."]
[1603,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）志賀高原地域観光資源の多言語解説整備協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","線香","せんこう","sticks of incense","通常、祠で祈る際は線香を供えるが、遊女たちは代わりに煙草に火をつけて供えていた。","Normally, sticks of incense are burned as offerings when praying at a shrine, but the sex workers offered cigarettes instead. "]
[1604,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）志賀高原地域観光資源の多言語解説整備協議会","温泉","銭湯","せんとう","sentō","大半の家庭に風呂が設置される前の時代、銭湯は小都市でも大都会でもよく見かけた設備であり、今でも日本文化の1つとして大切に愛されている。","In the days before most private residences had plumbing, public baths were a common fixture of both towns and cities, and sentō are still a cherished part of Japanese culture."]
[1605,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）志賀高原地域観光資源の多言語解説整備協議会","山岳","北アルプス","きたあるぷす","Northern Japanese Alps","このコースでは、北アルプスと、長野県北部にある北信五岳（ほくしんごがく）の総称で知られる、飯縄山（いいづなやま）、戸隠山（とがくしやま）、黒姫山（くろひめやま）、妙高山（みょうこうさん）、斑尾山（まだらおやま）の5つの主峰すべての絶景を楽しむことができるほか、晴れた日には、約150キロメートル先に日本の象徴である富士山（ふじさん）をかすかに見ることもできる。","This course offers excellent views of the Northern Japanese Alps and all five of the key peaks of northern Nagano—Iizuna, Togakushi, Kurohime, Myōkō, Madarao—collectively known as the Hokushin-Gogaku.On clear days, it is even possible to catch a glimpse of iconic Mt. Fuji, nearly 150 kilometers away. "]
[1606,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）志賀高原地域観光資源の多言語解説整備協議会","動物","ルリボシヤンマ","るりぼしやんま","moorland hawker (Aeshna juncea)","主によく見られるのは、茶色の体に青と黄色の斑紋が特徴のルリボシヤンマ（Aeshna juncea）と、黒い体に赤とオレンジの斑紋が特徴のカオジロトンボ（Leucorrhinia dubia）である。","Common types include the moorland hawker (Aeshna juncea), distinguishable by its brown body with blue and yellow spots, and the white-faced darter (Leucorrhinia dubia), which is black with red and orange markings. "]
[1607,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）志賀高原地域観光資源の多言語解説整備協議会","動物","カオジロトンボ","かおじろとんぼ","white-faced darter (Leucorrhinia dubia)","主によく見られるのは、茶色の体に青と黄色の斑紋が特徴のルリボシヤンマ（Aeshna juncea）と、黒い体に赤とオレンジの斑紋が特徴のカオジロトンボ（Leucorrhinia dubia）である。","Common types include the moorland hawker (Aeshna juncea), distinguishable by its brown body with blue and yellow spots, and the white-faced darter (Leucorrhinia dubia), which is black with red and orange markings. "]
[1608,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）志賀高原地域観光資源の多言語解説整備協議会","植物","キンポウゲ","きんぽうげ"," yellow buttercup (R. japonicus)","キンポウゲ（R. japonicus）の小さな花から、笛の形をした紫色のクボタテンナンショウ（Arisaema nikoense f. kubotae）まで、さまざまな花が鮮やかな光景を生み出し、これをゴンドラに乗って上空から楽しんだり、整備された遊歩道を歩いて近くから楽しんだりできる。","From the small blossoms of the yellow buttercup (R. japonicus) to the purple flutes of Japanese cobra lilies (Arisaema nikoense f. kubotae), the flowers create a rich tableau that can be seen while passing overhead in the gondola and from up close on well-marked paths. "]
[1609,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）志賀高原地域観光資源の多言語解説整備協議会","植物","クボタテンナンショウ","くぼたてんなんしょう","Japanese cobra lilies (Arisaema nikoense f. kubotae)","キンポウゲ（R. japonicus）の小さな花から、笛の形をした紫色のクボタテンナンショウ（Arisaema nikoense f. kubotae）まで、さまざまな花が鮮やかな光景を生み出し、これをゴンドラに乗って上空から楽しんだり、整備された遊歩道を歩いて近くから楽しんだりできる。","From the small blossoms of the yellow buttercup (R. japonicus) to the purple flutes of Japanese cobra lilies (Arisaema nikoense f. kubotae), the flowers create a rich tableau that can be seen while passing overhead in the gondola and from up close on well-marked paths. "]
[1610,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）志賀高原地域観光資源の多言語解説整備協議会","植物","ドイツトウヒ","どいつとうひ","Norway spruce (Picea abies)","山頂には、外部からこの地域にもたらされた背の高いドイツトウヒ（Picea abies）が生えている。","A tall Norway spruce (Picea abies), a species not native to the area, stands at the mountain summit."]
[1611,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）志賀高原地域観光資源の多言語解説整備協議会","植物","シラカバ","しらかば","white birch (Betula platyphylla)","このコースではシラカバ（Betula platyphylla）の林や、志賀高原の他のエリアではめったに見ることができないブナ（Fagus crenata）の林の中をのんびりと散策できる。","The course offers a peaceful stroll through groves of white birch (Betula platyphylla) and Japanese beech trees (Fagus crenata), the latter of which is rare in other parts of the Shiga Highlands."]
[1612,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）志賀高原地域観光資源の多言語解説整備協議会","植物","ブナ","ぶな","Japanese beech trees (Fagus crenata)","このコースではシラカバ（Betula platyphylla）の林や、志賀高原の他のエリアではめったに見ることができないブナ（Fagus crenata）の林の中をのんびりと散策できる。","The course offers a peaceful stroll through groves of white birch (Betula platyphylla) and Japanese beech trees (Fagus crenata), the latter of which is rare in other parts of the Shiga Highlands."]
[1613,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）志賀高原地域観光資源の多言語解説整備協議会","動物","アカゲラ","あかげら","spotted woodpeckers (Dendrocopos major)","コースを歩いていると、アカゲラ（Dendrocopos major）やアオゲラ（Picus awokera）、コゲラ（Dendrocopos kizuki）が幹をつつく音がよく聞こえてくる。これは虫を捕えたり、自分の縄張りであることを示したり、巣作りのために枯れ木を探したりするときの音である。","On this trail, hikers can often hear the sounds of great spotted woodpeckers (Dendrocopos major), Japanese green woodpeckers (Picus awokera), and pygmy woodpeckers (Dendrocopos kizuki) knocking on the trunks as they hunt for insects, indicate their territory, and search for dead wood in which to nest."]
[1614,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）志賀高原地域観光資源の多言語解説整備協議会","動物","アオゲラ","あおげら","Japanese green woodpeckers (Picus awokera)","コースを歩いていると、アカゲラ（Dendrocopos major）やアオゲラ（Picus awokera）、コゲラ（Dendrocopos kizuki）が幹をつつく音がよく聞こえてくる。これは虫を捕えたり、自分の縄張りであることを示したり、巣作りのために枯れ木を探したりするときの音である。","On this trail, hikers can often hear the sounds of great spotted woodpeckers (Dendrocopos major), Japanese green woodpeckers (Picus awokera), and pygmy woodpeckers (Dendrocopos kizuki) knocking on the trunks as they hunt for insects, indicate their territory, and search for dead wood in which to nest."]
[1615,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）志賀高原地域観光資源の多言語解説整備協議会","動物","コゲラ","こげら","pygmy woodpeckers (Dendrocopos kizuki)","コースを歩いていると、アカゲラ（Dendrocopos major）やアオゲラ（Picus awokera）、コゲラ（Dendrocopos kizuki）が幹をつつく音がよく聞こえてくる。これは虫を捕えたり、自分の縄張りであることを示したり、巣作りのために枯れ木を探したりするときの音である。","On this trail, hikers can often hear the sounds of great spotted woodpeckers (Dendrocopos major), Japanese green woodpeckers (Picus awokera), and pygmy woodpeckers (Dendrocopos kizuki) knocking on the trunks as they hunt for insects, indicate their territory, and search for dead wood in which to nest."]
[1616,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）志賀高原地域観光資源の多言語解説整備協議会","植物","笹","ささ","sasa bamboo grass","このコースでは、笹で一面覆われたこの地域独特の高層湿原を何か所か通っていく。","The trail takes hikers through some of the area’s distinctive alpine wetlands, where the ground is covered with sasa bamboo grass. "]
[1617,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）志賀高原地域観光資源の多言語解説整備協議会","植物","シナノキ","しなのき","Japanese linden tree (Tilia japonica)","しなの木コースは、2つのルートがある手軽な遊歩道で、どちらもシナノキ（Tilia japonica）の大木へ通じている。このシナノキは、その類まれなる樹齢と樹高から長野県（ながのけん）の特別天然記念物に指定されている。","The Shinanoki Course is an easy walking trail with two paths leading to a venerable Japanese linden tree (Tilia japonica) that has been designated a Natural Monument by Nagano Prefecture for its unrivaled age and stature."]
[1618,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）志賀高原地域観光資源の多言語解説整備協議会","植物","ミズバショウ","みずばしょう","Asian skunk cabbage","特に景色が美しくなるのは、純白の仏炎苞をつけたミズバショウの花が咲く5月と6月、そして紫色のヤナギランの花に一面覆われる7月と8月である。","It is particularly scenic in May and June, when the pristine white furls of Asian skunk cabbage (mizubasho) flowers emerge, and in July and August, when the ground is covered in a carpet of purple fireweed blossoms."]
[1619,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）志賀高原地域観光資源の多言語解説整備協議会","植物","モウセンゴケ","もうせんごけ","sundew (Droseri rotundifolia)","島はモウセンゴケに覆われている。モウセンゴケ（Droseri rotundifolia）とは、粘着性のある非常に細い突起で虫を捕らえる、表面が緑と赤の食虫植物である。","The islands are covered in patches of round-leaved sundew (Droseri rotundifolia), a green and red carnivorous plant that traps insects in sticky, hair-like protrusions. "]
[1620,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）志賀高原地域観光資源の多言語解説整備協議会","植物","スゲ","すげ","sedge grasses","汚れているように見えるかもしれないが、実際は栄養分が豊富で、スゲやシガアヤメ（I. sanguinea X setosa）などの湿生植物にとって理想的な環境になっている。","While the pond might look polluted, it is actually a mineral-rich environment ideal for marsh plants such as sedge grasses and Shiga iris (I. sanguinea X setosa)."]
[1621,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）志賀高原地域観光資源の多言語解説整備協議会","植物","シガアヤメ","しがあやめ","Shiga iris (I. sanguinea X setosa)","汚れているように見えるかもしれないが、実際は栄養分が豊富で、スゲやシガアヤメ（I. sanguinea X setosa）などの湿生植物にとって理想的な環境になっている。","While the pond might look polluted, it is actually a mineral-rich environment ideal for marsh plants such as sedge grasses and Shiga iris (I. sanguinea X setosa)."]
[1622,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）志賀高原地域観光資源の多言語解説整備協議会","植物","ワタスゲ","わたすげ","cotton grass (Eriophorum vaginatum)","コースの中で特に注目したいのが、ワタスゲ（Eriophorum vaginatum）の群生に覆われたワタスゲ平と呼ばれる広大に広がる湿原だ。","One particularly noteworthy sight along the course is Watasugedaira, a broad, marshy stretch that is covered with tussocks of hare’s-tail cotton grass (Eriophorum vaginatum). "]
[1623,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）志賀高原地域観光資源の多言語解説整備協議会","植物","ヒカリゴケ","ひかりごけ","goblin gold (Schistostega pennata)","コース沿いで目を引くもう1つの植物は、ヒカリゴケ（Schistostega pennata）と呼ばれる発光性のコケで、節くれだった木の根や落石の下の隙間で見ることができる。","Another visually striking plant that grows along the course is a luminescent moss called goblin gold (Schistostega pennata), which can be found in crevices under gnarled tree roots and rock falls."]
[1624,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）志賀高原地域観光資源の多言語解説整備協議会","史跡","まが玉","まがたま","comma-shaped relics","コースの名前についているまが玉とは、石やガラス、翡翠で作られたコンマ形をした新石器時代（紀元前1万4千年～紀元前350年）の遺物のことである。","The name of the course refers to comma-shaped relics (magatama) made of stone, glass, or jade that date back to the final millennium of the Jōmon period (14,000–350 BCE). "]
[1625,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）志賀高原地域観光資源の多言語解説整備協議会","史跡","翡翠","ヒスイ","jade","コースの名前についているまが玉とは、石やガラス、翡翠で作られたコンマ形をした新石器時代（紀元前1万4千年～紀元前350年）の遺物のことである。","The name of the course refers to comma-shaped relics (magatama) made of stone, glass, or jade that date back to the final millennium of the Jōmon period (14,000–350 BCE). "]
[1626,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）志賀高原地域観光資源の多言語解説整備協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","西国観音巡礼","さいごくかんのんじゅんれい","Saigoku Kannon Pilgrimage Circuit","その証拠に、この地にある像は、西国観音巡礼の名で知られる関西地方の有名な巡礼路にある寺の像をモデルにしたものである","In fact, the statues here are modeled on those of the temples in the famous route in the Kansai region known as the Saigoku Kannon Pilgrimage Circuit."]
[1627,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）志賀高原地域観光資源の多言語解説整備協議会","高原・湿原・原野","四十八池湿原","しじゅうはちいけしつげん","Forty-Eight Pond Wetlands ","どのルートも志賀山（しがやま）山頂（2,035m）へと通じており、山頂からは、周囲の山々や四十八池湿原、志賀高原にしか見られない山池の数々などの雄大な景色を眺めることができる。","Taking either route will bring climbers to the summit of Mt. Shiga (2,035 m), from where there are panoramic views of the surrounding mountains, the Forty-Eight Pond Wetlands, and a variety of Shiga Highlands’ distinctive mountain ponds. "]
[1628,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）志賀高原地域観光資源の多言語解説整備協議会","湖沼","鬼の相撲場","おにのすもうば","Devil’s Sumo Ring","そこから見える池のひとつは、相撲の行司が持つ軍配と呼ばれるうちわに似ていることから、鬼の相撲場（おにのすもうば）の名が付いている。","One of these ponds is named the Devil’s Sumo Ring (oni no sumōba) for its resemblance to a gunbai, the fan carried by sumo referees."]
[1629,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）志賀高原地域観光資源の多言語解説整備協議会","史跡","軍配","ぐんばい","gunbai","そこから見える池のひとつは、相撲の行司が持つ軍配と呼ばれるうちわに似ていることから、鬼の相撲場（おにのすもうば）の名が付いている。","One of these ponds is named the Devil’s Sumo Ring (oni no sumōba) for its resemblance to a gunbai, the fan carried by sumo referees."]
[1630,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）志賀高原地域観光資源の多言語解説整備協議会","植物","オオシラビソ","おおしらびそ","Maries’ fir (Abies mariesii)","また、このコースは青々と茂ったオオシラビソ（Abies mariesii）の群生林の中も通り抜ける。オオシラビソは大枝から突き出た紫色の球果で見分けることができる。","The trail also winds through many lush groves of Maries’ fir (Abies mariesii), which is recognizable by the purplish cones that jut out from its boughs. "]
[1631,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）志賀高原地域観光資源の多言語解説整備協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","山伏","やまぶし","yamabushi","山伏（やまぶし）と呼ばれる修行者が、長い山道をひたすら歩いたり、凍えるように冷たい滝に打たれたり、絶壁にぶら下がったりと、肉体的に辛く厳しい苦行を行っている。","Its practitioners, called yamabushi, perform physically challenging ascetic rigors such as completing extremely long mountain hikes, standing under freezing waterfalls, and hanging off cliffs."]
[1632,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）志賀高原地域観光資源の多言語解説整備協議会","植物","ヤナギラン","やなぎらん","fireweed (Chamaenerion angustifolium)","山へ向かう道も美しく、特に夏になると、熊の湯（くまのゆ）スキー場ゲレンデを通る道は紫色のヤナギラン（Chamaenerion angustifolium）の花に一面覆われる。","The path up the mountain is scenic as well—particularly in summer, when it passes along the Kumanoyu Ski Slopes carpeted with the purple blossoms of fireweed (Chamaenerion angustifolium). "]
[1633,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）志賀高原地域観光資源の多言語解説整備協議会","植物","ニッコウキスゲ","にっこうきすげ","Nikkō daylilies (Hemerocallis esculenta) ","鉢山山頂から、コースはオオシラビソ（Abies mariesii）と根曲がり竹の林の中を下っていき、横手山スキー場ゲレンデへとつながっている。ゲレンデのなだらかな草原には、夏になると、紫色をしたヤナギラン（Chamaenerion angustifolium）の小枝と星形の黄色いニッコウキスゲ（Hemerocallis esculenta）がぱっと花を咲かせる。","From the first summit, the route descends through groves of Maries’ fir (Abies mariesii) and dwarf bamboo to reach the ski slopes of Mt. Yokote, where purple sprigs of fireweed (Chamaenerion angustifolium) and yellow starbursts of Nikkō daylilies (Hemerocallis esculenta) sprout forth from the rolling grass in summer."]
[1634,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）志賀高原地域観光資源の多言語解説整備協議会","岩石・洞窟","黄鉄鉱","おうてっこう","iron pyrite ","これは土壌に黄鉄鉱が含まれているためだ。","This is due to the presence of iron pyrite in the soil. "]
[1635,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）志賀高原地域観光資源の多言語解説整備協議会","動物","ゲンジボタル","げんじぼたる","Genji firefly (Luciola cruciata) ","夏の夕暮れ時には、この水際を住みかとする、日本原産のゲンジボタル（Luciola cruciata）と呼ばれる発光性の甲虫も見ることができる。","At dusk in summer, hikers might also see a native species of bioluminescent beetle called the Genji firefly (Luciola cruciata) that makes its home at the water’s edge."]
[1636,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）志賀高原地域観光資源の多言語解説整備協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","守り神","まもりがみ","guardian spirit","池のほとりに見える赤い鳥居は、この地域で守り神として扱われている大蛇という竜を祀った大蛇神社の鳥居だ。","The red torii gate visible on the shore belongs to Daija-jinjya Shrine, dedicated to Daija, a dragon seen in this area as a guardian spirit."]
[1637,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）志賀高原地域観光資源の多言語解説整備協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神輿行列","みこしぎょうれつ"," procession of portable shrines","また、午後には神輿行列が練り歩き、夕方には花火が打ち上げられる。","This is followed in the afternoon by a procession of portable shrines and a fireworks display in the evening."]
[1638,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）湯の丸高峰レクリエーションの森環境整備運営協議会","山岳","外輪山\nカルデラ縁","がいりんざん\nかるでらえん","ridgeline","この湿原は複数のエリアに分けることができる。火口を取り囲む斜面の大部分には木々が茂っており、北側の外輪山が主にカラマツで覆われているのに対し、南側の斜面にはコメツガの原生林が広がっている。","The wetland can be divided into several areas: the slopes surrounding the crater are largely forested; the northern ridgeline is predominantly covered with Japanese larch, and the southern slope has primeval stands of northern Japanese hemlock."]
[1639,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）湯の丸高峰レクリエーションの森環境整備運営協議会","高原・湿原・原野","木道","もくどう","wooden boardwalk","ここでは、生態系を踏み荒らされないように作られた木道からそれらの植物を観察することができる。","Many of Ikenotaira’s rare alpine species, which are seldom seen outside of remote elevations, can be viewed from a wooden boardwalk that protects the ecosystem from foot traffic."]
[1640,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）湯の丸高峰レクリエーションの森環境整備運営協議会","山岳","断層","だんそう","fault","断層とは岩盤に生じたギャップを意味しており、傾斜すべり断層は岩盤の一部がこのギャップの上もしくは下にスライドすることで起こる。","A fault is a fracture in a body of rock, and a dip-slip fault occurs when one section of rock slides up or down the line of the fracture. "]
[1641,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）湯の丸高峰レクリエーションの森環境整備運営協議会","社会","氷河期\n氷期","ひょうがき\nひょうき","ice age","約1万年前に最後の氷河期が終わって気温が上昇し始めたとき、他の場所では絶滅してしまった植物種を、湯の丸高原の比較的厳しい気候では維持することができたと考えられている。","It is thought that around 10,000 years ago, when the last ice age ended and temperatures began to rise, the comparatively harsh climate of the Yunomaru Highland was able to sustain plant species that died out elsewhere. "]
[1642,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）湯の丸高峰レクリエーションの森環境整備運営協議会","自然現象","降灰","こうはい"," ash falls","1783年の噴火では溶岩流と降灰によって1,400人以上が亡くなり、この一帯の耕地の多くが埋もれたことで飢饉に拍車がかかり、最終的に約90万人が犠牲となった。","Lava flows and ash falls from the 1783 eruption killed over 1,400 people and buried much of the region’s arable land, worsening a widespread famine that ultimately claimed some 900,000 lives."]
[1643,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）湯の丸高峰レクリエーションの森環境整備運営協議会","植物","コマクサ","こまくさ","dicentra ","月末頃には、三方ヶ峰（さんぼうがみね）の南側斜面沿いに、特に希少で繊細な高山種であるコマクサがつり鐘の形をしたピンク色の花を咲かせる。","Toward the end of the month, the elaborate pink bells of dicentra (komakusa), a particularly rare and delicate alpine species, bloom along the southern slopes of Mt. Sanbōgamine."]
[1644,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）湯の丸高峰レクリエーションの森環境整備運営協議会","植物","矮性種","わいせいしゅ","dwarf species","これらの気候条件から、南側斜面で成長する植物はほとんど低木や矮性種が多い。 ","As the snow there melts, the collision of warm and cool air currents produces strong winds. Together, these conditions limit the vegetation that grows on the southern slopes to mostly shrubs and dwarf species."]
[1645,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）湯の丸高峰レクリエーションの森環境整備運営協議会","工芸・美術品","烏帽子","えぼし","Eboshi","頂上が非常に尖っている烏帽子岳は、平安時代（794–1185）の廷臣が着用した背の高い尖った帽子にちなんで名付けられた。","Mt. Eboshi, whose summit is unusually pointed, is named for the tall, peaked hats worn by courtiers of the Heian period (794–1185)."]
[1646,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）湯の丸高峰レクリエーションの森環境整備運営協議会","植物","レンゲツツジ","れんげつつじ","Japanese azalea","6月下旬になると、湯ノ丸山（ゆのまるやま）東側の野原では約60万株のレンゲツツジの花が咲き誇り、一面が鮮やかな朱色に染まる。","In late June, the fields east of Mount Yunomaru turn a vivid scarlet as an expanse of some 600,000 Japanese azalea blossoms burst into bloom. "]
[1647,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）湯の丸高峰レクリエーションの森環境整備運営協議会","その他","蹄が割れている\n（偶蹄類）","ひづめがわれている　\n（ぐうているい）"," split-hoofed","蹄が割れているニホンカモシカの足跡はシカの足跡に似ており、冬場には雪の上でよく目にすることができる。","In winter, the srow’s split-hoofed tracks, which resemble those of deer, are often visible in the snow."]
[1648,"長野県・岐阜県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","登山ガイド","とざんがいど","Hiking guides","登山ガイド（一部は多言語を話せます）から地元の習慣、ルートの情報、安全のためのヒント、自然環境の知識などを学ぶことで、登山経験がより楽しいものになります。","Hiking guides, some of them multilingual, can make the experience more enjoyable by sharing with you local customs, route information, safety hints and knowledge of the natural environment.","※「Climb」はロッククライミングも含む用語。登山としたいなら、勘違いを避けるために「hike」。\n※北米で「mountain guide」と言うと、国際ガイドにあたるランクを意味する。日本にいる多くのガイドは登山ガイドであり、海外では「hiking guide」に該当。"]
[1649,"長野県・岐阜県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","山岳","槍ヶ岳","やりがたけ","Mt. Yarigatake","槍ヶ岳の表面にみられるような、北アルプスの山々にある深いU字型の谷は、約1万年前まで続いた最新氷期に氷河に削られた部分です。","The great, U-shaped valleys of these mountains, such as the one on the face of Mt. Yarigatake, were gouged out by glaciers during the most recent ice age that ended some 10,000 years ago."]
[1650,"長野県・岐阜県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","山岳","焼岳","やけだけ","Mt. Yakedake","北アルプスで最も有名な活火山は上高地の入り口にある焼岳（burning mountain）です。","The most famous active volcano in the Northern Alps is Mt. Yakedake (whose name in Japanese means “burning mountain”), at the entrance of Kamikochi."]
[1651,"長野県・岐阜県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","植物","ブナ","ぶな","Japanese Beech (Fagus crenata)","ブナ\nブナは日本原産の落葉樹で、標高1,400メートルまでの場所で育ちます。","Japanese Beech (Fagus crenata)\nThe Japanese beech, or buna, is a deciduous tree native to Japan and can grow at altitudes of up to 1,400 meters."]
[1652,"長野県・岐阜県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","植物","シラカバ","しらかば","Japanese White Birch (Betula platyphylla) ","シラカバ\nシラカバは山地全域の標高1,500メートル付近の地域に見られます。","Japanese White Birch (Betula platyphylla) \nThe white birch, or shirakaba, is found throughout the mountains at altitudes of around 1,500 meters"]
[1653,"長野県・岐阜県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","植物","ハイマツ","はいまつ","Siberian Dwarf Pine (Pinus pumila)","ハイマツ\nハイマツの群落は、中部山岳国立公園全域の森林限界付近で見られ、ライチョウの安全な避難所となっています。","Siberian Dwarf Pine (Pinus pumila)\nDense fields of Siberian dwarf pine (haimatsu) can be found at high altitudes near the tree line throughout the park, creating a safe haven for the Japanese rock ptarmigan."]
[1654,"長野県・岐阜県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","植物","カラマツ","からまつ","Japanese Larch (Larix kaempferi)","カラマツ\nカラマツは、唯一の日本原産の落葉性針葉樹です。早春から葉をつけ、その針のような葉は秋の落葉前に明るい黄色に変わります。","Japanese Larch (Larix kaempferi)\nThe Japanese larch, or karamatsu, is the only deciduous coniferous tree native to Japan. It comes into leaf early in spring, and its needles turn bright yellow before being shed in autumn."]
[1655,"長野県・岐阜県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","植物","ナナカマド","ななかまど","Japanese Rowan (Sorbus commista)","ナナカマド\nナナカマドはとてもゆっくり燃える薪で、オーブンで7回使用できるという信念から、「7」と「オーブン」を意味する文字で構成されています。","Japanese Rowan (Sorbus commista)\nThe Japanese rowan’s name, nanakamado, is made of two words meaning “seven” and “oven,” from the belief that it is such a slow-burning firewood it can be used in an oven seven times."]
[1656,"長野県・岐阜県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","植物","コバイケイソウ","こばいけいそう","Veratrum","コバイケイソウ\nコバイケイソウは花を持つ有毒植物で、まっすぐな茎と複数の白い花が特徴です。","Veratrum\nVeratrum, or kobaikeiso, is a toxic flowering plant recognizable by its straight stems with multiple white blossoms."]
[1657,"長野県・岐阜県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","植物","シシウド","ししうど","Angelica pubescens","シシウド\nシシウド（Angelica pubescens）は、日本の在来植物で、7月と8月に背の高い茎から花火のような繊細な白い花を咲かせます。","Angelica pubescens\nCalled shishiudo in Japan, this is a native plant with delicate white blossoms resembling fireworks that emerge from its tall stems in July and August."]
[1658,"長野県・岐阜県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","動物","ライチョウ","らいちょう","Japanese Rock Ptarmigan (Lagopus muta)\n","ライチョウ\nライチョウ（日本語で「雷の鳥」の意味）は、小さなニワトリほどの大きさの重い身体を持つ地上食餌型の鳥で、ハイマツの生える高山地域に生息しています。","Japanese Rock Ptarmigan (Lagopus muta)\nThe Japanese rock ptarmigan (its Japanese name raicho means “thunder bird”) is a heavy-bodied ground feeder about the size of a small chicken that is found in alpine areas of dwarf Siberian pine."]
[1659,"長野県・岐阜県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","動物","イワヒバリ","いわひばり","Alpine Accentor (Prunella collaris)","イワヒバリ\n縞模様の茶色の背中、灰色の頭、そして赤茶色の斑点のある胸を持つイワヒバリは、植生の少ない山地にみられます。","Alpine Accentor (Prunella collaris)\nWith its streaked brown back, gray head and reddish-brown spotted breast, the alpine accentor (iwahibari in Japanese) is found in mountain areas with little vegetation."]
[1660,"長野県・岐阜県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","動物","ホシガラス","ほしがらす","Spotted Nutcracker (Nucifraga caryocatactes)\n","ホシガラス\nホシガラスはカラスの仲間で、虫や木の実、松の種子を主食にしています。","Spotted Nutcracker (Nucifraga caryocatactes)\nThe spotted nutcracker, or hoshi-garasu, is a member of the crow family and feeds on insects, nuts, and pine cones."]
[1661,"長野県・岐阜県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","動物","オコジョ\n","おこじょ","Japanese Least Weasel (Mustela itatsi)\n","オコジョ\nオコジョは、イタチ属の中でも体の小さい種です。","Japanese Least Weasel (Mustela itatsi)\nCalled okojo in Japanese, this is one of the smaller members of the genus Mustela."]
[1662,"長野県・岐阜県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","動物","二ホンカモシカ","にほんかもしか","Japanese Serow (Capricornis crispus)\n","二ホンカモシカ\n名前にはシカが入っていますが、カモシカはレイヨウの一種で、偶蹄目ウシ科に属します。","Japanese Serow (Capricornis crispus)\nThough its Japanese name, kamoshika, includes shika, which means deer, the Japanese serow is an even-toed bovine, a kind of goat-antelope."]
[1663,"長野県・岐阜県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","動物","ツキノワグマ","つきのわぐま","Asian Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus)\n","ツキノワグマ\nツキノワグマは中型で主に草食性ですが、小さな哺乳類、鳥、昆虫も食べます。","Asian Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus)\nThe Asian black bear, or kuma, is medium-sized and largely herbivorous, though it will feed on small mammals, birds, and insects."]
[1664,"長野県・岐阜県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","動物","ニホンザル","にほんざる","Japanese Macaque (Macaca fuscata)\n","ニホンザル\nSnow monkeyとしても知られるニホンザルは、中部山岳国立公園の多くの地域で見られ、特に上高地など北アルプスの標高の高い地域に生息しています。","Japanese Macaque (Macaca fuscata)\nThe Japanese macaque or “snow monkey” can be found in many areas of the park, particularly in Kamikochi and at other high altitudes in the Northern Alps."]
[1665,"長野県・岐阜県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","山岳","穂高岳","ほたかだけ","Mt. Hotaka","槍ヶ岳、穂高岳、常念岳などの高い山は、春にはまだ完全に雪で覆われているため、登山にはアイゼンとアックス、そして経験が必須です。","The higher peaks, such as Mt. Yarigatake, Mt. Hotaka, and Mt. Jonendake, are all still completely snow-covered in spring, so crampons, ice axes, and experience are essential."]
[1666,"長野県・岐阜県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","山岳","常念岳","じょうねんだけ","Mt. Jonendake","槍ヶ岳、穂高岳、常念岳などの高い山は、春にはまだ完全に雪で覆われているため、登山にはアイゼンとアックス、そして経験が必須です。","The higher peaks, such as Mt. Yarigatake, Mt. Hotaka, and Mt. Jonendake, are all still completely snow-covered in spring, so crampons, ice axes, and experience are essential."]
[1667,"長野県・岐阜県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","播隆","ばんりゅう","Banryu","北アルプスの主峰である槍ヶ岳の初登頂は、1828年に播隆（ばんりゅう）という仏僧によって達成されました。北アルプスの主峰である槍ヶ岳の初登頂は、1828年に播隆（ばんりゅう）という仏僧によって達成されました。","The first ascent of Mt. Yarigatake, the centerpiece of the Northern Alps, was made in 1828 by a Buddhist priest named Banryu. "]
[1668,"長野県・岐阜県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","上條嘉門次","かみじょうかもんじ","Kamijo Kamonji","山は修行僧に加えて木こりや猟師の領域でもあり、上條嘉門次（かみじょうかもんじ）という猟師は、今では1877年に日本人以外で初めて槍ヶ岳に登った登山家、ウィリアム・ゴーランドを山頂まで先導したことで知られています。","Besides ascetics, the mountains were also the domain of woodcutters and hunters, and one hunter named Kamijo Kamonji is now famed for guiding the first non-Japanese climber, William Gowland, to the peak of Mt. Yarigatake in 1877."]
[1669,"長野県・岐阜県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","山岳","穂高連峰","ほたかれんぽう","Hotaka mountain range","穂高連峰には、日本にある3,000メートル級の21山のうちの8山が含まれます。","The Hotaka mountain range includes 8 of the 21 mountains in Japan with elevations of over 3,000 meters."]
[1670,"長野県・岐阜県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","山岳","乗鞍岳","のりくらだけ","Mt. Norikura","中部山岳国立公園の南西の一角を占めるのは、岐阜県と長野県の県境にまたがる巨大な火山、乗鞍岳です。","In the southwest corner of Chubusangaku National Park stands Mt. Norikura, a massive volcanic mountain that straddles the border between Gifu and Nagano prefectures."]
[1671,"長野県・岐阜県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","高原・湿原・原野","乗鞍高原","のりくらこうげん","Norikura Kogen","乗鞍高原は乗鞍岳のふもとに広がる広大な高原です。","Norikura Kogen is an expansive plateau at the foot of Mt. Norikura.","※地域で名称を「Norikura Kogen」に統一。"]
[1672,"長野県・岐阜県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","温泉","奥飛騨温泉郷","おくひだおんせんごう","Okuhida Onsengo Hot Springs","中部山岳国立公園の素晴らしい自然を長めに体験したい人や、早朝から登山に出発したい人にとって、奥飛騨温泉郷に勝る「ベースキャンプ」地はありません。","For visitors who want a longer experience of the natural wonders of Chubusangaku National Park, or perhaps just an early start on a mountain trek, there is no better “base camp” than the Okuhida Onsengo Hot Springs.","※地域で名称を「Okuhida Onsengo Hot Springs」に統一。"]
[1673,"長野県・岐阜県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","温泉","白骨温泉","しらほねおんせん","Shirahone Onsen","白骨温泉は、中部山岳国立公園の森林に覆われた険しい谷の奥深くにある温泉郷です。","Shirahone Onsen is an onsen hot-spring village tucked deep inside the steep, forested valleys of Chubusangaku National Park.","※地域で名称を「Shirahone Onsen」に統一。"]
[1674,"長野県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）安曇野市海外プロモーション協議会","食","ワサビア・ジャポニカ","わさびあ・じゃぽにか","Wasabia japonica","日本原産のワサビア・ジャポニカという植物の茎の太い部分または地下茎（よく誤解されますが、根ではありません）から作られます。","It comes from the thick part of the stem, or rhizome (not the root, a common misconception), of the Wasabia japonica plant, native to Japan."]
[1675,"長野県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）安曇野市海外プロモーション協議会","食","沢わさび","さわわさび","sawa-wasabi","水中で栽培される「沢わさび（本わさび）」は、特定の水質と栽培条件を必要とします。","The latter, known as sawa-wasabi or hon-wasabi, requires very specific water quality and conditions."]
[1676,"長野県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）安曇野市海外プロモーション協議会","食","本わさび","ほんわさび","hon-wasabi","水中で栽培される「沢わさび（本わさび）」は、特定の水質と栽培条件を必要とします。","The latter, known as sawa-wasabi or hon-wasabi, requires very specific water quality and conditions."]
[1677,"長野県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）安曇野市海外プロモーション協議会","食","西洋わさび","せいようわさび","western horseradish","多くの人が「わさび」として知っているのは、実は沢わさびが西洋わさびで希釈されたものです。西洋わさびは沢わさびと同じ辛み成分を持っていますが、沢わさびより育てやすく、また辛みがより鋭く長続きします。","What many people know as wasabi is actually a mixture diluted with western horseradish, which shares some of the same spicy attributes, but is easier to grow and has a sharper, longer-lasting effect."]
[1678,"長野県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）安曇野市海外プロモーション協議会","書物","薬草辞典「本草和名（ほんぞうわみょう）」","やくそうじてん ほんぞうわみょう","Honzo wamyo, a dictionary of medical herbs","古代の人々は、918年編纂の薬草辞典「本草和名（ほんぞうわみょう）」にわさびを採録しました。","The ancients included wasabi in the Honzo wamyo, a dictionary of medical herbs compiled in the year 918."]
[1679,"長野県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）安曇野市海外プロモーション協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","穂高神社","ほたかじんじゃ","Hotaka Jinja Shrine","静かなオアシスである穂高神社は、穂高駅からほど近い杉と松の林の中にたたずむ閑静な祈りの場所です。","Hotaka Jinja Shrine is a quiet oasis, a secluded place of worship set in a grove of towering Japanese cedar and pine trees not far from Hotaka Station."]
[1680,"長野県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）安曇野市海外プロモーション協議会","人物・人名・役職名","綿津見命","わだつみのみこと","Wadatsumi no Mikoto","穂高神社は海の神である綿津見命（わだつみのみこと）とその息子の穂高見命（ほたかみのみこと）を祀っています。穂高見命は、もともと九州に住んでいた海の民、安曇族の守り神です。","It enshrines the nautical deity Wadatsumi no Mikoto and his son, Hotakami no Mikoto. The latter is the tutelary deity of the Azumi clan, originally a seafaring people that lived in Kyushu."]
[1681,"長野県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）安曇野市海外プロモーション協議会","人物・人名・役職名","穂高見命","ほたかみのみこと","Hotakami no Mikoto","穂高神社は海の神である綿津見命（わだつみのみこと）とその息子の穂高見命（ほたかみのみこと）を祀っています。穂高見命は、もともと九州に住んでいた海の民、安曇族の守り神です。","It enshrines the nautical deity Wadatsumi no Mikoto and his son, Hotakami no Mikoto. The latter is the tutelary deity of the Azumi clan, originally a seafaring people that lived in Kyushu."]
[1682,"長野県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）安曇野市海外プロモーション協議会","人物・人名・役職名","安曇族","あずみぞく","Azumi clan","穂高神社は海の神である綿津見命（わだつみのみこと）とその息子の穂高見命（ほたかみのみこと）を祀っています。穂高見命は、もともと九州に住んでいた海の民、安曇族の守り神です。","It enshrines the nautical deity Wadatsumi no Mikoto and his son, Hotakami no Mikoto. The latter is the tutelary deity of the Azumi clan, originally a seafaring people that lived in Kyushu."]
[1683,"長野県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）安曇野市海外プロモーション協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","奥宮","おくみや","Okumiya branch","奥宮は、上高地にある明神池の近く、名所・河童橋から一時間ほど歩いた場所にあります。","The former is the Okumiya branch, near Myojin Pond in the Kamikochi valley, about an hour’s walk from the iconic Kappabashi Bridge."]
[1684,"長野県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）安曇野市海外プロモーション協議会","湖沼","明神池","みょうじんいけ","Myojin Pond","奥宮は、上高地にある明神池の近く、名所・河童橋から一時間ほど歩いた場所にあります。","The former is the Okumiya branch, near Myojin Pond in the Kamikochi valley, about an hour’s walk from the iconic Kappabashi Bridge."]
[1685,"長野県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）安曇野市海外プロモーション協議会","建造物等","河童橋","かっぱばし","Kappabashi Bridge","奥宮は、上高地にある明神池の近く、名所・河童橋から一時間ほど歩いた場所にあります。","The former is the Okumiya branch, near Myojin Pond in the Kamikochi valley, about an hour’s walk from the iconic Kappabashi Bridge."]
[1686,"長野県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）安曇野市海外プロモーション協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","嶺宮","みねみや","Minemiya branch","穂高神社の嶺宮は、日本で三番目に高い奥穂高岳の山頂であり北アルプスで最も高い地点、標高3,190メートルの場所に建つ小さな木造の建物です。","The Minemiya branch of Hotaka Jinja is a small wooden structure that stands at 3,190 meters on the summit of Mt. Oku-Hotaka, the third tallest mountain in Japan and the highest spot in the Northern Alps. "]
[1687,"長野県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）安曇野市海外プロモーション協議会","山岳","奥穂高岳","おくほたかだけ","Mt. Oku-Hotaka","穂高神社の嶺宮は、日本で三番目に高い奥穂高岳の山頂であり北アルプスで最も高い地点、標高3,190メートルの場所に建つ小さな木造の建物です。","The Minemiya branch of Hotaka Jinja is a small wooden structure that stands at 3,190 meters on the summit of Mt. Oku-Hotaka, the third tallest mountain in Japan and the highest spot in the Northern Alps. "]
[1688,"長野県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）安曇野市海外プロモーション協議会","年中行事","御船祭り","おふねまつり","Ofune Festival","御船祭り","Ofune Festival"]
[1689,"長野県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）安曇野市海外プロモーション協議会","人物・人名・役職名","安曇比羅夫","あずみのひらふ","Azumi no Hirafu","祭りの二日目である９月27日は、663年に戦死した安曇族の英雄、安曇比羅夫（あずみのひらふ）の命日とされます。","September 27, the second day of the festival, is observed as the anniversary of the death of Azumi-clan hero Azumi no Hirafu, who died in battle in the year 663."]
[1690,"長野県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）安曇野市海外プロモーション協議会","博物館・美術館","御船会館 \n","おふねかいかん","Ofune Museum","御船会館 ","Ofune Museum"]
[1691,"長野県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）安曇野市海外プロモーション協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","道祖神","どうそじん","Dosojin","道祖神は神道の神で、村の境界や道の分岐、山道の道端に置かれる石の彫像に宿ります。道祖神は悪霊を寄せ付けない守護者とされ、「塞（さえ）の神」とも呼ばれます。塞とは、悪霊を「阻止」または「妨害」するという意味です。 ","Dosojin are Shinto deities (kami) that reside in stone carvings placed at the side of the road at village boundaries, forks in roads and mountain passes.  They are considered guardians and protectors that keep out evil spirits, and are also called sae no kami, sae meaning to “block” or “obstruct.”"]
[1692,"長野県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）安曇野市海外プロモーション協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","塞の神","さえのかみ","sae no kami","道祖神は神道の神で、村の境界や道の分岐、山道の道端に置かれる石の彫像に宿ります。道祖神は悪霊を寄せ付けない守護者とされ、「塞（さえ）の神」とも呼ばれます。塞とは、悪霊を「阻止」または「妨害」するという意味です。 ","Dosojin are Shinto deities (kami) that reside in stone carvings placed at the side of the road at village boundaries, forks in roads and mountain passes.  They are considered guardians and protectors that keep out evil spirits, and are also called sae no kami, sae meaning to “block” or “obstruct.”"]
[1693,"長野県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）安曇野市海外プロモーション協議会","年中行事","火の祭り「三九郎」","ひのまつり さんくろう","sankuro fire festivals","1月中旬に、いくつかの地域では道祖神の場所で火の祭り「三九郎」が行われ、不要になった正月飾りなどを円錐形に高く積み上げて燃やします。","In mid-January, some communities use dosojin sites for sankuro fire festivals in which by-then-obsolete New Year decorations and other items are piled into a cone-shaped tower and set on fire."]
[1694,"長野県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）安曇野市海外プロモーション協議会","山岳","常念岳","じょうねんだけ","Mt. Jonendake","ピラミッド型の常念岳（じょうねんだけ）は、東側からもっとも見つけやすく、安曇野と松本の住民にとって北アルプスのシンボルとなっています。","The pyramid-shaped Mt. Jonendake is the most recognizable from the east and has become the symbol of the Northern Alps for residents of Azumino and Matsumoto."]
[1695,"長野県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）安曇野市海外プロモーション協議会","山岳","蝶ヶ岳","ちょうがたけ","Mt. Chogatake","蝶ヶ岳は、西に槍ヶ岳・穂高連峰の壮大な景色を望む優雅な山で、その斜面には夏の花の草地が広がっています。","Mt. Chogatake is a graceful mountain offering spectacular views of the Mt. Yari–Mt. Hotaka range to the west and sprawling meadows of summer flowers on its slopes."]
[1696,"長野県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）安曇野市海外プロモーション協議会","山岳","槍ヶ岳・穂高連峰","やりがたけ・ほたかれんぽう","Mt. Yari–Mt. Hotaka range","蝶ヶ岳は、西に槍ヶ岳・穂高連峰の壮大な景色を望む優雅な山で、その斜面には夏の花の草地が広がっています。","Mt. Chogatake is a graceful mountain offering spectacular views of the Mt. Yari–Mt. Hotaka range to the west and sprawling meadows of summer flowers on its slopes."]
[1697,"長野県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）安曇野市海外プロモーション協議会","山岳","燕岳","つばくろだけ","Mt. Tsubakuro","燕岳（つばくろだけ）は、長く急な上り坂の上にあるものの、この山は道がよく整備されているので初心者に人気があります。","Mt. Tsubakuro is at the end of a long, steep ascent, but the mountain is popular with beginners because the trails are well-maintained."]
[1698,"長野県 ","（中部山岳国立公園）安曇野市海外プロモーション協議会","山岳","大天井岳","おてんしょうだけ","Mt. Otensho","大天井岳（おてんしょうだけ）は、この地域で一番高い2,922メートルの山であり、槍ヶ岳・穂高岳の西側に続く道が合流しているところです。 ","Mt. Otensho is the highest of this range at 2,922 meters, and the location of a trail junction that crosses over to the western range of Mt. Yarigatake and Mt. Hotaka."]
[1699,"長野県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（白馬八方尾根）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","例大祭","れいたいさい","Reitaisai","細野諏訪神社は、村民が秋の豊作のために雨乞いをするための場所でしたが、今日では例大祭の会場、そして、新年にかけて神社詣りをするという二年詣りの場所ともなっています。","The Hosono Suwa Shrine used to be the destination for villagers to pray for rain in the hope of a rich autumn harvest, but nowadays it’s best-known as the site of the Reitaisai, Hakuba Happo-one’s annual festival, and ninen mairi, the shrine visit that marks the beginning of a new year. "]
[1700,"長野県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（白馬八方尾根）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","二年参り","にねんまいり","ninen mairi","細野諏訪神社は、村民が秋の豊作のために雨乞いをするための場所でしたが、今日では例大祭の会場、そして、新年にかけて神社詣りをするという二年詣りの場所ともなっています。","The Hosono Suwa Shrine used to be the destination for villagers to pray for rain in the hope of a rich autumn harvest, but nowadays it’s best-known as the site of the Reitaisai, Hakuba Happo-one’s annual festival, and ninen mairi, the shrine visit that marks the beginning of a new year. "]
[1701,"長野県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（白馬八方尾根）","食","焼きそば","やきそば","yakisoba","この壮観な行列は、担ぎ手と観客がお祭りならでは焼きそばや豚汁、綿菓子などの食事でお腹を満たし、活気に満ちた和太鼓の生演奏を楽しむことができる細野諏訪神社で終了します。","The spectacle ends at Hosono Suwa Shrine,  everyone can feast on typical festival fare such as yakisoba (stir-fried noodles), butajiru (miso soup with pork and vegetables), and cotton candy— and enjoy lively taiko drumming performances. "]
[1702,"長野県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（白馬八方尾根）","食","豚汁","ぶたじる","butajiru","この壮観な行列は、担ぎ手と観客がお祭りならでは焼きそばや豚汁、綿菓子などの食事でお腹を満たし、活気に満ちた和太鼓の生演奏を楽しむことができる細野諏訪神社で終了します。","The spectacle ends at Hosono Suwa Shrine,  everyone can feast on typical festival fare such as yakisoba (stir-fried noodles), butajiru (miso soup with pork and vegetables), and cotton candy— and enjoy lively taiko drumming performances. "]
[1703,"長野県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（白馬八方尾根）","芸能・興行・イベント","太鼓","たいこ","taiko","この壮観な行列は、担ぎ手と観客がお祭りならでは焼きそばや豚汁、綿菓子などの食事でお腹を満たし、活気に満ちた和太鼓の生演奏を楽しむことができる細野諏訪神社で終了します。","The spectacle ends at Hosono Suwa Shrine,  everyone can feast on typical festival fare such as yakisoba (stir-fried noodles), butajiru (miso soup with pork and vegetables), and cotton candy— and enjoy lively taiko drumming performances. "]
[1704,"長野県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（白馬八方尾根）","建造物等","民宿","みんしゅく","minshuku","家族経営の典型的な日本式ゲストハウスは、民宿として知られており、低予算で伝統的なおもてなしを体験するのには格好の方法です。","Typical Japanese-style guest houses run by families, known as minshuku, are a great way to experience traditional hospitality without breaking the bank."]
[1705,"長野県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（白馬八方尾根）","建造物等","旅館","りょかん","ryokan","登山家たちは夜は旅館（一般的な日本の宿）ではなく、ガイドの家に泊まることもできるようになりました。","To accommodate the adventurers, a number of guides offered visitors the opportunity to spend the night at their own houses, instead of staying at a ryokan (typical Japanese inn)."]
[1706,"長野県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（野沢）","食","野沢菜","のざわな"," locally grown leaf vegetable ","この禅宗の曹洞宗の古いお寺は、4世紀以上前に山腹に建てられ、地元で栽培される葉野菜の野沢菜の発祥の地と言われています。"," This ancient temple of the Soto School of Zen Buddhism, founded more than four centuries ago, is said to be the place of origin of the locally grown leaf vegetable Nozawana. "]
[1707,"長野県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（野沢）","温泉","源泉掛け流し","げんせんかけながし","a hot spring whose water flows endlessly from its original source","源泉から湧出した温泉水が常時流れ込む、源泉掛け流しの露天風呂がある野沢温泉スパリーナは、野沢温泉村のミネラル豊富な温泉で、友人や家族、パートナーと一緒にくつろぐことができます。","Boasting an outdoor facility with a gensen kakenagashi—a hot spring whose water flows endlessly from its original source—the spa complex of Sparena Nozawa Onsen is a place to unwind with your friends, family or partner in the town’s mineral-rich, hot spring water. "]
[1708,"長野県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（野沢）","温泉","浴衣","ゆかた","light cotton kimono","この絵のように美しい、郷愁を誘う町で、浴衣（薄手の綿の着物）を着て、小さな用水路のある狭い路地をそぞろ歩きながら、落ち着いた温泉めぐりの体験を楽しんでください。","To give your onsen-hopping even more of a local flavor, wander around this picturesque, nostalgic town dressed in a yukata (light cotton kimono), and explore the many narrow lanes with their tiny canals. "]
[1709,"長野県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（野沢）","食","寺種","てらだね","plant's original seeds teradane, which have not been changed or modified for the past two centuries and still exist in their pure state","この寺の境内には今でも野沢菜畑が残っており、代々伝えられた貴重な宝である「寺種」をご購入いただけます。","Within the temple grounds there are still Nozawana fields left, and teradane (plant's original seeds teradane, which have not been changed or modified for the past two centuries and still exist in their pure state) can be purchased as well."]
[1710,"長野県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（野沢）","芸能・興行・イベント","三夜行","さんやこう","men residing in Nozawa Onsen aged between 40 and 42","野沢温泉に暮らす40歳～42歳の男性のみで構成される執行部はまとめて「三夜行」と呼ばれているが、彼らが全ての準備を取り仕切っており、また「猿田彦（日本神話に登場する神）の舞」や「獅子舞」、「三十六歌仙（すぐれた歌人）舞」などの神事踊りは舞楽、雅楽、舞踊の保存に取り組む湯澤神社舞楽保存会によって行われる。","While a committee—which consists only of men residing in Nozawa Onsen aged between 40 and 42—collectively called sanyako—takes charge of all the preparations, the spiritual dances, such as the Sarutahiko (Shinto god) Dance, the Lion Dance and the Dance of the thirty-six kasen (great poets), are conducted by an association of Yuzawa Shrine, which handles the preservation of bugaku, imperial court music and dance."]
[1711,"長野県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（野沢）","芸能・興行・イベント","舞楽","ぶがく","imperial court music and dance","野沢温泉に暮らす40歳～42歳の男性のみで構成される執行部はまとめて「三夜行」と呼ばれているが、彼らが全ての準備を取り仕切っており、また「猿田彦（日本神話に登場する神）の舞」や「獅子舞」、「三十六歌仙（すぐれた歌人）舞」などの神事踊りは舞楽、雅楽、舞踊の保存に取り組む湯澤神社舞楽保存会によって行われる。","While a committee—which consists only of men residing in Nozawa Onsen aged between 40 and 42—collectively called sanyako—takes charge of all the preparations, the spiritual dances, such as the Sarutahiko (Shinto god) Dance, the Lion Dance and the Dance of the thirty-six kasen (great poets), are conducted by an association of Yuzawa Shrine, which handles the preservation of bugaku, imperial court music and dance."]
[1712,"長野県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（野沢）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","お神輿","おみこし","portable shrines","翌日の9月9日は、朝から子供たちがお神輿をかついで町中を練り歩く姿が見られる。","The following day, September 9th, features a morning children’s parade before a large float of omikoshi (portable shrines) makes it way through town."]
[1713,"長野県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（野沢）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","道祖神","どうそじん","guardian deity in Shinto","道祖神は旅人や街を厄災から守ってくれる神道の守り神で、通常道端や村境、山道などにあります。","Dosojin is a guardian deity in Shinto, and usually to be found near roads, village boundaries, and mountain passes, protecting travelers and towns from harm.","※解釈には諸説あり、上記は一般説。野沢温泉ではthe deity of fertility, happy marriages, and healthy children.　(子宝、幸せな結婚、子供の健康などをもたらしてくれる神様)と解釈している。\n\nここの道祖神は、同じ大きさの一対の円筒形の木彫りの人形で、手で彩色されており、夫婦に見えます。そして子宝、幸せな結婚、子供の健康などをもたらしてくれる神様として祀られているのです。\nIt comes in pairs, hand-carved from two matching cylindrical pieces of wood, and painted to resemble a married couple; local custom celebrates them as the deity of fertility, happy marriages, and healthy children. "]
[1714,"長野県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（野沢）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","社殿","しゃでん","large wooden shrine","これら二つの「厄年」のグループが、この祭の取りまとめる中心となり、祭当日の２日前の１月13日に社殿（大きな木造の祭壇）を作る為の五本の神聖なブナの木を選びます。","These two “unlucky” age groups play an essential role as organizers for this event, selecting the five sacred beech trees from which the festival’s shaden—a large wooden shrine—is built on January 13th, two days before the main event. "]
[1715,"長野県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（野沢）","食","温泉饅頭","おんせんまんじゅう","buns filled with red bean paste","温泉饅頭（小豆餡入り饅頭）、野沢菜コロッケ、笹寿司（笹の葉の上に広げられた寿司）、ヘルシーなスムージーなど、グルメ特産品を売る屋台や露店もあります。","A handful of food stalls provide culinary specialties, including onsen manju (buns filled with red bean paste), Nozawana croquettes, sasa zushi (sushi spread out on a bamboo leaf), and healthy smoothies. "]
[1716,"長野県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（野沢）","食","笹寿司","ささずし","sushi spread out on a bamboo leaf","温泉饅頭（小豆餡入り饅頭）、野沢菜コロッケ、笹寿司（笹の葉の上に広げられた寿司）、ヘルシーなスムージーなど、グルメ特産品を売る屋台や露店もあります。","A handful of food stalls provide culinary specialties, including onsen manju (buns filled with red bean paste), Nozawana croquettes, sasa zushi (sushi spread out on a bamboo leaf), and healthy smoothies. "]
[1717,"長野県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（野沢）","人物・人名・役職名","観音","かんのん","Avalokiteshvara, the bodhisattva of compassion","眺めは百体観音の石仏が並んだ、狭く曲がりくねった道を約25分登ったところで楽しめます。観音とは「 Avalokiteśvara」つまり観音菩薩のことを指しており、地元の人々はこれらの百観音像を用いて先祖の供養や人々の安全祈願を行います。","The outlook is a 25-minute walk up a narrow, winding path lined with 100 Kannon monuments. Kannon is Avalokiteshvara, the bodhisattva of compassion, and these 100 Kannon statues are used by the locals in ceremonies to pray for their ancestors and for people’s safety."]
[1718,"長野県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（野沢）","温泉","あつ湯","あつゆ"," onsen temperature between 44 and 45 degrees Celsius ","他の外湯と比べて、この現代的な温泉施設はより広々としています。男湯、女湯のそれぞれに、露天風呂が1つ、そして熱湯（摂氏44度から45度）とぬる湯（摂氏42度から43度）から成る温度の異なる2つの内湯があります。","Compared to the other Soto Yu, this modern hot spring facility (it was built in 2011) is more spacious, including one outdoor bath and two indoor baths with different temperatures—an atsuyu (between 44 and 45 degrees Celsius) and a nuruyu (between 42 and 43 degrees Celsius)—for each gender. "]
[1719,"長野県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（野沢）","温泉","ぬる湯","ぬるゆ","onsen temperature between 42 and 43 degrees Celsius","他の外湯と比べて、この現代的な温泉施設はより広々としています。男湯、女湯のそれぞれに、露天風呂が1つ、そして熱湯（摂氏44度から45度）とぬる湯（摂氏42度から43度）から成る温度の異なる2つの内湯があります。","Compared to the other Soto Yu, this modern hot spring facility (it was built in 2011) is more spacious, including one outdoor bath and two indoor baths with different temperatures—an atsuyu (between 44 and 45 degrees Celsius) and a nuruyu (between 42 and 43 degrees Celsius)—for each gender. "]
[1720,"長野県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（野沢）","その他","おすすめコース","おすすめこーす"," chef’s recommendation course","おすすめコースを注文し、野沢温泉のノスタルジックな魅力と日本の大都市のモダンな雰囲気が融合された料理を堪能しましょう。","Order an osusume (chef’s recommendation) course, and savor Nozawa Onsen’s nostalgic charm fused with the modern vibes of urban Japan. "]
[1721,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","人物・人名・役職名","鵜匠","うしょう","cormorant master","鵜匠は毎朝６時～７時に起床する。","A cormorant master rises each morning between 6:00 and 7:00 a.m."]
[1722,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","その他","篝棒","かがりぼう","kagaribō","彼らは舟首近くの所定の位置に篝棒（水の上に金属製の火の籠を保持する長い木製のポール）を取り付ける。","They set the kagaribō—the long wooden pole that holds the metal fire basket over the water—in its place by the prow."]
[1723,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","その他","総がらみ","そうがらみ","sōgarami","そこで、舟は総がらみと呼ばれる夜のクライマックスのため、再編成される","There, they regroup for the climax of the evening, called the sōgarami."]
[1724,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","その他","首結い","くびゆい","cord that constricts the cormorant’s throat","鵜が鮎を飲み込んでしまわないようにのどを締めつける紐（首結い）の締め具合を調節する際は、それぞれの鵜の特性に配慮する必要がある。きつ過ぎると鳥を傷つける恐れがあるし、緩すぎると鳥は捕った鮎を食べてしまう。","Individual care is needed when controlling the tightness of the cord that constricts the cormorant’s throat (kubiyui) to prevent it from swallowing large ayu (sweetfish): too tight, and the bird may be injured; too loose, and the bird will gobble down its catch. "]
[1725,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","動物","鮎","あゆ","sweetfish\nor\nayu\n (Plecoglossus altivelis) ","鵜が鮎を飲み込んでしまわないようにのどを締めつける紐（首結い）の締め具合を調節する際は、それぞれの鵜の特性に配慮する必要がある。きつ過ぎると鳥を傷つける恐れがあるし、緩すぎると鳥は捕った鮎を食べてしまう。","Individual care is needed when controlling the tightness of the cord that constricts the cormorant’s throat (kubiyui) to prevent it from swallowing large ayu (sweetfish): too tight, and the bird may be injured; too loose, and the bird will gobble down its catch. "]
[1726,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","その他","かたらい","かたらい","katarai","鵜匠は、かたらいと呼ばれる鵜をペアにする手法を用いて、新鳥が飼育下の生活に適応する手助けをする。","Cormorant masters use a pairing process called katarai to help new birds adjust to captivity. "]
[1727,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","その他","中秋の名月","ちゅうしゅうのめいげつ","harvest moon","旧来の太陰暦では、鵜飼休みは８月１５日と決められていたが、現在は、中秋の名月（秋分に最も近い時期の満月）に合わせて日付が変わる。","Under the traditional lunar calendar, it was celebrated on the fifteenth day of the eighth month, but now the date varies to coincide with the harvest moon (the full moon closest to the autumn equinox). "]
[1728,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","その他","腰蓑","こしもの","straw skirts","燃料を確保するため、何百という松の丸太を割らなくてはならない。そして、新しい藁のスカート（腰蓑）と藁の草履（足半）を手で織らなければならない。","Hundreds of pine logs must be split for fuel, and new straw skirts (koshimino) and straw sandals (ashinaka) must be woven by hand. "]
[1729,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","その他","風折烏帽子","かざおりえぼし","kazaori eboshi","この、風折烏帽子と呼ばれる頭巾は、舟首に掛かっている燃える籠の炎や火の粉から鵜匠の頭を保護する。","This headcloth, called a kazaori eboshi, protects a cormorant master’s head from the flames and sparks of the fire basket that hangs from his boat’s prow. "]
[1730,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","その他","漁服","りょうふく","ryōfuku","鵜匠が重ね着の一番下に着ているのは、漁服（袖が細く裏地が無い着物とでも言うべき綿の服）である。","The first layer of a cormorant master’s attire is the ryōfuku, a cotton jacket similar to a narrow-sleeved, unlined kimono. "]
[1731,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","乗物","鵜舟","うぶね","cormorant boat","鵜舟は千鳥橋から漕ぎ出す。","The cormorant boats set out from Chidori Bridge. "]
[1732,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","その他","鵜飼","うかい","cormorant fishing","地域の鵜飼とこれに関わる流通機構は１６１９年以降、尾張藩が監督していたが、廃藩置県を以て中止されることとなる。","Both local cormorant fishing and its related distribution system, overseen by the Owari since 1619, come to a halt."]
[1733,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","その他","篝火","かがりび","kagaribi","篝火と呼ばれるこの火は、鵜に照明を提供すると同時に、鮎を水面におびき寄せる。","These fires, called kagaribi, provide light for the cormorants and lure ayu to the surface of the water. "]
[1734,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","食","鮎の姿鮨","あゆのすがたずし","ayu no sugatazushi","また、食事では、伝統的な鮎鮨や、新たな名物である鮎の姿鮨（鮎で巻かれた鮨）など、鮎の名物料理が出されることもある。","Other meals may instead include ayu specialties such as traditional ayuzushi and modern ayu no sugatazushi, or “ayu-dressed sushi.” "]
[1735,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","海岸・岬","舟釘","ふなくぎ","funakugi","乾燥させた後、板は舟釘と呼ばれる大きな鉄の釘で連結される。","Once seasoned, they are joined with large iron nails called funakugi."]
[1736,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","その他","鳥黐","とりもち","birdlime","鳥黐と呼ばれるこの物質は、鳥の羽と体にくっつき、その鳥が飛んで逃げるのを阻止するものだった。","This substance, called birdlime (torimochi), stuck to the bird’s feathers and body, preventing it from flying away. "]
[1737,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","その他","ハシガケ","はしがけ","small wooden boards ","鵜を新たな生活の地に送る時間になると、罠師は噛みつきを防止するための小さい木の板（ハシガケ）を鵜のくちばしに結び、手織りの藁籠に入れる。","When it is time to ship the cormorants to their new homes, the trappers tie small wooden boards (hashigake) to their beaks to prevent them from biting and put the birds into handwoven straw baskets. "]
[1738,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","動物","ウミウ","うみう","Japanese cormorant","ウミウは平均で全長８５センチ（頭から尾まで）である。","The Japanese cormorant averages 85 centimeters in length (head to tail). "]
[1739,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","動物","チシマウガラス","ちしまうがらす"," red-faced cormorant","チシマウガラスはウミウより小さく、平均で全長７５センチである。","The red-faced cormorant is smaller than the Japanese cormorant, averaging 75 centimeters in length."]
[1740,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","動物","ヒメウ","ひめう","pelagic cormorant","ヒメウは平均で全長およそ７３センチの、日本原産の鵜の中で最小の種である。","The pelagic cormorant is roughly 73 centimeters in length on average, the smallest cormorant species native to Japan."]
[1741,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","動物","カワウ","かわう","great cormorant","カワウはウミウとほぼ同じ大きさで、その全長はおよそ８２センチに達する。","The great cormorant is nearly as large as the Japanese cormorant, reaching around 82 centimeters in length. "]
[1742,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","乗物","舟首","せんしゅ\n（みよし・へさき）","prow","この展示の隣りには、鵜舟の舟首のレプリカを備えたインタラクティブな展示物が置かれている。","Next to this exhibit is an interactive display featuring a replica of the prow of a cormorant-fishing boat. "]
[1743,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","乗物","竿","さお","long poles","伝統的な木製の舟が長良川沿いを進んで行く。船首と船尾に乗る船員が竿を使い、舟を操っている。","These traditional wooden boats are propelled along the Nagara River with long poles (sao) held by boatmen at the prow and stern. "]
[1744,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","乗物","櫂\nオール","かい\nおーる","long oars","船員は、風、川の流れ、水深の変化に対処するため、竿と長い櫂（オール）のみを使っていつでも瞬時に航路を変えられなければならない。","The boatmen must contend with changing winds, currents, and river depth and be ready to alter course in an instant using nothing but their poles and long oars (kai). "]
[1745,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","その他","手縄","たなわ","lead","舟首のところでは、鵜匠が手縄を持って立っているのがわかる。鳥が素早く動いたり水に潜ったりすることで、縄がもつれている。","Cormorant masters (ushō) are depicted standing at the boats’ prows while holding the birds’ leads (tanawa), which have become tangled as the birds dart and dive. "]
[1746,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","書物","俳諧","はいかい","haikai ","著名な俳諧の詩人である松尾芭蕉（１６４４～１６９４年）がこの地を訪問し、自身の体験を詩にしたことで、１６８８年以降、長良川の鵜飼の評判が広まっていった。","The fame of ukai on the Nagara River spread widely after 1688, following the visit of celebrated haikai poet Matsuo Bashō (1644–1694), who wrote a poem about his experience."]
[1747,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","動物","鷹","たか","hawk","鵜の目は鷹の目と違い、近い場所を見るのに最も適しているが、光の屈折を補正する特別なレンズを備えており、水中を見ることにも上手く順応している。","Unlike hawks, cormorants see best at close range, and their eyes are well adapted to seeing underwater, with specialized lenses that compensate for light refraction. "]
[1748,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","人物・人名・役職名","とも乗り","とものり","tomonori","舟の後部に乗る舵取りの責任者は、とも乗りである。","The one in the rear, responsible for steering, is the tomonori. "]
[1749,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","人物・人名・役職名","中乗り","なかのり","nakanori","中央の船員は中乗りである。中乗りも舟の操縦を担当するが、同時に鵜匠を補助することもある。","The boatman in the middle is the nakanori, who also steers and occasionally assists the cormorant master. "]
[1750,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","人物・人名・役職名","中鵜遣い","なかうづかい","nakauzukai","中鵜遣いは鵜匠を助け、２～３羽の鵜の縄の管理を任されることも少なくない。","The nakauzukai assists the cormorant master and often manages the lines of two or three cormorants."]
[1751,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","建造物等","鳥屋","とや","coop","最も強い鳥は小屋鳥屋の中の一番良い場所を主張し、その場所を他の鳥から守るようになる。","The strongest birds claim the best spots within the coop (toya) and defend them against other birds. "]
[1752,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","人物・人名・役職名","上士","じょうし","vassals","フロイスによると、城の上部は信長の客と信頼できる上士だけが通行できたとされている。","This upper area of the castle, according to Frois, was accessible only to Nobunaga’s guests and trusted vassals. "]
[1753,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","人物・人名・役職名","公家の摂政","くげのせっしょう"," imperial regent","信長によって岐阜に迎え入れられたポルトガルの宣教師ルイス・フロイスと公家の摂政である山科言継によって書かれた記録によると、城はよくデザインされ、豪華な装飾が施され、見事な庭園に囲まれていました。","According to records written by Portuguese missionary Luis Frois and the imperial regent Yamashina Tokitsugu, who were welcomed to Gifu by Nobunaga, the castle was a well-designed and opulent complex, richly decorated and surrounded by gorgeous gardens. "]
[1754,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","その他","濃尾平野","のうびへいや"," Nobi Plain— Nobunaga’s domain","山の頂上からは、濃尾平野 - 信長の領土が見えます。","From the top of the mountain, one could see the wide, sweeping Nobi Plain— Nobunaga’s domain. "]
[1755,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","建造物等","茶室","ちゃしつ"," tea ceremony space","3階には茶室があり、4階からは城下と周辺地域の景色が見えました。","The third floor housed a tea ceremony space, and the fourth floor provided views of the city and surrounding areas below."]
[1756,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","人物・人名・役職名","中臈","ちゅうろう"," ladies-in-waiting","御手洗池周辺のこの地域は、岐阜城の諸侯の奥方の御中臈であったと考えられています。","This area around the Mitarashi Pond is believed to have been the living quarters for the ladies-in-waiting attending the wife of the lord of Gifu Castle. "]
[1757,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","建造物等","石垣","いしがき","dry-stone wall construction","この石垣は岐阜城に残されている石垣の中でも最もよく保存された例です。","This stone wall is one of the best-preserved examples of dry-stone wall construction remaining at Gifu Castle. "]
[1758,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","建造物等","台形 (石垣の形状の説明)","\nだいけい ","trapezoidal base","台形の形状により、地震時にも安定する作りとなっています。","The trapezoidal base allows for stability during earthquakes. "]
[1759,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","建造物等","貯水槽","ちょすいそう","rain water catchments","山頂の高いところでは水の確保が困難であったため、このような雨水貯水池が岩盤をくり抜いて作られ、緊急時に使用されました。","It was difficult to secure a water supply at the higher peaks of the mountain, and so rain water catchments such as this were carved out of the rock and used in times of emergency."]
[1760,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","人物・人名・役職名","大名","だいみょう"," feudal lord","1569年にポルトガルの宣教師ルイス・フロイスによって書かれたものを含む記録によれば、およそ100人の青年、様々な大名と貴族の息子は、表面上は人質として、信長に厚くもてなされていたと考えられています。","According to records, including those written by the Portuguese missionary Luis Frois in 1569, around 100 young men, the sons of various warlords and nobility, were believed to be kept as well-treated guests, ostensibly hostages, by the powerful feudal lord Oda Nobunaga"]
[1761,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","天守閣、櫓","てんしゅかく、やぐら"," the upper sections","この岐阜城の地図は歴史的に重要で、岐阜城の天守閣や櫓を示すだけではありません。","This map of Gifu Castle is historically important in that it not only shows the upper sections and fortifications of Gifu Castle"]
[1762,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","建造物等","下台所","しもだいどころ","Shimo-daidokoro","門の向こうには下台所がありました。","Beyond the gate was the Shimo-daidokoro"]
[1763,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","堀切","ほりきり","horikiri","より古い山城の特徴である堀切は、侵入を妨げるために攻撃時に崩壊する可能性がある木の橋によってつながれた尾根の道に沿って、破壊的な要素として計画されました。","A regular feature of older mountain-type castles, the horikiri were planned as disruptive elements along ridge-top paths, linked by wooden bridges that could be collapsed in times of attack to hinder the progress of invaders."]
[1764,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","その他","～と考えられている","～とかんがえられている","It is thought that","家臣や招待された客は騎乗しながら一の門を通過することが許され、ここで彼らの馬を置き、城の上部へ歩いて行くことになったと考えられています。","It is thought that high-ranking vassals and invited guests were permitted to pass through the Ichi-no-Mon (First Gate) while mounted, but would leave their horses here and proceed on foot to the castle’s upper enclosures."]
[1765,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","建造物等","門","もん","defensive wooden gates","一ノ門は、城の上部に通じる道に沿った多くの大きな防御的な木造の最初の門であると推測されています。","The Ichi-no-Mon is presumed to be the first of many large defensive wooden gates along the paths leading to the castle’s upper enclosures. "]
[1766,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","太鼓櫓","たいこやぐら"," a drum tower","当時、すべての城には、時間や門の開閉、襲撃などを城全体に知らせるために使用される太鼓の塔である太鼓矢倉がありました。","Every castle had a drum tower, used for time keeping, conveying orders such as the opening and closing of gates, and to warn the entire castle in times of attack. "]
[1767,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","建造物等","金箔飾り瓦","きんぱくかざりかわら","roof tiles covered in gold leaf","金箔で覆われた屋根瓦の遺跡も発見されましたが、このことは岐阜城が最初の装飾的な金瓦を特徴としていることを示しています。","The remains of roof tiles covered in gold leaf were also discovered, pointing to Gifu Castle being the first to feature decorative gold tiles."]
[1768,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","人物・人名・役職名","公家の藤原氏","こうはくのふじわらし","noble Fujiwara clan","二階堂行政は、公家の藤原一族の子孫であり、平安時代後期（794年 -  1185年）から鎌倉初期（1185年 -  1333年）にかけて活動していました。","Descended from the noble Fujiwara clan, Nikaido Yukimasa was active in the late Heian (794–1185) to early Kamakura (1185–1333) periods. "]
[1769,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","人物・人名・役職名","守護","しゅご","deputy military governors","長井家は守護代斉藤家の補佐をつとめる家臣でしたが、斉藤家が度重なる政治的混乱に苦しんでいたことを察知していました。","The Nagai clan were retainers of the deputy military governors, the Saito clan, but they came to prominence as the Saito suffered from repeated political turmoil. "]
[1770,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","史跡","首塚","くびづか","Dosan-zuka head mound","62歳の道三の首は取られ、岐阜城の北側にある祟福寺の近くにある道三の首塚に埋葬されました。","The 62-year-old Dosan's head was taken and was interred in the Dosan-zuka head mound near the Soufuku-ji temple north of Gifu Castle. "]
[1771,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","その他","当時の平均身長","とうじのへいきんしんちょう","(the average height at the time was 150cm–165cm). ","現在の基準でさえ、斎藤土産の息子、義龍は、身長197センチ（当時の平均身長は150センチ〜165センチ）の非常に大きな男であると言われていました。","Even by modern standards, Saito Dosan’s son, Yoshitatsu, was said to have been an exceptionally large man, standing some 197cm tall (the average height at the time was 150cm–165cm). "]
[1772,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","人物・人名・役職名","軍司","ぐんし","military advisor","稲葉山（岐阜）城は、日本で最も強い城の1つであると言われていましたが、かつての斎藤一族の軍司であった竹中半兵衛とわずか16名の家臣により1564年に落城しました。","Inabayama (Gifu) Castle was said to have been one of Japan’s strongest castles, yet it once fell to the Saito clan’s military advisor Takenaka Hanbei and a band of just 16 men in 1564!"]
[1773,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","社会","切腹","せっぷく","ritual suicide","信長は寺院内部の聖域に後退し、切腹しました。","Nobunaga retreated into the temple’s inner sanctum and committed ritual suicide."]
[1774,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","人物・人名・役職名","嫡男","ちゃくなん","eldest son","織田信長の嫡男であり、後継ぎでもあった信忠は最も有能な将軍でした。","The eldest son and heir of Oda Nobunaga, Nobutada was a most able general"]
[1775,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","社会","切腹","せっぷく","seppuku (ritual suicide)","包囲された信孝は切腹を強いられました。","Surrounded, Nobutada was forced to commit seppuku (ritual suicide). "]
[1776,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","建造物等",null,null,"the head of the Kanbe clan",null,"Oda Nobutaka was Nobunaga’s third son. As part of Nobunaga’s plan to control the important Ise region, Nobutaka was adopted by and installed as the head of the Kanbe clan, based at Kanbe Castle near Suzuka in modern-day Mie Prefecture. "]
[1777,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","人物・人名・役職名","家来","けらい"," retainer","池田元助は、幼少期から織田信長に仕えた家来で、信長の数々の合戦で功績を残した、卓越した武士でした。","A retainer serving Oda Nobunaga from childhood, Ikeda Motosuke was a skilled warrior who saw action in a number of Nobunaga’s battles."]
[1778,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","人物・人名・役職名","西国の将軍","さいごくのしょうぐん","“The Shogun of the West.”","1613年の亡くなる頃までには、彼の力と影響力は、池田輝正が西国の将軍、または「西の将軍」と呼ばれるようになりました。","By the time of his death in 1613, his power and influence was such that Ikeda Terumasa was nicknamed Saigoku no Shogun, or “The Shogun of the West.”"]
[1779,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","社会","文禄・慶長の役","ぶんろく・けいちょうのえき","Korean Campaign","秀吉、秀勝、そして岐阜城の武士たちは、朝鮮半島を征服する文禄・慶長の役へ出発しました。","Hideyoshi, Hidekatsu and the samurai of Gifu Castle set off as part of the ill-fated Korean Campaign to subjugate the Korean Peninsula. "]
[1780,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","出家","しゅっけ"," became a priest","秀信は出家しましたが、約5年後に亡くなりました。","Hidenobu renounced the world and became a priest, but died almost five years later."]
[1781,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","社会","戦国時代","せんごくじだい","Sengoku, or Warring States period","このことは、織田信長が岐阜（16世紀後半）を統治していた戦国時代にまで遡ります。","This particular well dates back to the Sengoku, or Warring States period, when Oda Nobunaga ruled from Gifu (late 16th century). "]
[1782,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","人物・人名・役職名","将軍","しょうぐん","the hereditary grand generalissimos","このスローガンの下、信長は足利家の200年の統治を経て弱体化し腐敗した最後の将軍を排除しようとしました。","Under this slogan, Nobunaga would eliminate the last of the Ashikaga Shogunate, the hereditary grand generalissimos who had become weak and corrupt over their 200-year rule"]
[1783,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","組織・団体","自由党","じゆうとう"," Japan’s Liberal Party (Jiyuto)","日本の自由党（Jiyuto）の創設者であり元武士の板垣退助の暗殺の試みがなされました。","An assassination attempt was made on the life of Japan’s Liberal Party (Jiyuto) founder and former samurai, Itagaki Taisuke, near here on October 18, 1881. April 6, 1882."]
[1784,"岐阜県","ビジットGIFU協議会","その他","10両","10りょう","10 pieces of gold","千代は彼女の家族から10両の金を受け取りました。","Chiyo received 10 pieces of gold from her family, which she kept secret"]
[1785,"岐阜県","下呂市観光客特別誘致対策協議会","温泉","温泉","おんせん","onsen","集九が挙げたトップ3の温泉には、有馬と草津と一緒に湯島が入っていました。羅山がこの一覧を是認したおかげで、下呂は有名になりました。","The top three hot springs (onsen) listed by Shuku featured Yushima alongside Arima and Kusatsu; Razan’s affirmation of that list helped Gero gain renown."]
[1786,"岐阜県","下呂市観光客特別誘致対策協議会","史跡","高札","こうさつ","Kosatsu","高札場は、江戸時代（1603年–1868年）交差点や港、橋の近くの場所など、都市や町の人の往来が多い場所に掲示された公式な通知のことです。旅行者は、都市や町に入る時に、これらの掲示板を確認していました。","Kosatsu were official notice boards displayed in heavily trafficked parts of cities and towns, such as intersections, ports, and areas near bridges, during the Edo period (1603–1868)."]
[1787,"岐阜県","下呂市観光客特別誘致対策協議会","史跡","高札場","こうさつば","kosatsuba","2009年に、江戸時代の高札場の忠実なレプリカが下呂温泉街の、高札が掲げられていた場所に立てられ、文章を手書きする掲示板が備え付けられました。","In 2009, an authentic replica of an Edo-period kosatsuba—the place where kosatsu were displayed—was erected in Gero’s hot spring district, complete with notice boards on which the text has been hand painted."]
[1788,"岐阜県","下呂市観光客特別誘致対策協議会","建造物等","旅館","りょかん","ryokan","多くの観光客が、街中に点在する無料の足湯を試したり、伝統的な旅館に宿泊して、岐阜の料理を楽しんだりすることを目当てに、下呂にやって来ます。","Many visitors come to Gero to try the free foot baths dotted around town or to stay in a traditional ryokan inn and enjoy the local cuisine."]
[1789,"岐阜県","下呂市観光客特別誘致対策協議会","温泉","足湯","あしゆ","ashiyu","下呂温泉街のあちこちに9つの足湯が点在しており、このうちの7つは無料で利用でき、一般に開放されています。4つのお湯は24時間、訪れる人々に開放されています。","There are nine foot baths (ashiyu) scattered around Gero’s hot spring district, seven of which are free to use and open to the public."]
[1790,"岐阜県","下呂市観光客特別誘致対策協議会","温泉","手湯","てゆ","teyu","下呂には手湯もあります。","Gero also has hand baths (teyu)."]
[1791,"岐阜県","下呂市観光客特別誘致対策協議会","温泉","湯めぐり手形","ゆめぐりてがた","yu-meguri tegata","どこかの旅館に宿泊しない観光客でも、旅館の浴場を有料で利用することができ、一方、頻繁に風呂に入る人なら、1日に最大3つの温泉に入ることができるパス（湯めぐり手形）を購入することができます。","Visitors who are not staying at one of the inns can use the ryokan baths for a fee, while frequent bathers can purchase a pass (yu-meguri tegata) that allows entrance to as many as three hot springs in one day."]
[1792,"岐阜県","下呂市観光客特別誘致対策協議会","温泉","浴衣","ゆかた","yukata","日中、観光客は、時に伝統的なローブ（浴衣）を着て、","During the daytime, visitors can stroll around the town, sometimes dressed in traditional robes (yukata),"]
[1793,"岐阜県","下呂市観光客特別誘致対策協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神輿","みこし","mikoshi","この龍神火まつりでは、5体の巨大な龍の人形、たくさんの松明、及び椀の形をした移動式神社（神輿）を用いて、この伝説が再現されます。","The festival reenacts the legend with five huge dragon puppets, plenty of fire, and a bowl-shaped portable shrine (mikoshi)."]
[1794,"岐阜県","下呂市観光客特別誘致対策協議会","植物","檜","ひのき","hinoki","地元の特産品には、新鮮な檜材から作られた製品や朴葉味噌などがあります。朴葉味噌は、ホオノキ（Magnolia obovata）の葉で食材を包んだ名物料理です。","Local specialties include items made from fresh hinoki cypress wood, and hoba miso, a culinary delicacy wrapped in leaves of the bigleaf magnolia tree (Magnolia obovata)."]
[1795,"岐阜県","下呂市観光客特別誘致対策協議会","食","朴葉味噌","ほばみそ","hoba miso","地元の特産品には、新鮮な檜材から作られた製品や朴葉味噌などがあります。朴葉味噌は、ホオノキ（Magnolia obovata）の葉で食材を包んだ名物料理です。","Local specialties include items made from fresh hinoki cypress wood, and hoba miso, a culinary delicacy wrapped in leaves of the bigleaf magnolia tree (Magnolia obovata)."]
[1796,"岐阜県","下呂市観光客特別誘致対策協議会","建造物等","合掌造り","がっしょうづくり","gassho-zukuri","合掌造りとは、「合掌している両手のような構造」という意味です。家屋の屋根の骨組みの丸太がなす急な三角形が合掌している両手のように見えることからこの名がつけられました。","Gassho-zukuri means “praying-hands construction”—the steep triangular shape created by the logs forming a frame for the houses’ roofs was thought to resemble two hands pressed together in prayer."]
[1797,"岐阜県","下呂市観光客特別誘致対策協議会","建造物等","合掌","がっしょう","gassho","合掌造りは「合掌している両手」を意味します。屋根の形が合掌している両手に見えることから、このように呼ばれています。","Gassho means “praying hands,” as the shape of the roofs was thought to resemble two hands pressed together in prayer."]
[1798,"岐阜県","下呂市観光客特別誘致対策協議会","植物","芒","すすき","susuki","屋根は乾燥させた芒（ススキ）でふかれています。","The roofs are thatched with dried miscanthus grass (susuki)."]
[1799,"岐阜県","下呂市観光客特別誘致対策協議会","建造物等","囲炉裏","いろり","irori","どの家屋にも囲炉裏があり、常に火がたかれています。","Every house has an irori floor hearth where a fire is constantly burning."]
[1800,"岐阜県","下呂市観光客特別誘致対策協議会","植物","ソネ","そね","neso","1963年に白川郷から現在の場所に移築されたこの家屋は、釘を使わずにマンサク（ネソ）と縄で建てられています。","Transferred to its current location from the village of Shirakawa in 1963, the house was constructed using Japanese witch hazel (neso) and rope rather than nails."]
[1801,"岐阜県","下呂市観光客特別誘致対策協議会","建造物等","妻入","つまいり","tsumairi","五箇山は、妻入様式の民家建築が特徴です。妻入とは、旧岩崎家住宅に見られるように、出入り口が切妻方向にある民家を指します。","Gokayama is noted for the tsumairi style of house building, in which the entrance is on the gable end, as seen on the Iwasaki House."]
[1802,"岐阜県","下呂市観光客特別誘致対策協議会","建造物等","平入","ひらいり","hirairi","これは、民家の長辺の方に出入り口がある平入とは異なり、より一般的なのは平入の方です。","This differs from the more common hirairi style, in which the entrance is on the long side of the house."]
[1803,"岐阜県","下呂市観光客特別誘致対策協議会","工芸・美術品","土雛","つちびな","tsuchibina","また民俗資料館には、土雛という土人形も展示されています。土雛は、下呂やその周辺の地域では、毎年春に祝われるひな祭り（少女のお祭り）と関連しています。","The Folk Museum also displays tsuchibina clay dolls, which in Gero and the surrounding region are associated with the annual Hinamatsuri (Girls’ Festival), celebrated in spring."]
[1804,"岐阜県","下呂市観光客特別誘致対策協議会","年中行事","ひな祭り","ひなまつり","Hinamatsuri","また民俗資料館には、土雛という土人形も展示されています。土雛は、下呂やその周辺の地域では、毎年春に祝われるひな祭り（少女のお祭り）と関連しています。","The Folk Museum also displays tsuchibina clay dolls, which in Gero and the surrounding region are associated with the annual Hinamatsuri (Girls’ Festival), celebrated in spring."]
[1805,"岐阜県","下呂市観光客特別誘致対策協議会","食","鶏ちゃん","けいちゃん","Keichan","市倉は串に刺して炭火でじっくり焼いたアユなどの淡水魚を専門としますが、野菜といっしょに焼いたタレ漬けの鶏肉（鶏ちゃん）や、笹の葉で包んだ寿司（笹寿司）などの地元の名物も出します。","Ichikura specializes in freshwater fish, such as ayu (sweetfish) skewered and slowly grilled over charcoal, and also serves local specialties such as marinated chicken grilled with vegetables (keichan) and sushi wrapped in dwarf bamboo (sasazushi)."]
[1806,"岐阜県","下呂市観光客特別誘致対策協議会","食","笹寿司","ささずし","sasazushi","市倉は串に刺して炭火でじっくり焼いたアユなどの淡水魚を専門としますが、野菜といっしょに焼いたタレ漬けの鶏肉（鶏ちゃん）や、笹の葉で包んだ寿司（笹寿司）などの地元の名物も出します。","Ichikura specializes in freshwater fish, such as ayu (sweetfish) skewered and slowly grilled over charcoal, and also serves local specialties such as marinated chicken grilled with vegetables (keichan) and sushi wrapped in dwarf bamboo (sasazushi)."]
[1807,"岐阜県","下呂市観光客特別誘致対策協議会","食","五平餅","ごへいもち","goehi mochi","叩いて潰されたごはんの表面に甘い味噌のペーストを塗ったボリュームのある料理で、デザートとして食べられることもある五平餅など、この地域の軽食も提供します。","It also offers regional snacks, such as gohei mochi, a hearty dish made from pounded rice and covered in sweet miso paste that can double as a dessert."]
[1808,"岐阜県","下呂市観光客特別誘致対策協議会","食","あんみつ","あんみつ","anmitsu","主に飲み物と、あんみつ（キューブ状のゼリー、甘い小豆ペースト、およびフルーツに、黒蜜のシロップをかけたもの）などのデザートを出します。","It serves mainly drinks and desserts such as anmitsu (jelly cubes, sweet azuki bean paste, and fruit topped with black kuromitsu syrup)."]
[1809,"岐阜県","下呂市観光客特別誘致対策協議会","その他","心","こころ","kokoro","「ハート」や「スピリッツ」を意味する漢字の「心」のような形をした池からは、泡立つ水の音が聞こえてきます。","Bubbling water can be heard from a pond shaped like the kanji character for kokoro (心), meaning “heart” or “spirit.”"]
[1810,"岐阜県","下呂市観光客特別誘致対策協議会","動物","蛙","かえる","kaeru","加恵瑠はカエルを意味します。「下呂」とカエルの鳴き声が日本語で同じ音のため、下呂の人々がカエルを町の非公式マスコットとして採用したのは自然なことでした。","Kaeru means frog, and since “gero” is the sound of a frog croaking in Japanese, the people of Gero made the obvious choice to adopt the frog as the town’s unofficial mascot."]
[1811,"岐阜県","下呂市観光客特別誘致対策協議会","その他","ゲロ","げろ","gero","加恵瑠はカエルを意味します。「下呂」とカエルの鳴き声が日本語で同じ音のため、下呂の人々がカエルを町の非公式マスコットとして採用したのは自然なことでした。","Kaeru means frog, and since “gero” is the sound of a frog croaking in Japanese, the people of Gero made the obvious choice to adopt the frog as the town’s unofficial mascot."]
[1812,"岐阜県","下呂市観光客特別誘致対策協議会","植物","杉","すぎ","sugi","この神社の境内は杉の木などの緑の草木で覆われています。","The shrine grounds are covered in greenery, including sugi (cryptomeria) trees."]
[1813,"岐阜県","下呂市観光客特別誘致対策協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","花笠","はながさ","hanagasa","このお祭りは春の訪れを祝うもので、地元の住人たちにとって重要な行事です。特に、色とりどりの花笠（花で覆われた大きな円錐形の帽子）","The festival celebrates the coming of spring and is an important event for local residents, especially young people, who participate by wearing colorful hanagasa (large conical hats covered in flowers)"]
[1814,"岐阜県","下呂市観光客特別誘致対策協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","田楽","でんがく","dengaku","田楽として知られる中世から続く祭事で伝統的な舞を披露する若者たちにとっては晴れ舞台です。","performing a traditional dance in a celebration known as dengaku, which dates to the Middle Ages."]
[1815,"愛知県 ","愛知県　\n犬山市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","犬山城","いぬやまじょう","Inuyama Jo","犬山城は1537年、地域の武将が領土をめぐって絶えず軍事紛争を繰り広げていた時期に織田信康（織田信長の叔父）により築城されました。","Inuyama Castle was built in 1537 by Oda Nobuyasu, uncle of Oda Nobunaga, when there was constant fighting throughout the country as regional warlords fought over territory during the Warring States period."]
[1816,"愛知県 ","愛知県　\n犬山市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","天守","てんしゅ","tenshu","犬山城の天守には、石と木が使用され、泥と白い石膏の層を追加し、火から守られています。","Inuyama Castle was constructed of stone and wood with layers of mud and white plaster added to guard against fire."]
[1817,"愛知県 ","愛知県　\n犬山市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","望楼","ぼうろう","boro","望楼は、城下町の格子状のデザインや要塞を保護するために使用される地形など、周辺地域の壮観な360度の景色をご覧いただけます。","The watchtower provides a spectacular 360-degree view of the surrounding area, including the grid-like design of the castle town and the topography that protected the fortress."]
[1818,"愛知県 ","愛知県　\n犬山市","建造物等","野面積","のずらづみ","nozurazumi","労働者は、隙間をふさぐためにしっくいを使用せずに、自然な野原の石をランダムに積み上げました（野面積）。","The castle is supported by a five-meter-high stone base that was constructed by the nozurazumi technique for building dry stone walls."]
[1819,"愛知県 ","愛知県　\n犬山市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","武者走り","むしゃばしり","mushabashiri","武者走りとして知られる回廊が部屋を囲み、城が攻撃を受けた場合に軍隊が集まるのに十分な広さです。","Surrounding these rooms is a wide corridor known as a mushabashiri (literally “warrior run”) which is wide enough for warriors to assemble and move around the castle should it come under attack. "]
[1820,"愛知県 ","愛知県　\n犬山市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","石落とし","いしおとし","ishiotoshi","北西と北東の角には、石落としの間があり、そこから防御者は、急な城壁から侵入しようとする者に対して突然の攻撃を仕掛けることができます。","Another defensive feature of the first floor is the “stone-drop” (ishiotoshi) chambers at the northwest and northeast corners."]
[1821,"愛知県 ","愛知県　\n犬山市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","武具の間","ぶぐのま","bugunoma","２階は武具庫として使用されました（武具の間）。","The second floor was used as the armory (bugu no ma). "]
[1822,"愛知県 ","愛知県　\n犬山市","建造物等","唐破風","からはふ","karahafu","このスペースに含まれる部屋は、唐破風部屋（破風の間）として知られています。成瀬正成（1567-1625）が所有した後に造築されたと言われています。","The undulating gables (karahafu) on the north and south sides were later additions and are attributed to Naruse Masanari (1567–1625) after he took possession of the castle."]
[1823,"愛知県 ","愛知県　\n犬山市","建造物等","華頭窓","かとうまど","katomado","この鐘型の窓枠（華頭窓）は装飾的な特徴であり、機能する窓ではありません。","This bell-shaped window frame (katomado) is a decorative feature, and does not enclose a window."]
[1824,"愛知県 ","愛知県　\n犬山市","人物・人名・役職名","戦国武将","せんごくぶしょう","sengokubusho\n","織田信長（1534―1582年）、豊臣秀吉（1537-1598年）、徳川家康（1543-1616年）は日本で非常に人気がある戦国武将です。","Oda Nobunaga (1534-1582), Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1537-1598), and Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-1616) were leaders during the Warring States period (1467–1568)."]
[1825,"愛知県 ","愛知県　\n犬山市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","武者隠し","むしゃがくし","mushagakushi","部屋の裏には秘密の防衛機能、武者隠しがあります。武士は引き戸の扉の後ろに隠れ、成瀬氏が攻撃された場合、援助に急ぐことができます。","Behind the alcove (tokonoma) in this room is an addition called a mushagakushi, literally “warrior hideout,” where samurai could conceal themselves and be ready to offer protection to their lord from visitors with malicious intentions."]
[1826,"愛知県 ","愛知県　\n犬山市","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","魔除け","まよけ","mayoke","犬山城の装飾的な特徴のいくつかは、この天守の木造の建物に常に存在する危険であった落雷や火などの災害から守るための護符（魔除け）として機能します。","Some of the decorative features of Inuyama Castle serve as talismans (mayoke) to guard against disasters such as lightning strikes and fire, which were an ever-present threat to this predominantly wooden building. "]
[1827,"愛知県 ","愛知県　\n犬山市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","城壁","じょうへき","joheki","取り外し可能な床板には、防御者が下の堀から急な城壁を攻略しようとする侵入者を監視できる開口部があります。 ","The unexpected element is that the floorboards are removable and reveal a trapdoor that would allow defenders to observe intruders attempting to scale the steep castle wall from the moat below. "]
[1828,"愛知県 ","愛知県　\n犬山市","工芸・美術品","座敷からくり人形","ざしきからくりにんぎょう","zashiki karakuri ningyo","からくり展示ホールに展示されている座敷からくり人形は、ロボットの原点であり、何百年もの間人々を楽しませてきました。","The mechanical dolls (zashiki karakuri ningyo) on display in the Karakuri Exhibition Hall are early forms of robots and have been used to entertain people for hundreds of years."]
[1829,"愛知県 ","愛知県　\n犬山市","芸能・興行・イベント","車山からくり","やまからくり","yamakarakuri","大きなお祭り車山人形（車山からくり）は、1635年にさかのぼる犬山まつりに登場し、毎年4月の第1週末に開催されます。","The larger “festival float dolls” feature in the Inuyama Festival, which dates back to 1635 and is still held every year during the first weekend in April."]
[1830,"愛知県 ","愛知県　\n犬山市","建造物等","武家屋敷","ぶけやしき","bukeyashiki","後に13の地区になり、メインストリートに沿って住宅が建てられ、周囲に武家屋敷があり、城が地平線上にそびえ立っていました。","The town was later divided into 13 districts, with dwellings built along the main street surrounded by samurai residences, and the castle rising up on the horizon. "]
[1831,"愛知県 ","愛知県　\n犬山市","その他","ドンデン","どんでん","donden","年に一度の巡行で犬山の通りで車山を操縦するには、チームが必要です。角を方向転換することを「ドンデン」と呼ばれる。操作は肉体的な強さと巧みの両方の偉業であり、どんでん館の名前の由来となっています。","Rounding corners is a feat of both physical strength and skillful maneuvering called donden, from which the museum derives its name."]
[1832,"愛知県 ","愛知県　\n犬山市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","つけ櫓","つけやぐら","tsukeyagura","天守の両側にある2つの砲塔（つけ櫓）は監視室としても機能します。","Inuyama Castle has two special guard rooms (tsuke yagura) on the first floor of the keep."]
[1833,"愛知県 ","愛知県　\n犬山市","工芸・美術品","屏風","びょうぶ","byoobu","4つの戦の場面が屏風全体に広がっており、右から左に時系列に配置されています。","The illustrations on this pair of folding screens (byobu) depict four battles fought between 1570 to 1600."]
[1834,"愛知県 ","愛知県　\n犬山市","工芸・美術品","鎧","よろい","yorooi","日本の武士の鎧は、金属、革、植物などの材料の混合物で作られています。","The armor worn by samurai of these times was made of a combination of materials including metal, leather, and plant fiber."]
[1835,"愛知県 ","愛知県　\n犬山市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","白帝城","はくていじょう","hakuteijo","犬山城は、「白帝城」としても知られています。江戸時代（1603〜1867）に、中国の要塞であるBaidicheng（白帝城）に例えた日本人の儒学者によって付けられた愛称です。","Inuyama Castle is also known as “The White Emperor Castle” (Hakuteijo), a nickname given to it around the year 1700 by a Japanese Confucian scholar who likened the castle to Baidicheng, a Chinese fortress mentioned in a poem by Li Bai (below)"]
[1836,"愛知県 ","愛知県　\n犬山市","建造物等","むくり屋根","むくりやね","mukuriyane","建物は、アーチ型の屋根（むくり屋根）が立ち上がっているため、この城下町の通り沿いの他の建物とは一線を画しています。","The building stands out from others along this castle town street because of the bulging lines of its roof (mukuri yane)."]
[1837,"愛知県 ","愛知県　\n犬山市","建造物等","町家","まちや","machiya","磯部邸は、江戸時代（1603〜1867）の建築様式を反映した伝統的な商家の家（町家）です。","The Isobe Residence is a traditional merchant’s family home (machiya) with an architectural style typical of the Edo period (1603–1868) in which it was built."]
[1838,"愛知県 ","愛知県　\n犬山市","集落・街","城下町","じょうかまち","jokamachi","犬山市は、城下町の遺産を保存している日本で数少ない場所の一つです。","The city of Inuyama is one of the few places in Japan where the legacy of a castle town has been so well preserved."]
[1839,"愛知県 ","愛知県　\n犬山市","芸能・興行・イベント","犬山まつり","いぬやままつり","inuyamamatsuri","犬山まつりは、 1635年、今は犬山城の足元にある針綱神社に祀られている、日本の神道の神へ平和と保護を祈る方法として始まりました。"," The Inuyama Festival began in 1635 as a way for people to pray to the deity enshrined at Haritsuna Shrine for peace and protection. "]
[1840,"愛知県 ","愛知県　\n犬山市","人物・人名・役職名","桃太郎","ももたろう","moomotaro","桃太郎神社は崇拝と魔法の両方の場所であり、日本の民話桃太郎（桃太郎）のキャラクターが生き返ります。","Momotaro Shrine is a place of both worship and legend, where the characters of the Japanese Peach Boy folktale (Momotaro) come to life."]
[1841,"愛知県 ","愛知県　\n犬山市","湖沼","入鹿池","いるかいけ","irukaike","入鹿池（いるかいけ）は、愛知県犬山市の入鹿、飛騨木曽川の国指定公園内にある人工農業用のため池です。","Lake Iruka is an artificial agricultural reservoir located in the Hida-Kisogawa Quasi-National Park in the Iruka area of the city of Inuyama"]
[1842,"愛知県 ","愛知県　\n犬山市","芸能・興行・イベント","石上げ祭り","いしあげまつり","ishiage matsuri","石上げ祭りの起源は諸説あるが、約170年程前の江戸時代、天保7年（1836年）「天保の大飢饉」の翌年から盛大になったとされます。","There are a number of theories about the origin of the Ishiage festival, but it began growing into the large-scale event it is today about 170 years ago."]
[1843,"愛知県 ","愛知県　\n犬山市","人物・人名・役職名","木花開耶姫命","このはなさくやひめのみこと","konohana sakuya himeno mikoto","ある人の夢に「木花開耶姫命（このはなさくやひめのみこと）」が現れ、尾張富士が隣の本宮山より低いことをとても嘆きました。","Princess Konohana sakuya-hime then appeared to the person in a dream and lamented that Owari Fuji was not as tall as Mt. Hongu."]
[1844,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神輿","みこし","mikoshi, or portable shrines","現在の祭りは3つの部分から構成されており、移動可能な神社である神輿の行列、それに鬼の列と9組の「だんじり」が続く。 ","The current festival is made up of three parts: a procession of portable shrines called mikoshi, followed by a line of oni and nine pairs of floats."]
[1845,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","芸能・興行・イベント","だんじり","だんじり","float, or danjiri","現在の祭りは3つの部分から構成されており、移動可能な神社である神輿の行列、それに鬼の列と9組の「だんじり」が続く。 ","The current festival is made up of three parts: a procession of portable shrines called mikoshi, followed by a line of oni and nine pairs of floats."]
[1846,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","人物・人名・役職名","役行者","えんのぎょうじゃ","En no Gyōja","1つ目は役行者の行列で、伊賀の領主藤堂高虎（1556-1630）が目の病から奇跡的に回復した後、祭りに含まれた。","The first is the En no Gyōja procession, which was included in the festival after the Iga lord Tōdō Takatora (1556–1630) made a miraculous recovery from a serious eye disease. "]
[1847,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","人物・人名・役職名","鎮西八郎為朝","ちんぜいはちろうためとも","Chinzei Hachirō Tametomo","鬼行列の第二部は、多くの物語で邪悪な鬼を退治したとして語り継がれている武士、鎮西八郎為朝（1139–1170）にちなんで名付けられた。","The second part of the oni procession is named after Chinzei Hachirō Tametomo (1139–1170), a samurai who appears in many stories as a subduer of wicked oni. "]
[1848,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","その他","しるし","しるし","shirushi float","大きな車輪の付いた木製の「だんじり」が「しるし」に続き、山車の中ではお囃子が奏でられ、それぞれ町内の住民によって曳行される。","The large, wheeled, wooden danjiri follow the shirushi and are each pulled by residents of their neighborhood as musicians play inside."]
[1849,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大御幣","おおごへい","Ōgohei","鬼行列の先頭は大御幣で、竹の幟に紙垂がついている。","At the head of the oni procession is the Ōgohei, a large bamboo staff with paper streamers. "]
[1850,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","芸能・興行・イベント","法被","はっぴ","overcoats, or happi","各町内の参加者は、地域ごとに異なる法被を着用している。","Participants from each neighborhood also wear matching overcoats (happi) that differ from neighborhood to neighborhood."]
[1851,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","社会","元王朝","げんおうちょう","Yuan dynasty ","胴幕には、元王朝（1271〜1388）に遡る中国の教育書の「二十四孝」の場面が描かれており、親孝行を称賛している。 ","The bottom curtain features scenes from “The Twenty-four Examples of Filial Piety,” a Chinese text dating back to the Yuan dynasty (1271–1388) that glorifies filial devotion. "]
[1852,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","工芸・美術品","薙刀","なぎなた","polearm, or naginata","新町の「だんじり」は、薙刀鉾として知られている。 これは、山車の屋根から突き出た日本の薙刀に由来する。","The danjiri float of Shinmachi is known as Naginata Boko, a name derived from the Japanese polearm (naginata) coming out of the float’s roof. "]
[1853,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","工芸・美術品","見送幕","みおくりまく","side banner, or back banner","見送幕の墨で書かれた碑文によると、薙刀鉾は1783年前後に作られた。","Based on an ink inscription on a side banner, Naginata Boko was built around 1783."]
[1854,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","社会","前漢時代","ぜんかんじだい","Han dynasty ","前幕は、前漢時代（206 BCE–220 CE）の英雄、張良（紀元前251–186年）の生涯が描かれている。この中に伝説的な賢者、黄石公が失くした靴を返す場面がある。","The front curtain depicts a scene from the life of Zhang Liang (251–186 BCE), a hero of the Han dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE), in which he returns lost shoes to the legendary sage, Huang Shigong."]
[1855,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","工芸・美術品","胴幕","どうまく","main curtains ","胴幕には、並んだふたつの図が描かれている。","The main curtains contain two parallel illustrations. "]
[1856,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","動物","鶯","うぐいす","Japanese bush warbler","左側には、日本鶯が松竹梅の中を飛ぶ図であり、右側には、雀がやはり松竹梅の中を飛び回る図の「松竹梅に飛雀・鶯図」である。","On the left side, a Japanese bush warbler flies among pine trees, bamboo, and plum trees; on the right, the same plants are depicted with a sparrow in flight.The pine tree, bamboo and the plum tree form a special motif in East-Asian art known in Japanese as shō-chiku-bai. "]
[1857,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","植物","松竹梅","しょうちくばい","shō-chiku-bai","左側には、日本鶯が松竹梅の中を飛ぶ図であり、右側には、雀がやはり松竹梅の中を飛び回る図の「松竹梅に飛雀・鶯図」である。","On the left side, a Japanese bush warbler flies among pine trees, bamboo, and plum trees; on the right, the same plants are depicted with a sparrow in flight.The pine tree, bamboo and the plum tree form a special motif in East-Asian art known in Japanese as shō-chiku-bai. "]
[1858,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","社会","唐時代","とうじだい","Tang dynasty ","白居易は唐時代（618–907）中国の詩に大きな影響を与えた詩人であり知事でもあった。","An influential Chinese poet and governor during the Tang dynasty (618–907), Haku Rakuten was known for his simple, accessible writing. "]
[1859,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","植物","菊","きく","chrysanthemums","中町の「しるし」は菊慈童と言われ1802年に作られた。装飾の中心の像は菊の花に囲まれた少年である。","Built in 1802, the Nakamachi shirushi float is named Kikujidō, or “Boy with Chrysanthemums,” a reference to the central figure in the decorations. "]
[1860,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","社会","明時代","みんじだい","Ming Dynasty ","「しるし」の見送幕は、明時代（1368–1644）の中国宮廷の官服から作られたと伝えられている。","The shirushi’s back banner is reportedly made from the fabric of courtly robes made in China during the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644)."]
[1861,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","植物","葵","あおい","Japanese ginger ","後半部分の葵鉾は、屋根から突き出た立ち葵が飾られた鉾からきている。","The second part, Aoiboko, comes from the spear tipped with Japanese ginger (aoigusa) that pierces its roof. "]
[1862,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","工芸・美術品","水引幕","みずひきまく","middle curtain","様々な花が「だんじり」の内側の天井から水引幕、見送幕まで飾られ、屋根には光り輝く金箔と宝石が施されている。","A variety of flowers adorn the float from the inner ceiling to the middle curtain and the side banner, and the float’s gables sparkle with gold leaf and jewels."]
[1863,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","建造物等","金箔","きんぱく","gold leaf","様々な花が「だんじり」の内側の天井から水引幕、見送幕まで飾られ、屋根には光り輝く金箔と宝石が施されている。","A variety of flowers adorn the float from the inner ceiling to the middle curtain and the side banner, and the float’s gables sparkle with gold leaf and jewels."]
[1864,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","建造物等","破風","はふ","eaves","破風には、雲竜が複雑に彫られている。","The eaves are intricately carved with dragons and clouds."]
[1865,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","社会","晋時代","しんじだい","Jin dynasty ","胴幕には、中国東晋時代（266–420）の詩人陶淵明（365–427）が故郷に帰る様子「帰去来図」が描かれている。これは、菊を愛した陶淵明の有名な詩への言及である。","The main curtain shows Tao Yuanming (365–427), a Chinese poet of the Jin dynasty (266–420), returning to his home—a reference to a famous poem also associated with chrysanthemums."]
[1866,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","工芸・美術品","「日月扇」","じつげつせん","Jitsu-getsu-sen, or “Sun, Moon, Fan” ","向島町の「しるし」は「日月扇（じつげつせん）」で、その中心は、太陽と月で飾られた伝統的な扇である。","The shirushi float of Mukaijimachō is named Jitsu-getsu-sen, or “Sun, Moon, Fan.” Its centerpiece is a traditional fan decorated with a sun and moon."]
[1867,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","植物","剪莽","せんぼう","long grass (senbō)","屋根の前面と背面には、探溟と剪莽という漢字の文字の扁額が掛けられており、長い草（剪莽）を切り倒しながら、暗闇の中を進む開拓者（探溟）を象徴している。","Japanese characters for the words tanmei and senbō are hung on the front and back of the roof, symbolizing a pioneer who moves through the darkness (tanmei) while cutting down the long grass (senbō)."]
[1868,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","その他","探溟","たんめい","pioneer (tanmei)","屋根の前面と背面には、探溟と剪莽という漢字の文字の扁額が掛けられており、長い草（剪莽）を切り倒しながら、暗闇の中を進む開拓者（探溟）を象徴している。","Japanese characters for the words tanmei and senbō are hung on the front and back of the roof, symbolizing a pioneer who moves through the darkness (tanmei) while cutting down the long grass (senbō)."]
[1869,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","植物","桐","きり","paulownia tree (kiri) ","東町の「だんじり」桐本は、東町の菅原神社の敷地内にある桐の大木にちなんで命名された。 ","The Higashimachi danjiri float, Kirimoto, was named after the large paulownia tree (kiri) on the grounds of the Sugawara-jinja Shrine in Higashimachi. "]
[1870,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","工芸・美術品","蘭亭曲水の宴図","らんていきょくすいのうたげ(えん）ず","banquet in an orchid pavilion next to a winding stream","横と後部の胴幕には「蘭亭曲水の宴図」が刺繍されている。","The side and rear curtains depict a banquet in an orchid pavilion next to a winding stream. "]
[1871,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","植物","牡丹","ぼたん","peonies","「だんじり」自体は、菊、牡丹と縁起の良い松竹梅で覆われている。","The danjiri itself is covered in images of chrysanthemums, peonies, and the auspicious triad of pine, bamboo, and plum blossoms (shō-chiku-bai). "]
[1872,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","工芸・美術品","篠笛","しのぶえ","shinobue flutes","他の「だんじり」には通常、強いリズミカルな旋律を伴うが、桐本「だんじり」の演奏者は、小さな摺鉦、太鼓、篠笛、鼓および三味線を使用して、穏やかで雅な曲を演奏する。","The other floats are typically accompanied with strong, rhythmic music, but performers on the Kirimoto danjiri use small gongs, taiko drums, shinobue flutes, hand drums, and a shamisen to play calm, elegant compositions."]
[1873,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","工芸・美術品","摺鉦","すりがね","gong","他の「だんじり」には通常、強いリズミカルな旋律を伴うが、桐本「だんじり」の演奏者は、小さな摺鉦、太鼓、篠笛、鼓および三味線を使用して、穏やかで雅な曲を演奏する。","The other floats are typically accompanied with strong, rhythmic music, but performers on the Kirimoto danjiri use small gongs, taiko drums, shinobue flutes, hand drums, and a shamisen to play calm, elegant compositions."]
[1874,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","工芸・美術品","鼓","つづみ","hand drums","他の「だんじり」には通常、強いリズミカルな旋律を伴うが、桐本「だんじり」の演奏者は、小さな摺鉦、太鼓、篠笛、鼓および三味線を使用して、穏やかで雅な曲を演奏する。","The other floats are typically accompanied with strong, rhythmic music, but performers on the Kirimoto danjiri use small gongs, taiko drums, shinobue flutes, hand drums, and a shamisen to play calm, elegant compositions."]
[1875,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","工芸・美術品","太鼓","たいこ","taiko drums","他の「だんじり」には通常、強いリズミカルな旋律を伴うが、桐本「だんじり」の演奏者は、小さな摺鉦、太鼓、篠笛、鼓および三味線を使用して、穏やかで雅な曲を演奏する。","The other floats are typically accompanied with strong, rhythmic music, but performers on the Kirimoto danjiri use small gongs, taiko drums, shinobue flutes, hand drums, and a shamisen to play calm, elegant compositions."]
[1876,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","工芸・美術品","囲碁","いご","go","水引幕には、音楽、囲碁、書道、絵画の4つの伝統芸術に秀でた賢者を表す「群賢琴棋書画図」である。","The middle curtain shows wise men practicing the four traditional arts: music, go, calligraphy, and painting. "]
[1877,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","工芸・美術品","緋羅紗","ひらしゃ","velvet","赤い緋羅紗の「しるし」は、福居町の住人であった松尾芭蕉（1644–1694）の書であると言われている。 ","The red velvet flag on the shirushi float depicts the name of the neighborhood, Fukuichō, in what is believed to be the calligraphy of Matsuo Bashō (1644–1694). "]
[1878,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","芸能・興行・イベント","連歌","れんが","renga, or Japanese linked verse","水引幕には日本的な詩歌の環である連歌を構成する歌人の画像が刺繍されている。","The middle curtain is embroidered with images of poets composing renga, a style of Japanese linked verse. "]
[1879,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","工芸・美術品","三十六歌仙図","さんじゅうろっかせんず","kasen renga poem","「三十六歌仙図」で、三十六首の和歌が描かれている。","The poets are the Thirty-Six Immortal Poets, and their number represents a kasen renga poem, which has 36 stanzas."]
[1880,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","建造物等","欄縁錺金具","らんぶちかざりかなぐ","metal borders and fittings","「三明だんじり」の欄縁錺金具は、正確な毛彫り打ち出しの彫刻で注目に値する。 ","The metal borders and fittings of the Sanmei danjiri are noteworthy for their precise hairline engravings. "]
[1881,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","四神","しじん","shijin","四隅のそれぞれに四神である、中国の伝説の方角を表す青龍、朱雀、白虎、玄武を表す飾金具が取り付けられている。","Each of the four corners illustrates a member of the shijin—the blue dragon, red bird, white tiger, and black tortoise that represent the seasons and cardinal directions in Chinese mythology."]
[1882,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","工芸・美術品","締太鼓","しめだいこ","shime-daiko","「三明だんじり」に同行するお囃子は、小さい鉦の摺り鉦、締太鼓、太鼓、竹製の竜笛などの楽器を演奏する。","Festival musicians accompanying the Sanmei danjiri play instruments such as the surigane, a small gong, the shime-daiko, a drum, and the ryūteki, a bamboo flute. "]
[1883,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","工芸・美術品","竜笛","りゅうてき","ryūteki, bamboo flute","「三明だんじり」に同行するお囃子は、小さい鉦の摺り鉦、締太鼓、太鼓、竹製の竜笛などの楽器を演奏する。","Festival musicians accompanying the Sanmei danjiri play instruments such as the surigane, a small gong, the shime-daiko, a drum, and the ryūteki, a bamboo flute. "]
[1884,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","芸能・興行・イベント","月鉾","つきほこ","Tsuki Hoko, “moon spear” ","鍛冶町の「しるし」は三日月形の刃を持つ特大な長い武器であり、「月鉾」と呼ばれている。","The shirushi float of Kajimachi, an oversized pole arm with a blade in the shape of a crescent moon, is called Tsuki Hoko, meaning “moon spear.” "]
[1885,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","建造物等","眼象","げんしょう","genshō","「二東だんじり」の花の屋根の上には、眼の形を表した眼象（げんしょう）という構造物が載っている","Atop the floral roof of the Nitō danjiri is a genshō, an architectural feature representing an eye. "]
[1886,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","動物","御殿鷹","ごてんたか","falcon","上部の天幕には、桐の木に鳳凰と御殿鷹の図が描かれている。","The top curtain bears illustrations of falcons and a phoenix in a paulownia tree."]
[1887,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","動物","鳳凰","ほうおう","phoenix ","上部の天幕には、桐の木に鳳凰と御殿鷹の図が描かれている。","The top curtain bears illustrations of falcons and a phoenix in a paulownia tree."]
[1888,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","工芸・美術品","飲中八仙図","いんちゅうはっせんず","Eight Drunken Hermits","1886年までさかのぼる水引幕は、明治時代（1868〜1912年）に日本美術界で人気のあった（元は中国の）テーマである「飲中八仙図」が刺繍されている。","Dating to 1886, the middle curtain depicts the Eight Drunken Hermits, a popular (originally Chinese) theme in Japanese art during the Meiji era (1868–1912). "]
[1889,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","工芸・美術品","天幕","てんまく"," top curtain","上部の天幕には、桐の木に鳳凰と御殿鷹の図が描かれている。","The top curtain bears illustrations of falcons and a phoenix in a paulownia tree."]
[1890,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","建造物等","籬","まがき・ませ","small fence","胴幕には、籬の背後に菊畑、小枝で作られた小さな垣根が描かれている。","The curtains depict a field of chrysanthemums behind a small fence made of brushwood."]
[1891,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","動物","孔雀","くじゃく","peacock","雲の中を飛翔する雲龍は、刻糸に孔雀の羽を混ぜて幕に刺繍され、眩しい乳白色の効果が生まれている。","An image of a dragon among the clouds is embroidered with peacock feather thread in the banner’s base fabric, creating a dazzling opalescent effect."]
[1892,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","工芸・美術品","羯鼓","かっこ","kakko drum, or drum","羯鼓は豊かな布地と装飾に包まれ、1863年に作られて以来、西町の人々に幸せをもたらすシンボルとなった。","The drum is surrounded by rich fabrics and decorations representing the happiness of Nishimachi’s residents during the shirushi’s creation in 1863."]
[1893,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","霊獣","れいじゅう","reiju","「だんじり」の天幕には、定型化された草に囲まれた多くの伝説の獣や霊獣が描かれている。","The top curtain of the danjiri shows a multitude of legendary beasts, or reiju, surrounded by stylized grasses. "]
[1894,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","工芸・美術品","簾","すだれ","screen, or sudare","これらのきらびやかな装飾は、中ほどまで降ろされた簾に囲まれている。","These glittering decorations surround a halfway-lowered screen, or sudare. "]
[1895,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","悪鬼","あっき","Akuma-oni, or the “Devil Spirit,” ","大御幣の後ろに続くのは、悪鬼（あっき）という強い鬼が役行者行列を導く。","Following the Ōgohei is the Akuma-oni, or the “Devil Spirit,” which leads the En no Gyōja procession. "]
[1896,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","工芸・美術品","狩衣","かりぎぬ","kariginu","恐ろしい表情の能面をつけ、9世紀から12世紀にかけて貴族が伝統的に身に着けていた狩衣をまとい、蛇のような体を隠している。","Wearing a Noh mask with a fearsome expression, it hides its snakelike body in a kariginu, a robe traditionally worn by nobles throughout the ninth to the twelfth centuries."]
[1897,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","八天","はってん","hatten, or minor spirits","八天は自然界に生息する小さな精霊で、行列の中で大騒ぎをする。","Hatten, or minor spirits that live in the natural world, run amok throughout the procession. "]
[1898,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","ひょろつき鬼","ひょろつきおに","hyōrōtsuki-oni, or “staggering spirits” ","さらに、いたずらをしながら大きな鐘を背負った「ひょろつき鬼」が群衆の中で、子供たちを驚かせようとしている。","Adding to the mischief-making are performers like the hyōrōtsuki-oni, or “staggering spirits,” who carry heavy objects on their backs and try to startle children in the crowd. If a child shrieks, it is said to be a sign that they will grow up strong."]
[1899,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","芸能・興行・イベント","俳諧","はいかい","haikai ","連歌と俳諧の歴史に関する資料は貸出し可能で、博物館には約20種に及ぶ項目が定期的に展示されている。 ","Resources on the history of renga and haikai are available, and the museum regularly displays about two dozen items. "]
[1900,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","書物","「三冊子」","さんぞうし","San-zōshi, or “Three Booklets” ","蓑虫庵の建物と土地はもともと、芭蕉の弟子の一人であり、彼自身も俳人であった服部土芳（1657〜1730）の所有であった。土芳は後に、芭蕉の著作や教えの多くを「三冊子（さんぞうし）」にまとめた。 ","The house and land originally belonged to Hattori Dohō (1657–1730), one of Bashō’s disciples and a poet in his own right, who later compiled many of Bashō’s writings and teachings into the San-zōshi, or “Three Booklets.” "]
[1901,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","建造物等","句碑","くひ","stone tablets","蓑虫庵の境内には、芭蕉の作品が記された多くの句碑がある。","Within the grounds of Minomushi-an are many stone tablets that bear Bashō’s writing."]
[1902,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","書物","「貝おほい」","かいおおい","Kai-ōi (Seashell Game)","この「月を釣る家」の意味の小屋で、芭蕉は最初の句集「貝おほい」を1672年に出版した。 ","That name, which can be translated as “fishing moon house,” comes from the first collection of poetry that Bashō published while living here in 1672, called the Kai-ōi (Seashell Game). "]
[1903,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","動物","臍帯","さいたい","umbilical cord","これは、将来の健康を願うために、子供の臍帯を保存する日本の習慣を指している。 ","This refers to the Japanese custom of saving a small piece of child’s umbilical cord to ward off evil and ensure their health into adulthood."]
[1904,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","工芸・美術品","腰簑","こしみの","sash","上部の湾曲した屋根は彼の旅笠をイメージし、下部の八角形の屋根は芭蕉の合羽と腰簑をイメージしている。","Its upper curved roof corresponds to his hat, while the lower octagonal roof corresponds to his coat and sash. "]
[1905,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","明王","みょうおう","myō-ō","この地区の いくつかのお寺の一つである。主仏は五つの知恵の明王の一人である愛染明王で、人間の情熱と愛欲を司り、地上の欲望を通して、霊的な悟りを達成できるように信者を助けるのである。","It is one of several temples in the area that worship Aizen Myō-ō, one of the Five Wisdom Kings (myō-ō) and the deity of human passion and lust who aids followers in achieving spiritual awakening through earthly desires."]
[1906,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","植物","芭蕉","ばしょう","banana tree ","墓地の庭には、芭蕉の名前の由来になったバナナの木（芭蕉）と、芭蕉が旅の間、使い続けた杖の材料であった椿の象徴的な二種類の植物が植えられている。 ","The cemetery garden includes two significant plants: a banana tree (bashō), which is the poet’s namesake, and a camellia, the kind of wood used to make Bashō’s walking stick. "]
[1907,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","植物","椿","つばき","camellia","墓地の庭には、芭蕉の名前の由来になったバナナの木（芭蕉）と、芭蕉が旅の間、使い続けた杖の材料であった椿の象徴的な二種類の植物が植えられている。 ","The cemetery garden includes two significant plants: a banana tree (bashō), which is the poet’s namesake, and a camellia, the kind of wood used to make Bashō’s walking stick. "]
[1908,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","動物","酵母","こうぼ","yeast","酒には、米、水、酵母、麹の4原料しかなく、これらのシンプルな素材を使用して、酒蔵は信じられないほど多様な味とスタイルを生み出してきた。","There are only four ingredients in sake: rice, water, yeast, and koji―steamed rice, upon which a specific mold has been grown. With these simple components, sake brewers can create an impressive variety of tastes and styles."]
[1909,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","食","麹","こうじ","koji","酒には、米、水、酵母、麹の4原料しかなく、これらのシンプルな素材を使用して、酒蔵は信じられないほど多様な味とスタイルを生み出してきた。","There are only four ingredients in sake: rice, water, yeast, and koji―steamed rice, upon which a specific mold has been grown. With these simple components, sake brewers can create an impressive variety of tastes and styles."]
[1910,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","動物","麹菌","こうじきん","koji mold (Aspergillus oryzae)","その後、一部を使用して麹菌を成長させるために蒸す。","It is then steamed, and a portion is used to grow the koji mold (Aspergillus oryzae)."]
[1911,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","食","杜氏","とうじ","tōji, or master brewer","大田酒造の新しい杜氏は所有者の息子であり、彼は柔らかく甘い味で知られている「＆」（アンド）のシリーズを発売した。","Ota brewery’s new tōji (master brewer) is the son of the owners, and he launched the Ando (“&”) variety of sake, known for its softer, sweeter taste. "]
[1912,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","食","蔵元","くらもと","kuramoto, or brewery owners","1980年代後半、彼女と夫の秀樹氏は、醸造場で父親に加わり、蔵元でありながら杜氏となる道を選び修行したのである。","During the late 1980s, she and her husband, Hideki, joined her father at the brewery, where they learned how to become tōji as well as kuramoto (brewery owners). "]
[1913,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","食","高級純米酒","こうきゅうじゅんまいしゅ","premium junmai sake ","るみ子さんと彼女の夫は焦点を移し、伝統的な技法と現代的な技法の両方を駆使し、高級純米酒だけを生産するようになった。","Rumiko and her husband have shifted its focus, producing only premium junmai sake using both traditional and modern techniques. "]
[1914,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","山伏","やまぶし","yamabushi, or mountain ascetics","忍者は山に向う場合、山伏姿に変装した。","If they were headed into the mountains, they might dress as yamabushi, or mountain ascetics. "]
[1915,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","工芸・美術品","鎌","かま","sickle","武士以外は刀や銃器を携行することは違法だったが、鎌、刃物、その他の道具は危ない忍具として使用できた。","It was unlawful for anyone but the samurai to carry swords and firearms, but sickles, knives, and other tools could be applied as deadly weapons."]
[1916,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","芸能・興行・イベント","「伊賀流」","いがりゅう","igaryū, or the “Iga school”","1964年に開館した伊賀流忍者博物館では、伊賀地方の忍者の歴史と、忍術と実演（総称して「伊賀流」）を幅広くを訪問者に紹介している。","Beginning in 1964, the Ninja Museum of Igaryū has offered visitors a broad view of ninja history and the techniques and practices that were specific to the ninja of the Iga region, collectively known as igaryū, or the “Iga school.”"]
[1917,"三重県","一般社団法人伊賀上野観光協会","植物","トリカブト","とりかぶと","aconite","手裏剣にはしばしば毒であるトリカブトが塗られていた。","Shuriken were sometimes dipped in aconite, a deadly poison."]
[1918,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","島しょ","神島","かみしま","Kamishima Island","神島","Kamishima Island"]
[1919,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","年中行事","ゲーター祭り\n","げーたーまつり","Geta Matsuri Festival","ゲーター祭り","Geta Matsuri Festival"]
[1920,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","八代神社","やつしろじんじゃ","Yatsushiro Jinja Shrine","この伝統的な新年の行事は、元旦の夜明け前に八代神社で開催されます。","This traditional New Year’s rite is held at Yatsushiro Jinja Shrine well before dawn on the morning of January 1."]
[1921,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","史跡","洗濯場\n","せんたくば","Laundry Spot","洗濯場","Laundry Spot"]
[1922,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","史跡","時計台跡","とけいだいあと","The Old Clock Stand","時計台跡","The Old Clock Stand"]
[1923,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","島しょ","答志島","とうしじま","Toshijima Island","答志島","Toshijima Island"]
[1924,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","食","ワカメの塩漬け","わかめのしおづけ","salted wakame seaweed","島の主な産業のひとつはワカメの塩漬けの生産で、昔から一貫して伝統的な方法で収穫と加工が行われています。","One of the island’s main industries is the production of salted wakame seaweed, which is still harvested and processed using traditional methods."]
[1925,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","八幡神社","はちまんじんじゃ","Hachiman Jinja","八幡神社","Hachiman Jinja"]
[1926,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","年中行事","八幡祭","はちまんまつり","Hachiman Festival","八幡祭","Hachiman Festival"]
[1927,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","美多羅志神社\n","みたらしじんじゃ","Mitarashi Jinja Shrine","美多羅志神社","Mitarashi Jinja Shrine"]
[1928,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","建造物等","富士見展望台\n","ふじみてんぼうだい","Fujimi Observation Deck","富士見展望台","Fujimi Observation Deck"]
[1929,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","島しょ","小築海島\n","こずくみじま","Kozukumi-jima Islands","小築海島","Kozukumi-jima Islands"]
[1930,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","島しょ","大築海島","おずくみじま","Ozukumi-jima Islands","大築海島","Ozukumi-jima Islands"]
[1931,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","海岸・岬","大間の浜","おおまのはま","Oma Beach","大間の浜","Oma Beach"]
[1932,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","集落・街","答志集落","とうししゅうらく","hamlets of Toshi","答志集落と和具集落の境界をまたいで広がる浜は、夏の海水浴スポットとして人気があります。","Straddling the boundary between the hamlets of Toshi and Wagu, it is a favorite swimming spot during the summer months."]
[1933,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","集落・街","和具集落","わぐしゅうらく","hamlets of Wagu","答志集落と和具集落の境界をまたいで広がる浜は、夏の海水浴スポットとして人気があります。","Straddling the boundary between the hamlets of Toshi and Wagu, it is a favorite swimming spot during the summer months."]
[1934,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","植物","ヤマトタチバナ","やまとたちばな","Yamato Tachibana","ヤマトタチバナ","Yamato Tachibana"]
[1935,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","社会","寝屋子制度","ねやこせいど","neyako system","ここでは、10代の若者が修養のために地元の漁師と生活の一部をともにする「寝屋子制度」が今でも実践されています。","The neyako system, in which teenage boys are sent to live part-time with local fishermen for training, is still practiced here. "]
[1936,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","人物・人名・役職名","寝屋親","ねやおや","neya-oya","少年たちは、大抵の場合は漁師である受け入れ先の家長「寝屋親」から学びながら余暇を過ごします。","Free time is generally spent learning from the neya-oya, the head of the host family, who is often a fisherman."]
[1937,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","島しょ","菅島\n","すがしま","Sugashima Island","菅島","Sugashima Island"]
[1938,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","菅島神社","すがしまじんじゃ","Sugashima Jinja Shrine","菅島神社","Sugashima Jinja Shrine"]
[1939,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","真綿の神さん","まわたのかみさん","Mawata-no-kamisan","敷地内の見どころには、ウミガメの形をした亀石や、生まれたばかりの赤ちゃんの両親が子どもの健康を祈って薄い真綿で包む神聖な石、「真綿の神さん(the god of gauze)」などがあります。","Other sights within the grounds include the kame-ishi, a boulder in the shape of a sea turtle, and Mawata-no-kamisan (“the god of gauze”), a sacred stone that new parents wrap with gauze to express their wish for the health of their babies."]
[1940,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","島しょ","坂手島","さかてじま","Sakatejima Island","坂手島","Sakatejima Island"]
[1941,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","湖沼","アヤメ池\n","あやめいけ","Ayame Iris Pond","アヤメ池","Ayame Iris Pond"]
[1942,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","海岸・岬","姫の浜","ひめのはま","Hime-no-hama Beach","姫の浜","Hime-no-hama Beach"]
[1943,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","建造物等","旧坂手小学校","きゅうさかてしょうがっこう","former Sakate Elementary School","浜は、旧坂手小学校のすぐそばにあります。","The beach is located down the steps from the former Sakate Elementary School."]
[1944,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","若宮神社","わかみやじんじゃ","Wakamiya Jinja Shrine","若宮神社","Wakamiya Jinja Shrine"]
[1945,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","年中行事","棒練り祭り","ぼうねりまつり","Bo-neri Matsuri (Pole Procession Festival)","最も有名な行事のひとつは棒練り祭り（Pole Procession Festival）で、1671年以来途切れることなく毎年開催されていました。","One of the most famous was the Bo-neri Matsuri (Pole Procession Festival), which had been held every year without fail since 1671. "]
[1946,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","植物","タブノキ\n","たぶのき","Tabunoki Trees","タブノキ","Tabunoki Trees"]
[1947,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","動物","マダイ","まだい","madai sea bream","ここで獲れるのは、主にマダイやハマチ、海苔を作るのに使われる海藻をはじめとした、日本料理によく登場する食材です。","Major harvests include madai sea bream, hamachi amberjack, and seaweeds used to prepare nori and other mainstays of Japanese cuisine."]
[1948,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","動物","ハマチ","はまち","hamachi amberjack","ここで獲れるのは、主にマダイやハマチ、海苔を作るのに使われる海藻をはじめとした、日本料理によく登場する食材です。","Major harvests include madai sea bream, hamachi amberjack, and seaweeds used to prepare nori and other mainstays of Japanese cuisine."]
[1949,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","食","答志島トロさわら","とうしじまとろさわら","Toshijima Island Toro-sawara Mackerel","答志島トロさわら","Toshijima Island Toro-sawara Mackerel"]
[1950,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","食","岩牡蠣","いわがき","iwa-gaki (“rock oysters”)","この地域は夏に獲れる大振りの岩牡蠣（rock oyster）と冬が旬の小振りの真牡蠣（true oyster）の二種の牡蠣で有名です。","The region is famed for two species: the larger iwa-gaki (“rock oysters”), whose season is in the summer months, and the smaller ma-gaki (“true oysters”) in winter."]
[1951,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","食","真牡蠣","まがき","ma-gaki (“true oysters”)","この地域は夏に獲れる大振りの岩牡蠣（rock oyster）と冬が旬の小振りの真牡蠣（true oyster）の二種の牡蠣で有名です。","The region is famed for two species: the larger iwa-gaki (“rock oysters”), whose season is in the summer months, and the smaller ma-gaki (“true oysters”) in winter."]
[1952,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","食","ワカメ","わかめ","wakame","鳥羽は、ワカメ、アラメ、ヒジキ、アオサ、ケノリ、クロノリ、テングサの品質の高さで特によく知られています。","Toba is particularly well known for high-quality wakame, arame, hijiki, aosa, kenori, kuronori, and tengusa"]
[1953,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","植物","アラメ","あらめ","arame","鳥羽は、ワカメ、アラメ、ヒジキ、アオサ、ケノリ、クロノリ、テングサの品質の高さで特によく知られています。","Toba is particularly well known for high-quality wakame, arame, hijiki, aosa, kenori, kuronori, and tengusa"]
[1954,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","食","ヒジキ","ひじき","hijiki","鳥羽は、ワカメ、アラメ、ヒジキ、アオサ、ケノリ、クロノリ、テングサの品質の高さで特によく知られています。","Toba is particularly well known for high-quality wakame, arame, hijiki, aosa, kenori, kuronori, and tengusa"]
[1955,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","食","アオサ","あおさ","aosa","鳥羽は、ワカメ、アラメ、ヒジキ、アオサ、ケノリ、クロノリ、テングサの品質の高さで特によく知られています。","Toba is particularly well known for high-quality wakame, arame, hijiki, aosa, kenori, kuronori, and tengusa"]
[1956,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","食","ケノリ","けのり","kenori","鳥羽は、ワカメ、アラメ、ヒジキ、アオサ、ケノリ、クロノリ、テングサの品質の高さで特によく知られています。","Toba is particularly well known for high-quality wakame, arame, hijiki, aosa, kenori, kuronori, and tengusa"]
[1957,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","食","クロノリ","くろのり","kuronori","鳥羽は、ワカメ、アラメ、ヒジキ、アオサ、ケノリ、クロノリ、テングサの品質の高さで特によく知られています。","Toba is particularly well known for high-quality wakame, arame, hijiki, aosa, kenori, kuronori, and tengusa"]
[1958,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","食","テングサ","てんぐさ","tengusa","鳥羽は、ワカメ、アラメ、ヒジキ、アオサ、ケノリ、クロノリ、テングサの品質の高さで特によく知られています。","Toba is particularly well known for high-quality wakame, arame, hijiki, aosa, kenori, kuronori, and tengusa"]
[1959,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","食","塩ワカメ","しおわかめ","Shio-wakame","塩ワカメ","Shio-wakame"]
[1960,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","食","干物","ほしもの","Sun-Dried Foods","干物","Sun-Dried Foods"]
[1961,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","食","サメのタレ","さめのたれ","Same-no-tare","サメのタレ","Same-no-tare"]
[1962,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","その他","たこつぼ","たこつぼ","Octopus Jars","たこつぼ","Octopus Jars"]
[1963,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","食","たこめし","たこめし","Tako-meshi","タコを刻んで米と一緒に茹でた「たこめし」は、島の人気料理です。","Tako-meshi, rice cooked with chopped octopus, is a popular island dish."]
[1964,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","その他","さんでのそこ","さんでのそこ","sande-no-soko","地元の人々は、村の中心にある行き止まりのことを、渦巻き状になっているサザエの底という意味の「さんでのそこ」と呼んでいます。","The dead end in the village center is called sande-no-soko by local residents—a reference to the curlicue-shaped bottom of a turban shell."]
[1965,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","その他","海女\n","あま","Ama Divers","海女","Ama Divers"]
[1966,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","セーマン","せーまん","seiman","海女は伝統的にセーマンとドーマンと呼ばれる海女を仕事中に見守ってくれる二つのシンボルで衣装を飾ります。","Ama traditionally decorate their gear with a pair of symbols called seiman and doman as talismans to watch over them as they work."]
[1967,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","ドーマン","どーまん","doman","海女は伝統的にセーマンとドーマンと呼ばれる海女を仕事中に見守ってくれる二つのシンボルで衣装を飾ります。","Ama traditionally decorate their gear with a pair of symbols called seiman and doman as talismans to watch over them as they work."]
[1968,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","動物","トモカヅキ","ともかづき","tomokazuki","特に恐れられている悪霊はトモカヅキというドッペルゲンガーのような化け物で、海女の姿で現れ、油断した海女を危険に誘うと言われています。","Chief among those is the dreaded tomokazuki, a doppelganger-like creature who manifests as a diver and lures unwary ama into danger."]
[1969,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","年中行事","しろんご祭","しろんごまつり","Shirongo Matsuri Festival","しろんご祭","Shirongo Matsuri Festival"]
[1970,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","白髭神社","しらひげじんじゃ","Shirahige Jinja Shrine","白髭神社","Shirahige Jinja Shrine"]
[1971,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","人物・人名・役職名","白髭明神","しらひげみょうじん","Shirahige Myojin","しろんご浜の崖のすぐ上にあるこの神社は、白髭明神と呼ばれる守護神を祀っています。","This shrine, located just up the cliffs from Shirongo Beach, honors a guardian deity called Shirahige Myojin."]
[1972,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","人物・人名・役職名","石神さん","いしがみさん","Ishigami-san","石神さん（石の神様という意味）という愛称で呼ばれる大きな岩は、相差（おうさつ）町の神明神社にあります。","A large rock, popularly called Ishigami-san (literally, honorable deity of the rock), is located inside Shinmei Jinja shrine in Osatsu-cho."]
[1973,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神明神社","しんめいじんじゃ","Shinmei Jinja shrine","石神さん（石の神様という意味）という愛称で呼ばれる大きな岩は、相差（おうさつ）町の神明神社にあります。","A large rock, popularly called Ishigami-san (literally, honorable deity of the rock), is located inside Shinmei Jinja shrine in Osatsu-cho."]
[1974,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","建造物等","海女小屋","あまごや","Ama Huts","海女小屋","Ama Huts"]
[1975,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","伊勢神宮","いせじんぐう","Ise Jingu Grand Shrine","伊勢神宮","Ise Jingu Grand Shrine"]
[1976,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","皇大神宮（または内宮）","こうたいじんぐう　ないくう","Kotai-jingu (also known as the Naiku, or Inner Shrine)","実は、伊勢神宮は、皇大神宮（または内宮）と豊受大神宮（または外宮）の本殿を中心とした125の異なる神社の総称です。","“Ise Jingu” actually refers to a complex of 125 distinct shrines, chief among them Kotai-jingu (also known as the Naiku, or Inner Shrine), and Toyouke-daijingu (also called the Geku, Outer Shrine). "]
[1977,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","豊受大神宮（または外宮）","とようけのだいじんぐう　げくう","Toyouke-daijingu (also called the Geku, Outer Shrine)","実は、伊勢神宮は、皇大神宮（または内宮）と豊受大神宮（または外宮）の本殿を中心とした125の異なる神社の総称です。","“Ise Jingu” actually refers to a complex of 125 distinct shrines, chief among them Kotai-jingu (also known as the Naiku, or Inner Shrine), and Toyouke-daijingu (also called the Geku, Outer Shrine). "]
[1978,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神饌","しんせん","Sacred Meals","神饌","Sacred Meals"]
[1979,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","人物・人名・役職名","倭姫命","わまとひめのみこと","Yamatohime-no-mikoto","伝承によると、皇女、倭姫命（やまとひめのみこと）は、二千年前に伊勢神宮を建立した後、神社の供物にふさわしい品を供給できる土地を求めて伊勢志摩地域をめぐりました。","According to legend, after founding Ise Jingu Grand Shrine 2,000 years ago, Princess Yamatohime-no-mikoto traveled throughout the Ise-Shima region in search of places capable of supplying the shrine with suitable offerings."]
[1980,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","史跡","血洗い池","ちあらいいけ","Chiarai-ike Pond","血洗い池","Chiarai-ike Pond"]
[1981,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","山岳","大山","おおやま","Mt. Oyama","鳥羽港からフェリーで15分の菅島では、ハイキングコースは軍の施設跡と多くの動植物が生息する大山の山頂に続いています。","On Sugashima, a 15-minute ferry ride from Toba port, trails lead to military ruins and the summit of Mt. Oyama, home to many species of plants and animals. "]
[1982,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","自然現象","カルスト地形\n","かるすとちけい","Karst Formations","カルスト地形","Karst Formations"]
[1983,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","建造物等","神島灯台","かみしまとうだい","Kamishima Lighthouse","神島灯台","Kamishima Lighthouse"]
[1984,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","人物・人名・役職名","綿津見命","わたつみのみこと","Watatsumi-no-mikoto","綿津見命（わたつみのみこと）呼ばれる海の神を祀るこの神社には、昔から海での安全を祈願する地元の人々が参拝します。","Dedicated to deity of the seas Watatsumi-no-mikoto, this Shinto shrine has long been visited by local residents praying for safety at sea."]
[1985,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","海岸・岬","ニワの浜","にわのはま","Niwa-no-hama Beach","ニワの浜","Niwa-no-hama Beach"]
[1986,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","史跡","監的哨跡","\nかんてきしょうあと","Site of Artillery-Spotting Facility ","監的哨跡","Site of Artillery-Spotting Facility "]
[1987,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","海岸・岬","伊良湖岬","いらこみさき","Cape Irago","晴れた日には、島の灯台がある伊良湖岬と、弁天岬の険しい地形の両方が見えます。","On clear days you can see both Cape Irago, home of the island’s lighthouse, and the rugged landscape of Cape Benten."]
[1988,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","海岸・岬","弁天岬","べんてんみさき","Cape Benten","晴れた日には、島の灯台がある伊良湖岬と、弁天岬の険しい地形の両方が見えます。","On clear days you can see both Cape Irago, home of the island’s lighthouse, and the rugged landscape of Cape Benten."]
[1989,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","動物","サシバの渡り","さしばのわたり","Sashiba Migration","サシバの渡り","Sashiba Migration"]
[1990,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","動物","アサギマダラ","あさぎまだら","Asagimadara Butterflies","アサギマダラ","Asagimadara Butterflies"]
[1991,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","海岸・岬","しろんご浜","しろんごはま","Shirongo Beach","しろんご浜","Shirongo Beach"]
[1992,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","建造物等","菅嶋灯台","すがしまとうだい","Sugashima Lighthouse","菅嶋灯台","Sugashima Lighthouse"]
[1993,"愛知県・三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","植物","紅ツゲ","べにつげ","beni-tsuge (Japanese boxwood)","紅ツゲ","beni-tsuge (Japanese boxwood)"]
[1994,"三重県","\n（伊勢志摩国立公園）環境省中部地方環境事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","伊勢神宮","いせじんぐう","Ise Jingu","日本の最も重要な神社であり精神的な中心地である伊勢神宮がある伊勢志摩国立公園には、さまざまな自然と長い歴史が結びついています。","The most important jinja (Shinto shrine) site and the spiritual heart of Japan, Ise Jingu is located in the Ise-Shima National Park, an area characterized by varied landscapes and a long history.","※伊勢神宮側の要望により、伊勢神宮は「Shirine」等を使用せず、「Ise Jingu」のみで記載。"]
[1995,"三重県","\n（伊勢志摩国立公園）環境省中部地方環境事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神社\n※伊勢神宮にかかわる神社・社殿のみ","じんじゃ","jinja","日本の最も重要な神社であり精神的な中心地である伊勢神宮がある伊勢志摩国立公園には、さまざまな自然と長い歴史が結びついています。","The most important jinja (Shinto shrine) site and the spiritual heart of Japan, Ise Jingu is located in the Ise-Shima National Park, an area characterized by varied landscapes and a long history.","※初出時は説明として「(Shinto shrine)」を入れる。"]
[1996,"三重県","\n（伊勢志摩国立公園）環境省中部地方環境事務所","植物","ケヤキ","けやき","Zelkova","このテラスにあるケヤキとスタジイの木陰から漏れる太陽の光は、このテラスにゆったりした雰囲気を生み出します。","The sunlight flickering through the leaves of the Zelkova (Zelkova serrata) and Castanopsis (Castanopsis sieboldii) trees on the terrace create a relaxing atmosphere in which to enjoy the views of Ago Bay. "]
[1997,"三重県","\n（伊勢志摩国立公園）環境省中部地方環境事務所","植物","スタジイ","すたじい","Castanopsis","このテラスにあるケヤキとスタジイの木陰から漏れる太陽の光は、このテラスにゆったりした雰囲気を生み出します。","The sunlight flickering through the leaves of the Zelkova (Zelkova serrata) and Castanopsis (Castanopsis sieboldii) trees on the terrace create a relaxing atmosphere in which to enjoy the views of Ago Bay. "]
[1998,"三重県","\n（伊勢志摩国立公園）環境省中部地方環境事務所","植物","馬酔木","あしび"," Japanese andromeda","春には馬酔木の花も咲き誇ります。","Japanese andromeda (Pieris japonica) bloom here in spring. "]
[1999,"三重県","\n（伊勢志摩国立公園）環境省中部地方環境事務所","植物","シャリンバイ","しゃりんばい","yeddo hawthorn","他の植物としては、シャリンバイが5月に梅に似た形をした白い花も咲かせ、冬には黒い実を付けます。","Other plants include the yeddo hawthorn (Rhaphiolepis indica var. umbellata), which boasts plum blossom-like white flowers in May and black fruits in winter.","※学名の中の「var.」はイタリックにしない。"]
[2000,"三重県","\n（伊勢志摩国立公園）環境省中部地方環境事務所","植物","ツワブキ","つわぶき","Japanese silver leaf","ツワブキは秋に黄色い花を咲かせます。","Japanese silver leaf (Farfugium japonicum) plants here produce clusters of yellow flowers in the fall."]
[2001,"三重県","\n（伊勢志摩国立公園）環境省中部地方環境事務所","植物","ジングウツツジ","じんぐうつつじ","jingu-tsutsuji","頂上付近には15分ほどの散歩道があり、ツツジの一種であるジングウツツジといった植物を見られます。","Along a fifteen-minute walking route near the summit, one can view plants such as jingu-tsutsuji (Rhododendron sanctum), a variety of azalea."]
[2002,"三重県","\n（伊勢志摩国立公園）環境省中部地方環境事務所","動物","サシバ","さしば"," grey-faced buzzard","9月から10月にかけてこの島を訪れる2つの種類の生き物の珍しい光景を、観光客は垣間見ることもできるかもしれません。それは、サシバとアサギマダラです。","Visitors may also catch a rare glimpse of two species that visit the island between September and October: the grey-faced buzzard (Butastur indicus) and the chestnut tiger butterfly (Parantica sita niphonica)."]
[2003,"三重県","\n（伊勢志摩国立公園）環境省中部地方環境事務所","動物","アサギマダラ","あさぎまだら","chestnut tiger butterfly","9月から10月にかけてこの島を訪れる2つの種類の生き物の珍しい光景を、観光客は垣間見ることもできるかもしれません。それは、サシバとアサギマダラです。","Visitors may also catch a rare glimpse of two species that visit the island between September and October: the grey-faced buzzard (Butastur indicus) and the chestnut tiger butterfly (Parantica sita niphonica)."]
[2004,"三重県","\n（伊勢志摩国立公園）環境省中部地方環境事務所","植物","ツゲ","つげ"," Japanese boxwood","ここでは、冬になるとツゲの木が、真っ赤に染まり、地面に厚い赤色のカーペットを敷いたようになり、青い海と際立った対比を見せてくれます。","Bright red leaves from the Japanese boxwood (Buxus microphylla var. japonica) form a thick red carpet on the ground in winter, creating a contrast with the blue sea. ","※学名の中の「var.」はイタリックにしない。"]
[2005,"三重県","\n（伊勢志摩国立公園）環境省中部地方環境事務所","植物","カキツバタ","かきつばた"," iris","この鳥羽に最も近い島は、美しい紫色のカキツバタで有名です。","Toba’s closest island is known for its beautiful purple irises (Iris laevigata), which bloom from mid-May through to the beginning of summer."]
[2006,"三重県","\n（伊勢志摩国立公園）環境省中部地方環境事務所","その他","核\n\n※真珠養殖時に真珠貝の中に入れる物","かく","irritant","大型客船だと真珠工房に立ち寄ることが多く、養殖真珠を作るために貝に核を挿入するデリケートな核入れ作業をじかに見ることができます。"," The larger boats often stop at a pearl factory, where visitors can observe the delicate process of implanting irritants into the shells to stimulate the formation of cultivated pearls. "]
[2007,"三重県","\n（伊勢志摩国立公園）環境省中部地方環境事務所","動物","イワツバメ","いわつばめ"," house martin","この場所は、イワツバメの一種が一年中みられます。","It is possible to spot a species of house martin from this observation platform throughout the year.","※厳密には種が不明のため、学名は入れず「a species of」を入れる。"]
[2008,"三重県","\n（伊勢志摩国立公園）環境省中部地方環境事務所","植物","クチナシ","くちなし","gardenia","のどかな景色が見えるこの場所へ向かう道の周辺には、クチナシや桜の木のような様々な植物が生えています。","Various plants, including gardenias (Gardenia jasminoides) and cherry trees, bloom along the path to this serene vista."]
[2009,"三重県","\n（伊勢志摩国立公園）環境省中部地方環境事務所","人物・人名・役職名","天照大御神","あまてらすおおみかみ","Amaterasu-Omikami","神宮は、太陽の神であり天皇家の先祖神である天照大御神をまつる内宮と、衣食住の神である豊受大御神をまつる外宮の2つの主要な神社に加えて、伊勢志摩地域の125の関連する神社で構成されています。","The precinct buildings include the Naiku, which enshrines Amaterasu-Omikami, the sun deity and ancestor of the imperial family, and Geku, which enshrines Toyo’uke-no-Omikami (the deity of food, clothing, and shelter), as well as 125 affiliated jinja in the Ise-Shima area.","※伊勢神宮側の表記に従いハイフンを入れる。"]
[2010,"三重県","\n（伊勢志摩国立公園）環境省中部地方環境事務所","人物・人名・役職名","豊受大御神","とようけのおおみかみ","Toyo’uke-no-Omikami","神宮は、太陽の神であり天皇家の先祖神である天照大御神をまつる内宮と、衣食住の神である豊受大御神をまつる外宮の2つの主要な神社に加えて、伊勢志摩地域の125の関連する神社で構成されています。","The precinct buildings include the Naiku, which enshrines Amaterasu-Omikami, the sun deity and ancestor of the imperial family, and Geku, which enshrines Toyo’uke-no-Omikami (the deity of food, clothing, and shelter), as well as 125 affiliated jinja in the Ise-Shima area.","※伊勢神宮側の表記に従いハイフンを入れる。"]
[2011,"三重県","\n（伊勢志摩国立公園）環境省中部地方環境事務所","動物","アカウミガメ","あかうみがめ","loggerhead turtle","伊勢湾や太平洋に面した砂浜は、アカウミガメを惹きつけ、巣をつくるための場所を提供しています。","Ise Bay and the beaches along the Pacific coast attract loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) and provide valuable nesting areas for them."]
[2012,"三重県","\n（伊勢志摩国立公園）環境省中部地方環境事務所","動物","カワウ","かわう","great cormorant","カワウは一年中見ることができます。伊勢湾や大きな川の河口などで群れをなします。","These include the great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo), which can be seen all year round, especially around Ise Bay and near large river mouths. "]
[2013,"三重県","\n（伊勢志摩国立公園）環境省中部地方環境事務所","動物","ミサゴ","みさご","osprey","ミサゴは、海岸の近くに飛んでいて、水に潜って魚を捕まえます。","Ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) patrol the coast as they hunt for fish, diving when they spot prey."]
[2014,"三重県","\n（伊勢志摩国立公園）環境省中部地方環境事務所","動物","ヒヌマイトトンボ","ひぬまいととんぼ","four-spot midget","河口周辺や干潟などの汽水域では、イトトンボの仲間であるヒヌマイトトンボといった希少な昆虫が生息しています。　","Rare insects including the four-spot midget (Mortonagrion hirosei), a species of damselfly, inhabit the estuaries and tidal flats."]
[2015,"三重県","\n（伊勢志摩国立公園）環境省中部地方環境事務所","動物","シロチドリ","しろちどり","kentish plovers","シロチドリは、砂浜で巣を作ります。","Kentish plovers (Charadrius alexandrinus) nest on sandy beaches. "]
[2016,"三重県","\n（伊勢志摩国立公園）環境省中部地方環境事務所","動物","ウミネコ","うみねこ","black-tailed gulls","船に乗って海上に出ると、ウミネコなどカモメの仲間を見るでしょう。","Visitors may also enjoy viewing the many seagulls such as black-tailed gulls (Larus crassirostris) on boat trips."]
[2017,"三重県","\n（伊勢志摩国立公園）環境省中部地方環境事務所","動物","ガムシ","がむし","Hydrophilidae","砂浜では打ち上がった海藻などを餌にするガムシやハネカクシの仲間などが生息しています。","Along the shore, a species of Hydrophilidae and rove beetles (Staphylinidae) can be spotted feeding on seaweed that has been washed onto the beaches. ","※厳密な種が不明のため、「a species of」とする。"]
[2018,"三重県","\n（伊勢志摩国立公園）環境省中部地方環境事務所","動物","ハネカクシ","はねかくし","rove beetle","砂浜では打ち上がった海藻などを餌にするガムシやハネカクシの仲間などが生息しています。","Along the shore, a species of Hydrophilidae and rove beetles (Staphylinidae) can be spotted feeding on seaweed that has been washed onto the beaches. "]
[2019,"三重県","\n（伊勢志摩国立公園）環境省中部地方環境事務所","動物","ハッチョウトンボ","はっちょうとんぼ","hachou-tombo","南伊勢の湿地では世界的にも最も小さな部類に属するハッチョウトンボを含む50種以上のトンボが記録されています。","In Minami-Ise’s wetlands, more than 50 species of dragonfly have been recorded. They include hachou-tombo (Nannophya pygmaea), one of the smallest dragonflies in the world."]
[2020,"三重県","\n（伊勢志摩国立公園）環境省中部地方環境事務所","動物","スナメリ","すなめり","finless porpoise","伊勢湾や鳥羽湾では、スナメリが多く生息しており、船からや海岸から見られることがあります。","In Ise Bay and Toba Bay, finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides) can be sighted from boats and from the coast."]
[2021,"三重県","\n（伊勢志摩国立公園）環境省中部地方環境事務所","植物","ウバメガシ","うばめがし","ubame-gashi oak","伊勢志摩国立公園の二次林にはウバメガシが生育しています。","The ubame-gashi oak (Quercus phillyraeoides) grows in the second-growth forest of Ise-Shima National Park. "]
[2022,"三重県","\n（伊勢志摩国立公園）環境省中部地方環境事務所","植物","コバノミツバツツジ","こばのみつばつつじ","kobanomitsuba tsutsuji","横山園地や登茂山の林などでは、コバノミツバツツジが早春に淡い紫色の花を多数咲かせます。","In the early spring, kobanomitsuba tsutsuji (Rhododendron reticulatum), a species of azalea, blooms pale purple in a number of areas, including the Yokoyama Picnic Site and Tomoyama Park."]
[2023,"三重県","\n（伊勢志摩国立公園）環境省中部地方環境事務所","植物","ヤブツバキ","やぶつばき","yabutsubaki","冬には、伊勢志摩でよくみられる原生植生のひとつであるヤブツバキが金毘羅山で赤い花を咲かせます。","In winter, yabutsubaki (Camellia japonica), one of the commonly seen indigenous plants of Ise-Shima, blooms red on Mt. Konpira."]
[2024,"三重県","\n（伊勢志摩国立公園）環境省中部地方環境事務所","植物","ハマユウ","はまゆう","poison bulb","ハマユウは7～8月頃に白色で細長い花被片の花を咲かせます。","Poison bulb (Crinum asiaticum) display thin white flower petals in July and August."]
[2025,"三重県","\n（伊勢志摩国立公園）環境省中部地方環境事務所","植物","ハマボウ","はまぼう","hamabo","ハマボウは五ヶ所湾や英虞湾、的矢湾などの岸辺で8月の初め頃に黄色い大きな花を咲かせます。","In early August, visitors can enjoy hamabo’s (Hibiscus hamabo) yellow flowers on the shores of Gokasho Bay, Ago Bay, and Matoya Bay."]
[2026,"三重県","\n（伊勢志摩国立公園）環境省中部地方環境事務所","植物","ヒジキ","ひじき","hijiki ","伊勢志摩の周辺は比較的水深の浅く、ヒジキやテングサといったさまざまな海藻類にすばらしい環境を提供しています。","The seas around Ise-Shima are relatively shallow, providing the perfect environment for various species of seaweed such as hijiki (Sargassum fusiforme) and agar weed (Gelidiaceae)."]
[2027,"三重県","\n（伊勢志摩国立公園）環境省中部地方環境事務所","植物","テングサ","てんぐさ","agar weed","伊勢志摩の周辺は比較的水深の浅く、ヒジキやテングサといったさまざまな海藻類にすばらしい環境を提供しています。","The seas around Ise-Shima are relatively shallow, providing the perfect environment for various species of seaweed such as hijiki (Sargassum fusiforme) and agar weed (Gelidiaceae)."]
[2028,"三重県","\n（伊勢志摩国立公園）環境省中部地方環境事務所","植物","スギ","すぎ","Japanese cedar","ここでは、オークの仲間などの常緑広葉樹（照葉樹）やスギ、モミなどの針葉樹が混交しています。","Evergreen broad-leaved trees (laurel forest) including species of oak mix with coniferous trees such as Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) and momi fir (Abies firma). "]
[2029,"三重県","\n（伊勢志摩国立公園）環境省中部地方環境事務所","植物","モミ","もみ","momi fir","ここでは、オークの仲間などの常緑広葉樹（照葉樹）やスギ、モミなどの針葉樹が混交しています。","Evergreen broad-leaved trees (laurel forest) including species of oak mix with coniferous trees such as Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) and momi fir (Abies firma). "]
[2030,"三重県","\n（伊勢志摩国立公園）環境省中部地方環境事務所","植物","ヒノキ","ひのき","hinoki cypress","ヒノキは自然の形で、あるいは人工林に生育しています。","The hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) is grown either naturally or in the afforested areas. "]
[2031,"三重県","\n（伊勢志摩国立公園）環境省中部地方環境事務所","植物","アカマツ","あかまつ","Japanese red pine","痩せた土地でも生育できるアカマツなども生育しています。","Other trees that can grow on poor soils, such as the Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora), are also found here."]
[2032,"三重県","\n（伊勢志摩国立公園）環境省中部地方環境事務所","植物","ササユリ","ささゆり","bamboo lily","日本の固有種であるササユリは、山地や明るい森林に生育しています。","The bamboo lily (Lilium japonicum), a species native to Japan, grows in mountainous areas and forests with open canopies."]
[2033,"三重県","\n（伊勢志摩国立公園）環境省中部地方環境事務所","食","アラメ","あらめ","arame","比較的浅い岩礁地帯にはアラメやアカモクが、さらに深い場所にはカジメの仲間などが生育しています。","Arame (Eisenia arborea) and akamoku (Sargassum horneri) grow in shallow reef areas, whilst kajime (Ecklonia cava) grows in the deeper waters. "]
[2034,"三重県","\n（伊勢志摩国立公園）環境省中部地方環境事務所","植物","アカモク","あかもく","akamoku","比較的浅い岩礁地帯にはアラメやアカモクが、さらに深い場所にはカジメの仲間などが生育しています。","Arame (Eisenia arborea) and akamoku (Sargassum horneri) grow in shallow reef areas, whilst kajime (Ecklonia cava) grows in the deeper waters. "]
[2035,"三重県","\n（伊勢志摩国立公園）環境省中部地方環境事務所","植物","カジメ","かじめ"," kajime","比較的浅い岩礁地帯にはアラメやアカモクが、さらに深い場所にはカジメの仲間などが生育しています。","Arame (Eisenia arborea) and akamoku (Sargassum horneri) grow in shallow reef areas, whilst kajime (Ecklonia cava) grows in the deeper waters. "]
[2036,"三重県","\n（伊勢志摩国立公園）環境省中部地方環境事務所","植物","アマモ","あまも","eelgrass","砂浜や干潟などの浅い砂泥底の海中には、アマモといった海草が生育しています。","Seagrasses, such as eelgrass (Zostera marina), flourish in the salt marshes and on the sandy beaches."]
[2037,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江ツーリズムボード","人物・人名・役職名","参議","さんぎ","councilor","当時の参議であった大隈重信（1838–1922）は、その本丸の美しさに感動し、天皇に後世のためにそれを残してほしいと懇願した","His councilor, Ōkuma Shigenobu (1838–1922), was struck by the beauty of the main keep and asked him to spare it for posterity. "]
[2038,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江ツーリズムボード","庭園・公園","回遊式庭園","かいゆうしきていえん","stroll gardens ","これら双方の機能はともに客人を楽しませるのに役立った。これらの回遊式庭園は、多くの大名たちの邸宅にとってなくてはならないものになった。","Both of these functions were useful when entertaining guests, and stroll gardens (kaiyūshiki teien) became an almost mandatory fixture of the estates and residences of the daimyo."]
[2039,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江ツーリズムボード","人物・人名・役職名","足軽","あしがる"," foot soldiers","商人と職人の住居は外堀の内側に、下級武士と足軽の住居は外堀の外側にあった。","Merchants and tradesmen lived within the outer moat (sotobori), and lower-ranking samurai and foot soldiers lived beyond it."]
[2040,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江ツーリズムボード","城跡・城郭・宮殿","礎石","そせき","stone foundations","本丸は明治時代（1868〜1912年）の廃城令の解体から救われたが、これらの他の建物は解体され、礎石のみが残っている。","The castle’s main keep was saved from demolition during the Meiji era (1868–1912), but the other buildings were not. Their stone foundations can still be seen nearby."]
[2041,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江ツーリズムボード","その他","敵への鉄砲攻撃の狙いを定める","てきへのじゅうほうこうげきのねらいをさだめる","create a line of fire","3階の窓は広い視野を確保するためにあらゆる方向を向いているが、2階と1階の窓は敵への鉄砲攻撃の狙いを定めるために外向きについている。","The third-story windows face in every direction to facilitate a wide view, but the second- and first-floor windows look only outward, away from the castle, to create a line of fire on attacking enemies. "]
[2042,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江ツーリズムボード","城跡・城郭・宮殿","狭間","さま","loopholes","桝形を通過するとき、攻撃者は、内壁に並んでいるライフル用の□の狭間と△の弓矢の狭間からの攻撃にさらされた。","While passing through, attackers would have been vulnerable to attack from the rectangular arrow slits and triangular loopholes for rifles that line the inner walls."]
[2043,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江ツーリズムボード","城跡・城郭・宮殿","弓矢の狭間","ゆみやのさま","arrow slits","桝形を通過するとき、攻撃者は、内壁に並んでいるライフル用の□の狭間と△の弓矢の狭間からの攻撃にさらされた。","While passing through, attackers would have been vulnerable to attack from the rectangular arrow slits and triangular loopholes for rifles that line the inner walls."]
[2044,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江ツーリズムボード","工芸・美術品","火縄銃","ひなわじゅう","arquebus","城に突入すると、攻撃者は大堀切で立ち止まらざるをえなくなり、三階建ての天秤櫓の狭間から矢と火縄銃の攻撃にさらされた。","Charging into the castle, attackers would be forced to stop at the ōhorikiri, where they would be exposed to bow and arquebus fire from the pair of three-story turrets on the tenbin yagura."]
[2045,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江ツーリズムボード","城跡・城郭・宮殿","天秤櫓","てんびんやぐら","”scales turret”","この櫓は、太鼓丸と本丸を守る櫓で、「天秤櫓」と呼ばれ、その形が「両端に荷物を下げた天秤」に似て左右対称の構造からこの名がある。","This turret, which guards the Taikomaru Bailey and by extension the main bailey, is called the tenbin yagura, meaning “scales turret.” The name is an allusion to the balanced, symmetrical structure of the turret, which resembles a scales."]
[2046,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江ツーリズムボード","人物・人名・役職名","大老","たいろう","a senior official who functioned like a prime minister","このグループは、家康が権力を手中に収めた時に、彼をサポートした有力大名家の代表者で構成され、首相のように機能した高官である大老によって統括された。","When the shogun was forced to delegate administrative matters, he turned to the tairō, a senior official who functioned like a prime minister. "]
[2047,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江ツーリズムボード","史跡","赤備え","あかぞなえ","“Red Battalion” ","1582年から、井伊直政（1561〜1602）は、徳川家康（1543〜1616）の強力な突撃軍として、「赤備え」と呼ばれる赤い甲冑を身にまとった部隊を率いた。","Beginning in 1582, Ii Naomasa (1561–1602) led the “Red Battalion” (Akazonae), a group of soldiers in red-lacquered armor who functioned as elite shock troops for Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543–1616). "]
[2048,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江ツーリズムボード","史跡","当世具足","とうせいぐそく","armor made of iron plates","1543年に中国人によってもたらされた火縄銃に始まり、鉄板で作られた当世具足が、鉄、もしくは革を組み合わせて作られた伝統的な鎧に取って代わり始めた。","Beginning with the introduction of matchlock firearms in 1543, armor made of iron plates (tōsei gusoku) began to replace armor made with interlocking scales of iron or leather."]
[2049,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江ツーリズムボード","史跡","鏑矢","かぶらや","“turnip-arrows” ","源平合戦（1180-1185）の記録によると、大規模な合戦は、飛びながら笛の音を発する”鏑矢”の応酬の連続によって始まる。","As recorded in accounts of the Genpei War (1180–1185), large-scale engagements between two armies would begin with volleys of “turnip-arrows” (kaburaya) which emit a whistling sound as they fly through the air."]
[2050,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江ツーリズムボード","史跡","弓篭手","ゆごて","Japanese-style bracers","博物館の武器コレクションにはこれらの戦争で使用された武器が含まれている。彦根城博物館のコレクションは16-18世紀の弓、さまざまな種類の矢筒（箙、矢筒、靭）、腕甲（弓篭手）を有している。","The Hikone Castle Museum collection contains bows, several varieties of quivers (ebira, yazutsu, utsubo), and Japanese-style bracers (yugote) from the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries."]
[2051,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江ツーリズムボード","建造物等","橋掛り","はしがかり","covered bridge leading to the Noh stage","主舞台である橋がかりにつながる橋掛りは、主舞台での演技以外の旅行や状況を演じるために使用されている。","The covered bridge leading to the Noh stage (hashigakari) is used to indicate travel and settings outside the main scene."]
[2052,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江ツーリズムボード","史跡","装束","しょうぞく","shōzoku","能役者が身に着ける複雑で繊細に織りあげられた衣装は能装束と呼ばれているが、1つの衣装には鬘や帽子、いろいろな種類の着物など、7つ以下の異なる種類の付帯要素が含まれている。","The intricate, finely crafted costumes worn by Noh performers are broadly called shōzoku, though a single costume may contain elements from up to seven different categories, including wigs, caps, and various types of kimono. "]
[2053,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江ツーリズムボード","その他","わびさび","わびさび","wabi-sabi","この時期に、利休は、質素と不完全さを重視する日本的美学である「わび」「さび」の精神によって彼の茶道を洗練させていった。","During these years, Rikyū refined his tea practice according to the values of wabi-sabi, the Japanese aesthetic that values austerity and imperfection."]
[2054,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江ツーリズムボード","食","茶道具","ちゃどうぐ","tea utensils , or utensils","井伊家の蒐集品の茶道具には水指、風炉、茶碗、茶筅、茶杓、棗、茶入がある。","The utensils in the Ii family collection include: fresh water containers (mizusashi), portable braziers (furo), tea bowls (chawan), bamboo tea whisks (chasen), bamboo tea scoops (chashaku), and tea containers (natsume and chaire)."]
[2055,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江ツーリズムボード","建造物等","御殿の表・奥","ごてんのおもて・おく","the “back” (oku) residential area / the “front” (omote) administrative area","これらの2つの役目は、「裏」である（御殿の奥）の居住区と「前」の（御殿の表）の仕事の場という2つの領域に明確に分けられていた。","These two purposes were clearly delineated into two areas: the “back” (oku) residential area, and the “front” (omote) administrative area. "]
[2056,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江ツーリズムボード","建造物等","展示室","てんじしつ","exhibit space","建物の展示室と保存庫は鉄筋コンクリートを使用して再構築されたが、居住区と外装は伝統的な木材接合技術と当時の材料を使用して完全に復元された。","The building’s exhibit space and archives were reconstructed using reinforced concrete, but the residential areas and exterior were restored using traditional wood-joining techniques and period-accurate materials."]
[2057,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江ツーリズムボード","その他","幻の","まぼろしの","“phantom” ","湖東という名前は「湖の東」を意味し、琵琶湖と彦根の位置関係を表しているが、湖東焼はその希少性と品質から「幻の」陶器と呼ばれることもある。","The name kotō means “east-of-the-lake,” a reference to Hikone’s location to the east of Lake Biwa, but it is sometimes referred to as “phantom” (maboroshi no) pottery in recognition of the rarity and quality of its pieces. "]
[2058,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江ツーリズムボード","その他","黄金期","おうごんき","golden age ","彼が井伊家の長として君臨した約10年間は湖東焼の黄金時代と考えられている。","The decade-long period he spent as head of the Ii family is considered to be the golden age of Kotō ware."]
[2059,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江ツーリズムボード","城跡・城郭・宮殿","御鎖口","おじょうぐち","ojōguchi","藩主が彼の居住区に戻るときは、政庁（表）と住居（奥）に接続する扉である御鎖口（おじょうぐち）を通り抜けた。","When returning to his living quarters, the daimyo would pass through the ojōguchi, a door that connected the administrative quarters to the residence. "]
[2060,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江ツーリズムボード","その他","強硬策","きょうこうさく","severe measure ","この強硬策は安政の大獄（1858–1860）として知られるようになった。","This severe measure would become known as the Ansei Purge (1858–1860). "]
[2061,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江ツーリズムボード","芸能・興行・イベント","雅楽","ががく","gagaku","雅楽は、古代の音楽と舞踊を広く指すもので、8世紀から演奏されており、日本の最も古い伝統音楽である。","The word gagaku refers broadly to ancient court music and dance that has been performed since the eighth century and is Japan’s oldest musical tradition. "]
[2062,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江ツーリズムボード","工芸・美術品","掛盤","かけばん","individual standing trays ","江戸時代の食事は、掛盤と呼ばれる個人用の脚の付いたトレイで供され、そのトレイの上に食事の量に合わせて多くの漆塗りの皿、椀、碗が載せられている。","Meals in the Edo period were served on individual standing trays called kakeban, upon which a variety of lacquered plates, bowls and cups were arranged. "]
[2063,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江ツーリズムボード","社会","お歯黒","おはぐろ","ohaguro","19世紀の終わりまで、上流階級の既婚女性は酢に溶かした鉄粉を使って歯を黒くすることが一般的な習慣であった。この習慣はお歯黒として知られ、歯を腐食から防ぐと考えられていた。","Until the end of the nineteenth century, it was common practice in the upper classes for married women to blacken their teeth using a mixture of iron filings dissolved in vinegar. This practice, known as ohaguro, was thought to prevent tooth decay."]
[2064,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江ツーリズムボード","乗物","籠・駕篭","かご","palanquin","彼らが住居を出て旅行するとき、高貴な人々は数人によって担がれる一人乗りの駕篭で運ばれた。","When traveling outside their residences, members of the nobility were often carried in a palanquin (or litter) by two or more bearers. "]
[2065,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江ツーリズムボード","建造物等","襖","ふすま","sliding panels","屏風、掛け軸、伝統的な住居の部屋を分割する襖は今日、単体で芸術作品とみなされている絵画で飾られていた。","In addition to hand scrolls, interior furnishings like folding screens, hanging scrolls, and the sliding panels (fusuma) that divide the rooms of a traditional residence were often decorated with paintings that today are viewed as artworks."]
[2066,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江ツーリズムボード","工芸・美術品","和紙","わし","traditional Japanese paper","伝統的な和紙と墨は、適切に管理されていれば何世紀も持つため、作品は定期的に移動されたり、再利用されたりした。","Traditional Japanese paper and ink can survive for centuries if properly maintained, and so art was regularly moved or repurposed."]
[2067,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江ツーリズムボード","その他","御家流","おいえりゅう","“noble house style” ","幕府が作成した公文書には、「御家流」と呼ばれる特定の書体が使用された。","One specific style of writing called the “noble house style” (oieryū) was used for official documents created by the shogunate."]
[2068,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江ツーリズムボード","年中行事","式典","しきてん","protocols of ceremonies ","また、江戸城で行われた式典の記録や条約の原案、および大名の財産と生活を反映した購買と手数料に関する文書も残っている。","Also included are records and protocols of ceremonies held at Edo Castle and documents relating to various purchases and commissions that reflect the wealth and lifestyle of the daimyo."]
[2069,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江ツーリズムボード","食","和菓子","わがし","traditional Japanese sweets","茶道のように、抹茶には伝統的な和菓子が添えられている。","As in a full tea ceremony, the powdered green tea (matcha) is accompanied by traditional Japanese sweets. "]
[2070,"滋賀県","宗教法人比叡山延暦寺（多言語解説協議会）","建造物等","書院造り","しょいんづくり","traditional shoin or study style","京都の伝統的な書院造りを基調に、近代建築の粋をあつめて建てられた大正時代を代表する木造建築。","It is a typical example of Taisho period (1912–1926) architecture, including modern architectural features into a traditional shoin or study style."]
[2071,"滋賀県","宗教法人比叡山延暦寺（多言語解説協議会）","書物","『摩訶止観』","まかしかん","Makashikan","中国天台宗の宗祖、智顗の著作『摩訶止観』には、『法華経』の教えを実践する修行方法として四種三昧が記されているが、ここはその中の一つ、「常坐三昧」を行う道場である。９０日間不休で結跏趺坐し坐禅修行を行う。","The practices are based on the Lotus Sutra and are described in the Makashikan, written by the monk Chigi, the founder of Tendai Buddhism. "]
[2072,"滋賀県","宗教法人比叡山延暦寺（多言語解説協議会）","書物","『法華経』","ほっけきょう","Lotus Sutra","中国天台宗の宗祖、智顗の著作『摩訶止観』には、『法華経』の教えを実践する修行方法として四種三昧が記されているが、ここはその中の一つ、「常坐三昧」を行う道場である。９０日間不休で結跏趺坐し坐禅修行を行う。","The practices are based on the Lotus Sutra and are described in the Makashikan, written by the monk Chigi, the founder of Tendai Buddhism. "]
[2073,"滋賀県","宗教法人比叡山延暦寺（多言語解説協議会）","人物・人名・役職名","大山咋神","おおやまくひのかみ","Oyamakui no kami.","比叡山麓の坂本に住む最澄の両親は子宝に恵まれなかった。そこで比叡山のすそ野の八王子山に草庵を結んで七日間籠り、「大山咋神」（おおやまくひのかみ）に祈りを捧げた。","They were childless, and in the hope of receiving divine intervention, his father spent seven days in retreat in a hut on Mount Hachioji, a small peak at the foot of Mount Hiei, praying to the Shinto deity Oyamakui no kami. "]
[2074,"滋賀県","宗教法人比叡山延暦寺（多言語解説協議会）","社会","鎮護国家","ちんごこっか","guardian temple for the nation","７９４年に比叡山延暦寺が桓武天皇によって鎮護国家の寺院とされると、最澄は日吉大社を延暦寺の守護神とした。","When Emperor Kanmu made Enryakuji a guardian temple for the nation in 794, Saicho designated Hiyoshi Taisha as the protective shrine of Mount Hiei."]
[2075,"滋賀県","宗教法人比叡山延暦寺（多言語解説協議会）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","受戒","じゅかい","ordained","延暦４年（７８５）、二十歳となった最澄は東大寺で受戒する。","Saicho was ordained at Todaiji in Nara in 785 at the age of twenty. "]
[2076,"滋賀県","宗教法人比叡山延暦寺（多言語解説協議会）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","一乗止観院","いちじょうしかんいん","Ichijo Shikanin","徐々に最澄の噂を聞いて求道者が山に集まってくる。そして延暦７年（７８８）ここに自ら山の霊木で刻んだ薬師如来像を本尊として一乗止観院を建立。","In 788, as the number of his followers increased, he built the Ichijo Shikanin temple to house the statue of Yakushi Nyorai, the Buddha of healing, which he had carved from the wood of a sacred tree."]
[2077,"滋賀県","宗教法人比叡山延暦寺（多言語解説協議会）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","不滅の法灯","ふめつのほうとう","eternal flame","最澄が薬師如来像の前に灯したともしびは、1200年以上を経た今も「不滅の法灯」として守られている。","The eternal flame that Saicho lit in front of the Yakushi Nyorai has been kept burning for over 1,200 years. "]
[2078,"滋賀県","宗教法人比叡山延暦寺（多言語解説協議会）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","鬼門","きもん","inauspicious northeast","比叡山の地を選んだことは思いがけない幸運であった。７９３年の平安遷都により、比叡山は鬼門とされる北東に位置することになったからだ。","The choice of Mount Hiei by Saicho was fortuitous, since the temple is situated to the inauspicious northeast of the new capital when it was moved to Kyoto in 793. "]
[2079,"滋賀県","宗教法人比叡山延暦寺（多言語解説協議会）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","護摩","ごま","fire ritual","都に災いが訪れることを防ぐため、桓武天皇（７８１〜８０６年）は延暦寺を国家守護の寺院と定め、国家の安泰と人々の平和を祈る読経や護摩を行うことを命じた。","In order to protect the capital from evil from this direction, Enryakuji was ordered by Emperor Kanmu (r. 781–806) to recite sutras and perform the fire ritual daily to pray for the safety of the nation and for peace."]
[2080,"滋賀県","宗教法人比叡山延暦寺（多言語解説協議会）","人物・人名・役職名","三面大黒天","さんめんだいこくてん","Three-Headed Daikokuten","最澄はこの方は大黒天に違いないと思い、身を浄めて刻んだ像が、三つの顔と六本の手を持つ三面大黒天像。","Saicho realized that the hermit must be Daikokuten, so he purified himself and carved an image of the Three-Headed Daikokuten with three heads and six arms."]
[2081,"滋賀県","宗教法人比叡山延暦寺（多言語解説協議会）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","護法神","ごほうしん","beneficent deities","このお堂には、日本全国の神社仏閣の様々な仏や菩薩、仏法の守護者である護法神が祀られている。","This hall enshrines Buddhas and bodhisattvas, and the beneficent deities who protect the Buddhist Law, originating from temples and shrines from all over Japan."]
[2082,"滋賀県","宗教法人比叡山延暦寺（多言語解説協議会）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","法華大会広学竪義","ほっけだいえこうがくりゅうぎ","Lotus Ceremony for Broad Learning","良源（りょうげん　９１２－９８５）がはじめた「法華大会広学竪義（ほっけだいえこうがくりゅうぎ）」や、最澄がはじめた「天台会法華十講（てんだいえほっけじゅっこう）」が行われている。","The Lotus Ceremony for Broad Learning introduced by Ryogen (912–985) and the Tendai Assembly for Ten Lotus Lectures introduced by Saicho are performed in the Hall. "]
[2083,"滋賀県","宗教法人比叡山延暦寺（多言語解説協議会）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","天台会法華十講","だいえほっけじゅっこう","Tendai Assembly for Ten Lotus Lectures","良源（りょうげん　９１２－９８５）がはじめた「法華大会広学竪義（ほっけだいえこうがくりゅうぎ）」や、最澄がはじめた「天台会法華十講（てんだいえほっけじゅっこう）」が行われている。","The Lotus Ceremony for Broad Learning introduced by Ryogen (912–985) and the Tendai Assembly for Ten Lotus Lectures introduced by Saicho are performed in the Hall. "]
[2084,"滋賀県","宗教法人比叡山延暦寺（多言語解説協議会）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","伝教大師御影供","でんぎょうだいしみえく","Memorial Service for Dengyo Daishi Saicho","また、「涅槃会（ねはんえ）」や「伝教大師御影供（でんぎょうだいしみえく）」などの論議法要も行われる。","Rituals and debates, such as the Nirvana Assembly and the Memorial Service for Dengyo Daishi Saicho, are performed here. "]
[2085,"滋賀県","宗教法人比叡山延暦寺（多言語解説協議会）","人物・人名・役職名","円珍","えんちん","Enchin","円珍（えんちん　８１４－８９１）　天台寺門宗の宗祖","Enchin (814–891), founder of the Jimon branch of Tendai"]
[2086,"滋賀県","宗教法人比叡山延暦寺（多言語解説協議会）","人物・人名・役職名","良忍","りょうにん","Ryonin","良忍（りょうにん　１０７２－１１３２）　融通念仏宗の宗祖","Ryonin (1072–1132), founder of the Yuzu Nenbutsu school "]
[2087,"滋賀県","宗教法人比叡山延暦寺（多言語解説協議会）","人物・人名・役職名","法然","ほうねん","Honen","法然（ほうねん　１１３３－１２１２）　浄土宗の宗祖","Honen (1133–1212), founder of the Jodo school of Pure Land Buddhism"]
[2088,"滋賀県","宗教法人比叡山延暦寺（多言語解説協議会）","人物・人名・役職名","栄西","えいさい","Eisai","栄西（えいさい　１１４１－１２１５）　臨済宗の宗祖","Eisai (1141–1215), founder of the Rinzai Zen school"]
[2089,"滋賀県","宗教法人比叡山延暦寺（多言語解説協議会）","人物・人名・役職名","親鸞","しんらん","Shinran","親鸞（しんらん　１１７３－１２６２）　浄土真宗の宗祖","Shinran (1173–1262), founder of the Jodo Shinshu school of Pure Land Buddhism"]
[2090,"滋賀県","宗教法人比叡山延暦寺（多言語解説協議会）","人物・人名・役職名","道元","どうげん","Dogen","道元（どうげん　１２００－１２５３）　曹洞宗の宗祖","Dogen (1200–1253), founder of the Soto school of Zen Buddhism"]
[2091,"滋賀県","宗教法人比叡山延暦寺（多言語解説協議会）","人物・人名・役職名","日蓮","にちれん","Nichiren","日蓮（にちれん　１２２２－１２８２）　日蓮宗の宗祖","Nichiren (1222–1812), founder of the Nichiren school"]
[2092,"滋賀県","宗教法人比叡山延暦寺（多言語解説協議会）","人物・人名・役職名","一遍","いっぺん","Ippen","一遍（いっぺん　１２３９－１２８９）　時宗の宗祖","Ippen (1239–1289), founder of the Ji school of Pure Land Buddhism"]
[2093,"滋賀県","宗教法人比叡山延暦寺（多言語解説協議会）","人物・人名・役職名","真盛","しんせい","Shinsei","真盛（しんせい　１４４３－１４９５）　天台真盛宗の宗祖","Shinsei (1443–1495), founder of the Shinsei branch of Tendai"]
[2094,"滋賀県","宗教法人比叡山延暦寺（多言語解説協議会）","書物","入唐求法巡礼行記","にっとうぐほうじゅんれいこうき","Records of a Pilgrimage in Search of the Dharma in China","千辛万苦の末に成し遂げたこの入唐の旅は『入唐求法巡礼行記』としてまとめられた。","The long and arduous journey is documented in his famous diary, Records of a Pilgrimage in Search of the Dharma in China. "]
[2095,"滋賀県","宗教法人比叡山延暦寺（多言語解説協議会）","書物","山家学生式","さんげがくしょうしき","Regulations for Mountain Students","最澄は『山家学生式』や『顕戒論』をあらわして、比叡山独自の受戒について示し、再三嵯峨天皇に勅許を願った。","Saicho wrote the “Regulations for Mountain Students” and “Treatise to Clarify the Precepts” to advocate for independent ordination on Mount Hiei, and repeatedly asked Emperor Saga for permission to perform ordinations. "]
[2096,"滋賀県","宗教法人比叡山延暦寺（多言語解説協議会）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","彼岸会","ひがんえ","equinox ceremonies","浄土念仏修行が毎日ここで行われている。善行の功徳を他に巡らせて、先祖はじめ縁の方々の御霊の安寧を祈る。春彼岸会（3月18日～3月24日）、盂蘭盆会（8月13日～8月16日）、秋彼岸会（9月20日～9月26日）などの法要もここで営まれている。","The benefits of good actions are transferred to others, prayers are offered for the peaceful repose of ancestors and other relations, and many ceremonies such as the spring (March 18th–24th and autumn (Sept. 20th–26th) equinox ceremonies), the Ullambana ancestral festival (August 13th–16th), and the fall equinox ceremonies are conducted here."]
[2097,"滋賀県","宗教法人比叡山延暦寺（多言語解説協議会）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","盂蘭盆会","うらぼんえ","Ullambana ancestral festival","浄土念仏修行が毎日ここで行われている。善行の功徳を他に巡らせて、先祖はじめ縁の方々の御霊の安寧を祈る。春彼岸会（3月18日～3月24日）、盂蘭盆会（8月13日～8月16日）、秋彼岸会（9月20日～9月26日）などの法要もここで営まれている。","The benefits of good actions are transferred to others, prayers are offered for the peaceful repose of ancestors and other relations, and many ceremonies such as the spring (March 18th–24th and autumn (Sept. 20th–26th) equinox ceremonies), the Ullambana ancestral festival (August 13th–16th), and the fall equinox ceremonies are conducted here."]
[2098,"滋賀県","宗教法人比叡山延暦寺（多言語解説協議会）","人物・人名・役職名","荼枳尼天","だきにてん","Dakiniten","比叡山延暦寺ができた頃、この地に荼枳尼天（吒枳尼天）が白雪の神狐の姿となってあらわれ、人々の罪や穢れを祓い浄め、福徳を与えたと言い伝えられている。このお社は故事に則って荼枳尼天（吒枳尼天）を本尊としてお祀りしている。","At around the time Enryakuji was founded on Mount Hiei, it is said that the deity Dakiniten appeared in the form of a sacred fox, white as snow, purifying people of their sins and granting good fortune, and this shrine was built for the worship of Dakiniten. "]
[2099,"滋賀県","宗教法人比叡山延暦寺（多言語解説協議会）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","侍真","じしん"," jishin","以来、霊廟を守る僧侶を侍真（じしん）といい、昼夜を分たず、厳しい戒律のもとに心身を清浄にして、生身の大師に仕えるように勤めなければならないとされている。","A monk called the jishin or true watcher has been stationed at the mausoleum ever since the mausoleum was built. "]
[2100,"滋賀県","宗教法人比叡山延暦寺（多言語解説協議会）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","仏立三昧","ぶつりゅうざんまい","butsuryu-zanmai","やがて三昧と呼ばれる高い集中状態に入ると、仏を目の当たりにするので、仏立三昧（ぶつりゅうざんまい）とも言われる。","Thus, this practice is also called the butsuryu-zanmai, or the “standing Buddha samadhi.”"]
[2101,"滋賀県","宗教法人比叡山延暦寺（多言語解説協議会）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","如法経","にょほうきょう","The practice of making copies of the sutras","御経、特に法華経を書写し埋納する如法経（にょほうきょう）は、日本で円仁が始めたのが元祖とされる。","The practice of making copies of the sutras, in particular of the Lotus Sutra, and then burying them is said to have originated in Japan with Ennin. "]
[2102,"滋賀県","宗教法人比叡山延暦寺（多言語解説協議会）","乗物","遣唐船","けんとうせん","Tang-period boat","お堂は唐船の様式を模したと伝えられ、屋根の部分が遣唐船になぞらえて船形となっている。","It is said that the architecture of the hall is modeled after a Tang-period boat, with the roof shaped like the hulls once used to cross the sea to Tang China."]
[2103,"滋賀県","宗教法人比叡山延暦寺（多言語解説協議会）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","長寿","ちょうじゅ","long life","長寿と厄除け、方除けにご利益がある。","Prayers are said at Sekizan-gu for a long life, the purging of misfortune, and the purging of ill fortune arising from unlucky directions. "]
[2104,"滋賀県","宗教法人比叡山延暦寺（多言語解説協議会）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","厄除け","やくよけ","purging of misfortune","長寿と厄除け、方除けにご利益がある。","Prayers are said at Sekizan-gu for a long life, the purging of misfortune, and the purging of ill fortune arising from unlucky directions. "]
[2105,"滋賀県","宗教法人比叡山延暦寺（多言語解説協議会）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","方除けにご利益がある","ほうよけにごりやくがある","purging of ill fortune arising from unlucky directions","長寿と厄除け、方除けにご利益がある。","Prayers are said at Sekizan-gu for a long life, the purging of misfortune, and the purging of ill fortune arising from unlucky directions. "]
[2106,"滋賀県","宗教法人比叡山延暦寺（多言語解説協議会）","書物","往生要集","おうじょうようしゅう","Ojoyoshu","44歳の時、源信はここで仏教経典や論書などに記された阿弥陀如来の極楽浄土に関する文章を集めた『往生要集』を著した。","In 985, at the age of forty-four, he compiled the Ojoyoshu, a collection of sutra passages and treatises dealing with the Gokuraku (Great Bliss) paradise of Amida."]
[2107,"滋賀県","宗教法人比叡山延暦寺（多言語解説協議会）","人物・人名・役職名","元三大師","がんざんだいし","Ganzan Daishi","良源は９８５年の正月に死去したため、「元三大師」の尊称を与えられた。これは「正月三日に没した大師」の意味である。","Ryogen passed away during the New Year in 985 and hence his title is Ganzan Daishi, which means “the Master who died on the third day of the New Year.” "]
[2108,"滋賀県","宗教法人比叡山延暦寺（多言語解説協議会）","人物・人名・役職名","慈眼大師","じげんだいし","Jigen Daishi","死後に「慈眼大師」の尊称を与えられた僧天海（１５３６－１６４３）の廟である。","This was the memorial temple for the great monk Tenkai (1536–1643) who was posthumously given the honorary title of Jigen Daishi."]
[2109,"滋賀県","宗教法人比叡山延暦寺（多言語解説協議会）","建造物等","廟塔","びょうとう","memorial stupa","慈眼堂の西側には天海が建てた桓武天皇の廟塔がある。","On the western side of the Jigen-do is a memorial stupa honoring Emperor Kanmu built by Tenkai. "]
[2110,"滋賀県","宗教法人比叡山延暦寺（多言語解説協議会）","建造物等","元亀の兵乱殉難者供養塔","げんきのへいらんじゅんなんしゃくようとう","Mound for Pacifying the Spirits of Martyrs of the Buddha Dharma","平和の塔と元亀の兵乱殉難者鎮魂塚は、１５７１年１１月１２日の織田信長（１５３４〜１５８２）による叡山焼き討ちを記念するためにつくられた。","The Peace Tower (Heiwa no To) and the Mound for Pacifying the Spirits of Martyrs of the Buddha Dharma commemorate the attack on Mount Hiei by the warlord Oda Nobunaga (1534–1582) on November 12th, 1571."]
[2111,"滋賀県","宗教法人比叡山延暦寺（多言語解説協議会）","社会","叡山焼き討ち","えいざんやきうち","attack on Mount Hiei","平和の塔と元亀の兵乱殉難者鎮魂塚は、１５７１年１１月１２日の織田信長（１５３４〜１５８２）による叡山焼き討ちを記念するためにつくられた。","The Peace Tower (Heiwa no To) and the Mound for Pacifying the Spirits of Martyrs of the Buddha Dharma commemorate the attack on Mount Hiei by the warlord Oda Nobunaga (1534–1582) on November 12th, 1571."]
[2112,"滋賀県","宗教法人比叡山延暦寺（多言語解説協議会）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","御朱印","ごしゅいん","Vermillion seal stamps ","比叡山延暦寺及び坂本地区では以下の御朱印を受けることができる。","Vermillion seal stamps are available at the following places at Enryakuji on Mount Hiei and in the Sakamoto area:"]
[2113,"滋賀県","宗教法人比叡山延暦寺（多言語解説協議会）","その他","世界平和の祈りの集い","せかいへいわのいのりのつどい","World Day of Prayer for Peace","諸宗教の対話と協力に力を注いだローマ教皇ヨハネ・パウロⅡ世聖下の提唱により1986年10月２７日に「世界平和の祈りの集い」が開かれた。","Pope John Paul II, who was deeply committed to interfaith dialogue and cooperation, invited representatives of world religions to gather in Assisi on October 27th, 1986 for a World Day of Prayer for Peace. "]
[2114,"滋賀県","宗教法人比叡山延暦寺（多言語解説協議会）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","天台座主","てんだいざす","Tendai Abbot","第253世天台座主山田惠諦（１９００〜１９９９）もこの集いに参加し、後に日本においても世界平和のための祈りの集いを開催することを宣言した。","Yamada Etai (1900–1999), the 253rd Tendai Abbot of Enryakuji, participated, and he later announced that he would also convene a prayer gathering for world peace in Japan."]
[2115,"京都府 ","真言宗総本山　東寺（教王護国寺）","人物・人名・役職名","弘法大師","こうぼうだいし","Great Teacher of Buddhist Doctrine","東寺は、死後は弘法大師（佛教の教義の大師の意）として知られるようになった有名な学者であり、建築家であり、能筆家であった僧空海（774–835）と密接に結びついている。","Tōji is closely associated with the Buddhist monk Kūkai (774–835), the scholar, architect, and calligrapher known posthumously as Kōbō-Daishi, or “Great Teacher of Buddhist Doctrine.”"]
[2116,"京都府 ","真言宗総本山　東寺（教王護国寺）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","十二神将","じゅうにしんしょう","Twelve Heavenly Generals","この建物は国宝に指定され、薬師如来、十二神将、日光菩薩、月光菩薩も重要文化財である。","The building is designated a National Treasure, while the statues of Yakushi Nyorai, the Twelve Heavenly Generals, and two attendant bodhisattvas are Important Cultural Properties."]
[2117,"京都府 ","真言宗総本山　東寺（教王護国寺）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大仏様","だいぶつよう","Great-Buddha-Hall style","このデザインは背の高い柱と大仏様と和様のシンプルな彫刻のラインを組み合わせたものになっている。","The design blends the tall pillars and exposed bracketing of the Great-Buddha-Hall style (Daibutsuyō) with the simpler curved lines of the older Japanese style (Wayō). "]
[2118,"京都府 ","真言宗総本山　東寺（教王護国寺）","植物","檜","ひのき","Japanese cypress","像は檜寄木造りで、漆と金箔で覆われている。","The statue is carved from Japanese cypress and covered in lacquer and gold leaf. "]
[2119,"京都府 ","真言宗総本山　東寺（教王護国寺）","工芸・美術品","金箔","きんぱく","gold leaf","像は檜寄木造りで、漆と金箔で覆われている。","The statue is carved from Japanese cypress and covered in lacquer and gold leaf. "]
[2120,"京都府 ","真言宗総本山　東寺（教王護国寺）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","佛教の理論","ぶっきょうのりろん","Buddhist theology","佛教の理論では、菩薩とは、他者を涅槃へと導くために、自らの悟りを開くことを遅らせることで、この世にとどまった存在である。","In Buddhist theology, bodhisattvas are beings who have chosen to delay enlightenment in order to remain in the world to guide others to nirvana. "]
[2121,"京都府 ","真言宗総本山　東寺（教王護国寺）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","守護神","しゅごしん","guardians","癒しと病の治癒の佛、薬師如来は十二神将と呼ばれる恐ろし気な守護神の一軍によって囲まれて表現されている。","Yakushi Nyorai, the Buddha of medicine and healing, is often depicted surrounded by a group of fearsome guardians called the Twelve Heavenly Generals. "]
[2122,"京都府 ","真言宗総本山　東寺（教王護国寺）","建造物等","礎石","そせき","foundation stones","火事から5年後の1491年に再建され、この建物はいまだに元の講堂の礎石の上に建っている。","Rebuilt in 1491, five years after the fire, the building still stands on the foundation stones of the original hall. "]
[2123,"京都府 ","真言宗総本山　東寺（教王護国寺）","建造物等","入母屋造の屋根","いりもやづくりのやね","hip-and-gable roof","講堂には1つの入母屋造の屋根と内部の仏像を見せることができる巨大な扉が付いている。","The Lecture Hall has a single hip-and-gable roof and huge doors that open to reveal the statues inside."]
[2124,"京都府 ","真言宗総本山　東寺（教王護国寺）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","四天王","してんのう","Four Heavenly Kings","須弥壇の四隅に立っているのが、四方を守る四天王の一尊である。","At each corner of the dais is one of the Four Heavenly Kings (Shitennō) who protect the four directions. "]
[2125,"京都府 ","真言宗総本山　東寺（教王護国寺）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","仏舎利塔","ぶっしゃりとう","stupa","（このような）塔は、埋葬や仏舎利を納める目的で古代から使われていた建物であるインドの仏舎利塔が発展したものである。","Pagodas evolved from Indian stupas––structures used since ancient times for burials and for housing sacred relics."]
[2126,"京都府 ","真言宗総本山　東寺（教王護国寺）","植物","木の幹","きのみき","tree trunk","塔は継ぎ合わされた3本の木の幹から成る心柱を中心に建てられている。","The pagoda is constructed around a central column formed from three tree trunks joined end to end. "]
[2127,"京都府 ","真言宗総本山　東寺（教王護国寺）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","五智如来","ごちにょらい","Five Great Buddhas","塔の中心に安置されているのは、この真言密教のパンテオンとも言える場所の最高位を占める五智如来である。","At the center of the pagoda are the Five Great Buddhas (Gochi Nyorai) who occupy the highest rank in the Shingon pantheon."]
[2128,"京都府 ","真言宗総本山　東寺（教王護国寺）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","仏舎利","ぶっしゃり","relic","この朝の儀式は一般公開されており、出席者は空海が中国から持ち帰った仏舎利の1つに触れることも許される。","The morning ceremony is open to all and those in attendance are allowed to touch one of the relics that Kūkai brought back from his studies in China."]
[2129,"京都府 ","真言宗総本山　東寺（教王護国寺）","建造物等","檜皮葺屋根","ひわだぶきやね","roof shingled in Japanese cypress bark","縁側には高欄が付いており、檜皮葺屋根になっている。","It is encircled by a railed veranda and the roof is shingled in Japanese cypress bark. "]
[2130,"京都府 ","真言宗総本山　東寺（教王護国寺）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","曼荼羅","まんだら","mandala (symbolic depictions of Buddhist cosmology)","日本に戻ったとき、貴族も庶民も分け隔てなく彼の授業（説法）に参加した。授業では、真言の唱法、曼荼羅の研究（佛教の宇宙論の象徴的な描写）、および未知の知識を生徒へ伝えた。","When he returned to Japan, nobles and commoners alike were drawn to his teachings, which incorporated the chanting of mantras, the study of mandalas (symbolic depictions of Buddhist cosmology), and the transmission of hidden knowledge from master to pupil."]
[2131,"京都府 ","真言宗総本山　東寺（教王護国寺）","建造物等","客殿","きゃくでん","guest hall ","観智院の客殿は国宝に指定されている。","The temple’s guest hall (kyakuden) is designated as a National Treasure."]
[2132,"京都府 ","真言宗総本山　東寺（教王護国寺）","建造物等","書院造","しょいんづくり","shoin-zukuri style","観智院のデザインは、その再建が行われた時代に発展を遂げていた書院造の寺の建築要素を組み合わせたものになっている。","The design of Kanchi-in combines elements of established temple architecture with the shoin-zukuri style that was developing at the time of the temple’s reconstruction. "]
[2133,"京都府 ","真言宗総本山　東寺（教王護国寺）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","金剛界曼荼羅","こんごうかいまんだら","Diamond World Mandala","これらの神々は、真言宗で主に使用される2つの曼荼羅のうちの1つである金剛界曼荼羅の中心に描かれている五大佛の姿を表現している。","These deities are manifestations of the Five Great Buddhas who appear at the center of the of the Diamond World Mandala, one of the two main mandalas used in Shingon Buddhism. "]
[2134,"京都府 ","真言宗総本山　東寺（教王護国寺）","人物・人名・役職名","夜叉神","やしゃじん"," yasha\nor \nguardian sprits","夜叉神は守護霊として知られており、東側は雄夜叉と西側は雌夜叉である。","They are popularly known as yasha, or guardian spirits—a male yasha on the east side and a female on the west."]
[2135,"京都府 ","真言宗総本山　東寺（教王護国寺）","年中行事","御影供","みえいく","Mieiku ceremony","工芸品と骨董品の弘法市が、毎月21日に東寺の敷地内で開催されている。この市は鎌倉時代（1185-1333）に始まった伝統である御影供に訪れた礼拝者のためのお店から派生したものである。空海は伝統的に日本の旧暦で3月21日に永遠の禅定に入ったと考えられており、御影供はその日に合わせて行われている。","The market grew out of the shops that would serve the worshippers who visited the temple for the Mieiku ceremony, a tradition started during the Kamakura period (1185–1333). Kūkai is traditionally believed to have entered into eternal meditation on the twenty-first of the third month of the old Japanese calendar. The Mieiku ceremony is held on that date."]
[2136,"京都府 ","真言宗総本山　東寺（教王護国寺）","年中行事","即位灌頂","そくいかんじょう","sokui kanjō ceremony","何世紀にもわたって、新たな天皇はここで即位灌頂という儀式を行っていた。","For centuries, new emperors were enthroned here in the sokui kanjō ceremony. "]
[2137,"京都府 ","真言宗総本山　東寺（教王護国寺）","建造物等","襖","ふすま","sliding fusuma doors","5つの部屋の襖は水墨画で飾られている。","The sliding fusuma doors in five of the rooms are decorated with ink wash paintings."]
[2138,"京都府 ","真言宗総本山　東寺（教王護国寺）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","食堂","じきどう","Jikidō\nor \nresidence hall","食堂は東寺にある住居であり、僧侶たちが食事をし、日々の宗教学習を行う所である。","The Jikidō is Tōji’s residence hall, where the monks eat and conduct their day-to-day religious training. "]
[2139,"京都府 ","真言宗総本山　東寺（教王護国寺）","工芸・美術品","漆","うるし","lacquer","像は木と漆で作られ、金箔で覆われている。","The statues are made of wood and lacquer, and most are covered in gold leaf."]
[2140,"京都府 ","真言宗総本山　東寺（教王護国寺）","工芸・美術品","花札","はなふだ","hanafuda playing cards","この話は伝統的な「花札」にも描かれており、ある歌舞伎の劇中の一場面にもインスピレーションを与えた。","The story is depicted on traditional hanafuda playing cards and inspired a scene in a kabuki play."]
[2141,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","醍醐寺","だいごじ"," Daigo-ji","醍醐寺は、京都市の南東部にある仏教寺院です。","The Daigo-ji is a vast Buddhist temple complex and monastery located in the southeastern part of Kyoto-city."]
[2142,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","山岳","笠取山","かさとりやま","Mount Kasatori","今日、醍醐寺は笠取山に広がり、京都の最も古い建造物である五重塔があります。","Daigo-ji with its three different parts sprawls across the entire Mount Kasatori: Sanbō-in, Shimo-Daigo and Kami-Daigo. "]
[2143,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","下醍醐","しもだいご","Shimo-Daigo","山の下部には、醍醐寺の主要な建造物群を成す寺院やお堂が立ち並ぶ下醍醐、および醍醐寺の僧侶の住居である三宝院があります。","Two of them are found at the foot of the mountain: Sanbō-in, the historical residence of the abbots of Daigo-ji, and Shimo-Daigo, a complex of shrines and halls that forms the main part of the temple. "]
[2144,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","上醍醐","かみだいご","Kami-Daigo","山の頂上には上醍醐と呼ばれる、聖宝がはじめに醍醐寺を建てた場所があります。","The summit of Mt. Kasatori is crowned by the old precinct of Kami-Daigo, the site of the original temple founded by Shōbō in the 9th century."]
[2145,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","霊宝館","れいほうかん","Reihō-kan Museum","博物館である霊宝館には、何千もの貴重な文書や仏像、絵画を含む非常に数多くの国宝が保管されています。","The nearby Reihō-kan Museum has been inaugurated in 1935 to house the treasure chamber of the temple."]
[2146,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","真言宗","しんごんしゅう","Shingon School","醍醐寺は真言宗醍醐派の主要な寺院であり、1994年からユネスコの世界遺産に登録されています。","It is the mother temple of the Daigo order of the Shingon School, and it has been listed as an UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1994."]
[2147,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","三宝院","さんぼういん","Sanbō-in,","三宝院は、醍醐寺の14代座主だった勝覚僧正(1057-1129)によって1115年に住職の住居として建てられました。","Sanbō-in, the historical residence of the abbots, was built in 1115 by Shōkaku (1057–1129), the 14th head of Daigo-ji."]
[2148,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","人物・人名・役職名","薬師如来","やくしにょらい"," Yakushi Nyorai","博物館に常設展示されているのは、薬と癒しの仏である薬師如来の木造の坐像です。 ","A gilded wooden triad of the seated Yakushi Nyorai, the Buddha of Medicine and Healing, forms the center of the permanent exhibition as the biggest of the National Treasures of the temple. "]
[2149,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","人物・人名・役職名","五大明王","ごだいみょうおう","Godai Myō-ō","五大明王の像は、寺院が最初に建てられた場所である上醍醐にある五大堂から霊宝館に移されました。","Further important sculptures on permanent display are the Godai Myō-ō or Five Great Wisdom Kings. These statues were equally transferred to Reihō-kan from the Godai-dō on the Kami-Daigo precinct. "]
[2150,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","聖宝","しょうぼう"," Shōbō","上醍醐は、空海（774〜835）の修行僧であり孫弟子である聖宝（832〜909、死後は理源大師として知られる）によって最初に寺院が設立された場所です。","Kami-Daigo is the site of the original temple that was founded by Shōbō in the 9th century."]
[2151,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","金堂","こんどう","Kon-dō","金堂は下醍醐の中心的なお堂です。","The Kon-dō, main hall or literally Golden Hall, is the central feature of the Shimo-Daigo area and a National Treasure."]
[2152,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","人物・人名・役職名","豊臣秀吉","とよとみひでよし","Toyotomi Hideyoshi","現在のお堂は、1600年頃に豊臣秀吉（1537-1598）の命令により移転されました。","The current building was relocated by ship from another temple (Mangan-ji, Yuasa) on the Kii Peninsula on the orders of Toyotomi Hideyoshi during the great reconstruction period."]
[2153,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","人物・人名・役職名","日光","にっこう","Nikkō","兄弟でそれぞれ日の光と月の光の菩薩である日光菩薩と月光菩薩が、薬師如来の両脇に立っています。","The hall also enshrines a Yakushi Nyorai triad, with the sun and moon Bodhisattvas Nikkō and Gekkō flanking him."]
[2154,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","人物・人名・役職名","月光","げっこう","Gekkō","兄弟でそれぞれ日の光と月の光の菩薩である日光菩薩と月光菩薩が、薬師如来の両脇に立っています。","The hall also enshrines a Yakushi Nyorai triad, with the sun and moon Bodhisattvas Nikkō and Gekkō flanking him."]
[2155,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","四天王","してんのう","Shitennō","これらは四天王として知られる世界を守る四神です。","The hall also enshrines a Yakushi Nyorai triad, with the addition of the Shitennō or Four Heavenly Kings, who all were part of the relocation from the south to the capital."]
[2156,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","五重塔","ごじゅうのとう","five-storied pagoda","五重塔は、京都で最も古い木造の建造物です。","The five-storied pagoda is the oldest surviving wooden structure in Kyoto."]
[2157,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","両界曼荼羅","りょうかいまんだら","The Mandala of the Two Realms (Ryōkai Mandala)","一つは有名な曼荼羅で、両界曼荼羅（２つの世界の曼荼羅）として知られる宇宙を表象する図式的な芸術作品です。","The first mural depicts the most renowned pair of mandala in Shingon Buddhism - The Mandala of the Two Realms (Ryōkai Mandala), a diagrammatic expression that consist of two individual representations. "]
[2158,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","清瀧宮本殿","せいりゅうぐうほんでん","The Seiryū-gū Honden ","清瀧宮本殿は、醍醐寺を守る神を祀る神社です。 ","The Seiryū-gū Honden is the main sanctuary within the small complex dedicated to Seiryū Gongen, the protective deity of Daigo-ji, and of esoteric Shingon Buddhism in general. "]
[2159,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","人物・人名・役職名","空海","くうかい","Kūkai","清瀧権現は、空海（774-836）によって中国から日本に伝来しました。","The deity Seiryū Gongen was introduced to Japan from China by Kūkai. "]
[2160,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","不動堂","ふどうどう","Fudō-dō ","不動堂は、五大明王を祀る小さなお堂です。","The Fudō-dō is a small hall within the cluster of temples and halls in the Shimo-Daigo area, dedicated to the worship of the Five Great Wisdom Kings (Godai Myō-ō). "]
[2161,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","祖師堂","そしどう","Soshi-dō","祖師堂は、1605年に当時の醍醐寺の座主だった義演准后によって建てられました。","The Soshi-dō or Founders’ Hall was built in 1605 by Gien, the abbot of Daigo-ji at that time and principal agent behind the large reconstruction program of the 16th century. "]
[2162,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","観音堂","かんのんどう","Kannon-dō","下醍醐の観音堂はもともと大講堂として知られていました。","The Kannon-dō or hall for the Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara within the Shimo-Daigo precinct was formerly known as the Daikō-dō, the Great Lecture Hall. "]
[2163,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","人物・人名・役職名","阿弥陀如来","あみだにょらい","Amida Nyorai","阿弥陀如来は量り知れない光と生命の仏陀であり、阿弥陀如来像は平安時代（794-1185）後期に造られたものです。","The first is Amida Nyorai, the Buddha of Infinite Light or Life – the translation differs according to various sutras."]
[2164,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","ご開扉","ごかいひ","gokaihi","厨子への扉を開く「ご開扉」と呼ばれる式典が開催されます。","The gokaihi ceremony marks the opening of the doors of the shrine that houses the sacred statue."]
[2165,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","弁天堂","べんてんどう","Benten-dō","弁天堂は芸術と知識の女神である弁財天に捧げられています。","The Benten-dō is dedicated to Benzai-ten, the deity of the arts and knowledge."]
[2166,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","人物・人名・役職名","弁財天","べんざいてん","Benzai-ten","弁財天は、水に関連するヒンドゥー教の女神に由来しています。","Benzai-ten, representing joy, is traceable to the Hindu deity of wisdom, music and art.  "]
[2167,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","七福神","しちふくじん","Seven Deities of Good Fortune (Shichi Fukujin)","彼女は通常、琵琶を演奏している姿で描かれ、七福神の中で唯一の女性神です。","She is popular as the only female deity of the well-known Seven Deities of Good Fortune (Shichi Fukujin), a Japanese group of prosperity deities originating in other belief systems including Hinduism and Taoism."]
[2168,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","工芸・美術品","琵琶","びわ","biwa","彼女は通常、琵琶を演奏している姿で描かれます。","She is usually depicted playing the biwa lute."]
[2169,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","西大門","さいだいもん","Saidai-mon","西大門として知られる守護王の門は、醍醐寺の主要な建造物群である下醍醐の入り口を示しています。","The Saidai-mon is the western gate that houses the two guardian kings and marks the entrance into Shimo-Daigo, the main temple complex. "]
[2170,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","仁王","におう","Niō","門の両側には、２人の慈悲深い守護王（仁王）の像があり、仁王は仏教寺院の入り口を守るために門に座っています。","The gate is flanked on each side by the pair of Guardian Kings or Niō, popular protectors of the entrance to Buddhist temples in East Asia."]
[2171,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","真如三摩耶堂","しんにょさんまやどう"," Shinnyo Sanmaya-dō","真如三昧耶堂は真如苑のお堂であり、下醍醐の境内で最も新しい礼拝所の一つです。","The Shinnyo Sanmaya-dō, or Hall of Contemplation on Ultimate Truth, is one of the most recently constructed places of worship within the precincts of Shimo-Daigo."]
[2172,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","冨嶽の間","ふがくのま","Fugaku no ma","正面玄関から入った大きな部屋は「富嶽の間」と呼ばれています。","The larger hall accessible from the main entrance is called Fugaku no ma or Mt. Fuji Room. "]
[2173,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","工芸・美術品","屏風","びょうぶ","screens","部屋には、竹、桜、季節の風景、富士山が描かれた屏風が飾られています。","These rooms are decorated with painted screens adorned with bamboo, cherry blossoms, seasonal scenes, and Mount Fuji."]
[2174,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","葵の間","あおいのま","Aoi no ma","葵の間は、三宝院の入り口近くにある3つの隣接する応接室のうち最初で最大の部屋です。","The Aoi no ma, or Hollyhock Room, is the first and largest of three contiguous reception rooms near the entrance of the Sanbō-in."]
[2175,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","建造物等","下段","げだん","gedan ","下段（下層階）と呼ばれ、実際、床は他の2つの部屋の床よりもわずかに低くなっています。","As the room closest to the entrance, it has the lowest status, known as gedan (lower level), with an actually slightly lower floor compared to the other two rooms. "]
[2176,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","年中行事","葵祭り","あおいまつり","Aoi Matsuri","部屋の名前は、部屋の内装を成す襖に描かれた葵祭りに由来します。","The name of the room derived from the Aoi Matsuri (Hollyhock Festival), which is depicted in paintings on the sliding door panels that form its interior walls. "]
[2177,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","秋草の間","あきくさのま","Akikusa no ma","秋草の間と勅使の間は、三宝院の入り口近くにある3つの応接室の2番目と3番目です。","The Akikusa no ma (Room of Autumn Grasses) and the Chokushi no ma (Room of the Imperial Envoy) are the second and third of the three reception rooms near the entrance of the Sanbō-in."]
[2178,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","勅使の間","ちょくしのま","Chokushi no ma","勅使の間が、入口から最も遠く、一番小さい部屋（10畳）で最高位（床も最高位）です。","The Chokushi no ma is furthest from the entrance, smallest in size (10 tatami mats), and highest in status (and floor height)."]
[2179,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","工芸・美術品","畳","たたみ"," tatami","2番目の部屋は、15畳あり、日本絵画と詩の題目として長く使われてきた秋の七草から名付けられました。","The second room Akikusa no ma, 15 tatami mats in size, takes its name from the seven flowering grasses of autumn, which has long been a theme of Japanese painting and poetry."]
[2180,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","唐門","からもん","Kara-mon","唐門は、皇室の使節が僧院に入るために使用する国宝の門です。 ","The Imperial Messenger Gate (Kara-mon), designated a National Treasure, is the gate traditionally reserved for imperial envoys entering the residence of the abbot."]
[2181,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","建造物等","表書院","おもてしょいん","Omote-Shoin","表書院として知られる、三宝院のメインの応接室は、3つの部屋で構成されています。","The stately Drawing Room of Sanbō-in, known as Omote-Shoin, consists of three rooms, the lowest of which can be transformed into a stage."]
[2182,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","芸能・興行・イベント","狂言","きょうげん","kyōgen","日本の古典舞踊の能と、狂言と呼ばれる能の合間にしばしば行われる喜劇が演じられる建築になっていました。","The plays performed here belonged to the performance art of noh, the classical Japanese dance-drama that developed since the 14th century, typically accompanied by kyōgen, a comic act often performed as an interval during noh performances."]
[2183,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","藤戸石","ふじといし","Fujito Ishi","藤戸は有名な12世紀の戦の場所であり、藤戸の石（藤戸石）は戦の勝利に関連付けられました。","Fujito was a famous 12th century battle site and legend claims that the Rock of Fujito (Fujito Ishi) was gathered after the battle as a memento."]
[2184,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","島しょ","鶴島","つるしま","Tsurushima","対照的に、鶴島は動的な動きを表しています。","In contrast, Tsurushima represents dynamic movement. "]
[2185,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","集落・街","亀島","かめしま","Kameshima","亀島は亀に似ており、右にある大きな石が亀の首を、反対の石が亀の尻尾を表しています。","Kameshima resembles a turtle, with one large stone on the right representing the neck and another on the opposite side serving as its tail. "]
[2186,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","賀茂の三石","かものさんせき","Three Stones of the Kamo River","賀茂の三石は、三宝院の庭園内にある禅の石庭です。","The three stones nearest the viewer arranged in the typical Japanese dry landscape design are called the “Three Stones of the Kamo River” (Kamo no sanseki). "]
[2187,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","植物","太閤しだれ桜","たいこうしだれざくら","Taikō Shidare Zakura","三宝院の入り口にある太閤しだれ桜は、しだれ桜の種の象徴的な例です。","The Weeping Cherry Tree of the Regent Toyotomi Hideyoshi (Taikō Shidare Zakura), situated at the entrance to the Sanbō-in, is an iconic example of its kind."]
[2188,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","純浄観","じゅんじょうかん","Junjō-kan ","純浄観は三宝院内の建物です。","Junjō-kan is a hall within Sanbō-in. "]
[2189,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","奥宸殿","おくしんでん","Okushinden ","奥宸殿は、江戸時代（1603〜1867）初期に建設されました。","Okushinden Hall was constructed at the beginning of the Edo period (1603-1867)."]
[2190,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","工芸・美術品","二畳台","にじょうだい","nijōdai","身分の高い人物が座る場所（二畳台）と護衛が待つ場所（武者隠し）があります。","It includes a special raised tatami mat (nijōdai) where dignitaries would sit and a space for guards to wait in attendance (mushakakushi). "]
[2191,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","建造物等","武者隠し","むしゃがくし","mushakakushi","身分の高い人物が座る場所（二畳台）と護衛が待つ場所（武者隠し）があります。","It includes a special raised tatami mat (nijōdai) where dignitaries would sit and a space for guards to wait in attendance (mushakakushi). "]
[2192,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","建造物等","醍醐棚","だいごだな","Daigo-dana","主な特徴は、「醍醐棚」と呼ばれる違い棚（段違いに取り付けた棚で、古典的な建築様式として重要なもの）です。","The most remarkable feature of the building is the “Daigo-dana,” the set of staggered shelves, which is an example of chigaidana, an important element of the Shoin style interior design that developed during the Momoyama period."]
[2193,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","建造物等","違い棚","ちがいだな"," chigaidana","主な特徴は、「醍醐棚」と呼ばれる違い棚（段違いに取り付けた棚で、古典的な建築様式として重要なもの）です。","The most remarkable feature of the building is the “Daigo-dana,” the set of staggered shelves, which is an example of chigaidana, an important element of the Shoin style interior design that developed during the Momoyama period."]
[2194,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","建造物等","桂棚","かつらたな","Katsura-tana","他の２つは修学院離宮の「霞棚」と桂離宮の「桂棚」です。どちらも京都にあります。","This is considered one of the three finest sets of shelves in Japan, the other two being the “Kasumi-tana” in Shugakuin Imperial Villa and the “Katsura-tana” in Katsura Imperial Villa."]
[2195,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","建造物等","霞棚","かすみたな","Kasumi-tana","他の２つは修学院離宮の「霞棚」と桂離宮の「桂棚」です。どちらも京都にあります。","This is considered one of the three finest sets of shelves in Japan, the other two being the “Kasumi-tana” in Shugakuin Imperial Villa and the “Katsura-tana” in Katsura Imperial Villa."]
[2196,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","人物・人名・役職名","弥勒菩薩","みろくぼさつ","Miroku Bosatsu","弥勒菩薩は、将来完全な悟りに到達し、人類を救うために再び地上に現れると信じられている菩薩です。","The Hon-dō, also called Miroku-do, is a hall dominated by one of the most impressive and realistic statue of Miroku Bosatsu, the Bodhisattva Maitreya."]
[2197,"京都府 ","宗教法人　醍醐寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","護摩堂","ごまどう","Goma-dō","本堂の後ろには、護摩火の儀式に使用される護摩堂があります。","Behind the hall of Hon-dō is the Goma-dō Hall, a venue for the goma fire ritual."]
[2198,"京都府 ","総本山　仁和寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","金堂","こんどう","kondo","金堂は、天皇の謁見室として、また国家的な行事の会場として使用されていた。         ","The Kondo (Main Hall) is a building that once served as audience chamber for the emperor and venue for state ceremonies."]
[2199,"京都府 ","総本山　仁和寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","五重塔","ごじゅうのとう","gojunoto","五重の塔には１階しか部屋が存在しない。","The structure of the five-story pagoda building is single-storied."]
[2200,"京都府 ","総本山　仁和寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","仁王門","におうもん","niomon","堂々たる威容を示す二王門は仁和寺の入り口である。","The imposing entranceway to the Ninnaji complex is the Gate of the Guardian Kings, or the Niomon."]
[2201,"京都府 ","総本山　仁和寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","御影堂","みえどう","miedo","御影堂は、かつては京都御所の中にあった。","The Miedo Hall is a building that was once part of the Kyoto Imperial Palace complex."]
[2202,"京都府 ","総本山　仁和寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","観音堂","かんのんどう","kannondo","観音堂の名前はその本尊である慈悲の菩薩、観音菩薩像に由来している。","The Kannondo Hall takes its name from its main object of worship: a statue of Kannon, the bodhisattva of compassion."]
[2203,"京都府 ","総本山　仁和寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","経蔵","きょうぞう","kyozo","経蔵には768点の経典が収められているが、一般的な書庫とは似ても似つかないものである。","The Sutra Repository stores 768 sacred texts, but it is unlike any standard library."]
[2204,"京都府 ","総本山　仁和寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","中門","ちゅうもん","chumon","仁和寺の中でも宗教的な重要性がますます強くなるエリアへの入り口となるのが中門である。","The Central Gate marks the entrance into a more sacred area of the temple complex."]
[2205,"京都府 ","総本山　仁和寺","人物・人名・役職名","九所明神","くしょみょうじん","kujo myoujin","九所明神の建物は日本の土着の宗教である神道の礼拝の場として機能している。","The three buildings making up the Kujo Myojin shrine serve as places of worship for deities of Japan’s indigenous faith, known today as Shinto."]
[2206,"京都府 ","総本山　仁和寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","本坊表門","ほんぼうおもてもん","Honbo-omotemon","本坊表門は元来、この門の内側にある多くの建物と同様に、京都の御所にあったものである。","Like many of the buildings that once lay beyond it, the Honbo-omotemon Gate originally stood on the Imperial Palace grounds."]
[2207,"京都府 ","総本山　仁和寺","建造物等","遼廓亭","りょうかくてい","ryokakutei","遼廓亭は本坊表門の内側にある2つの茶室のうちのひとつである。","Ryokakutei is one of two teahouses that can be found on Ninnaji’s grounds beyond the Honbo-omotemon Gate."]
[2208,"京都府 ","総本山　仁和寺","建造物等","飛濤亭","ひとうてい","hitotei","第119代天皇である光格天皇が茶室・飛濤亭を仁和寺に寄贈した。","Emperor Kokaku  donated the Hitotei teahouse to Ninnaji."]
[2209,"京都府 ","総本山　仁和寺","建造物等","宸殿","しんでん","shinden\n","宸殿は17世紀半ばに皇室から仁和寺に寄贈されたが、その本来の建物は1887年の火事で焼失してしまった。","The Shinden Hall was a former Kyoto palace structure moved to Ninnaji in the mid-seventeenth century, but lost to fire in 1887."]
[2210,"京都府 ","総本山　仁和寺","庭園・公園","築山","つきやま","tsukiyama","北庭には湧き水を使った池があり、その周囲には遊歩道と築山（人工の小さな丘）がある。","The North Garden features a spring-fed pond surrounded by a path and an artificial hill (tsukiyama). "]
[2211,"京都府 ","総本山　仁和寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","御室八十八ヶ所霊場","おむろはちじゅうはちかしょれいじょう","Omuro Hachijuhachi-kasho Reijo","御室八十八ヶ所霊場は全長3キロメートル、所要時間2時間のウォーキングコースであり、有名な四国のお遍路をベースとしている。","The Omuro Hachijuhachi-kasho Reijo is a 3-kilometer, 2-hour walking course that is a miniature version of the famous Shikoku pilgrimage. "]
[2212,"京都府 ","総本山　仁和寺","植物","御室桜","おむろさくら","Omuro Sakura","この木々は御室桜である。遅咲きの桜で、仁和寺といえば御室桜として広く知られている。","These cherry trees are Omuro Sakura, a late-blooming variety widely associated with Ninnaji. "]
[2213,"京都府 ","総本山　仁和寺","芸能・興行・イベント","御室流華道","おむろりゅうかどう","Omuro-ryu Kado","仁和寺は生花の御室流の拠点である。御室流は日本の第59代天皇である宇多天皇（867〜931年）が創始者である。","Ninnaji is the headquarters of the Omuro school of flower arrangement, or ikebana, which was founded by Emperor Uda (867–931)."]
[2214,"京都府 ","総本山　仁和寺","人物・人名・役職名","阿弥陀如来","あみだにょらい","Amida Nyorai","この坐像は阿弥陀如来であり、西方浄土の仏陀である。888年に仁和寺の本尊としてつくられた。","This seated statue of Amida, Buddha of the Western Pure Land, was created in 888 to serve as the principal object of worship at Ninnaji."]
[2215,"京都府 ","総本山　仁和寺","人物・人名・役職名","多聞天","たもんてん","Tamonten","四天王の一人である多聞天をかたどったこの像からは、静かな怒りが伝わってくる。","Tamonten is the most powerful of the Four Heavenly Kings, who each take a cardinal direction in guarding the world against evil influences."]
[2216,"京都府 ","総本山　仁和寺","人物・人名・役職名","文殊菩薩","もんじゅぼさつ","Monju Bosatsu","文殊菩薩は知恵を擬人化した存在である。","Monju personifies wisdom."]
[2217,"京都府 ","総本山　仁和寺","人物・人名・役職名","吉祥天","きちじょうてん","Kichijoten ","吉祥天は女神である。人々は古くから吉祥天を多産や美の神として崇拝してきたが、それと同時に、幸運や富など、より一般的な祈りの対象ともなってきた。","Kichijoten is considered a female deity. Worshippers have long prayed to her as a goddess of fertility and beauty, as well as asked her for more commonplace favors such as wealth and good fortune. "]
[2218,"京都府 ","総本山　仁和寺","人物・人名・役職名","持国天","じこくてん","Jikkuten","四天王の一人である持国天は、東の方角の守護神であり、剣を持ち、断固たる表情をしていて、世界および仏教の守護神としての役割が強調されている。","Jikokuten, one of the Four Heavenly Kings charged with protecting the eastern realms, wields a sword and bears a steadfast expression, emphasizing his role as a guardian of the world and the Buddhist faith."]
[2219,"京都府 ","総本山　仁和寺","人物・人名・役職名","愛染明王","あいぜんみょうおう","Aizen Myo-o","この愛染明王像は坐像であり、恐ろしげに歯をむき出し、真っ赤な顔をしている。","Aizen Myo-o, the Bright King of Passion, appears here seated, teeth flashing fiercely from a bright red face."]
[2220,"京都府 ","総本山　仁和寺","人物・人名・役職名","顕證","けんしょう","Kensho","近世における仁和寺の歴史における最重要人物の一人である17世紀の僧、顕證の死後につくられた肖像彫刻で、顕證の記念碑としての機能も果たしている。","This statue serves as both a memorial and a posthumous portrait of the seventeenth-century monk Kensho (1597–1678), one of the most important figures in Ninnaji’s premodern history. "]
[2221,"京都府 ","総本山　仁和寺","人物・人名・役職名","宇多法皇","うだほうおう","Uda hoo","59代目の宇田天皇は、ここでは僧侶として描かれている。","This image depicts Emperor Uda as a monk, holding a sword in one hand. "]
[2222,"京都府 ","総本山　仁和寺","人物・人名・役職名","覚深法親王","かくしんほっしんのう","Kakushin Hoshinno","覚深は仁和寺にかつての栄華を取り戻す決意をし、当時の将軍であった徳川家光が1634年に京都を訪れた際に面会を願い出て、資金援助と再建の許可を嘆願した。","When Tokugawa Iemitsu happened to visit Kyoto in 1634, Kakushin sought an audience, urging the ruling shogun to help in finding funds and in granting permission to rebuild it."]
[2223,"京都府 ","総本山　仁和寺","建造物等","黒書院","くろしょいん","kuroshoin","黒書院は複合的な建物である。京都の東部にある蓮華光院（安井門跡）を移築した建築に、その他の建築的な特徴が組み合わされている。","The Kuroshoin is a hybrid building composed primarily of the Rengekoin, a court-affiliated temple that used to be in eastern Kyoto and was moved to Ninnaji in 1910."]
[2224,"京都府 ","総本山　仁和寺","建造物等","白書院","しろしょいん","shiroshoin\n","白書院は仁和寺の伽藍の中心に位置し、儀式用の空間として、宸殿と同時に、あるいはそのかわりとして使われている。","The Shiroshoin sits at the heart of the Ninnaji temple complex.It serves as a ceremonial space used in addition to, or instead of the Shinden."]
[2225,"京都府 ","総本山　仁和寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","霊明殿","れいめいでん","reimeiden","宸殿の北東側に位置する祈祷のための建物である霊明殿の上には、宝珠が飾られている。","A sacred jewel adorns the top of the Reimeiden, a hall of memorial tablets located just to the northeast of the Shinden."]
[2226,"京都府 ","総本山　仁和寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","勅使門","ちょくしもん","chokushimon","勅使門は南庭への入り口にある門であるが、天皇またはその使いの者のみが通る門なので、滅多に開かれることはない。","The Chokushimon—the gate used specifically for the passage of the emperor or his official messengers—leads into the South Gardens."]
[2227,"京都府 ","総本山　仁和寺","人物・人名・役職名","弘法大師","こうぼうだいし","Kobo Daishi","生前、弘法大師は空海と呼ばれていた。弘法大師という名前は死後につけられた尊称であり、「仏教の法の偉大な教師」という意味がある。弘法大師の日本の仏教における重要性は、いくら強調しても強調しすぎるということはない。","During his life, Kobo Daishi was known as Kukai; the name Kobo Daishi, meaning “Great Teacher of the Buddhist Law,” was conferred upon him posthumously. It is difficult to overstate his importance to Japanese Buddhism."]
[2228,"京都府 ","総本山　仁和寺","人物・人名・役職名","不動明王","ふどうみょうおう","Fudo Myo-o","不動明王は五大明王の中でも最も力が強く、最も重要な明王である。","Fudo is the most important and the most powerful of the Five Wisdom Kings."]
[2229,"京都府 ","総本山　仁和寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","童子","どうじ","Doji","人々は、特に自分の子供が病気になった時に、あるいはただ単に無事に成長してほしいという願いを込めて、子供の守護を求めて童子に祈りを捧げる。","Doji is petitioned for the protection of children, especially when illness befalls them, but also simply so that they may grow up without incident. "]
[2230,"京都府 ","総本山　仁和寺","人物・人名・役職名","観音","かんのん","Kannon","無限の慈悲の女神である観音は、様々な姿で描写される。","Kannon, Goddess of Unending Compassion, can take many different forms. "]
[2231,"京都府 ","総本山　仁和寺","人物・人名・役職名","観賢","かんげん","Kangen","観賢（854〜925年）は真言宗の僧であり、900年に仁和寺の住職になった。それがこの僧侶の輝かしいキャリアの出発点となった。","Kangen (854–925) was a Shingon priest who became the abbot at Ninnaji in 900, marking the starting point of an illustrious career."]
[2232,"京都府 ","総本山　仁和寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","多宝塔","たほうとう","Tahoto","五重塔は仏陀（日本では釈迦如来と呼ばれる）を記念しているものだが、多宝塔には未来の仏陀の一人である多宝如来が祀られている。","Tiered Pagoda commemorates the historical Buddha known in Japan as Shaka Nyorai (Shakyamuni Buddha), the Many-Jeweled Pagoda honors one of the Buddhas of the future, Taho Nyorai (Prabhūta-ratna)."]
[2233,"京都府 ","総本山　仁和寺","人物・人名・役職名","徳川家光","とくがわいえみつ","Tokugawa Iemitsu","徳川家光（1604〜1651年）は徳川家の第3代将軍であり、その治世のもとで日本は群雄割拠の分裂した国から、列島の4つの主な島のうちの3島を統一した政治体制の国へと変わった。","Tokugawa Iemitsu (1604–1651) was the third shogun of the Tokugawa family, under whose rule Japan turned from a country of numerous warlords constantly fighting with each other to a unified political body spanning three of Japan’s four main islands."]
[2234,"京都府 ","総本山　仁和寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","曼荼羅","まんだら","Mandara","これは300枚でひと組となるもののうちの1枚で、すべてを組み合わせると、「曼荼羅」と呼ばれる仏教の宇宙を視覚的に表現した地図ができあがる。","This imprint is one of a set of 300 which, when printed together, create a visual map of the Buddhist universe known as a mandala."]
[2235,"京都府 ","総本山　仁和寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","四天王","してんのう","shitenno","彩色を施した銅板でつくられたこれらの像は、4つの方位を守護する仏教の守護者、四天王のうちの2人を表している。","Made from sheet copper, these images represent two of the Four Heavenly Kings, the Buddhist guardians of the four cardinal directions. "]
[2236,"京都府 ","総本山　仁和寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","御室会館","おむろかいかん","Omuro Kaikan","御室会館は1978年に若者の精神的な成長と身体的な発達のためのセンターとして建設された。","The Omuro Kaikan was built in 1978 as a center for the promotion of the spiritual growth and physical development of young men."]
[2237,"京都府 ","宗教法人　平等院","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","梵鐘","ぼんしょう","bonsho","平等院は、平安時代（794 – 1185）に、何世紀にもわたって外気にさらされることへの保護と復元の目的で、梵鐘を室内に保管するようになりました。  ","The bell, cast during the Heian period (794–1185), was brought inside for conservation and restoration after centuries of exposure to the elements.","※「Temple Bell」とも表記します。"]
[2238,"京都府 ","宗教法人　平等院","工芸・美術品","九品来迎図","くほんらいこうず","kuhon raiko-zu","鳳凰堂に入ると、壁から壁へ、天井から天井までの九品来迎図に驚かされる。阿弥陀如来に関連する場面を描いた絵は、新たに亡くなった人の霊を迎えている。","The kuhon raiko-zu paintings that cover the walls and ceiling of the Phoenix Hall depict Amida Buddha (Sk. Amitabha) welcoming the spirits of the newly deceased to the Pure Land (Jodo). "]
[2239,"京都府 ","宗教法人　平等院","工芸・美術品","雲中供養菩薩像","うんちゅうくようぼさつ","Unchu Kuyo Bosatsu","次に、長押(なげし)の上の白壁にかかっております小さな仏像は、すべて雲の上に乗っておりますので、「雲中供養菩薩像」と名付けられています。","The small statues sitting on clouds that appear to float as they hang on the white wall of the hall are called the Unchu Kuyo Bosatsu, or “Worshipping Bodhisattvas on Clouds.” ","※「Worshipping Bodhisattvas on Clouds」とも表記します。"]
[2240,"京都府 ","宗教法人　平等院","動物","鳳凰","ほうおう","Ho-o","この建物は、鳳凰堂として知られています。この名前は、建物が鳥に似ていること、つまり中央の躯体から曲げ広げた翼と、屋根を飾る2羽の銅製の鳳凰像の両方に由来しています。鳳凰は東アジア神話において再生の象徴です。","The hall is better known as the Phoenix Hall (Ho-o-do). The name comes both from the building’s physical resemblance to a bird—a central body with outstretched wings—and from the two bronze phoenix statues that decorate its roof. ","※「Phoenix statues」とも表記します。"]
[2241,"京都府 ","宗教法人　平等院","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","鳳凰堂","ほうおうどう","Ho-o-do","鳳凰堂は、日本で最も象徴的な建造物の1つであり、現存する平安時代（794〜1184）最大の建造物です。","The Phoenix Hall is one of Japan’s most iconic structures, and the largest example of Heian period (794–1184) architecture still standing. ","※「Phoenix Hall」とも表記します。"]
[2242,"京都府 ","宗教法人　平等院","工芸・美術品","阿弥陀如来坐像","あみだにょらいざぞう","Amida Buddha","国宝である平等院の阿弥陀仏（阿弥陀如来）は、鳳凰堂にある蓮を象った台座の上で、ほぼ1,000年の間たたずんできました。","Byodoin’s Amida (Sk. Amitabha) Buddha is a designated National Treasure, installed on its lotus-shaped pedestal in the Amida Hall (Phoenix Hall) nearly 1,000 years ago. "]
[2243,"京都府 ","宗教法人　平等院","庭園・公園","平等院庭園","びょうどういんていえん","Byodoin garden","平等院の庭園は、平安時代（794〜1185年）に栄えた浄土庭園の最も優れた例である。","Byodoin Temple garden is the finest surviving example of the Jodo Garden style that flourished during the Heian period (794–1185)."]
[2244,"京都府 ","宗教法人　平等院","工芸・美術品","十一面観音立像","じゅういちめんかんのんりゅうぞう","Eleven-Headed Kannon","この十一面観音は、12世紀頃に建てられた観音堂の主要なイメージだ。観音は同情の菩薩であり、しばしば仏教における慈悲の女神と言われる。","This Eleven-Headed Kannon (Sk. Avalokiteshvara) is the principal image of the Kannondo Hall, which was built around the twelfth century. "]
[2245,"京都府 ","宗教法人　平等院","工芸・美術品","地蔵菩薩立像","じぞうぼさつりゅうぞう","Jizo Bodhisattva Wooden Statue","地蔵菩薩は阿弥陀仏の主な付添人の一人で、日本の浄土宗の最も人気のある仏の一人でもある。","One of Amida (Sk. Amitabha) Buddha’s main attendants, Jizo is one of the most popular bodhisattvas of the Pure Land (Jodo) School of Buddhism. "]
[2246,"京都府 ","宗教法人　平等院","工芸・美術品","伝帝釈天立像","でんたいしゃくてんりゅうぞう","Statue of Taishakuten","帝釈天の像は、おそらく金箔と漆で覆われていたと思われる。","The statue of Taishakuten was probably once covered in lacquer and gold leaf. "]
[2247,"京都府 ","宗教法人　平等院","建造物等","源頼政の墓","みなもとのよりまさのはか","Minamoto no Yorimasa Grave","これは、源平戦争（1180–1185）の最初の大戦で亡くなった詩人、政治家、そして戦士の源頼政（1106–1180）の墓である。","This is the grave of the poet, statesman, and warrior Minamoto no Yorimasa (1106–1180), who died in the first major battle of the Genpei War (1180–1185). "]
[2248,"京都府 ","宗教法人　平等院","庭園・公園","扇の芝","おうぎのしば","Ogi-no-Shiba","平等院に続く朱塗りの正門の近くに、「扇の芝」と呼ばれる小さな三角形の庭があります。","Near the main gate to Byodoin temple is a small, triangular garden known as the Fan Lawn. ","※「the Fan Lawn」とも表記します。"]
[2249,"京都府 ","宗教法人　平等院","建造物等","養林庵書院","ようりんあんしょいん","Yorin-an Shoin","養林庵書院は、平等院の下位寺院である浄土院の境内に位置する居住地であり、江戸時代（1603―1868）初期に建立されました。","Yorin-an Shoin is a residence within the grounds of Jodoin Temple, one of the Byodoin sub-temples. The residence was constructed in the early years of the Edo period (1603–1867). "]
[2250,"京都府 ","宗教法人　平等院","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","観音堂","かんのんどう","Kannondo","観音堂は、鳳凰堂や鐘楼ほど古くはないが、木造建築物のように、何世紀にもわたる火、戦争、地震、天候に耐えてきた。","The Kannondo is not as old as the Phoenix Hall, but, like those other wooden structures, it has survived centuries of fire, war, earthquakes, and weather. ","※「Kannondo Hall」とも表記します。"]
[2251,"京都府 ","宗教法人　平等院","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","浄土院","じょうどいん","Jodoin","浄土院という名前は、仏教の浄土宗の名を踏まえたものです。浄土宗と天台宗は共に平等院を保全しています。","The name Jodoin reflects the connection of the temple to the Pure Land (Jodo) School, which maintains Byodoin together with the Tendai School. ","※「Jodoin Temple」とも表記します。"]
[2252,"京都府 ","宗教法人　平等院","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","最勝院","さいしょういん","Saishoin","最勝院の歴史は、天台宗の僧が京都の祥泉院から平等院に移り、僧院を設立したことで天台宗と平等院との間に新たな関係を築いた1654年に遡ります。","Saishoin dates from 1654, when a Tendai priest from Shosenin Temple in Kyoto moved to Byodoin and established a temple, starting a new relationship between the Tendai School and Byodoin. "]
[2253,"京都府 ","宗教法人　平等院","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","鐘楼","しょうろう","Bell Tower","平等院の鐘楼は、その境内に残る三つの主要構造物のうちの一つです。何世紀にもわたる戦火により、平等院の宝物、お堂、塔は失われてしまいました。残ったのは、阿弥陀堂、観音堂、そしてこの鐘楼だけでした。","Byodoin Temple’s Bell Tower is one of the three main structures that have survived on the temple grounds. Over its long history, many of the temple’s treasures, halls, and towers have been lost to fire, leaving only the Phoenix Hall, the Kannondo Hall, and Bell Tower. "]
[2254,"京都府 ","栂尾山　高山寺","人物・人名・役職名","春日大明神","かすがだいみょうじん","Kasuga Daimyojin","彼は特に奈良の春日大社の祭神である春日大明神に惹かれていた。","He was particularly drawn to Kasuga Daimyojin, the Shinto deity enshrined at Kasuga Taisha Shrine in Nara."]
[2255,"京都府 ","栂尾山　高山寺","人物・人名・役職名","仏眼仏母","ぶつげんぶつも","Butsugen Butsumo","やがて彼が母親像としていた菩薩の仏眼仏母の像の前にひざまずいて片耳の一部を切り落とすことに至った。 ","He eventually settled on cutting off part of one of his ears as he knelt before an image of Butsugen Butsumo, a bodhisattva he regarded as a mother figure."]
[2256,"京都府 ","栂尾山　高山寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","修行","しゅぎょう","asceticism","京都北部の山の多い高雄地区は、古くから修行と関係があった。","The mountainous Takao area in the northern part of Kyoto has long been associated with asceticism."]
[2257,"京都府 ","栂尾山　高山寺","建造物等","入母屋造","いりもやづくり","hip-and-gable roof","その平屋の入母屋造は鎌倉時代(1185~1333年)の建築の代表的なものである。","With its one-story hip-and-gable roof, it remains a prime example of Kamakura-period (1185–1333) architecture."]
[2258,"京都府 ","栂尾山　高山寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","金堂","こんどう","Kondo","最初の金堂は、高山寺が創建された13年後の1219年に竣工した。","The original Kondo was completed in 1219, 13 years after Kosanji was founded."]
[2259,"京都府 ","栂尾山　高山寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","法要","ほうよう","Buddhist memorial services","明恵の命日である1月19日には、ここで毎年法要が行われる。","Buddhist memorial services are held here each year on January 19, the date when Myoe died."]
[2260,"京都府 ","栂尾山　高山寺","人物・人名・役職名","従者","じゅう しゃ","attendant","これは従者の恵日房成忍の作品とされ、13世紀のものである。","It is attributed to his attendant, Jonin, and has been dated to the thirteenth century."]
[2261,"京都府 ","栂尾山　高山寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","菩薩","ぼさつ","bodhisattva","仏眼仏母(サンスクリット語：Buddhalocana)は、過去・現在・未来のすべての仏の母とされる菩薩である。","Butsugen Butsumo (Sanskrit: Buddhalocana) is a bodhisattva regarded as the mother of all Buddhas past, present, and future."]
[2262,"京都府 ","栂尾山　高山寺","その他","新羅","しんら","Silla","巻物は、華厳宗(中国語：Huayan; Flower Garland)を朝鮮に伝えた二人の新羅の僧・義湘 (韓国語：Uisang)と元暁(韓国語：Weonhyo)の紀行を伝える。","The scrolls chronicle the travels of Gisho (Korean: Uisang) and Gangyo (Korean: Weonhyo), the two Silla Korean priests who introduced Kegon (Chinese: Huayan; Flower Garland) Buddhism to Korea."]
[2263,"京都府 ","栂尾山　高山寺","人物・人名・役職名","善妙神","ぜんみょうしん","Zenmyoshin","善妙神は、仏教の華厳宗(中国語：Huayan;Flower Garland)における守護神である。","Zenmyoshin is a protective deity in the Kegon (Chinese: Huayan; Flower Garland) school of Buddhism."]
[2264,"京都府 ","栂尾山　高山寺","工芸・美術品","鳥獣人物戯画","ちょうじゅうじんぶつぎが","Choju jinbutsu giga","鳥獣人物戯画は、12～13世紀に描かれた4巻の絵巻物で、日本の代表的な芸術作品の1つである。","Choju jinbutsu giga, a set of four scrolls from the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, is one of Japan’s most celebrated works of art. "]
[2265,"京都府 ","栂尾山　高山寺","書物","篆隷万象名義","てんれいばんしょうめいぎ","Tenrei bansho meigi","篆隷万象名義は現存する日本最古の漢字辞書である。","Tenrei bansho meigi is the oldest surviving Japanese dictionary of Chinese characters. "]
[2266,"京都府 ","栂尾山　高山寺","書物","夢記","ゆめのき","dream journal","彼は特に子犬を愛し、彼の夢記により、私たちは彼がしばしば子犬の夢を見ていたことを知ることができた。","He particularly adored puppies and, thanks to his dream journals, we know that he often dreamed about them."]
[2267,"京都府 ","栂尾山　高山寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","勅額","ちょくがく","decree","後鳥羽天皇(1180~1239年)は自らが記した勅額をもって土地をこの目的のために利用可能なものとした。","Emperor Go-Toba (1180–1239) made the land available for this purpose with a decree that he himself wrote."]
[2268,"京都府 ","栂尾山　高山寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","仏堂","ぶつどう","Buddha altar hall","第二部では寺院の書斎における作法、第三部では仏堂で何をすべきかを述べている。","The second section covers etiquette in the temple study hall, and the final section describes what to do in the Buddha altar hall."]
[2269,"京都府 ","栂尾山　高山寺","人物・人名・役職名","白光神","びゃっこうしん","Byakkoshin","白光神は、雪と山、特にヒマラヤに関連するインド起源の神である。","Byakkoshin is a deity of Indian origin associated with snow and mountains, particularly the Himalayas."]
[2270,"京都府 ","栂尾山　高山寺","人物・人名・役職名","善哉童子","ぜんざいどうじ","Zenzai-doji","善哉童子（サンスクリット語：Sudhana）は善知識の智慧を求めた菩薩であった。","Zenzai-doji (Sanskrit: Sudhana) was a bodhisattva who sought the wisdom of respected spiritual teachers."]
[2271,"京都府 ","栂尾山　高山寺","人物・人名・役職名","住職","じゅうしょく","head priest","高山寺の歴代住職もここに埋葬されている。","Successive head priests of Kosanji are also buried here."]
[2272,"京都府 ","栂尾山　高山寺","人物・人名・役職名","住吉明神","すみよしみょうじん","Sumiyoshi Myojin","実際、高山寺の石水院でも春日大明神・住吉明神の祭神が祀られた。","In fact, Kosanji Temple’s Sekisuiin once enshrined the Shinto deities Kasuga Daimyojin and Sumiyoshi Myojin."]
[2273,"京都府 ","栂尾山　高山寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","瞑想","めいそう","meditation","明恵の屋外での瞑想の場と修行については、約40年にわたって綴られた彼の夢記に記されている。","Myoe’s outdoor meditation spots and practices are mentioned in his dream journal, which he kept for about 40 years."]
[2274,"京都府 ","栂尾山　高山寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","経典","きょうてん","scriptures","収蔵庫宝物保管所は経典や巻物、各種の著作物など12,000点以上の文化財を収蔵している。","It houses over 12,000 artifacts including scriptures, scrolls, and various written works."]
[2275,"京都府 ","栂尾山　高山寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","禅僧","ぜんぞう","Zen Buddhist priest","中国を旅した後、禅僧の栄西(1141~1215年)は茶の種を日本に持ち帰った。","After traveling in China, Zen Buddhist priest Eisai (1141–1215) returned to Japan with tea seeds."]
[2276,"京都府 ","栂尾山　高山寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","仏足石","ぶっそくせき","bussokuseki","代わりとして、彼の存在は仏足石という彼の足跡がついた石板の形で伝えられることがよくあった","Instead, a sense of his presence was often conveyed in the form of bussokuseki—stone slabs bearing his footprints. "]
[2277,"京都府 ","栂尾山　高山寺","その他","精神性","せいしんせい","spirituality","その鍵となる聖フランシス(1182~1226年)と明恵(1173~1232年)は、個人としても彼らの精神性においても共通点が多いと考えられた。","The key figures, Saint Francis (1182–1226) and Myoe (1173–1232), were deemed to have much in common as individuals and in their spirituality."]
[2278,"京都府 ","栂尾山　高山寺","郷土景観","茶畑","ちゃばたけ","tea field","明恵は、栄西(1141~1215年)禅師が中国から日本に持ち帰った茶の種を使い、高山寺近くで茶畑を始めた。","He started a tea field near Kosanji using tea seeds that Zen master Eisai (1141–1215) had brought back to Japan from China."]
[2279,"京都府 ","栂尾山　高山寺","人物・人名・役職名","御用絵師","ごようえし","official painter","1907年、彼は明治天皇(1852~1912年)の御用絵師に任命された。","In 1907, he was appointed the official painter to Emperor Meiji (1852–1912)."]
[2280,"京都府 ","西芳寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","西芳寺","さいほうじ","Saihoji\n","西芳寺は、約1300年前に天皇の命令により建築された49の寺院のうちの一つで、自然災害ののちに修復不可能な状態になった。","Between the eighth century, when it was first built, and the fourteenth century, Saihoji suffered from natural disasters and fell into disrepair."]
[2281,"京都府 ","西芳寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","西来堂","さいらいどう","Sairaido","本堂（西来堂）は西芳寺の伽藍の中にある建物であり、かつて庭園の中に建てられていたが応仁の乱によって焼けてしまった礼拝堂を再建したものである。","The Main Hall (Sairaido) is a reconstruction of a hall that once stood within the temple’s gardens but was destroyed during the Onin War (1467–1477). "]
[2282,"京都府 ","西芳寺","植物","枝垂れ桜","しだれざくら","weeping cherry tree","本堂前の枝垂れ桜が満開になると、辺りはいっそう華やかな雰囲気になる。","When the weeping cherry trees in front of the main hall are in full bloom, the surrounding area becomes even more beautiful."]
[2283,"京都府 ","西芳寺","動物","鶯","うぐいす","uguisu","そうして冬をやり過ごした苔は、気温が上がり始めるとようやく止めていた生長を再開し、鶯が囀り始める頃、新しい季節を迎えます。","Over the winter, as the temperatures rise, the moss begins to grow again, and the lunar new year arrives as Japanese bush warblers (uguisu) herald the spring."]
[2284,"京都府 ","西芳寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","苔寺","こけでら","Kokedera","現在は庭園全体を120種以上の苔が覆っていることから「苔寺」としても親しまれている。","Now known as Kokedera (“moss temple”), the gardens at Saihoji are covered with more than 120 kinds of moss."]
[2285,"京都府 ","西芳寺","庭園・公園","枯山水式庭園","かれさんすいしきていえん","rock garden","下段は黄金池を中心にした池泉回遊式庭園、上段は枯山水式庭園、になっている。","The lower level features a garden centered on the spring-fed Golden Pond, while the upper level features a traditional rock garden."]
[2286,"京都府 ","西芳寺","湖沼","黄金池","おうごんち","Ogonchi","下段の庭の池は黄金池という名で呼ばれている。","The pond at the center of the lower garden is known as Golden Pond (Ogonchi)."]
[2287,"京都府 ","西芳寺","湖沼","心字池","しんじいけ","shinji-ike","一般的には「心字池」とも呼ばれているが、これはこの池が4つのセクションに分かれていて、漢字の「心」のようなかたちに見えるからである。","It is also commonly referred to as a “heart character pond” (shinji-ike) owing to the likeness of its four sections taken together to the shape of the Japanese character for “heart” (shin)."]
[2288,"京都府 ","西芳寺","山岳","蓬莱山","ほうらいさん","Mt. Horai","これらの船の最終目的地は蓬莱山であり、そこには素晴らしい宝物や不老不死の妙薬があるとされている。","The final destination of these vessels is held to be Mt. Horai, a legendary place where great treasure and the elixir of life can be found."]
[2289,"京都府 ","西芳寺","建造物等","湘南亭","しょうなんてい","Shonantei","下段の庭の中にあるL字型をした建物は湘南亭である。これは築400年以上の茶室であり、重要文化財に指定されている。","The Shonantei tea house is the L-shaped building in the lower garden, built more than 400 years ago."]
[2290,"京都府 ","西芳寺","芸能・興行・イベント","茶の湯","ちゃのゆ","way of tea","この茶室は、日本における茶の湯の普及に大きな功績を果たした茶人の千利休（1522〜1591年）の養子である千少庵によって建てられた。","Shonantei was built by tea ceremony master Sen no Shoan (1546–1614), adopted son of Sen no Rikyu (1522–1591), one of the greatest masters of the “way of tea” (chado or chanoyu)."]
[2291,"京都府 ","西芳寺","建造物等","月見台","つきみだい","tsukimidai","茶室としては珍しい形のほかにも、独創的な「月見台」があることも湘南亭の特徴である。この月見台は月とは逆の方向を向いているのである。","In addition to its shape, which is ingenious for a tea house, Shonantei features a wonderfully quirky “moon-viewing veranda” (tsukimidai), which faces in the opposite direction of the moon."]
[2292,"京都府 ","西芳寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","指東庵","しとうあん","Shitoan Hall","上段の庭の最上部には指東庵がある。","Shitoan Hall, built in the late nineteenth century, stands at the highest point of the upper garden."]
[2293,"京都府 ","西芳寺","人物・人名・役職名","行基","ぎょうき","Gyoki","行基（668〜749年）は高名な仏僧であり、約1300年前に聖武天皇（701〜756年）の勅命を受けて建てられた49の寺院のうちのひとつとして西芳寺を創建した。西芳寺は法相宗の寺院である。","Gyoki (668–749) was a revered Buddhist priest who founded Saihoji Temple almost 1,300 years ago as one of the 49 monasteries built in accordance with the imperial edict of Emperor Shomu (701–756). "]
[2294,"京都府 ","西芳寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","菩薩","ぼさつ","bosatsu","ある記録によると、行基のもとには数千人の信者が集まり、その人気の高さから親しみを込めて「行基菩薩」と呼ばれるようになった。","According to one historical account, he attracted thousands of followers and he became known as “Gyoki Bosatsu,” a reference to bodhisattvas (bosatsu)."]
[2295,"京都府 ","西芳寺","建造物等","少庵堂","しょうあんどう","Shoando","少庵堂は下段の庭の道を歩いていくと最初に出会う茶室であり、1920年に建てられた。","Shoando, the first tea house along the path through the lower garden, was built in 1920."]
[2296,"京都府 ","西芳寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","観音堂","かんのんどう","Kannondo","庭園の西側に立っているのが観音堂である。","The Kannondo Hall is located at the western edge of the gardens."]
[2297,"京都府 ","西芳寺","建造物等","潭北亭","たんほくてい","Tanhokutei","茶室の潭北亭は、海外も含めて幅広く陶芸の研究を行った有名な陶芸家の2代目真清水蔵六（1861〜1936年）によって西芳寺に寄贈された。","The Tanhokutei Tea House was donated to Saihoji by celebrated ceramicist Mashimizu Zoroku II (1861–1936), who traveled the world honing his craft."]
[2298,"京都府 ","西芳寺","書物","碧巌録","へきがんろく","Blue Cliff Record","建設の年代は異なるものの、潭北亭と湘南亭のどちらも12世紀の中国の禅書『碧巌録』からその名がつけられている。","Despite being created many years apart, both were inspired by verses in the Blue Cliff Record, a classic of Zen (Chan) Buddhism written in China in the twelfth century."]
[2299,"京都府 ","西芳寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","須弥山","しゅみせん","Mt. Sumeru","指東庵のすぐ下に、須弥山をかたどった石組みがある。須弥山は5つの頂上を持つ仏教の山であり、古代インドの神話ではスメール山などと呼ばれている。","Just below the Shitoan Hall is a group of rocks representing Mt. Sumeru (Jp. Shumisen), the sacred five-peaked mountain of ancient Indian mythology. "]
[2300,"京都府 ","西芳寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","座禅石","ざぜんせき","zazen-seki","指東庵から西にさらに少し進むと、岩で囲まれた小さなエリアがある。これは座禅石と呼ばれている。","A little further along the path to the west of Shitoan can be found a small enclosure of rocks known as the Seat of Meditation (zazen-seki)."]
[2301,"京都府 ","西芳寺","建造物等","蹲","つくばい","tsukubai","これは、茶室への入り口に設置される蹲の原型であるとされている。","The rock arrangement is believed to be the prototype for the tsukubai stone wash basins that are traditionally placed at the entrances to tea houses or tea rooms. "]
[2302,"京都府 ","西芳寺","動物","龍","りゅう","Ryu","滝のいちばん上まで登っていった鯉は龍（龍神）になると言われており、不可能と思われることに挑戦することのメタファーとして解釈されている。","The story goes that if this fish succeeds in reaching the top of the waterfall, it will turn into Ryu, the dragon god."]
[2303,"京都府 ","西芳寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","鎮守堂","ちんじゅどう","Chinjudo","鎮守堂は黄金池の2つの大きな島のうちのひとつである夕日ヶ島にある小さな神社である。","The Chinjudo is a small shrine on Yuhigashima, one of the two larger islands on Golden Pond."]
[2304,"京都府 ","西芳寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","写経","しゃきょう","shakyo","西芳寺では、来訪者が庭園を訪れる前に、写経と呼ばれる仏教の儀式を体験するユニークな機会を提供している。","Saihoji offers visitors the opportunity to experience Buddhist rituals before entering the gardens, most frequently through the copying of Buddhist sutras, a practice known as shakyo."]
[2305,"京都府 ","西芳寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","御朱印","ごしゅいん","goshuin","しかしかつては、巡礼者たちは納経帳と呼ばれる冊子を携えており、写経を行った者だけが御朱印を押すことができた。","A goshuin, or “temple stamp,” is said to have originally been a kind of certification given to pilgrims who had undertaken sutra copying (shakyo). "]
[2306,"京都府 ","西芳寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","お守り","おまもり","omamori","小さなお守りは持ち物に直接取り付け持ち歩くことができるものです。","The smaller omamori can be attached to your belongings and carried with you for good luck."]
[2307,"京都府 ","西芳寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","お札","おふだ","ofuda","お札は家に置くことができるものです。","An ofuda is often placed in the home to bring good luck and safety to the household."]
[2308,"京都府 ","西芳寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","影向石","えいごうせき","Eiko-seki","下段の庭で目立つ岩は影向石である。この石が重要であることは、注連縄がかけられていることからもわかる。","In the lower garden stands a rock known as the Eiko-seki, the importance of which is indicated by a sacred straw rope (shimenawa) with paper tassels wrapped around the stone. "]
[2309,"京都府 ","西芳寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","注連縄","しめなわ","shimenawa","日本古来の宗教である神道では、ある物が神聖であることを示すために注連縄をかける。"," In Shinto, shimenawa are usually tied around objects to indicate their sanctity, as is the case for the Eiko Stone. "]
[2310,"京都府 ","西芳寺","建造物等","襖","ふすま","fusuma","本堂の襖や屏風には有名な画家である堂本印象（1891〜1975年）の手によって壁画が描かれている。","The sliding doors (fusuma) and partitions of the Main Hall are adorned with paintings by the renowned artist Insho Domoto (1891–1975), who created the works to coincide with the hall’s opening in 1969."]
[2311,"京都府 ","慈照寺（銀閣寺）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","観音殿","かんおんでん","Kannonden","観音殿(「観音殿」)は一般に銀閣として知られている建物です。","The Kannonden (literally “Kannon Hall”) is the structure many think of as Ginkaku, the Silver Pavilion."]
[2312,"京都府 ","慈照寺（銀閣寺）","その他","影響","えいきょう","influence","東求堂の中にある四つの部屋の中の一つである同仁斎は、日本建築に影響を与えた事から、重要なものとされています。","One of the four rooms inside the Tōgudō, the Dōjinsai, is important for its influence on Japanese architecture."]
[2313,"京都府 ","慈照寺（銀閣寺）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","僧侶の居住","そうりょのきょじゅう","abbot's quarters","この建物の作りは、禅宗の寺でよくみられる僧侶の居住建物の配置：大きな長方形の部屋を襖で6つの小さな部屋に分けたものになっています。","The building follows the typical layout of an abbot’s quarters in a Zen temple: a large rectangle divided into six smaller rooms by sliding panels."]
[2314,"京都府 ","慈照寺（銀閣寺）","自然現象","砂紋","さもん","samon","日本の伝統的な砂や砂利をならす技法が用いられ、波を模した模様（砂紋）が描かれています。","The traditional Japanese method of raking sand and gravel in patterns (samon) is employed to imitate waves."]
[2315,"京都府 ","慈照寺（銀閣寺）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","悟り","さとり","enlightenment","月は仏教において悟りの象徴でもあります。","The moon is a symbol of enlightenment in Buddhism."]
[2316,"京都府 ","慈照寺（銀閣寺）","その他","暗殺されました","あんさつされました","assasinated","義政が5歳の時に足利幕府6代目将軍の父が暗殺されました。","When Yoshimasa was five years old, his father was assassinated."]
[2317,"京都府 ","慈照寺（銀閣寺）","その他","わびさび","わびさび","wabi-sabi","禅宗の価値観とわびさび（素朴で不完全なもの、そして時がもたらす変化を愛でること）が融合したものです。","It was a merging of the values of Zen Buddhism and the concept of wabi-sabi (an appreciation of simplicity, imperfection, and the effects of time)."]
[2318,"京都府 ","慈照寺（銀閣寺）","建造物等","つくばい","つくばい","tsukubai","このお茶の井は、つくばいの原型と言われています。つくばいとは通常お茶室の近くにある周りに石を配した、石でできた鉢のことを指し、客が手や口を濯ぎ清めるためにあります。","It is believed to be an early form of tsukubai, a stone wash basin with stones arranged around it, often found near a teahouse for guests to purify themselves by rinsing their hands and mouths."]
[2319,"京都府 ","慈照寺（銀閣寺）","その他","周りに","まわりに","environs","池の周りには滝や、石橋、そして鶴と亀（二つとも幸運の象徴とされている）に見立てた小さな島があります。","The pond’s environs include waterfalls, stone bridges, and small islands that represent a crane and a turtle (both symbols of good fortune)."]
[2320,"京都府 ","慈照寺（銀閣寺）","自然現象","地滑り","じすべり","landslide","水の流れは地滑りの影響により、僅かに変わったと考えられています。","The flow of the water is believed to have shifted slightly over time due to a landslide."]
[2321,"京都府 ","慈照寺（銀閣寺）","工芸・美術品","香","こう","incense","日本で香は、何世紀にもわたって清めの儀式やリラックス、娯楽などに使われてきました。","Incense has been used in Japan for centuries in purification ceremonies and for relaxation and recreation."]
[2322,"京都府 ","慈照寺（銀閣寺）","その他","融合","ゆうごう","syncretic","八幡とは神道と仏教の要素が融合した、神仏習合の神格です。","Hachiman is a syncretic divinity, incorporating elements of both Shinto and Buddhism."]
[2323,"京都府 ","慈照寺（銀閣寺）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","お経","おきょう","sutra","毎日、僧侶が神社の前でお経を読みます。","Each day, a monk reads sutras in front of the shrine."]
[2324,"京都府 ","慈照寺（銀閣寺）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","境内","けいだい","precincts","この展望台からは、境内全てを見渡すことができ、その向こうには西の方角に山々を望むことができます。","From here, the entire temple precincts can be seen against a backdrop of mountains to the west."]
[2325,"京都府 ","慈照寺（銀閣寺）","建造物等","ふすま","ふすま","fusuma","堂にある襖と呼ばれる、スライド式の引き戸の多くには、15世紀の東山文化を象徴する絵画が施されています。","Many of the sliding panels (fusuma) in the Hondō feature decorative paintings in the style of fifteenth-century Higashiyama culture."]
[2326,"京都府 ","慈照寺（銀閣寺）","建造物等","再建","さいけん","restore","伝統的な材料と技法を用いた再建や修復作業は、1615年に初めて行われ、そしてもう少し最近になってからも行われました。","Restoration and repair using traditional materials and techniques was performed first in 1615 and then again in more recent times."]
[2327,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","博物館・美術館","京都国立博物館","きょうとこくりつはくぶつかん","Kyoto National Museum","日本が文明開花を経験したころ、1897年に京都国立博物館が開館されました。","When the Kyoto National Museum first opened its doors in 1897, Japan had just experienced a cultural revolution."]
[2328,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","社会","廃仏毀釈","はいぶつきしゃく","anti-Buddhist movement","京都および全国の多くの寺院は、1868年の明治維新後の社会の再編により経済的支援の基盤を失い、明治初期に激化した廃仏毀釈から大きな打撃を受けました。","Many temples in Kyoto and around the country lost their basis of economic support due to the restructuring of society after the Meiji Restoration in 1868, and then suffered a severe blow from the anti-Buddhist movement that raged early in the Meiji era."]
[2329,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","社会","明治維新","めいじいしん","Meiji Restoration","京都および全国の多くの寺院は、1868年の明治維新後の社会の再編により経済的支援の基盤を失い、明治初期に激化した廃仏毀釈から大きな打撃を受けました。","Many temples in Kyoto and around the country lost their basis of economic support due to the restructuring of society after the Meiji Restoration in 1868, and then suffered a severe blow from the anti-Buddhist movement that raged early in the Meiji era."]
[2330,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","社会","文明開化","ぶんめいかいか","cultural revolution","日本が文明開花を経験したころ、1897年に京都国立博物館が開館されました。","When the Kyoto National Museum first opened its doors in 1897, Japan had just experienced a cultural revolution."]
[2331,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","植物","縄文時代","じょうもんじだい","Jomon period","このコレクションには、先史時代の縄文時代から江戸時代後期（1603〜1868）以降の作品が含まれています。","The collection contains works ranging from the prehistoric Jomon period to the late Edo period (1603–1868) and beyond."]
[2332,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","その他","一期一会","いちごいちえ","ichigo ichie","この素晴らしいセレンディピティの約束は、「一生に一度」という意味の日本語の一期一会とも関係があるかもしれません"," This promise of splendid serendipity might even be related to the Japanese term ichigo ichie, meaning “once in a lifetime.”"]
[2333,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","人物・人名・役職名","千利休","せんのりきゅう","Sen no Rikyu","この言葉は、お茶の達人千利休（1522年〜1591年）にまでさかのぼることができ、人生のどの瞬間も繰り返せず、すべての集まりが特異で貴重であることを強調しています。","The phrase, which can be traced back to the tea master Sen no Rikyu (1522–1591), stresses that no moment in life can be repeated, and that every gathering is singular and precious."]
[2334,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","博物館・美術館","明治古都館","めいじことかん","Meiji Kotokan","明治古都館の特徴的な赤レンガの外観は、かつては帝国京都博物館として知られていた当時の博物館の本館でしたが、過ぎ去った時代を堂々と思い出させます。","The distinctive redbrick façade of the Meiji Kotokan, formerly the main hall of the museum when it was still known as the Imperial Museum of Kyoto, is a stately reminder of a bygone era."]
[2335,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","人物・人名・役職名","片山東熊","かたやまとくま","Katayama Tokuma","この建物は、英国の建築家ジョサイア・コンダー（1852〜1920）の主要な作品であり、西洋建築を日本に紹介した片山東熊（1854〜1917）によって設計されました。","The building was designed by Katayama Tokuma (1854–1917), a leading student of British architect Josiah Conder (1852–1920) who helped introduce Western architecture to Japan."]
[2336,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","博物館・美術館","平成知新館","へいせいちしんかん","Heisei Chishinkan","平成知新館は、2014年9月に開館しました。","The Heisei Chishinkan (“Hall of Discovering the New”) collections hall was opened in September of 2014."]
[2337,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","三十三間堂","さんじゅうさんげんどう","Sanjusangendo Temple","南門は、現在の美術館の南門を直進し、三十三間堂の大南門まで続く南北軸によって二分されています。","The former South Gate of Hojoki is bisected by a north-south axis that runs straight through the current South Gate of the museum and on to the Great South Gate of Sanjusangendo Temple."]
[2338,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","方広寺","ほうこうじ","Hokoji Temple","庭園には、小さな石の仏塔（仏塔）と、方広寺の石壁の1つの背後から発掘された仏教の神々も含まれています。","The garden also contains a small stone stupa (pagoda) and Buddhist deities excavated from an area behind one of the stone walls of the Hokoji Temple."]
[2339,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","人物・人名・役職名","源義経","みなもとのよしつね","Minamoto no Yoshitsune","伝説によると、彼らは有名な戦士の源義経（1159–1189）の2人の家臣の墓であるともいわれました。","According to legend, they marked the graves of two retainers of the famous warrior Minamoto no Yoshitsune (1159–1189)."]
[2340,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","人物・人名・役職名","豊臣秀吉","とよとみひでよし","Toyotomi Hideyoshi","これらは、1588–1589年に豊臣秀吉（1537–1598）によって再建された五条大橋から来ています。","These come from the Great Gojo Bridge rebuilt by Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1537–1598) in 1588–1589."]
[2341,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","工芸・美術品","阿弥陀三尊像","あみださんそんぞう","triad of Amida","その中には、12世紀の大日、宇宙の仏像があります。また、同じく12世紀の無限光の仏、阿弥陀三尊蔵。","A triad of Amida, the Buddha of Infinite Light, along with two attendants that is also from the twelfth century"]
[2342,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","建造物等","堪庵","たんあん","Tan’an","堪庵は、江戸時代初期（1603〜1868年）に京都の貴族が好んだ数寄屋造りの大きな建物の一部である伝統的な茶室です。","Tan’an is a traditional Japanese tearoom (chashitsu) that is part of a larger structure built in the sukiya-zukuri (attached tearoom) style favored by the Kyoto aristocracy during the early Edo period (1603–1868). "]
[2343,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","建造物等","茶室","ちゃしつ","Japanese tearoom (chashitsu)","堪庵は、江戸時代初期（1603〜1868年）に京都の貴族が好んだ数寄屋造りの大きな建物の一部である伝統的な茶室です。","Tan’an is a traditional Japanese tearoom (chashitsu) that is part of a larger structure built in the sukiya-zukuri (attached tearoom) style favored by the Kyoto aristocracy during the early Edo period (1603–1868). "]
[2344,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","建造物等","数寄屋造り","すきやづくり","sukiya-zukuri (attached tearoom)","堪庵は、江戸時代初期（1603〜1868年）に京都の貴族が好んだ数寄屋造りの大きな建物の一部である伝統的な茶室です。","Tan’an is a traditional Japanese tearoom (chashitsu) that is part of a larger structure built in the sukiya-zukuri (attached tearoom) style favored by the Kyoto aristocracy during the early Edo period (1603–1868). "]
[2345,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","建造物等","書院座敷","しょいんざしき"," shoin-zashiki ","堪庵の中心部は、畳、障子、ドア、南側全体に広がる広々としたベランダ、装飾的な床の間を備えた、書院座敷スタイルの8畳の応接室です。","The central area of Tan’an is an eight-mat reception room based on the shoin-zashiki style, with tatami mats, sliding paper screens and doors, a spacious veranda that extends along the entire length of the south side, and a decorative alcove (tokonoma). "]
[2346,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","建造物等","庭玉軒","ていぎょくけん","Teigyokuken","茶師の金森宗和（1584–1656）に好まれた、大徳寺真珠庵「庭玉軒」をモデルにしたと考えられています。"," It is thought to have been modeled on Teigyokuken, a famous tearoom at the Shinjuan subtemple of Daitokuji Temple that was favored by tea master Kanamori Sowa (1584–1656). "]
[2347,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","建造物等","水屋","みずや"," mizuya","当時は、茅葺き屋根が銅板に置き換えられ、水屋の裏側の庭と部屋も改装されました。","At that time, the roof of thatched straw and bark shingles was replaced with sheet copper, and the garden and the room behind the mizuya were renovated as well. "]
[2348,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","人物・人名・役職名","後白河天皇","ごしらかわてんのう","Retired Emperor Goshirakawa","鴨川と東山の東の丘の間の七条エリアは、平安時代後期、後白河天皇（1127–1192）が法住寺を建てたときに繁栄しました。","The Shichijo area between the Kamo River and the eastern hills of Higashiyama flourished during the late Heian period when Retired Emperor Goshirakawa (1127–1192) built his extensive Hojuji temple-palace complex there."]
[2349,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","法住寺","ほうじゅうじ","Hojuji ","鴨川と東山の東の丘の間の七条エリアは、平安時代後期、後白河天皇（1127–1192）が法住寺を建てたときに繁栄しました。","The Shichijo area between the Kamo River and the eastern hills of Higashiyama flourished during the late Heian period when Retired Emperor Goshirakawa (1127–1192) built his extensive Hojuji temple-palace complex there."]
[2350,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","妙法院","みょうほういん","Myohoin ","後白河上皇と武将の平清盛（1118–1181）も、妙法院や蓮華王院などの地域の寺院のネットワークを構築しました。","Retired Emperor Goshirakawa and warlord Taira no Kiyomori (1118–1181) also built a network of temples in the area, including Myohoin and Rengeoin."]
[2351,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","蓮華王院","れんげおういん","Rengeoin","後白河上皇と武将の平清盛（1118–1181）も、妙法院や蓮華王院などの地域の寺院のネットワークを構築しました。","Retired Emperor Goshirakawa and warlord Taira no Kiyomori (1118–1181) also built a network of temples in the area, including Myohoin and Rengeoin."]
[2352,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","書物","源氏物語","げんじものがたり","The Tale of Genji","日本最大の文学古典 『源氏物語』に書かれたように、土地の名士は、東部の丘に沿って、特に鳥辺野と呼ばれる場所で死者を火葬されるのがこのまれるようになりました。","As mentioned in the literary classic, The Tale of Genji, the city’s elite liked to cremate their dead along the “eastern hills” (Higashiyama), particularly in a place called Toribeno. "]
[2353,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","その他","東海道","とうかいどう","Tokaido road","また、都と東方を結ぶ東海道へのアクセスも簡単でした。","The area also had easy access to the Tokaido road, which connected the capital to the eastern provinces."]
[2354,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","人物・人名・役職名","平清盛","たいらのきよもり","Taira no Kiyomori ","後白河上皇（1127〜1192年）が1164年に、武家貴族の平清盛（1118〜1181年）からの巨額の資金提供を受けて建設させたものである。","Substantial funding for the project was provided by warlord Taira no Kiyomori (1118–1181), who had become a powerful figure in the court. "]
[2355,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","人物・人名・役職名","法皇","ほうおう","hōo","法華経に書かれている「蓮華王」という言葉を根拠とするこの名前は、後白河が日本の政治的な言説を超越して、法皇、もしくは転輪聖王（「普遍的な君主」を意味する古代インドの概念）になったことを示唆している。","Many temples hosted rituals that sanctified the former sovereign’s rule and perpetually confirmed his new, transcendent status as Dharma Sovereign (hōo). "]
[2356,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","人物・人名・役職名","観音菩薩","かんのんぼおさつ","bodhisattva Kannon","33という数字は、すべてを見通し、すべてに対して慈悲を示す菩薩である観音菩薩が33の異なる姿になって人々を救済へと導くことができる、という信仰に由来している。","The number 33 derives from a belief that the all-seeing, all-compassionate bodhisattva Kannon (Avalokiteshvara in Sanskrit), can assume 33 different forms to assist sentient beings and guide them to salvation."]
[2357,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","伽藍","がらん","complex of temples","16世紀末、武将の豊臣秀吉（1537〜1598年）が、東山エリアに新たに建設していた広大な寺院の伽藍の中に三十三間堂を組み込むことを決定した。","In the late sixteenth century, the warlord Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1537–1598) incorporated Sanjūsangendō into a large complex of temples he was creating in the Higashiyama area."]
[2358,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","建造物等","鬼瓦","おにがわら","demon tiles","大棟には大きな「鬼瓦」が飾られているが、これは悪霊を退散させるためのものである。","Main ridges are decorated with large “demon tiles” that serve to frighten away malevolent spirits. "]
[2359,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大乗仏教","だいじょうぶっきょう","Mahayana Buddhism","観音は大乗仏教の重要な存在であり、衆生を救済へと導こうとするその決意の強さから、広く崇敬されている。","Kannon is a key figure in Mahayana Buddhism, revered for an unflagging determination to assist sentient beings and guide them toward salvation."]
[2360,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","末法の世","まっぽうのよ","period of inevitable decline (mappō)","その当時、人々は世界と仏法が避けることのできない衰退（末法の世）に入ったと信じていた。","The worship of Kannon became extremely popular in Japan from around the eleventh century––a time when people were convinced that the world and the Buddhist law had entered a period of inevitable decline (mappō)."]
[2361,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","人物・人名・役職名","湛慶","たんけい","Tankei","三十三間堂の本尊の観音像は1255年頃に高名な仏師・湛慶（1173〜1256年）の指示のもとでつくられた。","The seated statue of Kannon that is the principal image of worship was completed around 1255 under the direction of the revered Kei sculptor Tankei (1173–1256). "]
[2362,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","人物・人名・役職名","風神","ふうじん","Wind God (Fūjin)","前列の右端にあり、寺の中に入った訪問者が最初に目にするのが、風神である。","The statue nearest the entrance is the Wind God (Fūjin), who kneels on a cloudy pedestal with a bloated wind bag slung weightlessly over his shoulders."]
[2363,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","人物・人名・役職名","雷神","らいじん","Thunder God (Raijin)","同じことが雷神についても言える。雷神像は前列の一番右の端に立っている。","The same can be said of the Thunder God (Raijin), whose statue is ensconced on the far end of the front row. "]
[2364,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","人物・人名・役職名","密迹金剛","みっしゃくこんごう","Missha Kongo","肉体的に最も力強く見えるのは、雷神と風神の隣に立つ2人、左の密迹金剛と右の那羅延堅固である。","The two most physically imposing are those located immediately adjacent to the Thunder God and Wind God: Missha Kongo on the left and Naraen Kengo on the right. "]
[2365,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","人物・人名・役職名","那羅延堅固","ならえんこんご","Naraen Kengo","肉体的に最も力強く見えるのは、雷神と風神の隣に立つ2人、左の密迹金剛と右の那羅延堅固である。","The two most physically imposing are those located immediately adjacent to the Thunder God and Wind God: Missha Kongo on the left and Naraen Kengo on the right. "]
[2366,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","金剛力士","こんごうりきし","Kongō Rikishi","金剛力士」としても知られるこれら2人の神は、寺院の門を守る守護神として、東アジア全体に多く見られる。","Also known as Kongō Rikishi (or Niō), the pair frequently guard the gates of temples throughout East Asia. "]
[2367,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","芸能・興行・イベント","通し矢","とおしや","Tōshiya","同じ日に、三十三間堂の最も有名かつ美しく絵になるイベントも行われる。それが弓道大会（通し矢）である。","Sanjūsangendō’s annual archery contest (Tōshiya), its most famous and colorful event, is held later that same day. "]
[2368,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","その他","袴","はかま","hakama trousers","最高級の着物や袴に身を包んだ出場者が日本全国から集まり、三十三間堂の長い縁側で弓矢の腕を競い合う。","Dressed in their finest kimono and hakama trousers, contestants from across the country come to test their archery skills in the shadow of Sanjūsangendō’s long veranda."]
[2369,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","門跡","もんぜき","monzek","そのあたりの頃から、妙法院は「門跡」の寺院として非常に特別な地位を占めるようになっていた。門跡とは、皇族出身者が住職を務める寺のことである。","Since about that time, Myōhōin has enjoyed the special status of being a “monzeki” temple, which means its abbots were princes of imperial blood. "]
[2370,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","庫裏","くり"," Kuri ","庫裏は国宝に指定されており、大書院は重要文化財である。","The Kuri is designated a National Treasure while the Ōshoin is an Important Cultural Property."]
[2371,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","人物・人名・役職名","徳川家康","とくがわいえやす","Tokugawa Ieyasu","徳川幕府の創設者である徳川家康（1543〜1616年）は、婚姻を通じて自らの家を皇室と結びつけることを生涯の夢としていた。","The founder of the Tokugawa shogunate, Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543–1616), aspired to bind his family to the imperial family through marriage."]
[2372,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","組織・団体","徳川幕府","とくがわばくふ","Tokugawa shogunate","徳川幕府の創設者である徳川家康（1543〜1616年）は、婚姻を通じて自らの家を皇室と結びつけることを生涯の夢としていた。","The founder of the Tokugawa shogunate, Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543–1616), aspired to bind his family to the imperial family through marriage."]
[2373,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大書院","おおしょいん","Ōshoin","そのうちのひとつが、新しい宮殿の建設であり、この建物はのちに妙法院の中に移築され、大書院と呼ばれるようになる。","One of those was the creation of the palace that was later moved to Myōhōin and renamed the Ōshoin."]
[2374,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","工芸・美術品","障壁画","しょうへきが","shohekiga","桃山時代（1568-1615）の慶長（1596-1615）に狩野派の画家によって作成された、玄関の入り口と寺院内の大書院の部屋を飾る塗装されたの障壁画は、重要文化財に指定されています。","The painted, sliding door panels (shohekiga) that adorn the Genkan entrance and the rooms of the Daishoin at Myōhōin are considered representative works of the Kano school and are designated Important Cultural Properties."]
[2375,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","工芸・美術品","狩野派","かのは","Kano school ","桃山時代（1568-1615）の慶長（1596-1615）に狩野派の画家によって作成された、玄関の入り口と寺院内の大書院の部屋を飾る塗装されたの障壁画は、重要文化財に指定されています。","The painted, sliding door panels (shohekiga) that adorn the Genkan entrance and the rooms of the Daishoin at Myōhōin are considered representative works of the Kano school and are designated Important Cultural Properties."]
[2376,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","工芸・美術品","衝立","ついたて","tsuitate","玄関に置かれている間仕切りの絵（衝立）は、中国の子どもたちが遊んでいる様子を描いたものでもあり、桃山時代に狩野派の画家によって制作されたと考えられています。","The paintings on room dividers (tsuitate) placed in the Genkan that picture Chinese children at play are also thought to have been produced by Kano school painters during the Momoyama period (1568–1615).  "]
[2377,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","人物・人名・役職名","不動明王","ふどうみょうおう","Fudō Myō-ō","その中でも最も重要なものが、本尊である不動明王である。不動明王は、恐ろしげな外見をしているが、それとは対照的に無限の慈悲の持ち主である。","The most important of these is the principal icon of Fudō Myō-ō, a deity whose fierce appearance stands in stark contrast to his limitless compassion. "]
[2378,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","人物・人名・役職名","運慶","うんけい","Unkei","また、後白河法皇の墓にある像は高名な工芸家である運慶（1150〜1223年）によって彫られたものであると言われている。","Inside is a statue of Retired Emperor Goshirakawa that is thought to have been carved by the revered craftsman Unkei (1150–1223). "]
[2379,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","人物・人名・役職名","親鸞","しんらん","Shinran","親鸞（1173〜1263年）は日本の宗教史において最も尊敬を集めている人物の一人である。","This statue of Shinran (1173–1263), one of the most respected figures in Japanese religious history, is said to have been carved by the subject himself and has a compelling backstory."]
[2380,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","六角堂","ろっかくどう","Rokkakudō","親鸞がまだ若い修行僧だった頃のことだが、強力な信仰心に突き動かされ、100日間にわたって、毎晩ひそかに外に出て、街を横切り、六角堂にお詣りをしていた。","Shinran was a young monk in training, out of a powerful sense of devotion, he ventured out every night for one hundred nights to pay his respects across town at the temple of Rokkakudō."]
[2381,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","人物・人名・役職名","浪人","ろうにん","rōnin","18世紀の中頃に起こった47人の浪人（赤穂浪士）の復讐劇は、広く知られている歴史的な出来事である。","The revenge of the 47 rōnin (masterless samurai), also known as the Akō incident, is a widely celebrated historical event that took place in the mid-eighteenth century."]
[2382,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","人物・人名・役職名","赤穂浪士","あこうろうし","rōnin of Akō","赤穂浪士は忠誠心や自己犠牲、忍耐、名誉を体現する存在であると考えられている。","Forty-seven unique statues at Hōjūji pay tribute to the rōnin of Akō, who are considered the embodiment of loyalty, sacrifice, persistence, and honor. "]
[2383,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","護摩","ごま","goma","毎月28日には、通常は像の姿を見えづらくしている格子窓が大きく開け放たれ、人々は中央の部屋で行われる護摩の儀式の様子を見ることができる。","On the 28th day of every month, the lattice windows that usually obscure the statue are opened wide for a ritual goma fire ceremony in the central chamber. "]
[2384,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","養源院","ようげんいん","Yogen’in","養源院は16世紀末の日本の歴史において大きな役割を演じた人物たちと関わりがある。","Yogen’in is associated with several figures who played major roles in Japanese history in the late sixteenth century, a time when warlords vied for dominance."]
[2385,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","工芸・美術品","琳派","りんぱ","Rinpa school","琳派の創設者の一人である俵屋宗達（1570年頃〜1640年）による板絵などもそれに含まれる。この板絵には、象や神秘的な獣たちが描かれている。","These include panel paintings by Tawaraya Sotatsu (c. 1570–1640), co-founder of the Rinpa school, which feature fanciful elephants and mythical beasts."]
[2386,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","人物・人名・役職名","俵屋宗達","たわらやそうたつ"," Tawaraya Sotatsu","琳派の創設者の一人である俵屋宗達（1570年頃〜1640年）による板絵などもそれに含まれる。この板絵には、象や神秘的な獣たちが描かれている。","These include panel paintings by Tawaraya Sotatsu (c. 1570–1640), co-founder of the Rinpa school, which feature fanciful elephants and mythical beasts."]
[2387,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","城跡・城郭・宮殿","伏見城","ふしみじょう","Fushimi Castle","この天井には、侍の血がしみついた伏見城の床板が使われているのである。16世紀の侍たちによる覇権争いの中で起きたある重要な事件において、数百名の武士たちが包囲され、自害した。","It was built with floorboards from Fushimi Castle which were stained with the blood of hundreds of samurai who killed themselves during a decisive siege in the sixteenth century."]
[2388,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","建造物等","牡丹の間","ぼたんのま"," Peony Room","この寺の牡丹の間は、受付を通った先の左側にあるのだが、伏見城にあった部屋を移設したものである。","The temple’s Peony Room is located beyond the reception desk to the left and is a relocation of a room from Fushimi Castle. "]
[2389,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","建造物等","鶯張り","うぐいすばり"," nightingale floors (uguisubari) ","初期の鶯張りの床は、ただ単に床板が乾燥していたために音が鳴っただけなのかもしれないが、のちの鶯張りは、侵入者の存在を知らせるために意図的に設計されたものだと研究者は考えている。","The first nightingale floors (uguisubari) may have produced sounds merely as an accidental by-product of dry floorboards, but scholars believe that later versions were intentionally designed to squeak in order to warn against intruders. "]
[2390,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","書物","嵯峨本","さがぼん","Sagabon","1616年頃、宗達は書家であり工芸家でもあった本阿弥光悦（1558〜1637年）とともに嵯峨本の製作に取り組んだ。これは日本の古典文学のシリーズであり、その絢爛豪華な装丁は、平安時代の洗練された芸術を再び蘇らせることを目指していた。","Around 1616, Sotatsu worked with the calligrapher and craftsman Hon’ami Koetsu (1558–1637) on the Sagabon (Saga Books), a series of Japanese literary classics, the opulent design of which attempted to recapture Heian artistic refinement."]
[2391,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","工芸・美術品","風神雷神図屏風","ふうじんらいじんずびょうぶ","Wind and Thunder God Screens","有名な例は、宗達の国宝「風神雷神図屏風」である。この絵は、全面的に金箔を敷き詰めた広い空間に2人の神が描かれている。この作品は京都国立博物館に収蔵されている。","One famous example of Rinpa painting is Sotatsu’s Wind and Thunder God Screens, a National Treasure depicting two deities on a broad expanse of gold leaf, now housed in the Kyoto National Museum."]
[2392,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","工芸・美術品","襖","ふすま","fusuma","本堂で最も注目すべき作品は、12枚の襖に俵屋宗達（1570年頃〜1640年）が描いた絵画作品（襖絵）である。","The most striking feature of the Main Hall is a group of paintings on 12 sliding wall panels (fusuma) that were created by Tawaraya Sotatsu (c. 1570–1640). "]
[2393,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","動物","獅子","しし","shishi","狩野山楽（1559〜1635年）が描いた獅子図が仏壇と並んで飾られている。","The guardian lions (shishi) painted by Kano Sanraku (1559–1635) are displayed alongside the Buddhist altar."]
[2394,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","動物","麒麟","きりん","kirin","こちらには麒麟と呼ばれる、角を持った神話の生き物が描かれている。これもまた中国起源で、偉大な統治者の誕生または死を告げたり、幸運の予兆を示す生き物として知られている。","On the other side of the panels is another painting, depicting mythical horned creatures called kirin that also originate in China."]
[2395,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","人物・人名・役職名","狩野山楽","かのさんらく","Kano Sanraku","本堂の仏壇の両側には、狩野山楽（1559〜1635年）が描いた作品が飾られている。","On either side of the Buddhist altar in the Main Hall are works by painter Kano Sanraku (1559–1635). "]
[2396,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","社会","刀狩り","かたながり","disarmament","精力的な資金調達のキャンペーンが始まり、秀吉は全国的な武装解除（刀狩り）で集めた武器を鋳溶かして、仏像の建設のためのかすがいをつくることを誓った。","Hideyoshi began a vigorous fundraising campaign and a program of nationwide disarmament, seizing swords from the lower classes throughout the country."]
[2397,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大仏殿","だいぶつでん","Great Buddha Hall","しかし、秀吉の最も野心的なプロジェクトは、京都の東の端に新たに建設した方広寺における大仏殿の建立であった。","However, Hideyoshi’s most ambitious construction project by far was the construction of a Great Buddha Hall and a temple to house it on Kyoto’s eastern outskirts. "]
[2398,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","工芸・美術品","洛中洛外図屏風","らくちゅうらくがいずびょうぶ","Rakuchu-rakugai-zu folding screens","当時制作された京都の街の鳥瞰図に描かれている仏殿は（特に舟木本の洛中洛外図屏風）、京都の東の端を占拠している、巨大な建物として姿を見せている。","Depictions of the hall that appear in birds-eye illustrations of Kyoto produced at the time (particularly the Funaki version of the Rakuchu-rakugai-zu folding screens) show a massive edifice that dominated Kyoto’s eastern flank."]
[2399,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","カラヴィンカ","からゔぃんか","karyōbinga","明治時代に建てられた美しく保存された鐘楼の天井絵は、西方浄土にあると言われている仏教の世界の神秘的な存在であるカラヴィンカの絵が豪華に描かれています。","The ceiling panels of the beautifully preserved belfry are lavishly illustrated with images of karyōbinga, mystical beings in Buddhism with the head of a human and the body of a bird, and who are said to reside in the Western Pure Land. "]
[2400,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","新日吉神宮","いまひえじんぐう","Ima-Hie Jingū Shrine","現在の新日吉神宮は、東山地区の緩やかな斜面にある、京都女子大学の向かいの狭い平地にあるが、もとは広大な法住寺の敷地の北東の角（鬼門）にあった。","Ima-Hie Jingū Shrine is nestled on a narrow strip of level land set into a gently sloping hillside in the Higashiyama district."]
[2401,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","鬼門","きもん","kimon","もとは広大な法住寺の敷地の北東の角（鬼門）にあった。その目的は、宮殿や後白河上皇（1127-1192、在位1155-1158）のために建てられた仏教寺院を悪霊から守ることにあった。","The shrine’s location at Hōjūji was the northeastern corner (kimon), the “demon’s gate” from where malevolent spirits were thought to enter. "]
[2402,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","建造物等","流造り","ながれづくり","nagare-zukuri ","本殿は1835年に優雅な流造りの様式で作られた。これは縁側の前部にまで伸びる非対称の切妻屋根が特徴である。","The deities are now enshrined in the main sanctuary, which was built in 1835 in the nagare-zukuri style, distinguished by a gabled roof extending in a “flowing” curve much longer on one side than the other, with the longer side extending over the veranda in front. "]
[2403,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神輿","みこし","omikoshi","近代初期にかけて、何千人もの住人が年二回の神社の祭りに参加し、移動式の祭壇である神輿を担いで都の通りを行進していた。","Throughout the early modern period, thousands of residents participated in the shrine’s two annual festivals, parading Ima-Hie’s portable shrine (omikoshi) through the streets of the capital. "]
[2404,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","狛犬","こまいぬ","komainu","多くの寺院や神社が狛犬（守護獣である獅子犬）によって守られているのとは異なり、新日吉神社は狛猿と呼ばれる珍しい一対の猿に守られている。","Unlike most temples and shrines, which are guarded by komainu (guardian lion-dogs), Ima-Hie Jingū Shrine is watched over by an unusual pair. Two monkeys called komasaru sit on either side of the entrance to the main sanctuary."]
[2405,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","狛猿","こまさる","komasaru","多くの寺院や神社が狛犬（守護獣である獅子犬）によって守られているのとは異なり、新日吉神社は狛猿と呼ばれる珍しい一対の猿に守られている。","Unlike most temples and shrines, which are guarded by komainu (guardian lion-dogs), Ima-Hie Jingū Shrine is watched over by an unusual pair. Two monkeys called komasaru sit on either side of the entrance to the main sanctuary."]
[2406,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","樹下社","このもとじんじゃ","Konomoto Shrine","伝説によると、その神社で崇拝の対象となっていた御神体が密かに新日吉神社に運ばれ、樹下社にて崇拝されるようになったという。","Legend has it that the sacred object of worship from the original Toyokuni Shrine was secretly brought to Ima-Hie, where, in the mid-eighteenth century, it was installed in the Konomoto Shrine and hidden behind a nominal dedication to other gods."]
[2407,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","飛梅天満宮","とびうめてんまんぐう","Tobiume Tenmangu","新日吉神宮の境内社である飛梅天満宮は、梅の御霊と古代の学者である菅原道真（845-903）に捧げられている。","Tobiume Tenmangu, a subsidiary shrine within the grounds of Ima-Hie Jingū, is dedicated to the spirit of the Japanese plum (ume) and to the renowned scholar, poet, and politician Sugawara no Michizane (845–903). "]
[2408,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","人物・人名・役職名","菅原道真","すがわらのみちざね","Sugawara no Michizane","新日吉神宮の境内社である飛梅天満宮は、梅の御霊と古代の学者である菅原道真（845-903）に捧げられている。","Tobiume Tenmangu, a subsidiary shrine within the grounds of Ima-Hie Jingū, is dedicated to the spirit of the Japanese plum (ume) and to the renowned scholar, poet, and politician Sugawara no Michizane (845–903). "]
[2409,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","豊国神社","とよくにじんじゃ","Toyokuni Shrine","豊国神社には豊国大明神が祀られている。豊国大明神というのは豊臣秀吉（1537-1598）を死後に神格化した贈り名である。","The deity worshipped at Toyokuni Shrine is Toyokuni Daimyojin, the posthumous name of the deified Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1537–1598), who unified Japan and controlled the country during the last decades of the sixteenth century."]
[2410,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","豊国廟","ほうこくびょう","Hideyoshi’s Mausoleum (Hokoku byo) ","豊国神社は現在、京都国立博物館のすぐ北にあるが、本殿は最初、現在の豊国廟（秀吉の霊廟）の入り口がある山の中腹の太閤坦という平地にあった。","Although the shrine is now located just north of the Kyoto National Museum, the original site of the main sanctuary was at Taiko Daira, a level stretch of land on the hillside where the entrance to Hideyoshi’s Mausoleum (Hokoku byo) can now be found. "]
[2411,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","唐門","からもん","karamon","この精緻な装飾が施された唐門は、神社の神域の入り口に位置する。","The elaborately decorated karamon (gate) stands at the entrance to the sacred precincts of the shrine."]
[2412,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","社会","安土桃山時代","あづちももやま","Azuchi-Momoyama period","唐門は、安土桃山時代（1568-1600）の代表的な芸術として、日本政府により国宝に指定されている。","It has been designated a National Treasure by the Japanese government as representative of the dazzling and ostentatious architecture of the Azuchi-Momoyama period (1568–1603). "]
[2413,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","城跡・城郭・宮殿","二条城","にじょうじょう","Nijo Castle","伏見城が1620年代初頭に解体された後、この門は徳川幕府の京都における代表部である二条城に移され、その後、新たに統治者となった徳川家と関係がある南禅寺の塔頭である金地院に移された。","After Fushimi Castle was dismantled in the early 1620s, the gate was first moved to Nijo Castle. It was later moved to Konchi-in, a sub-temple of Nanzenji Temple that was closely associated with the new Tokugawa rulers. "]
[2414,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","南禅寺","なんぜんじ","Nanzenji Temple","伏見城が1620年代初頭に解体された後、この門は徳川幕府の京都における代表部である二条城に移され、その後、新たに統治者となった徳川家と関係がある南禅寺の塔頭である金地院に移された。","After Fushimi Castle was dismantled in the early 1620s, the gate was first moved to Nijo Castle. It was later moved to Konchi-in, a sub-temple of Nanzenji Temple that was closely associated with the new Tokugawa rulers. "]
[2415,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","金地院","こんちいん","Konchi-in","伏見城が1620年代初頭に解体された後、この門は徳川幕府の京都における代表部である二条城に移され、その後、新たに統治者となった徳川家と関係がある南禅寺の塔頭である金地院に移された。","After Fushimi Castle was dismantled in the early 1620s, the gate was first moved to Nijo Castle. It was later moved to Konchi-in, a sub-temple of Nanzenji Temple that was closely associated with the new Tokugawa rulers. "]
[2416,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","工芸・美術品","豊国祭礼図屏風","ほうこくさいれいずびょうぶ","Folding Screens of the Ritual Celebration Memorializing Toyotomi Hideyoshi (Hokoku sairei zu byobu)","重要文化財に指定されている豊国祭礼図屏風には、1604年8月に豊臣秀吉（1537-1598）の死後7年の命日を記念する祭礼で起きた特別な出来事が描かれている。","Folding Screens of the Ritual Celebration Memorializing Toyotomi Hideyoshi (Hokoku sairei zu byobu) depict the extraordinary events that took place at the memorial for Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1537–1598) held in 1604 on the seventh anniversary of his death. "]
[2417,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","七福神","しちふくじん","Seven Gods of Good Fortune","中には異国的な南蛮人（当時の西洋人の呼び名）の格好をしていたり、七福神の一人に見立てた服を着ている人もいる。","Some are dressed as exotic “Southern Barbarians,” as Europeans were then known, while one of the dancers appears to be dressed as one of the Seven Gods of Good Fortune. "]
[2418,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","その他","南蛮人","なんばんじん","Southern Barbarians,","中には異国的な南蛮人（当時の西洋人の呼び名）の格好をしていたり、七福神の一人に見立てた服を着ている人もいる。","Some are dressed as exotic “Southern Barbarians,” as Europeans were then known, while one of the dancers appears to be dressed as one of the Seven Gods of Good Fortune. "]
[2419,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","動物","漠","ばく","makura","この枕は、悪い夢を食い尽くすといわれる神話上の獣である獏の形をしている。","This pillow (makura) is in the shape of a baku, a mythical beast with origins in Chinese folklore."]
[2420,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","その他","枕","まくら","baku","この枕は、悪い夢を食い尽くすといわれる神話上の獣である獏の形をしている。","This pillow (makura) is in the shape of a baku, a mythical beast with origins in Chinese folklore."]
[2421,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","その他","馬印","うまじるし","umajirushi","軍旗は日本語では馬印と呼ばれていたが、これは文字どおり馬につける旗印という意味である。","Called umajirushi in Japanese (literally “horse insignia”), standards of this sort were used during the Warring States period (1467–1568) to indicate the location of a commander on the battlefield. "]
[2422,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","紋章等 ","千成瓢箪","せんなりびょうたん","Sennari byotan","この本物の馬印は一つの瓢箪の形をしているが、秀吉との関連で有名な千成瓢箪は江戸時代の物語に由来するフィクションである。","This authentic standard is shaped like a single gourd; the more famous Thousand Gourds (Sennari byotan) design that became associated with Hideyoshi is a later invention that appeared for the first time in Edo-period (1603–1867) narratives. "]
[2423,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","工芸・美術品","薙刀","なぎなた"," naginata","元々は薙刀（長い棒に湾曲した刃がついた武器）だったが、紆余曲折を経て今の形に改造された。","Originally forged as a naginata (a curved blade attached to a long staff) for Minamoto no Yoritomo (1147–1198), the first Kamakura shogun, it later became the hereditary possession of the Ashikaga shoguns. "]
[2424,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","工芸・美術品","骨喰藤四郎","ほねばみとうしろう","Honebami (Bone-smasher) Toshiro","骨喰藤四郎は、秀吉の手に渡るまでに、英雄的な戦士、強力な将軍、冷酷な暗殺者など様々な人々の手を経てきた。","Eventually, the Honebami (Bone-smasher) Toshiro found its way into the hands of Hideyoshi. But with the destruction of the Toyotomi family at the hands of the Tokugawa in 1615, the sword came into the possession of the new line of shoguns."]
[2425,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","鉄灯篭","てつとうろう","iron lantern  (Tetsu toro)","高さが3メートル近くあるこの大きな鉄灯籠は、宝物館の入り口で訪問者を迎えている。","An imposing iron lantern  (Tetsu toro) nearly three meters tall stands at the entrance to the Treasure Museum. "]
[2426,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","人物・人名・役職名","天下一","てんかいち","Tenka ichi","秀吉は与次郎に「天下一」の称号を与えた。","Hideyoshi bestowed on Yojiro the sobriquet “Best in the Realm” (Tenka ichi)."]
[2427,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","工芸・美術品","唐櫃","からびつ","decorative chest","足付きの櫃は唐櫃（「中国風の収納箱」の意）と呼ばれる。","These extremely decorative chests were used to store Hideyoshi’s (1537–1598) personal effects, and they clearly display his extravagant artistic preferences."]
[2428,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","工芸・美術品","平蒔絵","ひらまきえ","hira makie","非常に豊かに装飾が施されたこれらの櫃は、平蒔絵（高台寺蒔絵ともいう）という技法が使われている"," The decoration is an example of the technique known as hira makie (also called Kodaiji makie), in which gold and silver powder is sprinkled over and embedded in black lacquer."]
[2429,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","工芸・美術品","唐草文様","からくさもんよう","karakusamon","渦巻き状の花柄である唐草文様の櫃は、秀吉自身が使っていたものとされている。","The chest with the scrolling floral design known as karakusamon is thought to have been used by Hideyoshi himself."]
[2430,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","智積院","ちしゃくいん","Chishakuin","智積院は仏教の真言宗の智山派の総本山である。","The temple of Chishakuin is the headquarters of the Chisaku school of Shingon Buddhism."]
[2431,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","金堂","こんどう","Kondō","金堂は物理的にも精神的にも智積院の中心に位置する建物である。","The Kondō (main hall) sits at the physical and religious center of the temple of Chishakuin."]
[2432,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","人物・人名・役職名","空海","くうかい","Kūkai","金堂は1882年の火災で焼失し、100年近くにわたって再建されることはなかったが、1975年、真言宗の宗祖である空海（弘法大師）の生誕1200年を記念し、再建された。","The Kondō was destroyed by fire in 1882 and remained unrestored for almost a century. To commemorate the 1200th birthday of Kūkai (Kōbō Daishi, 774–835), the founder of Shingon Buddhism, the Kondō was rebuilt in 1975."]
[2433,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","曼荼羅","まんだら","mandala","インドの伝統に起源を持ち、いくつかの曼荼羅図にも描かれている不動明王は、密教の宗派である天台宗や真言宗において深く信仰されている。","Tracing its roots to Indian tradition and appearing in several illustrated mandalas, Fudō Myō-ō is deeply revered in Japan within the esoteric Buddhist sects of Tendai and Shingon. "]
[2434,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大雲院","だいうんいん","Daiun’in","明王殿はもともと、より京都の中心部に近い場所にある大雲院という寺院に建てられていた建物である。","The Myō-ōdō was originally built at the temple of Daiun’in, located closer to Kyoto’s geographic center."]
[2435,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","明王殿","みょうおうでん","Myō-ōdō","明王殿はもともと、より京都の中心部に近い場所にある大雲院という寺院に建てられていた建物である。","The Myō-ōdō was originally built at the temple of Daiun’in, located closer to Kyoto’s geographic center."]
[2436,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","工芸・美術品","桜図","さくらず","Cherry Blossoms","おそらく最も有名な宝物は、「桜図」、「楓図」、そして桃山時代（1568-1600）に長谷川等伯の一派によって作成された他の壮大な襖絵でしょう。","Perhaps the most notable treasures are Cherry Blossoms, Maple Tree, and other magnificent sliding door paintings created by the Hasegawa Tohaku school during the Azuchi-Momoyama period (1568–1603)."]
[2437,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","工芸・美術品","楓図","かえでず","Maple Tree","おそらく最も有名な宝物は、「桜図」、「楓図」、そして桃山時代（1568-1600）に長谷川等伯の一派によって作成された他の壮大な襖絵でしょう。"," Perhaps the most notable treasures are Cherry Blossoms, Maple Tree, and other magnificent sliding door paintings created by the Hasegawa Tohaku school during the Azuchi-Momoyama period (1568–1603)."]
[2438,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","人物・人名・役職名","長谷川等伯","はせがわとうはく"," Hasegawa Tohaku","桃山時代（1568-1600）に長谷川等伯の一派が描いた壮麗な襖絵です。 ","he most famous paintings are Cherry Blossoms and Maple Tree, magnificent sliding door paintings created by the Hasegawa Tohaku school during the Azuchi-Momoyama period (1568–1603). "]
[2439,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","工芸・美術品","松に秋草図","まつにあきくさず","Pine Tree and Autumn Flowers","智積院に保管されているその他の作品には、「松に秋草図」（国宝）、「松に黄蜀葵図」（国宝）、「松に梅図」（重要文化財）、「雪松の図」（国宝）などがあります。","Other works at Chishakuin Temple include Pine Tree and Autumn Flowers (National Treasure), Pine Tree and Hollyhocks (National Treasure), Pine Tree and Plum Blossoms (Important Cultural Property), and Snow Pine Tree (National Treasure), all of which convey the spirit of magnificence and splendor of that era."]
[2440,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","工芸・美術品","松に黄蜀葵図","まつにとろろあおいず","Pine Tree and Hollyhocks","智積院に保管されているその他の作品には、「松に秋草図」（国宝）、「松に黄蜀葵図」（国宝）、「松に梅図」（重要文化財）、「雪松の図」（国宝）などがあります。","Other works at Chishakuin Temple include Pine Tree and Autumn Flowers (National Treasure), Pine Tree and Hollyhocks (National Treasure), Pine Tree and Plum Blossoms (Important Cultural Property), and Snow Pine Tree (National Treasure), all of which convey the spirit of magnificence and splendor of that era."]
[2441,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","工芸・美術品","松に梅図","まつにうめず","Pine Tree and Plum Blossoms","智積院に保管されているその他の作品には、「松に秋草図」（国宝）、「松に黄蜀葵図」（国宝）、「松に梅図」（重要文化財）、「雪松の図」（国宝）などがあります。","Other works at Chishakuin Temple include Pine Tree and Autumn Flowers (National Treasure), Pine Tree and Hollyhocks (National Treasure), Pine Tree and Plum Blossoms (Important Cultural Property), and Snow Pine Tree (National Treasure), all of which convey the spirit of magnificence and splendor of that era."]
[2442,"京都府 ","東山七条観光プロジェクトチーム","工芸・美術品","雪松の図","ゆきまつのず","Snow Pine Tree","智積院に保管されているその他の作品には、「松に秋草図」（国宝）、「松に黄蜀葵図」（国宝）、「松に梅図」（重要文化財）、「雪松の図」（国宝）などがあります。","Other works at Chishakuin Temple include Pine Tree and Autumn Flowers (National Treasure), Pine Tree and Hollyhocks (National Treasure), Pine Tree and Plum Blossoms (Important Cultural Property), and Snow Pine Tree (National Treasure), all of which convey the spirit of magnificence and splendor of that era."]
[2443,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","食","醸造所","じょうぞうしょ","brewerie, or sake-maker","1599年には、伏見は「日本酒の町」として全国的な評判を得るようになり、1657年には、伏見だけで83の登録醸造所があった。","By 1599, Fushimi had gained a countrywide reputation as a “sake town,” and in 1657, there were 83 registered breweries in Fushimi alone."]
[2444,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","社会","戊辰戦争","ぼしんせんそう","Boshin War ","戊辰戦争（1868〜1869）が勃発したとき、増田家は最終的に勝利した天皇を支持する反乱軍に対し、幕府を支持した。","When the Boshin War (1868–1869) broke out, the Masuda family supported the shogunate against the ultimately victorious pro-emperor rebels."]
[2445,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","社会","鳥羽伏見の戦い","とばふしみのたたかい","Battle of Toba-Fushimi","鳥羽伏見の戦い（1868年1月）の間、蔵元は反乱軍との戦いで破壊された。","During the Battle of Toba-Fushimi (January 1868), the brewery was destroyed in the fighting by the rebels."]
[2446,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","食","にごり酒","にごりさけ","nigori, or nigori sake","1960年代に、乳白色をした粗ごしのきらめく日本酒である、にごり酒を初めて作った蔵元である。","Masuda Tokubee Shōten was the first to make nigori sake, a milky, rough-filtered sparkling sake in the 1960s."]
[2447,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","食","発酵室","はっこうしつ","fermentation room","内蔵には発酵室があり、1年を通して約40キロリットルの日本酒が生産されている。","The Uchigura contains a fermentation room, where sake continues to be produced year-round at an output of about 40 kiloliters—approximately the same yearly output as the whole company in 1637. "]
[2448,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","食","杜氏","とうじ","master brewer","恒吉は会社の正式な責任者であるにもかかわらず、まずは杜氏の見習いとして働いた。 ","Despite being the official head of the company Tsunekichi first worked as an apprentice to the master brewer. "]
[2449,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","食","低温殺菌","ていおんさっきん","pasteurization","彼の技術への最大の貢献は、瓶詰めと低温殺菌に関連する科学技術の導入で、これにより腐敗が大幅に減少し、今もなお業界で使用されている。 ","His greatest contributions to the craft were the introduction of scientific techniques relating to bottling and pasteurization that drastically reduced spoilage and are still used in the industry today. "]
[2450,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","食","純米酒","じゅんまいしゅ","junmai sake","招德酒造は、1645年から日本酒を醸造しており、醸造アルコールを加えずに醸造される純米酒に特化した酒造りを行っている。","Shōtoku Shuzō has been brewing sake since 1645 and specializes in junmai sake, which is brewed without the addition of brewer’s alcohol. "]
[2451,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","食","きもとづくり","きもとづくり","kimoto technique","招德酒造の一部の日本酒は、自然の乳酸発酵を使用してもろみを作る伝統のきもとづくりに力を注いでいる。","For some of its sake, Shōtoku Shuzō uses the traditional kimoto technique, which uses natural lactic acid fermentation to create an acidic sake mash."]
[2452,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","食","乳酸発酵","にゅうさんはっこう","lactic acid fermentation","招德酒造の一部の日本酒は、自然の乳酸発酵を使用してもろみを作る伝統のきもとづくりに力を注いでいる。","For some of its sake, Shōtoku Shuzō uses the traditional kimoto technique, which uses natural lactic acid fermentation to create an acidic sake mash."]
[2453,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","食","もろみ","もろみ","acidic sake mash","招德酒造の一部の日本酒は、自然の乳酸発酵を使用してもろみを作る伝統のきもとづくりに力を注いでいる。","For some of its sake, Shōtoku Shuzō uses the traditional kimoto technique, which uses natural lactic acid fermentation to create an acidic sake mash."]
[2454,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","食","日本酒酵母","にほんしゅこうぼ","sake yeast","現在、14代目の社長が経営している同社は、伝統的は醸造方法と現代の技術を組み合わせ、地元で開発された京の琴日本酒酵母や高品質の山田錦米、および1657年以来使用されているものと同じ純水を使用している、1983年以来、北川本家の旗艦ブランドである純米吟醸酒「富翁」は、日本酒賞で金賞を18年間連続で受賞している。 ","Currently run by its fourteenth-generation president, the company combines traditional brewing methods with modern techniques, using locally developed Kyō-no-koto sake yeast, high-quality Yamada Nishiki rice, and the same pure spring water that it have used since 1657."]
[2455,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","食","原酒","げんしゅ","genshu sake","メニューには、人気の高い焼き鳥とタンクから注がれる新鮮な原酒などもある。","The menu also includes highly popular chicken skewers and fresh-from-the-tank, undiluted genshu sake."]
[2456,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","食","麹菌","こうじきん","kōji mold","生産コスト削減や酒の心地良い風味付け効果など、多くの利点があったが、1964年に玉乃光酒造は、醸造アルコールを控え、米、水、酵母、麹菌のみで作られた純米酒を採用するという大胆な決定を下した。","There were many benefits, including cheaper production costs and the pleasant effect it has on the sake’s flavor, but in 1964 Tamanohikari Shuzō made a bold decision to forgo brewer’s alcohol and embrace junmai sake, which is made with only rice, water, yeast, and kōji mold."]
[2457,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","食","純米大吟醸酒","じゅんまいだいぎんじょう","junmai daiginjō sake","現在でも玉乃光酒造は、純米酒と純米大吟醸酒のみを醸造している。","Even today, Tamanohikari Shuzō brews only junmai and junmai daiginjō sake. "]
[2458,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","食","扁平精米","へんぺいせいまいさけ","henpei seimai technique","蔵人たちは、米を平に削る「扁平精米」技術を使用している。","The brewers use the henpei seimai technique of “flat milling.” "]
[2459,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","芸能・興行・イベント","演歌","えんか","enka music","1950年代のチャーミングなカッパの家族が日本酒を楽しむ清水の漫画で始まり、忍者と戦う侍、茶屋で黄桜を注ぐ芸者、そして1970年代から80年代の俳優がホストとなって黄桜を称賛するコマーシャルが、すべて懐かしい演歌とともに放映されている。","Beginning with Shimizu’s charming 1950s cartoons of a kappa family enjoying sake, the commercials show samurai battling ninja, geisha serving Kizakura sake in a teahouse, and a host of 1970s and 1980s actors who praise Kizakura sake, all to the sound of nostalgic enka music."]
[2460,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","食","酒槽搾り","さかふねしぼり","sake press ","隣の部屋には、古い木製の酒槽搾り（酒舟）が展示されている。","In the next room an old wooden sake press (sakafune) is on display."]
[2461,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","食","酒舟","さかふね","sakafune","隣の部屋には、古い木製の酒槽搾り（酒舟）が展示されている。","In the next room an old wooden sake press (sakafune) is on display."]
[2462,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","動物","鶴","つる","crane","伝統的に千年生きると信じられてきた鶴は、日本の芸術や文学では何世紀もの間、優雅さ、幸運、長寿の象徴として存在してきた。","Traditionally believed to live for a thousand years, cranes have been a symbol of elegance, good fortune, and longevity in Japanese art and literature for centuries. "]
[2463,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","その他","「日本名水百選」","にほんめいすいひゃくせん","Meisui Hyakusen, or “Japan’s 100 Remarkable Waters” ","水は1985年に環境省が選定した名水百選または「日本名水百選」に登録されている御香宮神社の湧き水と同じである。","The spring water is the same as the water from the spring at Gokōnomiya Jinja Shrine, which is registered as one of the Meisui Hyakusen, or “Japan’s 100 Remarkable Waters,” a list created by the Ministry of the Environment in 1985."]
[2464,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","建造物等","大賞蔵","たいしょうぐら","Taishōgura building","今日まで、同社は大賞蔵の建物内で醸造を行い、伝統的な酒造りを行っている。","To this day, the company brews inside the Taishōgura building, making traditional styles of sake. "]
[2465,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","食","酒米","さかまい","sakamai","日本酒造りの核心は、食べるためではなく日本酒を作るための様々な酒米にある。 ","At the heart of sake brewing is sakamai, a variety of rice for making sake not for eating. "]
[2466,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","食","吟醸","ぎんじょう","ginjō class","吟醸クラスの資格を得るには、米粒を元の大きさの60％以下になるまで磨く必要がある。","To qualify for the ginjō class, the rice grains must be milled to 60 percent or less of their original size."]
[2467,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","食","本醸造","ほんじょうぞう","honjōzō","本醸造は、少量の醸造アルコールを加えてよりはっきりとクリアな風味を作り出し、米粒は元の大きさの70％以下に精米されている。","Honjōzō is made with a small amount of brewer’s alcohol added to create a clearer, more distinct flavor, and the rice grain is milled to 70 percent or less of its original size."]
[2468,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","岩石・洞窟","砂礫層","されきそう","layers of granite","太古の昔から、伏見は水に恵まれ、粘土層や砂礫層が幾重にも重なった地層を通った水が湧き出ている。 ","Since time immemorial, Fushimi has been blessed with water that bubbles up through layers of granite and clay. "]
[2469,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","食","酒母","しゅぼ","“sake mother”, or shubo","発酵が始まる前に、醸造者は「酛」（もと）または「酒母」（しゅぼ）として知られる最初の発酵の準備をする。","Before the fermentation begins, the brewers prepare a starter ferment known as the “base” (moto) or the “sake mother” (shubo)."]
[2470,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","食","三段仕込み","さんだんしこみ","sandan shikomi","三段仕込みとして知られる3段階の発酵過程で、酒母はさらに多くの蒸し米と水と組み合わされる。 ","The shubo is then combined with more steamed rice and water in a three-stage fermentation process known as sandan shikomi. "]
[2471,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","食","乳酸","にゅうさん","lactic acid","乳酸または乳酸産生菌を加えることで生じるこの酸性度は、酵母や麹を食べる微生物を殺す。","This acidity, created by adding lactic acid or lactic-acid-producing bacteria, kills microbes that would eat the yeast and kōji."]
[2472,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","食","もろみ","もろみ","moromi","「もろみ」として知られる主な発酵が完了すると、それを布でろ過して酒かす（未発酵の米でできた沈殿物）を取り除く。","Once the main ferment, known as moromi, is complete, it is filtered through a cloth to remove the sake lees—a sediment made up of unfermented rice. "]
[2473,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","食","オリガラミ","おりがらみ","origarami","この沈殿物を除去するには、日本酒を再度ろ過するか、沈殿物を残したまま2種類の濁り酒、オリガラミまたはニゴリを作ることもある。","To remove this sediment, the sake can be filtered again, or the sediment can be left to create either origarami or nigori, two types of cloudy sake. "]
[2474,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","食","冷酒","れいしゅ","reishu","温度を表す一般的な酒の用語は、冷酒（冷たい）、常温（室温）、ぬるかん（じんわり温かい）、そして熱かん（熱い）である。","Common sake terms referring to temperature are reishu (cold), jōon (room temperature), nurukan (gently warmed), and atsukan (hot)."]
[2475,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","食","常温","じょうおん","jōon","温度を表す一般的な酒の用語は、冷酒（冷たい）、常温（室温）、ぬるかん（じんわり温かい）、そして熱かん（熱い）である。","Common sake terms referring to temperature are reishu (cold), jōon (room temperature), nurukan (gently warmed), and atsukan (hot)."]
[2476,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","食","ぬるかん","ぬるかん","nurukan","温度を表す一般的な酒の用語は、冷酒（冷たい）、常温（室温）、ぬるかん（じんわり温かい）、そして熱かん（熱い）である。","Common sake terms referring to temperature are reishu (cold), jōon (room temperature), nurukan (gently warmed), and atsukan (hot)."]
[2477,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","食","熱かん","あつかん","atsukan","温度を表す一般的な酒の用語は、冷酒（冷たい）、常温（室温）、ぬるかん（じんわり温かい）、そして熱かん（熱い）である。","Common sake terms referring to temperature are reishu (cold), jōon (room temperature), nurukan (gently warmed), and atsukan (hot)."]
[2478,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","食","徳利","とっくり","tokkuri","温度に関係なく、伝統的に日本酒は徳利として知られる陶製の酒器で提供され、酒を飲む人はそこからお猪口または盃として知られる器に酒を注ぐ。","Regardless of temperature, sake is traditionally served in a ceramic vessel called a tokkuri, from which drinkers pour the sake into a drinking cup known as an ochoko or sakazuki. "]
[2479,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","食","猪口","おちょこ","ochoko","温度に関係なく、伝統的に日本酒は徳利として知られる陶製の酒器で提供され、酒を飲む人はそこからお猪口または盃として知られる器に酒を注ぐ。","Regardless of temperature, sake is traditionally served in a ceramic vessel called a tokkuri, from which drinkers pour the sake into a drinking cup known as an ochoko or sakazuki. "]
[2480,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","食","升","ます","masu","祭りなどでは、酒は升と呼ばれる小さな木製の四角い箱で提供されることがある。","At festivals, sake is sometimes served in a small, wooden square box called a masu. "]
[2481,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","食","鯛","たい","sea bream","魚三楼の名物料理は、稔雄氏によれば「ほぼ一年中美味しい」と言われている、伝統的に慶事で出される魚、鯛である。","Uosaburō’s specialty is sea bream, a fish traditionally served at celebrations that is, according to Shigeo, “delicious almost all year round.” "]
[2482,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","植物","菊","きく","chrysanthemums","井戸は、白い菊を愛情込めて育てていた翁の伝説から命名されたと記されている。","A legend attached to the naming of the spring describes an old man who lovingly cultivated white chrysanthemums. "]
[2483,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","建造物等","さざれ石","さざれいし","sazareishi","2段式の埋葬塚は、底が正方形、上部が円形で、大きな岩となる力があると言われる小さな神聖な石であるさざれ石で覆われている。","The tomb itself is behind a number of torii gates. The two-tiered burial mound is square at the base, circular on top, and covered with sazareishi, small sacred stones that are said to have the power to grow into great boulders. "]
[2484,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","社会","北朝","ほくちょう","Northern Court","天皇家では武士の味方であった光明天皇が、天皇へ任命されたことで、朝廷は足利の支援を得た北朝と後醍醐天皇の南朝に分断された。","Emperor Kōmyō was a samurai-friendly member of the imperial line, and his installation as emperor caused the imperial court to split into the Ashikaga-backed Northern Court and Go-Daigo’s Southern Court. "]
[2485,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","社会","南朝","なんちょう","Southern Court","天皇家では武士の味方であった光明天皇が、天皇へ任命されたことで、朝廷は足利の支援を得た北朝と後醍醐天皇の南朝に分断された。","Emperor Kōmyō was a samurai-friendly member of the imperial line, and his installation as emperor caused the imperial court to split into the Ashikaga-backed Northern Court and Go-Daigo’s Southern Court. "]
[2486,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","その他","百済","くだら/ひゃくさい","Baekje","私は、桓武天皇の母が百済の武寧王の家系であったと日本書紀に記されているという事実を考えると、韓国にある種の親近感を感じている","I, on my part, feel a certain kinship with Korea, given the fact that it is recorded in the Chronicles of Japan (Nihon shoki) that the mother of Emperor Kanmu was of the line of King Muryong of Baekje."]
[2487,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","書物","「看聞日記」","かんもんにっき","Kanmon Nikki","貞成の遺産は、1416年から1448年に執筆された44巻から成る「看聞日記」に残されており、14世紀初頭の宮中の生活を類まれな眼識で捉えている。","Sadafusa’s legacy endures in his 44-volume diary, the Kanmon Nikki, which was written between 1416 and 1448 and provides a rare insight into early fourteenth century court life."]
[2488,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","鬼門","きもん","kimon","日本の地質学的には、北東は鬼門や悪魔門として有名で、その不運な方向から邪気をかわすために、神社はしばしば北東に建てられた。","In Japanese geomancy, northeast is known as the kimon, or demon gate, and shrines were often built in the northeast to fend off malevolent forces from that unlucky direction."]
[2489,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","乗物","貨物船","かもつせん","freight ferries","旅客船や貨物船に乗って、旅人、商人、政治家、観光客が、古都と内陸港の間を行き来した。","Travelers, traders, political schemers, and tourists visited the inland port en route to and from the ancient capital aboard passenger or freight ferries."]
[2490,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","乗物","十石舟","じゅっこくぶね、じっこくぶね","jukkokubune or jikkokubune ","伏見の旅のハイライトの1つは、十石舟と三十石舟（別名じっこくぶね とさんじっこくぶね）として知られる平底船に乗って港町の水路をめぐるツアーである。","One of the highlights of a visit to Fushimi is a tour along the port town’s waterways aboard the flat-bottomed boats known as jukkokubune and sanjukkokubune (alternatively jikkokubune and sanjikkokubune). "]
[2491,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","乗物","三十石舟","さんじゅっこくぶね、さんじっこくぶね","sanjukkokubune or sanjikkokubune","伏見の旅のハイライトの1つは、十石舟と三十石舟（別名じっこくぶね とさんじっこくぶね）として知られる平底船に乗って港町の水路をめぐるツアーである。","One of the highlights of a visit to Fushimi is a tour along the port town’s waterways aboard the flat-bottomed boats known as jukkokubune and sanjukkokubune (alternatively jikkokubune and sanjikkokubune). "]
[2492,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","建造物等","治水堤防","ちすいていぼう","flood prevention","新しい治水堤防の建設で宇治川の水位が以後変わってしまった後でも、水門により伏見を経由し京都-大阪間の貿易を続けることができた。","The lock gates allowed trade to continue between Kyoto and Osaka through Fushimi even after construction of new flood prevention embankments permanently changed the height of the Ujigawa River. "]
[2493,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","社会","参勤交代政策","さんきんこうたいせいさく","sankin kōtai policy","幕府の参勤交代政策もとの、すべての大名は徳川の首都江戸に隔年で住む必要があった。","Under the shogunate’s sankin kōtai policy, all daimyo were required to spend every other year at the Tokugawa capital in Edo."]
[2494,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","建造物等","屋根瓦","やねかわら","roof tiles","建物は1993年に復元され、屋根瓦など、元の建物から取られた資材のほとんどが再利用された。","The building was restored in 1993, most of the material taken from original building was reused, including the roof tiles."]
[2495,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","社会","尊王攘夷","そんのうじょうい","sonnō jōi","1861年に反幕府勤王党に加わるために土佐に戻ったころには、龍馬は「天皇を尊重し、野蛮人を追放する」という尊王攘夷運動を強く信じていた。","By the time he returned to Tosa and joined its anti-shogunate Loyalist Party in 1861, Ryōma was a firm believer in sonnō jōi, the movement to “revere the emperor, expel the barbarians.” "]
[2496,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","社会","船中八策","せんちゅうはっさく","senchū hassaku","彼は、平和的な手段によって帝国の支配を回復するための包括的な8か条である船中八策を起草した。","He also formulated the senchū hassaku, a comprehensive eight-point plan for restoring imperial rule through peaceful means."]
[2497,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","建造物等","赤漆","せきしつ","red lacquer","赤漆の中国風の入り口の門が特徴的な長建寺は、真言宗の仏教寺院として1699年に建てられた。","Easily distinguished by its red lacquer Chinese gate, Chōkenji was founded in 1699 as a Shingon Buddhist temple. "]
[2498,"京都府 ","伏見観光プロジェクトチーム","建造物等","台座","だいざ","plinth","一見すると他の石灯籠と変わらないように見えるが、台座の基底部を良く見ると、聖母マリアの小さな描写が現れる。","At first, it appears no different from any other, but a closer look at the base of the plinth reveals a small depiction of Mary, the mother of Christ. "]
[2499,"京都府 ","平安神宮","城跡・城郭・宮殿","朝堂院","ちょうどういん","State Hall of the Imperial Palace","この中庭は、天皇が国事を司っていたであろう天皇御所の正庁である朝堂院をモデルにしています。","The complex is modeled on the State Hall of the Imperial Palace, or Chodoin complex, where the emperor presided over state affairs."]
[2500,"京都府 ","平安神宮","城跡・城郭・宮殿","平安京","へいあんきょう","Heiankyo","平安神宮は、日本の平安時代（794～1185）の首都であり、現在の京都の前身でもある平安京にあった天皇御所を8分の5の規模で復元したものです。","Heian Jingu is a 5:8 scale replica of the emperor’s palace in Heiankyo, the capital of Heian Japan (794–1185), present-day Kyoto."]
[2501,"京都府 ","平安神宮","城跡・城郭・宮殿","龍尾壇","りゅうびだん","Ryubidan","龍尾壇の垣は赤い漆塗りに、箔押しと彫刻が施された金属細工が装飾されており、中庭の手前の部分と高くなっている内側の部分を区切るように配されています。","The Ryubidan balustrade, lacquered in red with ornately engraved and gilded metalwork, separates the front part of the courtyard from the upper, inner area. "]
[2502,"京都府 ","平安神宮","社会","五行思想","ごぎょうしそう","wuxing","この４体の天上の神獣は、古代中国の思想である五行思想（５つの元素）の一部を成すもので、古代中国ではこの総括的な思想によって、現象間の相互作用や関係性についての説明がなされ、宇宙の周期から医学、土占いまで、あらゆるものにこの考えが適用されていました。","The four celestial guardians were part of the wuxing, or five elements concept fundamental to Chinese philosophy, which described interactions and relationships between phenomena and governed everything from cosmic cycles to geomancy in ancient China."]
[2503,"京都府 ","平安神宮","植物","橘","たちばな","tachibana","左側にある橘は、夏には香りの良い白い花を咲かせ、冬にはマンダリンのような柑橘の果実を実らせます。","The tachibana (Citrus tachibana) tree on the left produces fragrant white blossoms in summer and bears a citrus fruit similar to a mandarin orange, which ripens in winter."]
[2504,"京都府 ","平安神宮","城跡・城郭・宮殿","大極殿","だいごくでん","Daigokuden","大極殿は平安神宮の外拝殿です。大極殿の真後ろに位置している本殿には、桓武天皇（737～806）と、孝明天皇（1831～1866）が祀られています。","The Daigokuden is the shrine’s outer hall of worship. Directly behind it is the main sanctuary, the Honden, where Emperor Kanmu (737–¬806) and Emperor Komei (1831–1866) are enshrined."]
[2505,"京都府 ","平安神宮","植物","八重紅枝垂","やえべにしだれ","yaebeni shidare","４月中旬になると、八重紅枝垂という枝垂れの八重桜が咲き誇ります。","The double-petaled weeping cherry called yaebeni shidare flowers here in mid-April. "]
[2506,"京都府 ","平安神宮","芸能・興行・イベント","第4回内国勧業博覧会","だいよんかいないこくかんぎょうはくらんかい","Fourth National Industrial Exhibition","線路の敷設と平安神宮の創建は、京都で開催された大規模な博覧会である、第4回内国勧業博覧会（平安神宮近くで開催）と同時になるよう計画されました。","The installation of the tramline and the foundation of Heian Jingu were planned to coincide with the Fourth National Industrial Exhibition, a large exposition hosted in Kyoto (near Heian Jingu)."]
[2507,"京都府 ","平安神宮","書物","源氏物語","げんじものがたり","The Tale of Genji","ここにある多くの草木や花々は、平安時代の宮中での暮らしを描いた「源氏物語」など、数々の古典の詩や古典文学に登場しています。","Many of the plants and flowers here appear in classical poetry or literary works such as The Tale of Genji, which depicts life in the Heian court. "]
[2508,"京都府 ","平安神宮","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","菩薩","ぼさつ","bodhisattva","絶妙に置かれた岩や石は、訪れる方の意識を庭園の特定の風景に魅きつけるために精緻に配置されたものです。松の木と、水面に映る枝、そして池の反対側の植え込みに真っ直ぐに立ち上がった三つの岩は、お釈迦様と二柱の菩薩を表しています。","These rocks and stones have been positioned very precisely to invite you indirectly to enjoy particular aspects or vistas of the garden: the pine tree and the reflection of its branches in the water, or the three upright rocks in the shrubbery on the far side of the pond that represent the Buddha and two bodhisattvas."]
[2509,"京都府 ","平安神宮","その他","琵琶湖疏水","びわこそすい","Lake Biwa Canal","神宮庭園にある白虎池とその他の池の水は琵琶湖疏水を通り、10km東にある、滋賀県の琵琶湖から引かれています。","Byakko-ike and the other ponds in the shrine gardens are fed by water from the Lake Biwa Canal, which flows from Lake Biwa, 10 kilometers east, in Shiga Prefecture. "]
[2510,"京都府 ","平安神宮","人物・人名・役職名","七代目小川治兵衛","ななだいめおがわじへい","Ogawa Jihei VII","七代目小川治兵衛（1860〜1933）は、明治時代（1868〜1912）の最も著名な作庭家の一人です。","Ogawa Jihei VII (1860–1933) was a prominent landscape designer of the Meiji era (1868–1912). "]
[2511,"京都府 ","平安神宮","その他","わびさび","わびさび","wabi sabi","中神苑は、茶道やその他の日本の伝統芸能で重要とされる、不完全さの美「わびさび」を表現しています。","The garden embodies the wabi-sabi aesthetic, the simple beauty found in imperfection and impermanence that is valued in tea ceremony and other traditional arts."]
[2512,"京都府 ","平安神宮","植物","カキツバタ","かきつばた","rabbit-ear iris","中神苑には、ツツジ、睡蓮、オミナエシ（ominaeshi; Patrinia scabiosifolia）、日本のアイリスの種であるカキツバタ（kakitsubata; Iris laevigata) などが植わっています。","Flowers in the garden include azalea, water lily, golden lace (ominaeshi; Patrinia scabiosifolia), and rabbit-ear iris (kakitsubata; Iris laevigata)."]
[2513,"京都府 ","平安神宮","庭園・公園","借景","しゃっけい","borrowed scenery","東神苑は大きな池を中心にデザインされており、その大きさにより広がりを持たせるため、庭園の外の風景を織り込んだ「借景」と呼ばれる手法を用いています。池にかかった屋根のある橋である「泰平閣」の向こうには、背景に山が見えます。「借景」は、日本特有の作庭手法の一つです。","The East Garden is built around a large pond and “borrows” scenery from outside the garden to enhance the impression of scale. Beyond the Taiheikaku, the roofed walkway over the pond, is a mountain in the background. This “borrowed scenery” is one of the features of Japanese landscaping."]
[2514,"京都府 ","平安神宮","庭園・公園","大名庭園","だいみょうていえん","daimyo garden","東神苑は、江戸時代（1603〜1867）の大名庭園に着想を得ています。","This garden is inspired by daimyo gardens of the Edo period (1603–1867)."]
[2515,"京都府 ","平安神宮","建造物等","唐破風","からはふ","karahafu (Chinese-style gable)","屋根は藁葺きの唐破風をしており、中央の建物の屋根には装飾として中国の不死鳥（鳳凰）があしらわれています。","It has a cypress-bark roof with Chinese-style (karahafu) gables, and the center pavilion is topped by a figure of a phoenix, a symbol of virtue and grace. "]
[2516,"京都府 ","平安神宮","芸能・興行・イベント","時代祭","じだいまつり","Festival of the Ages","その中でも最も大きいのが時代祭で、お祭りのハイライトは、京都御所から平安神宮まで続く大行列です。","The largest is the Jidai Matsuri (Festival of the Ages), the highlight of which is a large procession from the Kyoto Imperial Palace to Heian Jingu. "]
[2517,"京都府 ","平安神宮","人物・人名・役職名","孝明天皇","こうめいてんのう","Emperor Komei","ここには、平安時代（794～1185）の最初の天皇である桓武天皇（737～806）と、平安京最後の天皇となった孝明天皇（1831–1866）が祀られています。","It enshrines Emperor Kanmu (737–806), the first emperor of the Heian period (794–1185), and Emperor Komei (1831–1866), the last emperor to rule from Heiankyo."]
[2518,"京都府 ","平安神宮","人物・人名・役職名","桓武天皇","かんむてんのう","Emperor Kanmu","ここには、平安時代（794～1185）の最初の天皇である桓武天皇（737～806）と、平安京最後の天皇となった孝明天皇（1831–1866）が祀られています。","It enshrines Emperor Kanmu (737–806), the first emperor of the Heian period (794–1185), and Emperor Komei (1831–1866), the last emperor to rule from Heiankyo."]
[2519,"京都府 ","平安神宮","その他","重要文化財","じゅうようぶんかざい","Important Cultural Property of Japan","大極殿（外拝殿）や応天門（正門）を含む建物の幾つかは、国の重要文化財に指定されています。","Several of these, including the Daigokuden (outer hall of worship) and the Otenmon Gate (main gate), are designated Important Cultural Properties of Japan."]
[2520,"京都府 ","平安神宮","社会","明治維新","めいじいしん","Meiji Restoration","彼の治世は、江戸時代の終わりに近づいた頃の21年間(1847〜1866)に及び、産業の促進に繋がった社会的・政治的な改革と日本の近代化を支えるなど、明治維新の基盤を作り上げた功績が讃えられています。","He reigned for 21 years (1847–1866) as the Edo period (1603–1867) drew to a close and is recognized for his contributions in laying the foundations for the Meiji Restoration, the major social and political reform that spurred industrialization and fostered the modernization of Japan."]
[2521,"京都府 ","総本山　禅林寺","建造物等","山荘","さんそう","mountain retreat","関雄の山荘は人里に離れているものの、それでいて京の都に近く、佛教寺院にとって理想的な場所であった。 ","Sekio’s mountain retreat, being remote but still close to the capital in Kyoto, was the ideal location for a Buddhist temple. "]
[2522,"京都府 ","総本山　禅林寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","官寺","かんじ","official temple","平安時代（794–1185）には、通常、皇室の支持によって国の寺院（官寺）が建設され、また規制されていた。","During the Heian period (794–1185), this support was typically provided by the imperial court, which established and regulated official temples called kanji. "]
[2523,"京都府 ","総本山　禅林寺","その他","一般民衆","いっぱんみんしゅう","common people","永観は一般民衆の救済に焦点を当てていた。","Eikan was very focused on the salvation of the common people. "]
[2524,"京都府 ","総本山　禅林寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","称名念仏","しょうみょうねんぶつ","a ritual invocation of the name of Amida Buddha","彼は称名念仏の修行を奨励した。","He encouraged the practice of reciting the nenbutsu, a ritual invocation of the name of Amida Buddha. "]
[2525,"京都府 ","総本山　禅林寺","人物・人名・役職名","住職","じゅうしょく","abbot","永観堂の歴史における3期目は、静遍僧都(1166–1224)の12代住職就任から、13代証空上人(1177–1247)を経て、今日に至るまでである。","The third period of Eikandō’s history begins with the transition from Jōhen (1166–1224), Eikandō’s twelfth abbot, to Shōkū (1177–1247), its thirteenth, and continues until the present day."]
[2526,"京都府 ","総本山　禅林寺","社会","内戦","ないせん","civil war","15世紀、京は応仁の乱(1467–1477)の真っただ中にあった。これは足利幕府の将軍継承問題が原因で始まった軍事紛争であり、ほぼ11年におよぶ全国的な内戦に発展した。 ","In the fifteenth century, Kyoto was at the center of the Ōnin War (1467–1477), an armed conflict that began as a succession dispute over the shogunate and grew into a civil war. "]
[2527,"京都府 ","総本山　禅林寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","蓮の台","はすのうてな","lotus-shaped dais","阿弥陀佛の周りを行道しているとき、永観はその場で彼を凍りつかせた何かを見た。 木造の阿弥陀様は蓮の台から優雅に降りられ、まるで極楽浄土にお導きになるように彼の前を歩き始められた。","As he paced around the statue, Eikan saw something that made him freeze on the spot: the wooden statue of Amida gracefully descended from its lotus-shaped dais and began to walk ahead of him, as if leading him toward paradise."]
[2528,"京都府 ","総本山　禅林寺","書物","名所案内記","めいしょあんないき","guidebooks (meisho annaiki) to famous places in Kyoto","江戸時代中期（1603〜1867）には、京の有名な場所を紹介した多くの指南書（名所案内記）にも取り上げられた。","In the mid-Edo period (1603–1867), it was featured in a number of guidebooks (meisho annaiki) to famous places in Kyoto."]
[2529,"京都府 ","総本山　禅林寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","別当","べっとう","head","永観律師（1033-1111）は、京の貴族、源氏の家に生まれ、石清水八幡宮別当の養子になった。 ","Eikan (1033–1111) was born in Kyoto to the aristocratic Minamoto family and adopted by the head of Iwashimizu Hachimangū Shrine. "]
[2530,"京都府 ","総本山　禅林寺","その他","隠棲","いんせい","studious retreat","1064年、彼は東大寺を出て、10年をかけて京の南にある光明山寺にこもり隠棲した。","In 1064, he departed from Tōdaiji to spend 10 years in studious retreat at Kōmyōsenji Temple on Mt. Kōmyō, to the south of Kyoto. "]
[2531,"京都府 ","総本山　禅林寺","植物","梅林","ばいりん","plum orchard","梅の木は、永観律師(1033–1111)が薬王院のために植えた梅林に残った一本である。","The tree is a remnant of a plum orchard planted by the monk Eikan (1033–1111) for the Yakuōin, a clinic he established on the temple grounds where the sick and poor could receive medical care and traditional medicine made from plums."]
[2532,"京都府 ","総本山　禅林寺","工芸・美術品","南画","なんが","paintings in the Southern Chinese style","鈴木派の絵画は、中国華南の画派である南画の影響を受けた「ゆるい」筆致で、すぐに識別できる。","Art from the Suzuki school is most immediately identifiable by the “loose” brushwork adopted from nanga, or paintings in the Southern Chinese style."]
[2533,"京都府 ","総本山　禅林寺","工芸・美術品","天龍図","てんりゅうず","rendition of a heavenly dragon (tenryūzu)","松僊が描いた天井には、大空を飛ぶ龍を題材にした天龍図が描かれている。 ","The ceiling, painted by Shōsen, features a rendition of a heavenly dragon (tenryūzu), a motif that is said to protect the temple from fire. "]
[2534,"京都府 ","総本山　禅林寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","来迎","らいごう","Amida coming to lead his believers to paradise","阿弥陀が信者を浄土に導くこのシーンは、来迎として知られており、平安時代(794-1185)に浄土宗の広がりとともに一般的に知られるようになった。","The scene of Amida coming to lead his believers to paradise, an event known as raigō, became a popular motif with the spread of Pure Land Buddhism during the Heian period (794–1185)."]
[2535,"京都府 ","総本山　禅林寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","白毫","びゃくごう","urna","この儀式の間、光は像の後ろに置かれ、阿弥陀様の三十二相の1つ、眉間のカールした毛の白毫の小さな穴を通して光を放つ。","During this ritual, a light would have been placed behind the image to shine through a small hole representing the urna, the curl of hair between Amida’s eyebrows that constitutes one of the 32 physical marks of Buddhahood."]
[2536,"京都府 ","総本山　禅林寺","工芸・美術品","厨子","ずし","tabernacle","右側の台には3つの大きな厨子があり、そこには数体の小ぶりな地蔵像（左）、十一面観音像（中央）、および第七代住職の永観律師像（右）が安置されている。","The dais on the right holds three large tabernacles (zushi) containing several additional images, including those of the bodhisattva Jizō (left), the Eleven-headed Kannon (center), and Eikan, the seventh abbot of the temple (right)."]
[2537,"京都府 ","総本山　禅林寺","工芸・美術品","変相図","へんそうず","depiction of the Pure Land","当麻曼陀羅は、変相図で、浄土の描写とも見なすことができる。","The Taima Mandala can also be considered a hensōzu, or depiction of the Pure Land."]
[2538,"京都府 ","総本山　禅林寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","極楽浄土","ごくらくじょうど","the Pure Land","曼陀羅の中央には、誰もが簡単に悟りを得ることができる阿弥陀佛の西方極楽浄土が描かれている。","The mandala’s centermost section, or court, contains a depiction of the Pure Land, Amida Buddha’s western paradise where anyone can easily achieve enlightenment."]
[2539,"京都府 ","総本山　禅林寺","工芸・美術品","水墨","すいぼく","ink wash","長谷川等伯の代表的な作品は、水墨の使用と中国風の絵画（漢画）からの強い影響が特徴である。 ","Tōhaku’s representative works are characterized by the use of ink wash (suiboku) and the strong influence of Chinese-style painting (kanga). "]
[2540,"京都府 ","総本山　禅林寺","建造物等","裳階","もこし","skirt roof","多宝塔は二階建てのように見えるが、二階部分は裳階で純粋に装飾的なものである。","Although the pagoda appears to be contain a second floor, it is in fact a “skirt roof” (mokoshi) and is purely ornamental."]
[2541,"京都府 ","総本山　禅林寺","建造物等","相輪","そうりん","nine-ringed finial","塔の上部には、9つの環（相輪）があり、その先端には願いを叶える球体の宝珠がある。","It is topped with a nine-ringed finial (sōrin) whose tip is a sphere representing a wish-granting jewel (hōju)."]
[2542,"京都府 ","総本山　禅林寺","人物・人名・役職名","勅使","ちょくし","imperial messengers ","天皇の宮廷が京にあった794年から1868年の間、 その勅使が寺院に出入りする際に使用されたが、今日では勅使門はほとんど使用されていない。 ","Between 794 and 1868, when the emperor’s court was in Kyoto, the gate was used by imperial messengers when they entered and exited the temple compound, but today the gate is very rarely used. "]
[2543,"京都府 ","総本山　禅林寺","動物","獏","ばく","mythological tapir-like creatures","門の両側の軒下には、一対の獏が簡素に彫刻されている。獏は悪夢や他の不運を追い払うと言われている神話上の生き物である。","Just under the eaves on either side of the gate are a pair of simplistically carved baku, mythological tapir-like creatures that are said to ward off bad dreams and other misfortunes."]
[2544,"京都府 ","総本山　禅林寺","食","お粥","おかゆ","rice porridge","これらの法話への出席は無料で、僧たちの伝統的な朝食、お粥が提供される。","Attendance of these sermons is free, and the traditional monks’ breakfast of rice porridge (okayu) is provided."]
[2545,"京都府 ","総本山　禅林寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","煩悩","ぼんのう","impure states of mind such as depression or jealousy that obstruct the proper reception of Buddhist teaching . ","12月31日の真夜中には、寺の鐘が108回鳴り、仏教の適切な受け入れを妨げる絶望感や嫉妬心など不純な精神状態、煩悩（サンスクリット語：クレーシャ）を取り除く。","At midnight on December 31, the temple bell is rung 108 times to sweep away bonnō (Sanskrit: kleśa), impure states of mind such as depression or jealousy that obstruct the proper reception of Buddhist teaching. "]
[2546,"京都府 ","総本山　禅林寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","須弥壇","しゅみだん","centermost altar ","中央の祭壇（須弥壇）自体は須弥山を表している。 須弥山は佛教の宇宙論の世界の中心点であり、お堂の四隅で四天王の彫像が東西南北の四方を守っている。","The centermost altar (shumidan) itself is a representation of Mt. Shumi, the centermost point of the world within Buddhist cosmology and the realm of the Four Heavenly Kings (Shitennō) who guard the four directions and are represented by statues in the corners of the hall."]
[2547,"京都府 ","総本山　禅林寺","湖沼","心字池","しんじいけ","heart character pond","「心字池」は日本庭園の一般的な要素であり、隣の南禅寺を始め京都の多くの寺院で見ることができる。","A shinjiike, or “heart character pond,” is a common element of Japanese gardens and can be seen at many of Kyoto’s temples, including at neighboring Nanzenji Temple. "]
[2548,"京都府 ","総本山　禅林寺","その他","盛砂","もりずな","carefully maintained mound of sand","丁寧に盛りあげられた白い花崗岩の砂の山は盛砂（もりずな）と呼ばれ、文字通り「砂の山」を意味する。","This carefully maintained mound of white granite sand is called a morizuna, which literally means “piled sand.”"]
[2549,"京都府 ","総本山　禅林寺","乗物","輿の軛・駕籠の軛","かごのくびき","yoke of the palanquin","輿のくびき（横木）は、これらの二つの盛砂で降ろされ、お乗りの方は降りることができた。","The yoke of the palanquin would be lowered onto these two piles, allowing the passenger to step out."]
[2550,"京都府 ","総本山　禅林寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","末法","まっぽう","Latter Age of Buddhist Law","法然上人は、何世紀にもわたるインド、中国、日本の浄土経の研究を統合し、2つの重要な理解に到達した。第一は、釈迦の存在が薄れ、釈迦の教えがもはや正確に伝えられなくなった釈迦の死後2000年後に始まる末法に人間社会が突入したということ。","Hōnen synthesized centuries of Indian, Chinese, and Japanese scholarship on the Pure Land Sutras. He arrived at two important understandings: first, that human society has entered the “Latter Age of Buddhist Law” (Mappō), the period beginning 2,000 years after the death of the historical Buddha when his influence has faded and his teachings can no longer be transmitted accurately."]
[2551,"京都府 ","総本山　禅林寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神額","しんがく","framed tablet bearing the shrine’s name ","神社の名前が刻まれて注連縄の上にある神額は太田垣連月によって書かれたものである。 ","The framed tablet bearing the shrine’s name that hangs above the sacred rope (shimenawa) was written by Rengetsu herself."]
[2552,"京都府 ","総本山　禅林寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","扁額","へんがく","framed tablet bearing the shrine’s name ","神社の名前が刻まれて注連縄の上にある扁額は太田垣連月によって書かれたものである。 ","The framed tablet bearing the shrine’s name that hangs above the sacred rope (shimenawa) was written by Rengetsu herself."]
[2553,"京都府 ","総本山　禅林寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","注連縄","しめなわ","sacred rope","神社の名前が刻まれて注連縄の上にある神額は太田垣連月によって書かれたものである。 ","The framed tablet bearing the shrine’s name that hangs above the sacred rope (shimenawa) was written by Rengetsu herself."]
[2554,"京都府 ","総本山　禅林寺","史跡","句碑","くひ","poetry stones","東の琵琶湖疎水から流れ込むこの小さな滝は、32人の俳人の句碑で囲まれている。","Poetry stones from 32 generations of poets surround this small waterfall, which flows from Lake Biwa Canal to the east. "]
[2555,"京都府 ","総本山　禅林寺","建造物等","襖","ふすま","sliding partitions","釈迦堂の室内を仕切る襖には、日本有数の絵画一族である長谷川派と狩野派の絵が描かれている。 ","The sliding partitions (fusuma) that separate the interior rooms of the Shaka-dō Hall are decorated with paintings from two of Japan’s foremost artistic lineages: the Hasegawa and Kanō schools."]
[2556,"京都府 ","総本山　禅林寺","その他","依怙贔屓","えこひいき","favoritism","依怙贔屓の傾向があったにもかかわらず、狩野派と長谷川派の作品が永観堂には共に並んで飾られている。","In spite of this trend toward favoritism, works by both the Kanō and Hasegawa schools appear side by side at Eikandō. "]
[2557,"京都府 ","総本山　禅林寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","肉髻","にっけい・にくけい","oval-shaped crown of hair","比較的ふっくらとした全体像、平らな長円形の肉髻（サンスクリット語でウシニシャ）と比較的大きめの螺髪は全て宋王朝（960–1279）時代に作られた仏像の特徴を示している。","The statue’s relatively full figure, the flatness of the oval-shaped crown of hair, or nikkei (Sanskrit: ushnisha), and its relatively large whorls (rahatsu) all show an influence from Buddhist paintings produced during the Song dynasty (960–1279). "]
[2558,"京都府 ","総本山　禅林寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","寺伝","じでん","temple legend","寺伝によると、この像は、応仁の乱の初年（1467–1477）の東岩倉の戦いで、ほとんどの寺院群を破壊した火から奇跡的に救われた。","According to temple legend, this statue was miraculously spared by a fire that destroyed most of the temple complex during the Battle of Higashi-Iwakura in the first year of the Ōnin War (1467–1477). "]
[2559,"京都府 ","総本山　禅林寺","建造物等","温室","うんしつ・おんしつ","steam bath","この蒸し風呂（温室）は、江戸時代（1603〜1867）に現代的に復元したものである。","This steam bath (unshitsu) is a modern restoration of a building from the Edo period (1603–1867). "]
[2560,"京都府 ","大原観光プロジェクトチーム","集落・街","大原","おおはら","Ohara","大原は日本の古都、京都の北約20kmに位置する、周囲を山谷に囲まれた農村です。その昔は隔離された土地として、仏教の聖徒や賢者を魅了し、皇族を一族の内紛から保護してきました。","Ohara is a village some 20 kilometers north of Kyoto. It is known for its rich connections to Buddhism, including Buddhist chanting, Imperial family connections and the cultivation of red shiso (perilla.） "]
[2561,"京都府 ","大原観光プロジェクトチーム","人物・人名・役職名","建礼門院","たいらのとくこ(けんれいもんいん)","Taira no Tokuko (Kenreimon-in) ","1155年に生まれた建礼門院は太政大臣平清盛の娘。16歳のときに入内し、1172年に後白河法皇（77代天皇、在位1155-1158年）の四男・高倉天皇と婚姻した。","Taira no Tokuko (1155–1214) was the daughter of Chancellor Taira no Kiyomori (1118–-1181). At the age of 17, she became the adopted daughter of Emperor Go-Shirakawa (1127–1192), the 77th emperor of Japan. "]
[2562,"京都府 ","大原観光プロジェクトチーム","温泉","大原温泉","おおはらおんせん","Ohara Hot Spring","大原の里「民宿」が運営する「温泉」は、京都府で健康に有益な効果が証明されている数少ない温泉のひとつです。 ","The hot spring operated by Oohara no Sato, a family-operated inn, is one of the few in Kyoto Prefecture with certified health benefits. "]
[2563,"京都府 ","大原観光プロジェクトチーム","人物・人名・役職名","大原女","おはらめ","Oharame ","地元の女性たちは60kgもの重さになる薪を、稲藁で編んだものを丸くしたものをクッションにして、頭に乗せて運んだ。彼らは木材を積んだ車を引く男たちに付き添われていた。","The women, known as Oharame, would travel with them, carrying firewood on their heads. The bundles weighed as much as 60 kilograms and were cushioned by a circle of woven straw."]
[2564,"京都府 ","大原観光プロジェクトチーム","植物","しそ","しそ","Shiso","シソは、ハッカ科に属する多年草で、日本国外では「beefsteak plant」として知られています。緑色が多いが、大原の渓谷で生息している赤しその品種は、葉が赤紫で、野菜の漬け物作りに欠かせない材料です。","Shiso（perilla, also called Japanese basil), is a perennial herb that belongs to the mint family. A variety of red shiso that thrives in the valleys of Ohara is a key ingredient in pickled vegetables (tsukemono)."]
[2565,"京都府 ","大原観光プロジェクトチーム","人物・人名・役職名","弾誓","たんぜい","Tanzei","弾誓は、彼の行動が後に彼の墓に礼拝に来るすべての人々の救いを保証すると信じていました。","Tanzei believed his actions would ensure the salvation of all those who would later come to worship at his tomb."]
[2566,"京都府 ","大原観光プロジェクトチーム","工芸・美術品","阿弥陀如来像 ","あみだにょらいぞう","Amida Buddha Statue","阿弥陀如来像は、阿弥陀寺の本堂の祭壇の右側にあり、政府によって重要文化財に指定されています。","A wooden statue of Amida Buddha, the Buddha of Limitless Light, stands to the right of the altar in the main hall of Amida Temple. This statue, is an Important Cultural Asset. ","※阿弥陀寺説明文からから抜粋"]
[2567,"京都府 ","大原観光プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","江文神社","えぶみじんじゃ","Ebumi Shrine","江文神社は、伝統的な月日数である30日間のそれぞれの名前に使用される「神」が宿る全国30の神社の1つでもあります。","Ebumi Shrine is one of 30 shrines across the country that has a god associated with one of the 30 days of the traditional month. "]
[2568,"京都府 ","大原観光プロジェクトチーム","年中行事","八朔踊り","はっさくおどり","Hassaku Odori ","江文神社は年間を通じて多くの祭りやお祝いが行われる場所であり、その中でも最も有名なのは毎年恒例の八朔踊りです。","Ebumi Shrine hosts a number of festivals and celebrations throughout the year, the most famous of which is the annual Hassaku Odori Dance Festival. "]
[2569,"京都府 ","大原観光プロジェクトチーム","建造物等","惟喬親王墓","これたかしんのうはか","Grave of Prince Koretaka","地元の伝説によると、惟喬皇子は、近くを流れる小さな川が京都に到達する大きな川に最終的に流れ込み、彼の魂が古代の首都に戻ることができると信じていたため、この場所に埋葬されました。","According to local legend, Prince Koretaka wished to be buried at this spot because a nearby stream flows into the Takano River, which eventually reaches Kyoto. He believed that his spirit would be able to return to the ancient capital by following the stream."]
[2570,"京都府 ","大原観光プロジェクトチーム","庭園・公園","聚碧園 ","しゅうへきえん","Shuheki-en Garden","聚碧園は「緑を集める庭園」という意味です。秋の数ヶ月間で最も美しく庭園を覆い尽くすもみじ木があります。","Shuheki-en means “the Garden That Gathers Green,” though its sweeping maple trees are at their most beautiful in the autumn. ","※三千院説明文から抜粋"]
[2571,"京都府 ","大原観光プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","宸殿","しんでん","Shinden Main Hall","本堂である宸殿は、元々は三千院の設計の一部ではなく、京都の中心地にあった建物です。明治後期（1868-1912）に境内に追加されたものです。","The Shinden, or Main Hall, was not part of the original design for Sanzen-in Temple. In fact, it previously stood in central Kyoto and wasn’t moved to Sanzen-in until the late Meiji era (1868–1912). ","※三千院説明文から抜粋"]
[2572,"京都府 ","大原観光プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","往生極楽院","おうじょうごくらくいん","Ojo-Gokuraku-in","往生極楽院、またの名を阿弥陀堂は、986年に恵心僧都と妹の安養尼父母の菩提のために建てられました。1143年に再建されました。","Ojo-Gokuraku-in, also known as Amida Hall, was constructed in 986 by the priest Eshin Sozu (942–1017) and his sister Anyo Ni (953–1034) as a memorial to their late parents. It was most recently reconstructed in 1143. ","※三千院説明文から抜粋"]
[2573,"京都府 ","大原観光プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","出世稲荷神社","しゅっせいなりじんじゃ","Shusse Inari Shrine ","伝説によると、天皇が、この神社をそれ以後出世稲荷神神社と呼ぶことを宣言した、とされている。","According to lore, after praying, the emperor declared that the shrine would henceforth be known as Shusse Inari Shrine. "]
[2574,"京都府 ","大原観光プロジェクトチーム","庭園・公園","契心園","けいしんえん","Keishin-en Garden","客殿のすぐ南にある契心園は、江戸時代後期（1603-1868）に作られました。","Keishin-en Garden was created in the late Edo period (1603–1867), directly to the south of Kyakuden Hall. ","※実光院説明文から抜粋"]
[2575,"京都府 ","大原観光プロジェクトチーム","人物・人名・役職名","良忍","りょうにん","Ryonin","良忍は日本の仏教の宗派のひとつである融通念佛宗の創始者である。1190年に廃寺となっていた来迎院を再興した。 ","Sho-o Daishi Ryonin (1072–1132), the founder of the Yuzu Nenbutsu sect of Japanese Buddhism, restored Raigo-in Temple in 1109 after years of disuse. "]
[2576,"京都府 ","大原観光プロジェクトチーム","植物","不断桜","ふだんざくら","Fudan-zakura","しかし、実光院の敷地内にある「不断桜」のさまざまな枝は、世話をしている僧侶によると、花が咲く7か月の間に異なる時期に咲くと言います。その木の樹齢は約100年であると考えられている。 ","Typically, cherry trees bloom for only a few short weeks in March and April. According to the priests who tend this 100-year-old fudan-zakura, different limbs of the tree bloom at varying times over seven months. "]
[2577,"京都府 ","大原観光プロジェクトチーム","庭園・公園","額縁庭園","がくぶちていえん","The Framed Garden","日本仏教の天台宗の寺院であり、おそらくその客殿から見ることができる「額縁庭園」が最もよく知られています。 ","A place of worship for the Tendai sect of Japanese Buddhism, it is perhaps best known for the “framed garden” that can be viewed from its reception hall. ","※宝泉院説明文から抜粋"]
[2578,"京都府 ","大原観光プロジェクトチーム","庭園・公園","水琴窟","すいきんくつ","suikinkutsu ","「水琴の洞窟」と翻訳される「水琴窟」は、これらの詠唱を彷彿とさせる。\n客殿の「縁側」には、2本の膝ほどの高さまである竹筒が突き出ている木製のデッキがあります。","The suikinkutsu water music at Hosen-in is a unique experience. It can be heard from the external walkway at the back of the reception hall, where there is a bamboo deck. ","※宝泉院説明文から抜粋"]
[2579,"京都府 ","大原観光プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","宿坊","しゅくぼう","Shukubo","「宿坊」または寺の宿舎に宿泊したい人は、仏教の僧侶の簡素で伝統的な生活スタイルをよく理解するために、いくつかのマナーのルールを守ることが求められる。","Guests who wish to stay in the shukubo, or temple lodgings, are expected to follow basic rules of etiquette that conform to the lifestyle of Buddhist priests. ","※浄蓮華院説明文から抜粋"]
[2580,"京都府 ","大原観光プロジェクトチーム","工芸・美術品","三如来坐像","さんにょらいざぞう","Three Main Buddhist Statues","3体の「本尊」は、薬師如来、釈迦如来、そして阿弥陀如来である。","The three main Buddhas are the Yakushi Nyorai Buddha, the Shakamuni Buddha, and the Amida Nyorai Buddha. ","※来迎院説明文から抜粋"]
[2581,"京都府 ","大原観光プロジェクトチーム","滝","音無の滝","おとなしのたき","Otonashi Falls","「音のしない滝」の意味である音無の滝として知られるこの滝は、来迎院から山道を少し入ったところにある。","Otonashi Falls is located in the forest a short distance from Raigo-in Temple. ","※来迎院説明文から抜粋"]
[2582,"京都府 ","大原観光プロジェクトチーム","芸能・興行・イベント","声明","しょうみょう","Shomyo ","声明とは仏教音楽の一つです。声明はインドから始まって、中国に伝わりました。中国の中でも声明が特にさかんに行われたのは山東省の魚山というところでした。","Shomyo is a style of Buddhist chanting that developed in India before arriving in China, where it became particularly popular in Gyosan, Shandong Province. ","※来迎院説明文から抜粋"]
[2583,"京都府 ","大原観光プロジェクトチーム","その他","こぶし","こぶし","kobushi","演歌と呼ばれる日本の歌謡曲には、「こぶし」と呼ばれる独特の歌い方がありますが、これには声明の影響が感じられます。","Japanese enka songs incorporate a unique way of singing known as kobushi, which is influenced by shomyo chanting. ","※来迎院説明文から抜粋"]
[2584,"京都府 ","大原観光プロジェクトチーム","植物","姫小松","ひめこまつ","Hime Komatsu","寂光院の庭にある「姫小松」は、「平家物語」で、1185年に寺院に入居した建礼門院が、義理の父である後白河法皇に最後の別れを告げる場所として言及されています。 ","Hime Komatsu, or the “little pine tree,” is mentioned in the mid-thirteenth century literary work The Tale of the Heike when Kenreimon-in (1155–1214) bids a final farewell to her adoptive father, the former Emperor Go-Shirakawa (1127–1192).","※寂光院説明文から抜粋"]
[2585,"京都府","京都・南山城古寺等文化財普及推進協議会","書物","万葉集","まんようしゅう","Man’yoshu","南山城から奈良の様々な（今では有名な）寺院のために必要な物資が集められ、川を下り泉河の港で陸揚げされて、奈良県へと運ばれていく行程が、日本最古の編纂詩集である万葉集に、書かれています。","The Man’yoshu, the oldest existing collection of Japanese poetry, which was compiled in the eighth century, has a section detailing the process of collecting materials needed for various (now famous) temples of Nara from Minami Yamashiro and transporting them downstream to Izumi River Port."]
[2586,"京都府","京都・南山城古寺等文化財普及推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","一休宗純","いっきゅうそうじゅん","Ikkyu Sojun","酬恩庵は、禅僧として名高い一休宗純によって1456年に再興されたことにより「一休寺」として広く親しまれています。","Shuon’an is popularly known as Ikkyuji due to its association with Ikkyu Sojun, the famed Buddhist priest and Zen master who revived the temple in 1456."]
[2587,"京都府","京都・南山城古寺等文化財普及推進協議会","建造物等","唐様","からよう","Chinese Tang-style","山城・大和地方（京都府から奈良県にかけての南部地域）の唐様建築の中で、もっとも古い建造物です。","Its construction is believed to have been ordered due to the religious conversion of the shogun at the time and is the oldest extant example of Chinese Tang-style temple architecture in the Yamashiro and Yamato areas (southern region of Kyoto prefecture including parts of Nara prefecture)."]
[2588,"京都府","京都・南山城古寺等文化財普及推進協議会","庭園・公園","禅苑庭園","ぜんえんていえん","Zen garden","南庭は、海をイメージして造られ、瑞々しい木々、ツツジ、西側には大きい蘇鉄が植えられ、典型的な禅苑庭園です。","The southern section is designed to recall the sea and consists of a classical Zen garden with lush greenery, including azaleas and large sago palms on its western end."]
[2589,"京都府","京都・南山城古寺等文化財普及推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","千手観音","せんじゅかんのん","Thousand-Armed Kannon","寿宝寺の本尊として、重要文化財である「千手観音」が祀られています。","Enshrined in the reliquary is Juhoji Temple’s principal deity, the Thousand-Armed Kannon, which has been designated as an Important Cultural Property."]
[2590,"京都府","京都・南山城古寺等文化財普及推進協議会","建造物等","一木造り","いちぼくづくり","one single piece of wood","寿宝寺の本尊は、平安時代（794－1185）後期に造られた一本造りの珍しい仏像です。","This statue of the Thousand-Armed Kannon Bodhisattva was made in the latter half of the Heian period (794–1185) from one single piece of wood."]
[2591,"京都府","京都・南山城古寺等文化財普及推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","十一面観音","じゅういちめんかんのん","Eleven-Headed Kannon","大御堂観音寺の御本尊は十一面観音で、この寺の建立時から祀られているものです。","The principal deity of Omido Kannonji Temple is a Standing Eleven-Headed Kannon Bodhisattva statue thought to have been enshrined here since the temple’s foundation."]
[2592,"京都府","京都・南山城古寺等文化財普及推進協議会","書物","今昔物語","こんじゃくものがたり","Konjaku Monogatari","平安時代後期（794－1185）に書かれた、インド、中国、日本の有名な説話集である『今昔物語』に登場することから、蟹満寺（または「蟹に満ちた寺」）は有名です。","Kanimanji Temple gained its fame from being mentioned in Konjaku Monogatari (“Tales of Times Now Past”), a famous collection of tales from India, China, and Japan compiled during the late Heian period (794–1185)."]
[2593,"京都府","京都・南山城古寺等文化財普及推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","山岳信仰","さんがくしんこう","mountain asceticism","神童寺は、閑静な街にある小さな寺院です。ここは、山岳仏教が栄えた地で、神道と仏教の両方の信仰を合せ持つ山岳信仰であり、修験者集団の勢力と影響力が長く続きました。","Jindoji Temple is a small Buddhist temple located in a quiet town. This is an area where mountain Buddhism has prospered, and practitioners of Shugendo, a type of Japanese mountain asceticism that incorporates both Shinto and Buddhist concepts, have long had power and influence. "]
[2594,"京都府","京都・南山城古寺等文化財普及推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","愛染明王","あいぜんみょうおう","Aizen Myo-o","「愛染明王」は、世俗的な欲望を精神的な悟りに変える仏様として広く知られています。","Aizen Myo-o is popularly known as a deity that transforms worldly desire into spiritual awakening."]
[2595,"京都府","京都・南山城古寺等文化財普及推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","不動明王","ふどうみょうおう","Fudo Myo-o","不動明王は、信者を守り激しく慈悲深い愛を持って導く「明王」です。","Fudo Myo-o is a Wise King believed to protect the faithful and to guide followers with the fierce love of a parent."]
[2596,"京都府","京都・南山城古寺等文化財普及推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","仏舎利","ぶっしゃり","busshari","この塔はお釈迦様(シッダールタ)の遺骨である仏舎利を安置するために建てられました。","The pagoda was constructed to serve as a reliquary for busshari, the precious physical remains of Shaka Nyorai, the historical Buddha otherwise known as Prince Siddhartha."]
[2597,"京都府","京都・南山城古寺等文化財普及推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","貞慶","じょうけい","Jokei","遺骨の骨片は「仏舎利」と呼ばれ、中興の解脱上人貞慶(1155－1213)が上皇から拝領した仏舎利二粒を海住山寺に安置しました。","In 1214, Jokei (1155–1213), an influential Buddhist monk, bestowed two pieces of busshari he received from the emperor to Kaijusenji Temple. This five-storied pagoda was built to enshrine them."]
[2598,"京都府","京都・南山城古寺等文化財普及推進協議会","建造物等","裳階","もこし","mokoshi","五重塔が最初に建てられた時、5つの層だけで一番下の層（裳階）はありませんでしたが、十数年後に裳階が取り付けられました。","The original construction did not include a mokoshi (skirt story, or secondary roof), but one was added decades later."]
[2599,"京都府","京都・南山城古寺等文化財普及推進協議会","建造物等","茅葺き屋根","かやぶきやね","thatched roof","本堂は大きな茅葺き屋根を持つ17世紀の代表的な寺院建築であり、庭園では毎年干し柿が作られる柿の木が茂っています。","The main hall is an excellent example of seventeenth-century temple design, built with a large thatched roof, and the grounds are lush with persimmon trees."]
[2600,"京都府","京都・南山城古寺等文化財普及推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","末寺","まつじ","subtemple","12世紀後半には、世界遺産である平等院の末寺として改宗されました。","In the latter half of the twelfth century, Zenjoji Temple was converted into a subtemple of Byodoin Temple, a World Heritage Site located in Uji, Kyoto."]
[2601,"京都府","京都・南山城古寺等文化財普及推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","曹洞宗寺院","そうとうしゅうじいん","Soto Zen Temple","その後、1680年に曹洞宗寺院に改宗される前、数世紀に渡り寺院は廃れてしまいました。","The temple subsequently fell into disuse for a few centuries before it was converted into a Soto Zen Temple in 1680."]
[2602,"京都府","京都・南山城古寺等文化財普及推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","日光菩薩","にっこうぼさつ","Nikko Bosatsu","日光菩薩（日光の仏様）","Nikko Bosatsu (Sunlight Bodhisattva)"]
[2603,"京都府","京都・南山城古寺等文化財普及推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","月光菩薩","がっこうぼさつ","Gakko Bosatsu","月光菩薩（月光の仏様）","Gakko Bosatsu (Moonlight Bodhisattva)"]
[2604,"京都府","京都・南山城古寺等文化財普及推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","四天王","してんのう","Shitenno","四天王","Shitenno (Four Heavenly Kings)"]
[2605,"京都府","京都・南山城古寺等文化財普及推進協議会","工芸・美術品","文殊菩薩騎士像","もんじゅぼさつきしぞう","Monju Bosatsu kishizo","文殊菩薩騎士像（獅子に乗った仏様）","Monju Bosatsu kishizo (Manjusri Bodhisattva riding a lion)"]
[2606,"京都府","京都・南山城古寺等文化財普及推進協議会","工芸・美術品","地蔵菩薩踏下像","じぞうぼさつふみさげぞう","Jizo Bosatsu fumisagezo","地蔵菩薩踏下蔵（延命地蔵）","Jizo Bosatsu fumisagezo (Life-Prolonging Jizo Bodhisattva)"]
[2607,"京都府","京都・南山城古寺等文化財普及推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","大威徳明王","だいいとくみょうおう","Daiitoku Myo-o","大威徳明王（死の征服者）","Daiitoku Myo-o (Conqueror of Death)"]
[2608,"京都府","京都・南山城古寺等文化財普及推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","磨崖仏","まがいぶつ","Magaibutsu","現在、笠置寺は、高さ16mの巨石「磨崖仏」（岩石の表面に刻まれた仏様）でとても有名です。","Today, the temple is best known for its enormous 16 m–tall Magaibutsu (Buddhist figures carved into boulders). "]
[2609,"京都府","京都・南山城古寺等文化財普及推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","弥勒菩薩","みろくぼさつ","Miroku Bosatsu","弥勒菩薩は、未来のこの世界に現れ、釈迦がこの世界からいなくなった後、悟りを開き多くの人々を救済する菩薩であるとされています。","Miroku Bosatsu is a bodhisattva who will arrive on earth sometime in the future to achieve complete enlightenment and save humanity. "]
[2610,"京都府","京都・南山城古寺等文化財普及推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","末法思想","まっぽうしそう","Mappo ideology ","1052年、日本で「末法」思想が盛んになってきました。その結果、笠置寺は多くの信者を得ました。末法思想によると、仏教の教えが忘れ去られ、世の中が苦しみの中へ堕ちていく時が来るとされています。","By 1052, the pessimistic Mappo ideology had gained popularity in Japan, bringing many devotees to Kasagidera Temple. According to this Buddhist theory, there will come a time when the teachings of the Buddha are forgotten, and the world will deteriorate into universal suffering. "]
[2611,"京都府","京都・南山城古寺等文化財普及推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","浄土","じょうど","Pure Land","浄土園のデザインは「浄土」を再現しようとしており、意識的な生活の過程の仏教の概念を呼び起こしています。","A Jodo Garden design attempts to replicate the Pure Land on earth and calls to mind Buddhist notions of conscientious living."]
[2612,"京都府","京都・南山城古寺等文化財普及推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","極楽","ごくらく","Amida’s paradise","三重塔と本堂の間にある池は、この世とあの世の間の海を模していると同時に、阿弥陀の世界（極楽）の象徴でもあります。","The pond also serves as a symbol of Amida’s paradise. "]
[2613,"京都府","京都・南山城古寺等文化財普及推進協議会","建造物等","寄木造り","よせぎづくり","yosegizukuri","一番大きな阿弥陀如来像が修復された際、阿弥陀如来がモチーフとなった木版画が仏像の中からいくつか発見されました。","These statues were built using yosegizukuri, or joined woodblock technique, and they are hollow on the inside."]
[2614,"京都府","京都・南山城古寺等文化財普及推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","お彼岸の日","おひがんのひ","day of the spring and autumn equinox","お彼岸の日(春分・秋分)に当たる日にも参拝することができ、この日は浄瑠璃寺にとって特別な日です。","It is also viewable on the day of the spring and autumn equinox, which are particularly special for the temple. "]
[2615,"京都府","環境省京都御苑管理事務所","建造物等","蛤御門","はまぐりごもん","Hamaguri Gomon","この門の蛤御門という名前は、御所内の邸宅の多くを炎上させた大火にちなんでいます。","The gate acquired its name Hamaguri Gomon (“Clam Gate”) after a great fire burnt down many of the buildings within the compound."]
[2616,"京都府","環境省京都御苑管理事務所","社会","禁門の変","きんもんのへん","Kinmon Incident","この門は禁門の変（別名蛤御門の変）の舞台としても有名です。","This gate is also famed as the site of the Kinmon Incident (Kinmon no Hen), also known as the Hamaguri Imperial Gate Incident."]
[2617,"京都府","環境省京都御苑管理事務所","人物・人名・役職名","閑院宮家","かんいんのみやけ"," Kan-in no Miya family","1710年にも設立された閑院宮家は江戸時代につくられた四親王家の中で最も新しい宮家です。","Founded in 1710, the Kan-in no Miya family was the youngest of the four additional imperial houses created in the Edo period."]
[2618,"京都府","環境省京都御苑管理事務所","河川・渓谷","出水の小川","でみずのおがわ","Demizu Stream","出水の小川は御溝水から水を引いた小さなせせらぎです。","The Demizu Stream is a tiny brook that draws its water from the Mikawa-mizu."]
[2619,"京都府","環境省京都御苑管理事務所","人物・人名・役職名","賀陽宮","かやのみや","Kaya no Miya","この場所にはカヤの巨木が生えていたため、親王は賀陽宮という呼び名でも呼ばれるようになりました。","A large Japanese torreya (kaya) tree grew on these grounds, giving the prince the nickname, Kaya no Miya."]
[2620,"京都府","環境省京都御苑管理事務所","人物・人名・役職名","西園寺家","さいおんじけ","Saionji","西園寺家は、琵琶の宗家であり、文化的活動にも貢献した有力政治家を数多く輩出したことで知られる貴族の名門です。","The Saionji were a prominent noble family that headed a school of Japanese lute (biwa) music and included many powerful political figures renowned for their cultural activities."]
[2621,"京都府","環境省京都御苑管理事務所","史跡","琵琶殿","びわどの","Biwadono residence","平安初期の関白藤原基経がこの枇杷殿に住んでいました。その後、三男の藤原仲平に受け継がれ、それ以来、この邸宅は天皇家にゆかりのある貴族たちが代々受け継いできました。","The regent Fujiwara no Mototsune (836–891) lived here during the early Heian Period. The Biwadono residence was passed down to his third son, Nakahira (875–945), and was later occupied by generations of noblemen and women related to the imperial family."]
[2622,"京都府","環境省京都御苑管理事務所","植物","椋の木","むくのき","muku tree","この神々しい樹齢300年の古木は、公家の清水谷家の邸宅の敷地内に数本ある椋の木のうちのひとつです","This venerable muku tree (Aphananthe aspera) has stood in the estate garden of the noble Shimizudani family for over 300 years."]
[2623,"京都府","環境省京都御苑管理事務所","史跡","縣井","あがたい","Agatai","縣井という名は、すでに十世紀には、著名な『大和物語』や、二番目の勅撰和歌集である『後撰和歌集』といった、重要な文学作品に現れています。"," The name “Agatai” appears as early as the 10th century in two important works of literature, the famous Tales of Yamato (Yamato-monogatari) and the Gosen wakashu, the second anthology of poetry ever commissioned by a reigning emperor.   "]
[2624,"京都府","環境省京都御苑管理事務所","人物・人名・役職名","近衞家","このえけ"," Konoe family ","近衞家は江戸時代の終わりまで五摂家の一角を構成していた有力貴族です。","The Konoe family was one of the five houses whose family members served as regents or chancellors from the 12th century until the end of the Edo Period."]
[2625,"京都府","環境省京都御苑管理事務所","人物・人名・役職名","橋本家","はしもとけ"," Hashimoto family","橋本家は、多くの有名な政治家や歌人を輩出した名門、西園寺家の分家です。","The Hashimoto family was a branch of the illustrious Saionji family, many of whose members attained renown as poets or political figures."]
[2626,"京都府","環境省京都御苑管理事務所","史跡","京都学習院","きょうとがくしゅういん","Kyoto Gakushuin","明治時代が始まり、東京に皇居が移された際に、京都学習院も閉校となりました。","When the Imperial Palace moved to Tokyo at the start of the Meiji Period, the Kyoto Gakushuin was closed."]
[2627,"京都府","環境省京都御苑管理事務所","史跡","桜町","さくらまち","Sakuramachi residence","敷地内には数多くの桜の木が植えられた美しい庭があったとされ、後に桜町邸として知られるようになりました。","The grounds here were noted for an abundance of cherry trees and a delightful garden that later became known as the Sakuramachi residence (cherry tree district). "]
[2628,"京都府","環境省京都御苑管理事務所","芸能・興行・イベント","博覧会","はくらんかい","exposition","京都の伝統的な工業製品を紹介するために、1871年、西本願寺で博覧会を開催することを決定します。","In order to showcase the traditional industrial products of the city, it was decided to hold Japan’s first exposition at Nishi Honganji Temple in 1871. "]
[2629,"京都府","環境省京都御苑管理事務所","人物・人名・役職名","鷹司家","たかつかさけ","Takatsukasa lineage","鷹司家は鎌倉時代中期に近衛家から分かれた五摂家のうちの一つです。","The Takatsukasa lineage belonged to one of the five regent houses that had separated from the Konoe family in the Kamakura period."]
[2630,"京都府","環境省京都御苑管理事務所","史跡","堺町御門","さかいまちごもん","Sakaimachi Gomon","境町御門の防御を任ぜられていた長州藩兵が駆けつけた時には、すでに会津藩と薩摩藩の兵士が門を占拠し、長州藩の兵士を御所から締め出していました。","Aizu and Satsuma soldiers managed to secure the Sakaimachi Gomon gate before the Choshu soldiers assigned to guard it could assemble. "]
[2631,"京都府","環境省京都御苑管理事務所","人物・人名・役職名","九條家","くじょうけ","Kujo family","九條家は、平安時代後期から、朝廷で最も重要な役職である摂政や関白を数多く輩出している五摂家のうちのひとつです。","The Kujo family is one of five houses whose members served time and again as regent or chancellor to the emperor, two of the most important positions in the Imperial Court from the late Heian period onwards."]
[2632,"京都府","環境省京都御苑管理事務所","集落・街","公家町","くげまち","nobles’ residential areas","これらの絵には公家町のにぎやかな風景が描かれています。","The pictures below show examples of life in the court nobles’ residential areas."]
[2633,"京都府","環境省京都御苑管理事務所","社会","東京遷都","とうきょうせんと","capital’s move to Tokyo","1869年の東京遷都は、京都の人々にとっては受け入れ難い変化でした。","The capital’s move to Tokyo in 1869 began a difficult transition for the people of Kyoto."]
[2634,"京都府","環境省京都御苑管理事務所","年中行事","即位式","そくいしき"," enthronement","大正天皇の即位式の準備では、建礼門前の道幅の拡張工事や、外壁沿いのウバメガシの植林などが行われました。","Preparations began for the enthronement of the Emperor’s heir Taisho (1879–1926) when he succeeded to his father’s position, including the widening of the path in front of the Kenrei-mon Gate, and the planting of ubame oaks along the perimeter walls."]
[2635,"京都府","環境省京都御苑管理事務所","芸能・興行・イベント","自然観察会","しぜんかんさつかい","Nature-watching gatherings","地域の自然や植物を知ることへの興味が人々の間で増していることを反映して、今日は、自然観察会などの取り組みも盛んになっています。","Nature-watching gatherings grew in popularity around this time, reflecting the increasing interest of the public in learning about the local flora and fauna."]
[2636,"京都府","環境省京都御苑管理事務所","建造物等","大宮御所","おおみやごしょ"," Omiya Imperial Palac","大宮御所は退位した後水尾天皇の妻東福門院（徳川和子）の邸宅として建設されました。","The Omiya Imperial Palace was built as the residence of Tofuku-monin (Tokugawa Masako (1607–1678), wife of retired Emperor Go-Mizunoo (1596–1680). "]
[2637,"京都府","環境省京都御苑管理事務所","建造物等","仙洞御所","せんとうごしょ","Sento Imperial Palace","仙洞御所は退位した天皇の邸宅として1630年に建てられたものです。","Sento Imperial Palace was built in 1630 as the residence for retired emperors."]
[2638,"大阪府 ","百舌鳥・古市古墳群世界文化遺産登録推進本部会議","史跡","古墳","こふん","burial mound or tomb","古墳へ向かう公共交通機関は限られているが、自転車での移動がとても楽だ。大通り沿いの歩道は広く、駐輪場もたくさんある。","Public transportation to the tombs is limited, but the area is extremely bike-friendly, with broad pavements along the main roads and plenty of bicycle parking. "]
[2639,"大阪府 ","百舌鳥・古市古墳群世界文化遺産登録推進本部会議","史跡","埴輪","はにわ","decorative terracotta figures","元々は、埴輪という装飾用の素焼の形象焼き物が外側の平らな面に並べられた。","Originally, rows of decorative terracotta figures called haniwa outlined the flat surfaces of the tumuli. "]
[2640,"大阪府 ","百舌鳥・古市古墳群世界文化遺産登録推進本部会議","その他","大阪の地平線","おおさかのちへいせん","Osaka skyline","堺市役所の 21 階にある展望ロビーからは、堺、大阪の地平線、地域にある多くの古墳群を 360 度見渡せる。","The Observation Lobby, located on the twenty-first floor of Sakai City Hall, offers a 360-degree view of Sakai, the greater Osaka skyline, and the area’s many kofun, or ancient burial mounds. "]
[2641,"大阪府 ","百舌鳥・古市古墳群世界文化遺産登録推進本部会議","組織・団体","宮内庁","くないちょう","Imperial Household Agency ","宮内庁が天皇に敬意を払って墓の内部調査をしていないため、誰の墓であったのかはおろか、何人が墓に埋められているのかも確認することはできない。","Since the Imperial Household Agency has not allowed excavation of the site out of respect for the Emperor, it is impossible to confirm who or even how many people have been entombed in the mound."]
[2642,"大阪府 ","百舌鳥・古市古墳群世界文化遺産登録推進本部会議","工芸・美術品","唐物","からもの","utensils made in China","彼は素朴な茶器を好み、中国から輸入された華やかな茶器（唐物）をもてはやしていた当時の「茶の湯」の様式を簡素化しようとした。","He sought to simplify the style that dominated the practice of the tea ceremony (chanoyu) during his lifetime. Contemporary styles favored the display of sumptuous utensils made in China (karamono) in contrast to Rikyū’s preferred simple tea utensils. "]
[2643,"大阪府 ","百舌鳥・古市古墳群世界文化遺産登録推進本部会議","建造物等","野外劇場","やがいげきじょう","outdoor auditorium","屋根は広大な階段で、野外劇場として使われることもあり、ここから周辺の梅林や桜の木を一望できる。","The roof is also an enormous stairway that is sometimes used as an outdoor auditorium or as an outlook on the surrounding groves of plum and cherry trees."]
[2644,"大阪府 ","百舌鳥・古市古墳群世界文化遺産登録推進本部会議","動物","キジ","きじ","pheasant","公園はバードウォッチングに最適だ。キジや、ホトトギスや 、モズ、コゲラなどが観察できる。","The park is popular for bird watching, as pheasants, lesser cuckoos, bull-headed shrikes, pygmy woodpeckers and other birds can be observed there. "]
[2645,"大阪府 ","百舌鳥・古市古墳群世界文化遺産登録推進本部会議","動物","ホトトギス","ほととぎす","lesser cuckoo","公園はバードウォッチングに最適だ。キジや、ホトトギスや 、モズ、コゲラなどが観察できる。","The park is popular for bird watching, as pheasants, lesser cuckoos, bull-headed shrikes, pygmy woodpeckers and other birds can be observed there. "]
[2646,"大阪府 ","百舌鳥・古市古墳群世界文化遺産登録推進本部会議","動物","モズ","もず","bull-headed shrikes","公園はバードウォッチングに最適だ。キジや、ホトトギスや 、モズ、コゲラなどが観察できる。","The park is popular for bird watching, as pheasants, lesser cuckoos, bull-headed shrikes, pygmy woodpeckers and other birds can be observed there. "]
[2647,"大阪府 ","百舌鳥・古市古墳群世界文化遺産登録推進本部会議","動物","コゲラ","こげら","pygmy woodpecker","公園はバードウォッチングに最適だ。キジや、ホトトギスや 、モズ、コゲラなどが観察できる。","The park is popular for bird watching, as pheasants, lesser cuckoos, bull-headed shrikes, pygmy woodpeckers and other birds can be observed there. "]
[2648,"大阪府 ","百舌鳥・古市古墳群世界文化遺産登録推進本部会議","史跡","陪塚","ばいちょう\nばいづか","satellite tombs","古墳本体を囲む陪塚という小さなサイズの古墳が完成の度合いを分けて作られており、築造段階がより理解しやすくなっている。 ","Smaller satellite tombs that surround the main kofun are shown in various stages of completion so visitors can better understand the construction process."]
[2649,"大阪府 ","百舌鳥・古市古墳群世界文化遺産登録推進本部会議","史跡","木簡","もっかん","wooden tablets","この時代に漢字が書かれた例として残っているもののほとんどが木簡に書かれたものだ","Most of the examples of Chinese writing from this time that survive are written on wooden tablets called mokkan."]
[2650,"大阪府 ","百舌鳥・古市古墳群世界文化遺産登録推進本部会議","史跡","勾玉","まがたま","comma-shaped stone beads","3 世紀中頃から 4 世紀にかけての古墳に一般に見られるものには、勾玉と呼ばれる石の装飾物や儀式用銅鏡などがある。","Items commonly found in kofun from the mid-third to fourth century include comma-shaped stone beads called magatama and ceremonial bronze mirrors."]
[2651,"大阪府 ","百舌鳥・古市古墳群世界文化遺産登録推進本部会議","その他","鉄鋌","てってい","slabs of raw iron","鉄鋌という鉄板や鉄の武具もまた展示されている。","Slabs of raw iron called tettei and sets of iron armor are also on display. "]
[2652,"大阪府 ","百舌鳥・古市古墳群世界文化遺産登録推進本部会議","工芸・美術品","窯","かま","kiln","日本最古の製鉄用の炉はこの頃のもので、須恵器という新種の陶質土器の窯もこの頃に登場した。","The oldest discovered iron furnaces date from this time period, as do kilns that produced a new kind of pottery called Sue ware. "]
[2653,"大阪府 ","百舌鳥・古市古墳群世界文化遺産登録推進本部会議","史跡","修羅","しゅら","wooden sledge, sleigh","古墳で見つかる木製の出土品は非常に珍しい。博物館に展示されている現存する最も重要な出土品の 2 つは修羅（木ぞり）で、古墳の築造時に巨大な石を運ぶために使われたと考えられている。","Finding wooden objects in a kofun is rare; two of the most important surviving objects on display are wooden sledges (shura), which are thought to have been used to move massive stones during the construction of a kofun. "]
[2654,"大阪府 ","百舌鳥・古市古墳群世界文化遺産登録推進本部会議","その他","溝","みぞ","ditch","巨大な土坡もあり、溝や壕に取り囲まれているものも多い","Some are massive mounds of earth, and many are surrounded by a ditch or moat."]
[2655,"大阪府 ","百舌鳥・古市古墳群世界文化遺産登録推進本部会議","史跡","壕","ごう\nほり","moat","巨大な土坡もあり、溝や壕に取り囲まれているものも多い","Some are massive mounds of earth, and many are surrounded by a ditch or moat."]
[2656,"大阪府 ","百舌鳥・古市古墳群世界文化遺産登録推進本部会議","工芸・美術品","朝鮮の織物技術","ちょうせんのおりものぎじゅつ","Korean weaving techniques","応神天皇は新しい朝鮮の織物技術と金属加工、陶器、漢字を日本にもたらした功績がある。 ","Ōjin is credited with bringing new technologies like Korean weaving techniques, metalworking, ceramics, and Chinese writing to the archipelago."]
[2657,"大阪府 ","百舌鳥・古市古墳群世界文化遺産登録推進本部会議","史跡","発掘","はっくつ","excavation","完全に発掘することは宮内庁によって許されてはいないものの、1988 年に古墳の南側と西側の部分的な発掘が行われた。","While the Imperial Household Agency has forbidden a full-scale excavation of the mound, archaeologists were permitted to conduct a small excavation on the south and west sides of the tomb in 1988. "]
[2658,"大阪府 ","百舌鳥・古市古墳群世界文化遺産登録推進本部会議","史跡","石棺","せっかん","sarcophagus","専門家は石に覆われた板は石棺であると考えているが、誰の墓であったかはわかっていない。","Experts believe that the stone-covered shaft leads down to a sarcophagus, but it is yet unknown who is interred there. "]
[2659,"大阪府 ","百舌鳥・古市古墳群世界文化遺産登録推進本部会議","岩石・洞窟","堆積層","たいせきぶつ","layers of sediment","1989 年に、この古墳の部分的な発掘作業が行われ、堆積層が検査された。","In 1989, archaeologists were able to excavate part of the mound and examine the layers of sediment. "]
[2660,"大阪府 ","百舌鳥・古市古墳群世界文化遺産登録推進本部会議","史跡","埋葬施設","まいぞうしせつ"," burial chamber","宮内庁が敬意を払って墓の内部を開いていないため、埋葬施設を開けて調査することはできない。","Since the Imperial Household Agency keeps the tomb sealed out of respect, it is not possible to open the burial chamber and investigate."]
[2661,"大阪府 ","百舌鳥・古市古墳群世界文化遺産登録推進本部会議","工芸・美術品","金銅製の装飾品","こんどうせいのそうしょくひん","gilt bronze ornaments","出土品の中で最も印象的なものは金銅製の魚形の装飾品だ。","Among the items found in the mound, one of the most impressive are gilt bronze ornaments shaped to look like fish. "]
[2662,"大阪府 ","百舌鳥・古市古墳群世界文化遺産登録推進本部会議","史跡","白鳥陵","はくちょうりょう","“mausoleum of the white bird” ","白鳥陵の名は、ヤマトタケルの伝説に由来する。","Hakuchōryō literally means “mausoleum of the white bird,” a reference to the legendary folk hero Yamato Takeru. "]
[2663,"大阪府 ","百舌鳥・古市古墳群世界文化遺産登録推進本部会議","史跡","前方後円墳","ぜんぽうこうえんふん","keyhole-shaped kofun","宮内庁は、この前方後円墳は第 24 代天皇である仁賢天皇の墓であると考えている。","According to the Imperial Household Agency, this keyhole-shaped kofun is the tomb of Emperor Ninken, the twenty-fourth emperor of Japan in the traditional order of succession."]
[2664,"大阪府 ","百舌鳥・古市古墳群世界文化遺産登録推進本部会議","その他","土手","どて","earth dams","周濠がめぐらされているが、土手が2つ築かれ、深い部分と浅い部分とに分かれている。","The mound is surrounded by a moat, but two earth dams split the moat into a deep and a shallow section."]
[2665,"大阪府 ","百舌鳥・古市古墳群世界文化遺産登録推進本部会議","社会","サーサーン朝","さーさーんちょう","Sassanid Empire","ペルシャは 224 年- 651 年の間サーサーン朝に統治されており、ガラス椀と 2012 年の長岡京市（京都府）の古墳で発見されたローマ帝国製ビーズは、品物が 早くも6 世紀に中近東やヨーロッパから日本へ運ばれてきたことを証明している。","The Sassanid Empire ruled Persia from 224 to 651 CE, and the glass bowl, along with the 2012 discovery of beads made in the Roman empire in a burial mound in the city of Nagaokakyō (Kyoto prefecture), provides evidence that goods traveled from the Middle East and Europe to Japan as early as the sixth century."]
[2666,"大阪府 ","百舌鳥・古市古墳群世界文化遺産登録推進本部会議","植物","紅葉","もみじ\nこうよう","foliage","夏から秋に変わるころには、鮮やかな紅葉が古墳を彩る。","As summer shifts into autumn, bright foliage covers the mounds."]
[2667,"大阪府 ","百舌鳥・古市古墳群世界文化遺産登録推進本部会議","高原・湿原・原野","大阪平野","おおさかひらの","Osaka Plain","大阪平野南部に点在する古墳群からの発見により、日本がアジア諸国と文化的・技術的交流を持っていたことがわかり、古代日本の人々の暮らしの様子について知ることができる。","Discoveries from the many kofun that dot the southern Osaka Plain show evidence of Japanese cultural and technological exchange with the rest of Asia and provide important insights about life in ancient Japan. "]
[2668,"大阪府 ","百舌鳥・古市古墳群世界文化遺産登録推進本部会議","植物","花しょうぶ","はなしょうぶ","Japanese iris","桜、花しょうぶ、その他の草花を目当てに写真愛好家たちやピクニック客たちが古墳を周回する小道を散策する。","Cherry blossoms, Japanese iris, and other flowers attract photographers and picnickers to stroll the path that encircles the mound."]
[2669,"大阪府 ","百舌鳥・古市古墳群世界文化遺産登録推進本部会議","植物","柿","かき","persimmon"," 柿、サクランボ、梅などの多様な木々が、今も古墳の斜面と土台部を覆っている。","A variety of trees, including persimmon, cherry, and plum, still cover the slopes and base of the mound. "]
[2670,"大阪府 ","百舌鳥・古市古墳群世界文化遺産登録推進本部会議","植物","藤","ふじ","wisteria","「藤（ふじ）」は花の名前で、寺には溢れんばかりに藤が生えている。","“Fuji” is also the Japanese word for wisteria, and the temple is full of wisteria."]
[2671,"大阪府 ","百舌鳥・古市古墳群世界文化遺産登録推進本部会議","書物","延喜式","えんぎしき","collection of tenth-century texts on government regulations and ceremonial procedures","10世紀に律令の施行細則を記録した延喜式に書かれているように、官社に列せられた数千の神社のうちのひとつである。","It is one of a few thousand shrines that received offerings from the imperial court, as recorded in the Engishiki, a collection of tenth-century texts on government regulations and ceremonial procedures. "]
[2672,"大阪府 ","百舌鳥・古市古墳群世界文化遺産登録推進本部会議","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","菩薩","ぼさつ","bodhisattva","各顔は菩薩になるまでの段階を表わしている。 ","Each head represents a stage on the bodhisattva’s path."]
[2673,"大阪府 ","百舌鳥・古市古墳群世界文化遺産登録推進本部会議","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","絵馬","えま","votive tablet ","学生たちは大きな試験の前に神社を訪れ絵馬を掛ける。","Students go to these shrines to leave a votive tablet or ema before a large exam."]
[2674,"大阪府 ","大阪城パークマネジメント株式会社","城跡・城郭・宮殿","枡形","ますがた","fortified square","訪問者、もしくは攻撃者が大阪城（当時は大坂城）の城郭内奥深くまでたどり着くためには、まずはじめにこの枡形を通り抜ける必要があった。","To reach the innermost bailey of Osaka Castle, a visitor—or attacker—had to first pass through this fortified square. "]
[2675,"大阪府 ","大阪城パークマネジメント株式会社","建造物等","金箔瓦","きんぱくがわら","gilded tiles","初代の金箔瓦で飾られた天守閣は後に天下人となった豊臣秀吉（1537–1598）によって16世紀後半に建造された。","The first, an impressive structure decorated with gilded tiles, was built in the late sixteenth century by Hideyoshi Toyotomi (1537–1598), then Japan’s most powerful warlord."]
[2676,"大阪府 ","大阪城パークマネジメント株式会社","建造物等","照明器具","しょうめいきぐ","light fixtures ","1995年から1997年には大阪城の大規模な修繕が行われ、天守閣の外壁全体のクリーニングおよび改修、照明設備の設置、カーボンファイバーや鉄筋による梁や柱の補強が施された。","Between 1995 and 1997, the castle underwent a major restoration, during which the tower’s entire exterior was cleaned and repaired, light fixtures were added, and the beams and columns were reinforced with steel plates and carbon fiber."]
[2677,"大阪府 ","大阪城パークマネジメント株式会社","その他","炭素繊維","たんそせんい","carbon fiber","1995年から1997年には大阪城の大規模な修繕が行われ、天守閣の外壁全体のクリーニングおよび改修、照明設備の設置、カ炭素繊維や鉄筋による梁や柱の補強が施された。","Between 1995 and 1997, the castle underwent a major restoration, during which the tower’s entire exterior was cleaned and repaired, light fixtures were added, and the beams and columns were reinforced with steel plates and carbon fiber."]
[2678,"大阪府 ","大阪城パークマネジメント株式会社","城跡・城郭・宮殿","高麗門","こうらいもん","kōraimon","門は高麗門、すなわち文字通り、朝鮮門という意味であり、朝鮮風建築との類似性により名付けられた。","The gate is a kōraimon—literally, a “Korean gate,” likely named for its resemblance to Korean-style architecture. "]
[2679,"大阪府 ","大阪城パークマネジメント株式会社","建造物等","継手技術","つぎてぎじゅつ","joinery techniques","何世紀かを経るうちに木製の柱の根本が次第に劣化してきたため、大工たちはその劣化した部分のみを交換するため、伝統的な継手技術を使って新しい木をそこにはめ込んだ。","Over the centuries, as the bases of the wooden pillars deteriorated, carpenters have removed damaged sections and replaced them with new wood, intricately connecting fresh pieces to the pillars using traditional joinery techniques. "]
[2680,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","動物","鷺","さぎ","heron","姫路城は、そのそびえ立つ天守閣と白く輝く漆喰の壁から、白鷺城として知られ、日本で最も訪問者数の多い城である。","Himeji Castle, known as “White Heron Castle” for its soaring keep and brilliant white plaster walls, is Japan’s most-visited castle. "]
[2681,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","建造物等","襖","ふすま","interior doors","たとえば、西の丸内部の襖のデザインは、ここがかつて侍女たちの居住空間であったことを示している。","The design of the interior doors in the West Bailey, for example, indicate that it was once used as living quarters for ladies-in-waiting."]
[2682,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","天守閣","てんしゅかく","central keep","高さ45mの天守閣は日本国内で最も高い木造天守閣である。","The castle’s central keep, at over 45 meters high, is one of the tallest wooden keeps ever built in Japan."]
[2683,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","建造物等","破風の間","はふのま","gable room","天守閣の入り口の上の破風には天井の低い小さな部屋が一つある。","The gable above the entrance of the keep encloses a small room with a low ceiling."]
[2684,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","工芸・美術品","火縄銃","ひなわじゅう","matchlock guns","天井近くの小さな窓は火縄銃から出る煙を排出し、包囲攻撃されている際に視界を確保する役目を果たした。","Small windows near the ceiling vented smoke from the matchlock guns, to improve visibility during a siege."]
[2685,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","人物・人名・役職名","侍女","じじょ","ladies-in-waiting","たとえば、西の丸内部の襖のデザインは、ここがかつて侍女たちの居住空間であったことを示している。","The design of the interior doors in the West Bailey, for example, indicate that it was once used as living quarters for ladies-in-waiting."]
[2686,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","建造物等","木造梁","もくぞうはり","wood beam","木造梁の節は梁の全体的な強度を弱め、割れ目の原因となる。","Knots in a wood beam can weaken the beam’s overall strength and cause it to crack."]
[2687,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","植物","ケヤキ","けやき","zelkova","これを防ぐため、天守閣の木材の節を削り取り、サクラやケヤキのような固い木材で作られたさまざまな形の埋木が施されている。","To prevent this, knots in the keep’s timbers were cut out and filled with wooden plugs of various shapes made from hardwoods such as cherry or zelkova."]
[2688,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","建造物等","漆喰","しっくい","plaster","この改修は、その伝統的建築の要素と象徴的な白い漆喰を保存していくため、（現代のものではなく、）当時と同じ技術と素材を使用して行われた。","This restoration was performed using period-accurate techniques and materials in order to preserve its classical architectural elements and signature white plaster."]
[2689,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","建造物等","軒天","のきてん","eaves","屋根の瓦はすべて剥がして検査され、屋根が修復された際には、その80%が再利用された・耐震補強が地下、1階、6階に施され、軒天、破風そして屋根の装飾が完全修復された。","Earthquake-resistant reinforcements were added to the castle foundations, first floor, and sixth floor, and the castle’s eaves, gables, and roof ornaments were completely repaired."]
[2690,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","建造物等","破風","はふ","gables","屋根の瓦はすべて剥がして検査され、屋根が修復された際には、その80%が再利用された・耐震補強が地下、1階、6階に施され、軒天、破風そして屋根の装飾が完全修復された。","Earthquake-resistant reinforcements were added to the castle foundations, first floor, and sixth floor, and the castle’s eaves, gables, and roof ornaments were completely repaired."]
[2691,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","櫓門","やぐらもん","gatehouse","複数の門、そして櫓門が姫路城の入口を防御している。","A series of sturdy gates and gatehouses protects the entrance to Himeji Castle. "]
[2692,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","狭間","さま","loopholes","姫路城の壁には997の狭間がある。","There are 997 loopholes built into the walls of Himeji Castle. "]
[2693,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","建造物等","黒漆","くろうるし","black lacquer","小天守の2つは、天守閣の隣の西側と北西側に、仏教寺院から借用したデザインである黒漆と金箔で装飾された鐘形の窓を備えている。","Two of the smaller keeps, on the west and northwest sides next to the main keep, feature bell-shaped windows decorated with black lacquer and gold leaf, a design borrowed from Buddhist temples."]
[2694,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","建造物等","金箔","きんぱく","gold leaf","小天守の2つは、天守閣の隣の西側と北西側に、仏教寺院から借用したデザインである黒漆と金箔で装飾された鐘形の窓を備えている。","Two of the smaller keeps, on the west and northwest sides next to the main keep, feature bell-shaped windows decorated with black lacquer and gold leaf, a design borrowed from Buddhist temples."]
[2695,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","胸壁","きょうへき","parapets","姫路城の巨大な石造りの壁の上部には、土と石膏で作られた胸壁がある。","Himeji’s huge stone retaining walls are topped with parapets made of earth and plaster."]
[2696,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","植物","菱","ひし","hishi (water chestnut)","門の名前は、入り口の上の菱の彫刻に由来している。","The gate takes its name from the image of a water chestnut over the entrance."]
[2697,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","備前丸","びぜんまる","The Bizen Bailey","天守閣の東の備前丸は元々大名の住居であり、この門はその内部への唯一の門であった。","The Bizen Bailey to the east of the keep was originally the daimyo lord’s residence, and this gate was the only way inside. "]
[2698,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","西の丸長局","にしのまるながつぼね","West Bailey gallery","長年の不十分な管理のために西の丸長局一部が崩れ、大規模な整備の必要性が明らかになった。","The collapse of part of the West Bailey gallery after years of inadequate upkeep demonstrates the need for a major overhaul."]
[2699,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","その他","寸","すん","sun (3.0303cm)","それぞれ直径が4寸，すなわち12.12センチメートル","(…) each at least four sun, or 12.12 centimeters, in diameter"]
[2700,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","集落・街","材木町","ざいもくまち","Zaimoku-machi (lumber town)","新しい地域には材木町や鷹匠町を含んだ居住者の職業によって名付けられたものもあった。","Some of the new areas were named for their residents’ occupations, including Zaimoku-machi (lumber town) and Takajō-machi (falconer town)."]
[2701,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","集落・街","鷹匠町","たかじょうまち","Takajō-machi (falconer town)","新しい地域には材木町や鷹匠町を含んだ居住者の職業によって名付けられたものもあった。","Some of the new areas were named for their residents’ occupations, including Zaimoku-machi (lumber town) and Takajō-machi (falconer town)."]
[2702,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","集落・街","紺屋","こうや/こんや","cloth-dyer ","例えば塩町(塩の町)、白銀町(銀の町)、魚町(魚の町)や紺屋町(染め物の町)などがある。","(…) such as Shio-machi (salt town), Shirogane-machi (silver town), Uo-machi (fish town), and Konya-machi (cloth-dyer town)."]
[2703,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","要塞","ようさい","old fortifications","時々、この古い要塞（城下町）は手を加えて別の目的で再利用されることもあった。","Sometimes, the old fortifications were modified and used for other purposes."]
[2704,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","建造物等","代赭","たいしゃ","taisha","その中には松の木の葉を作るために使われた緑と枝を描くために使われた｢代赭｣と呼ばれる赤みがかった茶色があった。","They identified several pigments, including two kinds of green that were used to create the tree’s needles, and a reddish-brown paint called taisha that was used for the branches. "]
[2705,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","植物","コケ","こけ","moss","コケが｢草の汁｣を使って加えられた。","The moss was added with kusanoshiru and the white-green paint used for the undercoat of the needles."]
[2706,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","多門櫓","たもんやぐら","tamon yagura","江戸時代に建造された城はたいてい、少なくとも｢多門櫓｣を一つ備えている－それは両端に見張り台のある部屋で長くそして十分防備が強化された廊下－が無ければどんな城も完成ではなかった。","Castles built during the Edo period (1603–1867) typically included at least one tamon yagura—a long, well-fortified gallery of rooms with watchtowers at each end. "]
[2707,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","高原・湿原・原野","姫路平野","ひめじへいや","Himeji Plain","地元の武将であった赤松貞則(1306－1374)が、姫路平野を見渡す小さな丘だったところに簡単な砦を建てたのが最初であったと信じられている。","Akamatsu Sadanori (1306–1374), a local warlord, is believed to have been the first to build a permanent structure here, erecting a simple fort on what was then a small hill overlooking the Himeji Plain. "]
[2708,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","その他","播磨地方","はりまちほう","province of Harima","彼は1580年、播磨地方の周囲を支配下におさめ、そして後に赤松氏の古い砦の場所に3階建ての天守閣と城郭を建てた。","He took control of the surrounding province of Harima in 1580, and he afterward built a three-story keep and bailey on the site of Akamatsu’s old fort."]
[2709,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","その他","備前地方","びぜんちほう","province of Bizen","彼の一族も近くの備前と淡路地方を支配し、池田家は西日本の最も強力な軍隊となった。","His clan also ruled the nearby provinces of Bizen and Awaji, making the Ikeda clan the most powerful force in western Japan."]
[2710,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","その他","淡路地方","あわじちほう","province of Awaji","彼の一族も近くの備前と淡路地方を支配し、池田家は西日本の最も強力な軍隊となった。","His clan also ruled the nearby provinces of Bizen and Awaji, making the Ikeda clan the most powerful force in western Japan."]
[2711,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","その他","石","こく","koku (13.5kg)","後に輝政は姫路とその周辺の藩の君主に任命され、米52万石という惜しみない給料、それはおよそ7,800万㎏すなわち52万人の人を1年間食べさせるのに十分な量をもらっていた。","Afterward, Terumasa was made lord of Himeji and its surrounding province, with a generous income of 520,000 koku of rice—roughly 78 million kilograms, or enough to feed 520,000 people for a year. "]
[2712,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","人物・人名・役職名","西国将軍","さいごくしょうぐん","saigoku shōgun—“Shogun of the West”","池田輝政は｢西国将軍｣、西の将軍として知られるようになった。","Ikeda Terumasa became known as saigoku shōgun—“Shogun of the West.”"]
[2713,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","中書丸","ちゅうしょまる","Chūshomaru","そして城は二人のために豪華な邸宅を取り入れるために拡張され、西の丸に中書丸と化粧(装飾の意味)櫓が、大手門近くの三の丸に武蔵野御殿が加えられた。","The castle was expanded to incorporate luxurious residences for the couple, leading to the addition of the Chūshomaru and the Keshō (ornamental) Tower in the West Bailey, and the Musashino Goten in the Third Bailey, near the Ōtemon Gate."]
[2714,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","化粧櫓","けしょうやぐら","Keshō Tower ","そして城は二人のために豪華な邸宅を取り入れるために拡張され、西の丸に中書丸と化粧(装飾の意味)櫓が、大手門近くの三の丸に武蔵野御殿が加えられた。","The castle was expanded to incorporate luxurious residences for the couple, leading to the addition of the Chūshomaru and the Keshō (ornamental) Tower in the West Bailey, and the Musashino Goten in the Third Bailey, near the Ōtemon Gate."]
[2715,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","武蔵野御殿","むさしのごてん","Musashino Goten ","そして城は二人のために豪華な邸宅を取り入れるために拡張され、西の丸に中書丸と化粧(装飾の意味)櫓が、大手門近くの三の丸に武蔵野御殿が加えられた。","The castle was expanded to incorporate luxurious residences for the couple, leading to the addition of the Chūshomaru and the Keshō (ornamental) Tower in the West Bailey, and the Musashino Goten in the Third Bailey, near the Ōtemon Gate."]
[2716,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","大手門","おおてもん","Ōtemon Gate","そして城は二人のために豪華な邸宅を取り入れるために拡張され、西の丸に中書丸と化粧(装飾の意味)櫓が、大手門近くの三の丸に武蔵野御殿が加えられた。","The castle was expanded to incorporate luxurious residences for the couple, leading to the addition of the Chūshomaru and the Keshō (ornamental) Tower in the West Bailey, and the Musashino Goten in the Third Bailey, near the Ōtemon Gate."]
[2717,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","シテンノウ","してんのう","shitennō or “Four Heavenly Kings” ","｢シテンノウ｣とは“4人の天の王”を意味し、4つの重要な方角を守る仏教における神々に由来する。","Together, they were known as the shitennō, or “Four Heavenly Kings,” after the four Buddhist deities who guard the four cardinal directions."]
[2718,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","社会","島原の乱","しまばらのらん","Shimabara Rebellion ","忠明の姫路への指名は、九州のキリスト教徒が幕府に対して武器を持って立ち上がった島原の乱（1637-1638）のすぐ後にやってきた。","Tadaakira’s appointment to Himeji came on the heels of the Shimabara Rebellion (1637–1638), when Christians in Kyūshū took up arms against the government. "]
[2719,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","集落・街","越後村上","えちごむらかみ","Echigo Murakami","そのため一家は現新潟県の越後村上に移された。","(…) and so the clan was transferred to Echigo Murakami, in present-day Niigata Prefecture."]
[2720,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","集落・街","豊後日田","ぶんごひた","Bungo Hita","越後高田の家中の確執に関係する罰として、直矩の石高は幕府によって大きく削減され、姫路から豊後日田へ異動させられていた。","As punishment for his involvement in an internal clan feud in Echigo Murakami, Naonori’s income was slashed by the shogunate and he was moved from Himeji to Bungo Hita. "]
[2721,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","集落・街","陸奥白河","むつしらかわ","province of Mutsu Shirakawa ","直矩は全部で6度異動させられ、姫路と越後村上のほかに、日田、陸奥白河、山形の藩主として務めを果たした。","Naonori was transferred a half-dozen times in all: in addition to Himeji, Echigo Murakami, and Bungo Hita, he served as lord of the provinces of Mutsu Shirakawa and Yamagata."]
[2722,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","社会","両","りょう","ryō","政岑は約40万USドルにも値する金3千両という大金を江戸(現在の東京)の有名な芸者に支払うことで倹約令を無視したのだった。","Masamine flouted an austerity order by paying 3,000 gold ryō—an enormous sum equivalent to roughly USD 400,000—to a famous geisha in Edo (now Tokyo). "]
[2723,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","社会","戊辰戦争","ぼしんせんそう","Boshin War","戊辰戦争(1868-1869)、それは新明治政府と追放された徳川の支持者を戦わせたものだったが、そのときは姫路出身の兵士が15代で最後の将軍である慶喜(1837-1913)を大阪城で守った。","During the Boshin War (1868–1869), which pitted supporters of the ousted Tokugawa against the new Meiji government, soldiers from Himeji protected the fifteenth and last shogun, Yoshinobu (1837–1913), at Osaka Castle."]
[2724,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","組織・団体","帝国陸軍第10連隊","ていこくりくぐんだいじゅうれんたい"," Imperial Army’s 10th Regiment","1873年に徴兵義務が導入され、城は軍事基地、つまり帝国陸軍第10連隊の本拠地となった。","With the introduction of mandatory conscription in 1873, the castle became a military base, home to the Imperial Army’s 10th Regiment. "]
[2725,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","物見櫓","ものみやぐら","watchtower","天守閣の近くにあるこの物見櫓のような建物はほとんど崩壊する寸前まで悪化し、それで明治時代(1868-1912)に最初の修復を促すこととなった。","Buildings like this watchtower near the keep deteriorated almost to the point of collapse, prompting the first restoration efforts during the Meiji era (1868–1912)."]
[2726,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","その他","城南パレードの敷地","じょうなんぱれーどのしきち","Jōnan Parade Ground","城南パレードの敷地","Jōnan Parade Ground"]
[2727,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","建造物等","シャチ","しゃち","shachi","シャチは日本の城の屋根に飾られる神話上の魚に似た生き物であり、それらは火事や他の脅威から建物を守ると信じられていた。","Shachi, mythical fish-like creatures that adorn the roofs of Japanese castles, were believed to protect the buildings from fire and other threats. "]
[2728,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","内郭","うちくるわ","uchi-kuruwa","｢内郭｣にある貯蔵所、それは城の中央の防衛環であるが、食料と燃料が入れられており包囲されたときには侍の兵舎として倍にすることができた。","Storehouses in the uchi-kuruwa—the castle town’s central defensive ring—contained food and fuel and could double as samurai barracks during a siege. "]
[2729,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","建造物等","材木枠の建物","ざいもくわくのたてもの","timber-frame buildings","姫路城の要塞と他の建物は材木枠の建物である。","The keep and other buildings at Himeji Castle are timber-frame buildings. "]
[2730,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","建造物等","打ち込みはぎ","うちこみはぎ","uchikomi-hagi (also uchikomi-hagi wall; or Wedged Stone Wall)","より複雑な｢打ち込みはぎ｣：石工が石の形を決めて掘り、そのため石はしっかり合わさるが排水には十分な余裕を残している。","A more complex uchikomi-hagi wall.Masons shaped the stones, to fit together securely while leaving enough space for drainage. "]
[2731,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","建造物等","屋根ふき","やねふき","thatching","多くの伝統的な屋根ふきの技術は、瓦作りから屋根ふきまで今日の日本でも使用されている。","Many traditional roofing techniques, from tile-making to thatching, are still used in Japan today."]
[2732,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","建造物等","建具技術","たてぐぎじゅつ","joinery technique","梁と床梁を延長するために使用された建具技術","Joinery technique used to extend beams and floor joists"]
[2733,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","その他","石灰","せっかい","lime","二種類の石灰、すなわち石からとれたものと貝殻からのものを準備する。","(…) start with two kinds of lime—one derived from stone, the other from shellfish. "]
[2734,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","植物","苆","すさ","susa","すりつぶした麻からできる繊維質の材料｢苆｣を加える。","Add susa, a fibrous material made from ground-up hemp (…)."]
[2735,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","建造物等","木舞","こまい","komai","建築者たちは｢木舞｣と呼ばれる竹の枠のような木と竹の格子を用意した。","Plaster is the last of the many layers that make up a castle wall. Builders started with a wood-bamboo trellis-like frame called a komai. "]
[2736,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","建造物等","切り込みはぎ","きりこみはぎ","kirikomi-hagi (or Trimmed Stone Wall)","も洗練された壁は｢切り込みはぎ｣で作られていた。それは石工が石をきれいに、そして正確に切りだしてわずかな隙間を残したなめらかで上手につながった壁を生み出したものだった。","The most refined walls were made by kirikomi-hagi, in which masons cut the stones cleanly and precisely to create a smooth, jointed wall with few gaps."]
[2737,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","建造物等","野面積み","のづらづみ","Piled Stone Wall, or nozura-zumi walls","野面積みの壁はなだらかで直線的な傾斜をしている。","Nozura-zumi walls have a gentle, linear slope."]
[2738,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","建造物等","算木積み","さんぎづみ","sangi-zumi","石の形作りと配置はどことなく大雑把であるが残っている。しかし壁は角のところで、煉瓦造りのように交互の構造になるよう詰められた、より正確に切られた石で補強されている。それは｢算木積み｣と呼ばれる技術である。","The shaping and placement of the stones remain somewhat rough, but the walls are reinforced at the corners by more precisely cut stones stacked in an alternating formation like brickwork, a technique called sangi-zumi."]
[2739,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","建造物等","窯","かま","kiln","姫路城の高度な耐性を持つ瓦は窯で摂氏1,150度で2時間から3時間焼いて作られた。","Himeji Castle’s highly durable roof tiles were fired in a kiln at 1,150 degrees Celsius for two to three hours. "]
[2740,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","動物","アゲハチョウ","あげはちょう","swallowtail butterfly","要塞の瓦にある家紋、アゲハチョウと桐の華は池田一族のもので、彼らは徳川将軍の下での最初の城主であった。","The crests on the tiles of the keep—a swallowtail butterfly and a paulownia flower—belong to the Ikeda clan, the first lords of the castle under the Tokugawa shoguns. "]
[2741,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","紋章等 ","桐の華","きりのはな","paulownia flower","要塞の瓦にある家紋、と桐の華は池田一族のもので、彼らは徳川将軍の下での最初の城主であった。","The crests on the tiles of the keep—a swallowtail butterfly and a paulownia flower—belong to the Ikeda clan, the first lords of the castle under the Tokugawa shoguns. "]
[2742,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","建造物等","鬼瓦","おにがわら","oni-gawara (“demon tiles”)","鬼瓦（悪魔の瓦）は屋根の棟の端を飾る装飾瓦である。","Oni-gawara (“demon tiles”) are ornamental tiles that adorn the ends of roof ridges. "]
[2743,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","建造物等","屏風","びょうぶ","folding screen","忠刻の祖父である本多忠勝(本多平八郎とも呼ばれた：1596－1626)の肖像画がある屏風","Folding screen with portrait of Honda Tadakatsu (also called Honda Heihachiro; 1596–1626)"]
[2744,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","芸能・興行・イベント","連歌","れんが","linked poems (renga) ","幸千代の生まれた年に詠まれた詩のために作られた｢船｣を主題とする一連の詩(連歌)","A set of linked poems (renga) on the theme “ships,” composed for a poetry reading in the year of Kōchiyo’s birth."]
[2745,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","縁切り寺","えんきりでら","enkiri-dera,  “relationship-severing temple” ","封建時代の日本の女性が縁を切りたいと望めば、たとえ夫が亡くなった場合であっても、彼女はまず｢縁切り寺｣すなわち『関係を断ち切る寺』に入らなければならなかった。","If a woman in feudal Japan wanted to end her marriage, she first had to enter an enkiri-dera, a “relationship-severing temple,” which was required even if her husband died. "]
[2746,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","書物","御所歩行東日記","ごしょほこうあずまにっき","Gosho Hokō Azuma Nikki","御所歩行東日記：将軍の城の内部の女性区域の挿し絵の入った日記","Gosho Hokō Azuma Nikki, an illustrated diary of life in the women’s quarters of the shogun’s castle"]
[2747,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","山岳","男山の丘","おとこやまのおか","Otokoyama Hill","この部屋から男山の丘にある姫路城の向かい側に天満宮神社がはっきりと見ることができる。","This room affords a clear view of Tenmangū Shrine, which is located across from Himeji Castle on Otokoyama Hill. "]
[2748,"兵庫県 ","姫路市","工芸・美術品","羽子板","はごいた","hagoita","回廊と結ばれている展示には｢羽子板｣つまり飾りの絹で覆われた木製の試合用の櫂である。","On display in the connecting gallery is a hagoita—a wooden game paddle covered in decorative silk. "]
[2749,"兵庫県 ","Visit Kinosaki戦略会議","温泉","温泉","おんせん","onsen ","城崎温泉は昔ながらの希少な温泉地で、本物の湯の町情緒を感じていただけます。城崎温泉観光は、ひとつの大きな旅館に足を踏み入れるような体験です。","Kinosaki Onsen is a traditional-style hot spring (onsen) town where you can experience the atmosphere of a genuine hot-spring community. "]
[2750,"兵庫県 ","Visit Kinosaki戦略会議","温泉","外湯","そとゆ","soto-yu","外湯、つまり、共同浴場の文化は、当温泉地の日常生活に深く根付いており、この魅力的な地域を訪れる大きな理由のひとつとなっています。","The soto-yu (public bathhouses) are deeply ingrained in the town’s daily life as local inhabitants tend to use them frequently, and are one of the main reasons to visit this onsen town."]
[2751,"兵庫県 ","Visit Kinosaki戦略会議","建造物等","旅館","りょかん","ryokan","城崎温泉観光の大きな目玉は日本の伝統的な旅館での宿泊です。","One major highlight of visiting Kinosaki Onsen is staying in a traditional Japanese inn or ryokan. "]
[2752,"兵庫県 ","Visit Kinosaki戦略会議","温泉","露天風呂","ろてんぶろ","rotenburo","この時期に訪れる露天風呂には不思議な魅力があります。冷たく身の引き締まるような空気を感じながら温泉に浸かってくつろげば、その満足感もひとしおです。","A visit to an outdoor bath (rotenburo) during this season can be magical; the cool, crisp air makes soaking in the heated waters all the more satisfying. "]
[2753,"兵庫県 ","Visit Kinosaki戦略会議","温泉","足湯","あしゆ","ashi-yu","時間のない方には、正面玄関の外に足湯があり、無料でご利用いただけます。","Guests who are short on time will find a foot bath (ashi-yu) that is free to use located outside the front entrance."]
[2754,"兵庫県 ","Visit Kinosaki戦略会議","植物","檜","ひのき","hinoki","温泉は檜造りの素朴な内装で、温もりのあるくつろいだ雰囲気をかもし出しています。中にはジェット式バスタブがあり、浴場の玄関外には無料の足湯があります。","With its Japanese cypress (hinoki) interior, it offers a rustic and relaxing environment. Visitors will also find a free foot bath (ashi-yu) outside the bathhouse entrance."]
[2755,"兵庫県 ","Visit Kinosaki戦略会議","動物","コウノトリ","こうのとり","konotori","そのため、コウノトリを短縮した鴻の湯という名を持ちます。","The name “Kono” is short for konotori, the oriental white stork. "]
[2756,"兵庫県 ","Visit Kinosaki戦略会議","芸能・興行・イベント","祭り","まつり","matsuri","日本の地方祭（祭り）を体験し、城崎の人々にとって温泉がどれほど重要なのかを理解するにはうってつけの方法です。","it’s a great way to experience a local Japanese festival (matsuri) and understand how important the onsen are to the local inhabitants. "]
[2757,"兵庫県 ","Visit Kinosaki戦略会議","年中行事","神輿","みこし","mikoshi","「神輿が競り合う祭り」とも言われるこの祭りには、神輿（持ち運び可能な神社）とだんじり（大型の木造車）が街中をパレードし、模擬戦で対決する壮大なパフォーマンスがあります。","The mikoshi from Shisho Shrine stops by each of the seven soto-yu public bathhouses for prayers, along with the dai from the upper district of town, which acts as protection."]
[2758,"兵庫県 ","Visit Kinosaki戦略会議","食","しゃぶしゃぶ","しゃぶしゃぶ","shabu-shabu","ステーキやローストビーフ丼、沸騰した出汁に通して食べるしゃぶしゃぶや、焼き肉としてよく出され、焼き肉では様々な切り身がダイニングテーブルの上で焼かれます。","The tender meat has a texture that melts on the tongue and is often served as steak, roast beef on top of rice, shabu-shabu style in a simmering broth, or yakiniku style, in which various cuts are grilled at the table."]
[2759,"兵庫県 ","Visit Kinosaki戦略会議","食","居酒屋","いざかや","izakaya","友人や同僚と飲み、食べることができる楽しくてカジュアルな居酒屋は、日本版のガストロパブと言えるでしょう。","The izakaya—Japan’s answer to the gastropub—is a fun and casual place where people can come to drink and eat with friends and colleagues. "]
[2760,"兵庫県 ","Visit Kinosaki戦略会議","工芸・美術品","麦わら細工","むぎわらざいく","mugiwara zaiku","城崎温泉には、麦わら細工製造と創作の長い歴史があります。","Kinosaki Onsen has a long history in the production and creation of mugiwara zaiku (“wheat straw craft”) objects. "]
[2761,"兵庫県 ","Visit Kinosaki戦略会議","工芸・美術品","柿谷","かきたに","kakitani","この独特の種類の磁器は、柿谷陶石から作られています。柿谷陶石は、濁りのない自然な白さで崇められ、この磁器をその象徴である澄み切った白に焼成します。","It is made from kakitani pottery stone, a kaolin clay revered for porcelain’s signature, pristine white and for the smooth, silky finish that allows potters to add their own special touches before their work is fired. "]
[2762,"兵庫県 ","Visit Kinosaki戦略会議","工芸・美術品","杞柳細工","りゅうざいく","kiryu zaiku","この産業がこの地域で初めて勢いづいた時、豊岡は杞柳細工、つまり、保管や輸送に使われるアイテムを主とした柳細工の制作に焦点を置いていました。","When the industry first picked up in the area, Toyooka was focused on the creation of kiryu zaiku, or willow wickerwork craft that featured items used for storage and transportation."]
[2763,"兵庫県 ","Visit Kinosaki戦略会議","城跡・城郭・宮殿","隅櫓","すみやぐら","sumi yagura","明治時代（1868〜1912年）の1968年、明治維新中に城の一部が倒壊しましたが、隅櫓（角に設けた櫓）は1968年に、登城門と登城橋は1994年に復元されました。","After the Tokugawa regime case to and end, in 1868 the castle building was demolished, but parts of it were reconstructed, including the sumi yagura (corner tower) in 1968 and the Tojo gate and bridge in 1994."]
[2764,"兵庫県 ","Visit Kinosaki戦略会議","食","沢庵","たくあん","takuan","宗彭は彼の名前に因んだ大根の酢漬け、沢庵を生み出したことでも知られています。そのため、多くの地元民がこの寺を「沢庵寺」と呼んでいます。","Takuan is also known as the inventor of takuan a type of pickle made by marinating dried daikon radish in rice bran, and because of this, many locals call Sukyoji the “Takuan Temple.” "]
[2765,"兵庫県 ","Visit Kinosaki戦略会議","食","精進料理","しょうじん　りょうり","shojin ryori","寺における食の伝統、精進料理の味や一般的な仏教の野菜料理に興味がある人には必見です。","For those interested in the temple’s culinary traditions, a taste of shojin ryori, the typical vegetarian Buddhist cuisine, is a must."]
[2766,"兵庫県 ","Visit Kinosaki戦略会議","食","そば","そば","soba","出石皿そばは、出石の定番料理で、この町にはこの美味しいそばを出すレストランが50件近くあります。","Izushi sara soba is a staple item in Izushi, the town that counts almost 50 restaurants that serve these delicious soba buckwheat noodles. "]
[2767,"兵庫県 ","Visit Kinosaki戦略会議","植物","ドウダンツツジ","どうだんつつじ","dodan-tsutsuji","安国寺はおそらく本堂の裏にある見事な木々で最も有名です。ドウダンツツジとして知られる樹齢約150～160年の10本の木が集まり、境内に非常に美しい背景を生み出しています。","Ankokuji Temple is best known for the gorgeous foliage of the dodan-tsutsuji shrubs (Enkianthus perultas), which turns into flaming color on the hill behind the temple’s main building in autumn. "]
[2768,"兵庫県 ","Visit Kinosaki戦略会議","自然現象","雲海","うんかい","unkai","ホテルのルームウエアは地元で織られたシャンブレー生地、スツールカバーは地元の伝統的な生地、備後絣が使われています。","The hotel’s cushions and pajamas are made using Bingo-gasuri, a local woven cotton fabric like denim which is made in nearby Fukuyama."]
[2769,"兵庫県 ","Visit Kinosaki戦略会議","動物","アジ","あじ","aji","この水族館は、アジを捕まえて隣接するレストランで揚げて新鮮な天ぷらにすることができる釣り堀など、訪問客のためのインタラクティブな体験が多数用意されているのも特徴です。","The aquarium’s many interactive experiences for visitors include fishing ponds where you can catch aji (Japanese horse mackerel) before having the fish transformed into fresh tempura at the neighboring restaurant. "]
[2770,"兵庫県","日本遺産「銀の馬車道・鉱石の道」推進協議会","建造物等","石垣","いしがき","stones\n","道路の両側を支えるために使われた大きな石垣はその縁に沿って見ることができます。","Large stones used to support the sides of the road are visible along one edge."]
[2771,"兵庫県","日本遺産「銀の馬車道・鉱石の道」推進協議会","建造物等","建設構造","けんせつこうぞう","construction","2016年に，その建設構造を研究するために道路の一部が掘り起こされました。","This section of road is remarkably preserved and a part of the road was excavated in order to study its construction in 2016. "]
[2772,"兵庫県","日本遺産「銀の馬車道・鉱石の道」推進協議会","建造物等","マカダム建設様式","まかだむけんせつようしき","macadam construction methods","それは日本で初めてのもので，ピエール・マリー・ジェローム・トレサギュー(1716－96)が開発したフランスの道路設計をスコットランド人のジョン・ルードン・マカダム(1756－1836)のマカダム建設様式を組み合わされたものです。","It was the first of its kind in Japan, combining French road design pioneered by Pierre-Marie-Jérôme Trésaguet (1716–1796) with the macadam construction methods of Scotsman John Loudon McAdam (1756–1836). "]
[2773,"兵庫県","日本遺産「銀の馬車道・鉱石の道」推進協議会","建造物等","物揚げ場","ものあげば","Loading Wharf","今では姫路港の一部となっているこの地域は，かつて｢飾磨津物揚げ場(飾磨津荷揚げ波止場)｣として知られていました。","This area, now a part of Himeji Port, was once known as the Shikamatsu Loading Wharf (Shikamatsu Monoageba). "]
[2774,"兵庫県","日本遺産「銀の馬車道・鉱石の道」推進協議会","組織・団体","薩摩代表団","さつまだいひょうだん","Satsuma delegation","1865年の薩摩代表団の一人朝倉盛明(1843－1925)とフランス人技師レオン･シスレー(1847－78)が3年を掛けて完成させました。","It took Asakura Moriaki (1843–1925), a member of the 1865 Satsuma delegation, and French engineer Leon Sisley (1847–1878) three years to complete. "]
[2775,"兵庫県","日本遺産「銀の馬車道・鉱石の道」推進協議会","建造物等","建造物","けんぞうぶつ","structures","その敷地の初期の建造物は1697年にさかのぼり，段階的に建築が続きました。","While the compound’s earliest structures date from 1697, building continued in stages. "]
[2776,"兵庫県","日本遺産「銀の馬車道・鉱石の道」推進協議会","その他","段階的","だんかいてき","in stages","彼らの住まいの建築は1697年に始まり，明治時代初期まで段階的に続きました。","Construction of their home began in 1697 and continued in stages through the early Meiji Period (1868–1912). "]
[2777,"兵庫県","日本遺産「銀の馬車道・鉱石の道」推進協議会","建造物等","のぞき穴","のぞきあな","peepholes","その屋敷はさまざまな安全性を持って建てられた，例えば引き戸にある木製の鍵，刀を振り回すのを防ぐ低い天井，緊迫した会議中警備員が見張をするための多くののぞき穴がありました。","The home was built with various security features: wooden locks on the sliding doors, low ceilings to hamper the swinging of swords, and many peepholes for guards to keep watch during tense meetings. "]
[2778,"兵庫県","日本遺産「銀の馬車道・鉱石の道」推進協議会","動物","妖怪","ようかい","yokai","地域の伝承の研究において，柳田は｢妖怪｣，すなわち超自然界の生き物に関する伝説物語に特に興味を示しました。","In his study of regional lore, Yanagita showed particular interest in tales involving yokai, or supernatural creatures. "]
[2779,"兵庫県","日本遺産「銀の馬車道・鉱石の道」推進協議会","集落・街","宿場町","しゅくばまち"," post town","屋形町は北部の鉱山と姫路の港とを行き交う旅人たちの宿場町として1600年代まで栄えていました。","The town of Yakatamachi prospered as a post town for travelers journeying between the northern mines and the port of Himeji as far back as the 1600s. "]
[2780,"兵庫県","日本遺産「銀の馬車道・鉱石の道」推進協議会","史跡","歴史的建造物","れきしてきけんぞうぶつ","historic buildings","歴史的建造物は今日では残っていないが，そのまちなみは日本遺産の構成遺産となっています。","Although none of its historic buildings remain today, the town’s streets are a Japan Heritage Site."]
[2781,"兵庫県","日本遺産「銀の馬車道・鉱石の道」推進協議会","その他","日用品","にちようひん","daily goods","道路沿いで最も栄えた宿場町として，その最盛期には屋形町に8軒の旅館，7軒の酒を売る店，4人の金貸し業者そして日用品を売るさまざまな店がありました。","As the most prosperous post town along the road, Yakatamachi at its peak had eight inns, seven shops selling alcohol, four money-lenders, and a variety of other stores selling daily goods."]
[2782,"兵庫県","日本遺産「銀の馬車道・鉱石の道」推進協議会","建造物等","酒蔵","さかぐら"," sake brewery","それらは裕福な商人の竹内家住宅と難波酒造の酒蔵です。","Two buildings dating from the Edo Period (1603–1867) still stand today: the Takeuchi residence, home to a wealthy merchant, and the Nambashuzo sake brewery. "]
[2783,"兵庫県","日本遺産「銀の馬車道・鉱石の道」推進協議会","食","ほうじ茶","ほうじちゃ","hojicha","その地域では｢仙霊茶｣，｢ほうじ茶｣，｢粉茶｣を含むいくつかの種類の茶を生産していました。","The area produces several types of green tea, including senreicha, hojicha, and konacha. "]
[2784,"兵庫県","日本遺産「銀の馬車道・鉱石の道」推進協議会","乗物","馬車","ばしゃ","horse-drawn carriages","観光案内所には，改築された屋敷がありその隣には元の粟賀の馬車の驛(ウマヤ)があり，そこで馬車が播但線からの旅人の馬車の乗継場所になっていました。","A visitor’s center occupies a renovated home beside the former Awaga horse station (umaya), where travelers from the Bantan train line would change horse-drawn carriages."]
[2785,"兵庫県","日本遺産「銀の馬車道・鉱石の道」推進協議会","その他","商い","あきない","trade","彼らは醤油と酒など商い，それらは自分たちで生産していました。","They traded in various things, including tea, soy sauce, and sake, which they produced themselves. "]
[2786,"兵庫県","日本遺産「銀の馬車道・鉱石の道」推進協議会","建造物等","店舗","てんぽ","storefront\n","屋敷の玄関にある部屋は，茶，醤油，酒など含む商品を売る店舗として使われていました。","The front rooms of the home were used as a storefront to sell goods, including tea, soy sauce, and sake. "]
[2787,"兵庫県","日本遺産「銀の馬車道・鉱石の道」推進協議会","建造物等","倉","くら","storehouse\n","屋敷の裏には商品のための４つの倉があったが今では一つしか残っていません。","In the back of the home were four storehouses for their goods, but today only one survives. "]
[2788,"兵庫県","日本遺産「銀の馬車道・鉱石の道」推進協議会","その他","近代産業技術","きんだいさんぎょうぎじゅつ","modern industrial techniques","そして1868年明治政府はそれをダイナマイトの使用のように近代産業技術の履行のために選びました。","In 1868 the Meiji government chose it for the implementation of modern industrial techniques, like the use of dynamite. "]
[2789,"兵庫県","日本遺産「銀の馬車道・鉱石の道」推進協議会","史跡","発掘技術","はっくつぎじゅつ","mining techniques","その後まもなく，訪問者が鉱山の歴史とさまざまな時代における発掘技術について学べるように展示物が旧坑道に設置されました。","Soon after, exhibits were set up in the old tunnels to teach visitors about the mine’s history and mining techniques in different eras. "]
[2790,"兵庫県","日本遺産「銀の馬車道・鉱石の道」推進協議会","その他","精錬","せいれん","smelting","生野の頂上には昔の精錬工場が建っていて，それは1874年に建てられ，今も活発に錫の精錬を行っています。","At Ikuno’s highest point stands the old smelting factory, built in 1874 and still actively smelting tin."]
[2791,"兵庫県","日本遺産「銀の馬車道・鉱石の道」推進協議会","食","ハヤシライス","ハヤシライス","hayashi rice","地元の名物は｢ハヤシライス｣でそれはご飯と一緒に出されるビーフシチューに似た料理です。","A local specialty is “hayashi rice,” a dish similar to beef stew served with rice. "]
[2792,"兵庫県","日本遺産「銀の馬車道・鉱石の道」推進協議会","その他","鋳鉄","ちゅうてつ","cast-iron","神子畑橋は日本最古の鋳鉄でできた橋であり，日本で3番目に古い鉄でできた橋です。","The Mikobata Bridge is Japan’s oldest cast-iron bridge, and the third-oldest iron bridge in Japan. ","※形容詞の場合ハイフェン必要"]
[2793,"兵庫県","日本遺産「銀の馬車道・鉱石の道」推進協議会","その他","それぞれ","それぞれ","respectively","神子畑橋と羽淵橋はそれぞれ1885年，1887年に完成しました。","The Mikobata and Habuchi bridges were completed in 1885 and 1887, respectively. "]
[2794,"兵庫県","日本遺産「銀の馬車道・鉱石の道」推進協議会","史跡","選鉱工場","せんこうこうじょう","ore processing plants","1919年，三菱はその地を東アジア最大の選鉱工場の一つに変えました。","In 1919 Mitsubishi transformed the site into one of East Asia’s largest ore processing plants. "]
[2795,"兵庫県","日本遺産「銀の馬車道・鉱石の道」推進協議会","乗物","列車で","れっしゃで","by rail","明延からの原鉱は，列車で神子畑工場まで運ばれ，そこでさまざまな物理的，化学的分離技術で選鉱され望まれる鉱物を粉末状にされます。","Raw ore from Akenobe was delivered by rail to the Mikobata plant, where it underwent a variety of physical and chemical separation techniques to concentrate the desired minerals in powder form. "]
[2796,"兵庫県","日本遺産「銀の馬車道・鉱石の道」推進協議会","建造物等","雨戸","あまど","shutters","元の窓と雨戸は手をつけられておらず，元の外観に合うよう塗装されています。","The original windows and shutters are intact, and it is painted to match its initial appearance. "]
[2797,"兵庫県","日本遺産「銀の馬車道・鉱石の道」推進協議会","工芸・美術品","立体模型","りったいもけい","dioramas","そこでの展示品には，写真，立体模型，鉱石のサンプル，そして神子畑鉱山と精錬工場の歴史と操業を描いたビデオ映像があります。","Its exhibits include photographs, dioramas, ore samples, and video footage that depict the history and operations of the Mikobata mine and processing plant."]
[2798,"兵庫県","日本遺産「銀の馬車道・鉱石の道」推進協議会","建造物等","鉄道","鉄道","railway","明延鉱山明神電車は明延から山のトンネルを通り神子畑精錬工場まで鉱石を運ぶために1929年に建設された6キロメートルある鉄道でした。","The Akenobe Mine Meishin Train was a six-kilometer electric railway built in 1929 to carry ore from Akenobe through the mountain tunnel to Mikobata’s ore processing plant. "]
[2799,"兵庫県","日本遺産「銀の馬車道・鉱石の道」推進協議会","乗物","狭軌鉄道","きょうきてつどう","narrow-gauge railway","1945年鉱山は狭軌鉄道に合うよう設計された客車を加え，従業員がその二つの町を行き来できるようにしました。","In 1945 the mine added passenger cars designed to fit on the narrow-gauge railway, allowing employees to travel between the towns. "]
[2800,"兵庫県","日本遺産「銀の馬車道・鉱石の道」推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大仏","だいぶつ","Buddha","言い伝えによると明延は，東大寺にある有名な大仏に使われる銅の一部にも貢献したようです。","Tradition holds that Akenobe even contributed some of the copper used in Nara’s famous Buddha at the temple of Todaiji."]
[2801,"兵庫県","日本遺産「銀の馬車道・鉱石の道」推進協議会","その他","寝かされる","ねかされる","aged","鉱山は1年を通じて摂氏11度くらいのままで，それは醤油と酒を寝かせるのに理想的である。地元の酒造りの山陽盃は｢センサクラ｣と呼ばれる特別な酒を造るため地元の米と水を使っている。そしてその酒は鉱山で寝かされます。","The mine stays around 11 degrees Celsius year-round, making it ideal for the aging of soy sauce and sake. Sanyohai, a local sake brewery, uses local rice and water to make a special sake called Senzakura, which is then aged in the mine. "]
[2802,"兵庫県","日本遺産「銀の馬車道・鉱石の道」推進協議会","集落・街","城下町","じょうかまち","castle town","その後まもなく鉱山が開かれ，それは政府にとって非常に重要な収入源となったのでその発掘地域は城下町と同じくらい厳重に警備されました。","A mine was opened soon after, and it became such an important source of income for the government that the mining community was as heavily guarded as a castle town."]
[2803,"兵庫県","日本遺産「銀の馬車道・鉱石の道」推進協議会","その他","自然金","しぜんきん","native gold","見つけられた最も美しいものの一つは626グラムある石英と融合した自然金で，首都ワシントンのスミソニアン博物館に展示されています。"," One of the most stunning pieces found, 626 grams of native gold fused with quartz, is exhibited at the Smithsonian Museum in Washington DC. "]
[2804,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","聖徳太子","しょうとくたいし","Shotooku Taishi\n","歴史家たちは、聖徳太子（574〜622年）を日本の仏教の開祖、そして日本の歴史上最も影響力の大きな政治指導者のひとりと見なしている。","Shotoku Taishi (574–622) was highly educated and lectured and wrote widely on Buddhism, including a famous commentary on the Lotus Sutra."]
[2805,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","五重塔","ごじゅうのとう","goju no to","この塔は現存する木造の五重塔としては世界最古である。","The Five-Story Pagoda is the oldest pagoda of this type in Japan and one of the oldest surviving towers built of wood in the world. "]
[2806,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","社会","飛鳥時代","あすかじだい","Asuka jidai","釈迦の舎利を納めるために、飛鳥時代（593〜710年）に建立された。","It was erected during the Asuka period (593–710) to enshrine sacred relics of the Buddha."]
[2807,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","金堂","こんどう","kondo","金堂は現存する世界最古の木造建築であり、法隆寺の最も重要な宝物が収められている。","The Main Hall is the world’s oldest extant wooden structure and holds Horyuji’s most important treasures."]
[2808,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","釈迦","しゃか","shaka\n","この金張りの釈迦および2体の菩薩の像を止利仏師の作としている。","This gilt bronze statue of Shakyamuni, the founder of Buddhism, and his two attendant bodhisattvas Yakuo and Yakujo are works by Tori, a famous sculptor of Buddhist images."]
[2809,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","薬師如来","やくしにょらい","Yakushi Nyorai","釈迦三尊像の東側に設置されている薬師如来の像は、聖徳太子の病に苦しんだ父、用明天皇（518〜587）を弔うための像である。","This statue of Yakushi Nyorai, the Buddha of healing and medicine, in the Main Hall at Horyuji Temple, was made for Emperor Yomei (518–587). "]
[2810,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","阿弥陀如来","あみだにょらい","Amida Nyorai","聖徳太子（574〜622年）の母親である皇后穴穂部間人を弔うために、西方浄土の阿弥陀如来の金銅像がつくられた。","A gilt bronze statue of Amida Nyorai, the Buddha of the Pure Land, honors the mother of Prince Shotoku (574–622), Empress Anahobe no Hashihito (d. 622). "]
[2811,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","吉祥天","きちじょうてん","Kichijoten","吉祥天は仏教における多産と幸運、美の神である。","Kichijoten is a Buddhist deity of good harvest, luck, and beauty."]
[2812,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","如意宝珠","にょいほうじゅ","Nyoi hoju","左手には願いを叶える「如意宝珠」を持っており、幸福、幸運、そして富をもたらすという吉祥天の能力を象徴している。","In her left hand is a wish-granting jewel, symbolizing the ability to bestow happiness, good fortune, and wealth. "]
[2813,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","四天王","してんのう","Shitenno","この四天王像は、クスノキの材から彫り出されており、7世紀半ばの作で国内最古のものである。","The Four Heavenly Kings (Shitenno) were carved from camphor wood in the mid-seventh century. "]
[2814,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","中門","ちゅうもん","chumon","堂々たる中門は塔と金堂のある法隆寺の中心伽藍への入り口である。","The magnificent Middle Gate marks the entrance to the inner temple area where the pagoda and main hall are located. "]
[2815,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","金剛力士","こんごうりきし","Kongo Rikishi","力強い守護神である金剛力士が門の両側に控えている。","Two fierce guardian deities known as Kongo Rikishi flank the gate, which was erected to protect the temple."]
[2816,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","回廊","かいろう","kairo","この屋根付きの堂々たる回廊は、東側の鐘楼と中央の大講堂、そして西側の経蔵とを結んでいる。","This stately covered corridor links Horyuji Temple’s Bell Tower on the east, the Great Lecture Hall in the center, and Sutra Repository on the west."]
[2817,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","エンタシス","えんたしす","entashisu","伽藍の中の柱の多くは、真ん中が少しふくらんだ、「エンタシス」と呼ばれる形状である。これは古代ギリシャの建築からの影響である可能性があると考えられている。","Many of the pillars in the temple complex bulge slightly in the middle, a feature known as entasis that historians suggest can be traced back to the influence of ancient Greece."]
[2818,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","経蔵","きょうぞう","kyozo","経蔵にはかつて、法隆寺の3つの「伏蔵」（地下の蔵）のうちひとつがある。","The Sutra Storehouse is believed to have contained one of the temple’s three sets of fukuzo, or underground depositories."]
[2819,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","鐘楼","しょうろう","shoro\n","講堂の東に位置する鐘楼は、寺の僧侶に法会などを行う合図として鳴らされる。","The Bell Tower is on the east side of the Great Lecture Hall. The bell is rung to signal the start of services conducted by the temple priests. "]
[2820,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大講堂","だいこうどう","daikodo","東側には鐘楼を、西側には経蔵を従えるように建てられているのが、平屋造りの大講堂である。","The single-story Lecture Hall was used by the priests for study. "]
[2821,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大宝蔵院","だいほうぞういん","daihozoin","大宝蔵院は、1998年に建設された宝物館である。","The Great Treasure Gallery was built in 1998."]
[2822,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","夢違観音","ゆめちがいかんのん","Yumechigai Kannon","「夢違観音」として知られるこの高さ86.9cmの銅像は、白鳳時代（7世紀後半）初期の作である。悪夢を良い夢に変えてくれる力があると信者たちに信じられていたため、このような呼び名がついている。","Known as Yumechigai (“Dream-Changer”), this 86.9-centimeter bronze statue from the late Asuka period (593-710) was given this name because this manifestation of Kannon is said to change bad dreams to good. "]
[2823,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","地蔵","じぞう","jizo","地蔵は、釈迦が入滅された後に弥勒菩薩が成道して、この世で説法をさせるまでの間の無仏の世に僧の形になって人々を救う菩薩である。","Widely revered in Japan, Jizo can take the form of a monk and represents the historical Buddha after he passed away. "]
[2824,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","玉虫厨子","たまむしずし","Tamamushi Zushi","玉虫厨子は7世紀につくられたもので、高さは233cm。ヒノキとクスノキの材に漆塗りをほどこし、年月を経て色あせてはいるものの、タマムシの虹色に彩られている。","This small seventh-century altar-shrine, known as the Tamamushi no Zushi, is 233 centimeters tall and made of lacquered cypress and camphor wood. "]
[2825,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","百済観音","くだらかんのん","Kudara Kannon","クスノキの一材から彫り出されたこの百済観音像は、法隆寺の最も有名な宝物のひとつであり、信仰のシンボルとして、そしてまた特別な美術品として、日本全国から巡礼者を引き寄せている。","The Kudara Kannon is one of Horyuji Temple’s most famous treasures, attracting visitors from all over Japan."]
[2826,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","橘夫人","たちばなふじん","Tachibana fujin","橘夫人は、第45代天皇の聖武天皇（701〜756年）の妃である光明皇后（701〜760年）の母親である。","Lady Tachibana was the mother of Empress Komyo (701–760), who was the consort of Emperor Shomu (701–756), Japan’s 45th emperor."]
[2827,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","陀羅尼","だらに","darani","陀羅尼の巻物は、現在では世界最古の紙の印刷物とされており、中が空洞になっている百万塔の上部の装飾的な屋根を取り外すと、その中に収められていた。","The rolled-up scrolls are some of the oldest examples of printed paper in the world and are still contained inside the hollow pagodas beneath the removable decorative spire at the top."]
[2828,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","聖霊院","しょうりょういん","shoryoin\n","聖霊院は、法隆寺の創建者として尊敬を集める聖徳太子（574〜622年）の尊像をお祀りする建物である。","The Shoryoin is dedicated to the worship of Prince Shotoku (574–622). "]
[2829,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","推古天皇","すいこてんのう","Suiko Tenno","推古天皇の前で勝鬘経の講義をされた35あるいは46歳の聖徳太子をモデルとしている。","The statue depicts the Prince between the ages of 35 and 46, when he preached a sermon on the Lion’s Roar Sutra to Empress Suiko (554–628). "]
[2830,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","夢殿","ゆめどの","Yumedono","八角形の夢殿は法隆寺の中でも最も素晴らしく美しい建築のひとつである。","The octagonal Hall of Dreams is one of Horyuji Temple’s most impressive buildings. "]
[2831,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","救世観音","ぐぜかんのん","Guze Kannon","7世紀につくられた高さ179cmのこの観音像は、法隆寺の宝物の中でも最も謎めいた存在のひとつである。","This seventh-century statue of Guze Kannon is one of Horyuji Temple’s most mysterious treasures. "]
[2832,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","工芸・美術品","乾漆技法","かんしつぎほう","kanshitsu giho","日本における乾漆技法による仏像としては最大級のものである。","It is one of the largest dry-lacquer Buddhist images in Japan."]
[2833,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","食堂","じきどう","jikido","日本語の「食堂」は、今日では一般的には「しょくどう」と読み、レストランや食事をする場所という意味で使われているが、古代においては、食べることそのものが信仰のひとつのかたちであり、食堂は祈りの場でもあった。","The Japanese word jikido is today more commonly pronounced shokudo, meaning restaurant or dining room, but in the ancient past eating itself served as a form of religious practice and the refectory was also a place of prayer. "]
[2834,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","綱封蔵","こうふうぞう","Koofuzo","綱封蔵は、平安時代（794〜929年）に建てられたものであり、1967年に国宝に指定された。","This large storehouse dates from the early Heian period (794–929)."]
[2835,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","東大門","とうだいもん","Todaimon","東大門は西院伽藍から、聖徳太子の死後にかつて暮らしていた場所に拡張された東側伽藍へ通じる参道の途中にある。","The stately East Gate connects the temple’s western precinct to its eastern one."]
[2836,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","南大門","なんだいもん","Nandaimon","南大門は、かつては中門の近くに建てられていたが、寺の拡張にともなって移築された。","This gate was once situated near the Middle Gate but was moved when the temple was expanded."]
[2837,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","毘沙門天","びしゃもんてん","Bishamonten","毘沙門天は、鎧を身につけた姿で、仏法を護持し悪人や侵入者を退散させる存在として表現される。","The Buddhist god of war, Bishamonten, is often depicted in Japan heavily clad in armor as the protector of Buddhism and the state. "]
[2838,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","天蓋","てんがい","Tengai","本堂の天井から吊り下げられている木造のこの装飾的な「天蓋」の重要な特徴のひとつが、天上の音楽家たちである。","The ornate wooden canopy (tengai) hanging from the ceiling in the Main Hall is decorated with celestial musicians. "]
[2839,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","工芸・美術品","琵琶","びわ","biwa","「天人」と呼ばれる彼らは、釈迦像の頭上を飛び交うように、横笛や琵琶や鼓などの楽器を奏でている。","The figures, known as tennin, circle the Buddha, playing musical instruments such as flutes, recorders, cymbals, and lutes (biwa)."]
[2840,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","工芸・美術品","壁画","へきが","hekiga","この壁画は、聖徳太子が中国や朝鮮に使者や学僧らを派遣した後の知的な異文化交流や、当時の日本文化の開放的な気質を示している。","The paintings have long fascinated scholars with their synthesis of Indian, Chinese, Korean, and Japanese influences."]
[2841,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","塑像","そぞう","sozo","その塑像の四つの場面は、東側では維摩居士が、仏教の知恵の神である文殊菩薩と問答を行っている。","The figures playing the central roles are surrounded by priests, attendees, ministers, and other more minor participants."]
[2842,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","西円堂","さいえんどう","Saiendo\n","西円堂は日本最大級の乾漆仏像の1つである。","Saiendo is one of the largest dry-lacquer Buddhist images in Japan."]
[2843,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","上御堂","かみのみどう","Kami no Mido","西院の小さな丘の中腹に建つ上御堂は、鎌倉時代（1185〜1333）の再建である。","Kami no Mido dates from the Kamakura period (1185–1333)."]
[2844,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","三経院","さんぎょういん","Sangyo in\n","1077〜81年の頃に焼失し、1231年に南側を三経院とし、後方を西室とする建物として再建されたもので、1955年に国宝に指定されている。","The Sangyo-in was rebuilt in 1231 and the Nishimuro in 1268 after fires destroyed the original buildings. "]
[2845,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","伝法堂","でんぽうどう","Denpodo","伝法堂は元々、聖武天皇（701–756）の后の一人である橘古那可智の家であった。","Temple records and repair work from 1938–1943 suggest that this lecture hall in the east precinct of the temple was originally the home of Tachibana no Konakachi, a grandchild of Lady Tachibana"]
[2846,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","舎利殿","しゃりでん","shariden\n","舎利殿は鎌倉時代（1185–1333）に建て替えられた御堂で、仏舎利が納められている。","The Shariden is a Kamakura period (1185–1333) hall containing a collection of relics of Shakyamuni Buddha."]
[2847,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","絵殿","えでん","eden","西側が聖徳太子の生涯を描いた絵画が壁面にはめ込まれた絵殿である。","A roofed passage connects the building with the Picture Hall (Eden) next to it."]
[2848,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","中宮寺","ちゅうぐうじ","chuguji","桃山時代（1573–1603）以来、中宮寺は日本の皇室と強いつながりがあり、伝統的に娘や貴族をここに修行に送り、僧侶の多くは皇室の王女だった。","Since the Tenmon era（1532–55), the Chuguji Temple has had a strong connection with Japan’s imperial family, which traditionally sent its daughters to train here along with other aristocratic women."]
[2849,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","観世音","かんぜおん","Kanzeon","仏教の伝承では、観世音は苦しみの兆候について世界を見渡す。 ","In Buddhist lore, Kannon surveys the world looking for signs of suffering."]
[2850,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","法起寺","ほっきじ","Hokiji","法起寺は、飛鳥時代（593〜710年）に日本に仏教を広めた政治家である聖徳太子（574–622）によって設立された7つの偉大な仏教寺院の1つである。","Hokiji Temple is one of the seven great Buddhist temples founded by Prince Shotoku (574–622), a statesman who spread Buddhism throughout Japan during the Asuka period (593–710)."]
[2851,"奈良県","法隆寺地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","三重塔","さんじゅうのとう","sanju no to","約24メートルの高さを誇る法起寺の荘厳な三重塔は、飛鳥時代（593–710）の建築の例であり、国内で最も古い構造である。","Pagodas at Buddhist temples in Japan were originally conceived as reliquaries and monuments dedicated to Shakyamuni, the historical Buddha."]
[2852,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","興福寺","こうふくじ","kofukuji","1,300年以上にわたる歴史を持つ興福寺は、日本でも大変古い、そして最も由緒ある仏教寺院のひとつである。","With a history of more than 1,300 years, Kofukuji is one of Japan’s oldest and most prominent Buddhist temples."]
[2853,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","三重塔","さんじゅうのとう","sanju no to\n","この3層の塔は、最初は1143年に崇徳天皇（1119〜1164年）の妃である藤原聖子（皇嘉門院、1122〜1182年）の命を受けて建設された。","The graceful lines of Kofukuji’s Three-story Pagoda have made it famous as an example of Buddhist architecture of the Heian period (794–1185). "]
[2854,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","北円堂","ほくえんどう","hokuendo","北円堂の仏像の中心をなすのは、本尊の弥勒如来である。","The statues in the Northern Round Hall center on the principal image, Miroku Nyorai, the Buddha of the Future. "]
[2855,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","仏塔","ぶっとう","butto","南アジアや東南アジアではストゥーパと呼ばれる仏塔は、元来は墓の塚を起源とする建築物である。","The origins of the pagodas can be traced back to the stupas of ancient India, and are architectural structures that ultimately derive from burial mounds."]
[2856,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","東金堂","とうこんどう","tokondo","東金堂は聖武天皇（701〜756年）の命により、その叔母である元正上皇（683〜748年）の病気回復を祈願して建立された。","The original Eastern Golden Hall was built at the behest of Emperor Shomu (701–756) to pray for the recovery of his sick aunt, the retired Empress Gensho (683–748)."]
[2857,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","中金堂","ちゅうこんどう","chukondo","2018年に完成した中金堂は、興福寺で最も新しい建物であり、3世紀以上の間で初めてのフルスケールでの堂宇の再建である。","Completed in 2018, the Central Golden Hall is Kofukuji’s newest building and its first full-scale reconstruction in more than three centuries."]
[2858,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","工芸・美術品","乾漆","かんしつ","kanshitu hatibushu ryuzo","これらの像は734年につくられた。乾漆造で、中は空洞になっている。","The statues were created in 734 using the hollow-core dry-lacquer technique. "]
[2859,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","阿修羅","あしゅら","Ashura","阿修羅はヒンドゥー教の神で、仏教に取り入れられた。","Ashura are among the Hindu deities incorporated into Buddhism."]
[2860,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","工芸・美術品","五部浄","ごぶじょう","gobujo","734年につくられたこの胸像は、仏教における八部衆の一人である五部浄の像の一部である。","This bust, dated to 734, is part of a statue of Gobujo, one of the set of eight figures depicting the Eight Kinds of Mythological Beings at Kofukuji."]
[2861,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","沙羯羅","さから","sakara","この像は、インドのナーガ（蛇または龍）の王ナーガラージャから派生した神である沙羯羅を表している。","Sakara is a mythological being derived from Nagaraja, the Indian king of the nāgas (snakes or dragons) and one of Kofukuji’s set of Eight Kinds of Mythological Beings."]
[2862,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","迦楼羅","かるら","karura","この像は八部衆の一人の迦楼羅（ガルーダ）を表現している。迦楼羅は蛇を食べる巨大な鳥または鳥のような生き物である。","Karura is one of the Eight Kinds of Mythological Beings, representing a bird or birdlike being that devours snakes. "]
[2863,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","鳩槃荼","くばんだ","kubanda","これは八部衆の一人、鳩槃荼の像である。","Kubanda is one of the Eight Kinds of Mythological Beings."]
[2864,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","乾闥婆","けんだつば","kendatsuba","これは八部衆の一人、乾闥婆の像である。乾闥婆はもともとは天上でヒンドゥー教の神インドラに仕えていた楽人である。","Kendatsuba is one of the Eight Kinds of Mythological Beings, depicting a musician originally serving in the paradise of the Hindu god Indra."]
[2865,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","緊那羅","きんなら","kinnara","これは八部衆の一人、緊那羅の像である。インドの神話では、キンナラ（kimnara）と呼ばれており、天上の楽人である。","Kinnara, one of the set of Eight Kinds of Mythological Beings at Kofukuji, comes from a class of beings in Indian mythology known as kinnaras who serve as celestial musicians."]
[2866,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","畢婆迦羅","ひばから","hibakara","この畢婆迦羅像は他の八部衆の像の多くと同様に鎧を身にまとった姿をしているが、あごひげもたくわえている。他の像のいくつかが若い少年の顔をしているのに対して、これはそうではない。","Hibakara wears armor like most of the other figures in the set of Eight Kinds of Mythological Beings, but unlike the others it does not have a boyish face."]
[2867,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","十大弟子","じゅうだいでし","judai deshi","奈良時代（710〜794年）につくられたこれらの像は、歴史的な仏陀釈迦牟尼の十大弟子たちのうちの6人の肖像である。","These exquisite images from the Nara period (710–794) are part of a group of the famous ten great disciples of Shakyamuni, the historical Buddha originally enshrined in Kofukuji’s Western Golden Hall."]
[2868,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","須菩提","すぼだい","subodai","須菩提の像は、楽しげな若い僧の姿で描かれている。仏陀の弟子、阿難陀（アーナンダ）の標準的な描写と非常に近い。","Subodai is depicted as a cheerful young monk, closely matching canonical descriptions of Buddha’s disciple Ananda."]
[2869,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","富楼那","ふるな","furuna","インドではプンナまたはプールナと呼ばれる富楼那は、弟子たちの中でもダルマ（仏法）の説教に優れていたとされている。","Known as Punna, or Purna in India, Furuna was renowned among the disciples as the greatest preacher of the dharma, or Buddhist doctrine."]
[2870,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","羅睺羅","らごら","ragora","インドではラーフラと呼ばれ、釈迦牟尼とその妻、ヤショーダラーの間の一人息子である。","Known as Rahula in India, Ragora was also the only son of Shakyamuni and his wife, the princess Yasodhara. "]
[2871,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","工芸・美術品","板彫","いたぼり","itabori","11世紀につくられたもので、板彫と呼ばれるレリーフ彫刻の傑作とされている。"," The images, which date to the eleventh century, are considered masterpieces of itabori wooden relief carving."]
[2872,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","薬師如来","やくしにょらい","yakushi nyorai","685年につくられた、珍しい銅の合金を使った像で、医学と癒しを司る仏陀である薬師如来の頭部である。","Dated to 685, this rare cast copper alloy sculpture is the head of Yakushi Nyorai, the Buddha of Healing."]
[2873,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","釈迦如来","しゃかにょらい","shaka nyorai","この像は仏教の創始者である仏陀＝釈迦牟尼の像である。仏陀は約2,600年前に悟りを得て、衆生を救済することを誓った。","Shaka Nyorai is another name for Shakyamuni, the fifth-century founder of Buddhism, who attained awakening and vowed to save sentient beings. "]
[2874,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","飛天","ひてん","hiten","鎌倉時代（1185〜1333年）につくられたこれらの彫刻には、座った仏陀と、飛天（仏教神話における天人または天女）が描かれている。","Dated to the Kamakura period (1185–1333), these carvings depict a seated Buddha and a flying apsara, a type of celestial spirit, in Buddhist mythology."]
[2875,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","千手観音","せんじゅかんのん","senju kannon","千手観音像には全部で42本の手があり、そのうちの一対は合掌している。","The  Thousand-Armed Kannon has a total of 42 hands including two clasped in prayer. "]
[2876,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","金剛力士","こんごうりきし","kongo rikishi","これらの像は金剛力士像である。仏教における戦士の神であり、雷を象徴するインドの武器、バジュラを操る。","The Kongo Rikishi are mythological Buddhist warriors wielding Indian vajra weapons symbolizing thunderbolts and diamonds."]
[2877,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","阿吽","あうん","a un","これが合わさって、「阿吽」で万物の始まりと終わり、そして宇宙全体を象徴する。","Together, these symbolize the beginning and the end of all things, or in essence the entire universe. "]
[2878,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","天燈鬼","てんとうき","tentoki","天燈鬼（「燈明を頭の上に載せている悪鬼」）の作者は不明だが、間違いなく同じ時期につくられた。","The sculptor of Tentoki (“Demon Carrying a Lantern on its Head”) is unknown, but it dates to the same period. "]
[2879,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","龍燈鬼","りゅうとうき","ryutoki","龍燈鬼の像の変わった特徴のひとつは、寄せ木以外に使われているその素材である。","One unusual characteristic of the Ryutoki image is the use of materials other than wood. "]
[2880,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","運慶","うんけい","Unkei","もともとは金箔が貼られていたこの像は、有名な仏師である運慶（1150〜1223年）によって1189年頃につくられた。","Originally covered in gold leaf, it was carved by the renowned Buddhist sculptor Unkei (1150–1223) around 1189. "]
[2881,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","四天王","してんのう","shitenno","四天王は、仏教の宇宙論において私たちの世界の中心にあるとされる山、須弥山の四方を守っている守護神である。","The Four Heavenly Kings are guardian deities who protect the four sides of Mt. Sumeru, the mountain that stands at the center of our “world-system” according to Buddhist cosmology. "]
[2882,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","寄木造り","よせぎづくり","yosegi zukuri","寄せ木造りで、漆と金箔で仕上げているこの像は、中金堂の本尊である。","Carved of joined wood blocks, lacquered and gilded, this sculpture is the main image of the Central Golden Hall."]
[2883,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","蓮華座","れんげざ","rengeza","薬師如来は東金堂の本尊であり、蓮華座のかたちで座り、衣の裾は高い長方形の台座の端から流れるように垂れ下がっている。","The Buddha of Healing serves as the central image of the Eastern Golden Hall. It is seated in full lotus position and depicted with the lower robes draped down over the edge of a high rectangular pedestal."]
[2884,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","弥勒菩薩","みろくぼさつ","miroku bosatsu","仏教の伝統によると、弥勒は仏陀釈迦牟尼の直接の後継者であり、56億 7千万年後にこの世界に生まれ、次なる仏陀となる。","According to Buddhist tradition, Maitreya is the immediate successor of the historical Buddha Shakyamuni, and will be born in this world in 5.67 billion years to become its next Buddha."]
[2885,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","与願印","よがんいん","yogan in","右手は、祝福と願いを叶える与願印のかたちで上に掲げられている。","The right hand is raised in the blessing and wish-fulfilling (yogan-in) gesture. "]
[2886,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","厨子","ずし","zushi","この像が納められている厨子が、この像を光や虫、その他のダメージから何世紀にもわたって守り続けた。","The chest (zushi) enshrining the statue protected it from light, pests, and other damage over the centuries."]
[2887,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","鎮壇具","ちんだんぐ","chindangu","中金堂鎮壇具は寺院の建物の建設を記念する儀式の際に地面に並べられる供物である。","Votive Offerings are votive offerings placed in the ground during ceremonies performed prior to the construction of temple buildings. "]
[2888,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","工芸・美術品","華原磬","かげんけい","kagenkei","もともと、この楽器は「金鼓（こんく）」と呼ばれていたが、室町時代（1336〜1573年）までには華原磬または華原の鉦と呼ばれるようになっていた。","Originally this instrument was known as the Golden Drum, but by the Muromachi period (1336–1573), it was called Kagenkei, or Kagen Gong, in reference to China’s Huayuan region, known as Kagen in Japanese."]
[2889,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","燈籠","とうろう","toro","この銅合金製の燈籠は、816年に鋳造されたもので、東大寺にあるものに次いで、日本で2番目に古い燈籠である。","This copper alloy lantern was cast in 816 and is the second-oldest lantern in Japan after a similar example at Todaiji Temple. "]
[2890,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","燈籠火袋羽目","とうろうひぶくろはめ","toro hibukuro hame","燈籠火袋羽目は、816年につくられた南円堂の燈籠につけられていたものであり、日本の偉大な学僧であり、密教の一派、真言宗の創始者として知られる空海（弘法大師、774〜835年）が書いた銘文が刻まれている。","These copper alloy plates from the Southern Round Hall lantern, which dates to 816, are inscribed with text composed by the scholar-monk Kukai (posthumously known as Kobo Daishi; 774–835), known as the founder of the esoteric Shingon sect of Japanese Buddhism."]
[2891,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","書物","日本霊異記","にほんりょういき","nihon ryoiki","これは「日本霊異記」の904年の写本である。この書物は787年から824年の間の時期に僧である景戒が書いたものである。","This is a manuscript copy, dated to 904, of the Nihon Ryoiki, which has been translated as Miraculous Stories from the Japanese Buddhist Tradition."]
[2892,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","梵天","ぼんてん","bonten","蓮の花を持っている梵天は、天上の神ブラーマに基づいている。","Bonten, holding a lotus flower, is based on the heavenly king Brahma."]
[2893,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","帝釈天","たいしゃくてん","taishakuten","帝釈天は、鎧を身にまとい、巻物を持っているが、これは天界と稲妻と戦いの神インドラを元にしている。","Taishakuten, wearing armor and holding a scroll, is based on Indra, god of the heavens, lightning, and war. "]
[2894,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","十二神将","じゅうにしんしょう","juni shinsho","医術と癒しの仏陀である薬師如来の家来である十二神将の像である。","They depict the Twelve Divine Generals, who are the retainers of Yakushi Nyorai, the Buddha of Healing. "]
[2895,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","維摩居士","ゆいまこじ","yuima koji","維摩居士は、大乗仏教に強い影響を与えた経典である維摩経における中心的な人物である。維摩経は興福寺の根本経典でもあり、興福寺の名前もこの経の中の言葉に由来している。","Yuima Koji (known as Vimalakirti in India) is the central character in the Vimalakirti Sutra, a seminal text of the Mahayana Buddhist tradition and a foundational sutra for Kofukuji Temple, whose name derives from the text."]
[2896,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","文殊","もんじゅ","monju","文殊は大乗仏教における偉大な菩薩のうちの一人である。","Monju (Manjushri) is one of the great bodhisattvas of the Mahayana Buddhist tradition."]
[2897,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","不空羂索観音","ふくうけんさくかんのん","fukukensaku kannon","不空羂索観音は、しばしば仏教における慈悲の神とされる菩薩観音の「変化観音」のひとつである。","Fukukensaku Kannon is one of the “transformation forms” manifested by the bodhisattva Kannon, often described as the Buddhist deity of mercy."]
[2898,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","無著","むじゃく","mujaku","仏師・運慶（1150〜1223年）による1212年の作とされるこれらの像は、無著と世親という有名な学僧の像である。この2人は4世紀から5世紀にかけてインド北西部に生き、兄弟であったとされている。","Mujaku (Asanga) and Seshin (Vasubandhu) were a pair of famous scholar-monks who lived in northwest India during the fourth and fifth centuries and traditionally said to have been brothers."]
[2899,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","世親","せしん","seshin","弟の世親は中年の男性として描かれており、力強い肉体を持ち、決意に満ちた眼差しで遠くを見つめている。","His younger brother Seshin is depicted as a middle-aged man who gazes into the distance with determination."]
[2900,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","吉祥天","きっしょうてん","kisshoten","美と繁栄、富の神である吉祥天は、ヒンドゥー教の美と幸運の女神であるラクシュミが仏教に取り込まれたものである。","A deity of beauty, prosperity and wealth, Kisshoten represents an incorporation of Lakshmi, the Hindu goddess of beauty and good fortune, into the Buddhist pantheon. "]
[2901,"奈良県","ロータスロード多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","東塔","とうとう","Toto","目の前にある多層の建物は、薬師寺の東塔です。","The multi-tiered building before you is Yakushiji’s East Pagoda (Toto)."]
[2902,"奈良県","ロータスロード多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","西塔","さいとう","Saito\n","薬師寺は、東塔と対称的な位置に建てられた西塔の建築により、2つの塔を備えた日本初の寺院です。","Yakushiji was Japan’s first temple to feature a pair of pagodas, with the West Pagoda (Saito) built to flank the Main Hall in symmetry with the East Pagoda."]
[2903,"奈良県","ロータスロード多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","薬師三尊像","やくしさんそんぞう","Yakushi sanson zo","金堂は薬師寺の本堂であり、寺院の本尊である薬師三尊像を祀る目的で建てられました。","The main worship hall at Yakushiji, the Kondo, was built to enshrine the temple’s principal images, the Yakushi Triad."]
[2904,"奈良県","ロータスロード多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","薬師如来","やくしにょらい","Yakushi Nyorai","真ん中には薬師如来という治癒の仏が座り、両脇に日光菩薩と月光菩薩が立っています。","Inside the Kondo (literally, Golden Hall) is Yakushiji’s principal object of worship, the Yakushi Triad, consisting of Yakushi Nyorai, the Healing Buddha, flanked by two attendants, the bodhisattvas Nikko and Gakko."]
[2905,"奈良県","ロータスロード多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","台座","だいざ","daiza","薬師如来が座っている大きな長方形の台座には、彫刻で飾られています。","The large rectangular pedestal on which the Healing Buddha sits is embellished with engravings."]
[2906,"奈良県","ロータスロード多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","吉祥天女","きちじょうてんにょ","Kichijo Tennyo","吉祥天女画像は奈良時代（710〜794）にまで遡り、国宝に登録されています。","The Kichijo Tennyo painting dates back to the Nara period (710–794) and is registered as a National Treasure."]
[2907,"奈良県","ロータスロード多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大講堂","だいこうどう","daikodo","薬師寺はこれらの寺院の1つであり、何世紀にもわたって僧侶が大講堂内に集まり、仏教について研究し、論議してきました。","Yakushiji is one of those temples, and for centuries the monks have assembled in the Large Lecture Hall (Daikodo) to study and debate aspects of Buddhism. "]
[2908,"奈良県","ロータスロード多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","論議","ろんぎ","rongi","大講堂の内部では、2つの論義台が演台として機能します。","Inside the Daikodo are two pulpits serving as lecterns, where monks come face to face in discussions and debate, their voices amplified by the high ceilings of the hall."]
[2909,"奈良県","ロータスロード多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","弥勒如来","みろくにょらい","Miroku Nyorai","大講堂が宗派の教えを学ぶ場所であるため、これらの教えを説いた弥勒如来がここに祀られています。","Since the Large Lecture Hall is the school’s principal place of learning, it is fitting that the great preacher of its teachings, Miroku Nyorai, should be enshrined here. "]
[2910,"奈良県","ロータスロード多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","仏足石","ぶっそくせき","Bussokuseki","仏足石は、仏の足跡の彫刻が彫られており、この足跡は初期仏教に見られた偶像です。","This stone is engraved with lines representing Shakyamuni Buddha’s footprint, which was one of the principal iconic objects venerated in the early years of Buddhism."]
[2911,"奈良県","ロータスロード多言語解説整備推進協議会","社会","万葉仮名","まんようがな","Manyogana","万葉仮名は、奈良時代（710〜794）に編集された日本最古の和歌の歌集、万葉集で使用されました。 ","Each poem is written in man’yogana, the ancient Japanese syllabary in which Chinese characters were employed to represent only sounds rather than meanings, as they do today. "]
[2912,"奈良県","ロータスロード多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","東院堂","とういんどう","Toindo","東院堂は、8世紀初頭に、元正天皇の母である元明天皇（660〜721）の安息を求めて建てられました。","The Toindo was built during the early eighth century at the request of Empress Gensho for the repose of the soul of her mother, Empress Genmei (660–721)."]
[2913,"奈良県","ロータスロード多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","入母屋造り","いりもやづくり","irimoya-zukuri","大講堂のように、6世紀に中国から日本に伝来し、以後寺院建築で使用されている、入母屋造りと呼ばれる建築様式で作られた屋根が特徴です。","Like the Large Lecture Hall (Daikodo), the Toindo features a hip-and-gable (irimoya-zukuri) roof, which arrived in Japan from China in the sixth century and has been used in temple and shrine architecture ever since. "]
[2914,"奈良県","ロータスロード多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","聖観世音菩薩","しょうかんぜおんぼさつ","Sho-Kanzeon Bosatsu","東院堂内の聖観世音菩薩像は、白鳳時代（645〜710）にまでさかのぼり、外部の影響を示唆する特徴を取り入れている点でもユニークです。","The Sho Kanzeon Bosatsu inside the East Hall (“Sho” meaning “sacred”) dates back to the Hakuho period (645–710) and incorporates characteristics that suggest foreign influences."]
[2915,"奈良県","ロータスロード多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","四天王","してんのう","Shitenno","日本では、彼らは四天王と呼ばれており、四方を守っています。","In Japan they are known as the Four Heavenly Kings (Shitenno), each of whom is charged with watching over one of the four cardinal directions."]
[2916,"奈良県","ロータスロード多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","玄奘三蔵院","げんじょうさんぞういん","Genjoo Sanzoin","玄奘三蔵は薬師寺に本部を置く法相宗の核となる教えを最初に伝えた中国の僧です。","Genjo (also Genjo Sanzo) (602–664) first introduced the teachings of the Hosso school to China; Yakushiji is the Japanese headquarters of this school."]
[2917,"奈良県","ロータスロード多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","ヨガチャラ学派","よがちゃらがくは","Yoogachara gakuha","彼はインドに向かい、途中で仏教遺跡や遺物を訪れ、特にヨガチャラ学派に関連する経典を収集しました。ヨガチャラ学派は日本では唯識または法相として知られています。","For many years he made his way to and around India, visiting Buddhist sites, remains, and relics and gathering Buddhist texts, in particular those relating to the Yogachara school, known in Japan as Yuishiki, or Hosso."]
[2918,"奈良県","ロータスロード多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大唐西域記壁画","だいとうさいいききへきが","Daitosaiikiki hekiga","薬師寺にある、長さ50メートルの絵画は、「大唐西域記壁画」と題されました。","His 50-meter-long opus at Yakushiji is entitled “Wall Painting of the Great Tang Records of the Western Regions”."]
[2919,"奈良県","ロータスロード多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","休ヶ岡八幡宮","やすみがおかはちまんぐう","Yasumigaoka Hachimangu","薬師寺の南門から出ると、日本の神聖な守護者であり戦いの守護神である八幡の神を祀る社であり、寺の鎮守の社でもある休ヶ岡八幡宮があります。","Just outside the south gate of Yakushiji is Yasumigaoka Hachimangu, a shrine dedicated to the deity Hachiman, the divine protector of Japan and guardian deity of warriors. "]
[2920,"奈良県","ロータスロード多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","八幡","はちまん","Hachiman","中央には、日本の守護神である八幡神の像があり、僧侶の衣装を着ています。","At the center is an image of Hachiman, the guardian deity of Japan and of warriors, wearing a monk’s robe."]
[2921,"奈良県","ロータスロード多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","食堂","じきどう","jikido","薬師寺の北側には、長さ41メートルの印象的な赤と白の建物があります。これは、再建された寺院の食堂です。","On the north side of the Yakushiji temple complex stands a striking, 41-meter-long red and white building, which is a reconstruction of the temple’s Dining Hall, or Jikido. "]
[2922,"奈良県","ロータスロード多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","阿弥陀","あみだ","Amida","阿弥陀は、死の際にその名を唱えるものに他の仏や菩薩と共に現れると誓う仏です。","Amida is the celestial Buddha who vows to appear with his attendant bodhisattvas at the time of death to anyone who calls on him with faith. "]
[2923,"奈良県","ロータスロード多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","鑑真","がんじん","ganjin","鑑真和上（688–763、または中国語でJianzhen）は、日本で仏教を広めることに尽力したことで尊敬される中国の僧でした。","Ganjin (Ch. Jianzhen; 688–763) was a Chinese monk revered for his efforts to spread Buddhism in Japan. "]
[2924,"奈良県","ロータスロード多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","律宗","りっしゅう","Risshu","律宗は「南都六宗」と呼ばれる、奈良時代における仏教の六大宗派の一つとされています。","The Risshu (or Ritsu) school is one of the “Six Buddhist Schools of Nara” (Nanto Rokushu)."]
[2925,"奈良県","ロータスロード多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","隅鬼","すみおに","sumioni","屋根の四角を支える「隅鬼」が彫られた隅木ともども、この仕組みは装飾の上でも重要な役割を果たしています。","In the corners small supporting blocks are carved with the faces of ogres called sumioni. "]
[2926,"奈良県","ロータスロード多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","脱活乾漆造","だっかつかんしつぞう","dakkatsu kanshinnzo","高さは3メートルを越え、奈良時代に盛んに用いられた「脱活乾漆造」と呼ばれる技法によって造形されています。","This eighth-century statue, which stands more than 3 meters high, was made using the hollow-core dry lacquer technique, which was at its height during the Nara period (710–794). "]
[2927,"奈良県","ロータスロード多言語解説整備推進協議会","書物","日本書紀","にほんしょき","Nihon Shooki","720年に完成した日本書紀には、天武天皇が僧に薬師経の解説を求める場面が描かれています。","An entry for that year in the Nihon Shoki, a chronicle that was completed in 720, tells how the emperor had enlisted the help of priests to explain the sutra."]
[2928,"奈良県","ロータスロード多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","千手観音","せんじゅかんのん","senju kannon","千手観音として知られるこの像には、実際には合計953本の手があり、そのうち42本が大きく、911本が小さいですが、元々は1,000本あったと考えられています。","Known as the Thousand-Armed Kannon, this image has a total of 953 hands, 42 of them large, 911 small, and it is thought that originally there were 1,000."]
[2929,"奈良県","ロータスロード多言語解説整備推進協議会","史跡","平城京","へいじょうきょう","Heijokyo"," この講堂は奈良時代（710〜794）に平城京（現在の奈良市）にあった平城宮の敷地内にありました。","The Toshodaiji Lecture Hall (Kodo) exhibits an elegance attesting to its former role as an assembly hall within the grounds of Heijo Palace."]
[2930,"奈良県","ロータスロード多言語解説整備推進協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","雅楽","ががく","gagaku","仏教と雅楽の演奏もあり、寺院創始者の鑑真が伝えた「陪臚」という曲も演奏されます。","One of them, in May, includes a performance of court music and dance (gagaku), among them a piece entitled “Bairo” that was introduced by temple founder Ganjin."]
[2931,"奈良県","ロータスロード多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","弥勒菩薩","みろくぼさつ","Miroku bosatsu","後継者として、弥勒は、地上に現れ、悟りを開き、仏教の信仰を復活させる時が来るまで、神聖な存在の住居である兜率天で待つよう課されました。 ","Miroku was thought to be waiting in his Tushita Heaven until it was time to appear on earth, attain full enlightenment, and revive the Buddhist faith."]
[2932,"奈良県","ロータスロード多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","鼓楼","ころう","koro","金堂と講堂の東側すぐのところに唐招提寺で唯一の2階建ての建物である鼓楼があります。","Immediately to the east of both the Main Hall and the Lecture Hall stands the Koro Hall (Drum Tower Hall), which is Toshodaiji’s only two-story structure and a symbol of both its eighth century origins and thirteenth century revitalization. "]
[2933,"奈良県","ロータスロード多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","御影堂","みえいどう","mieido","急勾配の入母屋造の御影堂は、唐招提寺境内の他の建物と違うように見えます。","With its steep hip-and-gable roof, the Mieido Hall seems at odds with other buildings within the Toshodaiji precincts."]
[2934,"奈良県","ロータスロード多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","戒壇","かいだん","kaidan","金堂の西には、僧や尼の正式な叙階の際に仏教の教理が伝えられる戒壇がある。","Directly west of the Golden Hall is the Ordination Platform where the Buddhist monastic precepts were transmitted during the formal ordination of monks and nuns."]
[2935,"奈良県","ロータスロード多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","松尾芭蕉","まつおばしょう","Matsuo Basho","講堂の北東、開山堂に続く石段の左側には、17世紀の著名な俳人松尾芭蕉の記念碑があります。","Northeast of the Lecture Hall (Kodo) and on the left side of the stone steps leading up to the Kaizando lies a monument to the eminent seventeenth century poet Matsuo Basho (1644–1694). "]
[2936,"奈良県","ロータスロード多言語解説整備推進協議会","その他","軽み","かるみ","karumi","芭蕉は独自の軽みと呼ばれる様式の俳句作品で有名です。","Basho was well known for his self-styled karumi, or “lighter” haiku works."]
[2937,"奈良県","ロータスロード多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","井戸","いど","ido","寺院の北西の角には、鑑真の井戸があります。今日でもここから水を引くことができます。これは寺院の豊富な水資源を反映しています。","In the northwest corner of the temple complex is a well that is thought to have been excavated under Ganjin’s supervision. "]
[2938,"奈良県","ロータスロード多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","邪鬼","じゃき","jaki"," 興味深いことに、これらの邪鬼は恐ろしい性質を帯びることを意図していましたが、最近では多くの訪問者に愛されており、「隅鬼」と呼ばれています。","Interestingly, while these jaki blocks were intended to be frightening, in more recent years many visitors have in fact found them to be endearing, leading them to be nicknamed sumi oni, or “corner demons.”"]
[2939,"奈良県","ロータスロード多言語解説整備推進協議会","植物","蓮","はす","hasu","おそらく最も有名な仏教のシンボルである蓮は、唐招提寺でも有名な花の一つです。","The lotus, arguably the most recognizable Buddhist symbol, is one of the flowers for which Toshodaiji is best known. "]
[2940,"奈良県","ロータスロード多言語解説整備推進協議会","その他","掛詞","かけことば","kakekotoba","「ミズナラ」は、俳句で使用される「カケコトバ」と呼ばれる詩的な機能があり、2つの意味が同音語で意図的に伝えられます。","The opening word “Mizunara” is a poetic device called “kakekotoba” (literary pun) where two meanings are conveyed through a homonym. "]
[2941,"奈良県","ロータスロード多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","北原白秋","きたはらはくしゅう","Kitahara Hakushu","有名な詩人である北原白秋（1885–1942）は以下の詩をよみました。","Famous poet Hakushu Kitahara (1885–1942) wrote the following poem."]
[2942,"奈良県","ロータスロード多言語解説整備推進協議会","動物","龍","りゅう","ryu","日本の神話では、龍は海の守護神であり、神道信仰の一部では水神として龍神と呼ばれ、農業の雨や航海の幸運を呼び起こすために儀式が行われています。","In Japanese mythology the dragon is the tutelary deity of the sea, worshipped in Shinto faith as a water kami with rituals held to invoke it’s blessings in procuring agricultural rains and fishermen’s good fortune. "]
[2943,"奈良県","ロータスロード多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","鬼子母神","きしぼじん","kishibojin","寺院の北部には、鬼子母神に捧げられた別の社があります。これは、拉致された子どもたちの肉を自分の子に食べさせることで知られる神話上の女神であり悪魔です。","In the northern part of the temple is another shrine devoted to Kishibojin, a mythical demon-turned-goddess known for feeding the flesh of abducted children to her own offspring, who numbered in the hundreds. "]
[2944,"奈良県","世界遺産大峯奥駈道多言語化事業推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","修験道の行者","しゅげんどうのぎょうじゃ","Shugendo practitioners","修験道の行者は門をくぐるとき、修行が始まります。","Passing through the gates signals the beginning of the training for Shugendo practitioners."]
[2945,"奈良県","世界遺産大峯奥駈道多言語化事業推進協議会","工芸・美術品","金剛力士像","こんごうりきしぞう","Kongo Rikishi guardian","門の両側に安置されている約高さ5メートルの守護神の像、金剛力士立像は14世紀頃に制作された重要文化財です。","The gate is currently undergoing preservation work for the first time since the 1950s, and may be covered until 2030."]
[2946,"奈良県","世界遺産大峯奥駈道多言語化事業推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","蔵王権現","ざおうごんげん","Zao Gongen","金峯山寺に祀られている三体の蔵王権現像は、修験道の本尊です。","The three statues of Zao Gongen enshrined in the Zaodo (main hall) of Kinpusenji Temple are considered the most important figures."]
[2947,"奈良県","八十八面観音多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","十一面観音","じゅういちめんかんのん","Eleven-Headed Kannon","この壮麗な長谷寺の本堂は、初瀬山の南側の急斜面に建てられており、この寺の本尊である十一面観音像が祀られている。","The Main Hall of Hasedera stands on the steep southern slope of Mount Hatsuse and houses the Eleven-Headed Kannon, the temple’s principal object of worship. "]
[2948,"奈良県","八十八面観音多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","登廊","とろう","toro","この素晴らしい登廊は、長谷寺の本堂に至る主たる順路となっている。1039年、現在の奈良市にある春日大社の宮司であった中臣信清が、自分の息子が病から回復したことへの感謝の印として、この階段を建設した。","This covered stairway forms the principal approach to the Hasedera Temple Main Hall. It was built in 1039 by Nakatomi no Nobukiyo, the chief priest of Kasuga Taisha Shrine in what is now the city of Nara. "]
[2949,"奈良県","八十八面観音多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","入母屋造","いりもやづくり","irimoya zukuri","日本風の「入母屋造」と呼ばれる屋根の構造と、幅が16.3メートルある縁側を特徴としている。","The roof is constructed in the Japanese hip-and-gable style (irimoya-zukuri)."]
[2950,"奈良県","八十八面観音多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","法螺貝","ほらがい","horagai","千年以上にわたって受け継がれてきたもうひとつのしきたりが、法螺貝吹きである。","An equally time-honored observance is the sounding of the horagai conch. "]
[2951,"奈良県","八十八面観音多言語解説整備推進協議会","工芸・美術品","法華説相図","ほっけせっそうず","Hokke Sesso-zu","法華説相図と呼ばれるこの銅板は、白鳳時代（645〜710年）につくられたものであり、長谷寺の創設に関わる記述が記されている唯一の現存する資料である。","Known as the Hokke Sesso-zu, this bronze plaque contains the only surviving description of the establishment of Hasedera Temple."]
[2952,"奈良県","八十八面観音多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","長谷寺","はせでら","Hasedera","長谷寺は、日本の仏教の密教の一派、全国に3000寺ある真言宗の豊山派の総本山である。","Hasedera is the head temple of the Buzan branch of the Shingon sect of Buddhism. "]
[2953,"奈良県","八十八面観音多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","紀貫之","きのつらゆき","Kino Tsurayuki","登廊の横には1本の梅の木があり、これが紀貫之（872〜945年）の以下の和歌の題材となっている。","Beside the Covered Stairway is a plum tree that inspired this poem by Ki no Tsurayuki (872–945)."]
[2954,"奈良県","八十八面観音多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大安寺","だいあんじ","Daian ji","日本最古の仏教寺院のひとつである大安寺は、熊凝精舎にその起源がある。","One of Japan’s oldest Buddhist temples, Daianji Temple has undergone several transformations and name changes since its initial construction. Its origins lie in Kumagori Monastery"]
[2955,"奈良県","八十八面観音多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","菩薩観音","ぼさつかんのん","bosatsu kannon","高さ190.5センチメートルのこの像は、しばしば慈悲の女神と呼ばれる仏教の菩薩観音像である。","Standing 190.5 centimeters tall, this statue of the bodhisattva Kannon dates from the late eighth century."]
[2956,"奈良県","八十八面観音多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","楊柳観音","ようりゅうかんのん","yoryu kannon","楊柳観音は、楊柳、すなわちヤナギからその名が由来しており、しばしば柳の枝を持った姿で描写される。","Yoryu Kannon is named after the Japanese word for “willow,” and is thus often depicted holding a willow branch."]
[2957,"奈良県","八十八面観音多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","不空羂索観音","ふくうけんさくかんのん","Fuku Kensaku Kannon","不空羂索観音は8本の腕を持っていることが特徴である。","Fuku Kensaku Kannon is remarkable for its eight arms, which reinforce Kannon’s image as an all-embracing deity of compassion."]
[2958,"奈良県","八十八面観音多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","法華寺","ほっけじ","hokkeji","「法華寺」とは、ざっくりと「法の花の寺」と訳すことができる。","The name Hokkeji can be roughly translated as the Temple of the Flower of the Law. "]
[2959,"奈良県","八十八面観音多言語解説整備推進協議会","植物","カキツバタ","かきつばた","kakitsubata","この庭園は多くのカキツバタの花が有名で、毎年春に一斉に紫色の花弁を開く。","The garden is celebrated for its many Japanese irises (Iris laevigata), which bloom in an explosion of violet petals in May, to the delight of visitors. "]
[2960,"奈良県","八十八面観音多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","維摩居士","ゆいまこじ","Yuimakoji","この素晴らしい像は、維摩居士の像である。維摩居士は裕福な仏陀の支援者で、ヴィマラ・キールティとも呼ばれる。","This splendid statue represents Yuimakoji (Sk. Vimalakirti), a wealthy patron of the Shakyamuni Buddha described in a Buddhist sutra."]
[2961,"奈良県","八十八面観音多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","西大寺","さいだいじ","Saidaiji\n","平安後期の1145年に鳥羽天皇の御願によってつくられたもので、1289年に亀山天皇（1249〜1305年）の命により京都から西大寺に移された。"," It was commissioned by the Retired Emperor Gotoba (1180–1239) and made in 1145 in the latter part of the Heian period (794–1185), and in 1289 it was brought to Saidaiji from Kyoto on the order of Emperor Kameyama (1249–1305)."]
[2962,"奈良県","八十八面観音多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","東大寺","とうだいじ","Todaiji","西大寺（大きな西の寺）は、平城（奈良の旧名）の都の皇居の西に建てられ、東大寺（大きな東の寺）は皇居の東に建てられた。","Roughly translated as “Great Western Temple,” it was conceived as a counterpart to Todaiji Temple to the east, home of the Great Buddha of Nara. "]
[2963,"奈良県","八十八面観音多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","文殊","もんじゅ","monju","文殊は知恵の菩薩であり、獅子の上に座り、4人の従者に取り囲まれている。","The other great treasure in the Main Hall is a magnificent statue of Monju, the bodhisattva of wisdom, seated on a lion and surrounded by his four servants."]
[2964,"奈良県","八十八面観音多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","光明真言土砂加持大法会","こうみょうしんごんどしゃかじだいほうえ","Komyo Shingn Dosha Kaji Daiho-e","毎年10月に、本堂は「光明真言土砂加持大法会」と呼ばれる特別な真言律宗の宗教儀式に使用される。","Every October, the Main Hall is used for two special Shingon Ritsu religious services: Komyo Shingon Dosha Kaji Daiho-e (the Mantra of Light and the Sand Consecration Ceremony). "]
[2965,"奈良県","八十八面観音多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","叡尊","えいそん","Eison","死後は興正菩薩の名で呼ばれる僧の叡尊は、平安時代（794〜1185年）に荒廃していた西大寺を再興した。","The Buddhist priest Eison (1201–1290) revived Saidaiji Temple in the Kamakura period (1185–1333) after centuries of neglect."]
[2966,"奈良県","八十八面観音多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大茶盛式","おおちゃもりしき","Ochamori-shiki","始まりから750年以上たった今も、大茶盛は西大寺の人気の行事として受け継がれている。","More than 750 years after Eison introduced it, the Ochamori-shiki Tea Ceremony continues to be a popular event at Saidaiji."]
[2967,"奈良県","八十八面観音多言語解説整備推進協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","酒盛り","さかもり","sakamori","「茶」はお茶のことだが、大茶盛という言葉は「酒盛り」とかけており、仏教で禁じられている酒のかわりに皆でお茶を楽しむということを意味している。","The term ochamori is a play on sakamori, or drinking party, and signifies a convivial enjoyment of drinking tea (cha) rather than alcohol, which was proscribed in Buddhism."]
[2968,"奈良県","八十八面観音多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","愛染明王","あいぜんみょうおう","Aizen myo-o","これは仏教における知恵の王（明王）の一人である愛染明王の像である。","Aizen Myo-o is one of the Wisdom Kings in Buddhist belief."]
[2969,"奈良県","八十八面観音多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","五重塔","ごじゅうのとう","goju no to","高さ16.１メートルのこの五重塔は、屋外に建てられた塔としては日本で一番小さなものであり、法隆寺の塔に次いで2番目に古いものでもある。","At just 16.1 meters tall, this pagoda is both the smallest outdoor five-story pagoda in Japan and the second oldest after the pagoda at Horyuji Temple. "]
[2970,"奈良県","八十八面観音多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","鎧坂","よろいざか","Yoroi zaka","鎧坂（侍の鎧のように見えることからこの名がついた）の石段の頂上に位置する金堂は、9世紀に建てられたものであり、室生寺の中でも最古の建築のひとつとなっている。","Situated at the top of Yoroi-zaka (Armor Slope, so named for its resemblance to samurai armor), the Kondo Hall dates to the mid-ninth century, making it one of the oldest structures at Muroji."]
[2971,"奈良県","八十八面観音多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","室生寺","むろうじ","muroji","室生山の麓に立つ室生寺は、仏教の一派である真言宗の室生寺派の総本山である。","Located at the foot of Mount Muro, Muroji is the head temple of the Muroji branch of the Shingon sect of Buddhism."]
[2972,"奈良県","八十八面観音多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","女人高野","にょにんこうや","nyonin koya","女性は高野山の主な真言宗の寺院に入ることが禁じられているが、室生寺は女性を受け入れたため、鎌倉時代（1185〜1333年）から「女人高野」として知られている。","Females were barred from the major Shingon Buddhist temple complex at Mount Koya, but as Muroji welcomed them, it has been known as the “Women’s Koya” since the Kamakura period (1185–1333). "]
[2973,"奈良県","八十八面観音多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","宝相華","ほうそうげ","hosoge","光背には薬師如来を含む、東方にある七つの浄土(仏国士)の教主たちが描かれているほか、「宝相華」と呼ばれる花の文様と蔓も描かれている。","Scholars believe the statue was originally a Yakushi Nyorai (the Buddha of Healing), as its halo is adorned with the seven buddhas of the eastern pure lands, as well as hosoge floral patterns and vines. "]
[2974,"奈良県","八十八面観音多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","木心乾漆造り","もくしんかんしつづくり","mokushin kanshitu zukuri","木心乾漆造りで、もともとは全身に金箔が貼られていたが、何世紀もの時間を経て、その一部は剥がれ落ちてしまっている。","It was originally covered with gold leaf, but much has worn off over the centuries, exposing the lacquer and wooden core beneath."]
[2975,"奈良県","八十八面観音多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","地蔵菩薩","じぞうぼさつ","jizo bosatsu","この像は地蔵菩薩の像である。地蔵菩薩はすべての衆生の救済者であり、子供の守護者でもある。","Koyasu Enmei is a depiction of the bodhisattva Jizo, savior of sentient beings and protector of children. "]
[2976,"奈良県","八十八面観音多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","如来荒神","にょらいこうじん","nyorai kojin","複数の腕を持つ女神として描かれる如来荒神は、仏陀（如来）の優しい性質と、火やかまど、台所と関連の深い神道の神（荒神）の荒々しい性質が組みあわされた存在である。","Nyorai Kojin, represented as a multi-armed, feminine deity, combines the gentle nature of Nyorai (the Buddha) and the fierce aspects of Kojin, a Shinto god (kami) associated with fire, stoves, and kitchens."]
[2977,"奈良県","八十八面観音多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","毘沙門天","びしゃもんてん","bishamonten","猛々しい鎧をみにまとった戦士の姿をしている毘沙門天は、四天王の一人である。四天王とは、4つの方位を守護する仏教の神である。","Bishamonten, sculpted as a ferocious armed warrior, is one of the Four Heavenly Kings, Buddhist gods who watch over the four cardinal directions. "]
[2978,"奈良県","八十八面観音多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","弁財天","べんざいてん","benzaiten","弁財天は知恵や音楽と関係がある。","Benzaiten is both a Buddhist deity and a female kami associated with wisdom and music."]
[2979,"奈良県","八十八面観音多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","不動明王","ふどうみょうおう","fudo myo-o","炎のような光背を背に、忿怒の表情を見せる不動明王は、仏教における五大明王の一人で、日本の仏教の一派である真言宗においては重要な守護神として位置付けられている。","Finally, Fudo Myo-o, the wrathful deity with a halo of flames, is one of the Five Wisdom Kings in Buddhist mythology and an important protective figure in the Shingon sect of Buddhism.  "]
[2980,"奈良県","八十八面観音多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","聖林寺","しょうりんじ","shorinji","聖林寺は真言宗の寺であり、712年に藤原氏の繁栄を祈願するための場所として創建された。藤原氏は皇室と深いつながりを持っていた、有力な氏族であった。","Shorinji is a Buddhist temple of the Shingon sect. It was established in 712 as a place to pray for the prosperity of the Fujiwara clan, a powerful family closely connected with the imperial court."]
[2981,"奈良県","八十八面観音多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","古墳","こふん","kofun","3世紀の日本初の王朝の君主であった女王卑弥呼の墳墓（古墳）も遠くに見える。","The Hashihaka burial mound (kofun), thought by some researchers to be that of Queen Himiko, a third-century monarch of the first Japanese dynasty, is visible in the distance. "]
[2982,"奈良県","八十八面観音多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","法輪寺","ほうりんじ","horinji","法輪寺の創建の年代ははっきりしていないが、基礎的な物語が2つ存在している。","There are two stories of how Horinji Temple, also known as Miidera, came to be."]
[2983,"奈良県","八十八面観音多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","薬師如来","やくしにょらい","yakushi nyorai","薬師如来は、苦しむ者を仏教の教えという薬によって治癒する仏陀である。","The principal object of worship at Horinji is this statue of Yakushi Nyorai (the Buddha of Healing)."]
[2984,"奈良県","八十八面観音多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","施無畏印","せむいいん","semui-in","右手は恐れを取り除き保護を与える施無畏印のかたちで、左手は歓迎と願いの成就を表す与願印のかたちをしている。","Its right hand is in the semui-in position to dispel fear and grant protection, while its left hand is in the yogan-in position, a gesture indicating welcome and the granting of wishes."]
[2985,"奈良県","八十八面観音多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","与願印","よがんいん","yogan-in","右手は恐れを取り除き保護を与える施無畏印のかたちで、左手は歓迎と願いの成就を表す与願印のかたちをしている。","Its right hand is in the semui-in position to dispel fear and grant protection, while its left hand is in the yogan-in position, a gesture indicating welcome and the granting of wishes."]
[2986,"奈良県","八十八面観音多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","仏舎利","ぶっしゃり","busshari\n","日本の仏教における塔は崇拝の対象であり、しばしばその内部には仏舎利という遺物が収められ、仏陀の記念碑とも見なされる。","Pagodas in Japanese Buddhism are often said to contain relics and some of the ashes of the historical Buddha. They are regarded as memorials to the Shakyamuni Buddha. "]
[2987,"奈良県","八十八面観音多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","三重塔","さんじゅうのとう","sanju no to\n","法輪寺の創建時の三重塔は、1944年に落雷により破壊された。","Horinji’s original pagoda burned down in 1944 when it was struck by lightning."]
[2988,"奈良県","八十八面観音多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","虚空蔵","こくうぞう","kokuzo","仏教において宇宙と関連づけられている虚空蔵菩薩の像である。","Kokuzo is a bodhisattva associated with the sky in Buddhist mythology."]
[2989,"奈良県","八十八面観音多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","海龍王寺","かいりゅうおうじ","kairyuoji","海龍王寺の本尊であるこの像は、仏教の慈悲の女神として知られている慈悲の菩薩、観音の像である。","This statue of Kannon, also known as the bodhisattva of mercy, is the principal object of worship at Kairyuoji Temple."]
[2990,"奈良県","八十八面観音多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","玄昉","げんぼう","Genbo","寺にまつわる重要な物語には、仏教の僧、玄昉が登場する。","An early temple narrative relates that the eighth-century Buddhist priest Genbo had an important part in shaping Kairyuoji’s history."]
[2991,"奈良県","吉野町多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","修験道","しゅげんどう","Shugendo","修験道は文字通り、修験の道を意味し、断食、瞑想、経典の唱え、滝の下での祈りなどの禁欲的な修行を指します。","Shugendo literally means “the way of shugen,” which refers to ascetic practices such as fasting, meditation, chanting sutras,"]
[2992,"奈良県","吉野町多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","山伏","やまぶし","Yamabushi ","冬に滝の下でお経を唱えたことがあれば、修験道の修行が厳しいとされる理由が理解できます。山の修行者（山伏、「山で眠る人」を意味する）または修験者、「霊的訓練を受ける人」を意味する）は、凍りつくような寒さと息苦しい暑さ、そして断食、瞑想、長距離の歩行によって霊的な力を修養し、かれらの里の保護を助ける。","Shugendo practitioners have a reputation for toughness. These mountain ascetics (yamabushi, “those who sleep in the mountains” or shugenja, “those who undergo spiritual training”) subject themselves to freezing cold and stifling heat, as well as fasting, meditation, and long-distance endurance treks in the wilderness, all to develop spiritual powers and help protect their communities. "]
[2993,"奈良県","吉野町多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","高野山","こうやさん","Koyasan","和歌山県の高野山は、日本で最も尊敬される宗教的人物の1人である仏教僧空海（弘法大師; 774–835）によって819年に設立された山頂の宗教的な隠れ家です。寺院、学び舎、奥の院の大きな墓地の複合体で、高野山は何世紀にもわたって精神的な浄化と修行の場所として役立ってきました。","Located in Wakayama Prefecture, Mt. Koya, or Koyasan, is a mountaintop religious retreat established in 819 by the Buddhist monk Kukai (also known as Kobo Daishi; 774¬–835), one of Japan’s most venerated religious figures. With its complex of temples, schools, and the large graveyard Okunoin, Koyasan has served for centuries as a place of spiritual purification and learning. "]
[2994,"奈良県","吉野町多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","密教","みっきょう","mikkyo","訪問者は、この形式の密教を学び、体験することができます。","visitors can learn much about the school known as Esoteric Buddhism, or mikkyo in Japanese. ","※「Esoteric Buddhism」とも表記します。"]
[2995,"奈良県","吉野町多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","役行者","えんのぎょうじゃ","En no Gyoja","彼は、役行者または役小角として知られており（634–c。700）、山岳信仰と民俗信仰、神道、仏教、密教の信仰を組み合わせた高度に統合された宗教である修験道の創始者として知られる半伝説的な神秘家であり術師です。","This is En no Gyoja, or En the Ascetic (634–ca. 700), a legendary mystic and sorcerer who is recognized as the founder of Shugendo, a highly syncretic belief system that combines mountain worship and folk beliefs with Shinto, Buddhism, and Esoteric Buddhism. ","※「役小角(En no Ozunu)」とも知られています。"]
[2996,"奈良県","吉野町多言語解説協議会","植物","葛","くず","Kudzu","葛は巨大なつるです。","Kudzu are enormous vines:"]
[2997,"奈良県","吉野町多言語解説協議会","その他","陀羅尼助","だらにすけ","Daranisuke","近年、陀羅尼助丸は、ビーガンやオーガニック製品を購入する人々の間で人気を博しています。","In recent years, Daranisuke-Gan has become popular among vegans and people who buy organic products. "]
[2998,"奈良県","吉野町多言語解説協議会","植物","吉野の桜","よしののさくら","Yoshino’s Cherry Trees","吉野の約30,000本の桜は、霞桜を含む約200種類の桜の木です。","The roughly 30,000 cherry trees in Yoshino come in about 200 varieties including Kasumi zakura and the most commonly found, "]
[2999,"奈良県","吉野町多言語解説協議会","植物","吉野材","よしのすぎ、よしのひのき","Yoshinozai","奈良県の中心部に位置し、その77％が森林に覆われている吉野には、吉野材として知られる高品質の木材製品を生産する長い伝統があります。"," Yoshino has a long tradition of producing high-quality lumber products known as Yoshinozai, or Yoshino lumber, which is renowned for both its strength and pink-white color."]
[3000,"奈良県","奈良県地域観光資源多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神仏分離","しんぶつぶんり"," separation of Buddhism and Shinto","御廊は明治時代(1868–1912)に神仏分離令が出されるまで、仏教儀式に用いられていました。","The Oro was used for Buddhist rites until the Meiji period (1868–1912), when the government ordered the separation of Buddhism and Shinto."]
[3001,"奈良県","奈良県地域観光資源多言語解説整備推進協議会","その他","朱","しゅ","vermillion","4つの本殿に本朱を使っているのは春日大社だけです。","The vermillion used for the main four main shrine buildings is used only at Kasuga Shrine."]
[3002,"奈良県","奈良県地域観光資源多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","檜皮葺","ひわだぶき","cypress bark roof ","1916年に創建された浮見堂は、その檜皮葺の屋根のおかげで、日本の伝統建築の一端を示す素晴らしい例となっています。","The Ukimido was constructed in 1916, and its cypress bark roof especially makes it an excellent example of traditional Japanese architecture. "]
[3003,"奈良県","奈良県地域観光資源多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","武甕槌命","たけみかづちのみこと","Takemikazuchi no Mikoto, the god of thunder","春日大社には、武甕槌命(たけみかづちのみこと、雷の神)と別の三柱の神、経津主命（ふつぬしのみこと、剣の神）、天児屋根命（あめのこやねのみこと、知恵の神） 、比売神（ひめがみ、天児屋根命の妻である女神)の4柱の神が祀られています。","Four deities are enshrined at Kasuga Taisha Shrine: Takemikazuchi no Mikoto, the god of thunder; Futsunushi no Mikoto, the god of swords; Ame no Koyane no Mikoto, the god of wisdom; and the spouse of Ame no Koyane no Mikoto, a goddess called Himegami. "]
[3004,"奈良県","奈良県地域観光資源多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","経津主命","ふつぬしのみこと","Futsunushi no Mikoto, the god of swords","春日大社には、武甕槌命(たけみかづちのみこと、雷の神)と別の三柱の神、経津主命（ふつぬしのみこと、剣の神）、天児屋根命（あめのこやねのみこと、知恵の神） 、比売神（ひめがみ、天児屋根命の妻である女神)の4柱の神が祀られています。","Four deities are enshrined at Kasuga Taisha Shrine: Takemikazuchi no Mikoto, the god of thunder; Futsunushi no Mikoto, the god of swords; Ame no Koyane no Mikoto, the god of wisdom; and the spouse of Ame no Koyane no Mikoto, a goddess called Himegami. "]
[3005,"奈良県","奈良県地域観光資源多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","天児屋根命","あめのこやねのみこと","Ame no Koyane no Mikoto,  the god of wisdom","春日大社には、武甕槌命(たけみかづちのみこと、雷の神)と別の三柱の神、経津主命（ふつぬしのみこと、剣の神）、天児屋根命（あめのこやねのみこと、知恵の神） 、比売神（ひめがみ、天児屋根命の妻である女神)の4柱の神が祀られています。","Four deities are enshrined at Kasuga Taisha Shrine: Takemikazuchi no Mikoto, the god of thunder; Futsunushi no Mikoto, the god of swords; Ame no Koyane no Mikoto, the god of wisdom; and the spouse of Ame no Koyane no Mikoto, a goddess called Himegami. "]
[3006,"奈良県","奈良県地域観光資源多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","比売神","ひめがみ","spouse of Ame no Koyane no Mikoto, a goddess called Himegami","春日大社には、武甕槌命(たけみかづちのみこと、雷の神)と別の三柱の神、経津主命（ふつぬしのみこと、剣の神）、天児屋根命（あめのこやねのみこと、知恵の神） 、比売神（ひめがみ、天児屋根命の妻である女神)の4柱の神が祀られています。","Four deities are enshrined at Kasuga Taisha Shrine: Takemikazuchi no Mikoto, the god of thunder; Futsunushi no Mikoto, the god of swords; Ame no Koyane no Mikoto, the god of wisdom; and the spouse of Ame no Koyane no Mikoto, a goddess called Himegami. "]
[3007,"奈良県","奈良県地域観光資源多言語解説整備推進協議会","動物","ヒメハルゼミ","ひめはるぜみ","Hime Haru cicada","この森は、ヒメハルゼミなど貴重な動物種の住みかでもあります。","The forest includes such rare species as the Hime Haru cicada. "]
[3008,"奈良県","奈良県地域観光資源多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","釣灯籠","つりどうろう","bronze hanging lanterns","釣燈籠に火が点され、現在ここでは、毎年春日大社で行われる万燈籠が再現されています。","It now houses a display of bronze hanging lanterns that are lit to recreate the atmosphere of Mandoro, the annual lantern festival held at Kasuga Taisha Shrine."]
[3009,"奈良県","奈良県地域観光資源多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","万灯篭","まんどうろう"," annual lantern festival","釣燈籠に火が点され、現在ここでは、毎年春日大社で行われる万燈籠が再現されています。","It now houses a display of bronze hanging lanterns that are lit to recreate the atmosphere of Mandoro, the annual lantern festival held at Kasuga Taisha Shrine."]
[3010,"奈良県","奈良県地域観光資源多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神職の詰所","しんしょくのつめしょ","building used by Shinto priests attending at the shrine","この建物は、元々は神職のための詰め所です。","This building was originally used by Shinto priests attending at the shrine. "]
[3011,"奈良県","奈良県地域観光資源多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","石灯籠","いしどうろう","stone lanterns","江戸時代（1603〜1867）までは、春日大社では毎夜、約三千基もの石燈籠や青銅製の釣燈籠に火が点されていました。","Until the end of the Edo period (1603–1867), all the approximately 3,000 stone lanterns and bronze hanging lanterns were lit every night. "]
[3012,"奈良県","奈良県地域観光資源多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","天押雲根命","あめのおしくもねのみこと","Ameno Oshikumone no Mikoto, the kami of water and purification","1135年に創建され、主祭神として天押雲根命（あめのおしくもねのみこと）を祀っています。この神は、水と浄めに関わる神です。"," It was originally constructed in 1135 and is dedicated to Ameno Oshikumone no Mikoto, the kami of water and purification."]
[3013,"奈良県","奈良県地域観光資源多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","末社","まっしゃ","subsidiary shrine","周辺には15社の末社があり、人々が生きている間に遭遇する難儀から守ってくれる様々な神々を祀っています。","There are fifteen other subsidiary shrines, each honoring a Shinto deity that offers protection against the various troubles experienced in everyday life."]
[3014,"奈良県","奈良県地域観光資源多言語解説整備推進協議会","書物","万葉集","まんようしゅう","Man’yoshu","万葉集に登場する約300種類の植物を展示しています。万葉集は、日本で刊行された最古の歌集として知られるものです。","It contains approximately 300 species of the plants mentioned in the Man’yoshu, the oldest existing collection of Japanese poetry, which was compiled in the eighth century. "]
[3015,"奈良県","奈良県地域観光資源多言語解説整備推進協議会","紋章等 ","社紋\n家紋","しゃもん\nかもん","crest","春日大社の社紋に用いられており、モチーフとして巫女の頭飾りや社殿の装飾にも見ることができます。同様に藤の花は、奈良時代（710-784）に朝廷の要職を務め、春日大社を建立した藤原氏の家紋でもあります。","It is the crest of Kasuga Taisha Shrine and is used in the headdresses worn by shrine maidens. Wisteria is the official crest of the Fujiwara clan, who established Kasuga Taisha Shrine and held important posts in the imperial court in the Nara period (710–784)."]
[3016,"奈良県","奈良県地域観光資源多言語解説整備推進協議会","植物","砂ずりの藤","すなずりのふじ","Sunazuri no Fuji","春日大社の境内にある古い藤の木は、樹齢700年以上で、「砂ずりの藤」と呼ばれています。それは、「藤の花が砂に届いてしまうほど下がっている」という意味で、垂れ下がった花房が1メートル以上の長さにまで達することがあるからです。","Sunazuri no Fuji, the ancient wisteria growing on the grounds of Kasuga Taisha Shrine, is more than seven centuries old.Its name means “the wisteria with flowers drooping down to reach the sand” because its pendant clusters of flowers often measure more than one meter in length. "]
[3017,"奈良県","奈良県地域観光資源多言語解説整備推進協議会","工芸・美術品","絵巻","えまき","picture scroll ","この古木は、1309年に春日大社に奉納された絵巻の「春日権現験記」にも取り上げられています。","This wisteria is depicted in the Kasuga Gongen Genki, a picture scroll that was donated to Kasuga Taisha Shrine in 1309."]
[3018,"奈良県","奈良県地域観光資源多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","馬場","ばば","horse racing course","馬場は馬を走らせる場所で、春日大社の境内につづく参道沿いにあります。","The horse racing course runs along the approach to the main shrine compound of Kasuga Taisha Shrine. "]
[3019,"奈良県","奈良県地域観光資源多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","阿吽","あうん","aum, meaning the beginning and the end","阿吽は完了を意味し、また、万物の始まりと終わりを示しているのです。","Together, these two syllables form the sacred Sanskrit word “aum,” meaning the beginning and the end."]
[3020,"奈良県","奈良県地域観光資源多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","仁王","におう","two fierce warriors","こうした特徴は、日本の多くの仏教寺院の入口に置かれ、守護している仁王像にも見られます。","This “aum” feature can be seen at temples across Japan, including in the statues of two fierce warriors, or Nio, that are  found in Niomon, Nio gates."]
[3021,"奈良県","奈良県地域観光資源多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","注連縄","しめなわ","hemp rope","木の回りに結ばれている注連縄は、悪霊を避け、木が聖なる特性をもっていることを示します。","The hemp rope tied around the trunk wards off evil and indicates that the tree is sacred."]
[3022,"奈良県","奈良県地域観光資源多言語解説整備推進協議会","工芸・美術品","ひしゃく","ひしゃく","dipper","水をすくうにはひしゃくを使います。人の手を手水所の中に入れないようにしているのです。","Dippers are used to scoop up the water so people’s hands do not enter the fountain."]
[3023,"奈良県","奈良県地域観光資源多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","着到殿","ちゃくとうでん","Arrival Hall","着到殿は毎年3月に開かれる春日祭で勅使を迎えるときに使われます。","This Arrival Hall is used to welcome the Imperial Envoy at the beginning of the Kasuga Festival, which is held in March. "]
[3024,"奈良県","奈良県地域観光資源多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","勅使","ちょくし","Emperor's envoy","毎年、祭が始まる前に、天皇からの使者がこの着到殿で、古式に則り特別な儀式が執り行われます。","The festival is held to pray for the peace of the Japanese nation and its people, and special ancient rites are performed here by the Emperor's envoy at the start of the festival. "]
[3025,"奈良県","奈良県地域観光資源多言語解説整備推進協議会","山岳","霊山","れいざん","sacred mountain","一之鳥居は、春日大社の東にそびえる霊山、御蓋山の真西に建っています。","This gate lies directly west of Mt. Mikasa, the sacred mountain east of Kasuga Taisha Shrine. "]
[3026,"奈良県","奈良県地域観光資源多言語解説整備推進協議会","史跡","平城京","へいじょうきょう","Heijokyo, the first permanent capital of Japan, ","三条通りは、710年に成立した奈良の古都、平城京の中心に向かって一直線に走り、古都と神社をつなぐ道でもありました。","To the west of the torii is the Sanjo Road, which once connected Kasuga Taisha Shrine with the center of Heijokyo, the first permanent capital of Japan, which was established in 710."]
[3027,"奈良県","奈良県地域観光資源多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","春日鳥居","かすがとりい","Kasuga Torii","この様式は春日大社発祥のため、「春日鳥居」という名で知られています。一番上のまっすぐな横材と先細の支柱が特徴の鳥居としてはもっとも早くからあるものの一つです。","originated at Kasuga Taisha, hence the name “Kasuga Torii”.It is one of the earliest torii with straight top lintels and slightly tapered pillars.","※後続の文章で意味を補足"]
[3028,"奈良県","奈良県地域観光資源多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","薬師如来","やくしにょらい","Yakushi Nyorai, the bodhisattva of medicine and healing","仏教徒はこれらの同じ神々を、それぞれ釈迦如来（釈迦）、薬師如来（医学と癒しの仏）、地蔵菩薩（衆生を救う仏）、そして十一面観音（慈悲の仏）として崇めて参りました。","These gods are also worshipped by Buddhists respectively, as Shakyamuni, the historical Buddha, Yakushi Nyorai, the bodhisattva of medicine and healing, Jizo, the savior of all sentient beings, and the Eleven-Faced Kannon, the goddess of mercy. "]
[3029,"奈良県","奈良県地域観光資源多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","地蔵菩薩","じぞうぼさつ","Jizo, the savior of all sentient beings","仏教徒はこれらの同じ神々を、それぞれ釈迦如来（釈迦）、薬師如来（医学と癒しの仏）、地蔵菩薩（衆生を救う仏）、そして十一面観音（慈悲の仏）として崇めて参りました。","These gods are also worshipped by Buddhists respectively, as Shakyamuni, the historical Buddha, Yakushi Nyorai, the bodhisattva of medicine and healing, Jizo, the savior of all sentient beings, and the Eleven-Faced Kannon, the goddess of mercy. "]
[3030,"奈良県","奈良県地域観光資源多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","十一面観音","じゅういちめんかんのん","the Eleven-Faced Kannon, the goddess of mercy","仏教徒はこれらの同じ神々を、それぞれ釈迦如来（釈迦）、薬師如来（医学と癒しの仏）、地蔵菩薩（衆生を救う仏）、そして十一面観音（慈悲の仏）として崇めて参りました。","These gods are also worshipped by Buddhists respectively, as Shakyamuni, the historical Buddha, Yakushi Nyorai, the bodhisattva of medicine and healing, Jizo, the savior of all sentient beings, and the Eleven-Faced Kannon, the goddess of mercy. "]
[3031,"奈良県","奈良県地域観光資源多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","六道","ろくどう","rokudo","仏教の用語で六道という語は、存在の6つの状態、もしくは人間の魂が死後にたどる6つの異なる進路を指します。","The Buddhist term rokudo refers to six states of existence, or the six different paths that a human soul can follow after death. "]
[3032,"奈良県","奈良県地域観光資源多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","瀬織津姫","せおりつひめ","Shinto deity Seoritsuhime, the kami of exorcism","二之鳥居付近の手水所のそばにあります。ここに祀られている神は、瀬織津姫（祓いの神）です。","It is located near the purification fountain and enshrines the Shinto deity Seoritsuhime, the kami of exorcism. "]
[3033,"奈良県","奈良県地域観光資源多言語解説整備推進協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","鹿寄せ","しかよせ","Shika Yose, literally “Deer Gathering”","春日大社近くの飛火野では、観光イベントである鹿寄せが行われています。","Periodically a horn is used to summon all the deer to the Tobihino, the lawns near Kasuga Taisha Shrine, an event called Shika Yose, literally “Deer Gathering.”"]
[3034,"奈良県","奈良県地域観光資源多言語解説整備推進協議会","その他","陰陽","いんよう","yin and yang","太鼓の周りの木彫りの装飾の意匠は、陰陽道に基づいています。","The carved wooden decorations surrounding the drums represent flaming jewels and are based on the philosophy of yin and yang. "]
[3035,"奈良県","奈良県地域観光資源多言語解説整備推進協議会","工芸・美術品","金地螺鈿毛抜型太刀","きんじらでんけぬきがたたち","Kinjiraden Kenukigata Tachi Sword","金地螺鈿毛抜型太刀は春日大社で最も重要で大切にされている神聖な工芸品の1つです。","Kinjiraden Kenukigata Tachi sword is a National Treasure and is one of the most important sacred treasures of Kasuga Taisha Shrine. It is only rarely on public display. "]
[3036,"奈良県","奈良県地域観光資源多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","絵馬","えま","votive tablets","参拝者はこの神からの恩恵を期待して、お参りをし、ハート型の絵馬に願いを書きます。","Pilgrims write their wishes or prayers on heart-shaped votive tablets and dedicate them in the hope that the kami will fulfill their wishes."]
[3037,"奈良県","奈良県地域観光資源多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","善阿弥","ぜんあみ","Zen’ami ","大乗院の20番目の高僧、尋尊は、日本で最も有名な作庭家であった善阿弥に大乗院の庭の改造と修復を依頼しました。","Daijoin’s twentieth high priest, Jinson, arranged for Zen’ami , one of Japan’s most famous landscape designers, to restore the garden. "]
[3038,"奈良県","奈良県地域観光資源多言語解説整備推進協議会","社会","徳政一揆","とくせいいっき","Tokusei Ikki peasant revolt","その後、乱世の室町時代(1336-1573)、1451年の徳政一揆の際に、寺と庭園は再び焼失しました。","In the turbulent Muromachi period (1336–1573), the temple and its gardens were destroyed by fire again, in the 1451 Tokusei Ikki peasant revolt."]
[3039,"奈良県","奈良県地域観光資源多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","門跡","もんぜき"," abbots ","大乗寺の最初の門主は天皇家や身分の高い公家の者のみで、その多くは藤原家出身でした。","The original abbots of Daijoin were part of the Imperial family, or high-ranking court nobles, many of whom were Fujiwara clan members. "]
[3040,"和歌山県","橋本・伊都広域観光協議会","人物・人名・役職名","空海","くうかい","the priest Kukai (known posthumously as Kobo Daishi; 774-835)","仏教の一宗派である高野山真言宗の総本山は、816年に高野山の開祖である空海という僧（諡号 弘法大師、774-835）によって最初にこの地に創設されました。","The head temple of the Koyasan sect of Shingon Buddhism was first established on this spot in 816 by the priest Kukai (known posthumously as Kobo Daishi; 774-835), the founder of Koyasan. "]
[3041,"和歌山県","橋本・伊都広域観光協議会","集落・街","町石道","ちょういしみち","Choishi Michi (Stone Marker Trail) ","町石道(Stone Marker Trail)は、山の麓にある慈尊院と高野山の壇上伽藍にある奥之院をつなぐ参詣道です。","The Choishi Michi (Stone Marker Trail) is a pilgrimage route that connects Jisonin Temple, at the foot of the mountain, to Okunoin Temple in the monastic complex of Koyasan. "]
[3042,"和歌山県","橋本・伊都広域観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","曼荼羅","まんだら","mandala","この道は歩ける曼荼羅（胎蔵界五仏の象徴）ともされています。","The path is considered a walkable mandala, a symbol of the realm of the five buddhas of compassion. "]
[3043,"和歌山県","橋本・伊都広域観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","二ツ鳥居","ふたつとりい","Futatsu Torii","二ツ鳥居","Futatsu Torii (Double Torii Gates)","※スポット名"]
[3044,"和歌山県","橋本・伊都広域観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","壇上伽藍","だんじょうがらん","Danjo Garan temple","これらの二つの鳥居は、実相院から壇上伽藍の仏舎利塔までの道のりを3分の1ほど行ったところを示す120町石という町石道沿いの道標の近くに立っています。","These two torii gates stand near the 120th stone marker along the Choishi Michi (Stone Marker Trail), about one-third of the way between Jisonin Temple and the stupa in the Danjo Garan temple complex in Koyasan."]
[3045,"和歌山県","橋本・伊都広域観光協議会","人物・人名・役職名","丹生都比売大神","にうつひめのおおかみ"," Niutsuhime","空海は、女神である丹生都比売大神とその息子である高野御子大神（狩場明神）を祀ってこれらの鳥居を建てました。  ","He built the gates to honor the goddess Niutsuhime and her son Takanomiko (Kariba Myojin), the guardian deities of Koyasan. "]
[3046,"和歌山県","橋本・伊都広域観光協議会","人物・人名・役職名","高野御子大神（狩場明神）","たかのみこのおおかみ(かりばみょうじん)","Takanomiko (Kariba Myojin)","空海は、女神である丹生都比売大神とその息子である高野御子大神（狩場明神）を祀ってこれらの鳥居を建てました。  ","He built the gates to honor the goddess Niutsuhime and her son Takanomiko (Kariba Myojin), the guardian deities of Koyasan. "]
[3047,"和歌山県","橋本・伊都広域観光協議会","レジャー・アクティビティ","笠木峠","かさぎとうげ","Kasagi Pass","笠木峠は道中の重要な中継地であり、近くの笠木村の住民は、人夫や案内人として生活必需品や奉納する品を運び、労働力を提供しました。","Kasagi Pass was an important stop on the route, and residents from the nearby village of Kasagi would offer their services as porters and guides to carry daily necessities and offerings. "]
[3048,"和歌山県","橋本・伊都広域観光協議会","史跡","六地蔵と矢立の墓地林","ろくじぞうとやたてのぼちばやし","The Six Jizo Statues and Yatate Funerary Grounds","ろくじぞうとやたてのぼちばやし","The Six Jizo Statues and Yatate Funerary Grounds","※スポット名"]
[3049,"和歌山県","橋本・伊都広域観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","袈裟","けさ","kesa ","空海が袈裟（仏僧が着る衣服）を脱いでそれを岩のひとつのV字型のでっぱりに掛けたことから、この岩はこのように風変わりな名前になりました。二つの大岩の間にある狭い隙間を通れる人は長寿に恵まれるとされています。","He removed his kesa (a garment worn by Buddhist monks) and hung it from the V-shaped protrusion on one of the rocks, thereby giving the stones their unusual name. "]
[3050,"和歌山県","橋本・伊都広域観光協議会","岩石・洞窟","袈裟掛石","けさがけいし","Kesakake Rocks (Stole-Hanging Rocks)","この雷雨は、女性は袈裟掛石を超えてはならないという明白なしるしと受け取られ、空海の母は山を降りざるを得ませんでした。","Kesakake Rocks, and Kukai’s mother was forced to make her way back down the mountain. "]
[3051,"和歌山県","橋本・伊都広域観光協議会","岩石・洞窟","押上石","おしあげいし","Oshiage Rock (Lifted Rock)","押上石近くの小川は、母の涙でできたと言われています。","The small stream nearby the Oshiage Rock is said to have been formed by her tears."]
[3052,"和歌山県","橋本・伊都広域観光協議会","岩石・洞窟","鏡石","かがみいし","Kagami Ishi (Mirror Rock)","鏡石","Kagami Ishi (Mirror Rock)","※スポット名"]
[3053,"和歌山県","橋本・伊都広域観光協議会","史跡","一町石","いっちょうせき","The First Choishi Stone Marker","一町石","The First Choishi Stone Marker","※スポット名"]
[3054,"和歌山県","橋本・伊都広域観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","蛇腹路","じゃばらみち","Jabara Michi: Dragon’s-Belly Path","壇上伽藍と金剛峯寺をつなぐ小さな道は、蛇腹道（dragon’s-belly path）と呼ばれています。","This small path connecting the Danjo Garan temple complex to Kongobuji Temple is called the Jabara Michi, or “dragon’s-belly path.”"]
[3055,"和歌山県","橋本・伊都広域観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","黒河道","くろこみち","Kuroko Michi Trail","黒河道","Kuroko Michi Trail","※スポット名"]
[3056,"和歌山県","橋本・伊都広域観光協議会","建造物等","市平橋","いちだいらばし","Ichidaira-bashi","黒河道には、市平橋という木のつり橋、小さな滝、数々の仏像や地蔵のような興味深い見どころがあります。","Hikers will find interesting landmarks along the trail, like the Ichidaira-bashi suspension bridge, small waterfalls, and several stone Buddha and Jizo statues."]
[3057,"和歌山県","橋本・伊都広域観光協議会","レジャー・アクティビティ","京大坂道","きょうおおさかみち","Kyo Osaka Michi Trail","京大阪道","Kyo Osaka Michi Trail","※スポット名"]
[3058,"和歌山県","橋本・伊都広域観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","女人堂","にょにんどう","Nyonindo Hall","このルートの終点に近いところで、道は旧不動坂に合流します。旧不動坂は、女性の参詣者が女人堂に行くのに使われていました。","Toward the end of the route it connects with the former Fudozaka trail, which was used by female worshippers making their way to Nyonindo Hall."]
[3059,"和歌山県","橋本・伊都広域観光協議会","山岳","三谷坂","みたにざか","Mitanizaka Trail","三谷坂","Mitanizaka Trail","※スポット名"]
[3060,"和歌山県","橋本・伊都広域観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","丹生酒殿神社","にうさかどのじんじゃ","Niusakadono Jinja Shrine","三谷坂は、丹生都比売という女神が地上に降り立った場所と言われる丹生酒殿神社を、峠を経由して姉妹神社の丹生都比売神社まで繋ぐ参詣道です。","This trail connects Niusakadono Jinja Shrine, where the goddess Niutsuhime is said to have descended to earth, to Niutsuhime Jinja Shrine via a mountain pass."]
[3061,"和歌山県","橋本・伊都広域観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","頰切地蔵","ほぎれじぞう","Hokire Jizo","三谷坂の見どころのひとつは頰切地蔵という三面に仏の姿が刻まれている石で、この石は平安時代（794–1185）後期に彫られたと言われています。","One of the highlights on the trail is the Hokire Jizo, a stone with three carved images of the Buddha that is said to date back to the late Heian period (794–1185)."]
[3062,"和歌山県","橋本・伊都広域観光協議会","岩石・洞窟","笠石","かさいし","Kasa Ishi (Bamboo-Hat Rock)","笠石","Kasa Ishi (Bamboo-Hat Rock)","※スポット名"]
[3063,"和歌山県","橋本・伊都広域観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","丹生都比売神社","にうつひめじんじゃ","Niutsuhime Jinja Shrine","丹生都比売神社","Niutsuhime Jinja Shrine","※スポット名"]
[3064,"和歌山県","橋本・伊都広域観光協議会","書物","播磨国風土記","はりまのくにふどき","Harima no kuni fudoki","非常に古い歳時記である『播磨国風土記』によると、応神天皇が4世紀にこの地域を神々に捧げました。","According to the ancient almanac Harima no kuni fudoki, Emperor Ojin dedicated this area to the gods in the fourth century. "]
[3065,"和歌山県","橋本・伊都広域観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","鎌八幡宮","かまはちまんぐう","Kama Hachimangu","丹生酒殿神社の裏手にある鎌八幡宮は、三日月形の鎌が幹に深く打ち込まれている大きなイチイガシのご神木です。","Tucked behind Niusakadono Shrine, Kama Hachimangu is a large, sacred red-bark oak tree in which dozens of crescent-shaped sickles have been thrust, their blades deeply embedded in the trunk. "]
[3066,"和歌山県","橋本・伊都広域観光協議会","人物・人名・役職名","玉依御前","たまよりごぜん","Tamayori Gozen","玉依御前","Tamayori Gozen","※人名"]
[3067,"和歌山県","橋本・伊都広域観光協議会","人物・人名・役職名","弥勒菩薩（未来仏）","みろくぼさつ(みらいぶつ)","Miroku Bosatsu (the Buddha of the Future) ","母を偲んで、空海は弥勒菩薩（未来仏）と母の両方の像を彫りました。","To honor her memory, he carved statues of both the Miroku Bosatsu (the Buddha of the Future) and his mother."]
[3068,"和歌山県","橋本・伊都広域観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","弥勒堂","みろくどう","Mirokudo Hall","弥勒堂","Mirokudo Hall","※スポット名"]
[3069,"和歌山県","橋本・伊都広域観光協議会","工芸・美術品","木造弥勒仏坐像","もくぞうみろくぶつざぞう","Wooden Miroku Bosatsu Buddha Statue","木造弥勒仏坐像","Wooden Miroku Bosatsu Buddha Statue","※仏像\n(文章内の場合)\nこの木造弥勒仏坐像は弥勒堂に祀られています。\nThis wooden statue of Miroku Bosatsu, the Buddha of the Future, is enshrined within Mirokudo Hall. "]
[3070,"和歌山県","橋本・伊都広域観光協議会","建造物等","築地壁","ついじべい","Tsuijibei Wall","築地壁","Tsuijibei Wall","※スポット名"]
[3071,"和歌山県","橋本・伊都広域観光協議会","岩石・洞窟","下乗石","げじょういし","Gejou Ishi (Dismounting Stone)","下乗石","Gejou Ishi (Dismounting Stone)","※スポット名"]
[3072,"和歌山県","橋本・伊都広域観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","丹生官省符神社","にうかんしょうふじんじゃ","Niukanshofu Jinja Shrine","丹生官省符神社","Niukanshofu Jinja Shrine","※スポット名"]
[3073,"和歌山県","橋本・伊都広域観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","猿田彦神社","さるたひこじんじゃ","Sarutahiko Shrine","もとは猿田彦神社と呼ばれていたこの神社は、816年に創建されました。","This shrine, originally called Sarutahiko Shrine, was built in 816."]
[3074,"和歌山県","橋本・伊都広域観光協議会","人物・人名・役職名","宮大工","みやだいく","miyadaiku ","本殿の建築と装飾は極めて精緻です。和歌山県の宮大工（神社の建設と補修を専門にする熟練の大工）は昔から高い木工技術で名をはせてきました。","Wakayama Prefecture’s miyadaiku—master carpenters who specialize in building and maintaining shrines—have long been celebrated for their woodworking skills."]
[3075,"和歌山県","橋本・伊都広域観光協議会","工芸・美術品","隅田八幡神社人物画象鏡","すだはちまんじんじゃじんぶつがぞうきょう","The Bronze Mirror of Suda Hachiman Jinja Shrine","隅田八幡神社人物画象鏡","The Bronze Mirror of Suda Hachiman Jinja Shrine"]
[3076,"和歌山県","橋本・伊都広域観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","子安地蔵寺","こやすじぞう","Koyasujizo Temple","子安地蔵寺という丘の頂上に建てられた小さな建物は、樹齢100年の藤が敷地のあちこちで蔓を伸ばし、5月初旬には紫色の花を咲かせる「花の寺」として知られています。","A small structure perched on top of a hill, Koyasujizo Temple is known as the “flower temple” for the long trellises of 100-year-old wisteria trees that wind around the grounds and bloom purple in early May. "]
[3077,"和歌山県","橋本・伊都広域観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","応其寺","おうごうじ","Ogo Temple","応其寺","Ogo Temple","※スポット名"]
[3078,"和歌山県","橋本・伊都広域観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","宝来山神社","ほうらいざんじんじゃ","Horaisan Jinja Shrine","宝来山神社","Horaisan Jinja Shrine","※スポット名"]
[3079,"和歌山県","橋本・伊都広域観光協議会","集落・街","串柿の里","くしがきのさと","Kushigaki no Sato (the Land of Dried Persimmons)","串柿の里","Kushigaki no Sato (the Land of Dried Persimmons)","※スポット名"]
[3080,"和歌山県","橋本・伊都広域観光協議会","食","初桜酒造","はつざくらしゅぞう","Hatsuzakura Sake Brewery","初桜酒造","Hatsuzakura Sake Brewery","※スポット名"]
[3081,"和歌山県","橋本・伊都広域観光協議会","史跡","中飯降遺跡","なかいぶりいせき","Nakaiburi Jomon Site","中飯降遺跡","Nakaiburi Jomon Site","※スポット名"]
[3082,"和歌山県","橋本・伊都広域観光協議会","温泉","やどり温泉","やどりおんせん","Yadori Onsen ","やどり温泉は、高野山と橋本駅の中間に位置する小さな温泉宿です。","Yadori Onsen is a small hot spring hotel set halfway between Koyasan and Hashimoto Station."]
[3083,"和歌山県","橋本・伊都広域観光協議会","工芸・美術品","紀州へら竿","きしゅうへらざお","Kishu Hera Zao ","100年以上にわたり、橋本の職人たちは地元に茂る竹の一種を使って紀州へら竿と呼ばれる手作りのしなやかな釣り竿を生産してきました。","For over 100 years, Hashimoto craftsmen have been creating the flexible handmade fishing rods known as kishu hera zao from a type of bamboo that grows profusely in the area."]
[3084,"和歌山県","橋本・伊都広域観光協議会","その他","へら鮒","へらふな","crucian carp ","へら竿は、ほとんどの小型から中型の魚を釣るのに使うことができますが、地元では主に特徴的な鈎が二つある仕掛けを使ってへら鮒（Carassius cuvieri）を釣るのに使われます。","While they can be used to catch most small to mid-sized fish, the rods are mainly used locally to catch crucian carp (Carassius cuvieri), using a characteristic double hook."]
[3085,"和歌山県","高野山多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","女人堂","にょにんどう","nyonindo hall","女人堂は集会所であり休憩所でした。また、宿泊所でもありましたが、女人堂の多くは、数人が並んで眠るのがやっとというスペースしかありませんでした。","The nyonindo halls were meeting and resting points, as well as lodgings, although most of the halls were barely large enough for several people to sleep in side by side. ","※「nyonindo」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「Women's hall」も使用することも可能。"]
[3086,"和歌山県","高野山多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","女人道","にょにんみち","Nyonin　Michi","女人道は且つて女性巡礼者が高野山を一周するために使ったルートである。","The Women’s Pilgrimage Route, or Nyonin Michi, is the route female pilgrims once used to circumnavigate Koyasan…","※ネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「Women’s Pilgrimage Route」も使用することも可能。"]
[3087,"和歌山県","高野山多言語解説整備推進協議会","植物","常緑樹","こうりゃくじゅ","evergreen","斜面にはコウヤマキが生えています。この常緑樹は日本の固有種で、2億年以上もの間この地に植生しています。","The slopes are also home to koyamaki, or Japanese umbrella pines, an evergreen species unique to Japan that has grown here for over 200 million years. ","※植物の話をしているため常緑樹の「樹」は[種（species)」で省略"]
[3088,"和歌山県","高野山多言語解説整備推進協議会","植物","コウヤマキ","こうやまき","Japanese umbrella pines","斜面にはコウヤマキが生えています。この常緑樹は日本の固有種で、2億年以上もの間この地に植生しています。","The slopes are also home to koyamaki, or Japanese umbrella pines, an evergreen species unique to Japan that has grown here for over 200 million years. ","※「koyamaki」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[3089,"和歌山県","高野山多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","参道","さんどう","pilgrimage route","江戸時代（1603–1867）には、女人道は、高野山への参道の役割と同時に、紀伊半島を旅するために重要な道でもありました。 ","During the Edo period (1603–1867), the Nyonin Michi served as both an access and a pilgrimage route to Koyasan, as well as an important travel route for the Kii Peninsular region"]
[3090,"和歌山県","高野山多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","壇上伽藍","だんじょうがらん","Danjo Garan Sacred Temple Complex","特に旅人たちはこの女人堂から巨大な大門を見ることができました。大門は壇上伽藍の正式な入口です。"," This particular nyonindo hall offered travelers a view of the massive Daimon, or Great Gate, that serves as the official entrance to the Danjo Garan Sacred Temple Complex. "]
[3091,"和歌山県","高野山多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","山伏","やまぶし","mountain ascetic priest","大峰山は最も聖なる山の一つで、山の中で苦行を行う行者である山伏の修行に重要な役割を果たしていました。","Mt. Omine, one of Japan’s most sacred mountains, which played an important role in the training of yamabushi, or mountain ascetic priests."]
[3092,"和歌山県","高野山多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","瞑想","めいそう","meditation","この塔は祈りの場としてだけでなく、真言僧侶の訓練や瞑想にとって重要であるツール、胎蔵界の立体曼荼羅を設立するためでした。","The pagoda was intended not only to serve as a place of worship, but also to contain a three-dimensional representation of the Womb Realm Mandala for use by Shingon priests as an important tool for training and ongoing meditation."]
[3093,"和歌山県","高野山多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","胎蔵界の立体曼荼羅","たいぞうかいのりったいまんだら","three-dimensional representation of the Womb Realm Mandala","この塔は祈りの場としてだけでなく、真言僧侶の訓練や瞑想にとって重要であるツール、胎蔵界の立体曼荼羅を設立するためでした","The pagoda was intended not only to serve as a place of worship, but also to contain a three-dimensional representation of the Womb Realm Mandala for use by Shingon priests as an important tool for training and ongoing meditation."]
[3094,"和歌山県","高野山多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","真言密教","しんごんみっきょう","Shingon sect of Buddhism","この不動堂は一般公開ではございませんが、真言密教において特に尊ばれている不動明王（サンスクリット語ではAcala と呼ばれています）と、不動明王につき従う8人の八大童子が祀られています。","The hall, which is not open to the public, enshrines images of Fudo Myoo, known in Sanskrit as Acala, a highly venerated deity in the Shingon sect of Buddhism, along with his eight attendants."]
[3095,"和歌山県","高野山多言語解説整備推進協議会","その他","在来種","ざいらいしゅ","native species","この森は本州北部の在来種と温帯系の二次林が並んで自然に生息している、日本では珍しい場所の1つです。","This forest is one of the few places in Japan where native species from northern Honshu grow naturally alongside a secondary forest of temperate zone plants. "]
[3096,"和歌山県","高野山多言語解説整備推進協議会","その他","温帯系の二次林","おんたいけいのにじりん","secondary forest of temperate zone plants","この森は本州北部の在来種と温帯系の二次林が並んで自然に生息している、日本では珍しい場所の1つです。","This forest is one of the few places in Japan where native species from northern Honshu grow naturally alongside a secondary forest of temperate zone plants. "]
[3097,"和歌山県","高野山多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","国西方浄土","ほとけのくにさいほうじょうど","Pure Land Buddhist paradise","西は仏の国西方浄土、また高野山の開祖弘法大師（774～835）が真言密教を学びもたらした中国（唐）の方角でもあります。","Koyasan’s great gate faces west, in the direction of the Pure Land Buddhist paradise—and China, where Koyasan’s founder, Kobo Daishi (774–835), also known as Kukai, studied Shingon Buddhism before bringing esoteric Buddhist teachings back to Japan."]
[3098,"和歌山県","高野山多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","檜屋根","ひのきやね","roofs of hinoki bark","御社の入り口に立つ鳥居を越えた木々の上に浮かぶこの神社は、檜屋根をはじめとする伝統的な神道建築を特徴に持っています。","The shrines, which can be seen rising above the trees beyond the torii gate at the entrance to Miyashiro Shrine, feature traditional Shinto architecture, including roofs of hinoki (Japanese cypress) bark."]
[3099,"和歌山県","高野山多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","炎の光背","ほのおのこうはい","halo of fire","不動明王は顰めっ面で、剣と縄を持ち、炎の光背と共に表現される事が多いです。","Fudo is often portrayed as scowling, carrying a sword and rope, and surrounded by a halo of fire."]
[3100,"和歌山県","高野山多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","三鈷杵","さんこしょう","double-ended, three-pronged ceremonial scepter","弘法大師は中国を離れる前に、三鈷杵を日本に向けて投げました。","Legend says that just before leaving China, Kobo Daishi threw his sankosho (a double-ended, three-pronged ceremonial scepter) toward Japan."]
[3101,"和歌山県","高野山多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","弟子","でし","disciples","その後は、想いが引き継がれ、弟子であり継承者の真善大徳が中心となって弟子たちによって弘法大師が弘法大師の思い描く壇上伽藍を実現しました。","Thereafter, his disciple and successor, Daitoku Shinzen, along with a number of other disciples, spearheaded the effort to complete the grand Danjo Garan complex that Kobo Daishi had envisioned."]
[3102,"和歌山県","高野山多言語解説整備推進協議会","その他","継承者","こうけいしゃ","successor","その後は、想いが引き継がれ、弟子であり継承者の真善大徳が中心となって弟子たちによって弘法大師が弘法大師の思い描く壇上伽藍を実現しました。","Thereafter, his disciple and successor, Daitoku Shinzen, along with a number of other disciples, spearheaded the effort to complete the grand Danjo Garan complex that Kobo Daishi had envisioned."]
[3103,"和歌山県","高野山多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","仁王","におう","nio","大門の両脇には巨大な仁王像があります。仁王は高野山の守護神です。","Two massive statues of nio, or guardian kings, stand in the bays on either side of the Daimon. ","※「nio」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「guardian king」も使用することも可能。"]
[3104,"和歌山県","高野山多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","地蔵","じぞう","bodhisattva Jizo","黒河峠の小さな木造の祠にはお地蔵があります。","A small wooden shrine at Kuroko Pass houses a statue of the bodhisattva Jizo."]
[3105,"和歌山県","高野山多言語解説整備推進協議会","社会","守護者","しゅごしゃ","protector","その時からずっと、この女神は、高野山の重要な守護者、擁護者です。","Since that time, the goddess has been an important protector and patroness of Koyasan."]
[3106,"和歌山県","高野山多言語解説整備推進協議会","その他","擁護者","ようごしゃ","patroness","その時からずっと、この女神は、高野山の重要な守護者、擁護者です。","Since that time, the goddess has been an important protector and patroness of Koyasan.","※女性の神の話であるため女性形単語の「patroness」と使用します。男性形は「patron]になります。"]
[3107,"和歌山県","高野山多言語解説整備推進協議会","その他","紀伊半島","きいはんとう","Kii Peninsular region","女人道は、高野山への参道の役割と同時に、紀伊半島を旅するために重要な道でもありました。","The Nyonin Michi served as both an access and a pilgrimage route to Koyasan, as well as an important travel route for the Kii Peninsular region. "]
[3108,"和歌山県","高野山多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","尖塔","せんとう","spire","雨や風の際には、来場者は、尖塔に繋がる数々の風鐸が鳴るのを楽しめます。","In the rain, or in windy conditions, visitors can hear the ringing of the dozens of bronze wind bells connected to the spire."]
[3109,"和歌山県","高野山多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","風鐸","ふうたく","bronze wind bell","雨や風の際には、来場者は、尖塔に繋がる数々の風鐸が鳴るのを楽しめます。","In the rain, or in windy conditions, visitors can hear the ringing of the dozens of bronze wind bells connected to the spire."]
[3110,"和歌山県","高野山多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","弘法大師","こうぼうだいし","Kobo Daishi","この3つの山は、奥之院にある、空海とも呼ばれ弘法大師(774-835)という、高野山を開いた日本の僧侶が永遠に瞑想をしている御廟の番をしていると信じられています。","It is believed that these three mountains stand guard over the mausoleum (Gobyo) at Okunoin where Kobo Daishi (774–835), originally known as Kukai, the Japanese Buddhist priest who founded Koyasan, remains in eternal meditation."]
[3111,"和歌山県","高野山多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","空海","くうかい","Kukai","この3つの山は、奥之院にある、空海とも呼ばれ弘法大師(774-835)という、高野山を開いた日本の僧侶が永遠に瞑想をしている御廟の番をしていると信じられています。","It is believed that these three mountains stand guard over the mausoleum (Gobyo) at Okunoin where Kobo Daishi (774–835), originally known as Kukai, the Japanese Buddhist priest who founded Koyasan, remains in eternal meditation."]
[3112,"和歌山県","高野山多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","巡礼者","じゅんれいしゃ","pilgrims","女人堂は女人道を旅する巡礼者やその他の人々に、重要な集会所や休憩所になっていました。","Although small, the halls provided important meeting and resting spots for pilgrims and other people traveling the Nyonin Michi."]
[3113,"和歌山県","高野山多言語解説整備推進協議会","山岳","高野三山","こうやさんざん","Koya Sanzan","摩尼山、楊柳山、転軸山という3つの聖山は、まとめて高野三山と呼ばれています。","The three holy peaks of Mt. Mani, Mt. Yoryu, and Mt. Tenjiku are often referred to collectively as the Koya Sanzan, or Three Mountains of Koyasan. ","※固有名詞として「Koya Sanzan」で示すが、ネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「Three Mountains of Koyasan」も使用することも可能。"]
[3114,"和歌山県","高野山多言語解説整備推進協議会","植物","一本杉","いっぽんすぎ","Ipponsugi","目印の「一本杉」にある十字路への近道は、この場所で女人道から分岐しています。","A shortcut path to the crossroads at a landmark named “Ipponsugi” (Single Cedar) branches off from the Nyonin Michi at this location.","※固有名詞として「Ipponsugi」で示すが、ネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「Single Cedar」も使用することも可能。"]
[3115,"和歌山県","（吉野熊野国立公園）南紀熊野ジオパーク推進協議会","海岸・岬","海岸段丘","かいがんだんきゅう","coastal terrace","千畳敷は白浜にある隆起した海岸段丘です。","Senjojiki is a raised coastal terrace in Shirahama. "]
[3116,"和歌山県","（吉野熊野国立公園）南紀熊野ジオパーク推進協議会","その他","構造プレート","こうぞうぷれーと","tectonic plates","構造プレートがゆっくりとこれらの岩盤を海上へ押し上げ、波が表面を侵食して滑らかにし、凸凹とした斜面を形成しました。","As tectonic plates slowly push these rocks out of the sea, waves erode their surfaces, smoothing them and creating their uneven slopes. "]
[3117,"和歌山県","（吉野熊野国立公園）南紀熊野ジオパーク推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","菩薩","ぼさつ","bodhisattva","馬頭観音菩薩は動物の守護者であると考えられていて、災難を払うということでも崇拝されています。","The Bato Kannon bodhisattva is considered a protector of animals and is also worshipped to ward off misfortune. "]
[3118,"和歌山県","（吉野熊野国立公園）南紀熊野ジオパーク推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","苦行","くぎょう","ascetic practices","修験道には、山岳信仰を基本とする民間信仰の苦行を伴う修行が取り入れられていましたが、平安時代（794~1185年）からここで修行が行われていました。","Shugendo, a folk religion based in mountain worship that involves ascetic practices, has been practiced here since the Heian period (794–1185). "]
[3119,"和歌山県","（吉野熊野国立公園）南紀熊野ジオパーク推進協議会","自然現象","地殻変動","ちかくへんどう","cataclysmic","一枚岩は非常に滑らかですが、その一方で、近くにある他の岩の多くは、同じ地殻変動の間に形成されたものの、酷く侵食されていて蜂の巣状になっています。","Ichimai Iwa is remarkably smooth, whereas many of the other nearby rocks that were formed during the same cataclysmic event are severely eroded and have a honeycomb texture. "]
[3120,"和歌山県","（吉野熊野国立公園）南紀熊野ジオパーク推進協議会","その他","最先端","さいせんたん","state-of-the-art","南紀熊野ジオパークセンターは最先端の施設で、熊野ジオパークの地層を詳しく見せてくれます。フェニックス褶曲や、千畳敷、橋杭岩、瀞峡、古座川の一枚岩なども取り上げられています。","Nanki Kumano Geopark Center is a state-of-the-art facility providing an in-depth look at Kumano Geopark’s geological formations, including features like the Phoenix Fold, the Senjojiki Rock Terrace, the Hashigui Iwa Rocks, Dorokyo Gorge, and Ichimai Iwa Monolith. "]
[3121,"和歌山県","（吉野熊野国立公園）南紀熊野ジオパーク推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","地層","ちそう","geological formations","南紀熊野ジオパークセンターは最先端の施設で、熊野ジオパークの地層を詳しく見せてくれます。フェニックス褶曲や、千畳敷、橋杭岩、瀞峡、古座川の一枚岩なども取り上げられています。","Nanki Kumano Geopark Center is a state-of-the-art facility providing an in-depth look at Kumano Geopark’s geological formations, including features like the Phoenix Fold, the Senjojiki Rock Terrace, the Hashigui Iwa Rocks, Dorokyo Gorge, and Ichimai Iwa Monolith. "]
[3122,"和歌山県","（吉野熊野国立公園）南紀熊野ジオパーク推進協議会","その他","霊薬","れいやく","elixir","彼は2,200年以上前、中国の皇帝から蓬莱山にある不老不死の霊薬を探しに、日本へ航海をするように命じられました。","Over 2,200 years ago, he was ordered by the Chinese emperor to sail to Japan to discover the elixir of eternal life on Mt. Horai. "]
[3123,"和歌山県","（吉野熊野国立公園）南紀熊野ジオパーク推進協議会","自然現象","褶曲","しゅうきょく","tectonic fold","フェニックス褶曲は構造褶曲のとても良い例です。","The Phoenix Fold is an excellent example of a tectonic fold. "]
[3124,"和歌山県","（吉野熊野国立公園）南紀熊野ジオパーク推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","地下の岩脈","ちかのがんみゃく","subterranean formation","古座川弧状岩脈と呼ばれる地下の岩脈は、地表にお湯を運ぶ岩の道だと考えられています。","A subterranean formation called the Kozagawa Dike is thought to be the rock pathway that brings the heated water to the surface. "]
[3125,"和歌山県","（吉野熊野国立公園）南紀熊野ジオパーク推進協議会","自然現象","地熱","ちねつ","geothermal energy","温泉水は火山活動ではなく地熱で温められています。","The water is heated by geothermal energy rather than volcanic activity. "]
[3126,"和歌山県","（吉野熊野国立公園）南紀熊野ジオパーク推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","岩脈","がんみゃく","dike","冷却されたマグマが現在の延長22kmの岩脈を形成しています。","The cooled magma now forms a 22-kilometer long dike. "]
[3127,"和歌山県","（吉野熊野国立公園）南紀熊野ジオパーク推進協議会","その他","農業の規定","のうぎょうのきてい","agricultural regulations","じゃばらは新しい果物の種類として1979年に登録され、最近までは農業の規定によって唯一の生産地となり、非常に地域に特化した生産品でした。","Jabara was registered as a new fruit variety in 1979 and, until recently, agricultural regulations stipulated that this was the only region that could produce the fruit, making it a highly localized specialty. "]
[3128,"和歌山県","（吉野熊野国立公園）南紀熊野ジオパーク推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","火成岩","かせいがん","igneous rock","もろい泥岩が海によって侵食され、硬い火成岩が壁の様に露出して残り、後に柱の様な石に分かれていきました。","The surrounding weak mudstone has been eroded by the sea, leaving the harder igneous rock exposed as a solid wall. "]
[3129,"和歌山県","（吉野熊野国立公園）南紀熊野ジオパーク推進協議会","自然現象","地震活動","じしんかつどう","seismic activity","ギザギザの物が平らな岩盤の土台にそびえ立ち、突き刺さっているように見えますが、これは地震活動と地殻運動による力の結果です。","The jagged formations that seem to pierce and rise upwards through the flat bed of rock are the result of seismic activity and tectonic forces. "]
[3130,"和歌山県","（吉野熊野国立公園）南紀熊野ジオパーク推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","マグマ溜まり","まぐまだまり","magma chamber","地下のマグマ溜まりがこれを温め、熱が取れた時には磁器のように固く脆くなりました。","An underground magma chamber heated it, leaving it hard and brittle like porcelain when it cooled. "]
[3131,"和歌山県","（吉野熊野国立公園）南紀熊野ジオパーク推進協議会","その他","縦に裂け目","たてにさけめ","vertical fissures","海岸のハイライトは鳥毛洞窟で、2つの大きなくぼみが何千万年もかけてゆっくりと波に侵食され、縦に裂け目が形成されました。","A highlight of the coastline is the Torige Caves, two large hollows formed by tens of millions of years of waves slowly eroding the rock along vertical fissures. "]
[3132,"和歌山県","（吉野熊野国立公園）南紀熊野ジオパーク推進協議会","動物","粘菌","ねんきん","slime mold","新種の粘菌をいくつか発見し、熊野の山中で標本を収集しました。","He discovered several new species of slime mold and collected samples in the mountains of Kumano. "]
[3133,"和歌山県","（吉野熊野国立公園）南紀熊野ジオパーク推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神社合祀政策","じんじゃごうしせいさく","shrine consolidation policy","1906年に明治政府は神社合祀政策を発令しました。","In 1906, the Meiji government introduced a shrine consolidation policy to reduce the number of shrines as part of its effort to regularize and control shrines around the country. "]
[3134,"和歌山県","（吉野熊野国立公園）南紀熊野ジオパーク推進協議会","動物","サンゴの群落","さんごのぐんらく","coral communities","湿地地域を保全するための国際条約であるラムサール条約は、ここの海岸の一部とそのサンゴの群落を保護しています。","The Ramsar Convention, an international treaty for the conservation of wetland areas, protects some of the coast here and the coral communities within it. "]
[3135,"和歌山県","（吉野熊野国立公園）南紀熊野ジオパーク推進協議会","その他","くぼみ","くぼみ","potholed","滝ノ拝は古座川の支流である小川にある、200mに及ぶくぼみだらけ岩床を切るように流れる小さくも力強い滝です。","Takinohai is a 200-meter stretch of the Kogawa River, a tributary of the Kozagawa River, which cuts through potholed bedrock, forming a small but powerful waterfall. "]
[3136,"和歌山県","（吉野熊野国立公園）南紀熊野ジオパーク推進協議会","自然現象","泥ダイアピル","どろだいあぴる\n","mud diapir","この様な泥ダイアピルが見られる、国内では最適な場所のひとつと言えるでしょう。","The mud diapir here is one of the best such examples in Japan."]
[3137,"和歌山県","（吉野熊野国立公園）南紀熊野ジオパーク推進協議会","自然現象","地質上の貫入","ちしつじょうのかんにゅう","geological intrusion","地質上の貫入で、ダイアピルと呼ばれています。","This is a type of geological intrusion known as a diapir. "]
[3138,"和歌山県","（吉野熊野国立公園）南紀熊野ジオパーク推進協議会","自然現象","構造上引き起こされた割れ目","こうぞうじょうひきおこされたわれめ","tectonically induced fractures","きめの細かい沈殿物が構造上引き起こされた割れ目に沿って、泥岩と砂岩を貫きます。","A fine-grained sediment has penetrated the mudstone and sandstone along tectonically induced fractures. "]
[3139,"和歌山県","（吉野熊野国立公園）南紀熊野ジオパーク推進協議会","その他","変形しやすい素材","へんけいしやすいそざい","deformable material","この現象は、しなやかで変形しやすい素材（粘土のように曲げたり動かせる岩石）が、上に重なっているよりもろい石を貫くようにして起こります。","They occur when a ductile, deformable material (a rock that can bend or flow, like clay) penetrates more brittle overlying rocks. "]
[3140,"和歌山県","（吉野熊野国立公園）南紀熊野ジオパーク推進協議会","その他","抗ヒスタミン","こうひすたみん","antihistamine","オレンジとレモンの間のような酸味があり、抗ヒスタミンの特性を持っていると言われています。 ","Jabara has a tart flavor somewhere between an orange and lemon and is purported to have antihistamine properties. "]
[3141,"鳥取県 ","（山陰海岸国立公園）鳥取砂丘未来会議","山岳","大山","だいせん","Mount Daisen","現在の地質年代である地表部分の下には、約6万年前に発生した噴火で70キロ離れた大山から吹き飛ばされた灰と小石があります。","Beneath the surface sand of our current geologic epoch lie volcanic ash and pumice blown from an eruption of Mount Daisen, 70 kilometers away, some 60,000 years ago. "]
[3142,"鳥取県 ","（山陰海岸国立公園）鳥取砂丘未来会議","食","らっきょう","らっきょう","Rakkyo","らっきょう畑見学 ","Rakkyo shallot field visits"]
[3143,"鳥取県 ","（山陰海岸国立公園）鳥取砂丘未来会議","芸能・興行・イベント","民藝","みんげい","mingei","医師であり、民芸運動の支援者でもあった吉田は、鳥取の陶磁器の普及を促進させた業績で知られています。","One central figure was Yoshida Shoya (1898–1972), a medical doctor and Mingei (Folk Crafts) movement supporter remembered today for his work promoting Tottori ceramics. "]
[3144,"鳥取県 ","（山陰海岸国立公園）鳥取砂丘未来会議","動物","ミチオシエ","みちおしえ","michioshie","この動作がまるで道を教えているように見えることから、日本では別名「ミチオシエ」とも呼ばれています。","For this reason one of its common Japanese names is michioshie, or “guide,” as it appears to be showing the way."]
[3145,"島根県","石見銀山多言語協議会","郷土景観","間歩","まぶ","mine shaft","石見銀山では、さまざまな規模の坑道が900本以上発見されていますが、龍源寺間歩はその中でもおそらく最も代表的なものでしょう。","Ryugenji is the most significant of the more than 900 mine shafts that have been discovered at Iwami Ginzan.","*「間歩」を英訳する際にご参照ください。"]
[3146,"島根県","石見銀山多言語協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","本殿","ほんでん","honden","この豊栄神社は、1943年の地滑りに一部が巻き込まれましたが、華麗な門と独特な本殿、拝殿は今でも残っています。","In 1943, the Toyosaka Shrine was partially engulfed by a landslide, but the ornate gate, the distinctive main sanctuary (honden), and the worship hall (haiden) survive today."]
[3147,"島根県","石見銀山多言語協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","拝殿","はいでん","haiden","この豊栄神社は、1943年の地滑りに一部が巻き込まれましたが、華麗な門と独特な本殿、拝殿は今でも残っています。","In 1943, the Toyosaka Shrine was partially engulfed by a landslide, but the ornate gate, the distinctive main sanctuary (honden), and the worship hall (haiden) survive today."]
[3148,"島根県","石見銀山多言語協議会","人物・人名・役職名","金山彦命","かなやまひこのみこと","Kanayamahiko no Mikoto","この聖地では鉱山の守り神である金山彦命が祀られており、かつてこの地域でも有数の豊富な銀鉱脈を誇った場所の真上に建てられています。","The sanctuary enshrines Kanayamahiko no Mikoto, the Shinto god of mining, and is built directly above what was once one of the most abundant silver veins in the area."]
[3149,"島根県","石見銀山多言語協議会","年中行事","神楽","かぐら","kagura","大きな拝殿は、石見地方の伝統の中心的存在である神道神に敬意を表して神楽の踊りを披露するために設計されました。","The large worship hall was designed to accommodate performances of kagura dances to honor Shinto deities that remain a core part of folk traditions in the Iwami region."]
[3150,"島根県","石見銀山多言語協議会","史跡","代官所","だいかんしょ","daikansho","代官所","Magistrate’s Office (Daikansho)"]
[3151,"島根県","石見銀山多言語協議会","人物・人名・役職名","恵比寿","えびす","Ebisu","地元の人々は、七福神のうちの一つである商いの神様、恵比寿が祀られている上市恵比寿神社で繁栄を祈願していました。","Local people would pray for prosperity at Kami’ichi Ebisu Shrine, which honors Ebisu, one of the Seven Gods of Luck and the patron of tradesmen."]
[3152,"島根県","石見銀山多言語協議会","史跡","ヨズクハデ","よずくはで","yozukuhade","これらすべての信仰の場所が現在も残っており、収穫した稲を天日で乾燥させる昔ながらの「ヨズクハデ」という伝統技法もまた然りです。","All these sites of worship remain today, as does the tradition of yozukuhade, a time-honored technique for drying harvested rice plants in the sun."]
[3153,"島根県","石見銀山多言語協議会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","山吹城","やまぶきじょう","Yamabuki Castle","この時代の銀山は、初めは大内氏によって支配され、この大内氏が鞆ヶ浦道を作り、集落のすぐ外側の高地に山吹城を建てました。","In this period, the mine was ruled first by the Ouchi family, which established the Tomogaura Road and built the Yamabuki Castle on high ground just outside the settlement."]
[3154,"島根県","石見銀山多言語協議会","岩石・洞窟","鼻ぐり岩","はなぐりいわ","mooring device","鞆ヶ浦の最盛期を偲ばせる存在として海岸沿いに突き出た岩石層は、柔らかい石を削って作られたものであり、大内氏の銀船の係船装置として利用されました。","The only reminders of Tomogaura’s glory years are the protruding rock formations along the shore, which were carved out of the soft stone to function as mooring devices for the Ouchi ships that once transported silver ore from this port.","*「鼻ぐり岩」を翻訳する際にご参照ください。"]
[3155,"島根県","石見銀山多言語協議会","建造物等","石州瓦","せきしゅうかわら","sekishu-kawara","この地域で見つかった鉄分の豊富な粘度で作られるそれらの石州瓦（石州は石見地域の別名）は、島根県のある中国地方のいたる所で一般的に使われています。","Made from the iron-rich clay found in the area, these sekishu-kawara (“Sekishu tiles”; Sekishu is another name for the Iwami area) are common throughout the Chugoku region, where Shimane Prefecture is located."]
[3156,"島根県","石見銀山多言語協議会","人物・人名・役職名","掛屋","かけや","kakeya","「掛屋」は銀の重量を量り、純度を測定し、粗悪品が見つかった炭鉱業者から集金を行う役目を負っていました。","The kakeya was the official tasked with weighing silver to determine its purity and collecting payments from miners whose product was found lacking in quality."]
[3157,"島根県","石見銀山多言語協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","羅漢","らかん","rakan","羅漢寺は石見銀山の鉱山で亡くなった人々を祀っており、羅漢に祈れば亡くなった鉱夫の魂を救い、その家族に平安がもたらされるという信仰に基づいて建てられました。羅漢（梵語：アルハット）は、涅槃に達し、禅宗で尊崇される仏弟子をいいます。","Rakanji Temple, built to honor those who lost their lives in the mines of Iwami Ginzan, was founded in the belief that praying to the rakan (Sanskrit: arhat) would help the families of the deceased to find peace. In Buddhism, arhats are those who have attained nirvana, or spiritual enlightenment."]
[3158,"島根県","石見銀山多言語協議会","乗物","北前船","きたまえぶね","kitamaebune","温泉津は、江戸時代（1603年～1867年）に一層栄え、この頃北日本の北陸地方と内陸海の商業都市大阪を結ぶ日本海沿岸の北前船の航路沿いの港となりました。","Yunotsu enjoyed further prosperity during the Edo period (1603–1867), when it became a port along the kitamaebune shipping route along the Sea of Japan coast connecting the Hokuriku region of northern Japan with the mercantile city of Osaka on the Inland Sea."]
[3159,"島根県","石見銀山多言語協議会","人物・人名・役職名","阿弥陀如来","あみだにょらい","Amida Nyorai","阿弥陀如来（梵語でアミターバ）を本尊とする西楽寺は、より古い寺です。","Sairakuji, dedicated to the Buddha Amida Nyorai (Sanskrit: Amitabha), is the older temple."]
[3160,"島根県","石見銀山多言語協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","無縁所","むえんじょ","muenjo","ここで、「聖域」という言葉には、宗教的な意味と文字通りの意味の両方があります。西楽寺は、伝統的にいわゆる無縁所（「無関係の場所」）であり、ある種の法や義務を免除され、保護を必要とする信者に対し聖域をもたらす寺であったのです。","The term “sanctuary” here has both religious and literal meaning: Sairakuji was traditionally a so-called muenjo (“unaffiliated place”), meaning that the temple was exempt from certain laws and obligations, and provided asylum for believers in need of protection."]
[3161,"島根県","石見銀山多言語協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","浄土","じょうど","Jodo","この年に、石見銀山やその周辺一帯を当時支配していた毛利氏が、浄土仏教を信奉する集団にこの区画を贈与したのでした。","This was the year that the Mohri family, who lorded over Iwami Ginzan and the surrounding area at the time, donated the land to a group of Jodo (Pure Land) Buddhists."]
[3162,"島根県","石見銀山多言語協議会","郷土景観","重要伝統的建造物群保存地区","じゅうようでんとうてきけんぞうぶつぐんほぞんちく","Preservation District for Groups of Traditional Buildings","現在、温泉津は温泉街として日本で唯一重要伝統的建造物群保存地区に指定されたおり、2つの温泉浴場が存続しています。","Today, Yunotsu is the only hot spring town in Japan to be designated a Preservation District for Groups of Traditional Buildings, and it continues to host two onsen baths.","*「重要伝統的建造物群保存地区」を翻訳する際にご参照ください。"]
[3163,"島根県","石見銀山多言語協議会","工芸・美術品","鳴龍","なきりゅう","nakiryu","拝殿の一部には、神社に寄進した武士の家紋が飾られていますが、その内装の中でもとりわけ印象的なのはおそらく鳴龍（「轟く竜」）でしょう。1818年に制作されたこの天井画は、宙を舞う龍を表現しており、拝殿の音響効果を巧みに利用しているため、真下に立って手を叩くと「鳴き声」が聞こえます。","Part of the hall is decorated with the family emblems of samurai who made donations to the shrine, but the most impressive feature of its interior is arguably the nakiryu (“roaring dragon”). This ceiling mural from 1818 represents a dragon in flight and, thanks to some ingenious acoustics, “roars” if you clap your hands while standing directly underneath it."]
[3164,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","植物","ブナ","ぶな"," Japanese beeches (Fagus crenata)","山の名前の「皆」は水気の多い土地の意味で、頂上全体がブナやシナノキの原生林に覆われた水の豊かな山であることから名づけられたものと言われている。","“Mina” in the mountain’s name refers to the high moisture levels and abundance of water found on the slopes, conditions favorable to the large Japanese beeches (Fagus crenata) and Japanese limes (Tilia japonica) that grow across the entire summit. "]
[3165,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","植物","シナノキ","しなのき","Japanese limes (Tilia japonica)","山の名前の「皆」は水気の多い土地の意味で、頂上全体がブナやシナノキの原生林に覆われた水の豊かな山であることから名づけられたものと言われている。","“Mina” in the mountain’s name refers to the high moisture levels and abundance of water found on the slopes, conditions favorable to the large Japanese beeches (Fagus crenata) and Japanese limes (Tilia japonica) that grow across the entire summit. "]
[3166,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","植物","キビタキ","きびたき","narcissus flycatcher (Ficedula narcissina)","5 月下旬にはオオルリとキビタキという夏鳥が到着する。","By late May, two representative birds of summer have arrived: the blue-and-white flycatcher (Cyanoptila cyanomelana) and the narcissus flycatcher (Ficedula narcissina). "]
[3167,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","自然現象","萌芽更新","ほうがこうしん","coppicing","これを萌芽更新と言う。","This process is called “coppicing.” "]
[3168,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","動物","前翅","ぜんし","forewings","前翅長 18-24 mm。","Forewings measure 18–24 millimeters. "]
[3169,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","工芸・美術品","煙管","きせる","kiseru","日本の伝統的なたばこパイプである煙管の形に似ていることからこの名がついた。","Its Japanese name of “pipe thistle” (kiseruazami) comes from its resemblance to a kiseru, a traditional Japanese tobacco pipe."]
[3170,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","植物","小穂","しょうすい","spikelet","山の湿地に生息するスゲの一種で、30-40 cmの花茎はただ 1つだけ小穂をつける。","A sedge that grows in mountain wetlands, with stems of 30 to 40 centimeters that produce only a single spikelet. "]
[3171,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","自然現象","鳥地獄","とりじごく","“Bird Hell” ","最終的に中国自然歩道に繋がる別の初心者向けの道は風光明媚な室内池と、噴気により時に野生動物が死に至る鳥地獄という場所へ続く。","Another easy route, which eventually connects to the Chūgoku Nature Trail, leads to scenic Muronouchi Pond and an area known as the “Bird Hell,” where escaping volcanic gases sometimes kill wildlife."]
[3172,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","自然現象","雲海","うんかい","“sea of clouds” ","特筆すべきは朝方に近隣の太平山から見える雲海で、頂上から眼下に低い雲の層を眺めることができる。","Of particular note is the “sea of clouds” visible some mornings from the nearby Taiheizan peak (854 m), where low-lying clouds gather beneath the summit."]
[3173,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","自然現象","雨水","あまみず","storm runoff","潮だまりに明るく黄色い藻が姿を現し、雨水が岸壁を滝のように流れ落ち、そこへ虹がかかる。","Tide pools host bright yellow algae, while storm runoff sometimes forms a waterfall that spills over the cliff face, casting rainbows. "]
[3174,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","植物","藻","も","algae","潮だまりに明るく黄色い藻が姿を現し、雨水が岸壁を滝のように流れ落ち、そこへ虹がかかる。","Tide pools host bright yellow algae, while storm runoff sometimes forms a waterfall that spills over the cliff face, casting rainbows. "]
[3175,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","その他","杭","くい","stakes","ここでは、八束水臣津野（やつかみずおみつの）が日本海を越えて四つの土地を引き寄せ、大山と三瓶山を杭にしてその地を固定させたと言われている。","Here, the god Yatsukamizu Omitsu is said to have pulled four pieces of land from across the Sea of Japan and anchored them with two great stakes that became the mountains of Daisen and Sanbe. "]
[3176,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","自然現象","柱状節理","ちゅうじょうせつり"," columnar joints","日御碕の柱状節理に割れた流紋岩や加賀の潜戸などの波に削られた洞穴など、海岸線に沿って見られる地形は好奇心を刺激し、神話の世界を彷彿させる。","Along the coast, geological curiosities like the columnar joints of rhyolite at Hinomisaki and wave-eroded sea caves such as Kaka no Kukedo support the landscape’s ancient associations with the otherworldly."]
[3177,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","建造物等","二重殻複合構造","にじゅうがくふくごうこうぞう","two-layer design","ブラントンの灯台は高さを下げて安定性を強めており、煉瓦を白い石が覆った珍しい二重殻複合構造で、日御碕灯台はこれ以降に建てられた灯台のモデルとなった。","The Hinomisaki Lighthouse was modeled after Brunton’s lighthouses both in its reduced height—though it could have been taller, it would have been less stable—and its unusual two-layer design of an inner brick structure covered by an exterior of white stone."]
[3178,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","その他","経","ふみ","fumi","柱状の流紋岩が巨大な経（ふみ）が積み重なっているように見えるので、この話は島の地質的な状態に由来するようだ。","The island likely received its name for its interesting geological composition: its jutting, columnar joints of rhyolite resemble oversized stacks of sacred scrolls called fumi."]
[3179,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","建造物等","ひさし","ひさし","eaves","内壁は通常は一般公開していないが、本堂のひさしの下の彫刻など鑑賞できるものは十分にある。","Though the interior decorations are not normally visible to visitors, there is much to appreciate in the carved panels running below the eaves of the main hall."]
[3180,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","工芸・美術品","三猿","さんざる","three monkeys who famously “see no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil”","各装飾にはユニークな動物が描かれており、日沉宮の後方左側には、有名な「見ざる聞かざる言わざる」の三猿もある。","Each panel depicts a unique animal, including the three monkeys who famously “see no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil” that can be seen on the rear left side of the Amaterasu hall. "]
[3181,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","高天原","たかまがはら","heavenly realm","神話によると、須佐之男命は高天原を追放された後に出雲に居住した。","In Shinto mythology, Susanoo settled in Izumo after his expulsion from the heavenly realm. "]
[3182,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","その他","固有種","こゆうしゅ","endemic species","地方固有種や絶滅危惧種も数多く棲み公園に守られていることで貴重な動植物が維持されている。","Many endemic and endangered species live here, relying upon the park’s protected status to maintain their fragile populations. "]
[3183,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","郷土景観","野焼き","のやき","controlled burning","蒜山高原と三瓶山、船上山（615 m）の麓では、毎年恒例の野焼きが長年行われており、これによって草原が維持されている。","On the Hiruzen Highlands and around the bases of Mt. Sanbe and Mt. Senjō (615 m), broad swathes of grassland are maintained by annual controlled burning, an age-old tradition that preserves the grassland habitats of resident endangered species. "]
[3184,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","その他","家畜市場","かちくいちば","livestock markets","多くの修行僧が行き交う巡礼ルートとなり、国内最大規模の家畜市場への商業ルートとしても発展した。","Daisen was the subject of native mountain worship even before the establishment of Daisenji Temple in 718. By the Edo period (1603–1867), Daisenji had become a flourishing site of worship for the Buddhist deity Jizō Bosatsu, with a heavily traveled pilgrimage route that also spawned one of the country’s largest livestock markets."]
[3185,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","賽の磧","さいのかわら","sainokawara","旧潜戸は、亡くなった子供の魂が送られる賽の磧と言われ、新潜戸は神道の大神の一人である猿田彦大神の生誕地として8世紀の写本に記録されている。新潜戸には三方向に入口があり、中央の入口からは 200 メートルのトンネルが断崖側まで続く。","Old Kukedo is said to be the location of sainokawara, the riverbed purgatory where deceased children are sent, and New Kukedo is recorded in an eighth-century manuscript as the birthplace of Sarutahiko Ōkami, one of the great deities of Shinto."]
[3186,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","その他","寄港する大きな港","きこうするおおきなみなと","port-of-call ","江戸時代（1603 年 - 1867 年）の間、鷺浦は日本海を航路とする商業船が寄港する大きな港となった。","During the mid-Edo period (1603–1867), Sagiura became a major port-of-call for merchant vessels traveling the Sea of Japan. "]
[3187,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","その他","豊漁","ほうりょう","bountiful catch","毎年  7 月 31 日に開催される権現祭では、住民たちは船に乗り列を組んで柏島へと航海し、安全と豊漁を祈って島の神々に祈りを捧げる。","During the Gongen Festival, held every July 31, residents board their boats and sail in a procession to Kashiwa Island, where they offer prayers to the island deities for safety and a bountiful catch."]
[3188,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","動物","海ネコ","うみねこ","black-tailed gulls","11 月から 7 月の間にここを訪れれば、港に群れるウミネコたちを見ることができる。毎年繁殖時期になると島根へやって来るウミネコは、猫の鳴き声のような、その珍しい鳴き声から見分けることができる。これが「ウミネコ（海の猫）」と呼ばれる所以だ。","Between November and July, explorers will likely encounter the harbor’s crowds of black-tailed gulls. The gulls, who come to Shimane each year for the breeding season, are distinguishable by their unusual call, which resembles a cat’s meow. This is also the source of their Japanese name—umineko, meaning “sea cat.”"]
[3189,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","遷宮","せんぐう","periodic reconstruction","出雲大社の遷宮のたびに、稲奈西波岐神社も建て直されてきた。","Every 20 years, Izumo Grand Shrine undergoes periodic reconstruction (sengū), during which Inasehagi-jinja Shrine is rebuilt as well."]
[3190,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","動物","カジカガエル","かじかがえる","Kajika frog, or Buerger’s frog (Buergeria buergeri)","この純水は自然の中でも鳴き声の美しい生き物、カジカガエルにとって理想の生息地だ。","Its pure waters are the ideal habitat for one of nature’s top vocalists: the Kajika frog, also known as Buerger’s frog (Buergeria buergeri), a flat-bodied, gray-brown stream frog endemic to Japan."]
[3191,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","植物","藪椿","やぶつばき","yabutsubaki camellia","道沿いには主にスギが生育しているが、ヤマモモ、クリ、シナアブラギリ、ヤブツバキなどの花を咲かせ実をつける木々も印象的だ。","In addition to Japanese cedar, an impressive array of flower- and fruit-bearing trees grow along the trail, including the Japanese bayberry, Japanese chestnut, tung-oil tree, and yabutsubaki camellia. "]
[3192,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","工芸・美術品","大漁旗","たいりょうばた","tairyōbata","祭のために特別に、船は提灯と特に豊漁であったことを示す大漁旗で飾られる。","For the festival, the boats are specially decorated with lanterns and tairyōbata, banners that signal an especially big catch. "]
[3193,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","建造物等","防火戸","ぼうかど","door","その壁と最も外側の防火戸は厚く塗り重ねられた泥でできており、これには火事を防ぐ役割がある。","Its walls and outermost door are constructed of thickly plastered clay that offers excellent fire protection."]
[3194,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","動物","日本鹿","にほんしか","sika deer","鷺浦遊歩道は野生の日本鹿やイノシシの生息地を通って 2.5 キロメートル続く。","The Sagiura Nature Trail travels 2.5 kilometers through wilderness that is home to sika deer and wild boar."]
[3195,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","植物","ヤマモモ","やまもも","Japanese bayberry","経路はヤマモモ、クリ、シナアブラギリ、ヤブツバキで縁どられている。","The path is bordered with Japanese bayberry, Japanese chestnut, tung-oil tree, and yabutsubaki camellia."]
[3196,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","書物","「出雲国風土記」","いずもこくふどき","compilation of regional lore, or Izumo fudoki ","鷺浦が現れる最初の文献は、「出雲国風土記」という地域の言い伝えを 733 年に編纂したものだ。","The earliest reference to Sagiura appears in the 733 compilation of regional lore known as the Izumo fudoki, in which the district is referred to as “Sagihama.” "]
[3197,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","その他","鉱業","こうぎょう","copper mining","急速な近代化と天然資源の需要から、鉱業という産業がこの地域に加わった。","Copper mining, spurred by rapid modernization and a demand for natural resources, also brought additional industry to the area. "]
[3198,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","自然現象","追い風","おいて、おいかぜ","favorable winds","港のお陰で鷺浦は栄え、交易関係、宿泊施設が揃った、追い風待つために安全に錨を港に降ろせる場所であった。","With its fine harbor, Sagiura thrived, offering trade, lodgings, and safe anchorage to ships awaiting favorable winds. "]
[3199,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","願掛地蔵","がんかけじぞう","“Prayer Jizō”","おそらく願掛地蔵で知られる右側の地蔵菩薩が願掛けをする人々に力を貸しているのだろう。","The statue of Jizō Bosatsu to the right, known as the “Prayer Jizō,” perhaps lends strength to these prayers."]
[3200,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","植物","オオカメノキ","おおかめのき","forked viburnum (Vibernum fucatum)","この場所の林床はクロモジ、ウリハダカエデ、オオカメノキ、エゾユズリハ、各種アジサイ属の茂みで覆われている。","The forest floor here is blanketed with a dense layer of spicebush (Lindera umbrellata), redvein maple (Acer rufinerve), forked viburnum (Vibernum fucatum), a shrub sometimes called false daphne (Daphniphyllum macropodum subsp. humile), and a variety of hydrangeas."]
[3201,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","旧参道","きゅうさんどう","old approach","旧参道に沿って小さな道が枝分かれしており、かつて中心地として隆盛を極めた子院や僧房へと続いている。","Along the old approach, smaller roads branched off toward subtemples and monastic residences that once crowded the central complex. "]
[3202,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","御旅所","おたびしょ","processional stops","江戸中期（1603 年 - 1867 年）には、金剛童子は寺院で 5 月 24 日に行われる春まつり中に七か所の御旅所で儀式が執り行われていたうちのひとつであった。","During the middle years of the Edo period (1603–1867), this shrine was one of seven processional stops during the temple’s spring festival on May 24."]
[3203,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","その他","移築された","いちくされた","relocated","度重なる洪水と火事により、19 世紀後半に釈迦堂と近くにあった金剛童子は寂静山に近い大山寺境内の北側に移築された。","Following a series of floods and fires, in the late nineteenth century both the Shaka Hall and the nearby Kongō Dōji shrine were relocated to the far northern side of the Daisenji complex, near Mt. Jakujō."]
[3204,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","岩石・洞窟","風穴","ふうけつ","fūketsu","丘陵にある、この苔に覆われた石の並ぶくぼみは、人間の独創性を自然の冷蔵効果と組み合わせた伝統的な冷蔵構造、風穴である。","This mossy, stone-lined depression in the hillside is the site of a traditional cold-storage structure that combined human ingenuity with a natural refrigeration effect: a fūketsu. "]
[3205,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","巡礼者","じゅんれいしゃ","pilgrims","大山寺の力が何世紀もの間に強まるにつれ、川床登山道には巡礼者、記念行事への参加者、博労座へ動物を連れて行く商人など、多数の人々が行き交っていた。","As Daisenji’s prominence grew over the centuries, the Kawadoko Road was heavily traveled by pilgrims, memorial service participants, and vendors bringing animals to the Bakurōza market. "]
[3206,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","お遍路さん","おへんろさん","pilgrims","大山寺の力が何世紀もの間に強まるにつれ、川床登山道にはお遍路さん、記念行事への参加者、博労座へ動物を連れて行く商人など、多数の人々が行き交っていた。","As Daisenji’s prominence grew over the centuries, the Kawadoko Road was heavily traveled by pilgrims, memorial service participants, and vendors bringing animals to the Bakurōza market. "]
[3207,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","建造物等","トラス橋","とらすきょう","truss bridge ","中国自然歩道は 2018 年 9 月に完成した長さ 17 メートルのトラス橋で阿弥陀川を渡る。","The Chūgoku Nature Trail crosses the Amida River on a 17-meter-long truss bridge completed in September 2018. "]
[3208,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","植物","原生","げんせい","old-growth ","その中心は古くから茂っているブナ原生林を抜けて大休峠へと伸びる。","The central stretch around Ōyasumi Pass travels through an area of old-growth Japanese beech forest. "]
[3209,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","岩石・洞窟","安山岩","あんざんがん","andesite","大山は主に安山岩と石英安山岩の 2 種類の火山岩からできており、その山肌は非常にもろく簡単に侵食される。","Mt. Daisen is composed primarily of two kinds of volcanic rock—andesite and dacite—and its slopes are extremely brittle. "]
[3210,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","岩石・洞窟","石英安山岩","せきえいあんざんがん","dacite","大山は主に安山岩と石英安山岩の 2 種類の火山岩からできており、その山肌は非常にもろく簡単に侵食される。","Mt. Daisen is composed primarily of two kinds of volcanic rock—andesite and dacite—and its slopes are extremely brittle. "]
[3211,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","植物","高山植物","こうざんしょくぶつ","the high-altitude species ","初夏には、高山植物であるダイセンミツバツツジ、ダイセンオトギリソウ、ダイセンヒョウタンボクの可憐な花々で山頂が彩られる。","In early summer, the summit is graced with delicate flowers of the high-altitude species Daisen rhododendron (Rhododendron lagopus var. lagopus), Daisen St. John’s Wort (Hypericum asahinae), and Daisen honeysuckle (Lonicera strophiophora var. glabra)."]
[3212,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","植物","クサギ","くさぎ","harlequin glorybowers (Clerodendrum trichotomum) ","低地では、特に阿弥陀堂への道沿いで、アゲハ蝶がクサギのラッパ型の花の蜜を吸う姿を頻繁に見せる。","At lower elevations, particularly along the trail to the Amidadō Hall, the trumpet-shaped blooms of harlequin glorybowers (Clerodendrum trichotomum) are often visited by several species of swallowtail. "]
[3213,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","動物","イワツバメ","いわしばめ","Asian house martins (Delichon dasypus)","道を下った大山寺橋に集うイワツバメは、3 月下旬に橋げたに巣を作る。","Just down the road, Daisenji Bridge is a gathering place for the vocal flocks of Asian house martins (Delichon dasypus) that build their nests on the bridge girders in late March."]
[3214,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神仏分離","しんぶつぶんり","separation of Buddhist and Shinto religious practices","1868 年に明治政府が設立されると、神仏分離が実施された。","With the establishment of the Meiji government in 1868, a decree was issued calling for the separation of Buddhist and Shinto religious practices. "]
[3215,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","河川・渓谷","源流","げんりゅう","headwaters","加勢蛇川で合流する天狗が峰と烏ヶ山山頂の源流が流れ込んでいる。","Its headwaters flow from the Tengugamine and Karasugasen peaks, which flow together to form the Kasechi River. "]
[3216,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","建造物等","石畳","いしだたみ","cobblestones","一部の歩道が石畳なのは、大山寺への四つある道のひとつであった旧川床登山道の名残である。","Along the trail, some areas are paved with cobblestones. These are remnants of the old Kawadoko Road, one of four former approaches to Daisenji Temple."]
[3217,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","建造物等","堤防","ていぼう","weir","この小さな滝のすぐ上には、人工堤防でできた小さな水たまりがある。","Just beyond the crest of this small waterfall is a small pool created by an artificial weir."]
[3218,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","その他","最大級","さいだいきゅう","paramount","神話の神々の住む場所として古代から水音を響かせる大山滝は、大山で最大級の滝だ。","Revered in ancient times as the dwelling of a Shinto deity, Daisen Falls is the paramount waterfall on Mt. Daisen. "]
[3219,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","岩石・洞窟","絶壁断崖","ぜっぺきだんがい","sheer cliffs","彼らは、三方を絶壁断崖で取り囲まれた要塞のような船上山山上に共に籠った。","Together, they encamped on Senjō’s fortress-like summit, which is surrounded by sheer cliffs on three sides."]
[3220,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","史跡","石碑","せきひ","stone monument","東側の小さな丘を登ると石碑が目に入る。","Up the small rise to the east stands a stone monument, raised in 1924 to commemorate the spot where Go-Daigo once stood to admire the view from Senjō’s summit. "]
[3221,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","建造物等","屏風","びょうぶ","byōbu","東の崖は特に冷えた火山岩が垂直に折り重なっており、「屏風」と呼ばれる表情を見せている。","The eastern cliff’s distinctive vertical folds were created by columnar joints forming in the cooling volcanic rock, resulting in what is known as a “folding screen” (byōbu) cliff face. "]
[3222,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","博物館・美術館","標本","ひょうほん","specimen","においを嗅げる展示もあり、ミズメ、クロモジ、サンショウ、コウタケのサンプルから、三瓶山の標本の香りを実際に体験できる。","Some exhibits are meant to be smelled—specimens of Japanese cherry birch, spicebush, Japanese pepper, and the mushroom Sarcodon aspratus all introduce your nose to more aromatic aspects of Sanbe’s plant life."]
[3223,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","植物","ミズメ","みずめ"," Japanese cherry birch","においを嗅げる展示もあり、ミズメ、クロモジ、サンショウ、コウタケのサンプルから、三瓶山の標本の香りを実際に体験できる。","Some exhibits are meant to be smelled—specimens of Japanese cherry birch, spicebush, Japanese pepper, and the mushroom Sarcodon aspratus all introduce your nose to more aromatic aspects of Sanbe’s plant life."]
[3224,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","植物","クロモジ","くろもじ","spicebush","においを嗅げる展示もあり、ミズメ、クロモジ、サンショウ、コウタケのサンプルから、三瓶山の標本の香りを実際に体験できる。","Some exhibits are meant to be smelled—specimens of Japanese cherry birch, spicebush, Japanese pepper, and the mushroom Sarcodon aspratus all introduce your nose to more aromatic aspects of Sanbe’s plant life."]
[3225,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","植物","サンショウ","さんしょう","Japanese pepper","においを嗅げる展示もあり、ミズメ、クロモジ、サンショウ、コウタケのサンプルから、三瓶山の標本の香りを実際に体験できる。","Some exhibits are meant to be smelled—specimens of Japanese cherry birch, spicebush, Japanese pepper, and the mushroom Sarcodon aspratus all introduce your nose to more aromatic aspects of Sanbe’s plant life."]
[3226,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","その他","年表","ねんぴょう","timeline","シアターの外では三瓶山の噴火活動の年表と、山の現在の地形を作った火山生成物についての説明が展示されている。","Outside the theater is a timeline of Sanbe’s eruptive phases and an explanation of the volcanic products that formed the mountain’s current topography."]
[3227,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","岩石・洞窟","火成岩","かせいがん","igneous rock","地図上で赤や濃いピンクで表している東半分は、大半が冷えたマグマや溶岩でできた火成岩からなる。","The eastern half is largely composed of igneous rock (formed by cooling magma or lava) and is represented by the red and darker pink areas on the map. "]
[3228,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","動物","渡り性水鳥","わたりせいみずどり","migratory waterfowl","湖周辺の湿地は約 5 万羽の渡り性水鳥の重要な生息地であり、宍道湖周辺の約 8,000 ヘクタールと中海周辺の 約9,200 ヘクタールは、湿地の保存に関する国際条約であるラムサール条約で保護地区に2005年に指定されている。","The wetlands surrounding these lakes act as crucial habitats for some 50,000 migratory waterfowl, and in 2005, roughly 8,000 hectares around Lake Shinji and 9,200 around Lake Nakaumi were designated protected sites under the Ramsar Convention, an international treaty for wetland conservation."]
[3229,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","岩石・洞窟","地殻プレート","ちかくぷれーと","tectonic plates","日本は世界でも有数の地震多発国である。日本はユーラシアプレート、北米プレート、太平洋プレート、フィリピン海プレートという世界的に大きな 4 枚の地殻プレートの境界部に位置している。","It lies at the intersection of four of the world’s major tectonic plates: the Eurasian, the North American, the Pacific, and the Philippine Sea plates. "]
[3230,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","岩石・洞窟","粘性の高い溶岩","ねんせいのたかいようがん","viscous lava","溶岩ドームは非常に粘性の高い溶岩でできていて、自由に流れることがなく、もろく不安定な火山に積み重なる。","Lava domes are formed from especially sticky, viscous lava, which cannot flow freely and piles up into brittle, unstable volcanoes. "]
[3231,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","岩石・洞窟","テフラ\n(=火山砕屑物)","てふら","tephra","第III期と第IV期は約 4 万 5000～1 万年前で、大量の火山砕屑物が周辺地域に広範に堆積するほどの大きな噴火が繰り返し起こった。","Phases III and IV, from 45,000 to around 10,000 years ago, were marked by repeated, highly explosive eruptions that deposited large amounts of tephra (particles such as pumice and ash) over the surrounding countryside. "]
[3232,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","岩石・洞窟","堆積物","たいせきぶつ","sediment","他の複成火山同様に、三瓶山は新たな噴火による溶岩、堆積物、火山灰が連続的に層になり成長した。","Like other composite volcanoes, Mt. Sanbe was formed as each new eruption deposited layers of lava, sediment, and ashfall."]
[3233,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","温泉","ホルミシス効果","ほるみしすこうか","hormetic effect","事実、一部の研究により、低線量被ばくには、人体の免疫系を刺激し健康を促すホルミシス効果があるということがわかっている。","In fact, some studies have indicated that low-dose exposure to radiation has a hormetic effect that stimulates the body’s immune system and promotes health."]
[3234,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","動物","糞虫","ふんちゅう","dung beetles","大型動物のフンを餌にする糞虫がいることから、森には鹿やイノシシなどの哺乳類がおそらくいたことがわかる。","The presence of dung beetles, which feed on the feces of large animals, indicates that the forest probably contained mammals such as deer and boar. "]
[3235,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","岩石・洞窟","鉱脈","こうみゃく","veins","その山には比較的純度の高い鉱脈と鉱床（岩のいたる所に広がった細かい鉱石の粒子）があることがわかった。 ","The mountain was found to contain rich veins of relatively pure ore as well as disseminated deposits (fine particles of ore distributed throughout the rock)."]
[3236,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","自然現象","気候変動","きこうへんどう","climate changes","それ以来、気候変動と海抜の変化で隠岐諸島と島根半島の間をつなぐ地面は、繰り返し地上に現れては海水に沈み、島と本土のつながりは断続的なものとなった。","Since then, climate changes and fluctuating sea levels have repeatedly exposed and submerged the land bridge between the Oki Islands and Shimane Peninsula, intermittently connecting the islands to the mainland."]
[3237,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","その他","適応","てきおう","adaptation","もうひとつの島の固有種、オキサンショウウオには非常に珍しい適応の過程を経験している。彼らは流水性と止水性の両方の特性を持っているのだ。","Another inhabitant of the island, the Oki salamander, underwent more dramatic adaptations: the Oki species bears traits of both lotic (stream-dwelling) and lentic (pool-dwelling) salamanders. "]
[3238,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","自然現象","流水性","りゅうすいせい","lotic (stream-dwelling)","もうひとつの島の固有種、オキサンショウウオには非常に珍しい適応の過程を経験している。彼らは流水性と止水性の両方の特性を持っているのだ。","Another inhabitant of the island, the Oki salamander, underwent more dramatic adaptations: the Oki species bears traits of both lotic (stream-dwelling) and lentic (pool-dwelling) salamanders. "]
[3239,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","自然現象","止水性","しすいせい","lentic (pool-dwelling)","もうひとつの島の固有種、オキサンショウウオには非常に珍しい適応の過程を経験している。彼らは流水性と止水性の両方の特性を持っているのだ。","Another inhabitant of the island, the Oki salamander, underwent more dramatic adaptations: the Oki species bears traits of both lotic (stream-dwelling) and lentic (pool-dwelling) salamanders. "]
[3240,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","その他","保護区域","ほごくいき","sanctuary","2つの湖と、これらとつながる斐伊川や大橋川などの主要な川周辺の水場は、日本でも屈指の渡り鳥の保護区域だ。","The wetland habitats around both lakes—as well as the major rivers that connect with them, such as the Hii and Ōhashi—are among Japan’s leading sanctuaries for migratory waterfowl. "]
[3241,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","動物","翡翠","かわせみ","common kingfisher","カワセミはその名に反して金属的な青緑色の羽がヒスイを連想させる。日本語名にはその特性が反映され、翡翠（ヒスイ）という漢字はカワセミとも読まれる。","In spite of its name, the common kingfisher is an impressive bird whose metallic turquoise plumage is reminiscent of a blue-green jewel—a trait that is reflected in the bird’s Japanese name, which is written using the characters for “jade.”"]
[3242,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","その他","放牧する","ほうぼくする","pasture","三瓶山付近の東側、まだ牛が放牧されている 2 つの野原の内の 1 つには絶滅危惧種のダイコクコガネがいる。","The eastern grassland, one of two fields near Mt. Sanbe where cows are still pastured, is inhabited by the endangered horned dung beetle."]
[3243,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","動物","夜行性","やこうせい","nocturnal","多くは夜行性で日中は眠っており、シカやツキノワグマは山の奥深くにいることで人を避けている。","A great number are nocturnal and sleep during daylight hours, and the sika deer and Asian black bear avoid people by keeping to the more remote areas of the mountains."]
[3244,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","植物","雄蕊","おしべ","stamens","種から長く白い雄蕊が生え、これが老人の髪のようであることから、この植物の名前は「老いた男の草」を意味する。","The plant is called “old-man grass” (okinagusa) after the long, white stamens that sprout from its seeds, resembling an old man’s hair."]
[3245,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","動物","テン","てん","Japanese marten","すらりとした体に白っぽいオレンジの毛皮を持つ動物もいる。これはテンで、クロテン（セーブル）に似た雑食性の樹上性哺乳類だ。","The slender creature with pale orange fur is a Japanese marten, an omnivorous, arboreal mammal similar to a sable."]
[3246,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","その他","殺虫剤","さっちゅうざい","pesticide","コウノトリは、主に米産業で使用された殺虫剤が原因で1971年頃日本では絶滅した。","The Oriental stork died out in Japan around 1971, mainly through the use of pesticides by the rice industry. "]
[3247,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","動物","外来生物","がいらいせいぶつ","invasive species","過去150年の間に、島根固有の生物は日本列島の外から入って来た外来生物に侵されるようになった。","Over the last century and a half, Shimane’s native wildlife has been joined by invasive species from outside the Japanese archipelago. "]
[3248,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","動物","毒腺","どくせん","poison gland","ヤマカガシもまた毒があるが、普通は出くわしたとしても逃げてゆくか、警告として赤い毒腺を見せる。","The tiger keelback, though also venomous, typically flees or displays their red-colored poison glands in warning when encountered by humans. "]
[3249,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","山岳","山の裾","やまのすそ","foot of the mountain","山の裾近くの草原では、日本の国鳥であるキジが頭を上下に動かしながら草原を歩いているのが見られるかもしれない。","One might even spot the Japanese pheasant, Japan’s national bird, bobbing through the grasslands near the foot of the mountain. "]
[3250,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","動物","幼虫","ようちゅう","nymphs (larvae) ","トンボは、たいていは幼虫が生息する堀、川、池などの水気の多い場所で見られる。","Dragonflies are usually associated with ditches, rivers, ponds, or other damp places where their nymphs (larvae) live."]
[3251,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","植物","茎","くき","stem","たとえばアキチョウジは、茎が長く、ツルリンドウの花の色に似た青っぽい紫の花を咲かせる。","Trumpet spurflower, for example, produces stems with slender, blue-violet blossoms similar in color to the blooms of nearby climbing gentian."]
[3252,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","テーマ施設等","天文台","てんもんだい","astronomical observatory","自然館には天文台と山陰地方最大のプラネタリウムもある。","The museum also contains an astronomical observatory and the largest planetarium in the San’in region."]
[3253,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","動物","足跡","あしあと","tracks","野生動物たちが少なくなる冬には、時折たぬきやテンの足跡を観察することができる。 ","In winter, when wildlife is scarce, observers can occasionally spot the tracks of Japanese raccoon dogs (tanuki) or Japanese martens. "]
[3254,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","自然現象","光害","こうがい","light pollution","プラネタリウムの投影システムは 365,000 の星を映し出すことができ、街の光害や天候といった要素に左右されることなく、あらゆる視点から、どのような季節の夜空でも再現することができる。","The planetarium’s projection system is capable of displaying 365,000 individual stars, and it can replicate the night sky from any viewpoint, in any season, unobstructed by light pollution or clouds."]
[3255,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","自然現象","地滑り","じすべり","landslide","三瓶山の最後の大噴火により地滑りが起こり、北川の斜面が砂や礫に覆われた。","Mt. Sanbe’s last great eruption caused a landslide of sand and debris that engulfed the valleys on its northern side. "]
[3256,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","その他","圃場整備","ほじょうせいび","restructuring a rice field","1983 年に、大田市の小豆原地域で水田の圃場整備していた工事作業者が、地下約 1 メートルの場所に非常に大きなスギの木が埋もれているのを見つけた。","In 1983, workers in the Azukihara district in the city of Ōda were restructuring a rice field when they unearthed an extremely large cedar tree about a meter below the surface."]
[3257,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","自然現象","火砕流","かさいりゅう","pyroclastic flow","次に、噴火により生じたガス、火山灰、火山礫の火砕流が、厚い灰の層とともに下層を覆った。","Next, pyroclastic flow—a scorching wave of gas, ash, and stone particles called lapilli—burst from the mountain, covering the avalanche material with a thick layer of ash."]
[3258,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","その他","横断面","おうだんめん","cross-section","この印象的な壁は、三瓶山の西にある草原地の実際の横断面だ。","This remarkable wall is actually a cross-section of earth from the grassland west of Mt. Sanbe."]
[3259,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","博物館・美術館","剝製","はくせい","taxidermic specimen ","「リャンコ大王」という、現在この地域で絶滅した種である二ホンアシカ（オス・成獣）のはく製も展示されている。  ","The exhibit is also home to King Ryanko, the only taxidermic specimen of an adult male Japanese sea lion, a more recently extinct species of the region. "]
[3260,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","動物","臼歯","きゅうし","molar","デスモスチルスの学名はギリシア語で「束ねられた (desmos) 柱 (stulos)」 を意味し、束ねられた 7 本の円柱のように見えるその特異な臼歯から名付けられている。","Desmostylus’ name comes from two Greek words meaning “bond” (desmos) and “pillar” (stulos). The name is a reference to its unusual molars, which look like seven circular columns bound together. "]
[3261,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","その他","繁殖地","はんしょくち","breeding ground","これらの小さな島は最後に残ったニホンアシカの繁殖地であったことがわかっており、最後に目撃されたのは 1953年であると記録されている。","These tiny islands were the last-known breeding ground for the species, with the final recorded sighting there in 1953. "]
[3262,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","その他","望遠鏡","ぼうえんきょう","telescope","自然館の天文台は公共施設で、来館者が使用できる600 ミリ大型望遠鏡が 1 台と200 ミリ大型望遠鏡が 4 台ある。","The museum’s Astronomical Observatory is a public facility equipped with one large, 600-millimeter-aperture telescope and four 200-millimeter-aperture telescopes that are available for visitors to use. "]
[3263,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","その他","地形","ちけい","topography","古三瓶が初めて噴火したのは約 10 万年前で、現在の周辺地形を構成する巨大な溶岩ドームが形成された。","Old Sanbe erupted for the first time around 100,000 years ago, forming a massive lava dome that makes up the surrounding topography. "]
[3264,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","工芸・美術品","杓文字","しゃもじ","wooden rice scoops","訪問者は海士の装飾や彫像には、共通してしゃもじが登場することに気づくだろう。このモチーフは地元で毎年8月に開催されるキンニャモニャ祭りと関係がある。","Visitors may notice the common appearance of wooden rice scoops (shamoji) in Ama’s decor and statuary. This motif is an allusion to the local Kinnyamonya Festival that is held each August. "]
[3265,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","芸能・興行・イベント","短歌","たんか","tanka","後鳥羽上皇が短歌を数多く残したことから、境内には31文字の短歌が書かれた看板や記念碑が数多くみられる。","Because of his poetic legacy, the shrine grounds have many placards and monuments inscribed with tanka, a genre of traditional Japanese poetry written in 31 syllables."]
[3266,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","動物","栄螺","さざえ","horned turban","沖合の水は澄んでいるため、海の巻貝の一種であるサザエ採取に適した場所である。","The clear waters offshore are also a good place to dive for horned turbans (sazae), a kind of edible marine snail."]
[3267,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","人物・人名・役職名","行脚していた僧\n雲水","あんぎゃしていたそう\nうんすい","itinerant Buddhist priest; itinerant monk","この湧き水は、天平年間（729–749）に行脚していた僧の行基（668–749）が島にたどり着いた際に発見された。","The spring was discovered during the Tenpyō era (729–749), when an itinerant Buddhist priest named Gyōki (668–749) arrived on the island."]
[3268,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神火","しんか","sacred fire","焼火山の上にある神社に灯る神火は、雨風から逃れられる場所を探す船にとって灯台の役割を何世紀もの間果たしてきた。","For many centuries, the sacred fire at the shrine on Mt. Takuhi served as a beacon for ships seeking safe harbor."]
[3269,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","人物・人名・役職名","遣唐使","けんとうし","envoy to the Tang Dynasty","篁は遣唐使として中国に2回向かったが、どちらも日本海でトラブルに遭遇し、2回とも引き返すことになった。","Takamura was twice sent as an envoy to the Tang Dynasty in China, but both times he encountered trouble in the Sea of Japan and was forced to return."]
[3270,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","その他","酸化する","さんかする","oxidize","火山が最初に噴火すると、マグマが噴火口から荒々しく噴き出し、固まったマグマ（＝溶岩）に閉じ込められたガスが気泡を発生し、それらが最終的に放出され岩の中に小さな穴を作る。空気に触れた溶岩は、冷却・硬化する前に酸化し赤みがかる。","The magma expelled from the mouth of the volcano during the initial eruption is expelled violently, and gases that become trapped in the hardening magma (now lava) form bubbles that eventually escape, creating small cavities in the rock. The lava, which is exposed to the air, oxidizes and turns red before it cools and hardens."]
[3271,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","岩石・洞窟","球晶","きゅうしょう","spherulite","海岸の流紋岩のもうひとつの特徴は岩にある大きな球状のくぼみだ。それらはガラス成分の多い岩で形成される。一般的に球状の結晶構造である球晶が成長してできたものだ。","Another striking feature of the coastal rhyolite is the large, spherical cavities in the rock. These are the result of the development of spherulites, typically spherical crystalline structures that form in rocks that are high in silica."]
[3272,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","動物","両生類","りょうせいるい","amphibians","カエル、イモリ、アシナシイモリ、サイレンとともに、サンショウウオは水中と陸上の両方で生活する「両生類」という類の動物に分類される。","Along with frogs, newts, caecilians, and sirens, salamanders make up the class of animals called “amphibians,” which spend part of their lives in water and part on land."]
[3273,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","史跡","木簡","もっかん","wooden tablet","税の記録、荷札、非公式な通知に使われた木簡という細長い木の板が宮跡から発掘された。","Wooden tablets called mokkan, which were used to record tallies, labels, and other unofficial notations, have been excavated at the ancient palace site."]
[3274,"鳥取県・島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","史跡","墳丘墓","ふんきゅうぼ","tomb mound","この調査から弥生時代（紀元前300–西暦300）の終わりの古墳（墳丘墓）という重要な遺跡が発掘された。","The survey revealed an important discovery: a tomb mound (funkyūbo) from the end of the Yayoi period (300 BCE–300 CE)."]
[3275,"鳥取県・島根県・岡山県","（大山隠岐国立公園）環境省大山隠岐国立公園管理事務所","人物・人名・役職名","地蔵菩薩","じぞうぼさつ","bodhisattva Jizo","中世より、巡礼者は道を歩くときに、巡礼者や子どもの守り神である地蔵菩薩にお参りをしました。","Since medieval times, pilgrims have flocked here to worship the bodhisattva Jizo, the protector of travelers and children."]
[3276,"鳥取県・島根県・岡山県","（大山隠岐国立公園）環境省大山隠岐国立公園管理事務所","乗物","北前船","きたまえぶね","kitamaebune","美保関はかつて、日本の沿岸部やアジア大陸に商品を運ぶ大きな船である北前船の港町として栄えていました。","The town itself once flourished as a port for large trading ships called kitamaebune that distributed goods along the coasts of Japan and the Asian continent. "]
[3277,"鳥取県・島根県・岡山県","（大山隠岐国立公園）環境省大山隠岐国立公園管理事務所","書物","出雲の国風土記","いずものくにふどき","Izumo no Kuni Fudoki","大山が最初に登場するのは、8世紀の「出雲国風土記（出雲の郷土文化と言い伝えの記録）」の中の国引き神話です。","Mt. Daisen first appears in the “Land-Pulling Myth” recorded in the eighth century Izumo no Kuni Fudoki. "]
[3278,"鳥取県・島根県・岡山県","（大山隠岐国立公園）環境省大山隠岐国立公園管理事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","奥宮","おくのみや","Mountain Sanctuary","本堂の側面には、もう一つの古い石畳の道が大神山神社奥宮に続いています。","Another old, stone-paved path leads from alongside the hall up to the Mountain Sanctuary of Ogamiyama Shrine, an Important Cultural Property. ","※奥宮が本宮よりも山側にある場合はMountain Sanctuaryが好ましい"]
[3279,"鳥取県・島根県・岡山県","（大山隠岐国立公園）環境省大山隠岐国立公園管理事務所","その他","一木一石運動","いちぼくいっせきうんどう","One Tree, One Stone project","山の生態系を以前の姿に戻すため、「一木一石運動」を行っています。この運動では、頂上周辺に植えるための指定された苗と、浸食された斜面を安定させるための石をボランティアが山頂へ持っていきます。","To help restore the mountain’s ecosystem, volunteers participate in the “One Tree, One Stone” project, in which they bring designated tree saplings to plant around the summit, and stones to help stabilize the heavily eroded slopes."]
[3280,"鳥取県・島根県・岡山県","（大山隠岐国立公園）環境省大山隠岐国立公園管理事務所","植物","八重桜","やえざくら","double-flowered cherry tree","桜祭りは4月下旬に近くの船上山万本桜公園で、八重桜が満開になるときに開かれます。","A cherry blossom festival is held in late April at nearby Mt. Senjo Manbon Sakura Park, when the double-flowered cherry trees are in full bloom. "]
[3281,"鳥取県・島根県・岡山県","（大山隠岐国立公園）環境省大山隠岐国立公園管理事務所","山岳","霊山","れいざん","sacred peak","船上山は、三徳山や大山と共にこの地域の修験道の三霊山(伯耆三嶺) の1つでした。","Together with Mt. Mitoku and Mt. Daisen, Mt. Senjo was regarded as one of the three sacred peaks of Shugendo practice in this region."]
[3282,"鳥取県・島根県・岡山県","（大山隠岐国立公園）環境省大山隠岐国立公園管理事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","修験道","しゅげんどう","Shugendo","船上山は、三徳山や大山と共にこの地域の修験道の三霊山(伯耆三嶺) の1つでした。","Together with Mt. Mitoku and Mt. Daisen, Mt. Senjo was regarded as one of the three sacred peaks of Shugendo practice in this region."]
[3283,"鳥取県・島根県・岡山県","（大山隠岐国立公園）環境省大山隠岐国立公園管理事務所","自然現象","柱状節理","ちゅうじょうせつり","columnar jointing","船上山の東側の崖は、柱状節理とよばれる地質で、百万年前に形成されました。その形は日本の伝統的な屏風に例えられます。","The cliffs on the east side of Mt. Senjo were formed one million years ago through a geological process called columnar jointing. "]
[3284,"鳥取県・島根県・岡山県","（大山隠岐国立公園）環境省大山隠岐国立公園管理事務所","レジャー・アクティビティ","大山古道","だいせんこどう","historic Daisen Trail","大山古道は、大山のホーリートレイルとも呼ばれ、約400年前、巡礼者や牛馬市のために作られました。","The historic Daisen Trails, sometimes referred to as the holy trails of Mt. Daisen, were built around 400 years ago for pilgrims and as infrastructure for the livestock market. "]
[3285,"鳥取県・島根県・岡山県","（大山隠岐国立公園）環境省大山隠岐国立公園管理事務所","植物","ススキ","すすき","Japanese silver grass","湿原周辺にはあらゆる種類の花に適した草原があり、秋にはススキの原が美しい銀色になります。","Alongside the marsh are grasslands that are home to a variety of wildflowers, including fields of Japanese silver grass (Miscanthus sinensis), that in autumn turns the area into a shimmering silver sea."]
[3286,"鳥取県・島根県・岡山県","（大山隠岐国立公園）環境省大山隠岐国立公園管理事務所","その他","山焼き","やまやき","yamayaki","豊かな草原を守るため、長年の間、毎年春になると、山焼きという伝統的な活動が行われます。","A traditional land management practice, called yamayaki, has been carried out every spring for many generations. "]
[3287,"鳥取県・島根県・岡山県","（大山隠岐国立公園）環境省大山隠岐国立公園管理事務所","その他","火入れ","ひいれ","hi-ire","草原は、豊富な動植物の多様性を促す、火入れと呼ばれる慣習によって維持されています。","A process of controlled burning called hi-ire encourages growth of new grass and also maintains the environment and provides habitat for a rich diversity of plants and animals."]
[3288,"鳥取県・島根県・岡山県","（大山隠岐国立公園）環境省大山隠岐国立公園管理事務所","人物・人名・役職名","灯台守","とうだいもり","lighthouse keeper","かつて灯台守の宿舎として使われていた海沿いのレストランが併設され、日本海の景色を眺めながら食事をすることができます。","The seaside restaurant next door once served as the lighthouse keeper’s home and provides visitors with an opportunity to enjoy local cuisine along with a spectacular view."]
[3289,"鳥取県・島根県・岡山県","（大山隠岐国立公園）環境省大山隠岐国立公園管理事務所","社会","明治維新","めいじいしん","Meiji Restoration","軍事支配は1868年の明治維新まで続きました。","Military shogunates continued to rule Japan until the Meiji Restoration of 1868. "]
[3290,"鳥取県・島根県・岡山県","（大山隠岐国立公園）環境省大山隠岐国立公園管理事務所","岩石・洞窟","安山岩","あんざんがん","andesite rock","大山のような溶岩ドームの火山を構成する安山岩は崩れやすいため、特徴である、山の南側と北側の間に続く長い岩壁のような特徴を形成します。","The andesite rock that is typical of lava dome volcanoes like Mt. Daisen cracks quite easily, creating features like the long rock wall between the mountain’s north and south flanks. These features accentuate the mountain’s beauty."]
[3291,"鳥取県・島根県・岡山県","（大山隠岐国立公園）環境省大山隠岐国立公園管理事務所","植物","ダイセンアシボソスゲ","だいせんあしぼぞすげ","Daisen ashibososuge sedge","大山には、多くの鳥や昆虫が生息しています。また、大山にのみ自生する高山植物のダイセンアシボソスゲなど珍しい植物もあります。","The mountain is habitat for many species of birds and insects, as well as rare alpine plants like the Daisen ashibososuge sedge (Carex scita var. parvisquama) that grows only on Mt. Daisen. "]
[3292,"鳥取県・島根県・岡山県","（大山隠岐国立公園）環境省大山隠岐国立公園管理事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神道","しんとう","Shinto","仏教の名であった「弥山禅定」は、19世紀後半以来「もひとり神事」という神道の名となりました。","In the late nineteenth century, the Buddhist name misenzenjo was changed to the Shinto name mohitori-shinji."]
[3293,"鳥取県・島根県・岡山県","（大山隠岐国立公園）環境省大山隠岐国立公園管理事務所","書物","古事記","こじき","Kojiki","出雲大社は、8世紀にさかのぼり現存する最古の日本の歴史書である古事記と日本書紀に記録されている、日本最古の神社の一つです。","Izumo Oyashiro (Izumo Grand Shrine) is one of the oldest Shinto shrines, appearing in both the Kojiki (Record of Ancient Matters) and the Nihon shoki (Chronicle of Japan), the oldest existing chronicles of Japan dating back to the eighth century."]
[3294,"鳥取県・島根県・岡山県","（大山隠岐国立公園）環境省大山隠岐国立公園管理事務所","書物","日本書紀","にほんしょき","Nihon shoki ","出雲大社は、8世紀にさかのぼり現存する最古の日本の歴史書である古事記と日本書紀に記録されている、日本最古の神社の一つです。","Izumo Oyashiro (Izumo Grand Shrine) is one of the oldest Shinto shrines, appearing in both the Kojiki (Record of Ancient Matters) and the Nihon shoki (Chronicle of Japan), the oldest existing chronicles of Japan dating back to the eighth century."]
[3295,"鳥取県・島根県・岡山県","（大山隠岐国立公園）環境省大山隠岐国立公園管理事務所","社会","建武の新政","けんむのしんせい","Kenmu Restoration","ここで彼は兵を挙げ、幕府を倒し、1333年に建武新政を実施しました。"," In 1333 the shogunate was toppled, and direct imperial rule was established during the Kenmu Restoration."]
[3296,"鳥取県・島根県・岡山県","（大山隠岐国立公園）環境省大山隠岐国立公園管理事務所","山岳","トロイデ型火山","とろいでがたかざん","tholoid-type volcano","半島の南にある、緑豊かな牧草地に囲まれたトロイデ型火山である三瓶山も公園の一部です。","South of the peninsula, the park includes Mt. Sanbe, a tholoid-type volcano which has extensive pastures."]
[3297,"鳥取県・島根県・岡山県","（大山隠岐国立公園）環境省大山隠岐国立公園管理事務所","人物・人名・役職名","カラス天狗","からすてんぐ","Crow Tengu","地元の民間伝承には、一部が人間で一部が鳥の形状を持つ伝説的な生き物であるカラス天狗が大山には住んでいたなどの架空の生き物の物語もあります。","Local folklore contains stories of mythical creatures like the Crow Tengu, a part-human, part-avian being said to reside on Mt. Daisen. "]
[3298,"鳥取県・島根県・岡山県","（大山隠岐国立公園）環境省大山隠岐国立公園管理事務所","動物","オオサンショウウオ","おおさんしょううお"," Japanese giant salamander","この国立公園およびその周辺地域は、1メートル半までの長さに達し、そして世界で最も大きい両生類のオオサンショウウオの生息地です。","The sparkling creeks in the park and its surrounding areas are inhabited by endangered Japanese giant salamanders, which reach lengths of up to a meter and a half and are one of the largest amphibians in the world."]
[3299,"鳥取県・島根県・岡山県","（大山隠岐国立公園）環境省大山隠岐国立公園管理事務所","その他","国引き神話","くにびきしんわ","Land-Pulling Myth","この山は島根半島がどのようにして形成されたかについて物語る『国引き神話』と密接に関係しています。","This mountain is intimately connected to the “Land-Pulling Myth,” which tells of how the Shimane Peninsula was formed. "]
[3300,"鳥取県・島根県・岡山県","（大山隠岐国立公園）環境省大山隠岐国立公園管理事務所","建造物等","石州瓦","せきしゅうがわら","sekishu tiled roof","観光客は、鷺浦の大きなトンネル付近の墓地へ向かう道を登り、赤い石州瓦で統一された家屋の町並みを眺めることができます。","Visitors can follow a path leading to a cemetery near the large tunnel of Sagiura that affords a view of the town with its red sekishu tiled roofs. "]
[3301,"鳥取県・島根県・岡山県","（大山隠岐国立公園）環境省大山隠岐国立公園管理事務所","岩石・洞窟","摩天崖","まてんがい","Matengai Cliff","この海岸には、日本で最も高い崖の摩天崖があり、崖の上では牛や馬が草を食べています。","The coast includes the towering Matengai Cliff, one of the highest sea cliffs in Japan, on top of which cattle and horses graze. "]
[3302,"鳥取県・島根県・岡山県","（大山隠岐国立公園）環境省大山隠岐国立公園管理事務所","山岳","活火山","かっかざん","active volcano","大山はかつて活火山で、100万年前から2万年前まで続いた火山活動によって現在の姿になりました。","Mt. Daisen was once an active volcano, and its current form was shaped by volcanic activity between one million and twenty thousand years ago. "]
[3303,"鳥取県・島根県・岡山県","（大山隠岐国立公園）環境省大山隠岐国立公園管理事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神","かみ","kami","ここには山陰地方を治めたとされる神道の神である大国主命が祀られています。","Enshrined here is Okuninushi, the Shinto kami deity who ruled the San’in region. ","※明確に神道の神を指す場合はShinto kami deity"]
[3304,"鳥取県・島根県・岡山県","（大山隠岐国立公園）環境省大山隠岐国立公園管理事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","仏教","ぶっきょう"," Buddhist","仏教の名であった「弥山禅定」は、19世紀後半以来「もひとり神事」という神道の名となりました。","In the late nineteenth century, the Buddhist name misenzenjo was changed to the Shinto name mohitori-shinji."]
[3305,"広島県","広島市","庭園・公園","回遊式庭園","かいゆうしき ていえん","kaiyushiki teien","縮景園は、回遊式庭園（「周遊型の庭園」）として知られる日本庭園の典型です。","Shukkeien is representative of a style of Japanese garden known as kaiyushiki teien (“excursion-style garden”). "]
[3306,"広島県","広島市","庭園・公園","縮景園","しゅっけいえん","Shukkeien","縮景園の名前は「縮めた景色の庭園」という意味で、静かな山と川の景色を同園がいかに、美しく歩ける範囲に収めているかを表しています。その規模は、およそ野球場ほどです。","The name Shukkeien translates as “shrunken scenic garden,” signifying how the garden elegantly encapsulates tranquil mountain and river views in a walkable area roughly the size of a baseball stadium.","*「縮景園」の意味を翻訳する際に一例としてご参照ください。"]
[3307,"広島県","広島市","工芸・美術品","日本画","にほんが","Nihonga","同コレクションはまた日本画だけでなく、アジア各国からの伝統工芸品を集めた所蔵品の維持にも力を入れています。","The collection also maintains a focus on Japanese Nihonga painting, as well as traditional arts and crafts from across Asia."]
[3308,"広島県","広島市","食","梅","うめ","ume","内部で目立つ日本的要素には、ハスの花の形をしたランプ（仏教徒の寄贈者に感謝の意を）と、竹、松、梅のモチーフを組み入れた窓があります。金の十字を持つキリスト像が、身廊の中でひときわ存在感を放っています。","Inside, notable Japanese elements include lamps in the shape of lotus flowers (an acknowledgement of gratitude to Buddhist donors) and windows incorporating bamboo, pine, and ume plum motifs. "]
[3309,"広島県","広島市","人物・人名・役職名","大名","だいみょう","daimyo","その次には、安芸と備後の大名として福島正則（1561〜1624）が広島城に入りました。","Fukushima Masanori (1561–1624) subsequently occupied Hiroshima Castle as the daimyo lord of Aki and Bingo Provinces.","*英語辞典に掲載されているのでイタリック体は不要。"]
[3310,"広島県","広島市","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","九輪","くりん","Kurin Tower","建物の鐘楼からそびえ立つ仏教風の九輪は、爆風の熱でゆがみ、被害を受けたままの状態で今日まで残されています。","The Buddhist-style Kurin Tower, which rises from the building’s belfry, was warped by the heat of the blast and has been retained to this day in its damaged state."]
[3311,"広島県","広島市","人物・人名・役職名","観音","かんのん","Kannon","平和の鐘として知られるこの鐘は、爆心地に近い土壌から採取した砂を一部使って鋳造されており、広島市の上空に現出された観音像と共に「No More Hiroshimas」の碑文が刻まれています。","Known as the Peace Bell, it was cast partly using sand taken from ground close to the hypocenter, and it features the inscription “No More Hiroshimas” together with a relief of the Buddhist deity Kannon, the bodhisattva of mercy, in the sky over the city."]
[3312,"広島県","広島市","史跡","埴輪","はにわ","haniwa","この1952年に建てられたコンクリート建築もまた、丹下健三のデザインで、古代の粘土の置物（埴輪）に触発され、故人の魂に避難所を提供することを意図しています。","Another Tange design, this concrete structure built in 1952 was inspired by an ancient clay figurine (haniwa), and as such is intended to offer shelter for the souls of the deceased."]
[3313,"広島県","広島市","芸能・興行・イベント","よさこい","よさこい","yosakoi","現代のよさこい踊りや、何世紀もの歴史をもつ演劇と舞との非常にドラマチックな融合である神楽など、刺激的なパフォーマンスがここで見られます。","Thrilling performances of contemporary yosakoi dance and kagura, a centuries-old and highly dramatic fusion of theater and dance, can be seen here."]
[3314,"広島県","広島市","年中行事","神楽","かぐら","kagura","現代のよさこい踊りや、何世紀もの歴史をもつ演劇と舞との非常にドラマチックな融合である神楽など、刺激的なパフォーマンスがここで見られます。","Thrilling performances of contemporary yosakoi dance and kagura, a centuries-old and highly dramatic fusion of theater and dance, can be seen here."]
[3315,"広島県","広島市","年中行事","灯篭流し","とうろうながし","Toro Nagashi","とうろう流しは、紙でできた灯篭を川に浮かべる行事で通常は亡くなった先祖の霊が故郷へ帰ってくるとされる8月中旬のお盆の時期に日本中で行われます。","Toro Nagashi, a ceremony in which paper lanterns are set afloat on rivers, is held at locations across Japan,usually to coincide with the mid-August Obon period, when the spirits of deceased ancestors are believed to return to their hometowns. "]
[3316,"広島県","広島市","年中行事","お盆","おぼん","Obon","とうろう流しは、紙でできた灯篭を川に浮かべる行事で通常は亡くなった先祖の霊が故郷へ帰ってくるとされる8月中旬のお盆の時期に日本中で行われます。","Toro Nagashi, a ceremony in which paper lanterns are set afloat on rivers, is held at locations across Japan,usually to coincide with the mid-August Obon period, when the spirits of deceased ancestors are believed to return to their hometowns. "]
[3317,"広島県","広島市","芸能・興行・イベント","神楽","かぐら","kagura","神楽は、演劇と舞とを非常にドラマチックに組み合わせたもので、鬼や、侍や、一般の百姓が出てきます。","Kagura is a highly dramatic combination of theater and dance featuring demons, samurai, and regular country folk."]
[3318,"広島県","広島市","動物","土蜘蛛","つちぐも","Tsuchi-gumo","そのなかには敗れた氏族の長たちが復讐に燃える蜘蛛のような鬼と化した話の『土蜘蛛』や、洪水を象徴した八つの頭を持つ大蛇が村の田んぼを破壊すると脅す『八岐大蛇』などがあります。","Among these are “Tsuchi-gumo,” which tells of defeated clan leaders turned into revenge-seeking spiderlike demons, and “Yamata no Orochi,” in which an eight-headed serpent symbolizes the floods threatening to destroy a village’s rice fields. ","*神楽の演目の説明"]
[3319,"広島県","広島市","動物","八岐大蛇","やまたのおろち","Yamata no Orochi","そのなかには敗れた氏族の長たちが復讐に燃える蜘蛛のような鬼と化した話の『土蜘蛛』や、洪水を象徴した八つの頭を持つ大蛇が村の田んぼを破壊すると脅す『八岐大蛇』などがあります。","Among these are “Tsuchi-gumo,” which tells of defeated clan leaders turned into revenge-seeking spiderlike demons, and “Yamata no Orochi,” in which an eight-headed serpent symbolizes the floods threatening to destroy a village’s rice fields. ","*神楽の演目の説明"]
[3320,"広島県","広島市","食","お好み焼き","おこのみやき","okonomiyaki","文字通り「お好みに料理する」を意味するお好み焼きは、コクのある、焼いたパンケーキのような、日本じゅうで人気のある料理です。","Okonomiyaki, literally meaning “cooked as you like,” is a savory, fried pancake-like dish popular across Japan.","Alternative description (from #36):\nお好み焼きは、油で焼いて作る甘くないパンケーキのような料理で、戦後の広島で考え出されたものがソウルフードとして街の象徴になっています。\nOkonomiyaki is a savory, fried pancake-like dish concocted in postwar Hiroshima and famed as the city’s emblematic soul food."]
[3321,"広島県","広島市","その他","鉄板","てっぱん","teppan","その魅力を大きく占めるのは、その濃厚な味のほかに、気取らないレストランに集まって熱く焼けた鉄板の上で代わる代わる料理される楽しさです。","A large part of its appeal, besides its robust flavor, is the enjoyment of gathering in a casual restaurant to take turns cooking it atop a scorching hot teppan plate."]
[3322,"広島県","広島市","食","一銭洋食","いっせん よしょく","issen yoshoku","元は一銭洋食（「ワンコインの西洋食」）という名で子供たちが昔からおやつに食べていたものが変化し、手に入る食材を何でも使ってすべての年代の人々に食される料理になったのです。","Originally a traditional children’s snack called issen yoshoku (“one-coin Western food”), the dish was adapted and came to be eaten by people of all ages, with ingredients consisting of whatever was at hand."]
[3323,"広島県","広島市","その他","筏","いかだ","ikada","複数の川が広島湾に絶えず栄養分を供給していますが、その湾の浅瀬に牡蠣を取り付けた筏が1万近く設置され、そこで成長する牡蠣たちは絶え間なくプランクトンにありつくことができます。","Multiple rivers bring a constant supply of nutrients into Hiroshima Bay, where around 10,000 oyster-laden rafts (ikada), positioned in shallow waters, enable their growing occupants to feed on plankton around the clock."]
[3324,"広島県","広島市","食","ゆず","ゆず","yuzu","この施設や市内の他のお店でも売られているお土産の中では、柚子を使ったバターケーキが人気です。柚子はアジア原産の柑橘類で、広島の気候では特によく育ちます。","Popular among the delicious items sold here, and at other stores across the city, is a butter cake made with yuzu, a citrus fruit native to Asia which grows particularly well in the Hiroshima area."]
[3325,"広島県","広島市","食","八朔","はっさく","hassaku","広島にゆかりの深い食べ物には、ハッサクがあります。鼻に抜ける酸味があるオレンジのような果実です。広島県内のお寺で発見されて広まった果物で、餡に加工して柔らかいお餅で包んだお菓子がはっさく大福として売られています。","Closely associated with Hiroshima is the tangy, orange-like hassaku. This fruit was originally discovered near a temple in Hiroshima Prefecture, and is used as the filling inside puffy rice cakes called hassaku daifuku."]
[3326,"広島県","広島市","食","もみじ饅頭","もみじまんじゅう","momiji manju","広島名産のお菓子には、もみじ饅頭もあります。宮島が発祥のお菓子で、モミジの葉の形のケーキに小豆餡が入っています。","Another sweet local treat is momiji manju. Originating on Miyajima Island, these are maple-leaf-shaped cakes with a bean-paste filling."]
[3327,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","工芸・美術品","陣太鼓","じんだいこ","jindaiko","陣太鼓（war drum）は侍が軍隊に動向を知らせるために使われました。","The jindaiko or war drum was used by samurai to signal troop movements."]
[3328,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","紋章等 ","三つ巴","みつどもえ","mitsudomoe","この太鼓がどの一族のものかは定かではありませんが、革の上に記された九角星が特徴的です。ほとんどの陣太鼓はそのような模様の代わりに、3つのコンマ記号のような形で構成された渦巻き模様（三つ巴）で飾られていたからです。","It is not clear which clan this drum belonged to, but the nine-point star pattern on the leather is distinctive, as most jindaiko were instead decorated with a swirling pattern made up of three comma-like shapes (mitsudomoe)."]
[3329,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神饌","しんせん","shinsen","そのようなお供え（神饌）はおそらく毎日行われていましたが、とりわけ収穫後や年に数回ある神社の祭事（お祭り）の時には豪華になる傾向があります。","Such offerings (shinsen) may be made day-to-day but they tend to be particularly lavish after a harvest and on the occasion of a shrine festival (matsuri), of which there are several every year."]
[3330,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","祭り","まつり","matsuri","そのようなお供え（神饌）はおそらく毎日行われていましたが、とりわけ収穫後や年に数回ある神社の祭事（お祭り）の時には豪華になる傾向があります。","Such offerings (shinsen) may be made day-to-day but they tend to be particularly lavish after a harvest and on the occasion of a shrine festival (matsuri), of which there are several every year."]
[3331,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","舞楽","ぶがく","bugaku","インクに浸けて布地に押し当てることで、現存する日本最古の芸能の1つである舞楽（宮廷舞踏）のための衣装を装飾しました。","It was dipped in ink and pressed onto cloth to decorate costumes for bugaku, or court dancing, one of the oldest extant performing arts in Japan."]
[3332,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","建造物等","高舞台","たかぶたい","takabutai","今でも神社本殿のすぐ正面にあるテラスの上の四角形のステージ「高舞台」で、1年を通して決められた日に上演が行われており、広く一般に公開されています。","Performances still take place on the shrine’s takabutai, the square stage on the terrace directly in front of the main shrine building, on set dates throughout the year, and are generally open to the public"]
[3333,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","書物","平家納経","へいけのうきょう","Heike Nokyo","33本から成る一式の装飾的な経典の巻物「平家納経」は、この神社が所蔵する極めて貴重な多くの宝物の中でも最も重要なものです。強力な政治家であり宮廷の大物でもあった平清盛（1118～1181年）が、信仰心を示す捧げ物および平家の力の象徴として厳島神社に奉納しました。","Heike Nokyo, the set of 33 ornamental sutra scrolls dedicated to Itsukushima Shrine by the powerful political and court figure Taira no Kiyomori (1118–1181) both as a pious offering and as a symbol of the Taira clan’s power, is perhaps the most significant of the shrine’s many priceless treasures."]
[3334,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","動物","ビーナスの花かご","びーなすのはなかご","Venus' flower basket","ビーナスの花かご（カイロウドウケツ）は通常、350～1,000メートルの深さで見つかります。この深海の生息環境がそれらの海綿を、昔の日本においては稀なものとされていました。","The Venus’ flower basket is commonly found at depths of 350 to 1,000 meters, and this deep-sea habitat made these sponges a coveted rarity in traditional Japan."]
[3335,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","書物","詞花集","しかしゅう","Shikashu","紙は金と銀の葉で装飾され、1151年に作られた勅撰和歌集『詞花集』から引用した3首の歌が添えられています。","The paper is decorated with gold and silver leaf and inscribed with three poems from the Shikashu (Collection of Verbal Flowers), a court anthology of waka poetry dated to 1151."]
[3336,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","絵馬","えま","ema","絵馬（「馬の絵」）という言葉は、一般的に願い事や祈願を書いて神道の神社や仏教の寺院に供える、奉納のための木の板のことを指します。","The word ema (“horse picture”) commonly refers to the wooden votive tablets on which wishes and prayers are written and offered at Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples."]
[3337,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","山姥","やまうば","yamauba","京都の絵師、長沢芦雪（1754～1799年）によるこの絵は、恐ろしい見た目の山姥（「山の魔女」）とその養子を描いています。","This painting by the Kyoto-based artist Nagasawa Rosetsu (1754–1799) portrays a fearsome-looking yamauba (“mountain witch”) and her adoptive child."]
[3338,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大鳥居","おおとりい","Great Torii","大鳥居は宮島のシンボルです。1168年以来ずっと島の入り口を守るように立ち、聖と俗の間の境界線を示しています。","The Great Torii (O-torii) is the symbol of Miyajima and has stood guard over the entrance to the island since 1168, marking the border between the sacred and the secular."]
[3339,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","七福神","しちふくじん","Seven Lucky Gods","日本の神話における七福神は、信仰心の証および神々を喜ばせる贈り物として神社に捧げられる絵馬ための、一般的な絵のモチーフです。","The Seven Lucky Gods in Japanese mythology are a common motif for ema paintings presented to shrines as a sign of one’s faith and as a gift to please the deities."]
[3340,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","工芸・美術品","狩野派","かのうは","Kano school","探幽は狩野派で最も抜きん出た絵師の一人でした。狩野派は政権からのひいきを受け、江戸時代（1603～1868年）の大部分を通して日本の絵画界に権勢を振るいました。","Tanyu was one of the foremost artists of the Kano school, which enjoyed the favor of the government and dominated the world of painting in Japan throughout most of the Edo period (1603–1868)."]
[3341,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","太政大臣","だいじょうだいじん","daijo daijin","彼はすでに朝廷で大きな影響力を振るっており、1167年に国の最高管理者であり事実上の指導者である太政大臣(英“chancellor of the realm”)の職位へと上り詰めた初の武士出身者となりました。","He already wielded great influence at court, and in 1167 became the first person of warrior origin to ascend to the office of daijo daijin (“chancellor of the realm”), the country’s chief administrator and de facto leader."]
[3342,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","集落・街","安芸郡","あきぐん","Aki Province","かつて安芸郡（現在の広島県西部)の総督（注：安芸守の意）を務めた清盛は数十年にわたり厳島神社を参拝しており、清盛が力を握ると厳島神社は京都の貴族社会の中で特別な地位を享受するようになりました。","Kiyomori, whose former posts included governor of Aki Province (present-day western Hiroshima Prefecture), had worshiped at Itsukushima Shrine for decades, and as he rose to power the shrine came to enjoy a special position among the aristocracy in Kyoto."]
[3343,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","工芸・美術品","瀟湘八景","しょうしょうはっけい","Eight views of Xiaoxiang","ある場所を代表するいくつかの風景を選ぶ風習はアジア本土から導入されたもので、宋朝中国(960-1279)の詩、図面、絵画の人気の主題である瀟湘八景に由来します。","The practice of choosing a number of iconic “views” to represent a place was introduced from mainland Asia, where it originated with the eight views of Xiaoxiang, a popular subject of poems, drawings, and paintings in Song China (960–1279)."]
[3344,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","工芸・美術品","富嶽三十六景","ふがくさんじゅうろっけい","Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji","この伝統は後に変更・拡大されていき、北斎(1760-1849)の富嶽三十六景のような有名な連続作品にそれが見られます。","This tradition was later modified and expanded upon, as demonstrated by famous serial works such as Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji by Hokusai (1760–1849)."]
[3345,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","工芸・美術品","三十六歌仙","さんじゅうろっかせん","Thirty-Six Immortals of Poetry","このシリーズでは、7世紀から10世紀にかけての和歌歌人のグループである「三十六歌仙」が描かれています。","The series represents the Thirty-Six Immortals of Poetry, a group of waka poets from the seventh to the tenth centuries."]
[3346,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","管絃祭","かんげんさい","Kangen Festival","毎年恒例の管絃祭は宮島で最も壮大で人気のあるイベントです。","The annual Kangen (“wind and string instrument”) Festival is the most grandiose and popular event on Miyajima."]
[3347,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","工芸・美術品","御室派","おむろは","Omuro","この広大な仏教寺院は、535メートルの弥山の麓に位置し、真言密教の御室派に属しています。","This vast Buddhist temple complex is located at the foot of Mt. Misen (535 meters) and belongs to the Omuro branch of esoteric Shingon Buddhism."]
[3348,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","仁和寺","にんなじ","Ninnaji","鳥羽天皇の息子の一人、覚性(1129-1169)は、皇室と非常に密接な関係を持つ御室派の総本山であり神聖な場所であった京都の仁和寺の寺主でした。","One of Emperor Toba’s sons, Kakusho (1129–1169), was the chief abbot of Ninnaji in Kyoto, the head temple of the Omuro branch and a sanctuary with very close ties to the imperial family."]
[3349,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","建造物等","仁王門","におうもん","Niomon","仁王門、つまり守護王の門は、大聖院への入口の印となり、世俗的な世界から寺院の神聖な境内を分けています。","The Niomon, or gate of the guardian kings, marks the entrance to Daishoin and separates the sacred grounds of the temple from the secular world."]
[3350,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","不動明王","ふどうみょうおう","Fudo Myo-o","不動明王(サンスクリット語でアチャラ)は、5人の仏教の知恵の王様の一人であり、真言仏教の中心的な神です。","Fudo Myo-o (Acala in Sanskrit) is one of the five Buddhist Wisdom Kings and a central deity in Shingon Buddhism."]
[3351,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","本尊","ほんぞん","honzon","この神の起源は初期のインド仏教にまでさかのぼることができますが、不動明王は日本で特に尊敬を集め、多くの寺院で本尊として祀られています。","Although the origins of this deity can be traced back to early Indian Buddhism, Fudo Myo-o is particularly revered in Japan, where numerous temples honor him as their principal deity (honzon)."]
[3352,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","植物","ヒノキ","ひのき","hinoki cypress","一点のヒノキ材から彫られたこの彫刻は高さ約1メートルで、張り詰めた集中状態にいるかように目を大きく見開き、下唇を噛む知恵王が表現されています。","Carved from a single piece of hinoki cypress, the sculpture is approximately 1 meter in height and depicts the Wisdom King with his eyes wide open, biting his lower lip, as if in a state of intense concentration."]
[3353,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","御成門","おなりもん","onarimon","御成門は将軍や天皇など、位の高い個人が独占的に使用するための門です。","An onarimon is a gate for the exclusive use of high-ranking individuals such as a shogun or an emperor."]
[3354,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","建造物等","上段之間","じょうだんのま","jodan no ma","大聖院は宮島で唯一上段の間(一段上がった間)を持つ構造だったため、君主が島を訪れた際の臨時住居に選ばれました。この取り決めは、天皇の宿舎が側近の宿舎よりも高い位置にあることを保証するために採用されました。","Daishoin was chosen as the monarch’s temporary residence when he visited the island because it was the only structure on Miyajima with a jodan no ma—an “upper-level” room with a raised platform."]
[3355,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","十一面観音","じゅういちめんかんのん","Juichimen Kannon","メインルームの中央と入口から真向かいにある像は11の頭を持つ慈悲の菩薩、十一面観音の表現です。","The statue in the middle of the main room and directly across from the entrance depicts Juichimen Kannon, the eleven-headed bodhisattva of compassion."]
[3356,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","戒壇めぐり","かいだんめぐり","kaidan meguri","これは建物の地下通路である戒壇めぐりの入口で、一般に公開されています。","This is the entrance to the kaidan meguri, a pitch-black corridor that symbolizes the body of Kannon, the bodhisattva of compassion."]
[3357,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","行基","ぎょうき","Gyoki","この像の来歴は完全には明らかになっていませんが、奈良時代（710～794）の有名な仏僧である行基（668～749）に由来すると昔から考えられてきました。","The provenance of the statue is not entirely clear, but it has traditionally been attributed to Gyoki (668–749), a renowned Buddhist priest of the Nara period (710–794)."]
[3358,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","密教","みっきょう","mikkyo","どちらも密教(秘密の教え)の伝統から派生したこの2つの宗教は、今日でも一定の交流を維持しています。","Both developed from the Vajrayana tradition (also known as Tantric or Esoteric Buddhism), which is called mikkyo (“secret teachings”) in Japan, and they maintain a certain level of interaction even today."]
[3359,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","弥勒","みろく","Miroku","この時ダライ・ラマ法王が奉献した金の弥勒菩薩像は、現在は弥勒の間に展示され、色鮮やかなチベットの吹き流しで飾られています。","On that occasion, the Dalai Lama consecrated the golden statue of Miroku now displayed in the chamber and decorated with colorful Tibetan streamers."]
[3360,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","曼荼羅","まんだら","mandala","仏教における曼荼羅は宇宙を図案化したもので、さまざまな形態のものがあります。","In Buddhism, a mandala is a visual representation of the cosmos and can take many forms. "]
[3361,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","両界曼荼羅","りょうかいまんだら","Mandala of the Two Realms (Ryokai Mandala)","大聖院が属する真言密教で最も広く用いられた曼荼羅は、両界曼荼羅です。","The most widely used mandala in esoteric Shingon Buddhism, to which Daishoin belongs, is the Mandala of the Two Realms (Ryokai Mandala)."]
[3362,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","金剛界","こんごうかい","Diamond Realm (Kongokai)","2つの曼荼羅 は不変の知恵の領域である「金剛界」を表現するものと、物理現象の世界である「胎蔵界」があります。","The two realms are the Diamond Realm (Kongokai), the domain of unchanging wisdom, and the Womb Realm (Taizokai), the domain of physical phenomena."]
[3363,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","胎蔵界","たいぞうかい","Womb Realm (Taizokai)","2つの曼荼羅 は不変の知恵の領域である「金剛界」を表現するものと、物理現象の世界である「胎蔵界」があります。","The two realms are the Diamond Realm (Kongokai), the domain of unchanging wisdom, and the Womb Realm (Taizokai), the domain of physical phenomena."]
[3364,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","工芸・美術品","厳島図屏風","いつくしまずびょうぶ","Itsukushima Folding Screen","厳島図屏風は、北西から見た宮島を題材とした地図のような非常に細密な絵画作品で、現在フェリーで宮島を訪れる際に楽しめる風景と似た眺めが描かれています。","The Itsukushima Folding Screen is a highly detailed, map-like painting of Miyajima seen from the northwest, and depicts a view similar to that enjoyed by visitors approaching the island by ferry today."]
[3365,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","その他","勅願","ちょくがん","Chokugan","勅願とは「天皇の祈り」を意味し、特に領土全体の平和と繁栄を願うことを指しています。 ","Chokugan means “emperor’s prayer” and refers specifically to an appeal for peace and prosperity throughout the realm."]
[3366,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","波切不動明王","なみきりふどうみょうおう","Namikiri Fudo Myo-o","現在の勅願堂は1910年に再建されたもので、その目玉となっているのは、真言宗で広く崇拝されている凄まじい外観の神・不動明王が「波を切る」姿で描かれた波切不動明王の木像です。","The current hall was constructed in 1910 and its focal point is a wooden image of Namikiri Fudo Myo-o, the “wave-breaking” manifestation of a fierce-looking deity that is widely worshiped in Shingon Buddhism."]
[3367,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","三鬼大権現","さんきだいごんげん","Sanki Daigongen","ここでは「弥山の守護神」と呼ばれることもある神々「三鬼大権現」を祀っています。","It is dedicated to Sanki Daigongen (“Three Great Oni Gongen”), a group of deities sometimes called “the Awesome Forest Deities of Mt. Misen.”"]
[3368,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","鬼","おに","oni","「鬼」とは神聖な性質をもつとされているオーガ (ogre) のような存在であり、一方の「権現」とは神道の神に姿を変えて現れた仏を指します。","An oni is an ogre-like being regarded as having divine qualities, while a gongen is a Buddha manifested as a Shinto deity."]
[3369,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","権現","ごんげん","gongen","「鬼」とは神聖な性質をもつとされているオーガ (ogre) のような存在であり、一方の「権現」とは神道の神に姿を変えて現れた仏を指します。","An oni is an ogre-like being regarded as having divine qualities, while a gongen is a Buddha manifested as a Shinto deity."]
[3370,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","建造物等","権現造","ごんげんづくり","gongen-zukuri","1976年に権現造という特徴的な様式で建築されました。権現造では、拝殿 (祈る場所) と本殿 (主要な聖域) が共に一つの屋根のもと、狭い回廊によってつながっているため、建物がアルファベットの「H」に似た形になります。","It was built in 1976 in the distinctive gongen-zukuri style, in which the haiden (worship hall) and honden (main sanctuary) are both under one roof and connected by a narrow corridor such that the building resembles the shape of a letter H."]
[3371,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","護摩","ごま","goma","伝承によると、空海は806年に弥山を訪れ、真言宗の修行で今なお中心的な役割を果たしている「護摩焚き」などの修行を実施しました。","According to legend, Kukai visited Mt. Misen in the year 806 to perform ascetic rites, including the goma fire ritual that remains a central part of Shingon practice."]
[3372,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","弘法大師","こうぼうだいし","Kobo Daishi","空海はその功績によって、死後には「偉大な仏教指導者」を意味する「弘法大師」という称号を贈られました。","Kukai’s exploits earned him the posthumous title of Kobo Daishi, or “Grand Master of Buddhist Teaching.”"]
[3373,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","遍照窟","へんじょうくつ","Henjokutsu","遍照窟とは「広大な光の場所」という意味で、大師堂の真下に存在する地下室です。","Henjokutsu, which translates to “hall of boundless light,” is an underground chamber located directly underneath Daishido Hall."]
[3374,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","山岳","須弥山","しゅみせん","Mt. Shumisen","この出来事は今日、大聖院の開創に相当すると見なされているとともに、「弥山」という地名の由来になったとも考えられています。これは空海が、仏教的世界観で世界の中心とされる須弥山にこの山が似ていることにちなんで、「弥山」と名付けたと伝えられているためです。 ","This event is now equated with the founding of Daishoin Temple and is also considered the origin of the name of Mt. Misen, as Kukai is said to have named the peak for its resemblance to Mt. Shumisen, the center of the world in Buddhist cosmology."]
[3375,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","虚空蔵","こくうぞう","Kokuzo","弥山本堂内に立っているのが虚空蔵菩薩像 (梵名 アーカーシャガルバ) です。知恵と富に関係する仏で、空海が弥山での滞在中、絶えずこの菩薩の真言を唱えたと言われています。","Within Misen Hondo stands a statue of the bodhisattva Kokuzo (Sanskrit: Akasagarbha), a deity associated with wisdom and wealth, whose mantra Kukai is said to have chanted ceaselessly during his stay on Mt. Misen."]
[3376,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","不消霊火堂","きえずのれいかどう","Kiezu no Reikado","弥山頂上にある不消霊火堂は1,200年以上前に焚かれて以来ずっと燃え続けてきたと伝えられる神聖な火が収められています。","Kiezu no Reikado (“hall of the eternal flame”) on the summit of Mt. Misen houses a sacred fire said to have been burning continually ever since it was lit more than 1,200 years ago."]
[3377,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","その他","平和の灯","へいわのともしび","Flame of Peace","その火の1つが、1964年8月1日に広島平和記念公園の平和の灯の種火に使われました。この平和の灯は、すべての核兵器が廃棄され、核戦争の脅威がなくなるまで燃やされ続けます。","On August 1, 1964, one of its offshoots was used to light the Flame of Peace in Hiroshima’s Peace Memorial Park, which will burn until all nuclear weapons have been scrapped and the threat of nuclear war has been eliminated."]
[3378,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","天狗","てんぐ","tengu","壁には、大きな天狗の面が2つかけられています。長い鼻を持つゴブリンのような生き物の天狗は、三鬼大権現に仕えると考えられ、古くから山岳信仰と関係があります。","On the walls hang two large masks that portray tengu, long-nosed, goblin-like creatures considered servants of Sanki Daigongen and traditionally associated with mountain asceticism."]
[3379,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","植物","梅","うめ","ume","弥山の頂上付近、弥山本堂の右側にある短い石階段のふもとに、1本の梅の木があります。","A lone ume plum tree grows near the summit of Mt. Misen at the foot of a small set of stone stairs on the right side of Misen Hondo Hall."]
[3380,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","錫杖","しゃくじょう","shakujo","空海は806年に修行の場を求めて弥山の山頂を目指した時、急な斜面を登る時に体を支え、蛇や他の危険な動物を追い払うために錫杖（しゃくじょう）を携えていました。","When Kukai climbed to the peak in the year 806 in search of a place to conduct ascetic rites, he carried a staff (shakujo) to lean on during the steep ascent and to scare away snakes and other dangerous animals."]
[3381,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","江上家","えがみけ","Egami family","1800年代初頭に建てられたこの家屋は、醤油の醸造で財産を築いた豪商、江上家のものでした。","Built in the early 1800s, it belonged to the wealthy Egami family, who made their fortune in the soy sauce business."]
[3382,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","大名","だいみょう","daimyo","広島藩の大名は、宮島の森林の広範囲を所有していました。島の住民は島のほとんどの木の伐採を厳しく禁止されていました。","The daimyo lord of the Hiroshima domain owned large swaths of the forests of Miyajima, and citizens were strictly prohibited from cutting down most trees on the island."]
[3383,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","たのもさん","たのもさん","Tanomo-san","船の大きさは異なるものの、秋に行われる祭り「たのもさん」でも船が重要な要素です。","Boats, albeit much smaller ones, are also the key components of the Tanomo-san festival, which takes place in autumn."]
[3384,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","工芸・美術品","杓子","しゃくし","shakushi","展示品の中には飯杓子もあり、これは1700年代後半に宮島で発明されたと言われ、現在は全国で使用されている飯を混ぜたり、すくったりする時に使用されるしゃもじです。","The exhibits include shakushi paddles used to serve and stir rice, which are said to have been invented on Miyajima in the late 1700s and are now used throughout Japan."]
[3385,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","書物","平家物語","へいけものがたり","Tale of the Heike","他の展示品は、宮島を平家物語の出来事と結び付けています。平家物語は12世紀後半の平家と源氏の戦いの物語です。","Other displays connect Miyajima to events in the Tale of the Heike, the epic account of the late-twelfth-century conflict between Kiyomori’s Taira clan and the rival Minamoto clan."]
[3386,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","五輪塔","ごりんとう","gorinto","仏塔の一種である五輪塔の前で敬意を表す竜が描かれています。","The dragons are portrayed paying their respects in front of a gorinto (five-tiered stupa), a type of Buddhist pagoda."]
[3387,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","擬宝珠","ぎぼし","giboshi","これらの擬宝珠は、高舞台を少なくとも16世紀以来飾ってきました。擬宝珠の側面に詳細が刻まれており、1546年に神社に寄進されたものです。","These finials, called giboshi, have adorned the takabutai since at least the sixteenth century and were donated to the shrine in 1546, as detailed in the inscriptions on their sides."]
[3388,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","草薙剣","くさなぎのつるぎ","Kusanagi no Tsurugi","三種の神器の1つに数えられる、伝説的な草薙剣を祀る古い神社です。","That ancient sanctuary enshrines the legendary Kusanagi no Tsurugi, a sword counted among the three imperial regalia of Japan."]
[3389,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","雅楽","ががく","gagaku","雅楽は日本の伝統音楽で、主に宮廷や社寺で演奏されるものです。その起源は6世紀にさかのぼり、日本古来の音楽は中国大陸や朝鮮半島の宴会音楽などの影響を受けました。","Gagaku (“elegant music”) is an ancient form of Japanese music associated mainly with the imperial court and religious institutions."]
[3390,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","工芸・美術品","琵琶","びわ","biwa","後者には、雅楽で一般的な竹笛を型にした、7穴の銅笛があります。それに対し、近くに展示されている琵琶(首の短いリュート)には使われた形跡が明らかにあります。","Among the latter is a seven-holed copper flute modeled on the bamboo flutes common in gagaku, whereas the biwa (short-necked lute) displayed nearby shows clear signs of use."]
[3391,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","工芸・美術品","笙","しょう","sho","興味深い別のものは笙で、フリーリード類に属する楽器で、口にあてて演奏します。17本の竹でできています。","Another item of interest is the sho, a mouth-blown free-reed instrument that consists of 17 bamboo pipes."]
[3392,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","年中行事","神能","しんのう","shin-noh","厳島神社にある現在の舞台は、水上にある日本唯一の能舞台であり、1680年のものです。重要文化財に指定されています。毎年4月16日から18日まで開かれる桃花祭の一部として、神能（厳島神社の神に捧げる能）の上演が舞台で行われます。","Performances of shin-noh (noh dedicated to the deities of Itsukushima Shrine) are held on the stage as part of the annual Tokasai (Peach Blossom Festival) from April 16 to 18."]
[3393,"広島県","廿日市市宮島地域多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","マニ車","まにぐるま","maniguruma","これらはマニ車といい、金属でできており、文字が刻まれています。","These are prayer wheels (maniguruma) and are made of metal and inscribed with writing."]
[3394,"広島県","安芸太田町","その他","たたら","たたら","tatara","江戸時代（1603年-1868年）には、この地域は、足で圧力を加えるふいごを利用して粘土製の炉に空気を送り込む工程のたたら製鉄で有名になりました。","During the Edo period (1603–1868), the region was renowned for its tatara iron smelting, a process in which foot-pressed bellows are used to force air into a clay furnace."]
[3395,"広島県","安芸太田町","工芸・美術品","山水画","さんすいが","Shan sui","三段峡にある高い崖と階段状の滝は中国の風景画 (山水画) を彷彿とさせます。そういった景色が写真家の熊南峰 (1876年 - 1943年) など、初期の探検家らに三段峡の美観を保護しようという気持ちを生じさせました。 ","Sandankyo Gorge’s tall cliffs and cascading waterfalls are reminiscent of the Chinese landscape paintings (shan shui) that inspired early explorers of the gorge, such as photographer Kuma Nanpo (1876–1943), to preserve its beauty."]
[3396,"広島県","安芸太田町","その他","山焼き","やまやき","yamayaki","春の花々が芽吹く前の毎年4月、深入山の草原は燃やされます。この慣習は山焼きと呼ばれています。","Parts of the mountain’s grasslands are burned every April before the spring flowers bud, a practice called yamayaki."]
[3397,"広島県","安芸太田町","自然現象","unkai","うんかい","unkai","初夏の日の出のあと、運が良ければ遠くの頂に出現する雲海を見られます。","Soon after sunrise in early summer, lucky hikers can witness the unkai, or “sea of clouds,” which descends on the peaks in the distance."]
[3398,"広島県","安芸太田町","植物","ヒノキ","ひのき","hinoki","「引明けの森」は事実上の原生林で、樹高が高く、幹周りもあるスギ、ヒノキ、モミ、トチノキの巨木が生い茂っています。","Hikiake no Mori is virtually primary forest, filled with giant—in both height and girth—cryptomeria, hinoki cypress, fir, and Japanese horse chestnut trees, among others."]
[3399,"広島県","安芸太田町","芸能・興行・イベント","芸北神楽","げいほく　かぐら","Geihoku Kagura","芸北神楽は精巧なお面と明るい装飾を備え、広島県北西部特有の神楽で日本の神話に基いています。","Geihoku Kagura, with its elaborate masks and bright decorations, is unique to the northwestern part of Hiroshima Prefecture, and is based on Japanese mythology."]
[3400,"広島県","安芸太田町","動物","モリアオガエル","もらいおがえる","Moraio-Gaeru","6月には池の近くの樹木に卵を産むモリアオガエルを観察することができます。","In June, visitors have the rare opportunity to observe local forest tree frogs (moriao-gaeru), which lay their eggs in trees near bodies of water."]
[3401,"広島県","安芸太田町","食","祇園坊","ぎおんぼう","Gionbo","この祇園坊柿はその大きさと、桃のように果実の中央にはっきりとした線が入っていることで識別できます。","This Gionbo persimmon is recognizable by its large size and by a distinct crease in the middle of the fruit, similar to a peach."]
[3402,"広島県","安芸太田町","食","漬物焼きそば","つけもの　やきそば","Tsukemono Yakisoba","漬物焼きそばは、フライパンで炒めた麺に野菜漬けが入ったもので、通常の焼きそばに安芸太田のひねりを加えたものです。焼きそばは全国の夏祭りで食べられるそばを炒めた料理です。","Tsukemono yakisoba, or pickled vegetables over pan-fried noodles, is Akiota’s twist on regular yakisoba, the fried-noodle dish eaten at summer festivals throughout Japan."]
[3403,"広島県","安芸太田町","食","漬物","つけもの","tsukemono","漬物は野菜や果物のピクルスの一種です。","Tsukemono are a type of pickled vegetable or fruit."]
[3404,"広島県","安芸太田町","食","アユ","あゆ","Ayu","アユは最も人気があり、夏から秋にかけて安芸太田で食べられます。","Ayu (sweetfish) is the most popular and is eaten in Akiota from summer to autumn."]
[3405,"広島県","安芸太田町","食","塩焼き","しおやき","shioyaki","アユの食べ方で最も一般的なのは魚の自然な甘みを引き出す塩焼きです。","The most common way to eat ayu is grilled with salt (shioyaki), which brings out the natural sweetness of the flesh."]
[3406,"広島県","安芸太田町","食","タデ酢","たです","tadesu","多くの場合、酢とイタドリから作られたタデ酢という緑のたれをつけて食べます。 ","It is often paired with tadesu, a green sauce made from vinegar and Japanese knotweed."]
[3407,"広島県","安芸太田町","食","から揚げ","からあげ","karaage","この施設は釣り堀とレストランで構成されているため、訪問者は魚を釣ってすぐに塩焼きまたはから揚げで食べることができます。","This facility consists of a fishing pond and restaurant, so diners can catch their fish and eat it immediately afterward in either shioyaki or karaage (deep-fried) form."]
[3408,"広島県","安芸太田町","食","アマゴ","あまご","Amago","渓流茶園ではアユは入手できませんが、アマゴとヤマメを釣ることができます。","While ayu is not available at Keiryu Chaen, both amago (red-spotted masu trout) and yamame (masu salmon) can be fished there."]
[3409,"広島県","安芸太田町","食","ヤマメ","ゆまめ","yamame","渓流茶園ではアユは入手できませんが、アマゴとヤマメを釣ることができます。","While ayu is not available at Keiryu Chaen, both amago (red-spotted masu trout) and yamame (masu salmon) can be fished there."]
[3410,"広島県","せとうちアーキライン・プロジェクト実行委員会","工芸・美術品","備後絣","びんごかすり","Bingo-gasuri","ホテルのルームウエアは地元で織られたシャンブレー生地、スツールカバーは地元の伝統的な生地、備後絣が使われています。","The hotel’s cushions and pajamas are made using Bingo-gasuri, a local woven cotton fabric like denim which is made in nearby Fukuyama."]
[3411,"広島県","せとうちアーキライン・プロジェクト実行委員会","建造物等","擬洋風","ぎようふう","giyofu","2つのスタイルをミックスしたこの様式は擬洋風建築として知られており、西洋風の外観と間取りを用いながら、日本的技術で建てられた建物です。","This blend of styles is known as giyofu (quasi-Western style) architecture, which refers to buildings with Western-style facades and floor plans, but built using Japanese techniques."]
[3412,"広島県","せとうちアーキライン・プロジェクト実行委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","多宝塔","たほうとう","tahoto","多宝塔（多くの宝に飾られた塔）は1329年に建てられ、日本の三大多宝塔の一つと見なされています。塔はアジア各地の寺院にありますが、二重塔は日本独特のもので、かつては浄土寺のような密教寺によく見られました。","Although pagodas are found in temples throughout Asia, two-story tahoto are unique to Japan, and were once common in Esoteric Buddhist temples like Jodoji."]
[3413,"広島県","せとうちアーキライン・プロジェクト実行委員会","庭園・公園","池泉回遊式","ちせんかいゆう","chisen kaiyu","日本庭園設計で名高い中根庭園研究所設計のこの庭は、中央に池泉が配置され、それを取り囲むように小道がある池泉回遊式と呼ばれる回遊式庭園です。","Designed by noted Japanese garden landscaping firm Nakane and Associates, the garden has a central pond and spring with a path surrounding it, making this a chisen kaiyu, or ‘stroll garden around a pond’."]
[3414,"広島県","せとうちアーキライン・プロジェクト実行委員会","建造物等","草庵","そうあん","soan","秀路軒に再現されているように不審菴は、抑えた色調と質素で飾り気のない造りによって訪れる人に静けさと平穏な気持ちをもたらす草庵風の茶室でした。","Like the Shuroken, the Fushin’an was a soan (thatched hut) style teahouse, designed to bring calm and a sense of peace to all who entered, using muted colors and plain, unadorned materials."]
[3415,"広島県","せとうちアーキライン・プロジェクト実行委員会","建造物等","旅館","りょかん","ryokan","床、壁、天井、調度には全て木が使われていて、クルーズ船の船室というよりむしろ旅館 (日本の伝統的な宿) の客室のようです。","With wooden floors, walls, ceilings, and furniture, Guntu’s cabins look more like rooms in a ryokan (traditional Japanese inn) than on a cruiseliner."]
[3416,"広島県","せとうちアーキライン・プロジェクト実行委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大社","たいしゃ","taisha","四国で唯一の神道の大社である大山祇神社はクスノキの木立に囲まれています。","The only taisha, or grand Shinto shrine, in the Shikoku region, Oyamazumi Shrine is surrounded by a grove of camphor trees."]
[3417,"広島県","せとうちアーキライン・プロジェクト実行委員会","建造物等","板倉","いたくら","itakura","バンクベッドは、伝統的な板倉工法で作られています。バンクベッドの柱と柱の間にプレカットした板を差し込んでいくもので、漆喰塗りの必要がなくなるという工法です。","The bunks were built using the traditional itakura method, which involves slotting pre-cut boards between the pillars of the bunk, avoiding the need for plaster."]
[3418,"広島県","せとうちアーキライン・プロジェクト実行委員会","乗物","渡船","とせん","tosen","尾道には、市と向島の間を行き来する3社の渡船（フェリー）があり、朝から晩まで定期運航されています。","Onomichi has three tosen (ferry) lines running between the city and Mukaishima Island, which operate regularly from morning to night."]
[3419,"山口県","防府市観光資源活性化協議会","人物・人名・役職名","菅原道真公","すがわらのみちざねこう","Sugawara no Michizane","防府天満宮は、901年、京都の宮中から九州に無実の罪で左遷された貴族であり役人であった菅原道真公を祀るために、904年に創建されました。","Hofu Tenmangu Shrine was founded in 904 for the worship of Tenjin, the deification of Sugawara no Michizane, a real-life aristocratic scholar, poet, and administrator who was banished to Kyushu from the court in Kyoto in 901."]
[3420,"山口県","防府市観光資源活性化協議会","人物・人名・役職名","天満大自在天神","てんまんだいじざいてんじん","Tenman-Daijizai-Tenjin","道真公は雷を司る「天の神」である天満大自在天神を短くした天神になった神として、雷を落としたのでした。","As a god, Michizane was known as Tenjin, an abbreviation of Tenman-Daijizai-Tenjin, or “the heavenly god who can manipulate the weather freely,” in reference to his ability to control the lightning. "]
[3421,"山口県","防府市観光資源活性化協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","本殿","ほんでん","main sanctuary","本殿、幣殿、拝殿の3つの部分が、ひとつの建物としてまとまっています。 ","Also, the main sanctuary (honden), offering hall (heiden), and the worship hall (haiden) are three separate buildings in most shrines, but here they are all combined into a single one. "]
[3422,"山口県","防府市観光資源活性化協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","幣殿","へいでん","offering hall","本殿、幣殿、拝殿の3つの部分が、ひとつの建物としてまとまっています。 ","Also, the main sanctuary (honden), offering hall (heiden), and the worship hall (haiden) are three separate buildings in most shrines, but here they are all combined into a single one. "]
[3423,"山口県","防府市観光資源活性化協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","拝殿","はいでん","worship hall ","本殿、幣殿、拝殿の3つの部分が、ひとつの建物としてまとまっています。 ","Also, the main sanctuary (honden), offering hall (heiden), and the worship hall (haiden) are three separate buildings in most shrines, but here they are all combined into a single one. "]
[3424,"山口県","防府市観光資源活性化協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","御神輿","ごじんこうさい","Gojin-kosai Festival","神社の祭事で使用される御神輿（御網代輿）、サイと同じくらいの重量1.5トン（台車含）もあります！","The portable shrine and cart for the shrine’s Gojin-kosai Festival together weigh a massive 1.5 tons—as much as a rhinoceros!"]
[3425,"山口県","防府市観光資源活性化協議会","書物","絵巻物","えまきもの","illustrated scroll","これは、端から端まで広げたときに75メートルになる絵巻物で、全6巻です。","This is a set of six illustrated scrolls, with a total length of 75 meters when placed end to end. "]
[3426,"山口県","防府市観光資源活性化協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","宝塔","ほうとう","pagoda","この高さ40cmの銅めっきの宝塔（金銅宝塔）は1772年、神社に安置されました。","This 40-centimeter-high Copper-Gilt Treasure Pagoda (Kondo-hoto) was presented to the shrine in 1172. "]
[3427,"山口県","防府市観光資源活性化協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","梵鐘","ぼんしょう","Bonsho (Buddhist temple ｂell)",null,"Other exhibits include this bonsho, or Buddhist temple bell, which was struck to tell people the time."]
[3428,"山口県","防府市観光資源活性化協議会","食","鱧","はも","daggertooth pike conger eel","鱧は最大2メートルまで成長するウナギの一種です。","The daggertooth pike conger (hamo) is a species of eel that grows up to two meters long. "]
[3429,"山口県","防府市観光資源活性化協議会","人物・人名・役職名","阿弥陀如来","あみだにょらい","Amida Nyorai","仏国土である「極楽」浄土に住む最も重要な仏であり、この寺の名前の由来でもある阿弥陀如来、そして自己浄化のために湯に入る「浴湯念仏」のどちらも、中国から伝えられたものです。","Both the Amida Nyorai—the main deity in Pure Land Buddhism after whom the temple is named—and yokuto nenbutsu—bathing as a form of self-purification—are imports from China. "]
[3430,"山口県","防府市観光資源活性化協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","浴湯念仏","よくとうねんぶつ","yokuto nenbutsu","仏国土である「極楽」浄土に住む最も重要な仏であり、この寺の名前の由来でもある阿弥陀如来、そして自己浄化のために湯に入る「浴湯念仏」のどちらも、中国から伝えられたものです。","Both the Amida Nyorai—the main deity in Pure Land Buddhism after whom the temple is named—and yokuto nenbutsu—bathing as a form of self-purification—are imports from China. "]
[3431,"山口県","防府市観光資源活性化協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","五輪塔","ごりんとう","crystal five-ringed tower","この塔の内部にある水晶は5輪の塔（五輪塔）で、それぞれ地水火風空を象徴する輪が昇順に並んでいます。","Inside the pagoda is a small crystal five-ringed tower (gorinto), with the rings symbolizing Earth, Water, Fire, Wind, and Air in ascending order."]
[3432,"山口県","防府市観光資源活性化協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","梵字","ぼんじ","Sanskrit","中央に大きく陽鋳された梵字（ぼんじ）は、羅針方位を意味しています。","The single large Sanskrit character in the center indicates a point of the compass."]
[3433,"山口県","防府市観光資源活性化協議会","植物","アジサイ","あじさい","hydrangeas","日本ではアジサイは6月の梅雨と深く結びついています。","In Japan, hydrangeas, or ajisai, are intimately associated with the June rainy season."]
[3434,"山口県","防府市観光資源活性化協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","金剛力士","こんごうりきし","Kongo Rikishi:","仁王（「2人の王」）とも金剛力士（「力強いレスラー」）とも呼ばれるこの2人が寺の門に立ち、入り口を護っているのを見かけることも多いものです。","Referred to either as Nio (two kings) or as Kongo Rikishi (mighty wrestlers), these figures are often found standing guard at temple gates. "]
[3435,"山口県","防府市観光資源活性化協議会","庭園・公園","毛利氏庭園","もうりていえん","Mohri Principal Residence",null,"A stroll garden centered around a pond, the garden of the Mohri Principal Residence is the masterpiece of garden designer Sakuma Kintaro and a perfect expression of Meiji- (1868–1912) and Taisho-period (1912–26) aesthetics. "]
[3436,"山口県","防府市観光資源活性化協議会","建造物等","太鼓橋","たいこばし","semicircular bridge","池はひょうたん形（富と繁栄の象徴）をした、大きな岩に囲まれた小さな水域で、その水は半円形の太鼓橋を過ぎた部分で飛瀑として注がれる遣水によってたたえられています。","The pond is shaped like a gourd (a symbol of wealth and fecundity) with a small body of water surrounded by boulders and fed by a waterfall opening out into a larger expanse of water past the taikobashi semicircular bridge."]
[3437,"山口県","防府市観光資源活性化協議会","紋章等 ","一文字三つ星","いちにみつぼし","ichi-ni-mitsuboshi ","車寄せに入って見上げると、「一文字三つ星」（3つの円の上に1本の水平線）と「長門沢瀉」（沢瀉、オモダカ）の両方の家紋が見えます。","If you look up as you enter the porte-cochère, you will see both the ichi-ni-mitsuboshi (a single horizontal line above three circles) and the omodaka (three-leaf arrowhead). "]
[3438,"山口県","防府市観光資源活性化協議会","植物","沢瀉","おもだか","omodaka ","車寄せに入って見上げると、「一文字三つ星」（3つの円の上に1本の水平線）と「長門沢瀉」（沢瀉、オモダカ）の両方の家紋が見えます。","If you look up as you enter the porte-cochère, you will see both the ichi-ni-mitsuboshi (a single horizontal line above three circles) and the omodaka (three-leaf arrowhead). "]
[3439,"山口県","防府市観光資源活性化協議会","建造物等","大広間","おおひろま","reception rooms ","この棟は三間続きの大広間から成り、天井には入り組んだ格天井が施されています。","It consists of three linked reception rooms (ohiroma) with intricate coffered ceilings."]
[3440,"山口県","防府市観光資源活性化協議会","書物","古今和歌集","こきんわかしゅう","Collection of Waka Poems from Past to Present","「古今和歌集」（異なる時代から集めた和歌集）は、平安時代、11世紀半ばのものと考えられています。 ","The Collection of Waka Poems from Past to Present (Kokin Wakashu) is believed to date from the middle of the eleventh century in the Heian period (794–1185). "]
[3441,"山口県","防府市観光資源活性化協議会","書物","史記 呂后本記第九","しきりょこうほんぎだいきゅう","Shikiryokohongi Daikyu","史記 呂后本記第九は、1073年に書写した中国の歴史です。","Shikiryokohongi Daikyu is a history of China. This copy was made in 1073. "]
[3442,"山口県","防府市観光資源活性化協議会","建造物等","板ガラス","いたがらす","plate glass ","大正時代（1912～26年）の日本では、板ガラスはまだ珍しいものでした。","Plate glass was still a novelty in Taisho period (1912–26) Japan. "]
[3443,"山口県","防府市観光資源活性化協議会","建造物等","雨戸","あまど","amado shutters","そして非常に珍しい、どちらかというと非実用的ともいえるタッチで、風雨から家を守るはずの雨戸は、窓の外ではなく内側に取り付けられているのです！","And in a very unusual—and rather impractical—touch, the amado shutters that are supposed to protect from wind and rain are actually inside rather than outside the windows!"]
[3444,"山口県","防府市観光資源活性化協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","金堂","こんどう","main hall","この事実は、1997年から2004年の間に行われた金堂（または本堂）の解体修理が行われて、創建当初の柱の基盤が、現在の金堂の真下に発見されたときに判明しました。","This fact was established when the main hall, or kondo, was restored between 1997 and 2004 and the bases of the original pillars were found directly beneath the present ones. "]
[3445,"山口県","防府市観光資源活性化協議会","建造物等","二階建て入母屋造","にかいだていりもやづくり","two-story hip-and-gable roof","二階建て入母屋造は、大規模で人目を引く構造になっています。","The two-story hip-and-gable roof makes for a massive and imposing structure. "]
[3446,"山口県","防府市観光資源活性化協議会","工芸・美術品","薬師如来坐像","やくしにょらいざぞう","Healing Buddha","位順に配置されており、本尊薬師如来坐像が須弥壇の中央に安置されています。","They are arranged hierarchically, with the Healing Buddha (Yakushi Nyorai) occupying the central position on the main dais as the principal object of worship."]
[3447,"山口県","防府市観光資源活性化協議会","人物・人名・役職名","日光菩薩","にっこうぼさつ","Nikko (Sunlight) Bosatsu","本尊薬師如来の両脇には、平安初期（794年～1185年）の作である日光菩薩・月光菩薩が安置されています。","On either side of the Healing Buddha are a Nikko (Sunlight) Bosatsu and Gakko (Moonlight) Bosatsu from the early Heian period (794–1185)."]
[3448,"山口県","防府市観光資源活性化協議会","人物・人名・役職名","月光菩薩","がっこうぼさつ"," Gakko (Moonlight) Bosatsu","本尊薬師如来の両脇には、平安初期（794年～1185年）の作である日光菩薩・月光菩薩が安置されています。","On either side of the Healing Buddha are a Nikko (Sunlight) Bosatsu and Gakko (Moonlight) Bosatsu from the early Heian period (794–1185)."]
[3449,"山口県","防府市観光資源活性化協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","四天王","してんのう","four heavenly kings","須弥壇の四隅に安置されている４体の仏像は、四天王です。","The statues at either end of the central dais are the four heavenly kings (Shitennō). "]
[3450,"山口県","防府市観光資源活性化協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","内陣","ないじん"," inner shrine","内陣（本尊内側）に戻ると、隅に大きなゾウ4頭と小さなゾウにに支えられた延命普賢菩薩が安置されています。","Returning to the inner shrine (naijin), there is an enmeifugenbosatsu supported by four large elephants (and multiple smaller elephants below them) in the corner."]
[3451,"山口県","防府市観光資源活性化協議会","建造物等","寄木造","よせぎづくり","joined-wood-block construction technique","薬師如来は、いくつかの木材をつぎ合わせ作る造像技術（寄木造として知られている技法）を用いて造らており、光背には頂に大日如来、その下に飛天と迦陵頻伽が彫られています。","Made with the joined-wood-block construction technique known as yosegi-zukuri, the Healing Buddha is seated on a lotus pedestal (a symbol of paradise) with a nimbus behind him that features carvings of the Dainichi Buddha, celestial nymphs, and fantastic birds. "]
[3452,"山口県","防府市観光資源活性化協議会","建造物等","楼門","ろうもん","two-story gate (romon) ","入母屋造りの楼門（二階建ての門）は、寺院に入る南の入り口になります。","This two-story gate (romon) with a hip-and-gable roof forms the southern entrance to the temple."]
[3453,"山口県","防府市観光資源活性化協議会","建造物等","数寄屋造り方式","すきやづくりほうしき","sukiya-zukuri style","三田尻邸の茶室は、数寄屋造り方式で造られました。茶道の美意識から着想を得た方式であり、自然で質素な素材を取り入れています。","The Mitajiri Teahouse is built in the sukiya-zukuri style, a style inspired by the aesthetics of the tea ceremony and involving the use of natural, rustic materials."]
[3454,"山口県","防府市観光資源活性化協議会","史跡","亀石","かめいし","tortoise stone","特に注目すべきなのは、島の端にある石灯篭真横の亀石と、池の対岸に設置された手水鉢（水を貯める石の器）です。","Of particular note are the tortoise stone (kame-ishi) just beside the stone lantern at one end of the island, and the stone water basin (chozubachi) incorporated into the far bank of the pond. "]
[3455,"山口県","防府市観光資源活性化協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","手水鉢","ちょうずばち","stone water basin","特に注目すべきなのは、島の端にある石灯篭真横の亀石と、池の対岸に設置された手水鉢（水を貯める石の器）です。","Of particular note are the tortoise stone (kame-ishi) just beside the stone lantern at one end of the island, and the stone water basin (chozubachi) incorporated into the far bank of the pond. "]
[3456,"山口県","防府市観光資源活性化協議会","庭園・公園","水琴窟","すいきんくつ","suikinkutsu","上記装置は水琴窟と呼ばれています。 翻訳すると「水琴の穴」であり、生み出される音は、日本の有棹弦楽器である琴の音に似ています。","It is called a suikinkutsu, or “water koto cave,” because the sounds it produces supposedly resemble the notes of the koto, a stringed musical instrument often called the Japanese harp."]
[3457,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","社会","戦国時代","せんごくじだい","Sengoku (Warring States) period","戦国時代の末期、毛利氏は石田光成を中心とする西軍を支持し、のちに将軍となった徳川家康に対抗しました。","Towards the end of the Sengoku (Warring States) period, the Mori clan were supporters of the alliance of western lords who opposed the rise of future shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu. "]
[3458,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","天守","てんしゅ","tenshu","1874年に天守は解体され、その所有地も数年のうちに寄付或いは売却しました。","The main tenshu, or keep, was torn down in 1874, and in following years the remainder of the castle’s land was donated or sold off by the Meiji government."]
[3459,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","建造物等","三の丸","さんのまる","sannomaru","もともと「萩城」の橋本川沿いの広大な敷地の一部である「三の丸」にありました。","It was originally located along the Hashimoto River within the outermost part of Hagi Castle town called the sannomaru. "]
[3460,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","武家","ぶけ","samurai families","1868年明治維新の直後、毛利一族は萩を離れた。政治の実権は天皇に移り、全国の武家はその地位と土地を放棄しました。","The Mori left Hagi shortly after the Meiji Restoration in 1867, when the shogunate was replaced by a new political structure centered around the emperor, and samurai families across the country relinquished their status and land. "]
[3461,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","社会","南北朝時代","なんぼくちょうじだい","Northern and Southern Courts period (1336–1392) ","菊屋家は、かつては侍の身分を持ち、南北朝時代、摂津（今の大阪）の貴族や神主にその血筋を遡ることができます。","The Kikuya were formerly a samurai family and can trace their lineage back to nobles and priests of Settsu province (today part of Hyogo prefecture) in the early Northern and Southern Courts period (1336–1392). "]
[3462,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","建造物等","主屋","おもや","omoya","主屋は、1606年の建築以来、今に至るまで使用されてきました。","The omoya in particular has been constantly in use since its construction sometime between 1652 and 1657."]
[3463,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","庭園・公園","新庭","しんにわ","shinniwa","新庭と呼ばれるこの広い庭園は、明治時代（1868-1912）に最初建てられました。","This large garden is referred to as the shinniwa (“new garden,”) and was first built during the Meiji period (1867–1912). "]
[3464,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","建造物等","書院","しょいん"," shoin","菊屋家邸宅の書斎は書院と呼ばれ、重要人物を歓迎したり、くつろいでもらうための憩いの場所として1651年頃に建てられました。","Kikuya residence’s study, known in Japanese as a shoin, was built around 1651 as the primary reception area for honored guests. "]
[3465,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","建造物等","数寄屋造り","すきやずくり","sukiya zukuri","主屋座敷は日本住宅建築様式の初期の例である数寄屋造りです。","The omoya zashiki, or reception suite of the main residential building, is an early example of the sukiya zukuri style of Japanese residential architecture. "]
[3466,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","建造物等","金蔵","かねぐら","kanegura","金蔵は大切なもののための貯蔵庫で、軒先から吊るされた金属板に記された湾曲した碑文によると、1825年に建てられました。","The kanegura, or treasure house, was constructed in 1825 according to a carved inscription found on one of the metal ornaments hanging from the eaves. "]
[3467,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","建造物等","石燈籠","せきとうろう","stone lantern","毛利氏墓が何百という家来を意味する石燈籠に囲まれ祀られています。","The graves are surrounded by hundreds of stone lanterns representing each lord’s retainers. "]
[3468,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大雄宝殿","だいゆうほうでん","main hall (daiyu hoden)","東光寺の敷地内には、総門、三門、鐘楼、大雄宝殿（本堂）など、国の重要文化財が数多くあります。","Within Tokoji's grounds are several nationally recognized “Important Cultural Properties,” including the outer gate (somon), main gate (sanmon), bell tower (shoro), and main hall (daiyu hoden). "]
[3469,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","紋章等 ","家紋","かもん","crest","これらの柱の上部に向かって、藩主は（一行、三点の紋）、夫人は（植物の紋）が刻まれてます。","Near the top of these pillars, the male crest (one line, three dots) and female crest (three-leaf arrowhead) of the Mori family is engraved. "]
[3470,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","建造物等","石碑","せきひ","stele","右側にはニンニクを食べた人や飲酒した人が寺院に入るのを禁じる石碑が立っています。","To the right, a stele bears a message forbidding entry to those who have consumed garlic or alcohol, a rule common to all Zen Buddhist temples."]
[3471,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","建造物等","畳敷き","たたみじき","tatami mats","床は畳敷きではなく、石灰漆喰と粘土の土の床である三和土です。","Instead of being covered with tatami mats, the floor is tataki, made of packed lime plaster and clay. "]
[3472,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","千社札","せんじゃふだ","senjafuda","過去の巡礼者 の名前を書いた千社札があります。","Stuck to the gate are votive slips called senjafuda (lit. “thousand shrine tags,”) bearing the names of visitors to the temple. "]
[3473,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","太鼓","たいこ","dharma drum","鐘楼の大きな鐘は太鼓の鐘とも呼ばれています。","The tower's upper story contains a large bronze bell as well as a dharma drum. "]
[3474,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","臨済宗","りんざいしゅう"," Rinzai School of Japanese Zen Buddhism","大照院は、1656年に創立された臨済宗の寺院です。","Founded in 1656, Daishoin is a temple of the Rinzai School of Japanese Zen Buddhism. "]
[3475,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","お盆","おぼん","Obon, a Buddhist festival honoring ancestral spirits","灯籠の穴は紙でふさがれ、祖先の霊を弔うお盆の8月13日に点燈されています。","The holes of the lanterns are covered with paper and lit on August 13th as part of Obon, a Buddhist festival honoring ancestral spirits. "]
[3476,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","建造物等","書斎","しょさい","scripture hall","また、最近修復された本堂と書斎、小さな禅庭園、そして日本で唯一の神道の神、赤童子の像があります。","The grounds also contain a recently restored main hall and scripture hall, a small Zen garden, and a statue of the Shinto deity Akadoji—the only one of its kind in Japan. "]
[3477,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","建造物等","檜","ひのき","hinoki cypress wood","檜の寄木造りで、その玉目には水晶が嵌められています。","It is made of pieces of hinoki cypress wood and its eyes are crystal. "]
[3478,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","本堂","ほんどう","hondo","この本堂は、17世紀中頃1747年に火災で全焼したが、毛利氏第六代藩主よって1750年に再建されました。","This hondo, or main hall, was originally built in the mid-seventeenth century by the second lord of the Mori clan. "]
[3479,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","建造物等","茶室","ちゃしつ","tea room","建物の年齢にもかかわらず、茶室は今日にいたるまで使用されています。","Despite the building's age, the tea room, first designed for the exclusive use of the daimyo, is still in use today."]
[3480,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","建造物等","八畳","はちじょう","eight-tatami-mat","1858年の初めに、小さな小屋は、茅葺きと瓦葺屋根の八畳の平屋建て校舎に改修されました。","It had a thatch-and-tile roof covering an eight-tatami-mat room. "]
[3481,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","社会","アヘン戦争","あへんせんそう","Opium Wars ","松陰は、アヘン戦争で中国の清朝の敗北を知り、西洋の技術的優位性を見て、日本が技術的にも社会的にも自国を守るため、近代化しなければならないと確信しました。","Having read of the defeat of China’s Qing Dynasty in the Opium Wars and seeing the West’s technological superiority for himself, Shoin became convinced that Japan had to modernize both technologically and socially in order to defend itself. "]
[3482,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","組織・団体","徳川幕府","とくがわばくふ","Tokugawa shogunate's","それは、徳川幕府の海外渡航を禁じる厳格な鎖国政策のためで、以後松陰の活動の自由は制限されました。","The Tokugawa shogunate's strict isolationist policies forbade any travel abroad, and so Shoin was punished with house arrest."]
[3483,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","社会","明治維新","めいじいしん","Meiji revolutionaries","これは、1862年に三人の革命家、現在の鹿児島県にあたる薩摩の田上藤七（日付不明）、今の高知県にあたる土佐の坂本龍馬（1836-1867）、そして山口県にあたる長州の久坂玄瑞が会合したことを記念するものです。","This is a monument to the meeting in 1862 of three Meiji revolutionaries—Tagami Toshichi (unknown–unknown) of Satsuma (now Kagoshima prefecture), Sakamoto Ryoma (1836–1867) of Tosa (now Kochi prefecture), and Kusaka Genzui (1840–1864) of Choshu (now Yamaguchi prefecture)—at an inn that used to occupy this site."]
[3484,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","工芸・美術品","木版","もくはん","printing blocks","興味深いのは、部屋の壁は、浮世絵の木版に使われたのと同じ木材の桜材が使用されていることです。","The room’s walls are made of cherry, the same wood used when carving ukiyo-e printing blocks. "]
[3485,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","工芸・美術品","浮世絵","うきよえ","Ukiyo-e, literally “pictures of the floating world”","浮世絵は文字どおり「浮世を描いた絵」と呼ばれ、17世紀半ばに人気を博した木版画と絵画のジャンルです。","Ukiyo-e, literally “pictures of the floating world,” is a genre of Japanese painting and woodblock printing that began in the mid-seventeenth century and remained prominent until the early twentieth. "]
[3486,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","工芸・美術品","萩焼","はぎやき","Hagi ware","萩焼は、山口県萩市にある伝統的な日本の陶器です。","Hagi ware is a traditional form of Japanese pottery made exclusively in Hagi, Yamaguchi prefecture."]
[3487,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","工芸・美術品","東洋陶器","とうようとうき","East Asian ceramics","萩県立美術館は、萩生まれの実業家浦上敏朗氏が創設したもので、膨大な数の浮世絵と東洋陶器収集品を保有し展示しています。","The Hagi Uragami Museum was founded by Hagi-born entrepreneur Uragami Toshiro (1926–) to preserve and share his extensive collection of ukiyo-e prints and East Asian ceramics with the public. "]
[3488,"香川県・徳島県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園徳島県地域多言語対応協議会","自然現象","渦対","うずつい","uzutsui","渦対は、鳴門海峡の中央を南向きに流れる速い潮の流れの両側で、「2つ対になった渦潮」が反対向きに渦を巻く現象です。","Uzutsui are “whirlpool pairs” spinning in opposite directions on either side of the stream that speeds southward through the center of Naruto Strait."]
[3489,"香川県・徳島県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園徳島県地域多言語対応協議会","自然現象","湧昇渦","ゆうしょううず","yusho-uzu","その形から「渦巻の花」と呼ばれることもある湧昇渦は、海峡の最狭部近くの海底の複雑な地形の影響で発生する上向きの潮の流れによって海面が大きく盛り上がる現象です。","Yusho-uzu, or “whirl-flowers” are large disc-shaped masses of water shaped by an upward flow resulting from the complex shape of the sea bed."]
[3490,"香川県・徳島県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園徳島県地域多言語対応協議会","自然現象","渦連","うずれん","uzuren","最も壮観なのは、渦連（「連続する渦潮」）かもしれません。最大7つもの渦潮が同時に一列に発生し、すでに発生している渦潮が消える前に新たな渦潮が発生します。","Uzuren (“repeating whirlpools”) is perhaps the most spectacular formation. Rows of as many as seven whirlpools form simultaneously, with each new one surfacing before the preceding ones have disappeared."]
[3491,"香川県・徳島県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園徳島県地域多言語対応協議会","動物","サシバ","さしば","gray-faced buzzard","体長47から51cmになるサシバは、赤茶色の胸に白い模様があるのが特徴です。","Growing between 47 and 51 centimeters in length, the gray-faced buzzard has a reddish-brown chest with white markings."]
[3492,"香川県・徳島県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園徳島県地域多言語対応協議会","動物","ハイタカ","はいたか","Eurasian sparrowhawk","ハイタカは成鳥になると体長30から40cmになります。羽は短く丸みを帯びており、獲物を捕まえる際に小回りのきいた飛び方ができます。","The adult Eurasian sparrowhawk is between 30 and 40 centimeters in length. Its short, wide and rounded wings give it great dexterity as it hunts its prey."]
[3493,"香川県・徳島県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園徳島県地域多言語対応協議会","動物","ノスリ","のすり","buzzard","堂々とした猛禽類が四国と淡路島の間の空を渡ります。特にノスリの仲間（ノスリ属の鳥で、北アメリカでは一般的にタカと呼ばれている）がこのルートを好みます。","Majestic birds of prey traverse the skies between Shikoku and Awaji Island, a crossing especially favored by buzzards (birds in the genus Buteo, which are generally called hawks in North America)."]
[3494,"香川県・徳島県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園徳島県地域多言語対応協議会","人物・人名・役職名","大名","だいみょう","daimyo","蜂須賀家の歴代大名は時を超えた絶景である鳴門の渦潮を楽しむため、徳島城から船でこの場所を訪れていました。","Successive Hachisuka daimyo would travel to this spot by ship from Tokushima Castle in order to enjoy the timeless spectacle of the Naruto whirlpools."]
[3495,"香川県・徳島県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園徳島県地域多言語対応協議会","動物","スナメリ","すなめり","finless porpoise","もう一つの可能性はこれらの「人魚」が実際にはスナメリだったというものです。スナメリは最大で体長2.3メートル、重さ70kg超まで成長する水生哺乳類です。","Another possibility is that these “mermaids” were actually finless porpoises (sunameri in Japanese), aquatic mammals that can grow up to 2.3 meters long and weigh over 70 kilograms."]
[3496,"香川県・徳島県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園徳島県地域多言語対応協議会","動物","アサギマダラ","あさぎまだら","chestnut tiger butterfly (Parantica sita)","アサギマダラ (英名: chestnut tiger butterfly、学名: Parantica sita) は翅にある派手な茶色と黒と白の模様が英名の由来で、開帳はおよそ10センチメートルです。","The chestnut tiger butterfly (Parantica sita) is named for the bold brown, black, and white patterns on its wings, which span around 10 centimeters."]
[3497,"香川県・徳島県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園徳島県地域多言語対応協議会","動物","トウキョウホタテ","とうきょうほたて","Tokyo hotate","トウキョウホタテは絶滅した二枚貝で、形と大きさはホタテに似ています。","The Tokyo hotate is an extinct bivalve mollusk with a shape and size similar to that of the common scallop."]
[3498,"香川県・徳島県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園徳島県地域多言語対応協議会","岩石・洞窟","和泉層群","いずみそうぐん","Izumi Group","鳴門の岩だらけの地表では、露出岩石の表面に縞模様が見られることがあります。これは和泉層群という、中央構造線 (日本最長の断層線で、多くの地震の原因となっています) の北側に沿って存在する狭い地層です。","A zebra-striped pattern is sometimes visible in exposed rock on the surface of the rugged earth in Naruto. This is the Izumi Group, a narrow stratum lying along the northern side of the Median Tectonic Line (Japan’s longest fault line, responsible for many earthquakes)."]
[3499,"香川県・徳島県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園徳島県地域多言語対応協議会","動物","マダイ","まだい","red sea bream","マダイは日本の文化において、「お祝いのための魚」という特別な位置付けをされています。","The red sea bream (madai in Japanese) has a special place in Japanese culture as the “celebration fish.”"]
[3500,"香川県・徳島県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園徳島県地域多言語対応協議会","動物","ブリ","ぶり","yellowtail / Japanese amberjack","ブリ（英名yellowtailをキハダマグロの英名yellowfin tunaと混同しないようにして下さい）は太平洋の日本からハワイにかけて生息しています。","The yellowtail or Japanese amberjack (not to be confused with yellowfin tuna) is native to the Pacific Ocean, from Japan to Hawaii."]
[3501,"香川県・徳島県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園徳島県地域多言語対応協議会","動物","酢橘ブリ","すだちぶり","sudachi-buri","瀬戸内海の播磨灘（鳴門の北、淡路島の西）では、すだちぶりを含むブリの養殖が盛んです。すだちぶりは、この地域特産の小さな柑橘類であるすだちを含んだ餌で育てられています。","In the Harima-Nada part of the Seto Inland Sea (north of Naruto, west of Awaji Island) cultivation of yellowtail, including sudachi-buri, is flourishing. Sudachi-buri are raised on feed containing sudachi, a small citrus fruit endemic to this region."]
[3502,"香川県・徳島県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園徳島県地域多言語対応協議会","動物","メバル","めばる","rockfish","メバルは太平洋の北西に生息しており、日本周辺の海ではよく見られます。","Native to the northwest Pacific Ocean, the rockfish is common in the seas around Japan."]
[3503,"香川県・徳島県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園徳島県地域多言語対応協議会","動物","サワラ","さわら","Japanese Spanish mackerel","鳴門では、サワラが現れることは春が訪れる前触れです。","In Naruto, the appearance of the Japanese Spanish mackerel, called sawara in Japanese, heralds the arrival of spring."]
[3504,"香川県・徳島県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園徳島県地域多言語対応協議会","動物","イブキ","いぶき","ibuki juniper","イブキは日本の4つの主要な島のうち3島（本州、四国、九州）でまばらに生育していますが、飛島では、島の稜線の周りに群生しているのが見られます。","Ibuki juniper grows sporadically on three of Japan’s four main islands (Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu); on Tobishima it is found in large clusters around the island’s ridge line."]
[3505,"香川県・徳島県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園徳島県地域多言語対応協議会","食","ワカメ","わかめ","wakame","昆布の1種であるワカメは、古くから日本料理における重要な食材でした。","Wakame seaweed, a species of kelp, has long been an important ingredient in Japanese cuisine."]
[3506,"香川県・徳島県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園徳島県地域多言語対応協議会","植物","トベラ","とべら","tobira","トベラは主に海岸沿いに生育していますが、時には川岸や内陸部の低い山地で育つこともあります。","Tobira grows mainly along the coast, but sometimes on riverbanks, and in low mountainous areas inland."]
[3507,"香川県・徳島県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園徳島県地域多言語対応協議会","植物","ツワブキ","つわぶき","tsuwabuki (Japanese silver leaf)","日本のツワブキの魅力的な外観は、観賞用の植物として人気があります。葉のついた茎は、若いうちは食べることができ、昔から薬として用いられてきました。","The pleasing appearance of the tsuwabuki (Japanese silver leaf) makes it popular as a decorative plant; its leaf stalks, which are edible when young, have traditionally been used in medicine."]
[3508,"香川県・徳島県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園徳島県地域多言語対応協議会","植物","ツクシハギ","つくしはぎ","tsukushihagi","これらの花の先端は葉よりも長く、これがツクシハギの特徴のひとつです。","...the heads of these flowers are longer than the leaves, and this is one of the tsukushihagi’s distinguishing features."]
[3509,"香川県・徳島県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園徳島県地域多言語対応協議会","植物","ハマヒルガオ","はまひるがお","hamahirugao","ハマヒルガオの実は卵状球形で、熟すと黒色になる種を付けます。","The fruit of the hamahirugao is oval in shape, with seeds that ripen to black."]
[3510,"香川県・徳島県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園徳島県地域多言語対応協議会","植物","ハマゴウ","はまごう","hamago","ハマゴウは熟れると黒っぽい茶色になる球形の果実をつけます。これは西洋の親戚であるセイヨウニンジンボクと同様、風邪薬の原材料として使われます。","Hamago bears spherical fruit that turn a blackish-brown when ripe; like those of its relative the chasteberry in the West, these are used as an ingredient in herbal medicines for the common cold."]
[3511,"香川県・徳島県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園徳島県地域多言語対応協議会","植物","ヤマモモ","やまもも","yamamomo","ヤマモモの幹は15mほどの高さに生長し、幹は1mほどの周長に達します。","Yamamomo trees grow to a height of around 15 meters and the trunk reaches a circumference of around 1 meter."]
[3512,"香川県・徳島県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園徳島県地域多言語対応協議会","植物","ウバメガシ","うばめがし","ubame-gashi oak","ウバメガシは徳島沿岸で多く見られ、鳴門公園などで見ることができます。","The ubame-gashi oak is emblematic of the Tokushima coast, where it can be found in Naruto Park and elsewhere."]
[3513,"香川県・徳島県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園徳島県地域多言語対応協議会","その他","備長炭","びんちょうたん","binchotan","その硬い材は古くから日本各地で炭を作るのに使われてきており、これには備長炭として知られる高級品種も含まれます。","Across Japan, its hard wood has long been used to produce charcoal, including a high-grade variety known as binchotan."]
[3514,"香川県・徳島県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園徳島県地域多言語対応協議会","植物","コウヤボウキ","こうやぼうき","koyaboki","瀬戸内海の反対側、和歌山県の高野山にある広大な寺院群を掃くのにお坊さんが採用した硬い箒の毛にコウヤボウキが使われたことから、その名がつきました。","Koyaboki is used for the bristles of the stiff brooms employed by Buddhist monks to sweep the vast Koyasan temple complex in Wakayama Prefecture on the other side of the Seto Inland Sea, hence the name."]
[3515,"香川県・徳島県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園徳島県地域多言語対応協議会","植物","ネズミサシ","ねずみさし","temple juniper","高さによっては低木とも小さな高木とも考えることができるネズミサシは、時々お寺で装飾に使われることから、英語では“temple juniper”とよばれています。","The temple juniper, which can be considered either a shrub or small tree depending upon height, is so named because it is sometimes used for decoration at Buddhist temples."]
[3516,"香川県・徳島県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園徳島県地域多言語対応協議会","植物","サルトリイバラ","さるとりいばら","sarutori-ibara","サルトリイバラは落葉性（季節的に落葉）の低木で、つるでよじ登って育ちます。その名（サルトリイバラ、もしくは“monkey-catching thorn”）は、茎から出る棘や巻きひげに時々不運な猿が引っかかってしまうことからきています。","This deciduous (seasonally shedding) creeping shrub grows in fields and mountains, and gets its name (sarutori-ibara, or “monkey-catching thorn”) from the fact that hapless monkeys would sometimes get caught up in the thorns and tendrils that emerge from its stalk."]
[3517,"香川県・徳島県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園徳島県地域多言語対応協議会","植物","モモツツジ","ももつつじ","mochitsutsuji","モチツツジの名は、粘り気が餅に似た、柄と萼のネバネバした表面から来ています。","The mochitsutsuji name comes from the sticky surface of the stem and calyx, resembling the stickiness of mochi rice cakes."]
[3518,"香川県・徳島県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園徳島県地域多言語対応協議会","植物","ヤマザクラ","やまざくら","yamazakura","日本で最も広く分布する桜の品種であるソメイヨシノと同様、ヤマザクラの木は同時期に開花しますが、一斉にぱっと開くのではなく、やや早めに開花する木もあれば少し遅く花開くものもあります。","Like the Somei Yoshino cherry, the most widespread sakura variety in Japan, yamazakura trees bloom around the same time, but not in one simultaneous burst: some trees are slightly early, others a little late."]
[3519,"香川県・徳島県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園徳島県地域多言語対応協議会","動物","ヒメマス","ひめます","Himemasu salmon","私たちヒメマスは、世界のさまざまな地域で「コカニーサーモン」と呼ばれる陸封型のサケの一種です。","We himemasu salmon are a species of landlocked salmon called kokanee salmon in some parts of the world.","「Kokanee salmon」はカナダ呼称である可能性があり（環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所より）アメリカ英語のスタンダードな表現を調査し「Himemasu salmon」としましたが、地域によっては「Kokanee salmon」と表現している場合もあります。"]
[3520,"香川県・徳島県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園徳島県地域多言語対応協議会","植物","ヤブツバキ","やぶつばき","Japanese camellia","ヤブツバキは材が硬いことから長きにわたって重宝されており、その材は家具作りや建築に使われています。","The Japanese camellia has long been treasured for its tough wood, which is utilized in furniture-making and architecture, as well as for the oil extracted from the seed of its fruit, which is used in beauty products."]
[3521,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","海岸・岬","荘内半島","そうないはんとう","Shonai Peninsula","香川県の北西部にある荘内半島では、様々な小島が浮かぶ瀬戸内海の美しい景色を上から眺めることができます。","The Shonai Peninsula, at the northwestern tip of Kagawa Prefecture, offers remarkable views onto the island-dotted Seto Inland Sea."]
[3522,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","社会","弥生時代","やよいじだい","Yayoi period","紫雲出山は紀元前より戦略上の要所でした。弥生時代 (紀元前300年から紀元後300年) の土器、武器、建物の土台などがこの場所より出土しており、高台が海を見張るために使われていたことがうかがえます。","Mt. Shiude has been a strategic vantage point since prehistoric times. Earthenware, weapons, and building foundations dating back to the Yayoi period (300 BCE–300 CE) have been excavated here."]
[3523,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","海岸・岬","父母ヶ浜","ちちぶがはま","Chichibugahama Beach","香川県の西側の沿岸にある三豊市の父母ヶ浜はここ数年で非常に人気の高い場所になり、中でも、印象的な写真を撮りたいという観光客を引き寄せています。","Located in Mitoyo on the western coast of Kagawa Prefecture, Chichibugahama Beach has become extremely popular in recent years—especially among amateur photographers."]
[3524,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","書物","延喜式","えんぎしき","Engishiki","神道の神社である高屋神社には1000年以上の歴史があり、西暦927年に完成した法律と習わしを集めた書である延喜式にその名が記されています。","This Shinto shrine has more than a thousand years of history; it is mentioned in the Engishiki, a compilation of regulations and procedures completed in 927 CE."]
[3525,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","下宮","げぐ","gegu","山の麓にある神社の下宮から山頂から歩いて登っていくとおよそ1時間かかり、山頂に近づくと鳥居へと続く270段の急な石段があります。","The climb from the shrine’s lower hall (gegu), located at the foot of the mountain, takes about an hour and ends with a steep 270-step stone approach leading up to the torii."]
[3526,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","集落・街","讃岐国","さぬきのくに","Sanuki province","讃岐国 (香川県のかつての歴史的な地名) の豪族である佐伯家に、現在の善通寺のある場所で生まれた空海は、仏教に深い興味を抱くようになり、やがて中国へと渡って仏教を学びます。","Born into the aristocratic Saeki family in Sanuki province (present-day Kagawa Prefecture), on the site of what is now Zentsuji Temple, Kukai developed a deep interest in Buddhism."]
[3527,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","人物・人名・役職名","弘法大師","こうぼうだいし","Kobo Daishi","空海はその功績を称えられて、死後に「仏教の教えの偉大な師」を意味する弘法大師の諡号を与えられました。","Kukai’s accomplishments earned him the posthumous title of Kobo Daishi, or “Grand Master of Buddhist Teaching.”"]
[3528,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","東院","とういん","To-in","広々とした敷地に建つ様々な建物から成る善通寺には現在2つの隣接した聖域があります。空海が建てた東院と、空海の生まれた場所に建てられ、19世紀末までは別の寺社であった西院です。","An expansive complex, Zentsuji now consists of two adjacent sanctuaries: To-in or the Eastern Precinct, which Kukai founded, and Sai-in, the Western Precinct, which stands on the site of Kukai’s birthplace and was a separate temple until the late nineteenth century."]
[3529,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","西院","さいいん","Sai-in","広々とした敷地に建つ様々な建物から成る善通寺には現在2つの隣接した聖域があります。空海が建てた東院と、空海の生まれた場所に建てられ、19世紀末までは別の寺社であった西院です。","An expansive complex, Zentsuji now consists of two adjacent sanctuaries: To-in or the Eastern Precinct, which Kukai founded, and Sai-in, the Western Precinct, which stands on the site of Kukai’s birthplace and was a separate temple until the late nineteenth century."]
[3530,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","人物・人名・役職名","薬師","やくし","Yakushi","金堂は善通寺の本堂であり、医薬と癒しの仏であり、善通寺の本尊である薬師如来の坐像を祀っています。","The Kondo or Golden Hall at To-in is Zentsuji’s main hall and houses a wooden statue of Yakushi (the Buddha of medicine and healing), the principal deity of the temple."]
[3531,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","お砂踏み道場","すなふみ　どうじょう","Sunafumi Dojo","幸いなことに、お遍路を歩いて全部巡ることができない参拝者の方でも、善通寺の西側の遍照閣にある、うっすらと明かりの灯された部屋、お砂踏み道場に来れば、88のお寺すべてでに参りしたことになります。","Fortunately, believers unable to walk the entire length of the route can pray at all 88 temples in one place at Sunafumi Dojo, a low-lit room in the Henjokaku building on the western side of the Zentsuji temple complex."]
[3532,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","邪鬼","じゃき","jaki","一方、善通寺の邪鬼は何物にも押さえつけらていません。これは、悪は私たちの中にあるのだと参拝者に説く真言宗の教えを反映しているためです。","At other times of the year, the structure’s closed gates are guarded from above by a mischievous-looking statue of jaki, a Buddhist guardian deity."]
[3533,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","奥殿","おくでん","okuden","現在の御影堂は小さな奥殿の周りに1831年に建てられたもので、そこまで古いものではありません。この奥殿は空海がこの世に生を受けた時に初めて泣き声をあげた部屋の上に位置していると言われています。","The current Mieido Hall is a relatively recent structure, having been built in 1831 around a small inner sanctum (okuden), which is said to be located on the exact site of the chamber in which Kukai let out his first cry."]
[3534,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","戒壇巡り","かいだん　めぐり","kaidan meguri","この際、御影堂の真下にある真っ暗な廊下、戒壇巡りを通っていきます。","This is done by braving the kaidan meguri, a pitch-black corridor that snakes below Mieido Hall."]
[3535,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","湖沼","満濃池","まんのういけ","Manno Reservoir","満濃池は歴史的に興味深い場所であるのと同時に、香川に暮らす現代の農民にとっては代えがたい水源でもあります。","The Manno Reservoir is both a historical curiosity and an indispensable source of water for many farmers in modern-day Kagawa."]
[3536,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","植物","コキア","こきあ","kochia","秋はコスモスの花と、コキアとも呼ばれる深紅のホウキギの季節です。","Autumn is the season of cosmos flowers and the deep red burningbush, also known as kochia."]
[3537,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","山岳","五色台","ごしきだい","Goshikidai Plateau","峯寺は高松市と坂出市の境にある五色台の5峰の一つ、白峰山にあります。","Shiromineji Temple stands on Mt. Shiramine, one of the five peaks of the Goshikidai Plateau, between the cities of Takamatsu and Sakaide."]
[3538,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","頓証寺殿","とんしょうじでん","Tonshoji Hall","興味をそそられる白峯寺の別の建物に頓証寺殿があります。正面に拝殿があり、その背後に小さな社が3つあって、廊下で拝殿とつながっています。","Another interesting structure at Shiromineji is the Tonshoji Hall, which consists of a worship hall (haiden) up front and, behind it, three smaller shrines connected to the worship hall with corridors—a rare architectural solution that is not employed anywhere else in Japan."]
[3539,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","年中行事","大嘗祭","だいじょうさい","Daijosai","それらの手続きのなかで最重要なものに大嘗祭があります。重要な神道の感謝儀礼で、天皇は新たに収穫された米その他の産物を祖先神に捧げ、それによって新帝が神々に愛されるようにするものです。","Among the most significant is the Daijosai, a solemn Shinto thanksgiving rite in which the emperor offers newly harvested rice and other items to his imperial ancestors and the deities of heaven and earth, thereby ensuring that the gods look kindly upon the new reign."]
[3540,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","芸能・興行・イベント","念仏踊り","ねんぶつ　おどり","Nenbutsu Odori","念仏踊り（字義どおりには「仏教の祈りの踊り」）は綾川町の一集落である滝宮に固有の芸能行事です。","Nenbutsu Odori (“Buddhist prayer dance”) is a performance art and ritual associated with the town of Ayagawa."]
[3541,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","芸能・興行・イベント","総踊り","そうおどり","So-odori","5年ごとにハイライトがやってきます。この時は総踊りの一部として11組全部が揃って腕前を披露します。","Once every five years, all 11 troupes perform together as part of the So-odori."]
[3542,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","書物","日本書紀","にほんしょき","Nihon shoki","過去には、その眺望のために屋島は戦略地点になりました。この台地の砦が初めて言及されたのは、西暦720年に完成した日本書紀でのことです。","In the past, the location of Yashima made it a strategic site: fortifications on the plateau were first mentioned in the Nihon shoki (The Chronicles of Japan), completed in 720."]
[3543,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","社会","屋島の戦い","やしまのたたかい","Battle of Yashima","この屋島の戦いは源氏が勝利し、その後平氏を壊滅させて、やがて鎌倉幕府を樹立しました。鎌倉幕府は1192年から1333年まで日本を支配しました。","The Battle of Yashima was won by the Minamoto, who went on to crush the Taira and later established the Kamakura shogunate, which ruled Japan from 1192 to 1333."]
[3544,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","本堂","ほんどう","hondo","8世紀の創建と伝えられるこの寺院は、1618年建立の国指定重要文化財である本堂が最も注目に値します。","Said to have been founded in the eighth century, the temple is most notable for its hondo (main hall), a designated Important Cultural Property built in the Kamakura period (1185–1333)."]
[3545,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","建造物等","談古嶺","だんこれい","Dankorei","談古嶺展望所からは、1185年にライバル関係にあった武家の平氏と源氏の戦いの戦場になった入り江である、壇ノ浦を一望できます。","The Dankorei observation point overlooks Dan no Ura, a cove that in 1185 was the site of a storied battle between the rival Taira and Minamoto samurai clans."]
[3546,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","岩石・洞窟","祈り岩","いのりいわ","Inori Iwa","源氏の射手が神仏の加護を祈ったといわれる祈り岩、実際に来ることはなかったが、源氏の水軍が攻めてくると予想して平氏が自陣の船を隠した小さな入江である船かくしなどです。","Inori Iwa (“prayer rock”), where the Minamoto archers are said to have prayed for divine guidance."]
[3547,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","その他","船かくし","ふなかくし","Funakakushi","源氏の水軍が攻めてくると予想して平氏が自陣の船を隠した小さな入江である船かくしなどです。","Funakakushi, the small inlet in which the Taira hid their ships in anticipation of a Minamoto naval attack that never occurred."]
[3548,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","郷土景観","獅子の霊巌","ししのれいがん","Shishi no Reigan","獅子の霊巌（字義どおりには「ライオンの頭部の尾根」展望台からは、屋島で最も感動的な眺めのいくつかを楽しめます。","The Shishi no Reigan (“lion’s head ridge”) observation point affords visitors some of the most impressive views on Yashima."]
[3549,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","社会","源平合戦","げんぺい　がっせん","Genpei war","屋島の戦いは、ライバル関係にあった武家の平氏と源氏が日本の支配権を巡って戦った源平合戦（1180～1185年）の終盤に行われた重要な合戦です。","The Battle of Yashima was a decisive engagement in the closing stages of the Genpei war (1180–1185), in which the rival Taira and Minamoto samurai clans struggled for dominion over Japan."]
[3550,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","郷土景観","壇ノ浦","だんのうら","Dan no Ura","談古嶺展望所からは、1185年にライバル関係にあった武家の平氏と源氏の戦いの戦場になった入り江である、壇ノ浦を一望できます。","The Dankorei observation point overlooks Dan no Ura, a cove that in 1185 was the site of a storied battle between the rival Taira and Minamoto samurai clans."]
[3551,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","建造物等","歌舞伎小屋","かぶきごや","kabuki theatre","1835年に創建された金丸座は、現存する日本最古の歌舞伎小屋（かぶきごや）です。","Built in 1835, Kanamaru-za  is Japan’s oldest surviving complete kabuki theater."]
[3552,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","その他","一座","いちざ","kabuki troupe","1985年6月末、二代目中村吉右衛門と九代目沢村宗十郎の率いる一座は「再桜遇清水」（初めて清水で出会った後の桜の下での再会）という演目と、「俄獅子」（勇猛なライオン）という舞踊を金丸座で上演しました。","In late June 1985, a kabuki troupe led by Kichiemon staged the play Saikai Zakura Misome no Kiyomizu (Reunion Among the Cherry Blossoms After the First Meeting at Kiyomizu) and the dance drama Niwaka Jishi (Spirited Lion) at the Kanamaru-za ."]
[3553,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","建造物等","鼠木戸","ねずみきど","mouse entrance","一般客向けの入り口は劇場の中央に位置し、鼠木戸と呼ばれています。","The entrance for ordinary members of the public was at the center of the building and is called the “mouse entrance” (nezumi kido)."]
[3554,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","建造物等","札場","ふだば","ticket gate","右手には札を買うため札場（ふだば）があります。","On the right there is a ticket gate, where one can purchase tickets. "]
[3555,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","人物・人名・役職名","下足番","げそくばん","attendant","内木戸と呼ばれる中の入り口に上がると、下足番に履物を預け、下足番は預かった履物の鼻緒に紐をとおしてぶら下げておきます。","On both sides of the entrance space, there are spaces for storing shoes. After stepping up into the inner entrance (uchi kido), the footwear is hung up by the attendant and one receives a docket for them."]
[3556,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","紋章等 ","座紋","ざもん","crest","劇場の座紋付きのカーテン（揚幕）が鳥屋の入口に吊られています。","In front of the toya room, a curtain, called agemaku, displays the crest of the theater."]
[3557,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","建造物等","平場","ひらば","hiraba","平場とは、一階席の中央部分を意味します。","The hiraba (lit. “level area”) is the center part of the first-floor seating."]
[3558,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","建造物等","枡席","ますせき","masuseki","劇場の中央の座席は桝席と呼ばれ、昔は席を桝で購入しそこに一人から最大5人までが座って芝居を楽しみました。","The seats in this center part of the theater are called masuseki (“squared box seats”) where up to five people can sit."]
[3559,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","建造物等","出席","でせき","deseki","平場席より少し高くなっていて、花道の横にあるボックス席を出席や出孫と呼び、平場の左右に位置しています。","The box seats, which are slightly raised, are called deseki and demago seats and are to the left and the right of the hiraba central seating area."]
[3560,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","建造物等","奥場","おくば","okuba","奥場は主要な花道（本花道）と仮花道の間の奥にある空間です。","The okuba is a space at the back of the main hanamichi (hon hanamichi) and the secondary hanamichi (kari hanamichi.) "]
[3561,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","建造物等","花道","はなみち","hanamichi (walkway)","花道は歌舞伎劇場の舞台の延長です。","The hanamichi (lit. “flower path”) is an additional part of the stage in a Japanese kabuki theater. "]
[3562,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","建造物等","仮花道","かりはなみち","kari hanamichi (secondary hanamichi, sub-hanamichi)","仮花道は、舞台裏から舞台まで、劇場の右側に沿って作られています。","A kari hanamichi (secondary hanamichi) runs along the right side of the theater from the back of the theater to the stage. "]
[3563,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","建造物等","空井戸","からいど","karaido","空井戸とは、主要な舞台と花道が交差する場所に位置する空の四角い穴です。","The karaido (lit. “dry well”) is a square opening (closed over when not in use), located at the intersection where the main stage joins the hanamichi."]
[3564,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","動物","スッポン","すっぽん","suppon","スッポンという名称は歌舞伎役者が舞台の下から頭だけ出している様子がスッポンが頭を出す様子に似ていることから付けられました。","The name suppon (“turtle”) comes from the fact that when the kabuki actor sticks out his head from underneath the stage, it looks like a turtle’s head craning."]
[3565,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","建造物等","迫り","せり","seri","回転舞台の中には切り抜き昇降機や落とし戸（セリ）（0.9m×1.9m）があります。","Within the revolving stage, there is a cutout lift or another trap door (seri) (0.9 m x 1.9 m). "]
[3566,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","建造物等","回り舞台","まわりぶたい","mawari butai (revolving stage )","舞台中央に設置された直径7.3メートルの丸い演壇が回転舞台（廻り舞台）です。","The revolving stage (mawari butai) is a circular platform 7.3 meters in diameter, in the center of the stage."]
[3567,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","建造物等","チョボ床","ちょぼゆか","choboyuka","チョボ床は舞台の両袖の上にあり、太夫と呼ばれるナレーターが歌を歌ったりセリフを語ったりする場所です。","The choboyuka is the area on the upper level on each side of the stage where the narrators (tayu) sing the accompanying songs."]
[3568,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","建造物等","囃子場","はやしば","hayashiba","歌舞伎の音楽の演奏をするのが囃子場です。","The hayashiba is the place where the accompanying music of the kabuki is performed."]
[3569,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","建造物等","奈落","ならく","naraku (abyss or hell)","奈落とは舞台と花道の下に位置する空間を指します。","The naraku is a generic term used to refer to the area under the stage and the hanamichi. "]
[3570,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","建造物等","土間","どま","earthen floor","周辺の石壁は深さ2.5メートルで、床は土間です。","The surrounding walls are made of stone with a depth of 2.5 meters, and the ground is an earthen floor. "]
[3571,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","建造物等","楽屋","がくや","gakuya","楽屋は俳優やスタッフが演目の準備をする場所で、西洋劇場でいうグリーン・ルームに近いです。","The gakuya is on two floors. It is here that the actors and staff prepare for the performance, not unlike the Green Room of a Western theater."]
[3572,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","人物・人名・役職名","床山","とこやま","tokoyama (hairdresser)","ここには、俳優の着替え部屋、音楽隊（囃子方）の休憩部屋、髪結い（床山）が俳優のために入念に髪を整える場所があります。","It includes the actors’ changing rooms, the musicians’ (hayashi kata) resting rooms, and a place for the hairdresser (tokoyama) to prepare the elaborate hairstyles of the actors."]
[3573,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","建造物等","向こう桟敷","むこうさじき","muko sajiki","この後ろの席は向こう桟敷と呼ばれ、前方、中央、後方の3段に分けることができます。","The latter is called muko sajiki (lit. “the boxes beyond”). This area is  divided into three tiers, or sections: front, middle, and rear. "]
[3574,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","建造物等","ブドウ棚","ぶどうだな","budodana (grapevine trellis)","2003年の改修工事を経て、金丸座にブドウ棚とかけすじ（役者が空中を舞うための装置）が復元されました。\n\nブドウ棚は500本もの長い竹で組まれ、わらで格子状に結ばれた網上の天井のようなものです。","A renovation that took place in 2003 at Kanamaruza revealed the grapevine trellis (budodana) and a mechanism allowing actors to fly into the air (kakesuji). \n\nThe grapevine trellis is a like a net ceiling, made of five hundred long stalks of bamboo and bound in a grid pattern with straw rope. "]
[3575,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","建造物等","かけすじ","かけすじ","kakesuji","かけすじは役者が空に舞うための装置です。","The kakesuji is the mechanism that allows actors to fly into the air. "]
[3576,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","建造物等","明かり窓","あかりまど","akari mado ","金丸座には、劇場の西側と東側にあるバルコニー席の上と後方に窓や雨戸があり、開閉することで場内の明るさを調整することができます。","In the Kanamaru-za , there are windows and shutters (akari mado) behind and above the balcony seats on the east and west sides that can be opened and closed to adjust the level of brightness in the theater. "]
[3577,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","工芸・美術品","顔見世提灯","かおみせちょうちん","kaomise chochin","顔見世提灯とは役者の家紋が描かれた提灯のことで、観客席の上に吊るされています。","The kaomise chochin are lanterns with the family crests of the actors written on them. "]
[3578,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","櫓","やぐら","yagura","櫓は劇場の外壁に設置された、木製の小さな柵付きの見張り台です。","The yagura is a small wooden and fenced lookout platform high on the outside wall of the theater. "]
[3579,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","食","酒の銘柄","さけのめいがら","name of sake","当時、何軒か酒屋があったが、そのうちの一つが鶴羽屋で、それを引き継いだ羽屋が酒の銘柄を鶴田屋に変えた。","One of these was Tsuruhaya, followed by Haneya who changed the name of the sake to Tsurutaya."]
[3580,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","食","酒蔵","さかぐら","sake storage house","琴平本店には３つの酒蔵があった。","There were three sake storage houses in the Kotohira headquarters."]
[3581,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","食","銘酒","めいしゅ","refined sake","皆さんが日本の酒文化を知り、まったりとした雰囲気のなか銘酒と出会うことができれば幸いです。","We hope that you will learn about Japanese sake culture and encounter a refined sake in a relaxed atmosphere."]
[3582,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","天狗","てんぐ","tengu","私たちヒメマスは、世界のさまざまな地域で「コカニーサーモン」と呼ばれる陸封型のサケの一種です。","We himemasu salmon are a species of landlocked salmon called kokanee salmon in some parts of the world.","「Kokanee salmon」はカナダ呼称である可能性があり（環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所より）アメリカ英語のスタンダードな表現を調査し「Himemasu salmon」としましたが、地域によっては「Kokanee salmon」と表現している場合もあります。"]
[3583,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","天狗","てんぐ","tengu","元来、天狗は破壊的な悪魔であると考えられていましたが、やがて山と森を守る精霊と見なされるようになりました。","The Tengu were originally considered to be disruptive demons but eventually came to be seen as protective spirits of mountains and forests. "]
[3584,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","食","天然酵母","てんねんこうぼ","natural yeast","酒造りの守木であるこの楠から採取した天然酵母を醸した純米酒もございます。","Also available is a Japanese sake made by using natural yeast from the sacred tree."]
[3585,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","食","樽","たる","barrel","樽、桶、菰樽、バケツなど様々な酒造道具をご覧いただけます。","The exhibits include barrels, tubs, straw vats, buckets, and other production tools."]
[3586,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","工芸・美術品","徳利","とっくり","sake container","たくさんの猪口と徳利も展示され、門前町で暮らす人々の日常にある豊かな酒文化を垣間見ることが出来ます。","The many sake cups and sake containers on view illustrate the rich culture of sake in the everyday lives of the residents living at the foot of Kotohira Shrine."]
[3587,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","工芸・美術品","猪口","ちょこ","sake cup","この建物は元来日本酒の製造のために建てられましたが、現在では多種多様な猪口や盃、陶器製の徳利まで展示する施設となっています。","This building was originally a place for making sake, but now it displays many different kinds of sake cups and sake vessels, as well as earthenware sake containers."]
[3588,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","その他","記念撮影","きねんさつえい","commemorative photo ","ご自由に記念撮影もお楽しみください。","Please feel free to take a commemorative photo here."]
[3589,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","建造物等","切り妻","きりづま","gable","この様式では、屋根が4つの側面すべてに傾斜しており、向かい合う2面にある切り妻で結合します。","This style features a roof that slopes down on all four sides with a gable that is integrated on two opposing sides. "]
[3590,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","建造物等","板葺き屋根","いたぶきやね","wood shingled-roof","美しい木造の板葺き屋根は、日本で由緒あるもので、その歴史は法隆寺まで遡れます。","The beautiful wood-shingled roof has an ancient history in Japan dating back to Horyuji."]
[3591,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","奉納","ほうのう","offering","中山農村歌舞伎は、江戸時代から春日大社へ奉納するために演じられた、小豆島の伝統的な歌舞伎です。","Nakayama Rural Kabuki is a traditional kabuki theater of Shodoshima Island, dating from the Edo period (seventeenth－nineteenth centuries ), that was performed as an offering to the local Kasuga Shrine."]
[3592,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","建造物等","藁葺き屋根","わらぶきやね","thatched-roof","中山農村歌舞伎の舞台は、いくつかの歌舞伎の舞台装置が備わった、伝統的な藁葺き屋根の日本家屋にあります。","The stage of Nakayama Kabuki is set in a traditional thatched-roof Japanese house, equipped with several kabuki theater devices. "]
[3593,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","建造物等","掘っ建て小屋","ほったてごや","shack","肥土山農村歌舞伎は、水不足に対応するための蛙子池の完成を記念して、劇場公演のための小さな掘っ立て小屋が初めて建てられたことにより、1686年に始まったと言われています。","It is said that Hitoyama Kabuki got its start in 1686, when a small shack was first built here for theatrical performances to celebrate the completion of Kaeruga ike, a pond that was constructed to overcome a water shortage. "]
[3594,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","工芸・美術品","藍染","あいぞめ","indigo dyers","言い伝えでは、文政年間（1818～1830）に、徳島へ藍染の出稼ぎに行った若者が覚えてきた芝居を、氏神の祭礼で演じたのが始まりで、やがて娯楽として近郷に招かれて演じることが増え、「下谷歌舞伎」として知られるようになったという。","People say Shitaya Kabuki got its start in the Bunsei era (1818－1830), when young people who came to Tokushima to work as indigo dyers started putting on plays to honor the local Shinto gods."]
[3595,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","氏神","うじがみ","local Shinto gods","言い伝えでは、文政年間（1818～1830）に、徳島へ藍染の出稼ぎに行った若者が覚えてきた芝居を、氏神の祭礼で演じたのが始まりで、やがて娯楽として近郷に招かれて演じることが増え、「下谷歌舞伎」として知られるようになったという。","People say Shitaya Kabuki got its start in the Bunsei era (1818－1830), when young people who came to Tokushima to work as indigo dyers started putting on plays to honor the local Shinto gods."]
[3596,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","芸能・興行・イベント","獅子舞","ししまい","lion dance","日本中のお祭りやお祝いで獅子舞は見られ、全国で8000種以上あると言われている。","Lion dances are performed throughout Japan at festivals and for celebrations, and there are said to be some 8,000 varieties in Japan. "]
[3597,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","その他","一尺","いっしゃく","thirty centimeters","さらに獅子舞にあわせて打ち鳴らす鉦が、一尺以上もある大きなものが多いのも香川の獅子舞の特徴。","In Kagawa, the bells used to accompany the lion dance are big, over thirty centimeters tall."]
[3598,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","食","出汁","だし","broth","年間を通じて香川県民は、さぬきうどん用に開発された地元産の小麦をはじめ、上質の小麦、塩、醤油や地元ではいりこと呼ばれる干した小魚、昆布、みりん、削り節、鰯からとった美味しい出汁で調理されたうどん料理をたくさん食べます。","Throughout the year the people of Kagawa eat great quantities of udon noodle dishes, typically prepared from top-quality wheat, salt, soy sauce, and a delicious broth (dashi) made with the small dried fish known locally as iriko, (katakuchi iwashi)."]
[3599,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","食","かまぼこ","かまぼこ","minced scallions","つゆは薄めで、ネギと天かす、かまぼこものることがあります。","Udon noodles with a light broth, minced scallions, and sometimes tempura flakes."]
[3600,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","食","生地","きじ","dough","また自分でこねた生地を持ち帰れるので、家族に振る舞うこともできます。","Finally you get a package of your own homemade dough to bring home for your loved ones."]
[3601,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","食","和三盆","わさんぼん","wasanbon (fine-grained Japanese suger confection)","和三盆は香川県や徳島県など、主に四国の東部で生産され、200年以上の歴史を持つ。","For over two hundred years wasanbon have been produced mainly in the eastern part of Shikoku, in Kagawa and Tokushima Prefectures."]
[3602,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","食","木型","きがた","wooden mold","お干菓子作りの上で重要なのは木型で、四国で唯一の木型職人、伝統工芸士・市原吉博氏によるものが有名です。","The wooden molds that are such an important part of the candy-making process are all made by one man, Yoshihiro Ichihara, the only practitioner of this traditional woodworking art in all Shikoku. "]
[3603,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","集落・街","宿場町","しゅくばまち","provide accomodations","この辺り一帯は江戸時代から参拝客で賑わう宿場町。","Since the Edo period, Kotohira has been known for providing accommodations for pilgrims visiting the nearby shrines and temples."]
[3604,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","工芸・美術品","うちわ","うちわ","uchiwa (fans)","江戸初期に、金刀比羅宮参拝の土産物として朱赤に丸金印の渋うちわが作られたのが始まりとされています。","Marugame uchiwa (fans) date back to early in the Edo period, when these distinctive fans were first made as souvenirs for pilgrims who came to Konpira Shrine."]
[3605,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","工芸・美術品","伝統工芸品","でんとうこうげいひん","traditional craft products","平成9年には国の伝統的工芸品に指定されました。","In 1997 the Japanese government officially recognized them as traditional craft products. "]
[3606,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","食","黒毛和牛","くろげわぎゅう","Japanese black cattle","そしてオリーブ油を搾った後のオリーブから作られた「オリーブ飼料」を出荷前に2か月以上食べて育った黒毛和牛「讃岐牛(さぬきうし)」がオリーブ牛です。","Japanese black cattle from Kagawa, known as Sanuki ushi, that are raised for at least two months on this feed are referred to as “olive cattle.”"]
[3607,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","芸能・興行・イベント","世話物","せわもの","Contemporary or domestic stories (sewamono)","世話物は家庭内の出来事や恋愛を取り上げていることが多く、最も有名なのは心中を描いたものです。","Contemporary or domestic stories (sewamono) often feature family drama and romance, and some of the most famous are about love suicides."]
[3608,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）公益社団法人　香川県観光協会","芸能・興行・イベント","女方","おんながた","onnagata","男性が女装する女方（女性役）という演者","The female role specialists are called onnagata."]
[3609,"高知県","（足摺宇和海国立公園）足摺宇和海国立公園足摺地域","動物","コマルキクメイシ","こまるきくめいし","Plesiastrea versipora corals","須ノ川の沖合に生息するサンゴの一種である、いくつかのコマルキクメイシの推定年齢。この長寿のサンゴの生息数は、須ノ川が日本で最多です。","The estimated age of some of the Plesiastrea versipora corals in the sea off Sunokawa. There are more of these long-lived corals in Sunokawa than anywhere else in Japan."]
[3610,"高知県","（足摺宇和海国立公園）足摺宇和海国立公園足摺地域","食","宗田節","そうだぶし","sodabushi","土佐清水市は日本一の宗田節の産地です。宗田節は、ヒラソウダ（ソウダガツオ）の身を乾燥・発酵・燻製して作ります。","The city of Tosashimizu is Japan’s leading producer of sodabushi: dried, fermented, and smoked fish fillets made from frigate tuna (sodagatsuo). "]
[3611,"高知県","（足摺宇和海国立公園）足摺宇和海国立公園足摺地域","食","真鯛","まだい","red sea bream (madai)","日本の県別養殖魚生産量の順位。日本の食卓にのぼる養殖マダイ全体の約55%が愛媛県で生産され、その約30%は宇和島市で養殖されています。","Ehime produces about 55 percent of all farmed red sea bream (madai) eaten in Japan."]
[3612,"高知県","（足摺宇和海国立公園）足摺宇和海国立公園足摺地域","自然現象","南海トラフ地震","なんかいとらふじしん","Nankai Trough megathrust earthquake","南海トラフ巨大地震が発生した場合に土佐清水市を襲うと予想される津波の高さの最大値（メートル）。この溝状の海底地形では周期的に大地震が発生しており、津波を伴うことが多い。","The maximum height in meters of the tsunami expected to strike Tosashimizu in the event of a Nankai Trough megathrust earthquake."]
[3613,"高知県","（足摺宇和海国立公園）足摺宇和海国立公園足摺地域","自然現象","タフォ二","たふぉに","tafoni","竜串海岸沿いの岩の表面に見られる小さなくぼみはタフォニと呼ばれます。","The tiny depressions on rocks along the Tatsukushi coast are called tafoni."]
[3614,"高知県","（足摺宇和海国立公園）足摺宇和海国立公園足摺地域","岩石・洞窟","生痕化石","せいこんかせき","trace fossil","生痕化石とは、生き物がかつて何かを行ったことの記録が化石になったものです。古代の足跡、巣穴、糞はすべてそのような化石の例です。","A trace fossil is a fossilized record of something a living creature once did. Ancient footprints, burrows, and droppings are all examples of such fossils."]
[3615,"高知県","（足摺宇和海国立公園）足摺宇和海国立公園足摺地域","自然現象","黒潮","くろしお","Kuroshio","黒潮（日本海流とも呼ばれます）の名称はその青黒い水の色に由来し、東シナ海から日本の太平洋岸に沿って北に流れます。","The Kuroshio, or “Black Current” (also called the Japan Current) named for its deep, dark blue waters, flows north from the East China Sea along the Pacific coast of Japan."]
[3616,"高知県","（足摺宇和海国立公園）足摺宇和海国立公園足摺地域","動物","造礁サンゴ","ぞうしょうさんご","reef-building corals","いわゆる宝石サンゴは深海に生息し、とてもゆっくり成長します。一方、造礁サンゴは浅い海を好み、急速なペースで成長します。","So-called precious corals live deep in the ocean and grow very slowly. Reef-building corals, on the other hand, prefer shallow waters and grow at a rapid pace."]
[3617,"高知県","（足摺宇和海国立公園）足摺宇和海国立公園足摺地域","動物","シコロサンゴ","しころさんご","Pavona decussata corals (shikorosango)","見残し湾のシコロサンゴ巨大群落は長さがほぼ50メートルもあり、この地域で最も印象深いサンゴ群体の一つに数えられます。","The giant cluster of Pavona decussata corals (shikorosango) in Minokoshi Bay is almost 50 meters long and ranks among the most impressive coral colonies in the region."]
[3618,"高知県","（足摺宇和海国立公園）足摺宇和海国立公園足摺地域","動物","ヒメエダセンベイサンゴ","ひめえだせんべいさんご","Leptoseris papyracea corals","観音崎には日本一のキノコのようなのヒメエダセンベイサンゴ群体が生息しています。","Kannonzaki hosts Japan’s number one colony of mushroom-like Leptoseris papyracea corals."]
[3619,"高知県","（足摺宇和海国立公園）足摺宇和海国立公園足摺地域","動物","ウミウシ","うみうし","sea slug","ウミウシは通常は海底に見られる無脊椎動物です。日本近海には約1,400種類のウミウシが生息しており、うち384種が竜串湾に生息していることが知られています。","Sea slugs are invertebrates that are usually found at the bottom of the ocean. About 1,400 types of sea slugs live in the waters around Japan, and 384 of these species are known to inhabit Tatsukushi Bay."]
[3620,"高知県","（足摺宇和海国立公園）足摺宇和海国立公園足摺地域","動物","オニヒトデ","おにひとで","crown-of-thorns starfish","体の上部表面を覆う棘からその名がついたオニヒトデは、サンゴの生態系に不可欠な動物です。","The crown-of-thorns starfish, so named because of the spines that cover the upper surface of its body, is an integral part of coral ecosystems."]
[3621,"高知県","（足摺宇和海国立公園）足摺宇和海国立公園足摺地域","植物","椿","つばき","camellia (tsubaki)","足摺岬はツバキ林で知られており、冬には美しい花が咲きます。","Cape Ashizuri is renowned for its grove of camellia (tsubaki) shrubs, which bloom beautifully in winter."]
[3622,"高知県","（足摺宇和海国立公園）足摺宇和海国立公園足摺地域","植物","ウバメガシ","うばめがし","ubame-gashi oak","ウバメガシは薪として利用され、メダケは壁の補強材から竹籠まであらゆる用途に使われていました。","Ubame-gashi oak was used as firewood, while Simon bamboo was used for everything from reinforcing walls to making bamboo baskets."]
[3623,"高知県","（足摺宇和海国立公園）足摺宇和海国立公園足摺地域","植物","コウヤマキ","こうやまき","koyamaki (Japanese umbrella pine)","コウヤマキ (日本のアンブレラパイン) の巨木","A giant koyamaki (Japanese umbrella-pine) tree."]
[3624,"高知県","（足摺宇和海国立公園）足摺宇和海国立公園足摺地域","植物","アケボノツツジ","あけぼのつつじ","akebono azalea","標高1,065メートルの篠山は、アケボノツツジでよく知られています。頂上近くのアケボノツツジは特に素晴らしく、春の盛りには山腹が鮮やかなピンクに染まります。","The 1,065-meter Mt. Sasayama is most renowned for its akebono azaleas, which are particularly prominent near the summit and add a splash of vivid pink to the mountainside at the height of spring."]
[3625,"高知県","（足摺宇和海国立公園）足摺宇和海国立公園足摺地域","植物","笹","ささ","dwarf bamboo (sasa)","1990年代初めに篠山の斜面の笹が減っていることが分かった時に、アケボノツツジも深刻な危機に晒されていることが認識されました。","A severe threat to the akebono azaleas of Mt. Sasayama was recognized in the early 1990s, when the amount of dwarf bamboo (sasa) growing on the mountain’s slopes was found to be decreasing. "]
[3626,"高知県","（足摺宇和海国立公園）足摺宇和海国立公園足摺地域","テーマ施設等","ジオパーク","じおぱーく","geopark","「ジオパーク」とは特定の地質学的遺産を持つ自然地域一帯を指す言葉です。","The term “geopark” refers to a unified natural area with a significant geological heritage."]
[3627,"高知県","（足摺宇和海国立公園）足摺宇和海国立公園足摺地域","動物","金目鯛","きんめだい","kinmedai (splendid alfonsino)","地元の金目鯛（スプレンディッドアルフォンシーノ）を試してみましょう。この深海魚はごちそうと見なされており、沖合の海底の特徴のおかげでこの地域の広い範囲で捕れます。","Try the local kinmedai (splendid alfonsino), a deep-sea fish considered a delicacy and widely available here thanks to the characteristics of the seafloor just off the coast."]
[3628,"高知県","（足摺宇和海国立公園）足摺宇和海国立公園足摺地域","海岸・岬","リアス式海岸","りあすしきかいがん","sawtooth coast","深い渓谷が海の水で満たされてできたリアス式海岸は、宇和海地域の多くのごちそうの供給源です。","The sawtooth coast, formed when the sea filled deep river valleys, is the source of many of the Uwa Sea area’s delicacies.","※「リアス海岸」を翻訳する際にご参照ください。"]
[3629,"高知県","（足摺宇和海国立公園）足摺宇和海国立公園足摺地域","植物","コエグロ","こえぐろ","koeguro","地元の農産物のほとんどが、コエグロから取り出された肥料で育てられます。堆肥の一種であるこの肥料は、斜面から刈り取った草を乾燥させて積み上げた中に含まれています。","Most local produce is grown with fertilizer drawn from koeguro, a type of compost contained within piles of drying grass cut from the slopes."]
[3630,"高知県","（足摺宇和海国立公園）足摺宇和海国立公園足摺地域","食","清水サバ","しみずさば","Shimizu mackerel","清水サバは土佐清水で漁獲され、生きたまま買い手に出荷されるゴマサバのブランド名です。","Shimizu mackerel is the brand name for blue mackerel caught in Tosashimizu and shipped alive to buyers."]
[3631,"高知県","（足摺宇和海国立公園）足摺宇和海国立公園足摺地域","食","ペラ焼き","ぺらやき","perayaki","ペラ焼きは香ばしいパンケーキ風の料理で、上にネギ、すり身の天ぷら、卵、そして土佐清水地域の有名な鰹節が乗っています。","Perayaki is a savory pancake-like dish topped with green onion, minced tempura, eggs, and the Tosashimizu region’s famous fish flakes."]
[3632,"高知県","（足摺宇和海国立公園）足摺宇和海国立公園足摺地域","食","鰹節","かつおぶし","katsuobushi","彼らは地元の人々に疑似餌を使って開水域で魚を捕る方法や、鰹節の作り方を教えました。鰹節は乾燥・発酵・燻製させた魚の薄片で、昔から日本料理に欠かせない食材と見なされており、現在では土佐清水の名産品になっています。","They taught local people how to catch open-water fish with lures and how to make katsuobushi: dried, fermented, and smoked fish flakes, long considered an essential ingredient in Japanese cuisine and now a Tosashimizu specialty."]
[3633,"高知県","（足摺宇和海国立公園）足摺宇和海国立公園足摺地域","その他","番付","ばんずけ","banzuke","1822年に発行された地域ごとの鰹節番付（相撲風のランキング）。清水が一番で、近隣の土佐の浦も上位にランク付けされています。","A banzuke (sumo-style ranking) of katsuobushi by region, published in 1822. Shimizu is number one, while nearby Tosanoura is also given a favorable ranking."]
[3634,"高知県","（足摺宇和海国立公園）足摺宇和海国立公園足摺地域","食","鯛めし","たいめし","taimeshi","宇和島のごちそう「鯛めし」は、醤油で漬けた鯛の刺身を暖かいご飯の上に乗せていただく料理です。","An Uwajima delicacy, taimeshi is raw sea bream marinated in soy sauce and served over hot rice."]
[3635,"高知県","（足摺宇和海国立公園）足摺宇和海国立公園足摺地域","食","みかん","みかん","mikan","南予に残っている段々畑は、今ではミカン（タンジェリン）のオーガニック栽培で最もよく知られています。","The remaining terraced fields of Nanyo are now best known for organic mikan (tangerine) production.","*英語辞典に掲載されているのでイタリック体は不要。但し、わかりやすくするために(tangerine)をつける場合もある。"]
[3636,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","末社","まっしゃ","subsidiary shrine","本殿の裏には二つの末社があります。","There are two smaller subsidiary shrines behind the main sanctuary."]
[3637,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神","かみ","deity","本殿は宗像三女神の一柱・市杵島姫神を祀っています。","The main sanctuary enshrines Ichikishimahime no Kami, one of the Three Female Deities of Munakata"]
[3638,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","勾玉","まがたま","comma shaped beads","沖ノ島で奉献品として使用されていた勾玉（コンマの形をしたビーズ）","Comma-shaped beads (magatama) were used as offerings on Okinoshima."]
[3639,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","祀られています","まつられています","venerated","市杵島姫神は本土の辺津宮に祀られています。","Ichikishimahime no Kami is venerated at Hetsu-miya on the mainland."]
[3640,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神門","しんもん","main gate","正門（神門）には、皇室の金菊印が飾られています。","The main gate (shinmon), is decorated with the gold chrysanthemum seal of the imperial family."]
[3641,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神聖な儀式","しんせいなぎしき","sacred rituals","この場所では千年以上も前から神聖な儀式が行われてきました。","Sacred rituals have been conducted at this site for over a thousand years."]
[3642,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","その他","立ち入り禁止","たちいりきんし","off-limits","沖ノ島の沖津宮は立ち入り禁止。","Okitsu-miya on Okinoshima is off-limits to the public"]
[3643,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","その他","コンパクト","コンパクト","compact","島はコンパクトで散策しやすい。","The island is compact and easy to explore on foot."]
[3644,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","その他","幸運を祈る","こううんをいのる","pray for good luck","最も忙しい時期の一つは新年で、12月31日の真夜中から新年の幸運を祈るために数万人が大社を訪れます。","One of the busiest times is the New Year, when tens of thousands visit the grand shrine starting at midnight on December 31, to pray for good luck in the coming year."]
[3645,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","三女神","さんじょしん","Three Female Deities","宗像三女神は加護と豊漁のためにもとても大切な存在です。","The Three Female Deities of Munakata are very important for protection and good catches."]
[3646,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","その他","一望出来る","いちぼうできる","commanding view","中津宮からは漁港や主要な港を一望出来ます。","Nakatsu-miya has a commanding view over the fishing port and main harbor."]
[3647,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","お守り","おまもり","amulet","中津宮では、沖ノ島から持ち出せる唯一の物質である沖ノ島の水を入れたお守りを授けています。","Nakatsu-miya offers amulets containing water from Okinoshima—which is the only substance that can be removed from the island."]
[3648,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","遥拝所","ようはいしょ","yohaisho","遠くから拝礼するための場所は 「遥拝所」 と呼ばれ、特定の神社に直接足を運ぶことができない場合に重宝する場所を提供しています。","Places to worship from a distance, known as yohaisho, provide a more convenient place of worship for people who are unable to travel to a particular shrine in person."]
[3649,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","山岳","山頂","さんちょう","summit","御嶽神社は御嶽山の山頂にあります。","Mitake Shrine is located at the summit of Mt. Mitake."]
[3650,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","その他","日本固有","にほんこゆう","indigenous","日本固有の宗教神道の発展や、古代における日本と外の世界との交流について多くのことを教えてくれます。","It has much to teach us about the development of Japan’s indigenous religion, Shinto, as well as the country’s exchange with the outside world in ancient times."]
[3651,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","その他","仲介者","ちゅうかいしゃ","intermediaries","中国からの多くの製品が、朝鮮の仲介者を通じて日本に持ち込まれました。","Many objects from China were brought to Japan through Korean intermediaries."]
[3652,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","その他","整合性","せいごうせい","integrity","発見された場所と品々の整合性が顕著で、普遍的価値がある場所にしました。","It was the integrity of both the objects and the locations where they were found, that made the island a site of Outstanding Universal Value."]
[3653,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","その他","禁忌","きんき","taboo","沖ノ島で守られてきた禁忌が島の神秘性と遺跡の完全な保全に役立ったことは間違いありません。","The taboos enforced on Okinoshima have undoubtedly helped maintain both the island’s mystery and kept its archaeological sites intact."]
[3654,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","その他","清らかさ","きよらかさ","purity","神道では身体・精神・心の清らかさが重要であり、水や塩がお清めのために広く使用されています。","Purity of body, mind, and spirit is important in Shinto, and water or salt are commonly used for purification."]
[3655,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神の加護","かみのかご","divine protection","危険な航海で神の加護を求める人々の行き先でした。","It was a destination for people seeking divine protection on dangerous sea journeys."]
[3656,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","工芸・美術品","鏡","かがみ","mirror","鏡は、自然環境に宿る神を崇拝する日本固有の宗教・神道の重要な象徴です。","The mirror is an important symbol in Shinto, Japan’s indigenous religion that revolves around the worship of deities that dwell in the natural environment."]
[3657,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","工芸・美術品","馬具や装飾品","ばぐやそうしょくひん","horse trappings","これらの精巧な金銅製の馬具や装飾品は朝鮮から持ち込まれたもので、朝鮮の王族の古墳からも同様のものが出土しています。","These elaborate gilt-bronze horse trappings and ornaments were brought from Korea, where similar items have been unearthed at royal tombs."]
[3658,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","工芸・美術品","鉄艇","てつてい\n（てってい）","iron ingots","沖ノ島の５世紀の祭場で発見された平らな鉄艇は、古代の日本における鉄の重要性を証明しています。","These flat iron ingots discovered at a fifth-century ritual site on Okinoshima, testify to the importance of iron in ancient Japan."]
[3659,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","その他","現代的な","げんだいてきな","contemporary","純金製のこの指輪は驚くほど現代的な雰囲気があります","This ring made from pure gold has a surprisingly contemporary feel"]
[3660,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","工芸・美術品","フィニアル","ふぃにある","finial","龍頭はフィニアル、頂部装飾の可能性が高く、旗竿や傘の先端に取り付けられました。","The heads are likely to be finials, which were attached to the top of a flagpole or parasol."]
[3661,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","その他","半透明","はんとうめい","semi-transparent","グラス片は薄く半透明です。","The glass fragment is thin and semi-transparent."]
[3662,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","その他","模様","もよう","pattern","金の薄く細長い金属片が溶接された指輪上の花と円形の模様は、当時としては高水準の技術を実証しています。","The floral and circular patterning on the ring rendered in thin strips of gold demonstrates a high level of technology at the time."]
[3663,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","その他","不可欠","ふかけつ","crucial","日本の自国の発展のためには、アジア大陸との結びつきが不可欠であり。","Japan’s connections with the Asian continent were crucial to the country’s development."]
[3664,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","工芸・美術品","倭琴","やまとごと\n（わごん）","Yamato goto","この弦楽器は、中国の箏から発展した倭琴として知られる日本固有の琴の雛形品です。","This stringed instrument is a miniature version of a Japanese native koto known as a Yamato goto, which developed from the Chinese zither. "]
[3665,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","史跡","古墳","こふん","tumulus","土や岩の盛り土の下にある大きな墓・古墳の造営は、有史以前のヨーロッパやアジアでは一般的でした。","The construction of tumuli, large tombs under mounds of soil or rock (kofun) was common across prehistoric Europe and Asia."]
[3666,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","その他","有史以前","ゆうしいぜん","prehistoric","土や岩の盛り土の下にある大きな墓・古墳の造営は、有史以前のヨーロッパやアジアでは一般的でした","The construction of tumuli, large tombs under mounds of soil or rock (kofun) was common across prehistoric Europe and Asia."]
[3667,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","自然現象","起伏","\bきふく","undulating","起伏のある人工の丘の連なりが魅力的な光景です。","The cluster of undulating man-made hills make a fascinating sight."]
[3668,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","書物","古事記","こじき","Kojiki","宗像氏について記述された最古の文書としては、古事記(712年)と日本書紀(720年)。","The earliest written texts that mention the Munakata family are the Kojiki (712) and Nihon shoki (720)."]
[3669,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","お札","おふだ","ofuda","お札と呼ばれる別の種類の護符も入手可能です。","Another kind of charm called an ofuda is available."]
[3670,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","朱印帳","しゅいんちょう","stamp book","神社で朱印帳を購入。","You can buy stamp books (shuincho) at the shrine."]
[3671,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","その他","度重なる","たびかさなる","successive","度重なる火災と戦乱で当初の建物は焼失しましたが、現在の本殿は最後の宗像氏の大宮司によって1578年に再建されました。","Successive fires and wars destroyed the original buildings, but the present main sanctuary was rebuilt in 1578 by the last of the Munakata high priests."]
[3672,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大宮司","だいぐうじ","high priest","現在の本殿は最後の宗像氏の大宮司によって1578年に再建されました。","The present main sanctuary was rebuilt in 1578 by the last of the Munakata high priests."]
[3673,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","その他","敬意","けいい","respect","訪問者は地元の人々が海に対して抱いている深い敬意をすぐに感じることができます。","Visitors can get an immediate sense of the deep respect the local people have for the sea"]
[3674,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","霊力","れいりょく","spiritual power","鏡・剣・宝石(しばしば勾玉の形に加工される)など人間が作ったものにも霊力があるとされました。","Some handmade objects were also believed to have spiritual powers, such as mirrors, swords, and precious stones (often carved into comma-shaped beads, or magatama)."]
[3675,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","その他","手つかず","てつかず","untouched","これらの理由により、島を覆う森林も実質的に手つかずで、その土地の野鳥や昆虫にとって貴重な保護区となっています。","For these reasons, the forests covering the island are also virtually untouched, and form a valuable sanctuary for local birdlife and insects."]
[3676,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","自然現象","起伏の多い","きふくのおおい","rugged","沖ノ島は海岸から約60キロ離れており、危険な岩礁に囲まれた小さいですが起伏の多い島です。","Located about 60 kilometers off the coast, Okinoshima is a small but rugged island surrounded by treacherous reefs."]
[3677,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","岩石・洞窟","滑石","かっせき","talc","その柔らかさと耐久性により、滑石(別名・石鹼石や凍石としても知られる)は何千年もの間、理想的な彫刻の材料でした。","Due to its softness and durability, talc (otherwise known as soapstone or steatite) has been an ideal carving material for thousands of years."]
[3678,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","工芸・美術品","斧","おの","adze /axe","出土品には、槍や斧や矢じりなどの武器。","Objects unearthed include weapons such as spears, adzes and arrowheads."]
[3679,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","宝珠","ほうじゅ","hoju","左手に宝珠(神聖な願望を満たす宝石)を持っています。","He is holding a hoju (sacred wish-fulfilling jewel) in his left hand. "]
[3680,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","人物・人名・役職名","兜跋毘沙門天","とばつびしゃもんてん","Tobatsu Bishamonten","兜跋毘沙門天は装甲した武神として描かれており、国の守護者として信仰されています。","Tobatsu Bishamonten is depicted as an armor-clad god of war and is worshipped as the protector of the country."]
[3681,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","人物・人名・役職名","地蔵菩薩","じぞうぼさつ","Jizo Bodhisattva","地蔵菩薩は、母子や旅人などの守護者です。","Jizo Bodhisattva is the protector of children, mothers, and travelers, among others."]
[3682,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","人物・人名・役職名","十一面観音菩薩","じゅういちめんかんのん","Juichimen Kannon Bodhisattva","十一面の主な特徴は、神の頭上にある十個の小さな頭です。","The main characteristic of the Juichimen Bodhisattva are the ten small heads above the deity’s primary head."]
[3683,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","建造物等","寄せ木造り","よせきづくり","joined-block construction","彫刻の様式と寄せ木造りがこの結論を裏付けています。","The style and joined-block construction of the sculpture support the conclusion."]
[3684,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","印相","いんそう","mudra","本像の右手は願い事の成就を意味する印相(象徴的な手の身振り)で下がり。。。","This figure’s right hand is lowered in a mudra (symbolic hand gesture) that represents the granting of wishes..."]
[3685,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","人物・人名・役職名","馬頭観音菩薩","ばとうかんのんぼさつ","Bato Kannon Bodhisattva","観音菩薩には多くの形態がありますが、唯一獰猛で恐ろしいのは馬頭観音のみです。馬頭には深い意味があります。","There are many forms of the Kannon Bodhisattva, but only one exhibits fierce and menacing features: Bato Kannon or the horse-headed Kannon."]
[3686,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","工芸・美術品","鞠","まり","mari","片方が子どもを抱いていて、もう片方が鞠を抱いているという形態は、中国風の特徴です。","The pair also show distinct Chinese characteristics where one is sheltering a cub, while the other is clutching a mari—a type of ball."]
[3687,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","払子","ほっす","hossu","他の道具は蓮花や仏子、杖(笏)です。","The other implements are a staff (or scepter); a lotus flower; and a ceremonial fly whisk (hossu)."]
[3688,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","人物・人名・役職名","阿弥陀如来","あみだにょらい","Amida Nyorai","満開のハスは悟りを示しているため、阿弥陀如来は、たいていハスの上に座っているか立っているように表現されている。","Amida Nyorai is nearly always depicted sitting or standing on a lotus, because a fully blooming lotus represents enlightenment."]
[3689,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","天邪鬼","あまのじゃく","amanojaku","王たちは、踏みつけ服従させた四匹の天邪鬼、悪鬼のような生き物の背中の上に立っています。 ","The kings stand upon the backs of four amanojaku, demon-like creatures that they trample and subjugate. "]
[3690,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","人物・人名・役職名","大黒天","だいこくてん","Daikokuten","大黒天は食物、農民、繁栄、富の神様として知られている。","Daikokuten is known as the god of food, farmers, prosperity, and wealth."]
[3691,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","衆生","しゅじょう","sentient beings","像の最初の頭から派生する小さな頭は、十一面が耳を傾け、観察し、全ての衆生の要求を満たす多様な方法を表現しています。","The small heads that derive from the image’s primary head express the manifold ways in which the Juichimen hears, observes, and meets the needs of all sentient beings."]
[3692,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","人物・人名・役職名","吉祥天","きっしょうてん","Kisshoten","この吉祥天像は、刺繍の入ったガウンと頭飾りを着けた唐(618-907)の美人の宮女としての女神の典型的な表現です。","This image of Kisshoten is a typical representation of the deity as a beautiful court lady of Tang dynasty China (618-–907), clad in an embroidered gown and headdress."]
[3693,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","舞楽","ぶがく","Bugaku","古来、舞踊は宗教的儀式の一環でしたが、式典の際の仮面舞踏(舞楽)や特権的な来賓のための仮面舞踏は日本社会の一つの側面となりました。","Dance has been a feature of religious ritual since ancient times, and masked-dance performances (Bugaku) at ceremonies (and for the benefit of privileged guests) became an aspect of Japanese society."]
[3694,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","梵鐘","ぼんしょう","Bonsho","梵鐘は、日本各地の仏教寺院で見られる大型の釣鐘です。","Bonsho are large hanging bells found throughout Japan in Buddhist temples."]
[3695,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","史跡","シルクロード","シルクロード","Silk Road","日本は、東西を結ぶ古代の通商路であるシルクロードの終点に位置していたため、ここを流れる文化や物資は、当時の日本では珍しく、国際主義、高度な素養、学問の精神を育みました。 ","As Japan was located at the eastern end of the Silk Road—the ancient trade route that connected the East to the West—the culture and goods that flowed through Dazaifu created a spirit of internationalism, sophistication, and scholarship that was rare in Japan at the time."]
[3696,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","史跡","水城","みずき","Mizuki","朝廷は664年に水城を造ることを命じた。その水城とは１キロ以上の広範囲にわたる堀を伴う防壁で、現在の福岡市がある海岸平野からの潜在的攻撃を阻止する役割を果たした。","Thus, the imperial court ordered the building of Mizuki in 664—a defensive wall with an extensive moat that stretched over 1 kilometer—to thwart potential attacks from the coastal plain where the city of Fukuoka is now located."]
[3697,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","五行","ごぎょう","wuxing","建物は五行思想（五相あるいは五要素間の相互関係に基づく概念）という中国の哲学理論に従って建築された。","The buildings were constructed following the Chinese philosophical theories of wuxing—a concept based around the interconnection of five phases or five elements"]
[3698,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","史跡","木管","もっかん","mokkan","平らな木板は木簡である。これらは、課税品に関する情報を記録するなど、様々な用途に使用されていた。","The flat wooden tablets are mokkan. These were used for a variety of purposes, such as recording information about taxable goods."]
[3699,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","食","草餅","くさもち","kusamochi","甘くしたもち米とヨモギの葉で作った伝統的な春のデザートの草餅などが含まれます。","Kusamochi, a traditional spring confection made from sweetened, pounded rice and the leaves of Japanese mugwort. "]
[3700,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","食","定食","ていしょく","teishoku","現在でも日本の定食屋(定食)で同様の食べ物を見つけることができます。 ","Similar foodstuffs can still be found in Japanese teishoku (set meal) restaurants today."]
[3701,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","集落・街","太宰府","だざいふ","Dazaifu","大宰府は文字通りに訳すと「偉大な政府（朝廷）の本部」で、その都市は極めて重要な外国貿易の中心地であり、軍事の拠点、重要な政府の行政をつかさどる中心であった。","Dazaifu literally translates as “Great Government Administrative Headquarters,” and the city was a vital foreign trade hub, military stronghold, and government administrative center."]
[3702,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","平城京","へいじょうきょう","Heijyo-kyo","この行政センターは、壮大な朱色の建造物群で、現代の奈良にあった宮廷と宮殿である平城京に基づく宮殿のような施設であった。","This administrative center was a palatial complex with grand vermilion-painted structures and was modeled on Heijo-kyo, the imperial court and palace located in modern-day Nara."]
[3703,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","書物","万葉集","まんようしゅう","Man’yoshu","万葉集(現存する最古の日本歌集で8世紀のもの)には、この宴からの32首の歌が残されています。","Thirty-two poems composed at this gathering can be found in the Man’yoshu (the oldest extant anthology of Japanese poetry, dating to the eighth century)."]
[3704,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","社会","令和","れいわ","Reiwa","令和時代は2019年5月に始まりましたが、その名前の由来は立体模型に描かれている有名な梅の開花の宴にあります。","The Reiwa era began in May 2019, but the roots of its name are linked to the famous “plum blossom party” depicted in the diorama."]
[3705,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","人物・人名・役職名","菅原道真","すがわらみちざね","Sugawara Michizane","菅原道真(845-903)は、平安時代(794~1185)の伝説的な学者・政治家で、彼の学問的・芸術的な卓越性は日本の歴史・文化に深い影響を残しました。","Sugawara Michizane (845–903) was a scholar and influential member of the government of the Heian period (794–1185) whose legacy left a deep imprint upon Japanese history and culture."]
[3706,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","人物・人名・役職名","ライアン・ガンダー氏","らいあん・がんだーし","Ryan Gander","ライアン・ガンダー氏は、彼のインスタレーション、何も意味しない本当に輝く作品を通じて、この生来の魅力を探求しています。","British artist Ryan Gander explores this innate fascination through his installation Really shiny stuff that doesn’t mean anything."]
[3707,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","絵馬堂","えまどう","emado","この岩はもともと、神社の開放的な建物である絵馬堂に安置されていましたが、そこには時代によって色あせた絵画の例がいくつかあります。","The rock was originally housed in the shrine’s open-structured emado pavilion, which contains several examples of paintings faded by age. "]
[3708,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","植物","飛梅","とびうめ","tobiume","ミツバチの生きたコロニーは、神社の境内に生える有名な「飛ぶ」梅の木である飛梅の遺伝子系統からの花に授粉します。","The live colony of bees pollinates flowers from a genetic strain of tobiume—the famous “flying” plum tree that grows on the shrine grounds. "]
[3709,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","人物・人名・役職名","藤原氏","ふじわらし","Fujiwara clan","道真は、平安時代の影の権力者であった恐るべき藤原氏との対立後、幼い醍醐天皇に対して陰謀を企てたという濡れ衣を着せられ、官位を剥奪され大宰府に流されました。 ","After feuding with the formidable Fujiwara clan—the power behind the throne throughout much of Heian Japan—Michizane was falsely accused of conspiring against the young Daigo, stripped of his ranks and titles, and exiled to a post in Dazaifu."]
[3710,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","太宰府天満宮","だざいふてんまんぐう","Dazaifu Tenmangu","その後、太宰府天満宮などが建立されて道真を祀りました。 ","Dazaifu Tenmangu and other shrines were subsequently built and dedicated to Michizane, deifying him as Tenjin, the deity of learning, culture, and the arts."]
[3711,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","安楽寺","あんらくじ","Anrakuji Temple","道真の墓とその周辺は、時間とともに進化しました。神道崇拝の場所である太宰府天満宮にはもともと安楽寺がありました。","The grave of Michizane and the surrounding area evolved over time, from the site of Anrakuji—a Buddhist temple—to the Dazaifu Tenmangu complex of today, a place of Shinto worship."]
[3712,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","建造物等","太鼓橋","たいこばし","Taikobashi Bridge","太宰府天満宮には、いくつかの仏教的な特徴である太鼓橋が残っています。","Dazaifu Tenmangu retains some Buddhist features, for example, the Taikobashi Bridge."]
[3713,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","人物・人名・役職名","味酒安行","うまさけやすゆき","Umasake Yasuyuki","味酒安行は師の菅原道真(845~903年)をたたえるため、905年に太宰府天満宮の最初の典型を建立しました。","Umasake Yasuyuki built the first incarnation of Dazaifu Tenmangu in 905 to honor his master, Sugawara Michizane (845–903)."]
[3714,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","社会","安土桃山時代","あづちももやまじだい","Azuchi-Momoyama period","現在見ることができる本殿は1591年に建てられたもので、安土桃山時代(1568~1603年)の建築の好例です。","The main sanctuary you see today was built in 1591 and is an excellent example of Azuchi-Momoyama period (1568–1603) architecture."]
[3715,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","天神","てんじん","Tenjin","道真は死後、天神として神格化され、学問・文化・芸術の神として信仰されています。","After his death, Michizane was deified under the name Tenjin, and was worshipped as the deity of learning, culture, and the arts."]
[3716,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","連歌","れんが","renga","連歌は、日本の連歌の定型化した共同的な形式であり、複数の歌人が関係します。","Renga is a stylized, collaborative form of Japanese linked-verse poetry, involving two or more poets. "]
[3717,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","夢想連歌","むそうのれんが","muso no renga","1598年に「連歌の夢」という意味で書かれた夢想連歌の巻物の一例をここで見ることができます。","A scroll of the muso no renga, “dream-inspired linked verses,” written in 1598 is displayed here."]
[3718,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","人物・人名・役職名","大名","だいみょう","daimyo","地方で最大の領地の武将である日本の大名の多くは、戦場での勝利を祈願するために太宰府天満宮を訪れました。","Many of Japan’s daimyo—the country’s greatest feudal warlords—journeyed to Dazaifu Tenmangu to pray for success in battle."]
[3719,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","社会","幕末","ばくまつ","Bakumatsu","幕末と呼ばれた徳川時代(1603~1867年)の最後の数年間は、極度の政治的変動によって特徴付けられました。","The final years of the Tokugawa period (1603–1867), referred to as Bakumatsu, were marked by extreme political change."]
[3720,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神幸式","しんこうしき","Jinkoshiki","神幸式－菅原道真の大名行列は神社にまつわる最大の儀式で、1853年のこの巻物に描かれています。","Jinkoshiki—The Grand Procession of Sugawara Michizane—is the largest ritual associated with the shrine and is depicted in this scroll from 1853."]
[3721,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","人物・人名・役職名","玉依姫","たまよりひめ","Tamayori-hime","竈門神社は玉依姫を祀っています。玉依姫は、恋愛運や縁結びと関係があります。","Kamado Shrine is dedicated to the female deity Tamayori-hime. Tamayori-hime is associated with romantic fortune and matchmaking."]
[3722,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","授与所","じゅよしょ","juyosho","竈門神社の授与所(案内所・お守り所)へようこそ。","Welcome to Kamado Shrine’s juyosho (facility for selling amulets and good luck charms)."]
[3723,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","絵馬","えま","ema","願い事のための木製の板である絵馬に願い事を書いて境内に飾ることもできます。","You can write wishes on an ema, a wooden votive plaque, and hang it in the shrine grounds."]
[3724,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","四天王","してんのう","Shitenno","他にも、仏教の護衛を務める恐ろしい四天王の描写があります。 ","Other highlights include a depiction of the fearsome Four Heavenly Kings (Shitenno)—the Buddhist guardians of the four directions."]
[3725,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","建造物等","鬼瓦","おにがわら","onigawara","建物の屋根を飾る西洋のガーゴイル（怪物像）のような悪魔が彫刻された瓦である、恐ろしい鬼瓦と向き合ってみてください。 ","Come face to face with a frightful onigawara—an example of a tile sculpted into a gargoyle-like demon that adorned the roofs of buildings."]
[3726,"福岡県","太宰府市日本遺産活性化協議会","史跡","客館","きゃくかん","Guest House","広大な行政上の複合施設の中心にある宮殿のような官公庁は十分に文書と知られてましたが、考古学者はごく最近になって、来賓客用に使われていた客館を発見しました。 ","Much is known about the palatial government offices at the heart of the sprawling administrative complex, but archaeologists have only recently discovered the remains of the Guest House used by visiting foreign dignitaries."]
[3727,"長崎県","長崎市","組織・団体","英国聖公会","えいこくせいこうかい","British Episcopal Church","小山はすでに東山手に英国聖公会を建てており、後に丘の上に旧別邸を建てた。","Prior to that, Koyama had built the British Episcopal Church in Higashiyamate, and he would later build the Former Alt House farther up the hill."]
[3728,"長崎県","長崎市","建造物等","石炭焚きの暖炉\n石炭暖炉","せきたんだきのだんろ\nせきたんだんろ","coal-burning fireplace","洋風のデザインが多いが、柱と梁の骨組みが丸石になっているなど、基本的な構造は和風で、壁や屋根も古典的な日本風だが、畳ではなくフローリングで、英国式の石炭焚きの暖炉、フランス式の窓、石畳のベランダなどがある。","Although the house’s design is Japanese, as seen in the walls, roof, and post-and-beam frame set on boulders, it incorporates many Western features such as hardwood floors, coal-burning fireplaces, French windows, and a stone-paved veranda."]
[3729,"長崎県","長崎市","その他","造船","ぞうせん","Shipbuilding","2015年、旧グラバー住宅は、グラバーの人脈と日本の近代化への影響を評価され、鉄鋼、造船、石炭鉱業などの日本の明治産業革命遺産として世界遺産に指定されました","In 2015, the Former Glover House was designated a World Heritage Site as part of the Sites of Japan’s Meiji Industrial Revolution: Iron and Steel, Shipbuilding and Coal Mining, in recognition of Glover’s personal connections and contributions to Japan’s modernization."]
[3730,"長崎県","長崎市","その他","石炭鉱業","せきたんこうぎょう","Coal Mining","2015年、旧グラバー住宅は、グラバーの人脈と日本の近代化への影響を評価され、鉄鋼、造船、石炭鉱業などの日本の明治産業革命遺産として世界遺産に指定されました","In 2015, the Former Glover House was designated a World Heritage Site as part of the Sites of Japan’s Meiji Industrial Revolution: Iron and Steel, Shipbuilding and Coal Mining, in recognition of Glover’s personal connections and contributions to Japan’s modernization."]
[3731,"長崎県","長崎市","乗物","蒸気船","じょうきせん","steamship","グラバーは、茶、材木などの物資を西洋に輸出し、鉄砲、機械、蒸気船を輸入することに初めて成功した。","Glover first found success exporting tea, timber, and other goods to the West while importing guns, machinery, and steamships into Japan. "]
[3732,"長崎県","長崎市","岩石・洞窟","花崗岩","かこうがん","granite","屋根は瓦、ベランダはロシアのウラジオストク産の花崗岩である。","The one-story house has a wooden frame, but its exterior walls are made of stone. The roof is covered with traditional Japanese tiles, and the veranda is paved with granite from Vladivostok, Russia."]
[3733,"長崎県","長崎市","建造物等","粘土瓦","ねんどがわら","clay tiles","ベランダやポルティコの周りのトスカーナの柱は煙突と同様に明らかに西洋風だが、建物は日本の木枠構造で、屋根は伝統的な粘土瓦で覆われている。","he Tuscan pillars around the veranda and portico are distinctly Western, as are the chimneys, but the building is a Japanese timber-frame construction and the roof is clad with traditional clay tiles."]
[3734,"長崎県","長崎市","食","炭酸飲料","たんさんいんりょう","carbonated beverages","ロバート・シニアは1898年にR・N・ウォーカーを創業し、1904年に万歳飲料製造所を設立し、日本初の炭酸飲料の一つを製造。","In 1898, Robert Sr. founded R. N. Walker & Co., and in 1904, he started the Banzai Aerated Water Factory, which produced some of Japan’s first carbonated beverages. "]
[3735,"長崎県","長崎市","建造物等","検事正官舍","けんじせいかんしゃ","chief public prosecutor's reception hall","1886年に貞吉が死去し、翌年に自由亭は閉店した。建物は長崎地方裁判所に買い取られ、検事正官舍として使用した。","When Jōkichi died in 1886, Jiyūtei closed the next year, and the building was bought by the Nagasaki District Court. It was used as a the chief public prosecutor's reception hall. "]
[3736,"長崎県","長崎市","人物・人名・役職名","宣教師","せんきょうし","missionary","1897年には、東山手の17区画のうち13区画が、キリスト教系の学校か、その教師や宣教師の住居となっていた。","By 1897, 13 of the 17 lots in Higashiyamate were occupied either by mission schools or residences for teachers and missionaries. "]
[3737,"長崎県","長崎市","建造物等","造船所","ぞうせんじょ","shipyard","1884年に三菱会社は造船所を借り、造船業を急速に拡大した。","In 1884, the shipyard was leased by the Mitsubishi Company, which quickly expanded its shipbuilding operations. "]
[3738,"長崎県","長崎市","建造物等","上げ下げ窓","あげさげまど","double hung window","広々としたエントランスと上げ下げ窓があるが、多くの部屋は畳で、煙突がない。","The house has a large entrance hall and double hung windows, but many of the rooms had tatami floors, and there is notable lack of a chimney."]
[3739,"長崎県","長崎市","その他","独立機関","どくりつきかん","separate institution","1949年に長崎大学経済学部に入られ、独立機関としてとして存在がなくなった。","In 1949, the school was incorporated into the Economics Department of Nagasaki University and ceased to exist as a separate institution."]
[3740,"長崎県","長崎市","その他","外国人居留地","がいこくじんきょりゅうち","foreign settlement","長崎の外国人居留地は大浦川の河口沿いとその周辺の丘陵地に作られていた。","Nagasaki’s foreign settlement was situated at the mouth of the Oura River and the adjacent hills."]
[3741,"長崎県","長崎市","その他","水系感染症","すいけいかんせんしょう","waterborne disease","コレラは水系感染症であり、当時は公共の水が容易に汚染されていたため、伝染病が流行し、コミュニティ全体が急速に破壊されていた。","Cholera is a waterborne disease, and at the time, public water sources were easily contaminated, causing epidemics that could rapidly devastate whole communities. "]
[3742,"長崎県","長崎市","組織・団体","友愛結社","ゆうあいけっしゃ","fraternal society ","フリーメイソンは18世紀初頭に設立された友愛結社で、そのルーツは中世ヨーロッパに存在した石工組合に遡ると考えられている。","The Freemasons are a fraternal society founded in the early eighteenth century whose roots are believed to trace back to the associations of professional stonemasons that existed during Europe’s Middle Ages. "]
[3743,"長崎県","長崎市","芸能・興行・イベント","蝶々夫人","ちょうちょうふじん","Madam Butterfly","風景とユニークなデザインから感化された夫妻は、プッチーニの有名なオペラ「蝶々夫人」にちなんでこの家に「蝶々夫人の家」という愛称を付けた。","Inspired by the scenery and the unique design of the house, the couple nicknamed the house “The Madam Butterfly House” after Puccini’s famous opera, Madame Butterfly."]
[3744,"長崎県","長崎市","その他","砂利道","じゃりどう\nじゃりみち","gravel-based macadam road, or gravel road","日本には1870年代に砂利道が導入されたが、アスファルト舗装は1920年代まではまだ珍しかった。","Gravel-based macadam roads had been introduced to Japan in the 1870s, but asphalt paving was still rare in Japan until the 1920s."]
[3745,"長崎県","長崎市","史跡","大砲","たいほう","cannon","1800年初頭、秋帆は西洋と日本の武器の技術格差、特に日本に大砲や火器がないことを懸念していた。","During the early 1800s, Shūhan had become concerned by the technological gap between Western and Japanese weaponry, in particular Japan’s lack of cannons and firearms."]
[3746,"長崎県","長崎市","芸能・興行・イベント","神楽","かぐら","votive dancing ","毎年10月7日から9日まで長崎くんち祭りが開催され、各地区の参加者が大きな船の形をした山車で市内を巡行し、各地で奉納舞踊(神楽)が披露される。","The Nagasaki Kunchi Festival is held each year from October 7 to 9. During the festival, representatives from each of several participating Nagasaki neighborhoods tour the city with large, boat-shaped floats, stopping at various locations for performances of votive dancing (kagura). "]
[3747,"長崎県","長崎市","芸能・興行・イベント","阿蘭陀万歳","おらんだまんざい","stylized comic dance","龍舞は長崎の中国人文化が起源で、阿蘭陀万歳は出島のオランダ人の風刺漫画として始まった。","The Dragon Dance originated in the Chinese community of Nagasaki, and the oranda-manzai, a stylized comic dance, began as a caricature of the Dutch residents of Dejima."]
[3748,"長崎県","長崎市","その他","腎臓病","じんぞうびょう","kidney disease","1911年12月16日、腎臓病のため東京で死去。","He died of kidney disease in Tokyo on December 16, 1911."]
[3749,"長崎県","長崎市","工芸・美術品","水彩画","すいさいが","watercolor illustration","また、南西日本で発見された海産生物の水彩画800点以上を収録した「グラバー図譜」の編纂でも知られる。","He is also known for compiling the Glover Atlas: Fishes of Southern and Western Japan, which contains over 800 watercolor illustrations of marine species found in southwestern Japan."]
[3750,"長崎県","長崎市","その他","茶の検査官","ちゃのけんさかん","tea inspector","1865年、現在の九江で茶の検査官として勤務していたリンガーは、トーマス・B・グローバー(1838~1911年)の招きで長崎での茶の取引を管理した。","In 1865, while working as a tea inspector in Kiukiang (now Jiujiang), Ringer was invited to Nagasaki by Thomas B. Glover (1838–1911) to manage his company’s tea trade."]
[3751,"長崎県","長崎市","建造物等","和洋折衷","わようせっちゅう","blending Western and Japanese","この間取り図は、和洋折衷の建築様式を垣間見る貴重な資料となっている。","The document provides a valuable glimpse into the process of blending Western and Japanese architecture."]
[3752,"長崎県","長崎市","庭園・公園","芝生","しばふ","grass lawn","外国人住民は、スポーツのためだけでなく、コンサートやランチなどの集まりのためにも、明治時代（1868―1912）の日本では珍しいこの芝生を維持していた。","The foreign residents maintained grass lawns, which were unusual in Japan during the Meiji era (1868–1912), for not only playing sports but also for concerts, luncheons, and other gatherings. "]
[3753,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実 行委員会","組織・団体","隠れキリシタン","かくれきりしたん","Hidden Christian","潜伏キリシタンとは、キリスト教が禁じられていた1614年から約2世紀半の間、ひそかに信仰を守りつづけた信徒の呼び名です。","Hidden Christians is the name for people in Japan who secretly maintained their faith throughout the roughly two-and-a-half-century period starting in 1614 during which Christianity was banned. "]
[3754,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実 行委員会","書物","バスチャンの日繰り","ばすちゃんのひぐり","The Church Calendar of Bastian","「バスチャンの日繰り」（キリシタン暦）が編纂される","The Church Calendar of Bastian is compiled."]
[3755,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実 行委員会","社会","郡崩れ","こおりくずれ","Kōri Crackdown","大村藩の大規模キリシタンの摘発「郡崩れ」で400名以上が処刑される","Over 400 people are executed in the Kōri Crackdown in the Ōmura domain."]
[3756,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実 行委員会","社会","日米和親条約","にちべいわしんじょうやく","Treaty of Peace and Amity","幕府と米国間で日米和親条約が締結される","The shogunate signs a Treaty of Peace and Amity with the United States."]
[3757,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実 行委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大浦天主堂","おおうらてんしゅどう","Ōura Cathedral","大浦天主堂が国宝に指定される","Ōura Cathedral is re-designated a National Treasure."]
[3758,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実 行委員会","組織・団体","岩倉使節団","いわくらしせつだん","The Iwakura mission","岩倉使節団が西洋諸国に出発し、渡航の先々で信教の自由について非難される","The Iwakura mission sets out for the West and is pressed on the freedom-of-religion issue everywhere it goes."]
[3759,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実 行委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","日本二十六聖人","にほんにじゅうろくせいじん","Twenty-Six Martyrs of Japan","この事件は日本二十六聖人の殉教として知られており、処刑された信徒の中にはフランシスコ会とイエズス会の宣教師や信徒がいました","They are now known as the Twenty-Six Martyrs of Japan, and included Franciscan and Jesuit missionaries and laity."]
[3760,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実 行委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","サンタ・マリア教会","さんたまりあきょうかい","Santa Maria do Monte","現在の長崎歴史文化博物館の場所にあった山のサンタ・マリア教会","Santa Maria do Monte (which stood on the site of the Nagasaki Museum of History and Culture, where you are now)"]
[3761,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実 行委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","被昇天の聖母教会","ひしょうてんのせいぼきょうかい","Santa Maria da Assunção","旧県庁舎跡地の場所にあった被昇天の聖母教会","Santa Maria da Assunção (which stood on the site of the old Prefectural Office)"]
[3762,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実 行委員会","社会","キリシタンの一揆","きりしたんのいっき","Christian revolt","この蜂起を当初からキリシタンの一揆と位置づけていた幕府は、以降、キリシタンの弾圧を一層強化しました。","The shogunate, which had chosen to see the uprising as a Christian revolt from the start."]
[3763,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実 行委員会","書物","寺方門徒帳","てらかたもんとちょう","terakatamontochō","寺方門徒帳は、転宗を強いて寺の檀家とさせた住民を記帳したものです。最初の寺方門徒帳は、1616年に長崎で作られたとされています。","A terakatamontochō is a written record of local residents forced to convert and become temple parishioners."]
[3764,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実 行委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","帳方","ちょうかた","chōkata","潜伏キリシタンは、祈りとキリシタン暦を司る「帳方」、洗礼を授ける「水方」、伝道を行った「聞役」と称される指導者たちの下で、ひそかに祈り、信仰儀礼を行いました。","Christians prayed and practiced their religious rituals under a hierarchy of leaders: chōkata, who safeguarded the prayers and the Christian calendar; mizukata, who handled baptisms; and kikiyaku, who evangelized."]
[3765,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実 行委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","水方","みずかた","mizukata","潜伏キリシタンは、祈りとキリシタン暦を司る「帳方」、洗礼を授ける「水方」、伝道を行った「聞役」と称される指導者たちの下で、ひそかに祈り、信仰儀礼を行いました。","Christians prayed and practiced their religious rituals under a hierarchy of leaders: chōkata, who safeguarded the prayers and the Christian calendar; mizukata, who handled baptisms; and kikiyaku, who evangelized."]
[3766,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実 行委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","聞役","ききやく","kikiyaku","潜伏キリシタンは、祈りとキリシタン暦を司る「帳方」、洗礼を授ける「水方」、伝道を行った「聞役」と称される指導者たちの下で、ひそかに祈り、信仰儀礼を行いました。","Christians prayed and practiced their religious rituals under a hierarchy of leaders: chōkata, who safeguarded the prayers and the Christian calendar; mizukata, who handled baptisms; and kikiyaku, who evangelized."]
[3767,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実 行委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","信徒発見","しんとはっけん","Discovery of the Hidden Christians","およそ2世紀半にわたる禁教・弾圧がまだ続いていたさなかで起こったこの劇的な事件は、「信徒発見」と呼ばれています。","This dramatic episode, which took place while the two-and-a-half century ban on Christianity in Japan was still in effect, is known as shinto hakken, or the “Discovery of the Hidden Christians.”"]
[3768,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実 行委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","かくれキリシタン","かくれきりしたん","Kakure Kirishitan","これらの人々は、徳川幕府の時代の潜伏キリシタンと区別して、かくれキリシタンと称されています。"," In order to distinguish them from the Hidden Christians of the Tokugawa shogunate, they are referred to as “Kakure Kirishitan.”"]
[3769,"長崎県","長崎市多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","大村純忠","おおむらすみただ","Omura Sumitada","そのうちの一人が大村純忠です。","One of these rulers was Omura Sumitada (1533–1587)."]
[3770,"長崎県","長崎市多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","キリシタン大名","きりしたんだいみょう","Christian ruler ","彼は日本初のキリシタン大名でした。","He is known as the first Christian ruler in Japan. "]
[3771,"長崎県","長崎市多言語解説協議会","組織・団体","遣欧使節","けんおうしせつ","Japanese embassy to Europe","１５８２年、純忠等は日本で初めての遣欧使節として、四人の少年たちをローマ教皇とスペインの王、フェリペ２世のもとに赴く旅へと向かわせました。","In 1582, Sumitada and other Christian rulers sponsored the first Japanese embassy to Europe under which four young men were sent to Rome to meet the Pope and King Philip II of Spain."]
[3772,"長崎県","長崎市多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","豊臣秀吉","とよとみひでよし","Toyotomi Hideyoshi","伝来した当初、キリスト教は天下統一を果たした豊臣秀吉によって受け入れられていました。","Christianity was initially embraced by Japan’s unifier, Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1537–1598). "]
[3773,"長崎県","長崎市多言語解説協議会","その他","踏み絵","ふみえ"," fumi-e ","ただし、1614年にキリスト教禁止令が発布され、1629年には踏み絵（キリスト教を信仰していないことを証明するためにキリスト教の聖像画を踏ませる行為）が実施されました。","A law forbidding Christianity was decreed in 1614, and the practice of fumi-e (in which suspected Christians were forced to step on Christian icons to show they were non-followers) was implemented in 1629. "]
[3774,"長崎県","長崎市多言語解説協議会","社会","島原の乱","しまばらのらん","uprising in Shimabara","1637年に、多くのキリシタンを含む37,000人が起こした島原の乱は、日本におけるキリスト教への最終的な打撃となりました。","Christianity in Japan received its final blow in 1637 when 37,000 peasants, including many Christians, started an uprising in Shimabara. "]
[3775,"長崎県","長崎市多言語解説協議会","史跡","出島","でじま","Dejima","しかし、オランダ東インド会社は、貿易のみを目的とすることで、長崎港の小さな島、出島で活動を続けることを許されました。","However, the Dutch East India Company was allowed to continue to operate from a small island named Dejima in Nagasaki port for trade purposes."]
[3776,"長崎県","長崎市多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","バスチャン","ばすちゃん","Bastian","二人目の人物は、元は長崎南部の仏教の寺の門番を勤めており、その後サン・ジワンの弟子となった日本人伝道士のバスチャンでした。","The second, Bastian, was a gatekeeper of a Buddhist temple born in the south of Nagasaki who became San Juan’s disciple."]
[3777,"長崎県","長崎市多言語解説協議会","社会","鎖国","さこく","concealment","鎖国が行われていた250年間、外海のキリスト教徒たちは、再び自由にキリスト教を信仰できる未来についてバスチャンの予言に希望をかけて密かに信仰を守り続けていました。","Thereafter, throughout their 250 years of concealment, the Christians of Sotome firmly hung onto the prophecies of Bastian that foretold better times."]
[3778,"長崎県","長崎市多言語解説協議会","組織・団体","隠れキリシタン","かくれきりしたん","hidden Christian ","彼ら二人は、1650年代、キリスト教徒への弾圧が激しかった時代に、隠れキリシタンたちのコミュニティーへ訪問するなどしました。","During the 1650s, at a time when persecution was fierce, these two missionaries traveled together to hidden Christian communities."]
[3779,"長崎県","長崎市多言語解説協議会","乗物","黒船","くろふね","black ships","その後はコンヘソーロ（告白を聞く神父）が大きな黒船でやってきて、毎週でもコンビサン（告白）ができるようになる。","The second predicted that confessors would arrive in black ships after which everyone would be able to confess every week."]
[3780,"長崎県","長崎市多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","マリア観音像","まりあかんのんぞう","Maria Kannon Statue","五島で見つかったマリア観音像(外海歴史民俗資料館蔵)","Maria Kannon Statue (Found at the Goto Islands, Sotome Museum of History and Folklore collections)"]
[3781,"長崎県","長崎市多言語解説協議会","その他","信徒発見","しんとはっけん","Discovery of Hidden Christians","長崎での信徒発見","the Discovery of Hidden Christians in Nagasaki"]
[3782,"長崎県","長崎市多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大浦天主堂","おおうらてんしゅどう"," Oura Church ","長崎で彼は、大浦天主堂の建築に貢献をしました。","There he contributed to the establishment of the Oura Church."]
[3783,"長崎県","長崎市多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","南蛮寺","なんばんでら","barbarian temple","当初、天主堂は、フランス人のカトリック教徒に利用されていましたが、南蛮寺を見てみたいという好奇心旺盛な少数の日本人が訪れることもありました。","Initially, the cathedral was used only by French Catholics, although some Japanese people came to visit the “barbarian temple” out of curiosity. "]
[3784,"長崎県","長崎市多言語解説協議会","史跡","出津救助院","しつきゅうじょいん","Shitsu Aid Center ","1883年、農民たちの貧しい暮らしを懸念したド・ロは、私財を用いて、出津救助院を設立しました。","In 1883, concerned about the poor living conditions of the farmers, de Rotz established the Shitsu Aid Center using money borrowed from his family."]
[3785,"長崎県","長崎市多言語解説協議会","史跡","石版印刷所","せきばんいんさつじょ","lithography office","彼は、10年間、大浦天主堂の石版印刷所と横浜で働いたあと、外海の主任司祭に任命されました。","After running a lithography office for 10 years at Oura Church and working in Yokohama, he was appointed head priest at Sotome. "]
[3786,"長崎県","長崎市多言語解説協議会","史跡","出津共同墓地","しつきょうどうぼち","Shitsu Public Cemetery","彼は、自ら設計し建造した出津共同墓地に埋葬されました。","He was buried in the Shitsu Public Cemetery, which he had designed and constructed himself. "]
[3787,"長崎県","長崎市多言語解説協議会","史跡","旧羅典神学校","きゅうらてんしんがっこう","former Latin Seminary","ド・ロ版大木版画「サンタマリア」(旧羅典神学校蔵)","Lithograph Supervised by Father de Rotz: “Saint Mary” (the former Latin Seminary)"]
[3788,"長崎県","長崎市多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","中村近造","なかむらきんぞう","Nakamura Kinzo","ローマ字を用いて日本語で書かれたこれらの本は、友人であり同僚の教育者であった中村近蔵の助けを得ながら作られたものでした。","The books were written in Japanese using the Roman alphabet, and de Rotz was assisted by his friend and fellow teacher, Nakamura Kinzo(1859–1945)."]
[3789,"長崎県","長崎市多言語解説協議会","工芸・美術品","そろばん","そろばん","abacus ","当時使用していた教育用の大型そろばん(ド・ロ神父記念館蔵)","Large Abacus (Father de Rotz Memorial Hall)"]
[3790,"長崎県","長崎市多言語解説協議会","書物","知慧明ヶ乃道","ちえあけのみち","The Path to Wisdom and Enlightenment","1877年、彼は、知慧明ヶ乃道を出版し、男性だけでなく女性にも読書を勧めました。","For example, in 1877 he published a book titled The Path to Wisdom and Enlightenment, a text which he encouraged both men and women to read. "]
[3791,"長崎県","長崎市多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","大石シゲ","おおいししげ","Oishi Shige","その支援を受けて出津でも、1879年には大石シゲを院長として、聖ヨゼフ会が設立されました。","In the Shitsu area in 1879, the Saint Joseph Society was founded with Oishi Shige (1850–1921) as its head."]
[3792,"長崎県","長崎市多言語解説協議会","組織・団体","聖ヨゼフ会","せいよぜふかい","Saint Joseph Society","その支援を受けて出津でも、1879年には大石シゲを院長として、聖ヨゼフ会が設立されました。","In the Shitsu area in 1879, the Saint Joseph Society was founded with Oishi Shige (1850–1921) as its head."]
[3793,"長崎県","長崎市多言語解説協議会","組織・団体","お告げのマリア修道会","おつげのまりあしゅうどうかい"," Ave Maria Society ","福祉活動はこれらの団体の中心的となり、お告げのマリア修道会の活動は現在も続いています。","Relief work became the central focus of these organizations, and the activities of the Ave Maria Society continue to this day."]
[3794,"長崎県","長崎市多言語解説協議会","博物館・美術館","ド・ロ神父記念館","どろしんぷきねんかん","De Rotz Memorial Hall","ド・ロ神父は、農具の使い方や、より効率的な農業の行い方を日本人画家に描かせ、農耕法を教えたと考えられます。これらの絵は、ド・ロ神父記念館にて、今でも見ることができます。","It is thought that de Rotz had Japanese artists draw pictures that illustrate how to use the tools and how to farm more effectively, and these drawings can still be seen in the De Rotz Memorial Hall. "]
[3795,"長崎県","長崎市多言語解説協議会","食","ド・ロさまゼリ","どろさまぜり","De Rotz Watercres","村人の健康にも配慮したド・ロ神父は、栄養価の高いクレソンを栽培しました。クレソンは出津で、ド・ロさまゼリと呼ばれていました。","Concerned about the wellness of the villagers, de Rotz planted nutritious watercress, which was called “De Rotz Watercress” in Sotome."]
[3796,"長崎県","長崎市多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","サンモール会修道院","さんもーるかいしゅうどういん","Convent of the Sisters of Saint Maur","建築技術に精通していたド・ロ神父は、横浜のサンモール会修道院や長崎の羅典神学校の建設に貢献しました。","Well-versed in architecture, de Rotz (1840–1914) contributed to the construction of the Convent of the Sisters of Saint Maur in Yokohama and the Latin Seminary in Nagasaki. "]
[3797,"長崎県","長崎市多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","出津教会","しつきょうかい","Shitsu Church","外海では、彼は出津教会、出津救助院の各施設、大野教会などを建築しました。","In Sotome, he was in charge of the construction of Shitsu Church, the various facilities of the Shitsu Aid Center, Ono Church, and other buildings. "]
[3798,"長崎県","長崎市多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大野教会","おおのきょうかい","Ono Church","外海では、彼は出津教会、出津救助院の各施設、大野教会などを建築しました。","In Sotome, he was in charge of the construction of Shitsu Church, the various facilities of the Shitsu Aid Center, Ono Church, and other buildings. "]
[3799,"長崎県","長崎市多言語解説協議会","組織・団体","浦上十字会","うらかみじゅうじかい","Urakami Cross Society","ド・ロ神父の指導と援助を受けて、浦上十字会を設立し、294人の孤児を養子として育てました。","These women, under the instruction and guidance of de Rotz, founded the Urakami Cross Society, and raised and adopted 294 orphans. "]
[3800,"長崎県","長崎市多言語解説協議会","博物館・美術館","遠藤周作文学館","えんどうしゅうさくぶんがくかん","Endo Shusaku Literary Museum","遠藤周作文学館","Endo Shusaku Literary Museum"]
[3801,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","海岸・岬","神割崎","かみわりざき","Cape Kamiwarizaki","神割崎は三陸地域屈指の名勝地です。","Cape Kamiwarizaki is one of the most renowned scenic spots in the Sanriku region."]
[3802,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","島しょ","椛島","かばしま","Kabashima Island","椛島で最も景観の良いスポットのひとつは、鷹ノ巣灯台です。島の南東端の小島にあるこの灯台は高さ50メートルの柱が連なる崖に面しています。","One of Kabashima Island’s most scenic spots is the Taka no Su lighthouse, facing a cliff of 50-meter-tall columns on a tiny islet at the southeast tip of the island."]
[3803,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","建造物等","鷹ノ巣灯台","たかのすとうだい","Taka no Su lighthouse","椛島で最も景観の良いスポットのひとつは、鷹ノ巣灯台です。島の南東端の小島にあるこの灯台は高さ50メートルの柱が連なる崖に面しています。","One of Kabashima Island’s most scenic spots is the Taka no Su lighthouse, facing a cliff of 50-meter-tall columns on a tiny islet at the southeast tip of the island."]
[3804,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","島しょ","奈留島","なるしま","Naru Island","小さく、山が多く、人口が少ないこの島は、奈留島のすぐ南にあり、五島列島最大の島である福江島の16キロメートル東にあります。","This small, mountainous, and lightly populated island lies just south of Naru Island and 16 kilometers east of the Goto Islands’ main island of Fukue."]
[3805,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","島しょ","五島列島","ごとうれっとう","Goto Islands","小さく、山が多く、人口が少ないこの島は、奈留島のすぐ南にあり、五島列島最大の島である福江島の16キロメートル東にあります。","This small, mountainous, and lightly populated island lies just south of Naru Island and 16 kilometers east of the Goto Islands’ main island of Fukue."]
[3806,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","玄武岩","げんぶがん","basalt","柔らかい玄武岩が硬いデイサイトに両脇からはさまれている崖肌は、類稀の高さを持つ柱状節理です。","The cliff faces, vertical sandwiches of soft basalt surrounded by hard dacite, are unusually tall examples of columnar jointing."]
[3807,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","自然現象","柱状節理","ちゅうじょうせつり","columnar jointing","柔らかい玄武岩が硬いデイサイトに両脇からはさまれている崖肌は、類稀の高さを持つ柱状節理です。","The cliff faces, vertical sandwiches of soft basalt surrounded by hard dacite, are unusually tall examples of columnar jointing."]
[3808,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","島しょ","福江島","ふくえじま","Fukue Island","荒波や潮流のためこのエリアに近寄れないことがあるものの、福江島と奈留島から海上タクシーが利用できます。","Boat-taxi services, however, are available from Fukue Island and Naru Island, though rough seas and currents make the area inaccessible at times."]
[3809,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","島しょ","赤島","あかしま","Akashima Island","玄武岩でできた非常に小さな島である赤島は、福江島の東海岸付近の沖合に浮かんでいます。","Akashima Island, a very small island made of volcanic basalt, lies just off the east coast of Fukue Island."]
[3810,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","島しょ","黄島","おうしま","Oshima Island","福江島の東に浮かぶ三島のうち、最も南にある黄島には、五島列島最大級の溶岩トンネルがあります。","One of the largest lava tubes in the Goto Islands can be found on Oshima Island, the southernmost of the three islands that lie to the east of Fukue Island."]
[3811,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","黄鉄鉱","おうてっこう","pyrite","トンネル内部の壁面は明るく輝く黄鉄鉱の結晶で覆われており、上部には無数の火山性鍾乳石が形成されています。","The interior walls consist of brightly shining pyrite crystals, while countless volcanic stalactites have formed on the ceiling."]
[3812,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","鍾乳石","しょうにゅうせき","stalactite","トンネル内部の壁面は明るく輝く黄鉄鉱の結晶で覆われており、上部には無数の火山性鍾乳石が形成されています。","The interior walls consist of brightly shining pyrite crystals, while countless volcanic stalactites have formed on the ceiling."]
[3813,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","山岳","細ヶ岳","ほそがたけ","Mt. Hosogatake","黄島にあるもうひとつの特徴的な地形は細ヶ岳です。細ヶ岳は島の西側にある高さ25メートルの円形の隆起で、長崎県公式の最低峰です。","Another geographical feature of Oshima is Mt. Hosogatake, a rounded rise on the western side of the island, which is officially the lowest mountain in Nagasaki Prefecture, at 25 meters. "]
[3814,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","島しょ","大板部島","おおいたべじま","Oitabe Island","大板部島を訪れるには特別な許可が必要です。また、この島は子ども向けの行楽地ではありません。","Special permission is required to visit Oitabe Island, and it is not a recommended destination for children."]
[3815,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","島しょ","ホゲ島","ほげしま","Hogeshima Island","中国の黄河地域に関係がある可能性が高い砂岩でできている円形の小さなホゲ島は、これらの島々とアジア大陸の歴史的な繋がりの一部です。","Small, circular Hogeshima Island is part of the historic link between these islands and the Asian continent, as it is made of sandstone very likely related to China’s Yellow River area."]
[3816,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","海岸・岬","登屋の首","とやのくび","Toya no Kubi","福江島北中部にある登屋の首と呼ばれる丘の多い半島は、何千年にもわたって、太平洋沖に押し寄せる台風や嵐に対して安全な場所を作り出してきました。","The hilly peninsula in north-central Fukue Island called Toya no Kubi has for millennia created a safe haven against typhoons and other storms sweeping off the Pacific Ocean."]
[3817,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","五島層群","ごとうそうぐん","Goto Group","五島層群（アジアから移動してきた五島列島のもととなった島々）は、ここで西側の玄武岩質溶岩流と交わる急勾配の丘です。","The Goto Group (the original islands which moved down from Asia) are here steep hills that meet the basaltic lava flows to the west."]
[3818,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","海岸・岬","魚津ヶ崎","ぎょうがさき","Gyogasaki Peninsula","比較的年代が古く、高さのある玄武岩でできたこの半島は、比較的年代が浅く平らな溶岩流でできた魚津ヶ崎（ぎょうがさき）とともに白石湾を作り出しました。","The older, higher formations of the peninsula’s basalt formations, along with the younger, flatter lava flow of the Gyogasaki Peninsula, created Shiraishi Bay. "]
[3819,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","海岸・岬","白石湾","しらいしわん","Shiraishi Bay","比較的年代が古く、高さのある玄武岩でできたこの半島は、比較的年代が浅く平らな溶岩流でできた魚津ヶ崎（ぎょうがさき）とともに白石湾を作り出しました。","The older, higher formations of the peninsula’s basalt formations, along with the younger, flatter lava flow of the Gyogasaki Peninsula, created Shiraishi Bay."]
[3820,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","史跡","岐宿茶園遺跡","きしゅくちゃえんいせき","Kishuku Tea Plantation Site","岐宿茶園遺跡","Kishuku Tea Plantation Site"]
[3821,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","海岸・岬","八朔鼻","はっさくばな","Hassakubana","八朔鼻における玄武岩質溶岩の独特な形状と模様は、この島の海岸線の多くと似ています。","The unique shapes and patterns of the basaltic lava at Hassakubana are similar to many shorelines on this island."]
[3822,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","植物","スナビキソウ","すなびきそう","Heliotropium japonicum","ここに生育する植物には、スナビキソウ（Heliotropium japonicum）、ハマサジ（Limonium tetragonum）、ゲンカイミミナグサ（Cerastium fischerianum）、ハマナデシコ（Dianthus japonicus、別称seashore pink）などがあります。","Among the species found here are sunabikiso (Heliotropium japonicum), hamasaji (Limonium tetragonum), genkai miminagusa (Cerastium fischerianum) and hama nadeshiko (Dianthus japonicus, sometimes known as seashore pink). "]
[3823,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","植物","ハマサジ","はまさじ","Limonium tetragonum","ここに生育する植物には、スナビキソウ（Heliotropium japonicum）、ハマサジ（Limonium tetragonum）、ゲンカイミミナグサ（Cerastium fischerianum）、ハマナデシコ（Dianthus japonicus、別称seashore pink）などがあります。","Among the species found here are sunabikiso (Heliotropium japonicum), hamasaji (Limonium tetragonum), genkai miminagusa (Cerastium fischerianum) and hama nadeshiko (Dianthus japonicus, sometimes known as seashore pink). "]
[3824,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","植物","ゲンカイミミナグサ","げんかいみみなぐさ","Cerastium fischerianum","ここに生育する植物には、スナビキソウ（Heliotropium japonicum）、ハマサジ（Limonium tetragonum）、ゲンカイミミナグサ（Cerastium fischerianum）、ハマナデシコ（Dianthus japonicus、別称seashore pink）などがあります。","Among the species found here are sunabikiso (Heliotropium japonicum), hamasaji (Limonium tetragonum), genkai miminagusa (Cerastium fischerianum) and hama nadeshiko (Dianthus japonicus, sometimes known as seashore pink). "]
[3825,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","植物","ハマナデシコ","はまなでしこ","Dianthus japonicus\n(seashore pink)","ここに生育する植物には、スナビキソウ（Heliotropium japonicum）、ハマサジ（Limonium tetragonum）、ゲンカイミミナグサ（Cerastium fischerianum）、ハマナデシコ（Dianthus japonicus、別称seashore pink）などがあります。","Among the species found here are sunabikiso (Heliotropium japonicum), hamasaji (Limonium tetragonum), genkai miminagusa (Cerastium fischerianum) and hama nadeshiko (Dianthus japonicus, sometimes known as seashore pink). "]
[3826,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","島しょ","姫島","ひめじま","Himejima Island","姫島","Himejima Island"]
[3827,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","山岳","権現岳","ごんげんだけ","Mt. Gongendake","ここから見える滝は、権現岳の高い位置から流れる一連の滝の最後の数本に過ぎません。ドンドン淵の名称は水が岩を打つ轟音を表す擬音語「ドンドン」に由来し、「淵（buchi）」は滝の底の深い水溜まりを意味します。","The waterfalls seen here are only the last few of a series that begins high on Mt. Gongendake. The Dondon Buchi name comes from the onomatopoeia don, describing the thunderous sound of the water striking the rocks, while buchi is the deep pool at the bottom of the falls."]
[3828,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","滝","ドンドン淵","どんどんぶち","Dondon Buchi Waterfalls","ドンドン淵","Dondon Buchi Waterfalls"]
[3829,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","溶結凝灰岩","ようけつぎょうかいがん","welded tuff","滝の流れる岩場は、溶岩流ではなく溶結凝灰岩と呼ばれる多孔性の火山性物質で形成されています。溶結凝灰岩はろ過装置の役割を果たすため、この場所の水はとても透明で純粋です。","The rocky course of the falls was formed not by a lava flow but by a porous volcanic material called welded tuff, which acts as a filter, so the water here is very clear and pure. "]
[3830,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","高原・湿原・原野","山内盆地","やまうちぼんち","Yamauchi Basin","山内盆地","Yamauchi Basin"]
[3831,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","山岳","七ツ岳","ななつだけ","Mt. Nanatsudake","山内盆地の西には、七ツ岳（431m）と父ヶ岳（460m）があります。","To the west are Mt. Nanatsudake (431 m) and Mt. Tetegadake (460 m)."]
[3832,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","山岳","父ヶ岳","ててがだけ","Mt. Tetegadake","山内盆地の西には、七ツ岳（431m）と父ヶ岳（460m）があります。","To the west are Mt. Nanatsudake (431 m) and Mt. Tetegadake (460 m)."]
[3833,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","海岸・岬","三井楽半島","みいらくはんとう","Miiraku Peninsula","空から見ると、三井楽半島の円畑と呼ばれる農地は、非常に特徴的です。","Seen from the air, the farming fields of the Miiraku Peninsula, known as maru hata (“round fields”) are quite remarkable:"]
[3834,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","郷土景観","円畑","みいらくはんとう","maru hata (“round fields”)","空から見ると、三井楽半島の円畑と呼ばれる農地は、非常に特徴的です。","Seen from the air, the farming fields of the Miiraku Peninsula, known as maru hata (“round fields”) are quite remarkable:"]
[3835,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","山岳","京ノ岳","きょうのだけ","Mt. Kyonotake","京ノ岳は、土台から頂上までを完全に見ることができる日本でも数少ない楯状火山のひとつです。","Mt. Kyonotake is one of the few shield volcanoes in Japan completely visible from base to summit."]
[3836,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","山岳","楯状火山","たてじょうかざん","shield volcanoes","京ノ岳は、土台から頂上までを完全に見ることができる日本でも数少ない楯状火山のひとつです。","Mt. Kyonotake is one of the few shield volcanoes in Japan completely visible from base to summit."]
[3837,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","建造物等","長崎鼻灯台","ながさきばなとうだい","Nagasaki Bana lighthouse","三井楽半島の西側に広がる海岸線は、長崎鼻灯台近くの岩の多い浜から始まり、急な角度で突き上げられている五島層群で終わっています。","The stretch of coastline along the west side of the Miiraku Peninsula begins at the rocky beaches near the Nagasaki Bana lighthouse, and ends with the Goto Group thrusting up at a steep angle."]
[3838,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","その他","スケアン","すけあん","sukean","灯台の近くには、溶岩石でできた漁の仕掛けであるスケアンがあります。","Near the lighthouse is a sukean, a fish trap made out of lava stones."]
[3839,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","島しょ","島山島","しまやまじま","Shimayama Island","海峡の向こうには島山島があります。","Across the channel is Shimayama Island."]
[3840,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","花崗岩","かこうがん","granite","おそらくここは、連続した花崗岩・砂岩・泥岩の地質帯と、巨大な大地の力が作り出した劇的な地形を見るには福江島で最高の場所です。","This is perhaps the best place on Fukue Island to see continuous bands of granite, sandstone and mudstone, and the dramatic shapes caused by the massive geological forces."]
[3841,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","砂岩","さがん","sandstone","おそらくここは、連続した花崗岩・砂岩・泥岩の地質帯と、巨大な大地の力が作り出した劇的な地形を見るには福江島で最高の場所です。","This is perhaps the best place on Fukue Island to see continuous bands of granite, sandstone and mudstone, and the dramatic shapes caused by the massive geological forces."]
[3842,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","泥岩","でいがん","mudstone","おそらくここは、連続した花崗岩・砂岩・泥岩の地質帯と、巨大な大地の力が作り出した劇的な地形を見るには福江島で最高の場所です。","This is perhaps the best place on Fukue Island to see continuous bands of granite, sandstone and mudstone, and the dramatic shapes caused by the massive geological forces."]
[3843,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","建造物等","赤灯台","あかとうだい","Aka Todai (“red lighthouse”)","赤灯台（Red Lighthouse）は、海峡が海に向かって広がっているところに位置しています。","The Aka Todai (“red lighthouse”) is located where the channel opens to the sea."]
[3844,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","山岳","只狩山","ただかりやま","Mt. Tadakariyama","只狩山と名付けられたこの穏やかな隆起は、ほぼ全体がスコリアという非常に軽く多孔質の玄武岩でできています。","This gentle rise named Mt. Tadakariyama is made up almost entirely of scoria, a very light, porous basaltic rock."]
[3845,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","パホイホイ溶岩","ぱほいほいようがん","pāhoehoe lava","これはしばしばパホイホイ溶岩の噴出によって起こります。パホイホイ溶岩は、島の複数の浜で見られる滑らかな縄状・波状の形を残す低粘性の溶岩です。","Often this is caused by eruptions of pāhoehoe lava, the low-viscosity lava that results in the smooth ropelike or wavelike shapes found at several beaches around the islands."]
[3846,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","島しょ","黒島","くろしま","Kuroshima Island","黒島","Kuroshima Island"]
[3847,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","島しょ","前島","まえじま","Maejima Island","前島のトンボロ","Maejima Island Tombolo"]
[3848,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","島しょ","末津島","すえつしま","Suetsushima Island","これは、時間の経過とともに長く伸びて離れた島（この場合は末津島）に繋がります。この繋がった島は陸繋島と呼ばれます。","This builds up over time until it grows long enough to attach to an offshore island (in this case, Suetsushima Island), which then becomes what is known as a tied island. "]
[3849,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","海岸・岬","陸繋島","りくけいとう","tied island","これは、時間の経過とともに長く伸びて離れた島（この場合は末津島）に繋がります。この繋がった島は陸繋島と呼ばれます。","This builds up over time until it grows long enough to attach to an offshore island (in this case, Suetsushima Island), which then becomes what is known as a tied island. "]
[3850,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","海岸・岬","大串","おおくし","Okushi","奈留島の最も西の半島の先端にある大串は、五島列島で最も大きく最も興味深いビーチロックのひとつがあることで知られています。","At the tip of the westernmost peninsula on Naru Island, Okushi is known for one of the largest and most interesting beachrock formations in the Goto Islands."]
[3851,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","山岳","単成火山","たんせいかざん","monogenetic volcanoes","その中でも特に名高い鬼岳火山群は、11の玄武岩質の単成火山から成ります。","One of the most prominent of these is the Mt. Onidake volcano group, comprised of eleven monogenetic basalt volcanoes.","※上記の用例では『玄武岩質』のが入っているので注意。"]
[3852,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","山岳","スコリア丘","すこりあきゅう","cinder cone","鬼岳は標高315mのスコリア丘で、芝生に覆われています。","Onidake is a 315-meter cinder cone covered with grass."]
[3853,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","A’a溶岩\n（アア溶岩）","ああようがん","a’a lava","アア溶岩はクリンカーと呼ばれる黒く鋭い破片を作り出します。海岸ではより大きな岩石の間で見ることができます。","This a’a lava also produces sharp, black fragments called clinkers, which are visible here among the larger rocks."]
[3854,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","クリンカー","くりんかー","clinker","アア溶岩はクリンカーと呼ばれる黒く鋭い破片を作り出します。海岸ではより大きな岩石の間で見ることができます。","This a’a lava also produces sharp, black fragments called clinkers, which are visible here among the larger rocks."]
[3855,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","その他","ノコギリ状","のこぎりじょう"," jagged","鬼岳をはじめとする辺り一帯の火山の噴火は、7kmに及ぶノコギリ状の海岸線を生みました。対馬海流のおかげで鐙瀬溶岩海岸の気温は島で最も高く、亜熱帯植物も生息しています。","The eruptions of Onidake and other nearby volcanoes produced this 7-kilometer-long jagged coastline which, thanks to the Tsushima Current, is the warmest place on the island. There are even subtropical plants growing here."]
[3856,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","島しょ","五島列島","ごとうれっとう","Goto Islands","九州西端の五島列島の中でも、大瀬崎は最西端に位置します。","Cape Osezaki is the westernmost point in the Goto Islands,","※『s』がつきます"]
[3857,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","五島層群","ごとうそうぐん","Goto Group","灯台が立つゴツゴツした岬は、五島層群に属しています。","The jagged promontory on which the lighthouse sits is a part of the Goto Group,"]
[3858,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","玄武岩","げんぶがん","basalt","岬の西側（海側）からは、玄武岩の岩脈が見えます。","From the west (ocean) side, you can see a basalt dike."]
[3859,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","井坑","いあな","Iana","富江には数多くの溶岩トンネルがありますが、その中でも井坑は最も規模が大きく、全長は1,400m以上に及びます。","Tomie has many lava tubes, but Iana is the largest one, stretching over 1,400 meters in total."]
[3860,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","動物","ドウクツミミズハゼ","どうくつみみずはぜ","Lucigobius albus","研究者たちは洞窟内部で様々な洞穴生物を発見しました。ハゼの小型な盲目種であるドウクツミミズハゼなど、どれも珍種やこの地特有の生物ばかりでした。ドウクツミミズハゼは絶滅危惧種に指定されており、日本国内では、ここともう一箇所にしか生息していません。","Within this structure, researchers have discovered a variety of cave creatures that are either rare or unique to this locale, such as the fish, Lucigobius albus, a small, blind species of goby, which is in danger of extinction. It has been discovered in only one other place in all of Japan."]
[3861,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","火山岩","かざんがん","volcanic rock","年貢米など、備蓄する穀物の保存状態を保つため、石蔵は玄武岩で作られています。玄武岩は火山岩の一種で、富江地区のいたる所に存在します。","To preserve the stocks of rice and other grains, the storehouse was built from basalt, a type of volcanic rock found in almost all of the Tomie area."]
[3862,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","動物","巻き貝","まきがい","spiral shells","ここで見られる岩の平らな表面には、ところどころに巻き貝や二枚貝の貝殻が埋まっています。岩の中で化石化した貝というだけでも珍しいのですが、ここの貝は淡水貝であるという特徴を持っています。","On many of the flat surfaces here you can see shells—spiral shells and flat (bivalve) shells. Fossilized shells buried within rocks are unusual to begin with, but these particular shells are from freshwater shellfish."]
[3863,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","動物","二枚貝","にまいがい","bivalve","ここで見られる岩の平らな表面には、ところどころに巻き貝や二枚貝の貝殻が埋まっています。岩の中で化石化した貝というだけでも珍しいのですが、ここの貝は淡水貝であるという特徴を持っています。","On many of the flat surfaces here you can see shells—spiral shells and flat (bivalve) shells. Fossilized shells buried within rocks are unusual to begin with, but these particular shells are from freshwater shellfish."]
[3864,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","動物","淡水貝","たんすいがい","freshwater shellfish","ここで見られる岩の平らな表面には、ところどころに巻き貝や二枚貝の貝殻が埋まっています。岩の中で化石化した貝というだけでも珍しいのですが、ここの貝は淡水貝であるという特徴を持っています。","On many of the flat surfaces here you can see shells—spiral shells and flat (bivalve) shells. Fossilized shells buried within rocks are unusual to begin with, but these particular shells are from freshwater shellfish."]
[3865,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","湖沼","淡水湖","たんすいこ","freshwater lake","このような貝の化石は、ここから近い長崎県内の他の場所でも見つかっており、学者たちはこの地を形成した土砂の地層が、かつて大陸の浅い淡水湖か淡水川の底に沈んでいたのではないかと考えています。","Similar shell fossils have been found in nearby sites in other parts of Nagasaki Prefecture, leading scholars to believe that the strata of dirt and sand that formed this land were once at the bottom of a shallow freshwater lake or river on the continent."]
[3866,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","河川・渓谷","淡水川","たんすいが","freshwater rive","このような貝の化石は、ここから近い長崎県内の他の場所でも見つかっており、学者たちはこの地を形成した土砂の地層が、かつて大陸の浅い淡水湖か淡水川の底に沈んでいたのではないかと考えています。","Similar shell fossils have been found in nearby sites in other parts of Nagasaki Prefecture, leading scholars to believe that the strata of dirt and sand that formed this land were once at the bottom of a shallow freshwater lake or river on the continent."]
[3867,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","千畳敷","せんじょうじき","Senjojiki Rocks","千畳敷は、黒い凝灰岩により作られた、広々とした空間です。凝灰岩とは、火山が噴出した灰や砂、小石が圧縮され形成されたものです。","The Senjojiki Rocks are a broad, open area of hardened black tuff made of compressed ash, sand, and small rocks expelled from a volcano,"]
[3868,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","凝灰岩","ぎょうかいがん","tuff","千畳敷は、黒い凝灰岩により作られた、広々とした空間です。凝灰岩とは、火山が噴出した灰や砂、小石が圧縮され形成されたものです。","The Senjojiki Rocks are a broad, open area of hardened black tuff made of compressed ash, sand, and small rocks expelled from a volcano,"]
[3869,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","泥岩","でいがん","mudstone","遥か昔、今日の五島列島に相当する地帯を構成する地殻の一部が変形し（地殻変動）、圧縮された泥岩と砂岩の層が下に押しやられました。","Ages ago, a section of the Earth’s crust in the area that is now the Goto Islands was deformed (diastrophism), and part of a compressed layer of mudstone and sandstone was forced downwards."]
[3870,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","砂岩","さがん\n（しゃがん）","sandstone","遥か昔、今日の五島列島に相当する地帯を構成する地殻の一部が変形し（地殻変動）、圧縮された泥岩と砂岩の層が下に押しやられました。","Ages ago, a section of the Earth’s crust in the area that is now the Goto Islands was deformed (diastrophism), and part of a compressed layer of mudstone and sandstone was forced downwards."]
[3871,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","自然現象","漣痕","れんこん","ripple\n（ripple mark）","長年にわたって堆積した土砂層から圧縮を受けたことにより、漣痕にはこのような模様が生じました。","Eons of pressure from accumulating layers of mud and sand pressed these ripple imprints into this pattern."]
[3872,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","温泉","緑色凝灰岩型\n（グリーンタフ型）","りょくしょくぎょうかいがん\n（ぐりーんたふがた）","green tuff","温泉の地質的な由来は様々で、荒川温泉は「緑色凝灰岩型（グリーンタフ型）」に分類されます。","Hot springs have different geological origins, and Arakawa is categorized as a “green tuff” type."]
[3873,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","その他","すけ漁","すけりょう","shallows fishing","富江の人々はこの漁を「すけ漁」と呼んでいました。","People in the Tomie area called this “shallows fishing.”"]
[3874,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","植物","シマシャジン","しましゃじん","shimashajin (Adenophora tashiroi)","日本のレディーベルであるシマシャジン（学名Adenophora tashiroi）は環境省により絶滅危惧種に指定されています。","The ladybell, shimashajin (Adenophora tashiroi) is classified as endangered by the Ministry of Environment."]
[3875,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","動物","ハチクマ","はちくま","Oriental honey buzzards (Pernis ptilorhynchus)\n\ncrested honey buzzards (Pernis ptilorhynchus)","秋にはハチクマ（学名ペルニス・プティロリュンクス）など、空を飛び抜ける渡り鳥の群れを見ることができ、大瀬崎の名物になっています。","The other attraction of Osezaki is the flocks of migrating birds that pass overhead in the fall, especially the Oriental or crested honey buzzards (Pernis ptilorhynchus)."]
[3876,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","パホイホイ溶岩","ぱほいほい溶岩","pahoehoe lava","多郎島で見られるパホイホイ溶岩は、複数の薄い層から成り、比較的ツヤがある硬い岩で構成されるという特徴を持っています。","On Tarojima Island we can see samples of pahoehoe lava, a type that is characterized by multiple thin layers of relatively smooth, hard rock."]
[3877,"長崎県","（西海国立公園）五島列島ジオパーク推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","花崗岩","かこうがん","granite","複数の場所で、花崗岩に細長い岩脈（大部分が玄武岩です）が蛇行している姿を見ることができます。","In several places you can see where long, narrow snakes of dykes (mostly basalt) have intruded themselves into blocks of granite."]
[3878,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","高原・湿原・原野","垂木台地","たるきだいち","Taruki Plateau ","平成新山ネイチャーセンターは1990 年から1995 年の普賢岳(1,359メートル)の噴火により垂木台地を荒廃させた巨大な溶岩石、岩、灰の上に 2003 年に建てられた。","The Heisei Shinzan Nature Center was built in 2003 on top of the lava, rock, and ash that covered the Taruki Plateau during the 1990–1995 eruptions of Mt. Fugen (1,359 m)."]
[3879,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","岩石・洞窟","諏訪の池断層","すわのいけだんそう","Suwanoike Fault ","時を経て、諏訪の池断層による地震で地面が別れ、南北の断崖となる割れ目ができた。","Over time, the Suwanoike Fault broke the land apart, creating a gap bounded by cliffs to the north and south. "]
[3880,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","山岳","火山土壌","かざんどじょう","volcanic soil","地上では、鉄分豊富な火山土壌は玉ねぎやいも類などの根菜類の生育に理想的であり、火山岩を細かく砕くと壁やテラスづくりに最適である。","On land, the mineral-rich volcanic soil is perfect for growing root vegetables like onions and potatoes. "]
[3881,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","建造物等","甲谷ダム","かんがいだむ","irrigation dam","江戸時代（1603 年 –1867 年）には地元の農民たちが境川に甲谷ダムを建て、諏訪の池を作った。","In the Edo period (1603–1867) local farmers built an irrigation dam on the Sakai River, creating Suwanoike Pond."]
[3882,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","河川・渓谷","地溝","ちこう","graben","半島の中心は北東の断層に並行に沈み始め、中心地域が引き離され、地溝に残った。（それらが引き離され、2つの断層の間に谷が形成された。）","The center of the peninsula began to sink as parallel faults to the north and south slowly pulled the central region apart, leaving behind a graben (a valley formed between two faults as they pull apart from each other). "]
[3883,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","山岳","立岩の峰","たていわのみね","Tateiwanomine","東に向かって普賢岳（1,359 m）と、立岩の峰、しまのみねの2つを合わせた3つの山が 4 千年から 5 千年前の連続的な噴火により形成された。","To the east are Mt. Fugen (1,359 m) and two peaks, Tateiwanomine and Shimanomine; all three were formed by consecutive eruptions 4,000 to 5,000 years ago."]
[3884,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","山岳","しまのみね","しまのみね","Shimanomine","東に向かって普賢岳（1,359 m）と、立岩の峰、しまのみねの2つを合わせた3つの山が 4 千年から 5 千年前の連続的な噴火により形成された。","To the east are Mt. Fugen (1,359 m) and two peaks, Tateiwanomine and Shimanomine; all three were formed by consecutive eruptions 4,000 to 5,000 years ago."]
[3885,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","山岳","カルデラ","かるでら","caldera","その後35万年のうちに、多くの火山が雲仙地溝に溶岩円頂丘を形成した。噴火によって発生する圧力で、火山は頻繁にそのマグマだまりの空隙に崩れ落ちカルデラを形成する。","With the pressure released after an eruption, these volcanoes would often collapse into their own emptied magma chambers and form calderas. "]
[3886,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","手水鉢","ちょうずばち","ancient stone washbasin","この池は、おそらく江戸時代（1603-1876年）に作られ、池の近くには手水鉢、ヒノキや杉の御神木がある。","The pond was likely created in the Edo period (1603–1867), and near the shore is an ancient stone washbasin, along with Japanese cypress and cedar trees."]
[3887,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","鳥居","とりい","torii gates ","山を登り始めると、参道に沿って多数の鳥居を通り抜ける。新しいものもあれば年月とともに朽ちてしまったものもある。","As you begin your hike up the mountain, you will pass countless torii gates erected along the path—some brand new, some falling apart with age. "]
[3888,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","人物・人名・役職名","みそ五郎","みそごろう","Misogorō","みそ五郎の話は雲仙と天草で伝わっている。","Stories about Misogorō are told all over Unzen and Amakusa."]
[3889,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","植物","ミヤマキリシマ（九州ツツジ）","みやまきりしま（きゅうしゅうつつじ）","miyama-kirishima, or Kyushu azalea","ミヤマキリシマ（九州ツツジ）は雲仙の偉大な自然の宝のひとつであり、5 月には赤紫の花が咲き乱れる。 ","The miyama-kirishima, or Kyushu azalea, one of Unzen’s greatest natural treasures, bursts with reddish-purple flowers in May. "]
[3890,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","レジャー・アクティビティ","九州自然歩道","きゅうしゅうしぜんほどう","Kyushu Nature Trail","山頂直前の九州自然歩道へと続く道は、緑が開け、絹笠山(870 m)、矢岳(970 m)、妙見岳(1,333 m)などの雲仙温泉近辺の眺めがあり、普賢岳(1,359 m)と平成新山(1,486 m)までもが少し見える。","Just before the summit, where this trail connects to the Kyushu Nature Trail, the foliage surrounding the trail opens up, revealing a view of the mountains around Unzen Onsen Town, including Mt. Kinugasa (870 m), Mt. Yadake (970 m), Mt. Myōken (1,333 m), and even part of Mt. Fugen (1,359 m) and Mt. Heisei Shinzan (1,486 m)."]
[3891,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","植物","ヒノキ","ひのき"," Japanese cypress trees","元々は宗教儀式の行われる場所であったことが、近くにある手水鉢とヒノキの御神木から察せられる。","Originally this side of the pond was a place for religious ceremonies, as evidenced by the stone washbasin and sacred Japanese cypress trees nearby. "]
[3892,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","動物","キビタキ","きびたき","narcissus flycatcher (Ficedula narcissina)","森の中では、胸部分の明るい黄で見分けられるキビタキ（Ficedula narcissina）や、さえずりというよりも羽根音のような鳴き声を出すコゲラ（Yungipicus kizuki）などの野鳥を見ることができる。","In the forest, you may see wild birds such as the narcissus flycatcher (Ficedula narcissina), which is identifiable by its bright yellow breast, and the Japanese pygmy woodpecker (Yungipicus kizuki), whose call resembles a buzz more than a song. "]
[3893,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","動物","コゲラ","こげら","Japanese pygmy woodpecker (Yungipicus kizuki)","森の中では、胸部分の明るい黄で見分けられるキビタキ（Ficedula narcissina）や、さえずりというよりも羽根音のような鳴き声を出すコゲラ（Yungipicus kizuki）などの野鳥を見ることができる。","In the forest, you may see wild birds such as the narcissus flycatcher (Ficedula narcissina), which is identifiable by its bright yellow breast, and the Japanese pygmy woodpecker (Yungipicus kizuki), whose call resembles a buzz more than a song. "]
[3894,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","山岳","雲仙山岳地域","うんぜんさんがくちいき","Unzen volcano cluster","絹笠山(870 m)の近くまでの道は雲仙でもとりわけやさしく、登りきると雲仙温泉、雲仙山岳地域、橘湾の壮大な光景に報われる。","The hike up nearby Mt. Kinugasa (870 m), one of the easiest in Unzen, rewards those who make the trek with a spectacular view of Unzen Onsen Town, the Unzen volcano cluster, and Tachibana Bay."]
[3895,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","温泉","八万地獄","はちまんじごく","Hachiman Jigoku or   Hachiman Hells","このエリアは八万地獄と呼ばれる。","This area is called the Hachiman Jigoku or the Hachiman Hells. "]
[3896,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","植物","ススキ","すすき","Japanese silver grass (Miscanthus sinensis)","徐々に、元は荒涼とした土地が回復している。ススキとアカマツがこの不毛の土地に戻りつつある。","Gradually, lands that were formerly inhospitable are reclaimed: Japanese silver grass (Miscanthus sinensis) and red pine (Pinus densiflora) are returning to this barren landscape."]
[3897,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","植物","アカマツ","あかまつ","red pine (Pinus densiflora)","徐々に、元は荒涼とした土地が回復している。ススキとアカマツがこの不毛の土地に戻りつつある。","Gradually, lands that were formerly inhospitable are reclaimed: Japanese silver grass (Miscanthus sinensis) and red pine (Pinus densiflora) are returning to this barren landscape."]
[3898,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","常世国","とこよのくに","tokoyo no kuni","この神は、温泉と農業、薬、海のかなたにある普遍の地である常世国の守護神である。","This kami is the patron deity of hot springs, as well as grain, medicine, and the tokoyo no kuni—an unchanging land of ever-present night that lies deep beneath the sea. "]
[3899,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","温泉","お糸地獄","おいとじごく","Oito Jigoku, or Oito Hell","これはお糸地獄と呼ばれ、地獄は「温泉」と「地獄」の二つを意味する。","This is the Oito Jigoku, or Oito Hell―the word jigoku has the double meaning of “hot spring” and “hell.” "]
[3900,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","史跡","キリシタン殉教碑","きりしたんじゅんきょうひ","Monument to Christian Martyrs","お糸地獄の上の丘に、キリシタン殉教碑（キリスト教殉教者のモニュメント）がある。","On the hill above Oito Hell is the Monument to Christian Martyrs."]
[3901,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","その他","植民地化","しょくみんちか","colonization","当初キリスト教は、ヨーロッパ人と関係を築き火器や貿易品を得るために必要だと考えられている一方、外国勢力による植民地化の手段だとも考えられていた。","While embracing Christianity was originally seen as a necessary step in establishing relations with Europeans and subsequently gaining access to firearms and other trade goods, but the religion came to be seen as a sign of eventual colonization by hostile foreign powers. "]
[3902,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","史跡","キリシタン","きりしたん","kirishitan","1590 年代まで、長崎は、「キリシタン」（日本語でこの外国の宗教への改修者を指す）の拠点であり、いくつかの教会とキリスト教の本を製作する印刷所がひとつできた。 ","By the 1590s, Nagasaki was a stronghold of the kirishitan (as they were called by the Japanese), and contained several churches and a Christian printing press."]
[3903,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","社会","島原の乱","しまばらのらん","Shimabara Rebellion","彼らは、それ以降続いた、島原の乱（1637 年～ 1638 年）で頂点となる宗教的大変動のなかで殺害された数千人のうちの最初の人々だった。","They were the first of thousands to be killed in the religious upheaval that followed, culminating in the disastrous Shimabara Rebellion (1637–1638)."]
[3904,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","建造物等","金箔","きんぱく","gold leaf ","1917 年に完成し、五層の金箔で覆われている寺の前に建つ多くの像の中の1つは行基の墓と信じられている。","It was assembled and covered with five layers of gold leaf in 1917. A collection of stones, one of which is believed to be Gyōki’s gravestone, stands in front of the temple. "]
[3905,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","温泉神社","おんせんじんじゃ","Onsen-jinja Shrine","四面宮は温泉神社とも呼ばれており、700 年代初めから雲仙にある。","Onsen-jinja Shrine, also called Shimengū Shrine, has existed on Unzen since the early 700s."]
[3906,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","温泉御四面神社","おんせんおしめんじんじゃ","Onsen–Shimen shrines","四面宮は島原半島にある 17 の小さな温泉御四面神社の総本宮である。","Shimengū is the head shrine of the 17 smaller Onsen–Shimen shrines on the Shimabara Peninsula. "]
[3907,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","その他","宗教的激変","しゅうきょうてきげきへん","religious upheaval","島原半島には宗教的激変の長い歴史がある。","The Shimabara Peninsula has a long history of religious upheaval. "]
[3908,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","織り交ぜられた信仰体系","おりまぜられたしんこうたいけい","interwoven belief system ","神道と仏教は、江戸時代（1603〜1867）に織り交ぜられた信仰体系として最も熟練されていたが、1868 年に、新しい明治政府は神道基盤の宗教を打ち立てるために、神仏分離を命じた。","Although Shinto and Buddhism were most commonly practiced as an interwoven belief system during the Edo period (1603–1867), in 1868 the new Meiji government ordered a separation of Buddhist elements from Shinto in order to establish Shinto as the state religion."]
[3909,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","建造物等","別所ダム","べっしょだむ","Bessho Dam","別所ダムの道をおしどりの池（Oshidori Pond）に沿って歩くと、杉林に続く石の鳥居の前に着く。","If you follow the road over Bessho Dam and along Oshidori Pond, you will arrive at a stone torii gate straddling the footpath into the cedar forest above."]
[3910,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","七福神","しちふくじん","Seven Lucky Gods","1420年頃までには七福神として信仰されるようになった。","By the 1420s, Daikokuten was venerated as part of the group of deities known as the Seven Lucky Gods."]
[3911,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","滝","一切経の滝","いっさいきょうのたき","Issaikyō Falls","一切経の滝は山の大きな寺社が集まる場所の一部であり、現在は満明寺が維持している。","Issaikyō Falls, which was part of the greater religious complex on the mountain, is now maintained by Manmyōji. "]
[3912,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","三鈷杵","さんこしょ","three-pointed vajra","真言宗の創設者空海(774–835)は、中国から三鈷杵（密教で使用される儀式的道具）を日本の方向に投げ、僧院を開くのに最適な場所が見つかるように願ったと言われている。","Kūkai (774–835), the monk who founded Shingon Buddhism, is said to have thrown a three-pointed vajra (a ritual object used in esoteric Buddhism) from China in the direction of Japan, hoping to find the best location for a monastery."]
[3913,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","建造物等","横木","よこぎ","crossbeams","石柱の横の額は元々鳥居の横木にかけられていたものだ。","The plaque next to the stone post would have originally hung from the crossbeams."]
[3914,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","鬼石","おにいし","Oni-Ishi, or “Demon Rock” ","旧八万地獄から少し歩くと鬼石に到達する。","A short walk from Hachiman Jigoku is the boulder called Oni-Ishi, or “Demon Rock.” "]
[3915,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","温泉","硫黄","いおう","sulfur","温泉に近づき、硫黄の臭いがし始めると、訪れた人はすぐに、ここが泡立ち地獄と呼ばれる理由を知ることができる。","As you get closer to the hot springs and begin to smell the sulfur in the air, it is easy to see why early visitors to this area called the bubbling pools jigoku, the Japanese word for “hell.” "]
[3916,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","植物","ネジキ","ねじき","lyonia","その他では赤い幹をねじらせた楕円形のネジキ、そしてブルーベリーと同じ仲間で、実がなる低木シャシャンボがある。","Other plants include the oval-leaved lyonia, with its twisting red trunks, and the fruit-bearing sea bilberry, a low shrub in the same family as blueberries."]
[3917,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","植物","シャシャンボ","しゃしゃんぼ","bilberry","その他では赤い幹をねじらせた楕円形のネジキ、そしてブルーベリーと同じ仲間で、実がなる低木シャシャンボがある。","Other plants include the oval-leaved lyonia, with its twisting red trunks, and the fruit-bearing sea bilberry, a low shrub in the same family as blueberries."]
[3918,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","三途の川","さんずのかわ","Sanzu River, or the “River of Three Crossings” ","たとえば右側に三途の川と呼ばれる川がある。","For example, to your right is a small stream called Sanzu River, or the “River of Three Crossings.” "]
[3919,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","温泉","大叫喚地獄だ","だいきょかんじごく","Daikyokan Jigoku, or “Great Howling Hell”","最も噴気が立ち上る場所には恐ろしい名前が付けられている。それは大叫喚地獄だ。","The most active of the Unzen hot springs also has the most intimidating name: Daikyokan Jigoku, or “Great Howling Hell.”"]
[3920,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","温泉","旧八万地獄","きゅうはちまんじごく","The Kyū-Hachiman Jigoku or “Old Hachiman Hell”","旧八万地獄はガスの噴出が止まり、原生沼は、元々地獄だったが、美しい沼地に変わった。","The Kyū-Hachiman Jigoku or “Old Hachiman Hell” has stopped emitting gas altogether, and the Gensei Marsh, a former jigoku, has turned into a beautiful marshland. "]
[3921,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","偶像崇拝","ぐうぞうすうはい","idolatry","他の仏像と同様に攻撃の中で首を切られた。それは新しいキリスト教では偶像崇拝と見なされたからだ。","Its head, like those of countless other Buddhist statues, was removed during the attacks because the statues were seen as idolatry by the new Christians. "]
[3922,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","史跡","真知子岩","まちこいわ","Machiko-iwa, or the Machiko Stone","これは真知子岩と呼ばれるものだ。","This is Machiko-iwa, or the Machiko Stone."]
[3923,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","食","温泉たまご","おんせんたまご","onsen eggs","左側には、地獄からの蒸気がクレーパイプを通っていて、「温泉たまご」を作るのに使われる。","On your left, steam from the jigoku is funneled through a clay pipe and used to cook onsen eggs. "]
[3924,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","温泉","雀地獄","すずめじごく","Suzume Jigoku, or Sparrow Hell","これは雀地獄の音で、漏れた蒸気が小鳥の鳴き声に似ていると伝えられている。","That is the sound of the small Suzume Jigoku, or Sparrow Hell, whose escaping steam is said to sound like the chirping of small birds."]
[3925,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","動物","ハンミョウ","はんみょう","hanmyō, or Japanese tiger beetle","そのうちのひとつにハンミョウがある。","One is the hanmyō, or Japanese tiger beetle, whose scientific name is Cicindela japconica. "]
[3926,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","その他","孝行","こうこう","filial piety","なぜかというと、子供たちは十分な善い行い、特に孝行が出来なかったからだ。","(…) because they have not performed enough good acts—in particular, acts of filial piety. "]
[3927,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","賽の河原","さいのかわら","Sai no Kawara","捕えられて、賽の河原という砂の河原に裸で座って、両親を敬うただ一つの手段として、延々と小石を積み上げて塔を作る。","Trapped, they sit naked along a sandy beach called the Sai no Kawara. Their only way of honoring their parents is to endlessly stack small stones into towers that are soon knocked down by the demons who torment them."]
[3928,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","おしめん","おしめん","Oshimen","おしめんの総本宮だが、おしめんとは、島原半島一体で地域と温泉を守るとして、崇拝されていた四面の神だ。","This is the head shrine of the Oshimen, four gods associated with Shinto who are worshipped across the Shimabara Peninsula as protectors of the region and its hot springs."]
[3929,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大仏","だいぶつ","daibutsu","この像は、日本中にたくさんある大仏、仏陀の大きな銅像の一つである。"," This 5-meter-tall statue is just one of many daibutsu, or large statues of the Buddha, located across Japan."]
[3930,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","組織・団体","郷土史料保存会","きょうどしりょうほぞんかい","local historical preservation society","1857年雲仙に生まれ、1908年島原鉄道株式会社を設立、1940年島原市初代市長、郷土史料保存会会長を務めた。","He became the first mayor of the city of Shimabara in 1940, and also served as chairman of a local historical preservation society. "]
[3931,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","自然現象","火砕流","かさいりゅう","pyroclastic flow","1991年6月3日、火砕流が起こり、43人が死亡し、2,000軒以上の家屋が破壊された。","On June 3, 1991, the volcano erupted, causing a pyroclastic flow that killed 43 people and destroyed more than 2,000 homes."]
[3932,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","植物","ミズゴケ(ピートモス)","みずごけ（ぴーどもす）","sphagnum (peat moss)","まず、状態が改善したことで、ミズゴケ(ピートモス)が素早く繁殖した。","First, as conditions improved, sphagnum (peat moss) quickly covered the whole area. "]
[3933,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","植物","モウセンゴケ","もうせんごけ","sundew","現在、花を咲かせるツツジから食虫のモウセンゴケやカキツバタまで、広範な植物が沼地に生息している。","Today, the marsh is home to a wide variety of plants, from flowering Japanese azaleas to insect-eating sundews and rabbit-ear irises. "]
[3934,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","植物","カキツバタ","かくつばた","rabbit-ear iris (also Japanese iris)","現在、花を咲かせるツツジから食虫のモウセンゴケやカキツバタまで、広範な植物が沼地に生息している。","Today, the marsh is home to a wide variety of plants, from flowering Japanese azaleas to insect-eating sundews and rabbit-ear irises. "]
[3935,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","植物","イヌツゲ","いぬつげ","Japanese holly (or box-leaved holly)","矢岳への登山道では、山の上層部を形成する雲仙原産のスギやヒノキを目にすることができ、下層部では特に、イヌツゲ、ハナショウガ、有名なミヤマキリシマが生育している。","The trail up Yadake is an excellent introduction to the native plants of Unzen: Japanese cedar and cypress form the canopy of the forest; Japanese holly, wild ginger, miyama-kirishima azaleas, and many other native plants grow below."]
[3936,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","植物","ハナショウガ","はなしょうが","wild ginger","矢岳への登山道では、山の上層部を形成する雲仙原産のスギやヒノキを目にすることができ、下層部では特に、イヌツゲ、ハナショウガ、有名なミヤマキリシマが生育している。","The trail up Yadake is an excellent introduction to the native plants of Unzen: Japanese cedar and cypress form the canopy of the forest; Japanese holly, wild ginger, miyama-kirishima azaleas, and many other native plants grow below."]
[3937,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","植物","ハナミズキ","はなみずき","dogwood","山の上層部はスギ、ヒノキ、ハナミズキで形成されている。","Japanese cedar, cypress, and dogwood form the forest canopy. "]
[3938,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","動物","ウグイス","うぐいす","Japanese bush warbler (uguisu)","雲仙の森は鳥でいっぱいだ。ウグイス、様々なシジュウカラ、キビタキ、メジロなどすべての鳴き声を山道で聞くことができる。","Numerous birds inhabit the woods of Unzen; the Japanese bush warbler (uguisu), narcissus flycatcher (kibitaki), and Japanese white eye (mejiro), among many others, can all be heard and seen on the mountain trail."]
[3939,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","動物","メジロ","めじろ","Japanese white eye (mejiro)","雲仙の森は鳥でいっぱいだ。ウグイス、様々なシジュウカラ、キビタキ、メジロなどすべての鳴き声を山道で聞くことができる。","Numerous birds inhabit the woods of Unzen; the Japanese bush warbler (uguisu), narcissus flycatcher (kibitaki), and Japanese white eye (mejiro), among many others, can all be heard and seen on the mountain trail."]
[3940,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","岩石・洞窟","千々石断層","ちぢわだんそう","Chijiwa Fault","ここから北西に、千々石断層が島原半島と残りの長崎県都を視覚的に分ける橘湾が見える。","From here, Tachibana Bay should be visible to the northwest, where the Chijiwa Fault creates a visible line between the Shimabara Peninsula and the rest of Nagasaki Prefecture."]
[3941,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","自然現象","地殻変動","ちかくへんどう","tectonic movement ","この地殻変動が地震の主な原因となっている。","This tectonic movement is the main cause of earthquakes. "]
[3942,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","岩石・洞窟","金浜断層","かなはまだんそう","Kanahama Fault","半島の中央部では、北の千々石断層と南の金浜断層の間で、プレートが離れてゆっくりと沈み込んでいる。","The middle section of the peninsula between the Chijiwa Fault in the north and the Kanahama Fault in the south is slowly sinking as the plates on either side of it move away from each other. "]
[3943,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","その他","僻地","へきち","backwater","きわめて長い間、雲仙と島原は権力の場からは遠く離れた僻地であった。","But for a very long time, Shimabara was a backwater, far removed from places of power. "]
[3944,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","郷土景観","棚畑","たなばたけ","terraced farm (tanabatake)","この地域の段々畑のすばらしい景色を楽しめる展望地点。棚畑は日本有数のジャガイモの生産地のひとつである。","This lookout point offers a majestic view of the region’s terraced farms (tanabatake). The southern half of Shimabara is one of Japan’s greatest potato-producing regions! "]
[3945,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","社会","島原大変","しまばらたいへん","Shimabara Catastrophe","1792 年の島原大変は日本の歴史上最悪の火山災害であった。","The Shimabara Catastrophe of 1792 was the worst volcanic disaster in Japanese history. "]
[3946,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","社会","肥後迷惑","ひごめいわく","Higo’s Cataclysm","この災害は被害の甚大さに関連して「島原大変肥後迷惑」として知られている。","The disaster is now often referred to as Shimabara taihen, Higo meiwaku meaning “Shimabara’s Catastrophe, Higo’s Cataclysm.” "]
[3947,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","植物","イチョウの木","いちょうのき","ginkgo tree ","火砕流で焼けた一本のイチョウの木が再び成長し、現在は学校の運動場だった場所を覆っている。","A ginkgo tree that was burned by the pyroclastic flow has regrown and now shades the former playground of the school."]
[3948,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","史跡","古墳","こふん","burial mound, or kofun","「古墳(kofun )」と呼ばれる巨大な墓がおよそ300年から540年の間に日本で作られていた。","Huge burial mounds called kofun were built in ancient Japan between about 300 and 540 CE. "]
[3949,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","食","雑煮","ぞうに","zōni soup","日本では一般的な雑煮ですが、島原具雑煮には具材がたくさん入っている。","Zōni soups are quite common in Japan, but this version packs many ingredients into one bowl."]
[3950,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","食","流しそうめん","ながしそうめん","nagashi sōmen, or “flowing noodles”","そうめんを食べる最も楽しい方法のひとつは「流しそうめん」だ。地元の湧水で満たされた竹樋に茹でたそうめんが入れられ、流れてくると箸で捕まえて食べるのである。","One of the most delightful ways to eat them is as nagashi sōmen, or “flowing noodles,” where the cooked noodles are placed in a bamboo chute with water running down it."]
[3951,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","食","竹樋","たけどい","bamboo chute","そうめんを食べる最も楽しい方法のひとつは「流しそうめん」だ。地元の湧水で満たされた竹樋に茹でたそうめんが入れられ、流れてくると箸で捕まえて食べるのである。","One of the most delightful ways to eat them is as nagashi sōmen, or “flowing noodles,” where the cooked noodles are placed in a bamboo chute with water running down it."]
[3952,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","岩石・洞窟","玄武岩","げんぶがん","basalt rocks","これが主に南に見られる細かい黄色い土となった。さらに火山が成長し続けるにつれて、溶岩流が空気中で冷やされ、赤褐色の玄武岩が形成された。","As the volcano continued to grow, lava flows cooled in the air, forming large reddish-brown basalt rocks. "]
[3953,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","海岸・岬","海峡","かいきょう","strait","海峡が狭く深いため漁業には素晴らしい環境となっている。","The narrowness and depth of the strait creates an excellent environment for fishing. "]
[3954,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","岩石・洞窟","砕屑物","さいせつぶつ","white pumice","巨大噴火により熱気波、灰、砕屑物がかなり遠くまで飛散し、現在は有明海の外に突如立ち上がるかのように見える尾根となった。","A massive eruption sent a wave of hot gas, ash, and white pumice an incredible distance, creating a ridge that today seems to rise suddenly out of the Ariake Sea. "]
[3955,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","芸能・興行・イベント","紙芝居","かみしばい","kamishibai","紙芝居の手法で語られるマルチメディアプレゼンテーションを通して 1792 年の島原の大惨事について学べる一方で、インタラクティブな展示で火山モニタリングと防災のハイテクワールドが紹介されている。 ","A kamishibai-style multimedia presentation teaches visitors about the Shimabara Catastrophe of 1792, while interactive exhibits introduce them to the high-tech world of volcanic monitoring and protection."]
[3956,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","食","かんざらし","かんざらし","kanzarashi","また、地元の名産品、「かんざらし」という団子の材料でもある。","It is also an essential ingredient in kanzarashi, a local delicacy of soft mochi rice cakes topped with syrup."]
[3957,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","その他","石干見","いしひみ、いしひび","ishihibi or  ishihimi","この石垣は石干見（いしひみ、いしひび）と呼ばれ、スクイ（すくうこと）と呼ばれる伝統漁法の基礎部分だ。","This enclosure, called an ishihibi or an ishihimi, is a fundamental part of a traditional method of fishing called sukui, literally “scooping.”"]
[3958,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","その他","スクイ","すくい","sukui","この石垣は石干見（いしひみ、いしひび）と呼ばれ、スクイ（すくうこと）と呼ばれる伝統漁法の基礎部分だ。","This enclosure, called an ishihibi or an ishihimi, is a fundamental part of a traditional method of fishing called sukui, literally “scooping.”"]
[3959,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","湖沼","砂防ダム","さぼうだむ","sabō","上流の大きな砂防ダムは将来に備え土石流を閉じ込め流れを調整するために建てられた。","Upstream, large dams known as sabō were constructed to capture and redirect future debris flows."]
[3960,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","植物","タブノキ","たぶのき","Machilus thunbergii, or tabunoki","この木は、タブノキという日本原産の世界最大級の月桂樹の標本である。","This tree is a specimen of one of the world’s largest laurel trees, Machilus thunbergii, called tabunoki in Japanese, which is native to Japan. "]
[3961,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","岩石・洞窟","火成岩","かせいがん","igneous rock","肥沃な火山性土壌は多種多様な作物に適した環境を作り出し、多くの火成岩は壁や段々畑の作成に適している。","Fertile volcanic soil creates the perfect environment for a wide variety of crops, and the many igneous rocks are perfect for building walls and terraced farms. "]
[3962,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","社会","石","こく","koku","江戸時代（1603 年 - 1867 年）には、裕福さはひとりの成人が一年に食べるのに必要な米の量を表わす「石」で測られていた。","During the Edo period (1603–1867), wealth was measured in koku of rice. A koku was equivalent to about 5 bushels, or approximately the amount of rice needed to feed one person for one year."]
[3963,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","温泉","硫黄含有量","いおうがんゆうりょう","hydrogen sulfide content","例えば、小浜で温泉となるものは硫黄含有量が高く非常に高温で、一方島原の水はより温度が低く鉄分が多い。","This is what causes the onsen in Obama to be quite hot with a high hydrogen sulfide content, while the water of the hot springs in Shimabara is cooler and contains more iron. "]
[3964,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","植物","ヤマツツジ","やまつつじ","yama-tsutsuji","別の種であるヤマツツジは、赤みがかったオレンジの花を 6 月に咲かせ、少なくても数カ月は美しい花々を咲かせ続ける。","The yama-tsutsuji, another species of azalea, blooms with reddish-orange flowers in June, ensuring at least several months of beautiful flowers."]
[3965,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","植物","ツツジ","つつじ","azalea","ツツジは雲仙で高い評価を受けている。","Azaleas, called tsutsuji in Japanese, are prized in Unzen. "]
[3966,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","植物","櫨","はぜ","wax-tree fruit (haze) ","木を砕いて抽出した蝋の実(櫨)や、今も使われている昔ながらの機械を見ることができる。","You can see the wax-tree fruit (haze) which are crushed to extract the wax, and the classic machinery that is still used to this day. "]
[3967,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","温泉","銭湯","せんとう","sentō,or public bath","銭湯は標準的な公共浴場の呼び名で、観光地としてはあまり見られず、主に日常的な利用を目的としている。","Sentō is the term for standard public baths, which heat their own water and are rarely seen as a tourist destination, being mainly geared toward daily use. "]
[3968,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）（一社）島原半島観光連盟","工芸・美術品","和蝋燭","わろうそく","warōsoku candles","木蝋工業所は伝統的な和蝋燭を製造している日本でも数少ない場所のひとつである。","The Honda Mokurō Workshop is one of the few places in Japan still producing traditional warōsoku candles made from the Japanese wax tree. "]
[3969,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）一般社団法人島原半島観光連盟","自然現象","霧氷","むひょう","rime ice","一年を通して自然の美しさが楽しめる雲仙では、春の満開時には斜面が一面ツツジの花で覆われ、冬には山林の木々がダイヤモンドのようにキラキラ輝く、霧氷という稀少な現象を目にすることができます。","Come to Unzen, a destination of natural beauty year-round, from the azalea-blanketed slopes in full spring bloom to the rare winter phenomenon of rime ice that glitters diamond-like on the branches of the mountain forests."]
[3970,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）一般社団法人島原半島観光連盟","植物","ヤマボウシ","やまぼうし"," Japanese dogwood","春には一面ツツジの花で覆われ、初夏にはヤマボウシで斜面が真っ白に染まります。","In the spring, a wide variety of azalea blossoms blanket the mountain slopes in pink, and the Japanese dogwood trees turn the slopes white in early summer."]
[3971,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）一般社団法人島原半島観光連盟","人物・人名・役職名","行基","ぎょうき","Gyoki","701年に僧侶の行基が満明寺を開いてからというもの、雲仙は長きにわたり人気の観光スポットとして栄えてきました。","Unzen has long been a favored destination for visitors since the priest Gyoki established the Manmyoji Temple in 701."]
[3972,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）一般社団法人島原半島観光連盟","動物","キビタキ","きびたき","narcissus flycatcher","ここには、オスの上面の黒色と胸元の鮮やかなオレンジ色の模様が特徴のキビタキや、求愛時の独特な鳴き声からジャパニーズ・ナイチンゲールとも呼ばれていたウグイスを始めとする、地域の在来種や渡り鳥が頻繁に訪れます。","Among them are the narcissus flycatcher, the males of which feature a distinctive pattern of a black crown and bright orange throat, and the Japanese bush warbler, whose distinctive mating call once led it to be called the Japanese nightingale."]
[3973,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）一般社団法人島原半島観光連盟","動物","ウグイス","うぐいす","Japanese bush warbler","ここには、オスの上面の黒色と胸元の鮮やかなオレンジ色の模様が特徴のキビタキや、求愛時の独特な鳴き声からジャパニーズ・ナイチンゲールとも呼ばれていたウグイスを始めとする、地域の在来種や渡り鳥が頻繁に訪れます。","Among them are the narcissus flycatcher, the males of which feature a distinctive pattern of a black crown and bright orange throat, and the Japanese bush warbler, whose distinctive mating call once led it to be called the Japanese nightingale."]
[3974,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）一般社団法人島原半島観光連盟","動物","シジュウカラ","しじゅうから","tit","ロープウェイの山麓側の駅から25分間、歩きやすい道をたどると野鳥観察エリアがあり、シジュウカラやキビタキ、オオルリ、ウグイスを始めとする地域の在来種や渡り鳥が頻繁に見られます。","An easy 25-minute walk from the lower ropeway station is a bird-watching area frequented by tits, narcissus flycatchers, blue-and-white flycatchers, and Japanese bush warblers among the local and migratory birds."]
[3975,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）一般社団法人島原半島観光連盟","動物","オオルリ","おおるり"," blue-and-white flycatchers","ロープウェイの山麓側の駅から25分間、歩きやすい道をたどると野鳥観察エリアがあり、シジュウカラやキビタキ、オオルリ、ウグイスを始めとする地域の在来種や渡り鳥が頻繁に見られます。","An easy 25-minute walk from the lower ropeway station is a bird-watching area frequented by tits, narcissus flycatchers, blue-and-white flycatchers, and Japanese bush warblers among the local and migratory birds."]
[3976,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）一般社団法人島原半島観光連盟","動物","ヒタキ","ひたき","flycatcher","緑豊かな自然林には非常に多様な木や植物が茂り、シジョウカラやウグイス、ヒタキなど、多くの鳥類の生息地となっています。","The lush, natural forests host a wide variety of trees and other foliage, home to many birds, including tits, warblers, and flycatchers."]
[3977,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）一般社団法人島原半島観光連盟","植物","ミヤマキリシマ","みやまきりしま","Kyushu azalea","このエリア各地に広がるのが、火山ガスに負けず過酷な環境でも育つツツジの、ミヤマキリシマです。","The Kyushu azaleas which spread over much of this area are hardy plants that can grow under difficult environmental conditions and are resistant to volcanic gases."]
[3978,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）一般社団法人島原半島観光連盟","社会","島原の乱","しまばらのらん","Shimabara Rebellion","1637年、重い年貢・キリシタン迫害に不満を募らせた者たちが一体となって起こした島原の乱は、この半島から始まりました。","It was from this peninsula that the Shimabara Rebellion was launched in 1637 by a coalition of those disgruntled by higher taxes and the persecution of Catholics."]
[3979,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）一般社団法人島原半島観光連盟","岩石・洞窟","パン皮状火山弾","ぱんかわじょうかざんだん","breadcrust bombs","これには、最近の噴火で放出された、表面のひび割れた石ころ、別名「パン皮状火山弾」も含まれます。","including “breadcrust bombs”—stones with a cracked surface that were tossed out in the recent eruption."]
[3980,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）一般社団法人島原半島観光連盟","山岳","桜島","さくらじま","Mt. Sakurajima","よく晴れた日には阿蘇山や、時には140何km離れた、南九州の桜島から立ち上る火山の噴煙も見えます。","On clear days, Mt. Aso is visible, and sometimes the volcanic plume from Mt. Sakurajima in southern Kyushu can be seen, some 140 kilometers away!","※火山としての桜島の場合。火山としてではない場合はSakurajimaで、現在は本土とつながっているためislandはつかない"]
[3981,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）一般社団法人島原半島観光連盟","動物","ヤマガラ","やまがら","varied tit","シジュウカラ属の一員ですが、ヤマガラは同属の他の鳥とは大きく異なります。","While a member of the tit family, the varied tit is quite different than the others."]
[3982,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）一般社団法人島原半島観光連盟","人物・人名・役職名","遠藤周作","えんどうしゅうさく","Endo Shusaku","長崎と島原半島のキリシタン弾圧は、著名な作家である遠藤周作（1923〜1996年）の小説『沈黙』に着想を与え、マーティン・スコセッシにより映画化されました。","The oppression of Nagasaki and Shimabara Peninsula Christians is the inspiration behind Silence, the novel by renowned author Endo Shusaku (1923–1996) that was made into a film by Martin Scorsese."]
[3983,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）一般社団法人島原半島観光連盟","食","湯せんぺい","ゆせんべい","yusempei","また温泉水は、甘すぎずサクサクしておいしい地元の煎餅、湯せんぺいの生地を作るのにも使われています。","Water from the hot springs is also used in making the batter of yusempei, a tasty, crispy, not-too-sweet local version of the ubiquitous senbei rice crackers."]
[3984,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）一般社団法人島原半島観光連盟","人物・人名・役職名","有馬晴信","ありまはるのぶ","Arima Harunobu","キリシタン大名の有馬晴信にいたっては、40以上もの大小の神社と寺院の完全破壊を命じています。","The Christian daimyo Arima Harunobu ordered over forty large and small Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples completely destroyed."]
[3985,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）一般社団法人島原半島観光連盟","人物・人名・役職名","宮本武蔵","みやもとむさし","Miyamoto Musashi","剣豪の宮本武蔵を含む120,000人の幕府討伐軍が仕掛けた長期の包囲攻撃により、一揆軍は1638年4月15日に敗北します。","After a long siege by 120,000 soldiers of the Shogunate forces (including the master swordsman, Miyamoto Musashi), the rebels were routed on April 15, 1638."]
[3986,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）一般社団法人島原半島観光連盟","組織・団体","上海共同租界","しゃんはいきょうどうそかい","Shanghai’s International Settlement","そして1890年に上海の新聞で雲仙が紹介され、上海と長崎を結ぶフェリーにより交通の便がさらに良くなると、上海共同租界からの観光客が増加。","Traffic from Shanghai’s International Settlement increased after a local newspaper introduced Unzen to its readers in 1890, and the beginning of a ferry service between Shanghai and Nagasaki further improved access."]
[3987,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）一般社団法人島原半島観光連盟","人物・人名・役職名","ヘレン・ケラー","へれんけらー","Helen Keller","ヘレン・ケラーや蒋介石、インドの詩人ラビンドラナート・タゴールなどの有名人も雲仙を訪れています。","Eminent visitors, such as Helen Keller and Chiang Kai-Shek, made their way here, as did the Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore."]
[3988,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）一般社団法人島原半島観光連盟","人物・人名・役職名","蒋介石","しょうかいせき","Chiang Kai-Shek","ヘレン・ケラーや蒋介石、インドの詩人ラビンドラナート・タゴールなどの有名人も雲仙を訪れています。","Eminent visitors, such as Helen Keller and Chiang Kai-Shek, made their way here, as did the Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore."]
[3989,"長崎県","（雲仙天草国立公園）一般社団法人島原半島観光連盟","人物・人名・役職名","ラビンドラナート・タゴール","らびんどらなーとたごーる","Rabindranath Tagore","ヘレン・ケラーや蒋介石、インドの詩人ラビンドラナート・タゴールなどの有名人も雲仙を訪れています。","Eminent visitors, such as Helen Keller and Chiang Kai-Shek, made their way here, as did the Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore."]
[3990,"長崎県・熊本県 ","（西海国立公園）九十九島ビジターセンター運営協議会","島しょ","九十九島","くじゅうくしま","Kujukushima","九十九島の海岸線は延べ約353キロメートルにおよび、そのうち81.5%が開発されていない自然海岸です。","The coastline of the Kujukushima area totals some 353 kilometers, 81.5 percent of which remain wild and untouched by development, much higher than the national average."]
[3991,"長崎県・熊本県 ","（西海国立公園）九十九島ビジターセンター運営協議会","動物","カブトガニ","かぶとがに","horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus)","九十九島の砂浜や潟には、しばしば生きた化石と呼ばれるカブトガニ（Tachypleus tridentatus）などの生物が生息しています。","The sandy beaches and lagoons of Kujukushima are home to creatures like the horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus), often referred to as a living fossil."]
[3992,"長崎県・熊本県 ","（西海国立公園）九十九島ビジターセンター運営協議会","動物","シオヤガイ","しおやがい","Anomalocardia squamosa","泥の多い場所では、シオヤガイ（Anomalocardia squamosai）という小さな白い二枚貝と同様、日本の主要四島ではほぼ絶滅している、肺呼吸をするドロアワモチ（Onchidium hongkongensis）を見かけるかもしれません。ハクセンシオマネキ（Uca lactea）やコメツキガニ（Ilyoplax pusilla）のような希少な甲殻類も海岸線沿いを駆けまわります。","In muddier areas, visitors may come across the air-breathing sea slug (Onchidium hongkongensis), which is nearly extinct on the four main islands of Japan, as is the tiny white clam Anomalocardia squamosa. Rare crustaceans, like the milky fiddler crab (Uca lactea) and dotillid crab (Ilyoplax pusilla), also scurry along the shoreline. "]
[3993,"長崎県・熊本県 ","（西海国立公園）九十九島ビジターセンター運営協議会","動物","ドロアワモチ","どろあわもち","Onchidium hongkongensis","泥の多い場所では、シオヤガイ（Anomalocardia squamosai）という小さな白い二枚貝と同様、日本の主要四島ではほぼ絶滅している、肺呼吸をするドロアワモチ（Onchidium hongkongensis）を見かけるかもしれません。ハクセンシオマネキ（Uca lactea）やコメツキガニ（Ilyoplax pusilla）のような希少な甲殻類も海岸線沿いを駆けまわります。","In muddier areas, visitors may come across the air-breathing sea slug (Onchidium hongkongensis), which is nearly extinct on the four main islands of Japan, as is the tiny white clam Anomalocardia squamosa. Rare crustaceans, like the milky fiddler crab (Uca lactea) and dotillid crab (Ilyoplax pusilla), also scurry along the shoreline. "]
[3994,"長崎県・熊本県 ","（西海国立公園）九十九島ビジターセンター運営協議会","動物","ハクセンシオマネキ","はくせんしおねまき","milky fiddler crab (Uca lactea)","泥の多い場所では、シオヤガイ（Anomalocardia squamosai）という小さな白い二枚貝と同様、日本の主要四島ではほぼ絶滅している、肺呼吸をするドロアワモチ（Onchidium hongkongensis）を見かけるかもしれません。ハクセンシオマネキ（Uca lactea）やコメツキガニ（Ilyoplax pusilla）のような希少な甲殻類も海岸線沿いを駆けまわります。","In muddier areas, visitors may come across the air-breathing sea slug (Onchidium hongkongensis), which is nearly extinct on the four main islands of Japan, as is the tiny white clam Anomalocardia squamosa. Rare crustaceans, like the milky fiddler crab (Uca lactea) and dotillid crab (Ilyoplax pusilla), also scurry along the shoreline. "]
[3995,"長崎県・熊本県 ","（西海国立公園）九十九島ビジターセンター運営協議会","動物","コメツキガニ","コメツキガニ","dotillid crab (Ilyoplax pusilla)","泥の多い場所では、シオヤガイ（Anomalocardia squamosai）という小さな白い二枚貝と同様、日本の主要四島ではほぼ絶滅している、肺呼吸をするドロアワモチ（Onchidium hongkongensis）を見かけるかもしれません。ハクセンシオマネキ（Uca lactea）やコメツキガニ（Ilyoplax pusilla）のような希少な甲殻類も海岸線沿いを駆けまわります。","In muddier areas, visitors may come across the air-breathing sea slug (Onchidium hongkongensis), which is nearly extinct on the four main islands of Japan, as is the tiny white clam Anomalocardia squamosa. Rare crustaceans, like the milky fiddler crab (Uca lactea) and dotillid crab (Ilyoplax pusilla), also scurry along the shoreline. "]
[3996,"長崎県・熊本県 ","（西海国立公園）九十九島ビジターセンター運営協議会","植物","コウボウムギ","こうぼうむぎ","Japanese sedge (Carex kobomugi)","九十九島は、コウボウムギ（Carex kobomugi）やコウボウシバ(Carex pumila)など、砂質の土壌に生育して砂丘を安定させる希少種・絶滅危惧種の植物にとっても重要な環境です。 ","Kujukushima is an important environment for rare and endangered plants as well, including Japanese sedge (Carex kobomugi) and dwarf sedge (Carex pumila), which grow in sandy areas and are instrumental in stabilizing dunes. "]
[3997,"長崎県・熊本県 ","（西海国立公園）九十九島ビジターセンター運営協議会","植物","コウボウシバ","こうぼうしば","dwarf sedge (Carex pumila)","九十九島は、コウボウムギ（Carex kobomugi）やコウボウシバ(Carex pumila)など、砂質の土壌に生育して砂丘を安定させる希少種・絶滅危惧種の植物にとっても重要な環境です。 ","Kujukushima is an important environment for rare and endangered plants as well, including Japanese sedge (Carex kobomugi) and dwarf sedge (Carex pumila), which grow in sandy areas and are instrumental in stabilizing dunes. "]
[3998,"長崎県・熊本県 ","（西海国立公園）九十九島ビジターセンター運営協議会","植物","ハママツナ","はままつな","herbaceous seepweed (Suaeda maritima)","天然の浜には、塩性湿地に生育するハママツナ（Suaeda maritima）やハマサジ（Limonium tetragonum）などの植物があちらこちらに生えています。","The natural beaches are dotted with plants, including herbaceous seepweed (Suaeda maritima) and autumn statice (Limonium tetragonum), both salt marsh dwellers."]
[3999,"長崎県・熊本県 ","（西海国立公園）九十九島ビジターセンター運営協議会","植物","ハマサジ","はまさじ","autumn statice (Limonium tetragonum)","天然の浜には、塩性湿地に生育するハママツナ（Suaeda maritima）やハマサジ（Limonium tetragonum）などの植物があちらこちらに生えています。","The natural beaches are dotted with plants, including herbaceous seepweed (Suaeda maritima) and autumn statice (Limonium tetragonum), both salt marsh dwellers."]
[4000,"長崎県・熊本県 ","（西海国立公園）九十九島ビジターセンター運営協議会","動物","アコヤガイ","あこやがい","Akoya pearl oysters (Pinctada fucata)","20世紀初頭から、人工的にきれいな球状の色付き真珠を生産するため、アコヤガイ（Pinctada fucata）に手作業で核を入れて養殖しています","Since the early twentieth century, Akoya pearl oysters (Pinctada fucata) have been artificially seeded by hand, starting the production of perfectly shaped and colored pearls."]
[4001,"長崎県・熊本県 ","（西海国立公園）九十九島ビジターセンター運営協議会","その他","イカシバ","いかしば","Ikashiba","イカシバという伝統的なイカ漁法：漁師は藻場のように見える木の枝を使って産卵するイカを網におびき寄せます。","Ikashiba, a traditional method of squid fishing. Fishermen use tree branches, which squid mistake for seaweed beds, to attract spawning squid into a trap net."]
[4002,"長崎県・熊本県 ","（西海国立公園）九十九島ビジターセンター運営協議会","河川・渓谷","佐々川","ささがわ","Sazagawa River","おおまかに、これは佐々川の河口に対する位置に関連しています。","Generally speaking, these correspond to their position relative to the mouth of the Sazagawa River."]
[4003,"長崎県・熊本県 ","（西海国立公園）九十九島ビジターセンター運営協議会","植物","トビカズラ","とびかずら","tobikazura (Mucuna sempervirens)","例えば、2000年に行われたトコイ島という無人島の調査では、トビカズラ（Mucuna sempervirens）と呼ばれる花を咲かせる蔓の存在が明らかになりました。","For example, a 2000 survey of the uninhabited island of Tokoi uncovered the presence of a flowering vine called tobikazura (Mucuna sempervirens)."]
[4004,"長崎県・熊本県 ","（西海国立公園）九十九島ビジターセンター運営協議会","島しょ","トコイ島","とこいじま","Tokoi Island","天然の森林環境で開花するこの希少な顕花植物は、トコイ島の植物調査中に発見されました。","This rare flowering plant blooms in natural wooded settings, and was found during a botanical survey of Tokoi Island."]
[4005,"長崎県・熊本県 ","（西海国立公園）九十九島ビジターセンター運営協議会","植物","カノコユリ","かのこゆり","kanoko yuri","日本語ではカノコユリと呼ばれるこのユリ科の植物の定期調査。","A regular investigation of this member of the lily family, known as kanoko yuri in Japanese."]
[4006,"長崎県・熊本県 ","（西海国立公園）九十九島ビジターセンター運営協議会","河川・渓谷","相浦川","あいのうらがわ","Ainouragawa River","九十九島の沿岸地域では、佐々川や相浦川をはじめとする河川が、森から養分を豊富に含んだ水を海に運び、多様な海の生物を養います。","In the coastal areas of Kujukushima, the Sazagawa River, the Ainouragawa River, and other rivers carry nutrient-rich waters from the forests into the ocean, sustaining a wide range of ocean life."]
[4007,"長崎県・熊本県 ","（西海国立公園）九十九島ビジターセンター運営協議会","食","ヒジキ","ひじき","hijiki","春は、日本料理でよく使われるホンダワラ科の海藻の一種であるヒジキの採集と加工のシーズンです。","Spring is the season for collecting and preparing hijiki, a type of seaweed from the sargassum family that is commonly used in Japanese cuisine."]
[4008,"長崎県・熊本県 ","（西海国立公園）九十九島ビジターセンター運営協議会","植物","ハマボウ","はまぼう","Hamabo","黄色いハイビスカスであるハマボウは九十九島に夏の訪れを告げます。","Hamabo, a yellow hibiscus, announces the arrival of summer in Kujukushima."]
[4009,"長崎県・熊本県 ","（西海国立公園）九十九島ビジターセンター運営協議会","山岳","アカハラタカ","あかはらたか","Chinese sparrowhawk (akahara taka, Accipiter soloensis)","越冬のため飛来する鳥もいれば、アカハラタカ（Accipiter soloensis)やハチクマ（Pernis ptilorhynchus）のように付近の五島列島や東南アジアに向かう途中でこの地域を通り過ぎる鳥もいます。","Some come to spend the winter while others, including the Chinese sparrowhawk (akahara taka, Accipiter soloensis) and the crested honey buzzard (hachikuma, Pernis ptilorhynchus) pass through the region on their way to the nearby Goto Islands and on to Southeast Asia."]
[4010,"長崎県・熊本県 ","（西海国立公園）九十九島ビジターセンター運営協議会","動物","ハチクマ","はちくま","crested honey buzzard (hachikuma, Pernis ptilorhynchus)","越冬のため飛来する鳥もいれば、アカハラタカ（Accipiter soloensis)やハチクマ（Pernis ptilorhynchus）のように付近の五島列島や東南アジアに向かう途中でこの地域を通り過ぎる鳥もいます。","Some come to spend the winter while others, including the Chinese sparrowhawk (akahara taka, Accipiter soloensis) and the crested honey buzzard (hachikuma, Pernis ptilorhynchus) pass through the region on their way to the nearby Goto Islands and on to Southeast Asia."]
[4011,"長崎県・熊本県 ","（西海国立公園）九十九島ビジターセンター運営協議会","動物","ウミアメンボ","うみあめんぼ","umiamenbo","これは九十九島に生息するウミアメンボという昆虫です。","This is an umiamenbo or oceanic water strider, an insect that can be found in the islands."]
[4012,"福岡県・熊本県・\n大分県 ","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","建造物等","大観峰展望所","だいかんぼうてんぼうじょ","Daikanbo lookout","阿蘇カルデラの北縁にある大観峰展望所からは、しばしば最高のカルデラの眺めとされる景色が望めます。","The Daikanbo lookout on the Aso caldera northern rim provides what is often considered the most impressive view of the caldera."]
[4013,"福岡県・熊本県・\n大分県 ","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","山岳","阿蘇五岳","あそごたけ","five peaks of Mt. Aso","かなたに見える阿蘇五岳は、横になっている仏陀の姿に似ていると言われています。"," The five peaks of Mt. Aso in the distance are said to resemble the figure of a reclining Buddha."]
[4014,"福岡県・熊本県・\n大分県 ","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","山岳","根子岳","ねこだけ","Nekodake","阿蘇五岳は根子岳、高岳、中岳、烏帽子岳、杵島岳です。","The five peaks of Mt. Aso are Mt. Nekodake, Mt. Takadake, Mt. Nakadake, Mt. Eboshidake and Mt. Kishimadake. "]
[4015,"福岡県・熊本県・\n大分県 ","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","山岳","高岳","たかだけ","Takadake","阿蘇五岳は根子岳、高岳、中岳、烏帽子岳、杵島岳です。","The five peaks of Mt. Aso are Mt. Nekodake, Mt. Takadake, Mt. Nakadake, Mt. Eboshidake and Mt. Kishimadake. "]
[4016,"福岡県・熊本県・\n大分県 ","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","山岳","中岳","なかだけ","Nakadake","阿蘇五岳は根子岳、高岳、中岳、烏帽子岳、杵島岳です。","The five peaks of Mt. Aso are Mt. Nekodake, Mt. Takadake, Mt. Nakadake, Mt. Eboshidake and Mt. Kishimadake. "]
[4017,"福岡県・熊本県・\n大分県 ","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","山岳","烏帽子岳","えぼしだけ","Eboshidake","阿蘇五岳は根子岳、高岳、中岳、烏帽子岳、杵島岳です。","The five peaks of Mt. Aso are Mt. Nekodake, Mt. Takadake, Mt. Nakadake, Mt. Eboshidake and Mt. Kishimadake. "]
[4018,"福岡県・熊本県・\n大分県 ","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","郷土景観","野焼き","のやき","controlled field burns\nor\nnoyaki","この神社では、年間を通して稲作と野焼きに関連する数々の季節ごとの祭りが催されています。","The shrine hosts several seasonal festivals throughout the year, centered around rice planting and controlled field burns. "]
[4019,"福岡県・熊本県・\n大分県 ","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","河川・渓谷","仙酔峡","せんすいきょう","Sensuikyo Gorge","海抜900メートルに位置する仙酔峡は、非常に古い溶岩石に囲まれています。","Sensuikyo Gorge, located at 900 meters above sea level, is surrounded by ancient lava formations. "]
[4020,"福岡県・熊本県・\n大分県 ","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","植物","ミヤマキリシマ","みやまきりしま","Miyama Kirishima azaleas","九州の火山地帯を彩るミヤマキリシマは、標高1000ｍ以上の山々に自生する高山植物です。","Miyama Kirishima azaleas grow at over 1,000 meters above sea level in the volcanic soil of Kyushu’s mountains. "]
[4021,"福岡県・熊本県・\n大分県 ","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","河川・渓谷","立野渓谷","たてのけいこく","Tateno Gorge","白川の水は、阿蘇カルデラの壁の唯一の開口部である立野渓谷を通ってカルデラから流れ出ます。","Water from the Shirakawa River flows out of the caldera through Tateno Gorge, the only opening in the Aso caldera wall."]
[4022,"福岡県・熊本県・\n大分県 ","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","山岳","米塚","こめづか","Komezuka","この起伏のある草原の地面は、約3千年から４千年前、米塚、往生岳、杵島岳の3つの火山から噴出した溶岩流によってつくられました。 ","The surface beneath what is now rolling grassland was created around 3,000 to 4,000 years ago by lava flow from three volcanoes: Komezuka, Ojodake and Kishimadake. "]
[4023,"福岡県・熊本県・\n大分県 ","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","山岳","往生岳","おうじょうだけ","Ojodake","この起伏のある草原の地面は、約3千年から４千年前、米塚、往生岳、杵島岳の3つの火山から噴出した溶岩流によってつくられました。 ","The surface beneath what is now rolling grassland was created around 3,000 to 4,000 years ago by lava flow from three volcanoes: Komezuka, Ojodake and Kishimadake. "]
[4024,"福岡県・熊本県・\n大分県 ","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","山岳","杵島岳","きしまだけ","Kishimadake","この起伏のある草原の地面は、約3千年から４千年前、米塚、往生岳、杵島岳の3つの火山から噴出した溶岩流によってつくられました。 ","The surface beneath what is now rolling grassland was created around 3,000 to 4,000 years ago by lava flow from three volcanoes: Komezuka, Ojodake and Kishimadake. "]
[4025,"福岡県・熊本県・\n大分県 ","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","高原・湿原・原野","古坊中","ふるぼうちゅう","Furubochu","火山である阿蘇山は古代から崇拝されており、中岳の西に広がる平野、古坊中を中心に修行が行われていました。","The volcanic Mt. Aso has been worshipped since ancient times, and ascetic practice was centered at Furubochu, a stretch of plains west of Mt. Nakadake."]
[4026,"福岡県・熊本県・\n大分県 ","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","山岳","中岳第一火口","なかだけだいいちかこう","Nakadake First Crater","条件が許せば、中岳第一火口にあるエメラルドグリーンの酸の池を見ることができます。","Conditions permitting, visitors can see the emerald-green acid pool in the Nakadake First Crater."]
[4027,"福岡県・熊本県・\n大分県 ","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","西巌殿寺","さいがんでんじ","Saigandenji Temple ","毎年4月13日、西巌殿寺では修験者が裸足で火の上を歩く観音祭が開催されます。","Every year on April 13, Saigandenji Temple hosts the Kannon Matsuri festival, during which Shugendo practitioners walk barefoot over a fire."]
[4028,"福岡県・熊本県・\n大分県 ","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","山岳","二重峠","ふたえのとうげ","Futae-no-toge Mountain Pass \nor \nFutae Pass","二重峠の石畳は、かつて江戸（現在の東京）までの長い道中を旅する人々が利用した御茶屋の跡地に続いています。","The paved road on the Futae Pass leads to the former site of a teahouse once patronized by those making the long journey to Edo (present-day Tokyo). "]
[4029,"福岡県・熊本県・\n大分県 ","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","人物・人名・役職名","健磐龍命","たけいわたつのみこと","Takeiwatatsu no Mikoto","伝説によると、阿蘇の建国神である健磐龍命が、カルデラの壁を蹴倒してこの地域を排水し、稲作を可能にしたそうです。","Legend says the founding deity of Aso, Takeiwatatsu no Mikoto, kicked the caldera wall down in order to drain the area and make it possible to farm rice. "]
[4030,"福岡県・熊本県・\n大分県 ","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","郷土景観","門前町商店街","もんぜんまちしょうてんがい","Monzen Shopping Street","門前町商店街のそれぞれの店は、独自の湧泉を持っています。","Each shop on Monzen Shopping Street has its own spring. "]
[4031,"福岡県・熊本県・\n大分県 ","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","年中行事","火振り神事","ひふりしんじ","hifuri shinji ritual","火振り神事と呼ばれる儀式では、参加者は燃える干し草の縄を振り回して豊穣を祈願します。","During the hifuri shinji ritual, participants swing flaming ropes of hay to pray for a prosperous rice harvest. "]
[4032,"福岡県・熊本県・\n大分県 ","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","年中行事","火焚き神事","ひたきしんじ","hitaki shinji","霜神社は、古代の火の儀式である火焚き神事が行われることで知られています。","Shimo Jinja Shrine is known for the practice of hitaki shinji, an ancient fire ritual. "]
[4033,"福岡県・熊本県・\n大分県 ","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","山岳","日ノ尾峠","ひのおとうげ","Hino Mountain Pass","トレイルにアクセスするには、日ノ尾峠までの車道を行きます。。","To access the trail, follow the road to the Hino Mountain Pass."]
[4034,"福岡県・熊本県・\n大分県 ","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","河川・渓谷","南郷谷","なんごうだに","Nango Valley","南郷谷は阿蘇カルデラの南部、阿蘇五岳とカルデラ壁の間にあります。","The Nango Valley lies in the southern part of the Aso caldera, between Aso’s five peaks and the caldera wall. "]
[4035,"福岡県・熊本県・\n大分県 ","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","高原・湿原・原野","草千里","くさせんり","Kusasenri","阿蘇の草原を維持するために、家畜が利用されています。草千里は昔から牛と馬の放牧地としての役割を担ってきました。","Livestock is used to maintain Aso’s grasslands, and Kusasenri has long served as a grazing ground for cows and horses."]
[4036,"福岡県・熊本県・\n大分県 ","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","食","あか牛","あかうし"," Akaushi cattle","地元のあか牛の肉を使った生ハムとソーセージは、一般的な豚肉のハムとは一線を画す豊かな風味と食感で有名です。","The thin, prosciutto-style slices of beef and sausage made from local Akaushi cattle are known for their rich flavor and texture, which make them stand out from standard pork-based cured meats. "]
[4037,"福岡県・熊本県・\n大分県 ","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","温泉","内牧温泉","うちのまきおんせん","Uchinomaki Onsen","内牧温泉\nこの温泉街の湯気の立つお湯は、カルデラの深部で温められました。一日中歩き回った後は、様々な旅館や公衆浴場に立ち寄り、自然に温められた透明なお湯に浸かって身体の疲れを癒すことができます。","Uchinomaki Onsen\nThe steaming waters in this hot spring district come from deep within the caldera, where they are heated. Visitors can relax after a day of hiking by stopping by the various inns and public baths to soak in the clear, naturally heated waters."]
[4038,"福岡県・熊本県・\n大分県 ","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","山岳","二束牧","ふたつかまき","Futatsukamaki","二束牧は、岩場に通う岳人たちのキャンプサイト。\n水場もある牧歌的な草原に、北尾根の岩峰が覆いかぶさってきます。","Futatsukamaki is a popular campground for climbers, located along a rocky tract in an idyllic grassland with a watering hole. It is backed by a looming northern ridge."]
[4039,"福岡県・熊本県・\n大分県 ","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","阿蘇神社","あそじんじゃ","Aso Jinja Shrine","阿蘇の中心に位置する一の宮町には阿蘇神社と宮地駅があります。","Right in the heart of Aso is the town of Ichinomiya, where visitors will find Aso Jinja Shrine and Miyaji Station. "]
[4040,"福岡県・熊本県・\n大分県 ","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","史跡","的石御茶屋跡","まといしおちゃやあと","Matoishi Teahouse Remains","的石御茶屋跡\n二重峠の石畳は、かつて江戸（現在の東京）までの長い道中を旅する人々が利用した御茶屋(teahouse)の跡地に続いています。","Matoishi Teahouse Remains\nThe paved road on the Futae Pass leads to the former site of a teahouse once patronized by those making the long journey to Edo (present-day Tokyo). "]
[4041,"福岡県・熊本県・\n大分県 ","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","山岳","羅漢山","らかんやま","Mt. Rakanyama","阿蘇の外縁の南西部に位置する羅漢山の突き出た岩は、阿蘇で最も古い地形の一部です。","The jutting rock formations on Mt. Rakanyama, located on the southwestern region of Aso’s outer rim, are some of the oldest in the area. "]
[4042,"福岡県・熊本県・\n大分県 ","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","テーマ施設等","スカイパークあざみ台","すかいぱーくあざみだい","Azamidai Skypark","スカイパークあざみ台からは、阿蘇くじゅう国立公園の360度のパノラマを一望できます。","Azamidai Skypark offers 360-degree views of Aso-Kuju National Park. "]
[4043,"福岡県・熊本県・\n大分県 ","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","岩戸神楽","いわとかぐら","Iwato Kagura","岩戸神楽\n200年以上もの間、人間と神の世界を結ぶ物語を伝えてきた神聖な舞の拍動を感じてください。","Iwato Kagura\nFeel the beat of this sacred dance that has told stories linking the worlds of humans and gods for over 200 years."]
[4044,"熊本県・大分県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）環境省阿蘇くじゅう国立公園管理事務所","郷土景観","野焼","のやき","noyaki","春には草原は野焼きとして知られる野火で人工的に燃やされます。","Each spring, the grasslands are subject to controlled burnings, known as noyaki. "]
[4045,"熊本県・大分県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）環境省阿蘇くじゅう国立公園管理事務所","植物","ススキ","すすき","susuki\n","かつては茅葺の屋根をもつたくさんの伝統的な家屋があったとはいえ、阿蘇の一部の地元民は今もなお茅葺屋根に使用する毎年の茅の栽培にこだわり続けています。","Houses with traditional, thatched roofs, were once common in the Aso area. Some locals still harvest susuki (Miscanthus sinensis) for rethatching roofs every year. Susuki grass is abundant on the grasslands stretching across the Aso Caldera, thriving in the relatively cool summers and fall, and low snowfall in winter."]
[4046,"熊本県・大分県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）環境省阿蘇くじゅう国立公園管理事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","鳥居","とりい","torii","道は、圧倒的な森の景色を背景に、古い石の階段で進み、苔で覆われた岩、石の灯篭、大きな鳥居を通り抜け、神社につながっています。","On the way there is an ancient stone staircase, with moss-covered rocks, stone lanterns, and large torii (sacred gates) leading to the shrine itself."]
[4047,"熊本県・大分県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）環境省阿蘇くじゅう国立公園管理事務所","植物","クララ","くらら","kurara","「餌植物」として知られている植物もあり、これらを中心に様々な蝶の種が生息しています。例えば、オオルリシジミ（Shijimiaeoides divinus）という蝶は、クララという植物を餌にしています。","Some of the plants of Aso are known as “food plants” and support many butterfly species, including the Aso blue butterfly (Shijimiaeoides divinus), which eats only a type of plant called kurara (Sophora flavescens, shrubby sophora)."]
[4048,"熊本県・大分県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）環境省阿蘇くじゅう国立公園管理事務所","山岳","カルデラ","かるでら","caldera","阿蘇くじゅう国立公園は1934年に誕生しました。この公園の特徴は阿蘇山、阿蘇山を囲む巨大なカルデラ、火山の頂きが連なるくじゅう連山、さらにはこれら連山の山麓に位置する広大な台地を覆う草原です。","Aso-Kuju National Park was designated in 1934. Highlights of the park include Mt. Aso and its surrounding giant caldera (a depression formed by the collapse of a volcano into itself), the Kuju Mountains flanked by a range of volcanic peaks, and the widespread grasslands and marshlands that cover the open plateaus at the base of these jagged ridges."]
[4049,"熊本県・大分県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）環境省阿蘇くじゅう国立公園管理事務所","温泉","温泉","おんせん","onsen","阿蘇くじゅう国立公園では、深い森、険しい山々、草木の生い茂った湿地帯、隠れた温泉、清らかな湧き水など、日本の火山が織りなす美しい景観のコントラストが見られると共に、一年を通じ、息をのむほどの美しい景色と豊富な草花に出会えます。","From dense forest to rugged mountains, lush marshes, hidden hot springs (onsen) and pristine waters, the park offers stunning views and a wealth of flora and fauna to enjoy in every season of the year."]
[4050,"熊本県・大分県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）環境省阿蘇くじゅう国立公園管理事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","お盆","おぼん","Obon","お盆は日本人がその先祖の魂を家々に迎え入れ、彼らに供物を捧げる何世紀も続く行事です。","Each year in August (around the 15th), local people celebrate the Obon Festival, a centuries-old tradition in which Japanese people welcome their ancestors’ spirits into their homes and provide them with offerings."]
[4051,"熊本県・大分県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）環境省阿蘇くじゅう国立公園管理事務所","植物","杉","すぎ","sugi\n","杉は、固い木材で、建造物に使われます。","Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica, Japanese cedar): Dense and strong, the timber is used for structural building purposes."]
[4052,"熊本県・大分県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）環境省阿蘇くじゅう国立公園管理事務所","植物","ヒノキ","ひのき","hinoki","ヒノキは、杉に似ていますが、より軽量で保管しやすいため、寺院、神社などの建造物によく使用されます。","Hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa, Japanese cypress): Similar to the Japanese cedar, but less dense and with good preservation characteristics, the timber of cypress is often used to build temples, shrines, and other structures."]
[4053,"熊本県・大分県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）環境省阿蘇くじゅう国立公園管理事務所","植物","松","まつ","matsu","松は、樹脂製の樹木で、腐敗しにくいため、基礎梁や水柱などを構築するために使用されます。","Matsu (Pinus, Japanese pine): A very resinous tree, it does not easily rot. The timber is used for building structural foundation beams."]
[4054,"熊本県・大分県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）環境省阿蘇くじゅう国立公園管理事務所","植物","ケヤキ","けやき","keyaki","ケヤキは、磨かれたときに表面が光沢を帯びる軽量木材のため、しばしば装飾家具の製作に使われます。","Keyaki (Zelkova serrata, Japanese zelkova): A lightweight wood whose surface is shiny when polished. The timber is often used to make ornamental furniture."]
[4055,"熊本県・大分県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）環境省阿蘇くじゅう国立公園管理事務所","植物","桐","きり","kiri","桐は、軽くて柔らかい木材で、簡単に加工できるため。しばしばインテリアデザインに使用されます。","Kiri (Paulownia tomentosa, Ppaulownia): A light, soft wood that is easily worked. The timber is often used in interior design."]
[4056,"熊本県・大分県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）環境省阿蘇くじゅう国立公園管理事務所","高原・湿原・原野","湿原","しつげん","marsh","タデ原湿原は、くじゅうで最も代表的な淡水環境の一つです。タデ原は、周囲の山々から湧き出た泉の淡水で作られ、植物や動物の生態が豊富な低地です。","Tadewara Marsh is one of Kuju’s typical freshwater environments. Created by the upwelling of fresh spring water draining from the surrounding mountains, Tadewara is a valley rich with plant and animal life. ","※「タデ原湿原」は公式名称ですが、英語では「Tadewara Marsh」と呼ばれています。Marshは湿原の種類の1つです。"]
[4057,"熊本県・大分県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）環境省阿蘇くじゅう国立公園管理事務所","高原・湿原・原野","湿原","しつげん","wetland","この地域の独特な自然環境を保護、保存するため、2005年、タデ原湿原と坊ガツル湿原は、ラムサール条約の「国際的に重要な湿原」に指定されました。","In 2005, Tadewara and Bogatsuru were designated as Wetlands of International Importance under the Ramsar Convention, thus protecting and preserving these unique natural habitats.","※wetlandは広い意味での「湿原」です。"]
[4058,"熊本県・大分県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）環境省阿蘇くじゅう国立公園管理事務所","高原・湿原・原野","草原","そうげん","grassland","この公園の大部分を草原が占めています。こうした草原がこの公園を特徴づけており、牧草地や放牧地、かやの原、沼地などの自生の地域または半自然の地域と草や木が植樹された人工的な地域から成ります。","The grasslands of the park make up most of the area. They are a unique feature of the parkland and consist of both native, semi-natural areas of meadow, pasture, kaya reed beds and marshes, and areas where grasses and plants have been introduced and cultivated. "]
[4059,"熊本県・大分県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）環境省阿蘇くじゅう国立公園管理事務所","その他","湧水","ゆうすい","spring water","湧水\n南阿蘇は中央火口丘群と阿蘇カルデラの外縁の間に位置しています。この地域には豊富な自然の泉が湧いています。阿蘇の雨水は、中央火口丘群と南の外縁へと流れ、浸透した火山岩の層を通って山の下流域まで流れていきます。","Spring Water\nMinami Aso is located between the central volcanic cone group and the outer rim of the Aso Caldera. An abundance of natural springs is found in this area. Rainwater in Aso flows through the central volcanic cone and southern outer rim, draining into the lower basin of the mountains through permeable volcanic rock strata."]
[4060,"熊本県・大分県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）環境省阿蘇くじゅう国立公園管理事務所","植物","茅","かや","kaya reed","こうした草原がこの公園を特徴づけており、牧草地や放牧地、かやの原、沼地などの自生の地域または半自然の地域と草や木が植樹された人工的な地域から成ります。","They are a unique feature of the parkland and consist of both native, semi-natural areas of meadow, pasture, kaya reed beds and marshes, and areas where grasses and plants have been introduced and cultivated."]
[4061,"熊本県・大分県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）環境省阿蘇くじゅう国立公園管理事務所","動物","オオルリシジミ","おおるりしじみ","Aso Blue Butterfly","阿蘇でよく見られる生物の1つは、草原の草を餌にして生活しているオオルリシジミのような蝶です。","Some of the creatures typically found in Aso include butterflies such as the Aso Blue Butterfly (Shijimiaeoides divinus barine)."]
[4062,"熊本県・大分県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）環境省阿蘇くじゅう国立公園管理事務所","植物","ヒゴタイ","ひごたい","globe thistle","これらの植物の多くは日本全土で見ることができますが、ヒゴタイ、キスミレ、ヤツシロソウなど、この地域にしか見られない数多くの希少な植物や花が自生しています。","While many of these species can be seen throughout Japan, Aso is home to several rare plants and flowers that grow onlyare found only in this area, including globe thistle (Echinops setifer), Oriental yellow violet (Viola orientalis), and clustered bellflower (Campanula glomerata)."]
[4063,"熊本県・大分県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）環境省阿蘇くじゅう国立公園管理事務所","植物","キスミレ","きすみれ","Oriental yellow violet","これらの植物の多くは日本全土で見ることができますが、ヒゴタイ、キスミレ、ヤツシロソウなど、この地域にしか見られない数多くの希少な植物や花が自生しています。","While many of these species can be seen throughout Japan, Aso is home to several rare plants and flowers that grow onlyare found only in this area, including globe thistle (Echinops setifer), Oriental yellow violet (Viola orientalis), and clustered bellflower (Campanula glomerata)."]
[4064,"熊本県・大分県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）環境省阿蘇くじゅう国立公園管理事務所","植物","ヤツシロソウ","やつしろそう","clustered bellflower","これらの植物の多くは日本全土で見ることができますが、ヒゴタイ、キスミレ、ヤツシロソウなど、この地域にしか見られない数多くの希少な植物や花が自生しています。","While many of these species can be seen throughout Japan, Aso is home to several rare plants and flowers that grow onlyare found only in this area, including globe thistle (Echinops setifer), Oriental yellow violet (Viola orientalis), and clustered bellflower (Campanula glomerata)."]
[4065,"熊本県・大分県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）環境省阿蘇くじゅう国立公園管理事務所","動物","アオスジアゲハ","あおすじあげは","green-banded swallowtail butterfly","このような草原の管理方法によって生まれた生態系に、阿蘇の草原にのみ生息する他種の蝶の種が生息します。例として、アオスジアゲハ、アサギマダラ、ベニシジミなどがあげられます。","The ecosystem that has formed as a result of this method of management is unique to Aso and hosts a number of other butterfly species that live only in the fields and grasslands of Aso, including the green-banded swallowtail butterfly (Graphium sarpedon nipponum), the pale blue tiger butterfly (Parantica sita niphonica), and the small copper butterfly (Lycaena phlaeas daimio)."]
[4066,"熊本県・大分県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）環境省阿蘇くじゅう国立公園管理事務所","動物","アサギマダラ","あさぎまだら","pale blue tiger butterfly","このような草原の管理方法によって生まれた生態系に、阿蘇の草原にのみ生息する他種の蝶の種が生息します。例として、アオスジアゲハ、アサギマダラ、ベニシジミなどがあげられます。","The ecosystem that has formed as a result of this method of management is unique to Aso and hosts a number of other butterfly species that live only in the fields and grasslands of Aso, including the green-banded swallowtail butterfly (Graphium sarpedon nipponum), the pale blue tiger butterfly (Parantica sita niphonica), and the small copper butterfly (Lycaena phlaeas daimio)."]
[4067,"熊本県・大分県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）環境省阿蘇くじゅう国立公園管理事務所","動物","ベニシジミ","べにしじみ","small copper butterfly","このような草原の管理方法によって生まれた生態系に、阿蘇の草原にのみ生息する他種の蝶の種が生息します。例として、アオスジアゲハ、アサギマダラ、ベニシジミなどがあげられます。","The ecosystem that has formed as a result of this method of management is unique to Aso and hosts a number of other butterfly species that live only in the fields and grasslands of Aso, including the green-banded swallowtail butterfly (Graphium sarpedon nipponum), the pale blue tiger butterfly (Parantica sita niphonica), and the small copper butterfly (Lycaena phlaeas daimio)."]
[4068,"熊本県・大分県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）環境省阿蘇くじゅう国立公園管理事務所","動物","ホオジロ","ほおじろ","bunting","ホオジロ、ウグイス、オオジシギなど、小さな鳥のほか、草原の小さな哺乳類を餌食にしているハイタカ、ノスリ、コミミズクなど、数多くの猛禽類も見られます。また、コヨシキリという鳥は、草原のススキの中に巣を作って生息します。","Smaller birds such as buntings (Emberiza cioides), fan-tailed warblers (Cisticola juncidis), and Latham’s snipes (Gallinago hardwickii) can be observed, as well as several raptors including the Japanese sparrow hawk (Accipiter gularis), the common buzzard (Buteo buteo), and the short-eared owl (Asio flammeus), which prey on small mammals in the grasslands."]
[4069,"熊本県・大分県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）環境省阿蘇くじゅう国立公園管理事務所","動物","ウグイス","うぐいす","fan-tailed warbler","ホオジロ、ウグイス、オオジシギなど、小さな鳥のほか、草原の小さな哺乳類を餌食にしているハイタカ、ノスリ、コミミズクなど、数多くの猛禽類も見られます。また、コヨシキリという鳥は、草原のススキの中に巣を作って生息します。","Smaller birds such as buntings (Emberiza cioides), fan-tailed warblers (Cisticola juncidis), and Latham’s snipes (Gallinago hardwickii) can be observed, as well as several raptors including the Japanese sparrow hawk (Accipiter gularis), the common buzzard (Buteo buteo), and the short-eared owl (Asio flammeus), which prey on small mammals in the grasslands."]
[4070,"熊本県・大分県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）環境省阿蘇くじゅう国立公園管理事務所","動物","オオジシギ","おおじしぎ","Latham’s snipe","ホオジロ、ウグイス、オオジシギなど、小さな鳥のほか、草原の小さな哺乳類を餌食にしているハイタカ、ノスリ、コミミズクなど、数多くの猛禽類も見られます。また、コヨシキリという鳥は、草原のススキの中に巣を作って生息します。","Smaller birds such as buntings (Emberiza cioides), fan-tailed warblers (Cisticola juncidis), and Latham’s snipes (Gallinago hardwickii) can be observed, as well as several raptors including the Japanese sparrow hawk (Accipiter gularis), the common buzzard (Buteo buteo), and the short-eared owl (Asio flammeus), which prey on small mammals in the grasslands."]
[4071,"熊本県・大分県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）環境省阿蘇くじゅう国立公園管理事務所","動物","ハイタカ","はいたか","Japanese sparrow hawk","ホオジロ、ウグイス、オオジシギなど、小さな鳥のほか、草原の小さな哺乳類を餌食にしているハイタカ、ノスリ、コミミズクなど、数多くの猛禽類も見られます。また、コヨシキリという鳥は、草原のススキの中に巣を作って生息します。","Smaller birds such as buntings (Emberiza cioides), fan-tailed warblers (Cisticola juncidis), and Latham’s snipes (Gallinago hardwickii) can be observed, as well as several raptors including the Japanese sparrow hawk (Accipiter gularis), the common buzzard (Buteo buteo), and the short-eared owl (Asio flammeus), which prey on small mammals in the grasslands."]
[4072,"熊本県・大分県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）環境省阿蘇くじゅう国立公園管理事務所","動物","ノスリ","のすり","common buzzard","ホオジロ、ウグイス、オオジシギなど、小さな鳥のほか、草原の小さな哺乳類を餌食にしているハイタカ、ノスリ、コミミズクなど、数多くの猛禽類も見られます。また、コヨシキリという鳥は、草原のススキの中に巣を作って生息します。","Smaller birds such as buntings (Emberiza cioides), fan-tailed warblers (Cisticola juncidis), and Latham’s snipes (Gallinago hardwickii) can be observed, as well as several raptors including the Japanese sparrow hawk (Accipiter gularis), the common buzzard (Buteo buteo), and the short-eared owl (Asio flammeus), which prey on small mammals in the grasslands."]
[4073,"熊本県・大分県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）環境省阿蘇くじゅう国立公園管理事務所","動物","コミミズク","こみみずく","short-eared owl","ホオジロ、ウグイス、オオジシギなど、小さな鳥のほか、草原の小さな哺乳類を餌食にしているハイタカ、ノスリ、コミミズクなど、数多くの猛禽類も見られます。また、コヨシキリという鳥は、草原のススキの中に巣を作って生息します。","Smaller birds such as buntings (Emberiza cioides), fan-tailed warblers (Cisticola juncidis), and Latham’s snipes (Gallinago hardwickii) can be observed, as well as several raptors including the Japanese sparrow hawk (Accipiter gularis), the common buzzard (Buteo buteo), and the short-eared owl (Asio flammeus), which prey on small mammals in the grasslands."]
[4074,"熊本県・大分県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）環境省阿蘇くじゅう国立公園管理事務所","植物","ミズナラ","みずなら","Japanese oak","ミズナラ、コナラ、シラカシ、イチイガシ、アカガシなどの場合、ドングリの一部だけ殻斗に覆われています。","The Japanese oak (Quercus mongolica ssp. crispula), Konara oak (Quercus serrata), Shirakashi (Quercus myrsinaefolia), Ichiigashi (Quercus gilva), and Japanese evergreen oak (Quercus acuta), are all examples of trees that produce acorns with relatively small cupules that cover only a small portion of the acorn itself."]
[4075,"熊本県・大分県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）環境省阿蘇くじゅう国立公園管理事務所","植物","コナラ","こなら","Konara oak","ミズナラ、コナラ、シラカシ、イチイガシ、アカガシなどの場合、ドングリの一部だけ殻斗に覆われています。","The Japanese oak (Quercus mongolica ssp. crispula), Konara oak (Quercus serrata), Shirakashi (Quercus myrsinaefolia), Ichiigashi (Quercus gilva), and Japanese evergreen oak (Quercus acuta), are all examples of trees that produce acorns with relatively small cupules that cover only a small portion of the acorn itself."]
[4076,"熊本県・大分県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）環境省阿蘇くじゅう国立公園管理事務所","植物","シラカシ","しらかし","Shirakashi ","ミズナラ、コナラ、シラカシ、イチイガシ、アカガシなどの場合、ドングリの一部だけ殻斗に覆われています。","The Japanese oak (Quercus mongolica ssp. crispula), Konara oak (Quercus serrata), Shirakashi (Quercus myrsinaefolia), Ichiigashi (Quercus gilva), and Japanese evergreen oak (Quercus acuta), are all examples of trees that produce acorns with relatively small cupules that cover only a small portion of the acorn itself."]
[4077,"熊本県・大分県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）環境省阿蘇くじゅう国立公園管理事務所","植物","イチイガシ","いちいがし","Ichiigashi","ミズナラ、コナラ、シラカシ、イチイガシ、アカガシなどの場合、ドングリの一部だけ殻斗に覆われています。","The Japanese oak (Quercus mongolica ssp. crispula), Konara oak (Quercus serrata), Shirakashi (Quercus myrsinaefolia), Ichiigashi (Quercus gilva), and Japanese evergreen oak (Quercus acuta), are all examples of trees that produce acorns with relatively small cupules that cover only a small portion of the acorn itself."]
[4078,"熊本県・大分県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）環境省阿蘇くじゅう国立公園管理事務所","植物","アカガシ","あかがし"," Japanese evergreen oak","ミズナラ、コナラ、シラカシ、イチイガシ、アカガシなどの場合、ドングリの一部だけ殻斗に覆われています。","The Japanese oak (Quercus mongolica ssp. crispula), Konara oak (Quercus serrata), Shirakashi (Quercus myrsinaefolia), Ichiigashi (Quercus gilva), and Japanese evergreen oak (Quercus acuta), are all examples of trees that produce acorns with relatively small cupules that cover only a small portion of the acorn itself."]
[4079,"熊本県・大分県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）環境省阿蘇くじゅう国立公園管理事務所","植物","クヌギ","くぬぎ","Japanese chestnut oak","一方、クヌギやカシワの場合、殻斗が大きく、ドングリの大部分を覆っています。","Japanese chestnut oak (Quercus acutissima) and Daimyo oak (Quercus dentata) trees, on the other hand, produce acorns with large, prominent cupules that cover most of the nut."]
[4080,"熊本県・大分県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）環境省阿蘇くじゅう国立公園管理事務所","植物","カシワ","かしわ","Daimyo oak","一方、クヌギやカシワの場合、殻斗が大きく、ドングリの大部分を覆っています。","Japanese chestnut oak (Quercus acutissima) and Daimyo oak (Quercus dentata) trees, on the other hand, produce acorns with large, prominent cupules that cover most of the nut."]
[4081,"大分県 ","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","温泉","温泉","おんせん","onsen","豊後高田の数多くの温泉（公衆浴場）で一風呂浴びることは、快適で温まる冬のアクティビティです。","Taking a dip in one of Bungotakada’s many onsen (natural hot springs) is a comforting and warming winter activity."]
[4082,"大分県 ","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","食","菜の花","なのはな","nanohana","長崎鼻は菜の花（キャノーラの花）、またひまわり（ヒマワリ）の広大な畑で知られ、両方とも各種食用油を作るために種子が収穫されます。","Nagasakibana is known for its sprawling fields of canola flowers (nanohana) as well as sunflowers (himawari), and the seeds of both are harvested to create a range of edible oils. "]
[4083,"大分県 ","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","河川・渓谷","耶馬","やば","yaba","江戸時代（1603～1868年）に日本人の思想家である頼山陽が中津の渓谷を訪れた際、この景色に着想を得て「耶馬渓」という題の漢詩を詠みました。これが「耶馬」という言葉の由来です。","When the Japanese philosopher Rai Sanyo visited the nearby valley of Nakatsu during the Edo period (1603–1868), he was inspired by the scenery and composed a Chinese-style poem entitled “Yabakei” (yaba scenery) which became the nickname of a gorge in that area."]
[4084,"大分県 ","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","宝塔","ほうとう","hoto","隣の実相院には、最大の国東塔があります。これは、国東半島で一般的に見られる宝塔です。","The neighboring Jissoin is home to the largest Kunisaki-to, or hoto (treasured pagoda), commonly found in Kunisaki Peninsula."]
[4085,"大分県 ","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","温泉","露天風呂","ろてんぶろ","rotenburo","男女別の風呂や露天風呂があり、地域の特徴的な風景を眺めながら入浴できます。","The rustic establishment features outdoor baths (rotenburo) for taking in the area’s unique landscape while bathing, and has separate baths for men and women. "]
[4086,"大分県 ","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","鬼","おに","oni","1,000年以上続くこの祭りのハイライトは、赤鬼や黒鬼に扮した僧侶が燃えるたいまつを振り回し、邪悪な霊を追い払ってなだめることです。","The highlight of the festival, which has taken place for over 1,000 years, is a dance in which monks dressed as red and black oni (ogres) brandish blazing torches in order to calm and ward off evil spirits."]
[4087,"大分県 ","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","仁王","におう","nio","豊後高田市には、仁王あるいは金剛力士として知られる140体以上の石像があります。","Bungotakada is home to approximately 140 stone statues known as nio or kongorikishi and is among the cities with the highest number of such statues in Japan. "]
[4088,"大分県 ","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","金剛力士","こんごうりきし","kongorikishi","豊後高田市には、仁王あるいは金剛力士として知られる140体以上の石像があります。","Bungotakada is home to approximately 140 stone statues known as nio or kongorikishi and is among the cities with the highest number of such statues in Japan. "]
[4089,"大分県 ","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","工芸・美術品","法被","はっぴ","happi","後半では、踊り手はあっという間に法被（袖がまっすぐな上着）・ショートパンツ姿に変わり、スピード感のある男性的な踊りを踊ります。","For the second half, the dancers quickly change into happi (lightweight coats with straight-sleeves) and shorts to perform a faster and more masculine dance. "]
[4090,"大分県 ","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","工芸・美術品","締め込み","しめこみ","shimekomi","今では三大裸祭りの一つとされ、男性の参加者は締め込み（ふんどし）だけを身に着けます。秋の冷えた気候にもかかわらず、足袋以外は他に何も着用しません。 ","Today it is one of three Hadaka Matsuri in Japan––festivals in which male participants wear a loincloth called a shimekomi, and nothing else other than socks, despite the cold autumn weather. "]
[4091,"大分県 ","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","食","年貢米","ねんぐうまい","nengumai","江戸時代には、年貢米（地租として徴収された米）は荷船で、現在の豊後高田市から島原城下町（現在の長崎県島原市）へ、そして大阪の大名の倉へと輸送されました。","During the Edo period, rice collected as land tax (nengumai) was sent by cargo ship from the area now known as Bungotakada to the castle town of Shimabara (present-day city of Shimabara in Nagasaki prefecture), and to the feudal lord’s storehouse in Osaka. "]
[4092,"大分県 ","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","食","春そば","はる　そば","haru soba","豊後高田は春そば、春季のそばについては西日本で最大の栽培面積を誇り、春（3月下旬～4月上旬）に作付けされ、6月ごろに食されます。","Bungotakada boasts the largest area of buckwheat cultivation in Western Japan for haru soba, or spring soba, which is planted from late March to early April and harvested around June. "]
[4093,"大分県 ","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","食","ざるそば","ざる　そば","zaru soba","その後、麺を均一な細さに切り、調理して、ざるそばスタイル（つゆ付きの冷たいそば麺）で、おろしたてのワサビ（日本のセイヨウワサビの根）や地元産のネギ（ネギ）などのシンプルな薬味と一緒に出します。","The noodles are then cut into even strips before being cooked and served as zaru soba (drained and served cold with a dipping broth) along with simple condiments like freshly grated wasabi (Japanese horseradish) and locally grown shiro negi (Welsh onion). "]
[4094,"大分県 ","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","食","白ネギ","しろ　ねぎ","shiro negi","ネギ、別名白ネギは、日本料理に欠かせない食材です。","Welsh onion (shiro negi) is a staple ingredient in Japanese cuisine. "]
[4095,"大分県 ","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","食","鍋","なべ","nabe","岬ガザミは通常、蒸したり焼いたり煮たりして食べられ、よく鍋（日本のホットポット）にも使われます。","Misaki Gazami crabs are eaten steamed, grilled, or simmered, and often appear in nabe (Japanese hot pot)."]
[4096,"大分県 ","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","食","かき揚げ","かきあげ","kakiage","岬かき揚げは、豊前海としても知られる周防灘で獲れた新鮮な小エビで作られています。小エビは衣をつけて天ぷら風に揚げられ、ご飯を盛ったお椀の上に載せて提供されます。","Kakiage is a mixture of small pieces of seafood and vegetables, dipped in tempura batter, and fried into a circular shape used as a topping for rice or noodles. "]
[4097,"大分県 ","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","食","韃靼そば茶","だったん　そばちゃ","Dattan soba cha","韃靼そば茶、別名タタールそば茶は、ダッタンソバ（Fagopyrum tataricum）の芳香な実を煎ってできています。","Dattan soba cha (Tartary buckwheat tea) is made from the fragrant, roasted seeds of the Tartary buckwheat plant. "]
[4098,"大分県 ","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","食","長命草","ちょうめいそう","chomeiso","香々地長命草は、豊後高田に自生するボタンボウフウ（Peucedanum japonicum）の地元ブランドで、ビタミンやミネラルが豊富なスーパーフードです。","Kakaji Chomeiso is the brand name and local producer of chomeiso (Peucedanum japonicum), a plant that grows naturally in Bungotakada and is rich in vitamins and minerals. "]
[4099,"大分県 ","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","食","おにぎり","おにぎり","onigiri","おにぎりが1個売れるごとに1円の寄付が行われ、国東周辺の伝統的な「鬼」の文化的重要性の促進に利用されます。","Onigiri are rice balls and oni are ogres in Japanese mythology. "]
[4100,"大分県 ","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","食","そば煎餅","そば　せんべい","soba senbei","あちこちのお店で揚げたコロッケやアイスバー、地元産のピーナッツ、そば煎餅（buckwheat crackers）、焼き芋シェイク（ローストしたサツマイモのミルクシェイク）、そして揚げパン（fried bread）などのおいしいおやつが提供されています。","A number of stores offer delicious snacks including deep-fried croquettes, ice pops, locally produced peanuts, soba senbei (buckwheat crackers), yaki imo shakes (milkshakes made with roasted sweet potato), and agepan (fried bread)."]
[4101,"大分県 ","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","食","焼き芋","やきいも","yaki imo","あちこちのお店で揚げたコロッケやアイスバー、地元産のピーナッツ、そば煎餅（buckwheat crackers）、焼き芋シェイク（ローストしたサツマイモのミルクシェイク）、そして揚げパン（fried bread）などのおいしいおやつが提供されています。","A number of stores offer delicious snacks including deep-fried croquettes, ice pops, locally produced peanuts, soba senbei (buckwheat crackers), yaki imo shakes (milkshakes made with roasted sweet potato), and agepan (fried bread)."]
[4102,"大分県 ","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","食","揚げパン","あげぱん","agepan","あちこちのお店で揚げたコロッケやアイスバー、地元産のピーナッツ、そば煎餅（buckwheat crackers）、焼き芋シェイク（ローストしたサツマイモのミルクシェイク）、そして揚げパン（fried bread）などのおいしいおやつが提供されています。","A number of stores offer delicious snacks including deep-fried croquettes, ice pops, locally produced peanuts, soba senbei (buckwheat crackers), yaki imo shakes (milkshakes made with roasted sweet potato), and agepan (fried bread)."]
[4103,"大分県 ","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","工芸・美術品","下駄","げた","geta","この地区にあるその他の専門店では、そばのティーパックや下駄 (日本の伝統的なサンダル) といった製品やキーホルダーなどのお土産を販売しています。 ","Other specialty shops in the area offer products such as packaged tea, soba (buckwheat) noodles, geta (traditional Japanese sandals) and souvenirs such as key charms. "]
[4104,"大分県 ","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","パチンコ","ぱちんこ","pachinko","ここでは射的やパチンコ (日本の機械仕掛けのゲーム機) などのレトロゲームも遊べます。","Retro games can also be played there including shooting games and pachinko (a mechanical game similar to pinball). "]
[4105,"大分県 ","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","食","駄菓子屋","だがしや","dagashiya","駄菓子屋とは明治時代 (1868-1912) に起源をもつ、安価なお菓子やおもちゃを販売する店のことです。駄菓子屋にはコイン投入式のアーケードゲームやガシャポン (カプセルトイ販売機) も設置してあります。","These toys are reminiscent of items found at stores called dagashiya that originated in the Meiji era (1868–1912) and sold inexpensive snacks and toys. \nRetro games can also be played there including shooting games and pachinko (a mechanical game similar to pinball). "]
[4106,"大分県 ","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","年中行事","お盆","おぼん","obon","現在では草地おどりは毎夏、お盆のお祭り中に先祖の魂に敬意を表して披露されています。","Today, the Kusaji Odori is performed every summer during the obon festival when spirits of the deceased are thought to visit the realm of the living."]
[4107,"大分県 ","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","社会","元号","げんごう","nengo","日本の暦は、在位中の天皇の治世に関連する元号によってまとめられています。","The Japanese calendar is organized by nengo, or “eras” which correspond to the reigns of successive emperors. "]
[4108,"大分県 ","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","食","居酒屋","いざかや","izakaya","宮町商店街は、豊後高田のレトロな昭和の町商店街の一部です。そこは主に、地元の人と観光客のための居酒屋、スナックバー、人気の夜の娯楽スポットが集まる通りです。","Miyamachi Shotengai is an area within Showa no Machi with several izakaya (Japanese bistros), small bars, and popular nightlife spots."]
[4109,"大分県 ","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","食","煎茶","せんちゃ","sencha","1922年に創立され、鹿児島県の煎茶と宇治市の抹茶、そして茶碗、急須、お茶道具などの茶器を主に販売しています。","It was established in 1922 and sells mainly sencha (Japanese green leaf tea) from Kagoshima prefecture, matcha (powdered green tea) from the city of Uji, and tea equipment such as cups, teapots, and utensils."]
[4110,"大分県 ","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","食","カツ丼","かつどん","katsu don","カツ丼（ご飯の上に豚カツと卵、野菜やその他の薬味が乗せられた料理）や親子丼（鶏肉と卵がご飯の上に乗せられた料理）などの丼ものもあります。","Rice bowls such as katsu don (deep-fried pork cutlet served over rice with egg, vegetables, and other condiments) and oyako don (chicken and egg served over rice) are also available. "]
[4111,"大分県 ","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","食","親子丼","おやこどん","oyako don","カツ丼（ご飯の上に豚カツと卵、野菜やその他の薬味が乗せられた料理）や親子丼（鶏肉と卵がご飯の上に乗せられた料理）などの丼ものもあります。","Rice bowls such as katsu don (deep-fried pork cutlet served over rice with egg, vegetables, and other condiments) and oyako don (chicken and egg served over rice) are also available. "]
[4112,"大分県 ","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","食","とり天","とりてん","toriten","とり天は大分県の地元料理で、薄めの衣で天ぷらのように揚げた鶏肉でできています。","Toriten is Oita prefecture’s version of chicken tempura."]
[4113,"大分県 ","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","食","かぼす","かぼす","kabosu","日本の柑橘ゆずに似た、小さく酸っぱい果実であるかぼす。","Kabosu are small, moderately acidic citrus fruits similar to yuzu."]
[4114,"大分県 ","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","食","団子汁","だんごじる","dango-jiru","団子汁は大分県でほっこり温まることで知られる地元の「ソウルフード」です。","The warm, comforting qualities of dango-jiru make it the “soul food” of Oita prefecture. "]
[4115,"大分県 ","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","孔雀文磬","くじゃく　もんけい","kujaku monkei","神宮の本殿、および仏教儀式で用いられる孔雀のレリーフが入った銅鑼である孔雀文磬は日本の国宝に指定されています。","The shrine’s main hall and a Buddhist ritual gong featuring a peacock relief (kujaku monkei), are designated National Treasures. "]
[4116,"大分県","豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","岩石・洞窟","火山性の岩石","かざんせいのがんせき","volcanic rock","数世紀にわたり、この山の火山性の岩石は、石彫工が使う鑿の引き立て役となっています。寺院に向かう入り口で目にするのは、石彫工の芸術的な技の一例が刻まれている荘厳な岩肌です。さらに道路脇や、地元家族の庭でもよく見かけます。","The volcanic rocks in the mountains have been the perfect medium for the chisels of stone carvers for centuries, and remarkable examples of their artistic skills are found in temple gateways, on awe-inspiring cliff faces and, just as often, on the roadside or in the garden of a local family. "]
[4117,"大分県","豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","石彫工","いしぼりこう","stone carver","数世紀にわたり、この山の火山性の岩石は、石彫工が使う鑿の引き立て役となっています。寺院に向かう入り口で目にするのは、石彫工の芸術的な技の一例が刻まれている荘厳な岩肌です。さらに道路脇や、地元家族の庭でもよく見かけます。","The volcanic rocks in the mountains have been the perfect medium for the chisels of stone carvers for centuries, and remarkable examples of their artistic skills are found in temple gateways, on awe-inspiring cliff faces and, just as often, on the roadside or in the garden of a local family. "]
[4118,"大分県","豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","工芸・美術品","石造仏","せきぞうぶつ","Buddhist statuary","70%の日本の石造仏が国東半島にあると言われています。","It is said that some 70 percent of Japan’s Buddhist statuary can be found on the Kunisaki Peninsula."]
[4119,"大分県","豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","六郷満山","ろくごうまんざん","Rokugo Manzan","今日では数が減少してしまい、31の寺院が確認できます。六郷満山を定義するスピリチュアルなオーラは、この地域の隅から隅まで行き渡っています。","While the numbers have dropped, thirty-one temples belonging to the Tendai sect of Esoteric Buddhism can still be found here today, and the aura of spirituality that defines Rokugo Manzan permeates every inch of the area."]
[4120,"大分県","豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","鬼","おに","oni","この鬼は獰猛な外見をしていますが、仏の化身であることから、鬼を追い払うために招き入れられます。火の粉に触れた幸運な者には、幸運と繁栄をもたらされます。","These oni, while ferocious in appearance, are reincarnated Buddhas, and therefore have been invited in to chase away evil and bring good luck and prosperity to those fortunate enough to be touched by the sparks. "]
[4121,"大分県","豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","岩石・洞窟","田染石","たしぶいし","tashibu-ishi","この石像は田染石を使用して彫られました。ある種の柔らかい石でこの地域固有のものであり、石造りには理想的な石です。","These figures were carved from tashibu-ishi, a kind of soft stone that is indigenous to the area and is ideal for stonework."]
[4122,"大分県","豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","阿吽","あうん","a-un","「阿吽」は、仏教の教理であり、ギリシャ語の「アルファであり、オメガである」とは似ていないこともないのですが、すべての物事の始まりと終わりを表しています。","Together, they form the phrase “a-un,” a Buddhist concept not unlike the Biblical “alpha” and “omega” that represents the beginning and end of all things."]
[4123,"大分県","豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","植物","榧","かや","nutmeg tree","建築構造は、榧の木材から作られています。伝説によると、この榧の木は3千メートル超もあり、周囲全体を覆っていました。","The structure, along with the statue of Amida it houses, is made of wood from a nutmeg tree, one that legend says grew over 3,000 meters tall and kept its entire surroundings in shade."]
[4124,"大分県","豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","工芸・美術品","阿弥陀仏像","あみだぶつぞう"," statue of Amida Nyorai","寺院は、阿弥陀堂として平安後期（794年から1185年）に創建されました。阿弥陀仏像を祀っています。信者を極楽浄土へ救済する仏教の神様です。","The temple was constructed in the late Heian period (794–1185) as an Amida-do, a hall meant to host a statue of Amida Nyorai, the Buddhist deity who invites believers to paradise."]
[4125,"大分県","豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","工芸・美術品","十王像","じゅうおうぞう","Buddhism’s Ten Judges of Hell","小型ですが、仏教における冥途の裁判官である十王像が精巧に刻まれており、この一団が、煉獄にいる者の運命を判断します。","To the left of the building stands a rare collection: small but intricately carved images of Buddhism’s Ten Judges of Hell, the body that decides the fate of those still in purgatory."]
[4126,"大分県","豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","笠塔婆","かさとうば","kasa toba","また寺院の中庭に立つと、笠塔婆と呼ばれる石造りの塔があります。頭部は修行僧が編んだとされる笠に似せています。小型の塔である五輪塔は、当時人気の高い密教において、記念碑として使用されていました。","Also standing in the temple’s courtyard are stone stupas called kasa toba, whose tops are meant to resemble the woven hats worn by monks in training, and gorinto, the small pagodas used as memorials in the Esoteric Buddhism popular at the time."]
[4127,"大分県","豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","五輪塔","ごりんとう","gorinto","また寺院の中庭に立つと、笠塔婆と呼ばれる石造りの塔があります。頭部は修行僧が編んだとされる笠に似せています。小型の塔である五輪塔は、当時人気の高い密教において、記念碑として使用されていました。","Also standing in the temple’s courtyard are stone stupas called kasa toba, whose tops are meant to resemble the woven hats worn by monks in training, and gorinto, the small pagodas used as memorials in the Esoteric Buddhism popular at the time."]
[4128,"大分県","豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","仁聞","にんもん","Ninmon","ある日、伝説的な僧侶である仁聞は、この場所を神聖な土地として崇拝の対象とすることに決めました。阿弥陀如来像を安置するための本堂を建立するよう命じました。","One day, the legendary Buddhist monk Ninmon decided to consecrate this spot as sacred ground and ordered the building of a hall to enshrine an image of the Amida Buddha. "]
[4129,"大分県","豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","宝物殿","ほうぶつでん","Treasure Hall","宝物殿の目玉は、阿弥陀如来坐像です。大部分が複数の日本糸杉から作られており、4体の甲冑をまとった四天王に守られています。","The centerpiece of the Treasure Hall is the seated image of Amida Nyorai, made of several large sections of Japanese cypress and guarded by four armored devas."]
[4130,"大分県","豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","工芸・美術品","不動明王立像","ふどうみょうりつぞう","standing image of Fudo Myo-o","阿弥陀如来の右方向には、不動明王立像があります。守護の神様であり、両脇に脇侍が2体控えています。","To the right of Amida is a rare standing image of Fudo Myo-o, a protective deity, with two attendants at its side."]
[4131,"大分県","豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","動物","不死鳥","ふしちょう","phoenix","背後には、圧巻の演出があります。神聖な燃える不死鳥が周囲を飛んでおり、おそらく江戸時代後期(1603年から1867年)に追加されたものでしょう。","On his back is a spectacular rendition of a flaming sacred phoenix that swirls all around him, probably a later addition from the Edo period (1603–1867)."]
[4132,"大分県","豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","工芸・美術品","大威徳明王像","だいとくみょうおうぞう","image of Daiitoku Myo-o","阿弥陀如来坐像の左方向には、水牛に乗った木彫大威徳明王像が安置されています。","To the left of Amida sits a wooden image of Daiitoku Myo-o on a water buffalo. "]
[4133,"大分県","豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","ヤマーンタカ","やまーんたか","Yamantaka","梵名ヤマーンタカ、または「死を断ち切る者」の意味です。戦士の神様として人気がある理由はわかりやすいです。","His Sanskrit name is Yamantaka, or “one who terminates death” —so it’s easy to understand why he became popular as a god of warriors. "]
[4134,"大分県","豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","熊野磨崖仏","くまのまがいぶつ","Kumano Magaibutsu","最も畏敬の念を抱かせる石彫彫刻のうち、2つが豊後高田市にあります。これらは熊野磨崖仏であり、仏教の神様についての記念碑的な浅い浮彫です。","Two of the most awe-inspiring stone carvings in Bungo Takada are the Kumano Magaibutsu, monumental bas-reliefs of Buddhist deities."]
[4135,"大分県","豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","大日如来","だいにちにょらい","Dainichi Nyorai","右の方に進んでいくと、はっきりとして品のある浮彫がありますが、これは大日如来です。宇宙を司る神と呼ばれることがあります。","Off to the right, and clearly a relief of higher quality, is a figure of Dainichi Nyorai, sometimes called the Cosmic Buddha."]
[4136,"大分県","豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","修験道","しゅげんどう","shugendo","天念時は、文字通り岩に建てられました。平安時代（794年から1185年）に建立されてから数百年もの間、修験道の中心地でありました。修験道とは、修行僧が悟りを求めて厳しい修練を行う宗教です。","For hundreds of years after it was constructed in the Heian period (794–1185), it was a center for shugendo, arduous training for ascetic Buddhist monks in search of enlightenment. "]
[4137,"大分県","豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神仏習合","しんぶつしゅうごう","shinbutsu shugo","これは、神仏習合、または神道との習合の典型的な例となっています。これは日本固有の精霊信仰を起源とする宗教であり、仏教でもあります。","This syncretism of Shinto—the religion with animistic origins native to Japan—and Buddhism is called shinbutsu shugo. "]
[4138,"大分県","豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","修正鬼会","しゅじょうおにえ","Shujo Onie","鬼の祭り　修正鬼会","A Festival of Ogres: Shujo Onie"]
[4139,"大分県","豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","史跡","田染荘","たしぶのしょう","Tashibu no Sho","市の中心部から運転していくと近い距離に、田染の荘園という風光明媚な谷間があります。古代地図からも確認できますが、過去千年紀にわたり景観の変化はほとんどありません。","A short drive from the city center lies the picturesque valley of Tashibu no Sho, where, as ancient maps can attest, the landscape has changed little over the past millennium. "]
[4140,"大分県","豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","その他","世界農業遺産","せかいのうぎょういさん","World Agricultural Heritage","地元の農業方法に独自の特徴が複数存在することで、この半島は世界農業遺産として指定を受けました。水を貯めておくために開発された貯水池のネットワークも含まれます。","Several unique characteristics of the local farming methods have led to this peninsula being designated as a World Agricultural Heritage site, including a network of reservoirs that were developed to store water."]
[4141,"大分県","豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","動物","ヒメマス","ひめます","Himemasu salmon","私たちヒメマスは、世界のさまざまな地域で「コカニーサーモン」と呼ばれる陸封型のサケの一種です。","We himemasu salmon are a species of landlocked salmon called kokanee salmon in some parts of the world.","「Kokanee salmon」はカナダ呼称である可能性があり（環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所より）アメリカ英語のスタンダードな表現を調査し「Himemasu salmon」としましたが、地域によっては「Kokanee salmon」と表現している場合もあります。"]
[4142,"大分県","豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","観音","かんのん","Kannon","観音様は、哀れみ深い菩薩として知られています。自身の悟りを後回しにして他者を助けます。","Kannon, often called the Goddess of Mercy, is a bodhisattva, beings who has postponed their own enlightenment to stay behind and help others."]
[4143,"大分県","豊後高田市多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","峰入り","みねいり","mineiri","僧侶の修行は峰入り「尾根を歩く」と呼ばれています。様々な寺院に向かう非常に労力のいる旅であり、修行者は質素な白の服、レギンス、サンダルを着用します。","Their training was called mineiri, “walking the ridges,” and the practitioners would dress in simple white clothing, leggings, and sandals for the strenuous journey to the various temples. "]
[4144,"大分県","一般社団法人豊の国千年ロマン観光圏","その他","土着の伝統","どちゃくのでんとう","  native traditions","当時、仏教の教えは神道として知られるようになっている土着の伝統と組み合わされていました。","At the time, Buddhist teachings were combined with the native traditions that became known as Shinto. "]
[4145,"大分県","一般社団法人豊の国千年ロマン観光圏","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神仏習合施設","しんぶつしゅうごうしせつ","Shinto-Buddhist jinja-temple complex","統一された神仏習合施設が荘園制度で国東半島の地域の多くを管理していたが，弥勒寺･宇佐神宮の政治的な妥当性は，日本の政治権力が鎌倉時代(1185－1333)に鎌倉に移ったときに衰え始めました。","Even though the unified Shinto-Buddhist shrine-temple complex controlled much of the land on the Kunisaki peninsula through the feudal-estate (shoen) system, the political relevance of Mirokuji-Usa Jingu began to wane when the center of Japanese power moved to Kamakura during the Kamakura period (1185–1333)."]
[4146,"大分県","一般社団法人豊の国千年ロマン観光圏","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","山伏","やまぶし","monks known as yamabushi","。西暦8世紀までには山伏として知られる山の僧たちが崇拝し，神道･仏教の儀式を山で行いました。","By the Nara period (710-794), mountain monks known as yamabushi worshipped and conducted syncretic rituals on the mountain. "]
[4147,"大分県","一般社団法人豊の国千年ロマン観光圏","人物・人名・役職名","伊弉諾尊･伊弉冉尊","いざなぎのみこと・いざなみみのこと","Izanagi no Mikoto and Izanami no Mikoto","この伝説によると，二人の神伊奘諾尊と伊奘冉尊が日本の列島を造るため一緒にやって来たとされています。","According to this legend, the two gods Izanagi no Mikoto and Izanami no Mikoto came together to create the islands of Japan. Himeshima is mentioned as their twelfth creation."]
[4148,"大分県","一般社団法人豊の国千年ロマン観光圏","岩石・洞窟","灰色の黒曜石","はいいろのこくようせき","grey obsidian","この灰色の黒曜石から作られる石器は瀬戸内海一帯で見つけられてきました。","Stone tools made from this grey obsidian have been found all along the Seto Inland Sea. "]
[4149,"大分県","一般社団法人豊の国千年ロマン観光圏","岩石・洞窟","花崗岩","かこうがん"," granite ","その構造は山口県から取り寄せられた花崗岩で造られており，リチャード･ブラントン (1841–1901) により日本に広まったイギリスの灯台風に設計されました。","The structure is made from granite brought from Yamaguchi Prefecture, and was designed in the British lighthouse style brought to Japan by Richard Brunton (1841–1901). "]
[4150,"大分県","一般社団法人豊の国千年ロマン観光圏","温泉","泉の水","いずみのみず","spring water","その泉は何世紀にもわたって風呂として利用されてきているが，隣にある浴場が利用される前に40度くらいまで泉の水を温めています。","The nearby bathhouse contains two baths filled with Hyoshimizu spring water, one of which is heated to around 40°C."]
[4151,"大分県","一般社団法人豊の国千年ロマン観光圏","その他","伝説によれば","でんせつによれば","(A) legend claims","島の伝説によれば千人の人々が地元の領主に税を納めるのを避けるためここに隠れることができたということです。","An island legend claims that one thousand people were able to hide here to avoid paying taxes to the local lord. "]
[4152,"大分県","一般社団法人豊の国千年ロマン観光圏","芸能・興行・イベント","盆踊り","ぼんおどり","Bon dance","姫島が離島であるために，お盆の祭りのため独特の盆踊りをうみだしました。","Separated from the culture of the Kunisaki peninsula, the Bon dances preformed on the island are unique to Himeshima."]
[4153,"大分県","一般社団法人豊の国千年ロマン観光圏","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神仏習合","しんぶつしゅうごう","Syncretic Buddhist and Shinto","神仏習合の崇拝は，仏教の寺と神道の神社は新しい政府によって分離することを余儀なくされた1867年の明治維新後もしばらく続きました。","Syncretic Buddhist and Shinto worship continued until shortly after the Meiji restoration in 1867 when Buddhist temples and Shinto shrines were required to separate by the new government."]
[4154,"大分県","一般社団法人豊の国千年ロマン観光圏","その他","内部にある聖地","ないぶにあるせいち","the inner sanctum","この巡礼の主な宿泊地の一つは両子寺の内部にある聖地です。","One of the main stops on this pilgrimage was the inner sanctum of Futagoji Temple. "]
[4155,"大分県","一般社団法人豊の国千年ロマン観光圏","建造物等","絶壁の彫刻と石の祈念碑","ぜっぺきのちょうこくといしのきねんひ"," cliffside carvings and stone monuments","この宗教上の熱意の主な証の二つは，半島中で今でも見られる絶壁の彫刻と石の祈念碑です。","Two of the major testaments to this religious fervor are the cliffside carvings and stone monuments that still can be found throughout the peninsula. "]
[4156,"大分県","一般社団法人豊の国千年ロマン観光圏","その他","五大","ごだい"," the five traditional elements","五輪塔のそれぞれの層は五大の一つを表しています。","Each level of the Gorinto represents one of the five traditional elements"]
[4157,"大分県","一般社団法人豊の国千年ロマン観光圏","史跡","荘園","しょうえん"," agricultural estates known as shoen","16世紀まで，弥勒寺･宇佐神宮複合施設は24の荘園として知られる農地の組織網を管理していました。","Until the sixteenth century, the Mirokuji-Usa Jingu complex managed a network of twenty-four agricultural estates known as shoen. "]
[4158,"大分県","一般社団法人豊の国千年ロマン観光圏","その他","自然の地形","しぜんのちけい","natural geography","下方にある田んぼへの灌漑を提供するために11世紀に設計されたが，水田は谷の自然の地形に従いました。","Designed in the eleventh century to provide irrigation to the fields below, the rice paddies follow the natural geography of the valley. "]
[4159,"大分県","一般社団法人豊の国千年ロマン観光圏","その他","領土","りょうど","domains","17世紀の初期までには，国東半島の政治的支配は3つの領土に分割されていました。","By the early seventeenth century, political control of the Kunisaki Peninsula was split up into three domains: Kitsuki, Hiji, and Nakatsu."]
[4160,"大分県","一般社団法人豊の国千年ロマン観光圏","その他","近隣","きんりん","neighborhoods","城を囲む近隣は数々の寺や神社の本拠地となっている。そしてその多くは江戸時代(1603-1867)に大名によって建立されました。","The neighborhoods surrounding the castle are home to numerous temples and shrines, many of which were built by the daimyo during the Edo period (1603–1867).  "]
[4161,"大分県","一般社団法人豊の国千年ロマン観光圏","工芸・美術品","肖像画","しょうぞうが","likeness","今日では彼の肖像画が10,000円札に描かれています。","Today, his likeness is featured on the 10,000-yen note."]
[4162,"大分県","一般社団法人豊の国千年ロマン観光圏","建造物等","石垣","いしがき","stone walls","城の長く続く石垣は手を使って削られ積まれたもので，それが今日まで同じ状態で残っているのです。","The castle’s long-standing stone walls were cut and stacked by hand and have remained standing to this day. "]
[4163,"大分県","一般社団法人豊の国千年ロマン観光圏","城跡・城郭・宮殿","土壁","どへき"," earthen walls","国東半島の南部に位置して，杵築城は昔の武家屋敷に囲まれていて，土塀とゆるやかな丘陵地帯に伸びる石畳があります。","Located in the south of the Kunisaki Peninsula, Kitsuki castle is a small castle surrounded by ancient samurai homes, earthen walls, and stone paths that stretch over rolling hills. "]
[4164,"大分県","一般社団法人豊の国千年ロマン観光圏","集落・街","商人街","しょうにんがい","merchant community","丘陵に進む最も顕著なとおりの二つは酢屋の坂と塩屋の坂で，それらは丘陵の上にある武家屋敷と谷間にある商民町を結んでいます。","Two of the most prominent streets that runs up the hills are Suya no Saka and Shioya no Saka, which connected the samurai homes on the hills to a merchant community in the valley. "]
[4165,"大分県","一般社団法人豊の国千年ロマン観光圏","人物・人名・役職名","上士","じょうし","chief retainers","大原家は，1646年から18世紀中頃まで木付の支配者であった松平家の上士の一族でした。","The Ohara clan were one of the chief retainers to the Matsudaira clan, the rulers of Kitsuki from 1646 to the middle of the eighteenth century"]
[4166,"大分県","一般社団法人豊の国千年ロマン観光圏","組織・団体","藩校・寺子屋","はんこう・てらこや","domain (han) schools ・temple-organized terakoya","この施設は，寺が組織していた寺子屋教育制度と並んで存在していた全国規模の国家による組織的な教育制度を成していた255の藩校の一つとして機能していました。","This institution was one of 255 domain (han) schools that made up a nationwide, state-organized education system which existed parallel to the temple-organized terakoya education system. "]
[4167,"大分県","一般社団法人豊の国千年ロマン観光圏","建造物等","石垣","いしがき","fortifications","今日では日出城が建てられた石垣跡地に小学校が建てられています。","Today, an elementary school has been built on the fortifications where the castle originally stood. "]
[4168,"大分県","一般社団法人豊の国千年ロマン観光圏","その他","共同湯","きょうどうゆ"," publicly operated baths","近隣の元町にある有名な竹瓦温泉のような別府の共同場は，町内会や行事のための特別な場所を備えた地域社会の中心となっています。","The publicly operated baths in Beppu, such as the famed Takegawara Onsen in the Motomachi neighborhood, are also community centers with extra room for neighborhood meetings and events.  "]
[4169,"大分県","一般社団法人豊の国千年ロマン観光圏","建造物等","別荘","べっそう","vacation homes","別府の有名な温泉の噂が19世紀後半から20世紀初期に掛けて日本中に広がるにつれ，裕福な日本人がその地に別荘を購入し始めました。","As word of Beppu’s famous hot springs spread across Japan in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, wealthy Japanese began to purchase vacation homes in the area. "]
[4170,"大分県","一般社団法人豊の国千年ロマン観光圏","その他","木製構造物","もくせいこうぞうぶつ"," wooden super-structures","これらの木製構造物はほとんど取り壊されてしまいましたが，竹瓦温泉近くの竹瓦小路のように，まだ残っているものもあります。","These wooden super-structures have mostly been taken down, but some of the original roofs still exist, such as the one built over Takegawara Alley near the Takegawara onsen."]
[4171,"大分県","一般社団法人豊の国千年ロマン観光圏","温泉","地獄蒸し","じごくむし","Jigoku-mushi. Steam from underground is piped up into special containers where it is used to steam vegetables and meat. ","山を登ってこれらの温泉に通ずる道では，地獄蒸しと呼ばれる食べ物を売る何百もの店が並んでいる。地下の温泉から出る蒸気は野菜や肉を料理するのに使われます。","Leading up the mountain towards these hot springs are many shops selling a food called Jigoku-mushi. Steam from underground is piped up into special containers where it is used to steam vegetables and meat. "]
[4172,"大分県","一般社団法人豊の国千年ロマン観光圏","食","駄菓子","だがし","dagashi candies","その大通り沿いには駄菓子や揚げ物のコロッケなどを含む時代を感じさせるもてなしの品を見るることができる。昭和ロマン蔵センターにはクラシックカーのコレクションがあり，古い紙幣が歴史的重要な銀行の建物に展示されています。","Along the avenues, you can find treats from the period including dagashi candies and deep-fried croquettes; at the Showa Roman Kura center there is a collection of antique cars, and old bank notes are on display at the historic bank building."]
[4173,"大分県","一般社団法人豊の国千年ロマン観光圏","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神々","かみがみ","kami","その山はこの地域で崇められている神道の神々の歴史的に重要な住まいです。","The mountain is the historic home of the Shinto deities, or kami, that are venerated in this area. "]
[4174,"大分県","一般社団法人豊の国千年ロマン観光圏","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","穢れ","けがれ","spiritual impurities (kegare)","この神社は訪問者達の穢れを海に投げ込むことによって浄化するという儀式の歴史的に重要な敷地です。","This shrine is the historic site of a ceremony to cleanse its visitors of spiritual impurities (kegare) by casting them into the ocean. "]
[4175,"大分県","一般社団法人豊の国千年ロマン観光圏","温泉","砂風呂と温泉","砂風呂と温泉","sand baths and hot spring baths","浴場の中には砂風呂と温泉の両方あります。","Inside the bathhouse there are both sand baths and hot spring baths. "]
[4176,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会（多言語解説整備事業 チーム）","年中行事","夜神楽","よかぐら","yokagura","高千穂の夜神楽は、守護神である氏神様や諸々の神々に祈願するために日没から日の出まで、11月中旬から2月上旬にかけて行われます。","Yokagura is performed, suitably enough, from sundown to sunrise, between mid-November and early February. "]
[4177,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会（多言語解説整備事業 チーム）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神庭","こうにわ","koniwa","神楽を催すにあたり、神々をお迎えするのにふさわしい、神聖な舞台「神庭」を使いが準備します。","The attendants also set the sacred stage, which is known as the “gods’ garden” (koniwa)."]
[4178,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会（多言語解説整備事業 チーム）","年中行事","ほしゃどん","ほしゃどん","hosyadon","男性のみがほしゃどんと呼ばれる使い、また踊り手になることができます。","Only men are permitted to take on this servant role and the same rule applies to the dance performers, who are called hosyadon. "]
[4179,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会（多言語解説整備事業 チーム）","年中行事","面様","おもてさま","omote sama","高千穂では、日本の創造神話「天岩戸」に登場する神々、女神をうまく描写するのに夜神楽の面（面様）は不可欠になっています。","Takachiho yokagura masks are known as omote-sama—the character for “omote” can mean either “mask” or “face.”"]
[4180,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会（多言語解説整備事業 チーム）","書物","古事記","こじき","kojiki","高千穂夜神楽は、古事記・日本書紀に記載があるように、天岩戸神話に起源を持つ神道の儀式的な舞劇です。","This myth is relayed in Japan’s oldest extant chronicles, the Kojiki and Nihon Shoki, both dating back to the early eighth century, while kagura itself dates back to the Heian period (794–1185)."]
[4181,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会（多言語解説整備事業 チーム）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","天岩戸","あまのいわと","amano iwato","高千穂夜神楽は33の舞からなり、天の洞窟という意味の「天岩戸」神話に出てくる神々が登場します。","The dances depict 33 episodes of the ancient myths centering around how Amaterasu Omikami, angered by her mischievous brother’s pranks, blocked herself inside the Ama no Iwato cave with a boulder, plunging the world into darkness. "]
[4182,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会（多言語解説整備事業 チーム）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神楽殿","かぐらでん","kaguraden","高千穂神社の神楽殿では、この神聖な伝統を幅広く共有すべく、夜神楽33番のうち4番を季節問わず毎晩8時から9時まで公開している。","To provide a venue that shares this sacred heritage with visitors from outside the area, the Kagura Hall (Kaguraden) within the grounds of Takachiho Shrine puts on four of the 33 episodes. "]
[4183,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会（多言語解説整備事業 チーム）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","高千穂神社","たかちほじんじゃ","takachiho jinja","高千穂神社は2000年あまりに渡って、信仰の拠点、神話の発祥、そして民俗芸能の夜神楽という遺産を伝承してきた。","Takachiho Shrine is referred to in Japan’s “six national histories” as the highest-ranked Shinto shrine in Hyuga Province."]
[4184,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会（多言語解説整備事業 チーム）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","狛犬","こまいぬ","komainu","神社本殿とともに狛犬像一対が国重要文化財に指定されているほか、神社内外に見られる自然や建築の数々は、日本の創世記を物語る神話に直接結びついている。","The shrine’s main sanctuary and its pair of komainu guardian figures have been designated National Important Cultural Properties, while various sites in and around the shrine, both natural and architectural, are believed to be directly related to Japan’s creation myth and the tales of its gods and goddesses."]
[4185,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会（多言語解説整備事業 チーム）","建造物等","五間社流造","ごけんしゃながれづくり","gokensha nagare zukuri","本殿には、流線形の屋根や非対称の切妻造を特徴とする、五間社流造と呼ばれる建築様式が採用されている。","The main sanctuary (honden) is a five-bay wide structure (gokensha) roofed in the nagare-zukuri (flowing) style, which features a sloping roof extending further over the front than at the back. "]
[4186,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会（多言語解説整備事業 チーム）","植物","夫婦杉","めおとすぎ","meoto sugi","二本の杉の木がより合わさった夫婦杉は、高千穂神社の境内の地中に共通の根を張り、夫婦が抱擁するか手を取り合うような形に絡み合って成長してきた。","To the left of the entrance to the Main Shrine is a pair of immense Japanese cedars, known as Meoto-sugi (Husband and Wife Cedars) as they have grown from common roots."]
[4187,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会（多言語解説整備事業 チーム）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","しめ縄","しめなわ","shimenawa\n","神社神道では、わら作りのしめ縄が神聖な場所を示す目標として用いられる。","They are adorned with shimenawa, which are ropes indicating an object or demarcated space imbued with the spirit of the divine."]
[4188,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会（多言語解説整備事業 チーム）","植物","秩父杉","ちちぶすぎ","chichibu sugi","本殿の正面の聖域の左側にも立つ、樹齢800年の木が、秩父杉です。","The 800-year-old tree standing to the left of the main hall’s sanctuary is called the Chichibu Cedar."]
[4189,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会（多言語解説整備事業 チーム）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","こだま","こだま","kodama","こだまとして知られている精神の存在を示し、したがって伐採が禁止されています。","When placed around trees like the cedars at Takachiho Shrine, they also indicate the presence of spirits known as kodama and cutting them down is therefore forbidden. "]
[4190,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会（多言語解説整備事業 チーム）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","鎮石","しずめいし","shizume ishi\n","神社境内で見られるもう一つの神聖な要素は、鎮石として知られる基礎石です。","Another sacred artifact of the shrine is a foundation stone, enshrined to the side of the main sanctuary and known as the shizume-ishi (“quelling stone”). "]
[4191,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会（多言語解説整備事業 チーム）","河川・渓谷","高千穂峡","たかちほきょう","takachiho kyo","高千穂峡は、五ヶ瀬川の流れで渦巻く深さまで急落する劇的な地形です。","Takachiho Valley is a place of dramatic topography and scenery pervaded by the images of the gods and goddesses of Japan’s creation myths and legends."]
[4192,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会（多言語解説整備事業 チーム）","人物・人名・役職名","イザナミ・イザナギ","いざなみ・いざなぎ","Izanami/Izanagi","神話の別の言い伝えとして、イザナミとイザナギが日本の自然の形成と人々を産んだと信じられているオノコロ池がありました。","Another link to regional myth is found in the river’s Onokoro Pond, believed to be where Izanami and Izanagi (the divine couple credited with creating the islands of the Japanese archipelago) gave birth to the natural formations and people of Japan."]
[4193,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会（多言語解説整備事業 チーム）","人物・人名・役職名","ミケヌノミコト","みけぬのみこと","Mikeiri no Mikoto","大きな巨石は鬼八の石と呼ばれ、彼は神武天皇の兄弟ミケヌノミコトに負けた伝説の戦いがありました。","A huge boulder, dubbed the Stone of Kihachi’s Might, is said to have been hurled by the fearsome demon Kihachi during a legendary battle he lost to Mikeiri no Mikoto, the brother of Japan’s first monarch. "]
[4194,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会（多言語解説整備事業 チーム）","滝","真名井の滝","まないのたき","manai no taki","魅力的な白いベールに17メートルの高さで降り注ぐ真名井の滝は、高千穂峡を訪れる際に必見の場所で、渓谷の真ん中にあります。","Pouring down from a height of 17 meters in a captivating white veil, Manai Waterfall is a highlight of any visit to the Takachiho Valley"]
[4195,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会（多言語解説整備事業 チーム）","人物・人名・役職名","天照大神","あまてらすおおみかみ","Amaterasu Omikami","天岩戸神社は、日本の神話と神道宇宙論で最も神聖で有名な神の一つである天照大神を祀っています。","The shrine of Ama no Iwato (Cave of Heaven) is dedicated to Amaterasu Omikami, the primary divinity in the pantheon of indigenous religious belief."]
[4196,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会（多言語解説整備事業 チーム）","人物・人名・役職名","天鈿女","あめのうずめ","Ame no Uzume","天照大神は、若い頃、天鈿女の舞によって出てくるまで、弟への怒りでこの洞窟に隠れていました。","Behind a green curtain of trees on the far side of the gorge opposite the shrine is the Ama no Iwato cave, where Amaterasu, in the myth that gave birth to the kagura dance tradition, hid until she was lured out by the lively dance of the deity Ame no Uzume."]
[4197,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会（多言語解説整備事業 チーム）","人物・人名・役職名","大日霎尊","おおひるめのみこと","Ohirume no Mikoto","西本宮は、「大日霎尊(おおひるめのみこと)」として知られる子どもとしての天照大神に捧げられています。","The West Sanctuary is dedicated to the goddess in her aspect as a child known as Ohirume no Mikoto."]
[4198,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会（多言語解説整備事業 チーム）","岩石・洞窟","天安河原","あまのやすかわら","Ama no Yasukawara","小道に沿って、天安神の川沿いの洞窟への特別な巡礼で残された石を積み上げた塚があります。","The trail leads to the riverside cave of Ama no Yasukawara, where the heavenly gods convened to consult about how to lure Amaterasu, who had darkened the world by retreating into another cave, to come out again and bring light back to the world. "]
[4199,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会（多言語解説整備事業 チーム）","人物・人名・役職名","瓊瓊杵尊","ににぎのみこと","Ninigi no Mikoto","国見ヶ丘にまつわる伝説のなかで、太陽の女神、天照大神の孫である瓊瓊杵尊が現れます。","In the legends associated with Kunimigaoka, Ninigi no Mikoto, the grandson of sun goddess Amaterasu Omikami, figures prominently."]
[4200,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会（多言語解説整備事業 チーム）","乗物","高千穂あまてらす鉄道","たかちほあまてらすてつどう","Takachiho Amaterasu Tetsudo","神楽など、この地域への関心の高まりに対応するために、高千穂あまてらす鉄道は、2017年に30人の幸運な乗客を収容できる新しいディーゼル駆動のスーパーグランド車両を導入しました。","To accommodate growing interest in the district and its traditions, such as its kagura shrine dances, the Takachiho Amaterasu Railway began offering special train tours of local sights in 2017."]
[4201,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会（多言語解説整備事業 チーム）","食","釜炒り茶","かまいりちゃ","kamairi-cha","多くの茶は蒸されるのに対して、釜炒り茶は円を描くような焙煎行程によって煎られることで、茶葉が優しく温められ、回され、揉まれます。","While most green tea is prepared by steaming, kamairi tea undergoes a pan-firing process that gently heats, rotates, and massages the leaves, resulting in the characteristic rolled-up form of the leaves."]
[4202,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会（多言語解説整備事業 チーム）","食","高千穂牛","たかちほうし","takachiho ushi","高千穂の厳選された地域の牛から生まれた高品質の和牛は、2007年に第9回日本和牛能力共進会（和牛オリンピック）で首相賞を受賞しました。 ","Takachiho is known in particular for its beef, with local producers winning the Prime Minister’s Award in 2007 at the Ninth National Japanese Beef Ability Expo, also known as the “Wagyu Olympics.”"]
[4203,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会（多言語解説整備事業 チーム）","郷土景観","棚田","たなだ","Tanada","高千穂の棚田は、住民によって作られ育まれた500kmを超える精巧な水路網を用いて、1800ヘクタールを超える面積を占めています。","Today, the vista embraces rice terraces that cover more than 1,800 hectares and are irrigated by a manmade network of ditches."]
[4204,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会（多言語解説整備事業 チーム）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","荒立神社","あらたてじんじゃ","Aratate jinja","荒立神社は、天鈿女（アメノウズメ）と猿田彦を祀ることで、この幸運な名誉を受けています。","Aratate Shrine venerates Ame no Uzume and Sarutahiko no Mikoto, deities who according to legend were married and lived on these shrine grounds. "]
[4205,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会（多言語解説整備事業 チーム）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","槵触神社","くしふるじんじゃ","Kushifuru jinja","槵触神社は天照大神の孫である瓊瓊杵尊（ニニギノミコト）が、女神によって、他の神々と一緒に大地を支配するために送り込まれた場所だと言われています。","Kushifuru Shrine is built on the site where it is said Ninigi no Mikoto, grandson of the Sun Goddess Amaterasu Omikami, arrived with other gods (kami) when his grandmother sent him to rule the earth and establish the ruling line."]
[4206,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","高天原","たかまがはら","Heavenly Realm","高天原の主宰神である天照大神は、地上界を眺めて大混乱が起きていると考えていました。","Amaterasu, the sun kami and ruler of the Heavenly Realm, looked down upon the earth and saw that it was in terrible chaos."]
[4207,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","禊","みそぎ","misogi","神道の儀式で行われる水で身体を清めること、「禊」の始まりだと考えられています。","This act is today considered the origin of “misogi,” a ritual cleansing done at Shinto shrines and ceremonies where one bathes or immerses oneself in water. "]
[4208,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会","年中行事","夜神楽","よかぐら","Yokagura","夜神楽は、高千穂地域のおよそ20の集落において、11月から2月の間に行われる舞踊劇の形の神事芸能です。","Yokagura is a Shinto ritual in the form of a theatrical dance that is performed in as many as twenty villages in the Takachiho region between the months of November and February. "]
[4209,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","勾玉","まがたま","sacred magatama jewels","次に、宝石の勾玉を繋げ、天の香具山から採ってきた材料で大きな鏡や白い布帛（ふはく）、青い布帛を榊に飾り、洞窟の前に取り付けました。","Next, they placed a large, holy sakaki tree outside the cave, and decorated it with strings of sacred magatama jewels, fine clothes, and an elegant mirror forged from materials of the heavenly mine.","※「magatama」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[4210,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会","植物","榊","さがき","holy sakaki tree","次に、宝石の勾玉を繋げ、天の香具山から採ってきた材料で大きな鏡や白い布帛（ふはく）、青い布帛を榊に飾り、洞窟の前に取り付けました。","Next, they placed a large, holy sakaki tree outside the cave, and decorated it with strings of sacred magatama jewels, fine clothes, and an elegant mirror forged from materials of the heavenly mine.","※「sasaki」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[4211,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","天の香具山","あまのかぐやま","heavenly mine","次に、宝石の勾玉を繋げ、天の香具山から採ってきた材料で大きな鏡や白い布帛（ふはく）、青い布帛を榊に飾り、洞窟の前に取り付けました。","Next, they placed a large, holy sakaki tree outside the cave, and decorated it with strings of sacred magatama jewels, fine clothes, and an elegant mirror forged from materials of the heavenly mine."]
[4212,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","本殿","ほんでん","Main Sanctuary","現在の本殿は、1778年に再建されました。","The existing Main Sanctuary of Takachiho Shrine was rebuilt in 1778. "]
[4213,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","国つ神","かみつがみ","earthly deity","高千穂伝説によると、この天つ神、天鈿女命と国つ神、猿田彦命の出会いはかけがえのない巡り合わせでした。","According to Takachiho legend, this meeting was a once-in-a-lifetime encounter for the heavenly deity Ame no Uzume and the earthly deity Sarutahiko. "]
[4214,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","天つ神","あまつかみ","heavenly deity","高千穂伝説によると、この天つ神、天鈿女命と国つ神、猿田彦命の出会いはかけがえのない巡り合わせでした。","According to Takachiho legend, this meeting was a once-in-a-lifetime encounter for the heavenly deity Ame no Uzume and the earthly deity Sarutahiko. "]
[4215,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","豊葦原","とよあしはら","islands of Japan","日本神話によると、天照大御神の命により瓊々杵尊は、豊葦原を鎮めるために多くの神々を従え、天降られたと伝えられています。","According to Japanese mythology, Amaterasu charged Ninigi with the rule of the islands of Japan, and so he descended from the heavenly realm in a procession of kami deities.","※前の文章が既に「the islands of Japan」が表示された場合「the islands」 で省略"]
[4216,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","八百万の神","やおよろずのかみ","myriads of kami deities","天照大神を洞窟から誘い出ために、八百万の神々が集まり、相談して計画を練ります。","To lure her back out, myriads of kami deities enacted an elaborate ruse: they staged a festival with song and dance outside the cave’s entrance."]
[4217,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","神月読命","つくよしのみこと","Tsukuyomi no Mikoto","伊弉諾尊が黄泉の国から戻った後、３柱の神が生まれました。日の神天照大神、月の神月読命、海原の神素戔嗚尊の３柱です。天照大神には高天原を、月読命には夜の国を、そして素戔嗚尊には海原の国を治めるようにそれぞれ授けました。","Three kami deities were born of Izanagi when he returned from the underworld: the sun kami deity Amaterasu Omikami, ruler of the heavenly realm; the moon kami deity Tsukuyomi no Mikoto, ruler of the night realm; and the kami deity of the sea Susanoo no Mikoto, ruler of the seas."]
[4218,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","素戔嗚尊","すさのおのみこと","Susanoo no Mikoto","伊弉諾尊が黄泉の国から戻った後、３柱の神が生まれました。日の神天照大神、月の神月読命、海原の神素戔嗚尊の３柱です。天照大神には高天原を、月読命には夜の国を、そして素戔嗚尊には海原の国を治めるようにそれぞれ授けました。","Three kami deities were born of Izanagi when he returned from the underworld: the sun kami deity Amaterasu Omikami, ruler of the heavenly realm; the moon kami deity Tsukuyomi no Mikoto, ruler of the night realm; and the kami deity of the sea Susanoo no Mikoto, ruler of the seas."]
[4219,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","天照大使","あまてらすおおみかみ","Amaterasu Omikami","伊弉諾尊が黄泉の国から戻った後、３柱の神が生まれました。日の神天照大神、月の神月読命、海原の神素戔嗚尊の３柱です。天照大神には高天原を、月読命には夜の国を、そして素戔嗚尊には海原の国を治めるようにそれぞれ授けました。","Three kami deities were born of Izanagi when he returned from the underworld: the sun kami deity Amaterasu Omikami, ruler of the heavenly realm; the moon kami deity Tsukuyomi no Mikoto, ruler of the night realm; and the kami deity of the sea Susanoo no Mikoto, ruler of the seas."]
[4220,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","黄泉の国","よみのくに"," land of the dead","地上界に戻ると、伊弉諾尊は、黄泉の国が汚れた場所だと言って、汚れた体を清めました。","After escaping, Izanagi declared the land of the dead an ugly and defiled place and decided to purify himself by cleansing. "]
[4221,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","伊弉諾尊","いざなぎのみこと","Izanagi no Mikoto","神道創世神話によると、世界とその住人は、「創られた」のではなく「生まれた」となっております。そして夫婦の神、伊弉諾尊と伊弉冉尊がこの国づくりのほとんどを果たしましました。","A Shinto interpretation of creation is that the world and its inhabitants are not “made” but “born,” and the divine couple Izanagi no Mikoto and Izanami no Mikoto play a central role in this narrative. "]
[4222,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","伊弉冉尊","いざなみのみこと","Izanami no Mikoto","神道創世神話によると、世界とその住人は、「創られた」のではなく「生まれた」となっております。そして夫婦の神、伊弉諾尊と伊弉冉尊がこの国づくりのほとんどを果たしましました。","A Shinto interpretation of creation is that the world and its inhabitants are not “made” but “born,” and the divine couple Izanagi no Mikoto and Izanami no Mikoto play a central role in this narrative. "]
[4223,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","天孫降臨","てんそんこうりん","Tenson Korin","天から瓊々杵尊は他の神々と共にくしふるの峰に降臨しました。これが天孫降臨です。","He did just that in a great procession of kami deities, and arrived at Kushifuru Peak. This myth is known as Tenson Korin (translated as “The Descent from the Heavens”). ","※ネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「The Descent from the Heavens」も使用することも可能。"]
[4224,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","天照大神","あまてらすおおみかみ","Amaterasu Omikami","In a famous Japanese mythical tale, the sun kami deity Amaterasu Omikami hid away in a cave and plunged the world into darkness.","日本の代表的な神話の中に、日の神の天照大神が洞窟の中に隠れてしまい、そのため世の中が永遠の闇に閉ざされたという話があります。"]
[4225,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","瓊々杵尊","ににぎのみこと","Ninigi no Mikoto","日本神話によると初めて地上を治めたとされる瓊々杵尊が祀られています。","It is dedicated to Ninigi no Mikoto, who was entrusted with the rule of Japan according to Japanese myth. "]
[4226,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","三毛入野命","みけいりのみこと","Mikeiri no Mikoto","神道信仰の原点が綴られている古い歴史書である、日本書紀（古代日本書）において、日本の初代天皇の兄の三毛入野命は、東征の途中、荒海で亡くなったと書かれています。","In the ancient Nihon Shoki (Chronicles of Japan) it is written that Mikeiri no Mikoto, the older brother to the first emperor of Japan, was lost at sea while heading to the east of Japan."]
[4227,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","日本神話","にほんしんわ","Japanese myth","日本神話によると初めて地上を治めたとされる瓊々杵尊が祀られています。","It is dedicated to Ninigi no Mikoto, who was entrusted with the rule of Japan according to Japanese myth. "]
[4228,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会","その他","世界農業遺産","せかいのうぎょういざん","Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System　 ","地元の伝統的な農業を守り育んできた高千穂郷・椎葉山の険しい山間地域が、世界農業遺産として認定されました。","Local dedication to these agricultural traditions has earned the area, which is located in the steep Takachihogo-Shiibayama intermountain region, a certification recognizing it as a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System (GIAHS)."]
[4229,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会","書物","古事記","こじき","Kojiki","神道信仰の古い原点となる２冊の書、古事記と日本書紀の両方に記されています。瓊々杵尊が地上界を治めるために天降りする途中、瓊々杵尊と一行は、天の八衢に立つ、国つ神と出会いました。","It is written in both the Kojiki and the Nihon Shoki, two ancient texts recording the origins of Shinto, that as Ninigi no Mikoto descended to take up rulership of the islands of Japan, he and his procession came upon a massive kami deity at a vast intersection in the heavens.","※「kojiki」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[4230,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会","書物","日本書紀","にほんしょき","Nihon Shoki","神道信仰の古い原点となる２冊の書、古事記と日本書紀の両方に記されています。瓊々杵尊が地上界を治めるために天降りする途中、瓊々杵尊と一行は、天の八衢に立つ、国つ神と出会いました。","It is written in both the Kojiki and the Nihon Shoki, two ancient texts recording the origins of Shinto, that as Ninigi no Mikoto descended to take up rulership of the islands of Japan, he and his procession came upon a massive kami deity at a vast intersection in the heavens.","※「Nihon Shoki」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「Chronicles of Japan」も使用することも可能。"]
[4231,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","狛犬","こまいぬ","guardian dog","この非常に珍しい鉄製の狛犬一対は鎌倉時代（1185-1333）、初代将軍源頼朝(1147–1199)によって高千穂神社に奉納されました。","These precious ironwork guardian dogs were dedicated to the Takachiho Shrine by the first shogun of Japan, Minamoto no Yoritomo (1147–1199), during the Kamakura period (1185–1333). "]
[4232,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","鎮石","しずめいし","foundation Stone","昔、高千穂神社が、第11代天皇によって初めて創建された時、この石が鎮石として用いられたと伝えられています。","This stone is thought to have been used as a foundation stone long ago when the Takachiho Shrine was originally built by order of the eleventh emperor of Japan. "]
[4233,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","四皇子","しおうじ","four imperial sons","日本神話によると、四皇子は、この地上を治めるために天降った瓊々杵尊の子孫であり、皇子たちも神であるとみなされています。","In Japanese mythology, the four imperial sons were direct descendants of Ninigi no Mikoto, who descended from the heavens to bring order to Japan, and are considered kami deities themselves. "]
[4234,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神","かみ","kami deity","日本神話によると、四皇子は、この地上を治めるために天降った瓊々杵尊の子孫であり、皇子たちも神であるとみなされています。","In Japanese mythology, the four imperial sons were direct descendants of Ninigi no Mikoto, who descended from the heavens to bring order to Japan, and are considered kami deities themselves. ","※「kami」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[4235,"宮崎県","オール高千穂観光地域づくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","オオヒルメノミコト","おおひるめのみこと","Ohirume no Mikoto","西本宮では天照大神の幼少期の名前であるオオヒルメノミコトとしてお祀りしています。","The West Sanctuary honors Amaterasu as she was known in her childhood, under the name of Ohirume no Mikoto."]
[4236,"熊本県・宮崎県・\n鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","その他","御池野鳥の森","みいけやちょうのもり","Lake Miike Wild Bird Forest","御池野鳥の森は、霧島連山の東部に位置する115ヘクタールの鳥保護区です。","Lake Miike Wild Bird Forest is a 115-hectare national wildlife sanctuary located in the eastern Kirishima mountains. "]
[4237,"熊本県・宮崎県・\n鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","動物","イッシー","いっしい","Isshi","スコットランドのネッシーに名前が似ているこのイッシーは、絶滅を免れた恐竜なのでしょうか。それとも、ただの特に大きなウナギや魚に過ぎないのでしょうか。","Is the mysterious Isshi, whose name resembles Scotland’s Nessie (pronounced “Nesshi” in Japanese), a dinosaur that somehow survived extinction? Or is Isshi nothing more than a particularly large giant eel or fish?"]
[4238,"熊本県・宮崎県・\n鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","山岳","霧島連山","きりしまれんざん","Kirishima mountain range ","霧島連山は、硫黄山、韓国岳、新燃岳、御鉢、高千穂峰など、二十を超える火山の山塊です。","The Kirishima mountain range is a dense cluster of over 20 volcanoes, including Mt. Ioyama, Mt. Karakunidake, Mt. Shinmoedake, Mt. Ohachi, and Mt. Takachihonomine. "]
[4239,"熊本県・宮崎県・\n鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","植物","ノカイドウ","のかいどう","nokaido/Makino crab apple","日本語でノカイドウとして知られるMakino Crab Appleは、えびの原高原の川沿いにのみ生育する、非常に珍しいバラ科の木です。","Known as nokaido in Japanese, the Makino crab apple is a rare type of crab apple tree that grows only along streams in the Ebino Highlands. "]
[4240,"熊本県・宮崎県・\n鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","山岳","硫黄山","いおうやま","Mt. Iwo","硫黄山は二十以上の火山からなる霧島連山の一部です。 ","Mt. Iwo is a volcanic peak in the Kirishima mountain range, which consists of a cluster of over 20 volcanoes. "]
[4241,"熊本県・宮崎県・\n鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","天之逆鉾","あまのさかほこ","Amanosakahoko spear","日本の国土創世にまつわる神話によると、天之逆鉾は、神イザナギノミコトと女神イザナミノミコトによって、原初の海をかき混ぜ、世界で最初の島を作るために使われました。","According to the Japanese creation myth, the god Izanagi-no-Mikoto and goddess Izanami-no-Mikoto stirred the primeval oceans with the Amanosakahoko spear before plunging it into the island created from droplets that fell from the tip of the spear. "]
[4242,"熊本県・宮崎県・\n鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","レジャー・アクティビティ","九州自然歩道","きゅうしゅうしぜんほどう"," Kyushu Nature Trail","九州自然歩道は、九州の7県すべてを縦断する、総距離約3,000キロメートルの日本で2番目に長い国立自然歩道です。","The Kyushu Nature Trail traverses all seven prefectures in Kyushu and is almost 3,000 kilometers long, making it the fifth longest national nature trail in Japan. "]
[4243,"熊本県・宮崎県・\n鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","山岳","桜島","さくらじま","Sakurajima","日本で最も活発な火山である桜島は、特に興味を引きます。この複合成層火山は、北岳、中岳、南岳の三つの火山から成ります。","Sakurajima is particularly notable as the most active volcano in Japan. This composite stratovolcano has three peaks: Kitadake, Nakadake, and the active Minamidake. "]
[4244,"熊本県・宮崎県・\n鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","諏訪神社","すわじんじゃ","Suwa Grand Shrine","諏訪神社は、推定1,420年の歴史を誇る、鹿児島県で最も重要な聖地のひとつです。伝説によると、諏訪神社は神の親子（父と二人の息子）によって創建されました。","Suwa Grand Shrine is one of the most important sacred sites in Kagoshima Prefecture, sentinel of an estimated 1,400 years of history. Legend says that it was created by a family of gods: a father and his two sons. "]
[4245,"熊本県・宮崎県・\n鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","史跡","佐多旧薬園","さたきゅうやくえん","Sata Former Herb Garden","昔の園芸家は佐多旧薬園であらゆる種類の珍しい薬用植物やハーブを栽培することができました。この地域の肥沃な火山性の土壌がさらに薬草の生育を促し、この薬園は江戸時代（1603〜1867年）の終わりまで医学研究にとって重要な場所となりました。","The balmy temperatures allowed ancient horticulturists to grow all kinds of unusual and medicinal plants and herbs in the Sata Former Herb Garden. The region’s fertile volcanic soil further enhanced the area’s potential for growing medicinal herbs, making this an important place for medical research until the end of the Edo period (1603–1867)"]
[4246,"熊本県・宮崎県・\n鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","海岸・岬","佐多岬","さたみさき","Cape Sata","佐多岬は九州本土の最南端、鹿児島県の大隅半島の先端にあります。","Cape Sata lies at the southernmost point of mainland Kyushu, at the very tip of Kagoshima Prefecture’s Osumi Peninsula. "]
[4247,"熊本県・宮崎県・\n鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","河川・渓谷","花瀬","はなぜ","Hanaze","花瀬の興味深い地形は、数千年前にこの地域の火山が噴火し、火砕流が蓄積されたことにより形成されました。時間の経過とともに、川の流れが徐々に火山岩を侵食し、人工の石畳のように見える非常に平坦な川底ができました。","Hanaze’s intriguing geography was formed thousands of years ago, when a volcanic explosion in the area resulted in an accumulation of pyroclastic flow. Over time the river currents gradually eroded the volcanic rock, resulting in a riverbed so flat it looks like a stone pavement. "]
[4248,"熊本県・宮崎県・\n鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","釜蓋神社","かまふたじんじゃ","Kamafuta Shrine","南九州市の釜蓋神社には、芸能人やアスリートが多く訪れ幸運を祈っています。この神社には釜の蓋という珍しいテーマがあります。地元の伝説によると、頭の上に釜の蓋を乗せてバランスを取りながら、鳥居から拝殿まで落とさず歩くことができれば、願い事が叶うそうです。","Entertainers and athletes flock to Kamafuta Shrine in the city of Minamikyushu to pray for good luck in their endeavors. The shrine has an unusual theme: pot lids (kamafuta). According to local legend, if a visitor can balance a pot lid on his or her head and walk from the torii gate at the entrance to the worship hall without dropping it, their wish will be granted. "]
[4249,"熊本県・宮崎県・\n鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","庭園・公園","番所鼻自然公園","ばんどころばなしぜんこうえん","Bandokorobana Nature Park","かつてここにあった番所にちなんで名付けられた番所鼻自然公園は、重要な史跡でもある自然公園です。","Bandokorobana Nature Park is an important natural and historical place, named after the bansho guardhouse that was once stood here. "]
[4250,"熊本県・宮崎県・\n鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","枚聞神社","ひらききじんじゃ","Hirakiki Shrine","この神社の創設年は不明ですが、860年の史料に言及が見つかることから、枚聞神社は日本で最古級の神社と考えられています。","Hirakiki Shrine is believed to be one of the oldest Shinto shrines in Japan. It appears in historical records from 860 CE. "]
[4251,"熊本県・宮崎県・\n鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","山岳","開聞岳","かいもんだけ","Mt. Kaimon","ほぼ平坦な沿岸の土地に座する高さ924メートルの開聞岳は、薩摩半島南部のランドマークです。この山は、史料によると885年に最後に噴火したundissected火山です。","Rising to 924 meters in a region of largely flat and coastal land, Mt. Kaimon is an unmistakable landmark in the southern part of the Satsuma Peninsula. According to ancient historical records the peak last erupted in 885. "]
[4252,"熊本県・宮崎県・\n鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","温泉","砂蒸し風呂","すなむしぶろ","sand baths ","鹿児島市とその周辺には約1,000の温泉がありますが、最も珍しく人気があるのは砂蒸し風呂です。","In and around Ibusuki there are approximately 1,000 onsen hot springs, but the sand baths are the most unusual and sought after by visitors. "]
[4253,"熊本県・宮崎県・\n鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","龍宮神社","りゅうぐうじんじゃ","Ryugu Shrine","海の神、龍神を祀る龍宮神社は、岬を見下ろすように建っています。この地域は、おとぎ話の浦島太郎の生まれた地として知られています。浦島太郎は、竜宮という海中の宮殿に飛び込んで、神秘的な姫、乙姫と出会い結婚しました。今日でも、神社には愛と幸運を願う参拝者が訪れます。"," Ryugu Shrine, dedicated to the god of the sea Ryujin, overlooks the cape. This area is known as the birthplace of the legendary Urashima Taro, a fisherman who was spirited away to the undersea Ryugu Palace, where he met and fell in love with the princess Otohime. To this day, visitors come to the shrine to pray for good fortune in matchmaking. "]
[4254,"熊本県・宮崎県・\n鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","海岸・岬","伏目海岸","ふしめかいがん","Fushime Beach","伏目海岸の白い崖は、近くの池田湖の火山が過去に噴火した後に蓄積した火砕流の名残です。時間の経過とともに、崖の表面が浸食され、今日の白い砂浜になりました。","Fushime Beach’s white cliffs are the remnants of pyroclastic flows that accumulated following the long-ago eruption of nearby Lake Ikeda’s volcano. Over time the cliff face eroded, creating the white sandy beach visitors enjoy today. "]
[4255,"熊本県・宮崎県・\n鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","山岳","竹山","たけやま","Mt. Takeyama","竹山は、その傾いた形状から、薩摩半島で最も有名な山のひとつとなっています。この山は、推定約56万年前の噴火で放出された火成岩が急速に冷却されて固まり、それが後に別のマグマ層で覆われ形成されました。 伝説によると、長い鼻の天狗などの超自然的な存在が高さ200メートルのこの山と麓に住んでいたので、彼らを祀る神社が山の中腹に建てられました。 ","Mt. Takeyama’s tilted shape makes it one of the most recognizable mountains on the Satsuma Peninsula. It was created when igneous rocks from a volcanic explosion—estimated to have occurred between 50,000 to 60,000 years ago—suddenly cooled and solidified, and were later covered by another layer of magma. According to legend, long-nosed tengu goblins and other supernatural beings inhabited both the 200-meter peak and the foothills, so in deference to them a local shrine was built halfway up the mountain. "]
[4256,"熊本県・宮崎県・\n鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","海岸・岬","山川港","やまがわこう","Yamagawa Port","山川港は、フランシスコ・ザビエル（1506–1552）が1549年にキリスト教を日本にもたらした場所であると伝えられており、また、1705年に前田利右衛門が日本で最初のサツマイモを輸入した場所でもあります。","Yamagawa Port is believed to be the place where Francis Xavier (1506–1552) first landed when he brought Christianity to Japan in 1549. This is also where Maeda Riemon imported the first sweet potato in 1705, a crop that quickly became associated with Kagoshima Prefecture."]
[4257,"熊本県・宮崎県・\n鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","人物・人名・役職名","浦島太郎","うらしまたろう","Urashima Taro","指宿と佐多は、民話と伝承が豊富で、その中でもリップバンウィンクルに似た日本の民間伝承の主人公、浦島太郎の生まれた地であると言われる佐多岬の龍宮神社が有名です。 ","Ibusuki and Sata are steeped in folklore and local legend, and no place more so than Ryugu Shrine on Cape Nagasakibana, said to be the birthplace of Urashima Taro, a Japanese folklore character similar to Rip Van Winkle. "]
[4258,"熊本県・宮崎県・\n鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","海岸・岬","知林ヶ島","ちりんがしま","Chiringashima Island","知林ヶ島は、錦江湾で最大の島で、多良浜のすぐそばにあります。10月から3月までは、干潮時に砂州を通ってこの無人島に渡れます。","Chiringashima is the largest island in Kinkowan Bay, located off the coast of Tarahama Beach. From March to October, at low tide a sandbar creates a temporary path to the uninhabited island. "]
[4259,"熊本県・宮崎県・\n鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","人物・人名・役職名","西郷隆盛","さいごう たかもり","Saigo Takamori","近くのうなぎ温泉は、日本の「最後の武士」西郷隆盛（1828〜1877年）もかつて湯治のために逗留した、レトロな雰囲気の気楽な隠れ家です。西郷は、歴史の転換点となった明治維新を主導した3人の武士の1人であり、今でも大衆文化の人気者です。","Nearby Unagi Onsen is a laid-back retreat with retro flair that was once patronized by Saigo Takamori (1828–1877), Japan’s “last samurai,” who once enjoyed a long stay here to take advantage of the health benefits of its hot springs. Saigo was one of three warriors who led the Meiji Restoration and remains a major figure in popular culture. "]
[4260,"熊本県・宮崎県・\n鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","食","流しそうめん","ながしそうめん","nagashi somen/flowing noodles","指宿の日本料理への大きな貢献のひとつは、流しそうめん（flowing noodles）です。食べるには、竹の滑り台に沿って、または特別な卓上の容器の中に流れる細く冷えた麺をつかまえます。","One of Ibusuki’s great contributions to Japanese cuisine is nagashi somen, or “flowing noodles.” Diners catch the thin, chilled noodles with chopsticks as they flow along a bamboo slide or in a special tabletop tank. "]
[4261,"鹿児島県・宮崎県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）環境省霧島綿江湾国立公園管理事務所","山岳","桜島","さくらじま","Sakurajima","桜島ビジターセンターでは、歴史や地域のメカニズム、植物、溶岩流だけに留まらず、桜島に関することなら何でも知ることができます。","Discover everything there is to know about Sakurajima, from its history and inner workings to its vegetation, lava flows and so much more at the Sakurajima Visitor Center.","※桜島は現在、本土と陸続きのためIslandはつきません。"]
[4262,"鹿児島県・宮崎県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）環境省霧島綿江湾国立公園管理事務所","動物","ヒョウモンダコ","ひょうもんだこ","blue-ringed octopuses","また、近くでヒョウモンダコが目撃されていますので、ご注意ください。こちらの生物を見分ける特徴はその独特な黒と青の斑紋です。猛毒をもつため、常に十分用心してください。","Additionally, please be advised that blue-ringed octopuses have been seen in this area. These creatures can be recognized by their distinctive blue and black rings. They are highly poisonous so exercise appropriate caution at all times."]
[4263,"鹿児島県・宮崎県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）環境省霧島綿江湾国立公園管理事務所","書物","古事記","こじき","Kojiki","この地域は、日本最古の歴史書『古事記』——日本誕生や初代天皇に加え、神や女神に関する幻想的な説話を記した書——にも登場します。\n\n神々や日本の誕生と初期の天皇の物語を伝える日本最古の歴史書である古事記に引用されています。","The area is cited in Japan’s oldest written historical records, the Kojiki, which tells fantastical tales of gods and goddesses, as well as the birth of Japan and the first emperors."]
[4264,"鹿児島県・宮崎県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）環境省霧島綿江湾国立公園管理事務所","人物・人名・役職名","アマテラス","あまてらす","Amaterasu","霧島神宮では、日本の初代天皇の先祖、そして太陽神である天照大神の孫とされている瓊瓊杵尊（ニニギノミコト）が祀られています。","Kirishima Jingu Shrine enshrines Ninigi no Mikoto, the ancestor of Japan’s first emperor and the grandson of the sun goddess Amaterasu."]
[4265,"鹿児島県・宮崎県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）環境省霧島綿江湾国立公園管理事務所","人物・人名・役職名","ニニギノミコト","ににぎのみこと","Ninigi no Mikoto","霧島神宮では、日本の初代天皇の先祖、そして太陽神である天照大神の孫とされている瓊瓊杵尊（ニニギノミコト）が祀られています。","Kirishima Jingu Shrine enshrines Ninigi no Mikoto, the ancestor of Japan’s first emperor and the grandson of the sun goddess Amaterasu."]
[4266,"鹿児島県・宮崎県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）環境省霧島綿江湾国立公園管理事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","勾玉・曲玉","まがたま","magatama","伝説によると、日本初代天皇である神武天皇は瓊瓊杵尊のひ孫であり、その御子孫は、太陽神の天照大神から瓊瓊杵尊に授けられた三種の神器、剣・鏡・勾玉を今でも持っていると言われています。","According to legend Japan’s first emperor Jimmu was Ninigi no Mikoto’s great-grandson, and his descendants still possess the three sacred gifts of a sword, mirror, and magatama jewel given to him by the sun goddess, Amaterasu."]
[4267,"鹿児島県・宮崎県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）環境省霧島綿江湾国立公園管理事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","天逆鉾","あまのさかほこ","Amanosakahoko","彼は霧島連山にある高千穂峰の頂上に降り立ち、持っていた三叉の槍、天逆鉾（アマノサカホコ）を地に突き立てて降臨を知らせました。","He descended to the top of Mt. Takachiho in the Kirishima Mountain Range and sank his three-pronged lance, the Amanosakahoko, into the ground to mark his arrival."]
[4268,"鹿児島県・宮崎県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）環境省霧島綿江湾国立公園管理事務所","人物・人名・役職名","神武天皇","じんむてんのう","emperor Jimmu","伝説によると、日本初代天皇である神武天皇は瓊瓊杵尊のひ孫であり、その御子孫は、太陽神の天照大神から瓊瓊杵尊に授けられた三種の神器、剣・鏡・勾玉を今でも持っていると言われています。","According to legend Japan’s first emperor Jimmu was Ninigi no Mikoto’s great-grandson, and his descendants still possess the three sacred gifts of a sword, mirror, and magatama jewel given to him by the sun goddess, Amaterasu."]
[4269,"鹿児島県・宮崎県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）環境省霧島綿江湾国立公園管理事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","背門丘","せとを","Setoo","霧島神宮は現在、山の麓に位置していますが、６世紀に建てられた当初の建物は、背門丘（セトヲ）——瓊瓊杵命が降臨したとされる高千穂峰と、火常峰（ヒノトコミネ、御鉢クレーターの旧名）の間の窪み——にあり、10世紀半ばまではここに鎮座していました。","Although Kirishima Jingu Shrine is now located at the foot of the mountains, the original built in the sixth century was located much higher up at Setoo, a dip between the summit of Mt. Takachiho, where Ninigi no Mikoto is said to have descended to Earth and Hinotokomine (the ancient name for the Ohachi crater)."]
[4270,"鹿児島県・宮崎県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）環境省霧島綿江湾国立公園管理事務所","芸能・興行・イベント","天孫降臨祭","てんそんこうりんさい","Tenson Korin Festival","中でも最も有名な祭りの一つ、天孫降臨祭は、毎年瓊瓊杵尊の地上降臨を祝って11月10日に開催されます。","One of the most famous is the Tenson Korin Festival, a yearly celebration of Ninigi no Mikoto’s arrival on Earth which takes place on November 10th."]
[4271,"鹿児島県・宮崎県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）環境省霧島綿江湾国立公園管理事務所","食","焼酎","しょうちゅう","shochu","注目の特産品は、ジューシーな豚肉や牛肉、そして鶏肉です。さつま芋が原料の地元醸造焼酎と一緒にいただくのがベストです。","Notable local specialties include succulent pork, beef and chicken, best eaten with shochu, a type of local distilled liquor made from sweet potatoes."]
[4272,"鹿児島県・宮崎県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）環境省霧島綿江湾国立公園管理事務所","食","黒酢","くろず","kurozu","霧島の黒酢は、何百年もの歴史がある陶器の壺に入れ、これを何列も並べ屋外で醸造します。","Kirishima’s kurozu, or black vinegar, is brewed outdoors in rows upon rows of centuries-old ceramic jars."]
[4273,"鹿児島県・宮崎県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）環境省霧島綿江湾国立公園管理事務所","人物・人名・役職名","林芙美子","はやしふみこ","Hayashi Fumiko","桜島暮らしの母親を持った小説家、林芙美子（1903〜1951）に捧げた記念碑。彼女は短編小説『放浪記』——英語では “A Wanderer’s Notebook” で知られている——で最も有名です。近くのギフトショップでは彼女の本や記念品が売られています。","A monument to novelist Hayashi Fumiko (1903–1951), whose mother lived on Sakurajima. She is best known for her short story “Horoki,” known in English as “A Wanderer’s Notebook.” Souvenir shops nearby sell her books and other memorabilia."]
[4274,"鹿児島県・宮崎県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）環境省霧島綿江湾国立公園管理事務所","書物","放浪記","ほうろうき","Horoki","桜島暮らしの母親を持った小説家、林芙美子（1903〜1951）に捧げた記念碑。彼女は短編小説『放浪記』——英語では “A Wanderer’s Notebook” で知られている——で最も有名です。近くのギフトショップでは彼女の本や記念品が売られています。","A monument to novelist Hayashi Fumiko (1903–1951), whose mother lived on Sakurajima. She is best known for her short story “Horoki,” known in English as “A Wanderer’s Notebook.” Souvenir shops nearby sell her books and other memorabilia."]
[4275,"鹿児島県・宮崎県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）環境省霧島綿江湾国立公園管理事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","黒神埋没鳥居","くろかみまいぼつとりい","Kurokami Buried Shrine Gate","黒神埋没鳥居","Kurokami Buried Shrine Gate"]
[4276,"鹿児島県・宮崎県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）環境省霧島綿江湾国立公園管理事務所","植物","ススキ","すすき","Japanese pampas grass","この地域は特に「ミヤマキリシマ」とよばれる5月下旬に咲くツツジと、8月下旬〜10月半ばにかけてみられるススキで有名です。","This area is particularly famous for the Miyama Kirishima azaleas that bloom in late May and the Japanese pampas grass in late August to mid-October."]
[4277,"鹿児島県・宮崎県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）環境省霧島綿江湾国立公園管理事務所","植物","イタドリ","いたどり","Japanese knotweed","桜島の頂上付近では、火口の一番近い所にススキやイタドリが生息しています。そこから下ると、落葉性常緑樹のヒサカキやヤシャブシを見ることができます。火口からさらに離れると、クロマツや月桂樹が生い茂っています。","Around Sakurajima’s summit, closest to the volcanic vents, Japanese pampas grass and Japanese knotweed grow, while further down, Japanese eurya and Japanese green alder—deciduous evergreen shrubs—can be found. Further from the crater, Japanese black pine and Japanese bay trees thrive."]
[4278,"鹿児島県・宮崎県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）環境省霧島綿江湾国立公園管理事務所","植物","ヒサカキ","ひさかき","Japanese eurya","桜島の頂上付近では、火口の一番近い所にススキやイタドリが生息しています。そこから下ると、落葉性常緑樹のヒサカキやヤシャブシを見ることができます。火口からさらに離れると、クロマツや月桂樹が生い茂っています。","Around Sakurajima’s summit, closest to the volcanic vents, Japanese pampas grass and Japanese knotweed grow, while further down, Japanese eurya and Japanese green alder—deciduous evergreen shrubs—can be found. Further from the crater, Japanese black pine and Japanese bay trees thrive."]
[4279,"鹿児島県・宮崎県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）環境省霧島綿江湾国立公園管理事務所","植物","ヤシャブシ","やしゃぶし","Japanese green alder","桜島の頂上付近では、火口の一番近い所にススキやイタドリが生息しています。そこから下ると、落葉性常緑樹のヒサカキやヤシャブシを見ることができます。火口からさらに離れると、クロマツや月桂樹が生い茂っています。","Around Sakurajima’s summit, closest to the volcanic vents, Japanese pampas grass and Japanese knotweed grow, while further down, Japanese eurya and Japanese green alder—deciduous evergreen shrubs—can be found. Further from the crater, Japanese black pine and Japanese bay trees thrive."]
[4280,"鹿児島県・宮崎県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）環境省霧島綿江湾国立公園管理事務所","植物","クロマツ","くろまつ","Japanese black pine","桜島の頂上付近では、火口の一番近い所にススキやイタドリが生息しています。そこから下ると、落葉性常緑樹のヒサカキやヤシャブシを見ることができます。火口からさらに離れると、クロマツや月桂樹が生い茂っています。","Around Sakurajima’s summit, closest to the volcanic vents, Japanese pampas grass and Japanese knotweed grow, while further down, Japanese eurya and Japanese green alder—deciduous evergreen shrubs—can be found. Further from the crater, Japanese black pine and Japanese bay trees thrive."]
[4281,"鹿児島県・宮崎県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）環境省霧島綿江湾国立公園管理事務所","植物","月桂樹","げっけいじゅ","Japanese bay","桜島の頂上付近では、火口の一番近い所にススキやイタドリが生息しています。そこから下ると、落葉性常緑樹のヒサカキやヤシャブシを見ることができます。火口からさらに離れると、クロマツや月桂樹が生い茂っています。","Around Sakurajima’s summit, closest to the volcanic vents, Japanese pampas grass and Japanese knotweed grow, while further down, Japanese eurya and Japanese green alder—deciduous evergreen shrubs—can be found. Further from the crater, Japanese black pine and Japanese bay trees thrive."]
[4282,"鹿児島県・宮崎県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）環境省霧島綿江湾国立公園管理事務所","動物","ヤマビル","やまびる","land leeches","御池周辺の地域にはヤマヒルが生息しています。","The area around Lake Miike is home to land leeches."]
[4283,"鹿児島県・宮崎県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）環境省霧島綿江湾国立公園管理事務所","植物","ミヤマキリシマ","みやまきりしま","Miyama Kirishima azalea","この地域は特に「ミヤマキリシマ」とよばれる5月下旬に咲くツツジと、8月下旬〜10月半ばにかけてみられるススキで有名です。","This area is particularly famous for the Miyama Kirishima azaleas that bloom in late May and the Japanese pampas grass in late August to mid-October."]
[4284,"鹿児島県・宮崎県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）環境省霧島綿江湾国立公園管理事務所","動物","アオゲラ","あおげら","Japanese green woodpecker","自然の中を歩く間サウンドトラックを奏でるのは、アオゲラやカッコウの鳥類。","Providing a soundtrack to your nature walk are birds such as the Japanese green woodpecker and cuckoos."]
[4285,"鹿児島県・宮崎県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）環境省霧島綿江湾国立公園管理事務所","動物","カッコウ","かっこう"," cuckoos","自然の中を歩く間サウンドトラックを奏でるのは、アオゲラやカッコウの鳥類。","Providing a soundtrack to your nature walk are birds such as the Japanese green woodpecker and cuckoos."]
[4286,"鹿児島県・宮崎県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）環境省霧島綿江湾国立公園管理事務所","植物","ミズナラ","みずなら","Mongolian oak,","ミズナラ、ブナ、カエデなど、3つの火口湖をめぐる自然道には高木が立ち並んでいます。","Mongolian oak, Japanese beech, maple, and other tall trees grow along the nature trail that takes in the three crater lakes."]
[4287,"鹿児島県・宮崎県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）環境省霧島綿江湾国立公園管理事務所","植物","ブナ","ぶな","Japanese beech","ミズナラ、ブナ、カエデなど、3つの火口湖をめぐる自然道には高木が立ち並んでいます。","Mongolian oak, Japanese beech, maple, and other tall trees grow along the nature trail that takes in the three crater lakes."]
[4288,"鹿児島県・宮崎県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）環境省霧島綿江湾国立公園管理事務所","植物","カエデ","かえで","maple","ミズナラ、ブナ、カエデなど、3つの火口湖をめぐる自然道には高木が立ち並んでいます。","Mongolian oak, Japanese beech, maple, and other tall trees grow along the nature trail that takes in the three crater lakes."]
[4289,"鹿児島県・宮崎県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）環境省霧島綿江湾国立公園管理事務所","植物","アカマツ","あかまつ","red pine","硫黄山に近づくと土壌の質はさらに劣化し、アカマツもまばらになります。","Moving closer to Mt. Ioyama, the quality of the soil declines further, and the red pines start to thin."]
[4290,"鹿児島県・宮崎県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）環境省霧島綿江湾国立公園管理事務所","植物","モミ","もみ","momi fir","大浪池の周辺で育つ木には、もみの木、ツガ、多様な常緑樹の他に、ブナやナラなどの落葉広葉樹があります。","Among the momi fir, southern Japanese hemlock, and various evergreens that grow around Lake Onami-ike are Japanese beech, oak, and other broadleaf deciduous trees."]
[4291,"鹿児島県・宮崎県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）環境省霧島綿江湾国立公園管理事務所","植物","ツガ","つが","southern Japanese hemlock","大浪池の周辺で育つ木には、もみの木、ツガ、多様な常緑樹の他に、ブナやナラなどの落葉広葉樹があります。","Among the momi fir, southern Japanese hemlock, and various evergreens that grow around Lake Onami-ike are Japanese beech, oak, and other broadleaf deciduous trees."]
[4292,"鹿児島県・宮崎県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）環境省霧島綿江湾国立公園管理事務所","植物","カシ","かし","oak","大浪池の周辺では、モミ、ツガや色々な常緑樹に混じり、日本ブナ、カシやその他の落葉広葉樹が生育します。","Among the momi fir, southern Japanese hemlock, and various evergreens that grow around Lake Onami are Japanese beech, oak, and other broadleaf deciduous trees."]
[4293,"鹿児島県・宮崎県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）環境省霧島綿江湾国立公園管理事務所","動物","クロツラヘラサギ","くろつらへらさぎ","black-faced spoonbill","甲殻類、軟体動物、さらに絶滅危惧種のクロツラヘラサギを含む様々な鳥類などが、重富海水浴場では見られます。","Crustaceans, mollusks, and various birds including the endangered black-faced spoonbill can be found on Shigetomi Beach."]
[4294,"鹿児島県・宮崎県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）環境省霧島綿江湾国立公園管理事務所","工芸・美術品","黒千代香","くろじょか","kurojoka","指宿は真のグルメパラダイスです。鰹のタタキ（seared skipjack tuna）の燻った香りと風味を楽しむのもいいし、地元の焼酎（さつま芋の蒸留酒）を、お湯で薄めて伝統的な黒い薩摩陶器「黒茶家」に入れて飲む薩摩スタイルで味わうこともできます。","Ibusuki is a real gourmet paradise. Sample the smoky aroma and flavor of katsuo-no-tataki, seared skipjack tuna, or sip the local shochu sweet potato spirit Satsuma-style—diluted with hot water and served in kurojoka, traditional black Satsuma pottery."]
[4295,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","岳参り","たけまいり","takemairi","「岳参り」として知られる参拝では、春になると集落の代表者が近くの山頂に上り、大漁と豊作と村人たちの家内安全を願い、祈りを捧げます。秋にも再び登り、山の神々に感謝の気持ちを届けます。","In the pilgrimage practice known as takemairi, township representatives ascend a nearby peak each spring to pray for good fishing, plentiful harvests, and the well-being of villagers. "]
[4296,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","食","かからん団子","かからんだんご","kakaran dango","サトウキビとヨモギの味が特徴のもちもちしたお米のお菓子、屋久島の特産「かからん団子」を是非試してみください。","It is a good place to try kakaran dango, the sticky-rice confection flavored with cane sugar and mugwort that is a specialty of Yakushima. "]
[4297,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","食","ポンカン","ぽんかん","ponkan","この集落で他に有名なのが柑橘系ポンカンの果樹栽培です。","Another local claim to fame is the cultivation of ponkan tangerines. "]
[4298,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","しめ縄","しめなわ","shimenawa","神社のしめ縄（神聖な場所の結界として張られる藁の縄）は、1年に2回、2月と8月中旬に、近隣の農家から集められた稲わらで新調されます。","Twice yearly, in February and mid-August, the shrine’s shimenawa, the straw rope hung to demarcate sacred space, is fashioned anew with rice straw gathered from nearby farms."]
[4299,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","年中行事","棒踊り","ぼうおどり","bo-odor","8月のお盆の時期に足を運ぶと、棒を手にしてリズミカルに躍る棒踊りを見ることができます。","Visit during the August Obon festivities to see bo-odori, a rhythmic dance performed with sticks."]
[4300,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","社会","縄文杉","じょうもんすぎ","Jomon Sugi","ヤクスギランドがあるレクリエーションの森や、縄文杉に続く登山道への入口としてよく知られているだけではありません。","While it is best known as a gateway to the recreational forest of Yakusugi Land and the trails that lead to Jomon Sugi, Harumaki also has much to offer travelers who linger in its coastal community."]
[4301,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","テーマ施設等","ヤクスギランド","やくすぎらんど","Yakusugi Land","ヤクスギランドがあるレクリエーションの森や、縄文杉に続く登山道への入口としてよく知られているだけではありません。","While it is best known as a gateway to the recreational forest of Yakusugi Land and the trails that lead to Jomon Sugi, Harumaki also has much to offer travelers who linger in its coastal community."]
[4302,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","食","首折れサバ","くびおれさば","kubioresaba","賞に輝いた「首折れサバ」（朝獲れたばかりのサバの首を折り、すぐさま血抜きをして、その日に刺身としていただく）は特別なごちそうです。","The prized kubioresaba––mackerel caught in the morning and bled immediately, meant to be enjoyed as sashimi that day"]
[4303,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","食","サバ節","さばぶし","sababushi ","というのも、その日に水揚げされたサバの大半は出汁用の高級なサバ節に加工するために使われるからです。","since most of the daily catch is earmarked for processing into high-quality sababushi fillets for stock-making."]
[4304,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","食","屋久サバ","やくさば","Yakusaba","職人技が光る煙でいぶした切り身のサバ節は、「屋久サバ」のブランド名で全国に知れわたり、この集落の特産品のひとつです。","These artisanal, smoke-cured sababushi fillets, recognized nationwide as the Yakusaba brand, are one of this township’s standout products. "]
[4305,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","年中行事","十五夜","じゅうごや","jugoya","旧暦8月15日の夜は、十五夜として知られています。","The fifteenth night of the eighth month by the lunar calendar is known as jugoya."]
[4306,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","史跡","石敢當","せかんと","sekkanto","近くの裏道を歩きながら、「石敢當」を探してみましょう。これは、先のとがった石で、魔除けとして十字路に置かれています。","While walking on the back streets nearby, look for sekkanto, stones with pointed tops, placed at intersections to ward off evil."]
[4307,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","山岳","前岳","まえだけ","Maedake mountain","遠く離れた前岳から涼しい風が吹いてくるので、ちょっと涼むのに最適な、夏の夜の人気のスポットです。","It is a favorite spot on summer evenings for catching the cool breezes that sail down from the Maedake mountain range in the distance."]
[4308,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）屋久島外国人観光促進協議会","河川・渓谷","白谷雲水峡","しらたにうんすいきょう","Shiratani Unsuikyo Ravine","白谷雲水峡は、屋久島北部に位置し、巨石、空洞のある古木、滝、たくさんの珍しい植物や苔のある自然林です。","Shiratani Unsuikyo Ravine is a natural forest with giant boulders, old hollow trees, waterfalls, and many rare species of plants and moss. "]
[4309,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）屋久島外国人観光促進協議会","植物","屋久杉","やくすぎ","yakusugi ","そのトレッキングコースでは、島で最も古い杉の木々のそばを通り抜けます。千年以上の(樹齢を持つ)これらの杉はこの場所(訳注：屋久島)でしか見られないので、屋久杉と呼ばれています。","The hiking trails along the ravine pass some of the oldest sugi trees on the island; those older than one thousand years are referred to as yakusugi as they are found only here. "]
[4310,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）屋久島外国人観光促進協議会","食","焼酎","しょうちゅう","shochu ","焼酎とは、九州で特に人気のある蒸留酒です。焼酎は普通、米、大麦、そば、サツマイモ、または黒糖から作られ","Shochu is distilled liquor especially popular in Kyushu. "]
[4311,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）屋久島外国人観光促進協議会","自然現象","梅雨","つゆ","rainy season","雨の時期に滝のそばへ行く場合には注意が必要です。","Use care when approaching the falls during typhoons and the rainy season, though."]
[4312,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）屋久島外国人観光促進協議会","滝","大川の滝","おこうのたき\nまたは\nおっこうのたき","Oko Waterfall","大川の滝は88メートルという見事な高さで、屋久島で最も高い滝です。","Standing at an impressive 88 m high, Oko Waterfall is Yakushima’s tallest waterfall. "]
[4313,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）屋久島外国人観光促進協議会","滝","千尋の滝","せんぴろのたき","Senpiro Waterfall","千尋の滝は、高さ60メートルの壮観な名所です。","At 60 m tall, Senpiro Waterfall is a spectacular site. "]
[4314,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）屋久島外国人観光促進協議会","その他","尋","ひろ","fathoms","「せんぴろ」とは(日本語で)「千尋の長さ(訳注：one thousand fathoms)」という意味です。","Senpiro literally means “one thousand fathoms. ","※尋とは長さの単位で、大人が両手を広げた長さのこと。"]
[4315,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）屋久島外国人観光促進協議会","海岸・岬","永田いなか浜","ながたいなかはま","Nagata Inakahama Beach","永田いなか浜は、屋久島で最も美しい海岸の1つです。","Nagata Inakahama Beach is one of Yakushima’s most beautiful beaches. ","※「永田いなか浜」と呼ばれる地域にある、ビーチであるため。"]
[4316,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）屋久島外国人観光促進協議会","動物","ヤクザル","やくざる","Yaku macaques","森には、ヤクザルやヤクシカが生息しています。どちらも、日本北部の種の亜種です。","The forest is inhabited by Yaku macaques and Yaku deer, both subspecies of their northern Japanese counterparts."]
[4317,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）屋久島外国人観光促進協議会","動物","ヤクシカ","やくしか","Yaku deer","森には、ヤクザルやヤクシカが生息しています。どちらも、日本北部の種の亜種です。","The forest is inhabited by Yaku macaques and Yaku deer, both subspecies of their northern Japanese counterparts."]
[4318,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）屋久島外国人観光促進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","島津氏","しまづし","Shimazu clan","これは、16世紀後半に鹿児島の島津氏の力が増大するにつれ、変化し始めます。","This started to change with the growing power of the Shimazu clan of Kagoshima in the late sixteenth century. "]
[4319,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）屋久島外国人観光促進協議会","植物","杉","すぎ","sugi","屋久島だけに生育する、独特な杉(Cryptomeria japonica)の種類である、屋久杉に大きく重点を置いていることで知られています。","It is known for its large concentration of yakusugi, a unique species of Japanese cedar tree, or sugi in Japanese (Cryptomeria japonica), found only on Yakushima. ","※斜体を利用し、「cedar tree」「Cryptomeria japonica(学名)」を併記することで理解を助ける。"]
[4320,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）屋久島外国人観光促進協議会","山岳","太忠岳","たっちゅうだけ","Mt. Tachu","上級者は、150分のトレッキングの途中で迂回して、山頂に高さ40メートルの荘厳な一枚岩がある太忠岳を登ることもできます。","Experienced hikers can take a detour halfway through the 150-minute trail and climb Mt. Tachu, where they will find a majestic 40 m–tall monolith at the summit."]
[4321,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）屋久島外国人観光促進協議会","植物","紀元杉","きげんすぎ","Kigen Sugi (Ancient Sugi)","紀元杉\n\n紀元杉は、標高1230メートルの場所に生えた、樹高19.5メートルの島で一番高い屋久杉の1つです。","Kigen Sugi (Ancient Sugi)\n\nAt an altitude of 1230 m and rising to a height of 19.5 m, Kigen Sugi is one of the highest and tallest yakusugi on the island. ","※タイトル、または初出のみ「Ancient Sugi」を併記し、「紀元」の意味やニュアンスを伝える。"]
[4322,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）屋久島外国人観光促進協議会","植物","三代杉","さんだいすぎ","Sandai Sugi (Third Generation Sugi)","三代杉\n\n屋久島の絶えず再生している森では、苔で覆われた古い切株から新しい木が生えます。","Sandai Sugi (Third Generation Sugi)\n\nIn the constantly-regenerating forests of Yakushima, new trees arise from the remains of older moss-covered stumps.","※タイトル、または初出のみ「Third Generation Sugi」を併記し、「紀元」の意味やニュアンスを伝える。"]
[4323,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）屋久島外国人観光促進協議会","植物","翁杉","おきなすぎ","Okina Sugi (Old Man Sugi)","翁杉(訳注：英語では老人の杉と説明）\n\nかつて巨大で、堂々たる姿をしていた翁杉。樹齢は約2000年と考えられています。","Okina Sugi (Old Man Sugi)\n\nOnce gigantic and imposing, Okina Sugi, is thought to have lived for around 2000 years. ","※タイトル、または初出のみ「Old man Sugi」を併記し、「翁」の意味やニュアンスを伝える。"]
[4324,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）屋久島外国人観光促進協議会","植物","ウィルソン株","うぃるそんかぶ","Wilson’s Stump","ウィルソン株は、およそ500年前に切り倒された樹齢2000年の大きな屋久杉の残りです。","Wilson’s Stump is the remains of a gigantic two-thousand--year-old yakusugi cut down around five hundred years ago. "]
[4325,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）屋久島外国人観光促進協議会","植物","大王杉","だいおうすぎ","Daio Sugi (Great King Sugi)","大王杉は、屋久島で最大、最古の屋久杉の1つです。","Daio Sugi (Great King Sugi) is one of the largest and oldest yakusugi trees on Yakushima. ","※タイトル、または初出のみ「Great King Sugi」を併記し、「大王」の意味やニュアンスを伝える。"]
[4326,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）屋久島外国人観光促進協議会","植物","双子杉","ふたごすぎ","Futago Sugi (Twin Sugi) ","双子杉\n\n双子杉(訳注：英語ではTwin Sugi Trees)は、切り倒された同じ木の幹から伸びる、2つの小杉から成ります。","Futago Sugi (Twin Sugi) \n\nFutago Sugi consists of two kosugi trees that have grown from the same felled tree trunk","※タイトル、または初出のみ「Twin Sugi」を併記し、「双子」の意味やニュアンスを伝える。 "]
[4327,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）屋久島外国人観光促進協議会","温泉","平内海中温泉","ひらうちかいちゅうおんせん","Hirauchi Kaichu Onsen","平内海中温泉は、南部の海岸の絶景も見える、海中温泉です。","Hirauchi Kaichu Onsen is an undersea hot spring with a magnificent view of Yakushima’s southern coast. "]
[4328,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）屋久島外国人観光促進協議会","植物","縄文杉","じょうもんすぎ","Jomon Sugi","荘厳な縄文杉は、屋久島で最古かつ最大の屋久杉です。","The majestic Jomon Sugi is the oldest and largest yakusugi on Yakushima. "]
[4329,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）屋久島外国人観光促進協議会","温泉","混浴風呂","こんよく"," gender-mixed","すべて混浴で、入浴客は湯船の中でもタオルの着用が認められています。","All baths are gender-mixed, and visitors are allowed to keep a towel inside the water to preserve modesty. "]
[4330,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）屋久島外国人観光促進協議会","その他","西部林道","せいぶりんどう"," Seibu Rindo Forest Path","西部林道は、屋久島の西部に位置し、様々な種類の亜熱帯性の木や植物に囲まれています。","Located in the western part of Yakushima, Seibu Rindo Forest Path is bounded by a wide variety of subtropical trees and plants. "]
[4331,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）屋久島外国人観光促進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","恵比寿","えびす","Ebisu, the Japanese god of fishermen","観光客は、ぜひ屋久島灯台の裏も見てください。日本の漁の神様、恵比寿を祀った小さな祠があります。","Visitors are encouraged to take a look behind the lighthouse, where they will find a small shrine dedicated to Ebisu, the Japanese god of fishermen.","※初出以降は「Ebisu」単体の使用も可。"]
[4332,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）屋久島外国人観光促進協議会","植物","ガジュマル","がじゅまる","banyan trees","魅力的な中間集落には、2本の大きなガジュマルから成る木の門があります。","In the charming village of Nakama stands a gate consisting of two large banyan trees. "]
[4333,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）屋久島外国人観光促進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","宮大工","みやだいく","Specialized Shinto shrine carpenters","宮大工を雇って建設されました。","Specialized Shinto shrine carpenters were employed to build the structure. "]
[4334,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）屋久島外国人観光促進協議会","植物","ぽんかん","ぽんかん","ponkan","現在、屋久島は「ぽんかん」と「たんかん」と呼ばれる種類のオレンジの最大の生産地です。","Today Yakushima is Japan’s largest producer of ponkan and tankan, both a type of orange. ","※上記例文のように、初出時に柑橘類、あるいはオレンジの仲間であることがわかるようにする。"]
[4335,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）屋久島外国人観光促進協議会","植物","たんかん","たんかん","tankan"," ","Today Yakushima is Japan’s largest producer of ponkan and tankan, both a type of orange. ","※上記例文のように、初出時に柑橘類、あるいはオレンジの仲間であることがわかるようにする。"]
[4336,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）屋久島外国人観光促進協議会","レジャー・アクティビティ","栗生浜海水浴場","くりおはまかいすいよくじょう","Kurio Beach","久島の南西にある栗生浜は、港を保護する堤防に守られた、のどかな海岸です。(海が穏やかなため、)子ども連れの家族に適しています。","Found in the southwest of Yakushima and protected by sea walls, the calm waters of peaceful Kurio Beach are suited to families with children. ","※「栗生」にある浜、海水浴場であるため、「hama」を表記しない(永田いなか浜との違い)"]
[4337,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）屋久島外国人観光促進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","八幡神社","はちまんじんじゃ","Hachiman Shrine","海岸の右側には、戦士の神である八幡神社の赤い鳥居があります。","On the right coastal side stands the red torii gate of Hachiman Shrine, dedicated to the god of warriors. "]
[4338,"鹿児島県 ","（奄美群島国立公園）天城町観光受入促進協議会","植物","シャリンバイ","しゃりんばい","Japanese hawthorn","何世紀にもわたって、奄美の染物職人たちは、シャリンバイのピンク色の花を、この地方の絹織物「大島紬」を織る絹糸を染め付けるのに利用してきました。","The pink flowers of the Japanese hawthorn (sharinbai) have been used for centuries by Amami dyers in preparing silk for weaving the local kimono fabric known as oshima tsumugi."]
[4339,"鹿児島県 ","（奄美群島国立公園）天城町観光受入促進協議会","植物","アダン","あだん","pandanus","タコノキ科の一種であるアダンは豊富に生えています。島の人々は、アダンの葉を編んでバスケットや草履という伝統的なサンダルを作ります。","A species of pandanus or fragrant screw pine (adan), is plentiful. Islanders use the leaves to weave baskets and traditional zori sandals."]
[4340,"鹿児島県 ","（奄美群島国立公園）天城町観光受入促進協議会","岩石・洞窟","花崗岩","かこうがん","granite","花崗岩の巨岩は、徳之島の北西端に沿って、この特徴的な海岸の一帯を作り上げています。","Massive slabs of granite make up this distinctive stretch of coast along the island’s northwest tip. "]
[4341,"鹿児島県 ","（奄美群島国立公園）天城町観光受入促進協議会","テーマ施設等","松原闘牛場","まつばらとうぎゅうじょう","Matsubara Togyu-jo Bullring","松原闘牛場","Matsubara Togyu-jo Bullring"]
[4342,"鹿児島県 ","（奄美群島国立公園）天城町観光受入促進協議会","工芸・美術品","戸森の線刻画","ともりのせんこくが","Tomori Petroglyphs","帆船と矢は、秋利神川の近くにある「戸森の線刻画」に繰り返し表れるモチーフです。","Sailing ships and arrows are recurrent images on the Tomori no senkokuga, or Tomori Petroglyphs, near the Akirigami River."]
[4343,"鹿児島県 ","（奄美群島国立公園）天城町観光受入促進協議会","岩石・洞窟","海中地下洞窟ウンブキ","ちちゅうちかどうくつうんぶき","Unbuki Underground Seawater Cave","海中地下洞窟ウンブキ","Unbuki Underground Seawater Cave"]
[4344,"鹿児島県 ","（奄美群島国立公園）天城町観光受入促進協議会","テーマ施設等","アマミノクロウサギ観察小屋","あまみのくろうさぎかんさつごや","Amami Rabbit Observation Hut","保護活動の主要拠点は、展示を行っており、アマミノクロウサギの生態を研究する施設の役割も担っているアマミノクロウサギ観察小屋です。","A major hub of the rabbit protection effort is the Amami Rabbit Observation Hut, which houses displays and serves as a center for research into the animal’s behavior. "]
[4345,"沖縄県","（奄美群島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神道 ","かみみち","kami-michi\n (spirit road)","たいていの集落は、神々が山から海に向かって通る経路であると言われる「カミミチ」(神の道) を守っています。","Most villages preserve a kami-michi (spirit road), which is said to mark the route spirits take from the mountains to the sea.","※「kami-michi」は斜体で表記。補足で「 (spirit road)」を付ける。"]
[4346,"沖縄県","（奄美群島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","滝","カーム滝","かーむだき","Kaamu-daki","例えば、ここに暮らす人々は天城岳の3つの滝のひとつであるカーム滝を今も日常的な水源として利用しています。","For instance, local residents still use Kaamu-daki, one of Mt. Amagidake’s three waterfalls, as a regular water source.","※斜体表記なし。"]
[4347,"沖縄県","（奄美群島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","岩石・洞窟","潮吹き洞窟フーチャ","しおふきどうくつふーちゃ","Fucha Spray Cave","潮吹き洞窟フーチャ","Fucha Spray Cave","※これまで「Fucha Squirting cave」とされていたが、本事業にて潮吹きの表現を「Spray」に変更"]
[4348,"沖縄県","（奄美群島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","動物","アマミノクロウサギ","あまみのくろうさぎ"," Amami rabbit","奄美大島の希少な固有種の多くはこの森をすみかとしており、その中にはアマミノクロウサギ、絶滅が危惧される腹部が黄色のシリケンイモリ、リュウキュウコノハズク、ルリカケス、リュウキュウハナサキガエル、アマミイシカワガエルなどがいます。","Many of the island’s rare and endemic animals find shelter among the trees, including the Amami rabbit, the endangered yellow-bellied sword-tail newt (shirikenimori), the Ryukyu Scops-owl, the Amami jay, the Ryukyu tip-nosed frog, and the Amami Ishikawa’s frog.","※斜体表示なし。日本名には「黒」が入るが、英語では「black」の記載はなし"]
[4349,"沖縄県","（奄美群島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","動物","アマミトゲネズミ","あまみとげねずみ","Amami spiny rats","川沿いの森の中を約1.5㎞歩くことができる。この森にはアマミノクロウサギ、リュウキュウイノシシ、アマミトゲネズミ、5種類のカエル、7種類のトンボが住み、希少植物もたくさん生えている。","Visitors can walk along a 1.5-kilometer stretch of the river, through a forest inhabited by Amami rabbits, Ryukyu wild boar, Amami spiny rats, five species of frog, and seven species of dragonfly, as well as many rare plants. ","※斜体表記なし。"]
[4350,"沖縄県","（奄美群島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","ノロ","のろ","noro","祝女（ノロ）が豊作を祈願します。","The festival, during which priestesses (noro) pray for good harvests.","※「noro」は斜体で表記。「priestesses」と併せて記載することが望ましい"]
[4351,"沖縄県","（奄美群島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","芸能・興行・イベント","ショチガマ","しょちがま","Shochogama","この祭りでは、集落の男性と子供はショチョガマという儀式に参加します。","During the festival, men and children from the village take part in the Shochogama ritual.","※斜体表記なし。"]
[4352,"沖縄県","（奄美群島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","動物","クズモガニ","くずもがに"," Japanese mitten crab","ミズガニ漁の伝統は少なくとも200年前から続いており、長年の間にミズガニの数は減少しているものの、今でも集落の生活の重要な一部です。","The tradition of catching Japanese mitten crab (mizugani) has been carried on for at least two centuries and is still an important part of village life.","※斜体表記なし。"]
[4353,"沖縄県","（奄美群島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","岩石・洞窟","昇竜洞","しょうりゅうどう","Shoryudo Caves","昇竜洞を探検する。","Discovering the Shoryudo Caves.","※斜体表記なし。"]
[4354,"沖縄県","（奄美群島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","植物","アダン","あだん","adan","海岸線沿いの植生には、甘い香りで知られるタコノキ属のアダンがあります。","The vegetation along the shoreline includes a species of pandanus, or screw palm (adan), known for its sweet fragrance.","※「adan」は斜体で表記。"]
[4355,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）徳之島多言語解説協議会","テーマ施設等","金見崎展望台","かなみざきてんぼうだい","Kanami Lookout","ソテツトンネルの向こう側にある金見崎展望台からは、トンネルの青々と茂る葉と周辺の景色、東シナ海と太平洋、さらに良く晴れた日には与路島・請島・加計呂麻島を見渡す壮観なパノラマが望めます。","The Kanami Lookout at the end of the Palm Tunnel provides a spectacular panorama over the lush greenery of the tunnel and its surroundings; the East China Sea and the Pacific Ocean; and on clear days across to the islands of Yorojima, Ukejima, and Kakeromajima."]
[4356,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）徳之島多言語解説協議会","建造物等","第46代横綱朝潮太郎記念像","だいよんじゅうろくだいよこづなあさしおたろうきねんぞう","Statue of 46th Sumo Grand Champion Asashio Taro","第46代横綱朝潮太郎記念像","Statue of 46th Sumo Grand Champion Asashio Taro"]
[4357,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺産群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","今帰仁城","なきじんぐすく","Nakijin Castle","この1/100縮尺模型は、14世紀半ばから15世紀にかけての今帰仁城の最盛期の城壁の様子です。","This 1/100 scale model shows the Nakijin Castle walls as they existed during its most prosperous period, from the mid-fourteenth through the fifteenth centuries."]
[4358,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺産群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","社会","琉球三山時代","りゅうきゅうさんざんじだい","Ryukyu Three Kingdoms period","今帰仁城の最盛期は、琉球王国が北山、中山、南山という三つの王国に分かれていた琉球三山時代（1314〜1429）と同じ時期でした。","This coincided with the Ryukyu Three Kingdoms period (1314–1429), when the country was divided into the Hokuzan (Northern Mountain), Chuzan (Central Mountain), and Nanzan (Southern Mountain) kingdoms."]
[4359,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺産群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","社会","北山","ほくざん","Hokuzan","今帰仁城の最盛期は、琉球王国が北山、中山、南山という三つの王国に分かれていた琉球三山時代（1314〜1429）と同じ時期でした。","This coincided with the Ryukyu Three Kingdoms period (1314–1429), when the country was divided into the Hokuzan (Northern Mountain), Chuzan (Central Mountain), and Nanzan (Southern Mountain) kingdoms."]
[4360,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺産群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","社会","中山","ちゅうざん","Chuzan","今帰仁城の最盛期は、琉球王国が北山、中山、南山という三つの王国に分かれていた琉球三山時代（1314〜1429）と同じ時期でした。","This coincided with the Ryukyu Three Kingdoms period (1314–1429), when the country was divided into the Hokuzan (Northern Mountain), Chuzan (Central Mountain), and Nanzan (Southern Mountain) kingdoms."]
[4361,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺産群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","社会","南山","なんざん","Nanzan","今帰仁城の最盛期は、琉球王国が北山、中山、南山という三つの王国に分かれていた琉球三山時代（1314〜1429）と同じ時期でした。","This coincided with the Ryukyu Three Kingdoms period (1314–1429), when the country was divided into the Hokuzan (Northern Mountain), Chuzan (Central Mountain), and Nanzan (Southern Mountain) kingdoms."]
[4362,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺産群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","河川・渓谷","志慶真川","しげまがわ","Shigema River","岩の多い山腹に立てられた今帰仁城は、東シナ海を見晴らしつつ本部半島にそびえており、東の険しい峡谷から城の主な水源であった志慶真川に水が流れます。 ","The rocky, mountainside site dominates the Motobu Peninsula and overlooks the East China Sea, while a steep gorge to the east drops down to the Shigema River, the castle’s main source of water.  "]
[4363,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺産群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","岩石・洞窟","古期石灰岩","こきせっかいがん","ancient limestone","よく知られている不規則に積み上げられた古期石灰岩の壁は、14世紀に建築が始まり、徐々に拡大・延長されていきました。","The prominent walls of irregularly stacked ancient limestone were begun in the fourteenth century and progressively enlarged and expanded."]
[4364,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺産群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","曲輪","くるわ","ward","今帰仁は９つの区画 (曲輪（くるわ）または 郭)に分かれています。それぞれが異なった役割を有していたと考えられています。","Nakijin is divided into nine wards (kuruwa or kaku). "]
[4365,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺産群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","ノロ","のろ","noro","今帰仁城が政治的・軍事的な機能を果たさなくなって久しいものの、この城は今でもノロと呼ばれる世襲制の女性祭司が主導する宗教的な儀式に使用されています。","Though the castle has long ceased to function as a political or military center, it is still used for religious ceremonies, which are led by hereditary priestesses called noro."]
[4366,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺産群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","レコーラウーニ","れこーらうーに","Rekhora-uni","レコーラウーニは控えめながら重要な信仰の場所です。","Rekhora-uni is a modest but important spiritual site. "]
[4367,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺産群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","建造物等","野面積み","のづらづみ","nozura-zumi","壁の外側の層には大きめの石が使われており、その隙間には小さな石が詰められています。「野面積み（のづらづみ）」と呼ばれるこの技法は、付近で採れる石の硬さに適した唯一の方法です。","Larger stones are used for the outer layers of the wall, and the space between them is filled with smaller stones. This method, called nozura-zumi, is the only method suited to the hardness of the stone found nearby."]
[4368,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺産群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","建造物等","布積み","ぬのづみ","nunozumi","石を長方形に整形し、規則正しく何層にも並べるのは、見た目が織られた布に似ているため、「布積み」と呼ばれます。","Walls made of stones shaped into rectangular forms and laid in regular layers are called nunozumi, because they resemble woven fabric (nuno). "]
[4369,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺産群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","建造物等","相方積み","あいかたづみ","aikatazumi","最も高度な技法は、石同士をぴったりと合う多角形に整形してから組み合わせる「相方積み（あいかたづみ）」と呼ばれる技法です。","The most skillful method shapes the stones into closely fitted polygons, called aikatazumi."]
[4370,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺産群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","大隅郭","うーしみかく","Ushimi Ward","巨大な防御壁で守られた大隅郭は、城の内側の郭の中では最も大きく、平郎門に最も近い場所にあります。","Protected by massive ramparts, the Ushimi Ward is the largest of the inner wards of the castle, and the closest to the Heiro-mon gate. "]
[4371,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺産群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","河川・渓谷","カー","かー","kaa","この渓谷の呼び名は、現地の言葉で「カー（またはガー）」が「川」あるいは「湧泉」を指し、また「ザフ」が「迫（谷間）」を意味することに由来します。","The name comes from the local language, in which kaa or gaa refers to “river” or “spring,” and zafu means “valley.” "]
[4372,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺産群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","河川・渓谷","ザフ","ざふ","zafu","この渓谷の呼び名は、現地の言葉で「カー（またはガー）」が「川」あるいは「湧泉」を指し、また「ザフ」が「迫（谷間）」を意味することに由来します。","The name comes from the local language, in which kaa or gaa refers to “river” or “spring,” and zafu means “valley.” "]
[4373,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺産群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","カーザフ郭 ","かーざふがく","Kazafu Ward","カーザフ郭 \nこれは、かつて底に天然の湧き水が湧いていた岩が多く険しい谷です。現在は干上がっています。","Kazafu Ward  \nThis is a steep rocky ravine with a natural spring at the bottom, now dry."]
[4374,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺産群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","御内原郭","ううちばるかく"," Uchibaru Ward","御内原郭は城の最も高い場所にあります。","The Uchibaru Ward is the highest enclosure of the castle. "]
[4375,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺産群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","北殿","ほくでん","North Hall","御内原郭は北殿のすぐ後ろの基礎が高くなっている区画に位置しており、この場所は祭祀などの行事に携わるのに便利だったと考えられます。","The ward occupies a raised area immediately behind the North Hall (Hokuden) and would have provided convenient access for ceremonies and other functions. "]
[4376,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺産群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","史跡","御嶽","うたき","utaki","現在と同様、当時も女性は宗教的な儀式において主要な役割を担っていました。今帰仁の最も重要な御嶽である「テンチジアマチジ」もこの区画の中にあります。","Then as now, women played the primary role in religious ceremonies, and the most important spiritual site (utaki) at Nakijin, the Tenchiji Amachiji, is located within this enclosure. "]
[4377,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺産群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","史跡","上之嶽","かみのたけ","Upper Utaki","城の守護神が住んでいるとされるテンチジアマチジ、別称上之嶽は、今帰仁で最も重要な御嶽です。","The Tenchiji-Amachiji, also called the Upper Utaki, is the most important utaki at Nakijin, where the guardian god of the castle is believed to reside. "]
[4378,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺産群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","グスク","ぐすく","gusuku","実際、一部の歴史家は、一般的に城を意味するグスクという語は、当初軍事的な拠点ではなく宗教的な拠点を指していたと信じています。","In fact, some historians believe that the term gusuku, commonly used for castles, initially referred to a spiritual rather than a military stronghold."]
[4379,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺産群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","火之神","ひぬかん","Hinukan","琉球土着の信仰において、火之神は火を司る神様です。","Hinukan is the god of fire in the indigenous Ryukyuan religion."]
[4380,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺産群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","社会","グスク時代","ぐすくじだい","Gusuku period","この時期は、12世紀から15世紀まで続いたグスク時代という時代区分内に位置付けられます。","This places it within what is known as the Gusuku period, which lasted from the twelfth to fifteenth centuries."]
[4381,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺産群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","勾玉","まがたま","magatama","勾玉と呼ばれる装飾的な石で作られた首飾りは、何世紀にもわたって地位と権力の象徴として大切にされており、母から娘に受け継がれています。 ","Necklaces of stone ornaments called magatama have been prized symbols of status and power for centuries and are handed down from mother to daughter. "]
[4382,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺産群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","人物・人名・役職名","阿麻和利","あまわり","Amawari","この城は、15世紀にこの地域を統治した領主「阿麻和利」の盛衰と深い関わりを持っています。","It is closely associated with the rise and fall of Lord Amawari, who ruled the region in the fifteenth century."]
[4383,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺産群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","勝連城跡","かつれんぐすくあと","Katsuren Castle Ruins","沖縄に現存する主な城跡には勝連城跡の他に、首里城、中城城、今帰仁城、座喜味城があり、これらは全てユネスコの世界遺産に登録されています。","In addition to the Katsuren Castle Ruins, prominent surviving castle ruins in Okinawa include Shuri Castle, Naka Castle, Nakijin Castle, and Zakimi Castle, all of which are UNESCO World Heritage sites."]
[4384,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺産群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","人物・人名・役職名","百度踏揚","ももとふみあがり","Momoto Fumiagari","15世紀初期の王女・百度踏揚の波乱に満ちた運命は、彼女が生きた動乱の時代を反映しています。","Momoto Fumiagari was a royal princess of the early fifteenth century whose turbulent fortunes mirrored the era in which she lived."]
[4385,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺産群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","社会","貝塚時代","かいづかじだい","shell mound period","後期貝塚時代と呼ばれるこの時期、琉球の社会は徐々に大きな集団を形成していきました。","This period is known as the late shell mound (kaizuka) period, during which Ryukyu society gradually coalesced into large groups."]
[4386,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺産群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","四脚門","しきゃくもん","four-legged gate","この門は四脚門と呼ばれています。","It is called a shikyaku-mon, or “four-legged gate.” "]
[4387,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺産群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","建造物等","遺構","いこう","remain","これより前に建てられた基壇の石積みの一部の遺構が発見されており、その遺構は正殿を含む曲輪全体が少なくとも2回建て直されたことを示しています。","Remains of older platform wall sections have been found, which suggests that the entire ward, including the Seiden, was rebuilt at least twice."]
[4388,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺産群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","河川・渓谷","カー","かー","kaa","沖縄にはあまり多くの河川がないので、「カー」と呼ばれる湧泉は、水の供給源であると同時に生活と信仰において重要な役割を担っていました。","Okinawa does not have many large rivers, and so natural springs, known as kaa or gaa, were not only sources of water but played important practical and spiritual roles in daily life."]
[4389,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺産群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","建造物等","亀甲墓","かめこうばか","turtle-shell-shaped tombs","亀の甲羅の形をした墓、故人の骨を納める大きな陶器の壺の使用、野外に遺体をさらす風習など、沖縄には多くの埋葬に関わる慣習があります。","There are many burial customs unique to Okinawa, including turtle-shell-shaped tombs, the use of large ceramic urns for holding bones of the deceased, and the practice of laying out bodies in the open. "]
[4390,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺産群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","建造物等","玉陵","たまうどぅん","Tamaudun","玉陵は、1470年から1879年に在位した歴代琉球国王 19人と王族の遺骨が安置されている非凡な陵墓です。","Tamaudun is a remarkable mausoleum housing the remains of 19 Ryukyu kings who ruled between 1470 and 1879, and other royal family members."]
[4391,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺産群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","建造物等","墓室","はかしつ","crypt","自然の地形と調和した墓を建設する伝統に従って、玉陵の３つの墓室は、石灰岩の崖下にあった天然の洞窟の岩盤を徐々に掘り広げることによってつくられました。","Following the traditional practice of constructing tombs in harmony with natural landforms, the mausoleum has three crypts that began as natural caves below a limestone cliff but were gradually expanded by digging into the bedrock. "]
[4392,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺産群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","その他","洗骨","せんこつ","bone purification","遺体が十分に分解されると、「骨の浄化」を意味する洗骨と呼ばれる再埋葬の儀式が行われます。","When the body is sufficiently decomposed, the ritual of reinternment, called senkotsu, meaning “bone purification” is performed."]
[4393,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺産群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","工芸・美術品","厨子","ずし","sarcophagi","厨子（王家の石棺）は通常、御殿型（うどぅんがた）と呼ばれる家屋や宮殿のミニチュアの形状をしています。","Royal sarcophagi (zushi) are generally shaped like miniature rectangular houses or palaces, called udun-gata."]
[4394,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺産群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","建造物等","玉陵碑","たまうどぅんひ","Jade Monument","玉陵碑は、1501年に王家の陵墓である玉陵が完成したときに建てられた石碑です。","The Jade Monument (Tamaudun-hi) is a carved stone stele that was erected when the Tamaudun Royal Mausoleum was completed in 1501. "]
[4395,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺産群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","建造物等","屋門","やーじょう","yajo","門は屋門(ヤージョウ)と呼ばれる地位の高い家族の住宅に見られる様式です。","The gate is in a style called yajo, reserved for the homes of families of high status."]
[4396,"沖縄県","沖縄県酒造組合","食","黒麹","くろこうじ","kurokoji","水、米、酵母、そして黒麹と呼ばれる特別な黒いコウジカビのみです。","It is made from water, rice, yeast, and a special black mold called kurokoji. "]
[4397,"沖縄県","沖縄県酒造組合","食","仕次ぎ","しつぎ","shitsugi","仕次ぎと呼ばれる伝統的な技術によって、泡盛は際限なく熟成させることができます。","All awamori is matured for at least six months to a year, but some of the finest are decades old, and the traditional method known as shitsugi allows awamori to be matured indefinitely. "]
[4398,"沖縄県","沖縄県酒造組合","食","古酒","くす","kusu","沖縄では古酒（くす）として知られる価値の高い年代物の泡盛は、味は甘くまろやかで、しばしばバニラとキャラメルの香りがします。","Highly prized aged awamori, known in Okinawa as kusu, is sweet and mellow, and often has hints of vanilla and caramel. "]
[4399,"沖縄県","沖縄県酒造組合","食","並行複発酵","へいこうふくはっこう","multiple parallel fermentation","泡盛造りでは、米麹を水と酵母とともに大きな槽の中に入れ、続く2週間で「並行複発酵」と呼ばれるとても複雑な発酵が起こります。","With awamori, the rice malt is placed in a large tank with water and yeast, where over the next two weeks a highly complex process known as “multiple parallel fermentation” occurs."]
[4400,"沖縄県","沖縄県酒造組合","食","フレーバーホイール","ふれーばーほいーる","flavor wheel","2016年、泡盛の醸造所と研究者によって、49の異なる味と香りを特定して記載したフレーバーホイールが公開されました。","In 2016, awamori distillers and researchers produced a “flavor wheel” featuring 49 different tastes and aromas that had been identified. "]
[4401,"沖縄県","沖縄県酒造組合","集落・街","首里三箇村","しゅりさんかむら","Shuri Sanka villages","琉球王国の時代（1429–1879）、泡盛は首里城近くの首里三箇という地区で醸造と蒸留を行っていました。","During the time of the Ryukyu Kingdom (1429–1879), awamori was brewed and distilled in the Shuri Sanka villages near Shuri Castle. "]
[4402,"沖縄県","沖縄県酒造組合","建造物等","銭蔵","ぜにぐら","zenigura","造られた泡盛は首里城に運ばれ、銭蔵と呼ばれる貯蔵庫で保管されました。","Once it was ready, the spirit was transported to the castle, where it was kept safe in a storehouse called the zenigura. "]
[4403,"沖縄県","沖縄県酒造組合","その他","洗骨","せんこつ","ceremonially wash bones","墓は数年後に開かれ、その泡盛を用いて洗骨の儀式が行われました。","After several years, the tomb was opened and the awamori was used to ceremonially wash the bones. "]
[4404,"沖縄県","沖縄県酒造組合","その他","オートリ","おーとり","otori ","沖縄で人気のある伝統行事のオートリ（御通り）は、琉球王宮の新年のお祝いの中で、王と貴族たちが順番に泡盛の酌をとったことから始まりました。","A popular Okinawan tradition known as otori began as part of New Year ceremonies in the Ryukyu court, in which awamori was served to the king and nobles in turn."]
[4405,"沖縄県","沖縄県酒造組合","工芸・美術品","荒焼","あらやち","Arayachi pottery","荒焼（あらやち）は素焼き、もしくは泥釉かマンガン釉がかけられています。","Arayachi pottery is unglazed or coated in a mud or manganese glaze."]
[4406,"沖縄県","沖縄県酒造組合","工芸・美術品","上焼","じょうやち","Joyachi pottery","上焼（じょうやち）は釉薬がかけられており、深鉢や急須などの日常用品や、泡盛をお酌したり飲んだりするのに使う装飾的な容器や杯が含まれます。","Joyachi pottery is glazed, and includes everyday crockery such as bowls and teapots, and ornate vessels and cups for carrying, serving, and drinking awamori."]
[4407,"沖縄県","（やんばる国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","集落・街","やんばる","やんばる","Yambaru","やんばるの森は、独自の生態系を築いています。","The Yambaru forest is a unique ecosystem.","※「Yanbaru」ではなく、「ん」の記載は「m」を使用。"]
[4408,"沖縄県","（やんばる国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","植物","イタジイ","いたじい","itajii tree","この先の植物相は、やんばる固有の常緑樹であるイタジイにより、より密になっています。","Beyond this, the flora becomes denser with Yambaru’s distinctive evergreen itajii trees. ","※「Itajii（イタジイ）」はスダジイの沖縄での呼び名のため、斜体で表記。その後ろに、「tree」を付ける。"]
[4409,"沖縄県","（やんばる国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","動物","ハブ","はぶ","habu viper","登山道を外れた茂みにいるハブに注意してください。","Be wary of habu vipers in dense foliage off the trail.","※「Habu」は斜体で表記。その後ろに、「viper」を付ける。"]
[4410,"沖縄県","（やんばる国立公園）国頭村","滝","比地大滝","ひじおおたき","Hiji Falls","落差26メートルの比地大滝は、やんばる国立公園最大の滝です。","The 26-meter Hiji Falls are the highest in Yambaru National Park."]
[4411,"沖縄県","（やんばる国立公園）国頭村","植物","シマトネリコ","しまとねりこ","evergreen ash","遊歩道には、シマトネリコやヒカゲヘゴなどの植物が豊富に生育しています。","The trail is rich with flora such as the evergreen ash and flying spider-monkey fern. "]
[4412,"沖縄県","（やんばる国立公園）国頭村","植物","ヒカゲヘゴ","ひかげへご","flying spider-monkey fern","遊歩道には、シマトネリコやヒカゲヘゴなどの植物が豊富に生育しています。","The trail is rich with flora such as the evergreen ash and flying spider-monkey fern. "]
[4413,"沖縄県","（やんばる国立公園）国頭村","動物","ノグチゲラ","のぐちげら","Okinawa woodpecker","遊歩道沿いで見かけられるかもしれない生き物にはノグチゲラ、宝石のようなリュウキュウハグロトンボ、バーバートカゲがいます。","Animals that may be spotted along the way include Okinawa woodpeckers, jewel-like Ryukyu damselflies, and Barbour’s eyelid skinks."]
[4414,"沖縄県","（やんばる国立公園）国頭村","動物","リュウキュウハグロトンボ","りゅうきゅうはぐろとんぼ"," jewel-like Ryukyu damselfly","遊歩道沿いで見かけられるかもしれない生き物にはノグチゲラ、宝石のようなリュウキュウハグロトンボ、バーバートカゲがいます。","Animals that may be spotted along the way include Okinawa woodpeckers, jewel-like Ryukyu damselflies, and Barbour’s eyelid skinks."]
[4415,"沖縄県","（やんばる国立公園）国頭村","動物","バーバートカゲ","ばーばーとかげ","Barbour’s eyelid skink","遊歩道沿いで見かけられるかもしれない生き物にはノグチゲラ、宝石のようなリュウキュウハグロトンボ、バーバートカゲがいます。","Animals that may be spotted along the way include Okinawa woodpeckers, jewel-like Ryukyu damselflies, and Barbour’s eyelid skinks."]
[4416,"沖縄県","（やんばる国立公園）国頭村","テーマ施設等","やんばるまなびの森","やんばるまなびのもり","Yambaru Manabi-no-Mori (Yambaru Discovery Forest) ","何世紀も前、やんばるまなびの森を構成する土地と樹木は、木材などの資源を供給する共有の森林として大切にされていました。","Centuries ago, the terrain and trees that make up Yambaru Manabi-no-Mori (Yambaru Discovery Forest) were treasured as a communally owned woodland providing timber and other resources."]
[4417,"沖縄県","（やんばる国立公園）国頭村","テーマ施設等","オートキャンプ場","おーときゃんぷじょう","car-camping site","また、アスレチック広場とオートキャンプ場もあります。","There is also an athletics ground and a car-camping site."]
[4418,"沖縄県","（やんばる国立公園）国頭村","海岸・岬","辺戸岬","へどみさき","Cape Hedo","沖縄本島の最北端にある辺戸岬は、始まりの場所であるとされています。","Cape Hedo, at the northernmost tip of Okinawa Island, is regarded as a place of beginnings. "]
[4419,"沖縄県","（やんばる国立公園）国頭村","人物・人名・役職名","阿摩美久","あまみちゅ","goddess Amamichu ","神話によると、阿摩美久（あまみちゅ）という女神は、琉球諸島をつくった時、まず辺戸岳としても知られる神聖な山、安須森御嶽（あすむぃうたき）をつくりました。","According to legend, when the goddess Amamichu created the Ryukyu Islands, she began with the sacred mountain Asumui Utaki, also known as Mt. Hedo."]
[4420,"沖縄県","（やんばる国立公園）国頭村","人物・人名・役職名","天孫氏王朝","てんそんしおうちょう","Tenson dynasty","この場所は、天孫氏王朝の創始者である女神阿摩美久の息子が最初に琉球諸島に姿を現した場所で、琉球王国全体の発祥地であるとされています。","It is believed to have been the place where the son of the goddess Amamichu, founder of the Tenson dynasty, first appeared on the islands, making it the birthplace of the entire Ryukyu Kingdom."]
[4421,"沖縄県","（やんばる国立公園）国頭村","人物・人名・役職名","使者","ししゃ","emissary","今日でも、お水取りと呼ばれる儀式では、神聖なウッカーという川の水を持ち帰るため、首里城からの使者が毎年末に辺戸集落を訪れます。","Even today, emissaries from Shuri Castle visit Hedo Village at the end of each year to fetch water from the sacred Ukka River in a ritual known as o-mizutori."]
[4422,"沖縄県","（やんばる国立公園）国頭村","年中行事","お水取り","おみずとり","o-mizutori","今日でも、お水取りと呼ばれる儀式では、神聖なウッカーという川の水を持ち帰るため、首里城からの使者が毎年末に辺戸集落を訪れます。","Even today, emissaries from Shuri Castle visit Hedo Village at the end of each year to fetch water from the sacred Ukka River in a ritual known as o-mizutori."]
[4423,"沖縄県","（やんばる国立公園）国頭村","人物・人名・役職名","義本王","ぎほんおう","King Gihon","この墓は急に退位した後、行方が分からなくなった13世紀の王、義本（ぎほん）のものであると信じられています。","Other sights in the area include a mausoleum north of the village believed to belong to the thirteenth-century ruler King Gihon, who disappeared mysteriously after a hurried abdication."]
[4424,"沖縄県","（やんばる国立公園）国頭村","建造物等","ヤンバルクイナ展望台","やんばるくいなてんぼうだい","Yambaru Kuina Observation Deck","観測ポイントに立つと、晴れた日には北に鹿児島県の与論島を見ることができます。そして、右側の木々の間には巨大なヤンバルクイナ展望台があります。","From the observation point, on a clear day it is possible to see Yoron Island in Kagoshima Prefecture to the north, and between the trees to the right, the gigantic Yambaru Kuina Observation Deck."]
[4425,"沖縄県","（やんばる国立公園）国頭村","テーマ施設等","国頭村森林公園","くにがみそんしんりんこうえん","Kunigami Forest Park","やんばる国立公園の亜熱帯の自然を、日帰り・宿泊を問わず、安全かつ快適に楽しめる国頭村森林公園では、全年齢層の方を歓迎しています。","People of all ages are welcome at Kunigami Forest Park, where the subtropical wilderness of Yambaru National Park can be enjoyed in safety and comfort on daytime or overnight trips. "]
[4426,"沖縄県","（やんばる国立公園）国頭村","植物","イタジイ","いたじい","itajii ","森の他の場所と同様、公園で最もよく見られる木はシイの仲間の常緑樹、イタジイ（Castanopsis sieboldii）です。","As elsewhere in the forest, the most common tree is the itajii (Castanopsis sieboldii), an evergreen in the chinkapin family. "]
[4427,"沖縄県","（やんばる国立公園）国頭村","植物","ウラジロガシ","うらじろがし","urajirogashi oak","また、自然遊歩道に沿って、活き活きと茂るウラジロガシ（Quercus salicina）の群生と、古生代後期から存在する生きた化石で高さ15メートルにまで成長するヒカゲヘゴも見ることができます。","Along the nature trails you will also see healthy populations of urajirogashi oak (Quercus salicina) and the flying spider-monkey fern, a living fossil from the late Paleozoic that can grow to 15 meters in height."]
[4428,"沖縄県","（やんばる国立公園）国頭村","植物","イジュ","いじゅ","needlewood tree","花を咲かせる植物には、イジュおよびツバキとその関連種があります。","Flowering plants include needlewood trees as well as camellias and related species."]
[4429,"沖縄県","（やんばる国立公園）国頭村","植物","ツバキ","つばき","camellia","花を咲かせる植物には、イジュおよびツバキとその関連種があります。","Flowering plants include needlewood trees as well as camellias and related species."]
[4430,"沖縄県","（やんばる国立公園）国頭村","動物","リュウキュウキノボリトカゲ","りゅうきゅうきのぼりとかげ"," Okinawan tree lizard","森林公園には、カブトムシ、リュウキュウキノボリトカゲ、時折出没するイノシシなどの生き物が生息しています。","The park is home to rhinoceros beetles, Okinawan tree lizards, the occasional wild boar, and other fauna."]
[4431,"沖縄県","（やんばる国立公園）国頭村","その他","ぬちぐすい","ぬちぐすい","nuchi-gusui","沖縄では、このような平和で多様な自然環境はぬちぐすい（命の薬）の源として知られています。","In Okinawa, this kind of peaceful, diverse natural environment is known as a source of nuchi-gusui, the “elixir of life.”"]
[4432,"沖縄県","（やんばる国立公園）国頭村","その他","認証ガイド","しょうにんがいど","certified guide","認証ガイドは、代々蓄積されてきた知識を用いてこうした質問に答えるとともに地域のルールを説明することができ、あなたと何百年にもわたってやんばるの森と一緒に歩んできた人間のコミュニティとを繋いでくれます。","Certified guides can draw on generations of knowledge to answer such questions and explain local rules, connecting you with the human community that has grown alongside the Yambaru forest for centuries."]
[4433,"沖縄県","（やんばる国立公園）国頭村","その他","認定ガイド","にんていがいど","approved guide","認定ガイド（やんばる森ガイド）は試験に合格するだけでなくやんばるの在住者でなければなりません。","Approved Guides (“Yambaru Forest Local Guides”) must pass a test and also be residents of Yambaru."]
[4434,"沖縄県","（やんばる国立公園）国頭村","その他","登録ガイド","とうろくがいど","registered guide","登録ガイドは試験に合格する必要がありますが、やんばるに在住している必要はない。","Registered Guides must pass a test but are not required to reside in Yambaru."]
[4435,"沖縄県","（やんばる国立公園）国頭村","テーマ施設等","ヤンバルクイナ生体展示学習施設","やんばるくいなせいたいてんじがくしゅうしせつ","Yambaru Kuina no Mori (Okinawa Rail Ecology Center)","クイナの森 (ヤンバルクイナ生体展示学習施設)","Yambaru Kuina no Mori (Okinawa Rail Ecology Center)"]
[4436,"沖縄県","（やんばる国立公園）国頭村","その他","森林セラピー","しんりんせらぴー","Forest Therapy","森林セラピーは、分析的観察より感覚的な経験を重視することにより、参加者が自然界と一体になる喜びを再発見するのを手助けすることを目指しています。木々に歓迎されていることを感じ、木々の「顔」さえよみ取れるように。 ","By emphasizing the experience of the senses over analytical observation, Forest Therapy aims to help clients rediscover the joy of unity with the natural world: to feel welcomed by the trees and even recognize their “faces.” "]
[4437,"沖縄県","（やんばる国立公園）国頭村","その他","戻る道","もどるみち","backtracking path","このことからこの道は「戻る道」として知られるようになりました。","As a result, it became known as the “backtracking path,” or modoru michi. "]
[4438,"沖縄県","（やんばる国立公園）国頭村","テーマ施設等","蔡温松並木保全公園","さいおんまつなみきほぜんこうえん","Sai On Pine Conservation Park","この散策路は、樹齢300年以上の琉球松を有する辺戸蔡温松並木保全公園を通っています。","This walking route leads through Sai On Pine Conservation Park, which is home to some Ryukyu pines that are believed to be more than three centuries old. "]
[4439,"沖縄県","（やんばる国立公園）国頭村","テーマ施設等","奥ヤンバルの里","おくやんばるのさと","Oku-Yambaru no Sato Resort","奥ヤンバルの里","Oku-Yambaru no Sato Resort"]
[4440,"沖縄県","（やんばる国立公園）国頭村","その他","一番座","いちばんざ","ichiban-za","一番座と呼ばれる最も重要な部屋は、間取り図に人体の形を重ねると、その「頭」の部分に相当します。","The most important room, the ichiban-za, corresponds to the “head” of an imagined human figure superimposed on the floor plan."]
[4441,"沖縄県","（やんばる国立公園）国頭村","その他","二番座","にばんざ","niban-za","仏壇が置かれる二番目に重要な部屋、二番座は、心臓にあたります。","The next most important room, or niban-za, which contains the Buddhist altar, corresponds to the heart."]
[4442,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","植物","マキ","まき","plum pine","軒は非常に硬いマキの木でできた細い柱で支えられています。","They are supported by thin pillars of plum pine (podocarpus), a very hard wood."]
[4443,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","仏壇","ぶつだん","Buddhist altar","高良家では、仏壇にマキの木がつかわれています。","In the Takara House, plum pine is used for the Buddhist altar."]
[4444,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","その他","一番座","いちばんざ","ichibanza","玄関を入って最初の部屋である一番座は、客を迎えるとともに両親が過ごす場所でした。","It is likely that the ichibanza (the first room past the entrance to the house) was where the parents received guests and spent their time."]
[4445,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","その他","二番座","にばんざ","nibanza","二番座は女性と子どもたちの部屋でした。","The nibanza (No. 2 room) was for the women and children."]
[4446,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","その他","三番座","さんばんざ","sanbanza","三番座は祖父母のための部屋でした。","The sanbanza (No. 3 room) was for the grandparents."]
[4447,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","その他","裏座","うらざ","uraza","家の左奥のスペースは裏座と呼ばれ、物置として使用されていました。","The space at the back left of the house was known as the uraza (backroom) and was used as a storeroom."]
[4448,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","ヒヌカン","ひぬかん","Hinukan","火は暖かい（良い）けれど同時に破壊的（悪い）でもあるため、火の神（沖縄語でヒヌカン）の怒りに触れないようにするのは理にかなうことであり、石は神を懐柔するための一種の供物でした。","Since fire is both warm (good) and destructive (bad), it makes sense to stay on the right side of the fire god (Hinukan in Okinawan) and the stones are a kind of placatory offering."]
[4449,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","動物","テーブル状サンゴ","てーぶるじょうさんご","table coral","テーブル状サンゴは、テーブルに似た大きな水平のプレートに成長します。","Table corals grow into large horizontal plates that resemble their namesake. "]
[4450,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","動物","塊状型サンゴ","かいじょうがたさんご","massive coral","塊状型のサンゴはボールや岩石のように見える丸い塊で成長します。","Massive corals grow in rounded lumps that resemble balls or boulders. "]
[4451,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","動物","樹枝状型サンゴ ","じゅしじょうがたさんご","branching coral","樹枝状型サンゴ - 名前が示すように、これらのサンゴは太い枝が上や側面に向かって成長するのが特徴です。","Branching Corals - As the name suggests, these corals are characterized by thick branches that grow upward or out to the sides. "]
[4452,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","動物","被覆状型サンゴ","ひふくじょうがたさんご","encrusted coral","被覆状型サンゴ-これらの急速に造礁するサンゴは、岩の多い表面や堆積層に薄い膜をつくり、上向きではなく水平方向に広がって成長します。","Encrusted Corals - These fast-establishing corals grow in a thin layer across rocky surfaces or substrates, spreading outward rather than upward. "]
[4453,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","動物","葉状型サンゴ","ようじょうがたさんご","foliose corals","葉状型サンゴ-葉状とは「葉のような形状を持つ」ことを意味します。葉状型サンゴは、多弁花からレタスの玉までに至るまであらゆる葉状のものに似ています。","Foliose Corals - Foliose means “having a lobed, leaf-like shape” and these corals can resemble anything from a many-petalled flower to a head of lettuce. "]
[4454,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","動物","指枝サンゴ","ししさんご","digitate coral","指枝サンゴ-ラテン語の「digitus」に由来するdigitate corals（指状のサンゴ）という名前を持つ指枝サンゴは、上方を差す指の形をしています。","Digitate Corals - With a name derived from the Latin digitus, digitate corals resemble upward-pointing fingers. "]
[4455,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","動物","クマノミ","くまのみ","clownfish","イソギンチャクの触手の針に耐性を持つクマノミは、イソギンチャクを捕食者や寄生虫から守り、イソギンチャクはそのお返しにクマノミにすみかと餌を提供します。","Immune to the sea anemone’s stinging tentacles, the clownfish keeps it safe from predators and parasites, while the sea anemone provides the clownfish with shelter and food in return."]
[4456,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","動物","スズメダイ","すずめだい","damselfish","スズメダイは1色、あるいはコントラストの強い2色の鮮やかな見た目をしています。","Damselfish are brightly colored—either one color or two strongly contrasting colors. "]
[4457,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","動物","チョウチョウウオ","ちょうちょううお","butterfly fish","チョウチョウウオの名前は、蝶の羽に似た鮮やかな色と模様にちなんでつけられました。","Butterfly fish get their name from their vividly colored and patterned bodies that resemble butterfly wings. "]
[4458,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","動物","ベラ","べら","wrasse","ベラの仲間の一部は、「客」の魚が体から寄生虫を取り除いてもらう「サービス」を受けるクリーニングステーションを開業し、掃除魚として働きます。","Some species of wrasse work as cleaner fish, setting up cleaning stations where “client” fish come to be “serviced”, with the wrasse removing parasites from their bodies. "]
[4459,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","動物","タカサゴ","たかさご","Double-stripe Fusilier","タカサゴ (Double-stripe Fusilier) には膨大な数の名前があり、そのほとんどは体の帯の模様に関係しています。","The Double-stripe Fusilier has a vast number of names, most of which revolve around the bands on its body."]
[4460,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","動物","ナンヨウブダイ","なんようぶだい","Blunt-head Parrotfish","ナンヨウブダイ(Chlorurus microrhinos)-オスの成魚の目立つ額から「Steephead Parrotfish（絶壁頭のブダイ）」とも呼ばれるナンヨウブダイは、体長70cm以上にまで成長します。","Blunt-Head Parrotfish (Chlorurus microrhinos) - Also known as Steephead Parrotfish because of the adult male’s prominent forehead, these fish grow up to 70 centimeters or more in length. "]
[4461,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","動物","マンタ","まんた","manta ray","体を広げると最大3.5メートルになるマンタは、慶良間諸島で遭遇する最大級の、そして最も壮観な生き物の一種です。","With a span of up to 3.5 meters, the reef manta ray is among the biggest and most spectacular animals you will encounter in the Keramas. "]
[4462,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","動物","アオウミガメ","あおうみがめ","green turtle","アオウミガメは主に草食性で、まるで生きる芝刈り機のようにうろうろすることによって海草を刈るとともに健康を保ちます。","The green turtle is mostly herbivorous, browsing on sea grasses and keeping them healthy by trimming them like a living lawnmower."]
[4463,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","動物","タイマイ","たいまい"," hawksbill sea turtle","その結果、タイマイは現在近絶滅種に指定されています。","As a result, hawksbill sea turtles are now classified as critically endangered."]
[4464,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","動物","アカウミガメ","あかうみがめ","loggerhead sea turtle","アカウミガメは雑食性で、魚やクラゲからアサリやカニにいたるまで、強い顎であらゆるものを粉砕します。","The loggerhead sea turtle is omnivorous, using its strong jaws to crush everything from fish and jellyfish to clams and crabs. "]
[4465,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","動物","オオシャコガイ","おおしゃこがい","fluted giant clam","オオシャコガイ (Tridacninae)-現在存在する二枚貝の中で最大であるオオシャコガイは、溝の入った重い貝殻が特徴です。","Fluted Giant Clam (Tridacninae) - These clams, the largest living bivalves, are distinguished by their heavy, fluted shells. "]
[4466,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","動物","ポリプ","ぽりぷ","coral polyp","サンゴ礁はイソギンチャクやクラゲと同じ分類に属するポリプと呼ばれる何千もの小さな生物で構成されています。","Coral reefs are made up of thousands of tiny organisms called coral polyps that belong to the same classification as the sea anemone or jellyfish. "]
[4467,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","動物","刺胞","しほう","nematocyst","ポリプの嚢状の体には幅1mmの口がついており、その周りを刺胞という毒針の触手が囲んでいます。","They have sac-like bodies with a 1-millimeter-wide mouth surrounded by poisonous barbed tentacles known as nematocysts."]
[4468,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","植物","褐虫藻","かっちゅうそう","zooxanthellae","サンゴは何百万もの褐虫藻という有色微細藻類の宿主です。","Corals’ bodies are host to literally millions of colored microscopic algae known as zooxanthellae. "]
[4469,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","その他","スパイホッピング","すぱいほっぴんぐ","spyhopping","印象的な浮上動作には、ブリーチング（水面から飛び出す）、スパイホッピング（水面から半身を出し、体躯を垂直にした姿勢を維持する）、胸びれや尾びれを打ち付けるなどがあります。  ","Striking surfacing behaviors include breaching (jumping out of the water), spyhopping (holding the body in a vertical position part way out of the water), tail-slapping, and pectoral fin-slapping. "]
[4470,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","動物","ザトウクジラ","ざとうくじら"," humpback whale","Hampback whaleは日本語でザトウクジラと呼ばれます。","In Japanese, the humpback whale is called zatokujira. "]
[4471,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省慶良間自然保護官事務所","その他","ラムサール条約","らむさーるじょうやく","Ramsar Convention","ラムサール条約は、湿地の保護と適正な利用の枠組みを提供する、政府間の条約です。","The Ramsar Convention is an intergovernmental treaty that provides the framework for the conservation and wise use of wetlands."]
[4472,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省慶良間自然保護官事務所","集落・街","集落","しゅうらく","Village","阿波連村集落は、滞在し食事をする場所として良い選択肢場所の一つです。","Aharen Village has a selection of places to stay and to eat.","※集落は家屋の集合する場所を意味とし、\"area\"や\"community\"といった対訳になるが、慶良間諸島の集落は、地理学的概念よりも人間関係の社会的・文化的概念が相応しく、\"village\"とした。"]
[4473,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省慶良間自然保護官事務所","テーマ施設等","旅の案内人\n（観光案内所）","たびのあんないにん\n（かんこうあんないじょ）","Tabi no Annai-nin","フェリーターミナルには、広いエアコン付きの待合室、土産物店、「旅の案内人」があります。「旅の案内人」は、パンフレットや、訪問者におすすめの場所やことを丁寧に教えてくれます。"," This contains a large air-conditioned waiting room, a gift shop, and Tabi no Annai-nin, a tourist information center with various brochures, and staff happy to advise you about places to go and things to do.","※観光案内所の別名"]
[4474,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省慶良間自然保護官事務所","植物","クバ","くば","Kuba plants","クバンダキの裏手にあるクバ山はクバという植物で覆われていて、クバは英名でChinese fan（シナビロウ）、またはfountain palm（ビロウ）として知られています（学名Livistona chinensis）。中国との貿易が盛んだった頃、唐船の帆を作るためのクバの葉をここからとったと伝えられています。","Just behind Kubandaki stands Mt. Kubayama, covered in Kuba plants, known in English as the Chinese fan or fountain palm (Livistona chinensis). In the old days, when seaborne trade with China flourished, the Chinese used to make the sails of their ships from these leaves."]
[4475,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省慶良間自然保護官事務所","岩石・洞窟","砂岩","さがん","sandstone","慶良間の岩の種類は砂岩と泥岩です。前者は肌色のものが多く、後者は暗灰色のものが多いです。","For budding geologists, the main types of rock in the Keramas are sandstone and mudstone. The former tends to be tan, the latter dark gray."]
[4476,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省慶良間自然保護官事務所","岩石・洞窟","泥岩","でいがん","mudstone","慶良間の岩の種類は砂岩と泥岩です。前者は肌色のものが多く、後者は暗灰色のものが多いです。","For budding geologists, the main types of rock in the Keramas are sandstone and mudstone. The former tends to be tan, the latter dark gray."]
[4477,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省慶良間自然保護官事務所","建造物等","船頭主家","せんどうしゃ","sendosuya","慶良間では、大きな家に対する総称を「船頭主家」と言い、船の船長を務めるということは、財を成す方法でした。","In the Keramas, the generic term for a grand house is sendosuya or “captain’s house,” pointing to the fact that seafaring was the acknowledged route to riches."]
[4478,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省慶良間自然保護官事務所","その他","唐儲け","とうもうけ","toumoke","『唐儲け』という言葉があったほどです。"," There was even a special word, toumoke, for “striking it rich in the China trade.”"]
[4479,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省慶良間自然保護官事務所","植物","チャーギ","ちゃーぎ","Buddhist pine","梁には朱色で塗られた跡があり、天井の羽目板は、かつての内装がかなり派手なものであったことを示し、力強く真っ直ぐ成長する木であるチャーギ（マキの木）が使われていることは、持ち主の繁栄を表す証拠です。","Traces of vermilion paint on the beams and ceiling panels suggest that the interior was once quite gaudy, while the use of Buddhist pine, a strong, straight-growing wood, is evidence of the prosperity of the occupants. "]
[4480,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省慶良間自然保護官事務所","建造物等","ヒンプン","ひんぷん","himpun","ヒンプン（入口にある大きな直立する壁）は、家を隠し、邪悪な魂を追い払うために建っています。","There is also a himpun—a massive standalone wall at the entrance—to conceal the house and to ward off evil spirits. "]
[4481,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省慶良間自然保護官事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","祠","ほこら","hokora ","集落の中央には、拝所という神聖な場所と、第二次世界大戦の艦砲射撃を生き残った、樹齢百年を越えるフクギがそびえたっています。","In the center of the village is a hokora miniature shrine and a stand of garcinia (Garcinia subelliptica) trees more than 100 years old that survived the naval bombardments of World War II."]
[4482,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省慶良間自然保護官事務所","動物","ケラマジカ","けらまじか","Kerama deer ","これは、農家が最善を尽くして収穫物を地元の鹿から守るためにあります。この鹿は、ニホンジカの亜種、ケラマジカ（学名：Cervus nippon keramae）として知られています。","This is because the farmers are doing their best to protect their crops from the local deer, a subspecies of the Japanese sika deer known as Kerama deer (Cervus nippon keramae)."]
[4483,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省慶良間自然保護官事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","御嶽","うたき","utaki","各村には古来の神聖な場所「御嶽 (うたき)」や「拝所 (うがんじゅ)」が今も存在しており、海との特別な関係を祝う祭りが年間を通して行われています。","Each village still has its age-old utaki sacred sites and uganju prayer places, while the special relationship with the sea is celebrated with festivals throughout the year."]
[4484,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省慶良間自然保護官事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","拝所","うがんじゅ","uganju","各村には古来の神聖な場所「御嶽 (うたき)」や「拝所 (うがんじゅ)」が今も存在しており、海との特別な関係を祝う祭りが年間を通して行われています。","Each village still has its age-old utaki sacred sites and uganju prayer places, while the special relationship with the sea is celebrated with festivals throughout the year."]
[4485,"沖縄県","（西表石垣国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","その他","竹富島憲章","たけとみじまけんしょう","Taketomijima Kensho","このことは、１９８６年に制定した「竹富島憲章」に記されています。","This commitment is spelled out in the Taketomijima Kensho (Taketomi Island Charter) adopted by the island in 1986 and revised in 2017. "]
[4486,"沖縄県","（西表石垣国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","年中行事","種子取祭","たなどぅいまつり","Tanadui matsuri","種子取祭が一九七七年に国の重要無形民俗文化財に登録されました。","In 1977, the Tanadui matsuri (festival) was designated as a National Important Intangible Folk Cultural Property. "]
[4487,"沖縄県","（西表石垣国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","その他","人頭税","にんとうぜい","nintozei (poll tax) ","一六〇九年に九州の薩摩藩の侵略によって課せられた過酷な人頭税に直面した竹富島の農民は、貢納対象であった米作りのため西表島まで水田を耕しにいくことを余儀なくされました。","Faced with a ruinous nintozei (poll tax) imposed by invaders from Kagoshima’s Satsuma domain in 1609, the farmers of Taketomijima, where rice grows poorly, had no choice but to travel by itafuni (canoes made from hollowed-out logs) to cultivate fields on Ishigaki Island to the east and Iriomote Island to the west. "]
[4488,"沖縄県","（西表石垣国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","集落・街","スンマシャー","すんましゃー","summashaa","悪霊の威力を弱める別の手段は、この標識の近くにある、スンマシャーと呼ばれる石の塚で、精霊が宿ると言われる樹木が植えられています。","Another traditional means of deflecting malevolent forces can be seen near this sign: the cairn-like mound of rocks planted with trees, known as a summashaa. "]
[4489,"沖縄県","（西表石垣国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","史跡","石敢當","いしがんとう","ishiganto","Ｔ字路にある石敢當と呼ばれる石をはじめとした悪霊を追い払うための様々な仕掛けは、竹富島の特徴である現実と霊的な世界との調和をとっています。","As you walk around the island, you may spot other devices to ward off evil, including the distinctively shaped rocks known as ishiganto at T-intersections. "]
[4490,"沖縄県","（西表石垣国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","ユーンカイ","ゆーんかい","Yuunkai","神々の到着は、旧暦の八月八日、新暦だと九月に行われるユーンカイ（世迎い）と呼ばれる儀式で祝われます。","Their arrival is celebrated in a ritual known as the Yuunkai, which takes place every autumn on the eighth day of the eighth month by the lunar calendar."]
[4491,"沖縄県","（西表石垣国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","その他","メー","めー"," mee","沖縄には、白い砂が敷かれたメーと呼ばれる空き地と、イビと呼ばれる石が置かれた信仰の場所があることを知っておきましょう。","Please be aware that an open space covered in white sand could be hallowed ground known as a mee, and the only visible indicator of a place of worship could be a stone called an ibi."]
[4492,"沖縄県","（西表石垣国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","イビ","いび","ibi","沖縄には、白い砂が敷かれたメーと呼ばれる空き地と、イビと呼ばれる石が置かれた信仰の場所があることを知っておきましょう。","Please be aware that an open space covered in white sand could be hallowed ground known as a mee, and the only visible indicator of a place of worship could be a stone called an ibi."]
[4493,"沖縄県","（西表石垣国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","カンツカサ","かんつかさ","kantsukasa","公に祀られているものは祭と結びついています。ここでは、神聖な儀式がカンツカサと呼ばれる女性の司祭を中心に行われ、伝統的に男性は入ることを許されていません。","Those that are publicly identified are tied to matsuri (festivals). Sacred rituals are conducted there by kantsukasa (women priests), and men are not permitted to enter. "]
[4494,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","植物","金剛桜","こんごうさくら","Kongō Cherry Tree ","金剛桜は、観賞用の桜としては珍しい雑種と考えられている。","The Kongō Cherry Tree is thought to be a unique, hybrid cultivar of ornamental cherry. "]
[4495,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","住職","じゅうしょく","abbot","実際、家康の葬儀は、日光山第五十三代住職の天海（1536?～1643）が、神道と仏教を融合させた「山王一実神道」で執り行われた。","Indeed, the funerary services for Ieyasu were conducted by Tenkai (1536?–1643), the fifty-third abbot of Nikkōzan, in the sannō ichijitsu shintō style—a rite that mixes Shinto and Buddhism."]
[4496,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","修験道","しゅげんどう","Shugendō","修験道とは、古代の山岳信仰、密教、神道信仰の要素を融合させたものである。","Shugendō is a belief system that fuses elements of ancient mountain worship, esoteric Buddhism, and Shinto. "]
[4497,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","修行","しゅぎょう","religious austerities","伝説によると、766年に僧侶であり山岳修験者であった勝道上人（735～817）が男体山に登り、山頂で修行をした際に、荒れ狂う大谷川を渡ることができなかった。","According to legend, when the monk and mountain ascetic Shōdō Shōnin (735–817) came in 766 to climb Mt. Nantai and practice religious austerities at the summit, he was unable to cross the raging Daiya River. "]
[4498,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","植物","桂の木","かつらのき","katsura tree","山の麓を歩いていたとき、中禅寺湖に出くわした。湖から昇る観音像を見た勝道上人は、生きた桂の木から観音像を彫ろうと考えたという。","While skirting the base of the mountain, he came upon Lake Chūzenji. Shōdō saw an image of Kannon (Bodhisattva of Compassion) rising from the lake, which inspired him to carve a statue of the deity from a living katsura tree. "]
[4499,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","本坊","ほんぼう","Honbō","宝物殿は、1984年に住職の住居であり、主務所だった本坊跡に建てられた。","The Treasure House was built in 1984 on the site of the former Honbō, which was the abbot’s residence and the main administrative quarters of the temple."]
[4500,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","一般参拝者","いっぱんさんぱいしゃ","lay worshippers","本堂の内部は、一般参拝者のための外陣と三尊を安置する内陣に分かれている。","The interior of the hall is divided into two sections: an outer area for lay worshippers, and an inner area that houses the three principal deities."]
[4501,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","工芸・美術品","木像","もくぞう","wooden statue","三仏堂の高さ約7.5メートルの金箔を貼った木像がそれぞれの神を表している。","Each deity is represented in the Sanbutsudō by a wooden statue that is approximately 7.5 meters tall and covered with gold leaf."]
[4502,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","不浄","ふじょう","defilement","炎は不浄や幻想を焼き払い、祈りを空へと送り出すと考えられている。","The fire is thought to burn away defilement and illusions, and to send the prayers skyward. "]
[4503,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","人物・人名・役職名","不動明王","ふどうみょうおう","Fudō Myō-ō (foremost among the Five Great Wisdom Kings)","元々は護法天とも呼ばれる毘沙門天・大黒天・弁財天を祀っていたが、現在は不動明王と千手観音を祀っている。","Although it originally enshrined Bishamonten, Daikokuten, and Benzaiten—known as the Gohōten (Three Guardians of Buddhism)—it now enshrines Fudō Myō-ō (foremost among the Five Great Wisdom Kings) and Senju Kannon (Thousand-Armed Bodhisattva of Compassion)."]
[4504,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","見ざる、聞かざる、言わざる","みざる、きかざる、いわざる","The “see no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil” monkeys ","厩舎の8枚ある欄間の2枚目には、有名な「見ざる、聞かざる、言わざる」の猿が描かれている。","The famous “see no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil” monkeys are depicted in the second panel of the eight transom panels of the stable. "]
[4505,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","旧平安宮","きゅうへいあんみや","Heian Imperial Palace","京都の旧平安宮の12の外門の一つで、正式名称を「陽明門」という。","The gate shares its official name, “Yōmeimon,” with one of the 12 outer gates of the former Heian Imperial Palace in Kyoto."]
[4506,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","乗物","唐破風","唐破風","Curved gables (karahafu)","湾曲した切妻（唐破風）は建物の威信や権威を示すもので、この門は四方を湾曲させている。","Curved gables (karahafu) indicate prestige and authority in a building, and this gate has such gables on all four sides. "]
[4507,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","十二天将","じゅうにてんしょう","12 generals","薬師如来に仕え、薬師如来を守る十二天将は、もともとヒンドゥー教の神々であり、仏教の守護戦士として仏教に組み込まれた。","The 12 generals that serve and protect Yakushi Nyorai were originally Hindu deities that were incorporated into Buddhism as protective warriors. "]
[4508,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","その他","青銅","せいどう","bronze","この青銅製の六面提灯は、二荒山神社が1619年に創建されて以来、この場所にある。","This bronze six-sided lantern has been in its present location within the grounds of Futarasan Jinja since the shrine was built in 1619. "]
[4509,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","常行三昧","じょうぎょうざんまい","jōgyō zanmai","二つのお堂のうち大きい方の常行堂では、九十日間、僧侶が中心の像の周りを歩きながら瞑想する「常行三昧」が行われている。","The Jōgyōdō, the larger hall, was used for jōgyō zanmai, a style of meditation in which monks walk around a central image for 90 days. "]
[4510,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","仁王","におう","Niō (Benevolent Kings)","この門には、歴史上の仏陀の守護者である仁王が祀られている。","This gate houses the Niō (Benevolent Kings), who are protectors of the historical Buddha."]
[4511,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","夜叉","やしゃ","Yasha","夜叉とは、病気から身を守る神「青面金剛」のお供である。","Yasha are the attendants of Shōmen Kongō, a deity who protects against disease."]
[4512,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","動物","白鶴","しらつる","white cranes","大猷院の本殿エリアへの入り口で、湾曲した切妻の下には、松の木と牡丹を背景に白鶴の大きな彫刻が施されており、中国や日本の美術では長寿と幸福を象徴する組み合わせとされている。","This is the entrance to the main shrine area of the Taiyūin Mausoleum. Under the curved gables are two large, intricately carved white cranes on a background of pine trees with peonies, a combination that symbolizes longevity and happiness in Chinese and Japanese art. "]
[4513,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","人物・人名・役職名","徳川御三家","とくがわごさんけ","three cadet branches of the Tokugawa family","正面にある三対の銅灯籠は、徳川御三家、尾張家、紀伊家、水戸家から寄贈されたものである。","The three pairs of bronze lanterns directly in front of the worship hall were donated by the three cadet branches of the Tokugawa family: the Owari, Kii, and Mito families. "]
[4514,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","拝殿","はいでん","worship hall","拝殿は、本殿の中で一番大きな部屋で、本殿に祀られている神々に祈りを捧げる外陣である。","The worship hall is the largest chamber of the main shrine building. "]
[4515,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","建造物等","龍宮様式","りゅうみやようしき","ryūgyū (“dragon-temple”) style","門は、中国明代（1368～1644）に流行した龍宮様式で建てられている。","The gate is built in the ryūgyū (“dragon-temple”) style that was popular in Ming China (1368–1644). "]
[4516,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","その他","じぐざぐ道","じぐざぐみち","switchbacks","麓の馬返し地区と上部の山頂の中禅寺湖の間を440ｍのじぐざぐ道で登っていく。","It is divided into two one-way roads, Iroha-zaka No. 1 and No. 2, which traverse the 440-meter difference in elevation between the Umagaeshi area at the bottom and Lake Chūzenji at the top through a series of switchbacks."]
[4517,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","人物・人名・役職名","お釈迦様","おしゃかさま","historical Buddha","華厳峡にある五つの滝の一つで、歴史上のお釈迦様の教えの中の五つの時代にちなんで名づけられた滝である。","It is one of the five waterfalls in the gorge that are named for the five different periods of the historical Buddha’s teachings. "]
[4518,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","本尊","ほんぞん","principal deity","この千手観音像は、中禅寺の本尊である。","This carving of Senju Kannon (Thousand-Armed Bodhisattva of Compassion) is the principal deity at Chūzenji Temple. "]
[4519,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","護摩焚き","ごまたき","goma fire ritual","その中でも最も強力な不動明王は、通常、護摩焚きの祭壇に祀られている。","Fudō Myō-ō, the most powerful of the five, is usually seen on altars used for the goma fire ritual."]
[4520,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","建造物等","展望台","てんぼうだい","an observation deck","滝のふもとには展望台がある。","There is an observation deck at the base of the falls."]
[4521,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","延命地蔵","えんめいじぞう","Enmei Jizō (Long-Life Jizō)","祭壇の隣には延命地蔵像があり、信者の健康長寿を祈願しているといわれている。","Next to the altar is a statue of Enmei Jizō (Long-Life Jizō), who helps believers to live a long and healthy life."]
[4522,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","温泉","温泉","おんせん","hot springs","湯ノ湖 とは、湖の周辺にある温泉に由来する \"湯の湖 \"という意味である。","“Yunoko” means “warm water lake” and refers to the hot springs around the lake. "]
[4523,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","人物・人名・役職名","法蔵菩薩","ほうぞうぼさつ","Hōzō Bosatsu","48という数字は仏教における縁起の良い数字で、法蔵菩薩が成仏して阿弥陀如来となる前に立てた48願を表している。","The number 48 is an auspicious number in Buddhism: it represents the 48 vows made by Hōzō Bosatsu before he attained Buddhahood and became known as Amida Nyorai."]
[4524,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","密教","みっきょう","esoteric Buddhism","護摩焚きの儀式は、日本の密教、特に真言宗・天台宗では一般的に行われている。","The goma fire ritual is commonly practiced in Japanese esoteric Buddhism, especially the Shingon and Tendai schools. "]
[4525,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","動物","イワナ","いわな","char","1873年には、地元で育てたイワナを湖に放流し、最初の放流が始まった。","The stocking of fish in the lake began in 1873 when char raised in the Okunikko area were released. "]
[4526,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","植物","ミズナラ","みずなら","Japanese oak (Quercus mongolica var. crispula)","ミズナラなどの広葉樹の落葉樹が中心だが、ニッコウモミなどの常緑樹も見られる。","Its forests consist primarily of broadleaf deciduous trees such as Japanese oak (Quercus mongolica var. crispula), but also contain some evergreens such as Nikko fir (Abies homolepis)."]
[4527,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","工芸・美術品","筥井","はこい","hako-oi","杖と靴の左側には、背負っている筥（はこ）井（はこおい）がある。","To the left of the staffs and shoes is a hako-oi, a wooden box or chest carried on the back."]
[4528,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","動物","イワツバメ","いわつばめ","Asian house martins (Delichon dasypus)","イワツバメは、古くから夏の間、華厳の滝周辺で見られるようになりました。","Asian house martins (Delichon dasypus) come to the area around Kegon Falls during the summer. "]
[4529,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","動物","カワマス","カワマス","brook trout","1902年にはコロラド州からカワマスの卵を輸入し、孵化した魚は湯川に放流された。","He financed the importation of brook trout eggs from Colorado in 1902, which were hatched and then released into the Yugawa River."]
[4530,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","史跡","イギリス公使館","いぎりすこうしかん","British legation","サトウは1862年にイギリス公使館の通訳として来日。","Satow arrived in Japan in 1862 as an interpreter for the British legation and first visited Nikko in 1872. "]
[4531,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","動物","フライフィッシング","ふらいふぃっしんぐ","fly fishing","彼は、日本におけるフライフィッシングを、持続可能な産業として、また、日本の人々が集う娯楽として確立することに貢献した。","He is credited with helping to establish fly fishing as a pastime and sport in Japan."]
[4532,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","工芸・美術品","日本洋画","にほんようが","Western-style painting","上京して日本洋画の創始者の一人である高橋雄一（1828-1894）に師事するために上京した。","Bunsai studied in Tokyo with Takahashi Yuichi (1828–1894), who was one of the founders of Western-style painting in Japan. "]
[4533,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","建造物等","茶屋","ちゃや","Teahouse","下の写真は華厳の滝つぼ近くの五郎兵衛茶屋。","The bottom photograph is of the Gorobei Teahouse near the basin of Kegon Falls."]
[4534,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","建造物等","孵化場","ふかじょう","fish hatchery","1881年（明治14年）には農商務省が華厳の滝のふもとに近い深沢に孵化場を設置しました。","In 1881, the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce created a fish hatchery on the south side of the lake in Fukasawa, near the base of Kegon Falls."]
[4535,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","組織・団体","連合国軍","れんごうこくぐん","Allied Occupation Forces","その第一波は、中禅寺湖の北岸に保養基地を設けた連合国軍の兵士たちだった。","The first wave of visitors consisted of members of the Allied Occupation Forces, which built a resort on the north side of the lake. "]
[4536,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","その他","外国人","がいこくじん","non-Japanese","1875年から、外国人は日本政府にこれらの区域外への渡航許可を申請することができるようになった。","Beginning in 1875, non-Japanese could apply to the Japanese government for special permission to travel outside of those zones. "]
[4537,"群馬県","群馬県","テーマ施設等","群馬県立世界遺産センター（セカイト）","ぐんまけんりつせかいいさんせんたー（せかいと）","The Sekaito Visitor Center","群馬県立世界遺産センター（セカイト）では、群馬県の絹織物との関わりや、絹が日本と世界の各地を何世紀にもわたって結びつけてきたことを紹介しています。","The Sekaito Visitor Center celebrates Gunma Prefecture’s association with silk production and the connection with the rest of the world created by silk over the centuries. "]
[4538,"群馬県","群馬県","史跡","富岡製糸場とその関連遺跡群","とみおかせいしじょうとそのかんれんいせきぐん","Tomioka Silk Mill and Related Sites","2014年にユネスコ世界遺産に登録された「富岡製糸場とその関連遺跡群」に認定された群馬の養蚕の長い伝統と、日本の絹織物の近代化に果たした役割を紹介しています。","The Center explains both Gunma’s long tradition of sericulture and the role it played in the modernization of Japanese silk production, as recognized by the 2014 UNESCO World Heritage listing of “Tomioka Silk Mill and Related Sites.”"]
[4539,"群馬県","群馬県","史跡","荒船風穴","あらふねふうけつ","Arafune Cold Storage","荒船風穴では、カイコの卵を冷蔵保管し、カイコが孵化する時期を管理し、生産量を増やすことができました。","Arafune Cold Storage provided cool storage of silkworm eggs so that sericulturists could control when their silkworms hatched and increase production volume."]
[4540,"群馬県","群馬県","史跡","田島弥平養蚕場","たじまやへいようさんじょう","Tajima Yahei Sericulture Farm","田島弥平養蚕場と高山社養蚕学校はそれぞれ、カイコを繭の段階まで育てるプロセスを改善しました。","The Tajima Yahei Sericulture Farm and Takayama-sha Sericulture School each improved the process of raising silkworms successfully to the cocoon stage. "]
[4541,"群馬県","群馬県","史跡","高山社養蚕学校","たかやましゃようさんがっこう","Takayama-sha Sericulture School","田島弥平養蚕場と高山社養蚕学校はそれぞれ、カイコを繭の段階まで育てるプロセスを改善しました。","The Tajima Yahei Sericulture Farm and Takayama-sha Sericulture School each improved the process of raising silkworms successfully to the cocoon stage. "]
[4542,"群馬県","群馬県","建造物等","製糸工場","せいしこうじょう","silk mills","セカイトビジターセンターは、20世紀初頭の赤レンガ倉庫にあり、かつては蚕の繭を乾燥させ、近くの製糸工場に送って加工するまで保管していました。","Sekaito Visitor Center is housed in an early twentieth century red-brick warehouse that was once used to dry and store silkworm cocoons until they could be sent to silk mills nearby for processing. "]
[4543,"群馬県","群馬県","史跡","富岡製糸場","とみおかせいしじょう","Tomioka Silk Mill","富岡製糸場はモデルミルとなり、日本のミルオーナー候補が富岡を訪れ、繭倉庫、フランス製の巻き取り機、火力発電所を直接見学しました。","Tomioka Silk Mill became a model mill and would-be mill owners in Japan travelled to Tomioka to see firsthand the cocoon warehouses, the French-made reeling machines, and the steam power plant. "]
[4544,"群馬県","群馬県","建造物等","越屋根","こしやね","koshi-yane","1863年、富岡の東、利根川のほとりにある境島村に農家を改築し、越屋根と呼ばれる屋根の隆起部を設け、棟柱の長さに通気口を設けました。","In 1863, he rebuilt his farmhouse in Sakai-Shimamura, east of Tomioka on the banks of the Tone River, adding a koshi-yane, a raised section of the roof with openings for ventilation running the length of the ridge pole. "]
[4545,"群馬県","群馬県","その他","清涼育","せいりょういく","seiryo-iku (“clean and cool nurturing”)","この成功の基礎から、弥平は通気性を重視した清涼育（清潔で涼しい育成）という養蚕法を開発し、急速に普及していきました。","Based on this success, Yahei went on to develop a sericulture process, called seiryo-iku (“clean and cool nurturing”), stressing ventilation, which rapidly became widespread. "]
[4546,"群馬県","群馬県","建造物等","長屋門","ながやもん","nagayamon","現在は、長五郎が清温育のために再建した自宅は、学生の台所や風呂場、便所、長屋門（農家に良くある門と納屋をつなげるもの）などが全て残されています。","Today, the family home that Chogoro rebuilt while he was developing seion-iku, the student kitchen/bathhouse, the latrine, and the nagayamon (a structure combining an entranceway and space for storage or accommodations for people of low status) all remain. "]
[4547,"群馬県","群馬県","山岳","荒船山","あらふねやま","Mt. Arafune","冷凍以前の時代には、富岡の西、荒船山の近くに、自然冷気を閉じ込めて卵を冷蔵保存できる場所が開発されていました。","In the prerefrigeration era, a site was developed near Mt. Arafune, west of Tomioka, where naturally chilled air could be trapped for cool storage of the eggs."]
[4548,"群馬県","群馬県","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","祈祷札","きとふだ","Kito-fuda","祈祷札とは建物で行われる儀式や家族の安全と健康を祈願するために、僧侶が刻んだ木札です。","Kito-fuda are wooden plaques inscribed by Buddhist priests to commemorate ceremonies conducted at a building or prayers offered for the safety and health of one’s family. "]
[4549,"群馬県","群馬県","建造物等","焚屋","たきや","takiya","本校の建物の後ろにほとんど隠れているのは、生徒が使用するためのキッチンと浴場を備えた建物である焚屋です。","Almost hidden behind the main school building is the takiya, a building that contained a kitchen and bathhouse for use by the students. "]
[4550,"群馬県","群馬県","建造物等","耐火倉庫（蔵）","たいかそうこ（くら）","fireproof storehouse (kura)","左端は2階建ての耐火倉庫（蔵）があります。","At the far left is a two-story fireproof storehouse (kura)."]
[4551,"群馬県","群馬県","自然現象","関東大震災","かんとうだいしんさい","Great Kanto Earthquake","荒船風穴の運命は、1923年の関東大震災で鉄道の輸送に支障をきたし、卵の返却が間に合わなくなったことから衰退の一途をたどっていました。","The fortunes of Arafune Cold Storage began to decline when the 1923 Great Kanto Earthquake disrupted railway shipping, preventing eggs from being returned to their owners on time."]
[4552,"群馬県","群馬県","岩石・洞窟","青岩","あおいわ","aoiwa (blue rocks)","下仁田では、何百万年にもわたる地殻変動により、海洋プレートの一部が青岩と呼ばれる川沿いの岩の形で表面に浮かび上がってきました。","At Shimonita, upthrust over millions of years brought part of an undersea volcano on the oceanic plate to the surface in the form of riverside boulders called aoiwa (blue rocks). "]
[4553,"群馬県","群馬県","河川・渓谷","南牧川","なんもくがわ","Nanmoku river","これらの岩石は、南牧川と青倉川の合流点にあるこれらの岩は、2億5000万～3億年前の深海火山の噴火によってできたものです。","These rocks, at the confluence of the Nanmoku and Aokura rivers, are the product of deep-sea volcanic eruptions 250–300 million years ago."]
[4554,"群馬県","群馬県","河川・渓谷","青倉川","あおくらがわ","Aokura rivers","これらの岩石は、南牧川と青倉川の合流点にあるこれらの岩は、2億5000万～3億年前の深海火山の噴火によってできたものです。","These rocks, at the confluence of the Nanmoku and Aokura rivers, are the product of deep-sea volcanic eruptions 250–300 million years ago."]
[4555,"群馬県","群馬県","河川・渓谷","鏑川","かぶらがわ","Kabura River","南牧川が鏑川に流れ込む青い岩の近くでは、特にコントラストが際立っています。","The Kabura River, which flows through Shimonita, has also eroded other areas over the years, carving natural terraces into a valley below the town center."]
[4556,"群馬県","群馬県","山岳","妙義山","みょうぎさん","Mt. Myogi","妙義山は、7つのゴツゴツとした岩の尖塔の総称で、この山脈の一部です。","Mt. Myogi, the collective name for a group of seven rugged and rocky spires, is part of this range. "]
[4557,"群馬県","群馬県","テーマ施設等","下仁田ジオパーク","しもにたじおぱーく","Shimonita Geopark","下仁田ジオパークは、43のジオパークの1つです。","Shimonita Geopark is one of 43 geoparks in Japan.  "]
[4558,"群馬県","群馬県","テーマ施設等","神津牧場","こずぼくじょう","Kozu Farm","神津牧場は、日本で最も古い西洋式の酪農場の1つです。","Kozu Farm is one of the oldest Western-style dairy farms in Japan."]
[4559,"群馬県","群馬県","山岳","物見山","ものみやま","Mt. Monomi","その400ヘクタールの牧場は長野県との国境に近い群馬県南西部の物見山の東部に位置しています。","Its some 400 hectares are located on the eastern slopes of Mt. Monomi in southwestern Gunma Prefecture, near the border with Nagano Prefecture. "]
[4560,"群馬県","群馬県","史跡","中小坂鉄鉱山","なかおさかてっこうざん","Nakaosaka Iron Mine","1840年代に下仁田の北部にある中小坂鉄鉱山で始まった鉱業は、日本最古の鉄鉱山の一つに数えられています。","Mining began at Nakaosaka Iron Mine, just north of Shimonita, in the 1840s, making it one of Japan’s earliest iron ore mines"]
[4561,"群馬県","群馬県","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","諏訪神社","すわじんじゃ","Suwa-jinja Shinto shrine","諏訪神社は、下仁田町で重要な神社の一つです。","The principal shrine of Shimonita is Suwa-jinja Shinto shrine."]
[4562,"群馬県","群馬県","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","諏訪の神","すわのかみ","Suwa no Kami","武田信玄（1521–1573）が戦国時代（1467–1568）にこの地域で戦ったとき、彼は神社を勇気と義務の神である諏訪の神に再び捧げる儀式を執り行いました。","When warlord Takeda Shingen (1521–1573) campaigned through the area during the Warring States period (1467–1568), he arranged rites to re-dedicate the shrine to Suwa no Kami, the god of valor and duty. "]
[4563,"群馬県","群馬県","組織・団体","徳川幕府","とくがわばくふ","Tokugawa shogunate","1603年から1867年まで日本を統治した徳川幕府の末期には、日本の社会的・政治的激動がありました。","There was substantial social and political upheaval in Japan in the waning days of the Tokugawa shogunate, which governed Japan from 1603–1867."]
[4564,"群馬県","群馬県","組織・団体","天狗党","てんぐとう","Tengu Party","天狗党は結局、京都への旅を断念し、物資が不足したときに帰国しなければなりませんでした。","The Tengu Party eventually had to abandon their journey to Kyoto and return home when they ran short of supplies."]
[4565,"群馬県","群馬県","その他","和算","わさん","wasan","その後、中国から輸入した知識をもとに数学の理論に取り組み、江戸時代に日本で使われていた数学の分野の一つである和算の発展に貢献しました。","Later he began to work on mathematical theories based on knowledge imported from China, contributing to the development of wasan, a branch of mathematics used in Japan during the Edo period. "]
[4566,"群馬県","群馬県","河川・渓谷","三波石峡","さんばせききょう","Sanbaseki Gorge","三波川の三波石峡には、古くから川によって形作られた、青みがかった巨大な石英の片岩があります。","Sanbaseki Gorge on the Sanba River contains massive green schist boulders shaped by the river over the ages."]
[4567,"群馬県","群馬県","史跡","古墳","こふん","Kofun","古墳は、3世紀から7世紀にかけて、日本社会の支配や上流階級の埋葬に一般的に使用されていた土の埋葬塚です。","Kofun are burial mounds that were commonly built for the deceased of the ruling and other upper classes of Japanese society from the third century to the seventh century. "]
[4568,"群馬県","群馬県","史跡","白石稲荷山古墳","しろいしいなりやまこふん","Shiroishi-Inariyama kofun","白石稲荷山古墳は5世紀のもので、最古のものです。","The Shiroishi-Inariyama kofun, from the fifth century, is the oldest."]
[4569,"群馬県","群馬県","史跡","七輿山古墳","ななこしやまこふん","Nanakoshiyama kofun","七輿山支群内の中では、長さ150m、高さ16mの七輿山古墳は、東日本最大級の鍵穴型古墳です。","Within the Nanakoshiyama group, the Nanakoshiyama kofun is 150 meters long and 16 meters high, making it one of the largest keyhole-shaped burial mounds in eastern Japan."]
[4570,"群馬県","群馬県","史跡","埴輪","はにわ","haniwa","埴輪という言葉は文字通り粘土の輪を意味します。","The word haniwa literally means “circle of clay."]
[4571,"群馬県","群馬県","史跡","平井地区1号古墳","ひらいちくいちごうこふん","Hirai Number One kofun","他にも古墳時代の日本の国際貿易の証拠として、七輿山グループの平井地区1号古墳から出土した刀剣があり、博物館の入り口から見ることができます。","Other evidence of Japan’s international trade during the Kofun period is a sword recovered from the Hirai Number One kofun of the Nanakoshiyama group, which is visible from the museum entrance. "]
[4572,"群馬県","群馬県","史跡","皇子塚古墳","おうじづかこふん","Ojizuka kofun","同じグループから出土したもう一つの遺物は、近くの皇子塚古墳から出土した鳳凰頭の形をした剣の柄を指輪で囲んだもので","Korean Peninsula. Another artifact recovered from the same group, in the nearby Ojizuka kofun, is a sword hilt in the shape of a phoenix head surrounded by a ring."]
[4573,"群馬県","群馬県","社会","石器時代","せっきじだい","Stone Age","日本で最初に発見された石器時代の野営地の1つは、藤岡の北東約15kmにある岩宿にあります。","One of the first Stone Age campsites to be found in Japan is at Iwajuku, about 15 kilometers northeast of Fujioka. "]
[4574,"群馬県","群馬県","史跡","土偶","どぐう","dogu","通常、サイズは10〜30センチメートルで、土偶は高度に様式化された人間または動物の形です。","Usually between 10 and 30 centimeters in size, dogu are highly stylized human or animal shapes. "]
[4575,"群馬県","群馬県","社会","弥生時代","やよいじだい","Yayoi period","弥生時代（紀元前300年〜西暦300年）は、狩猟採集社会から定住農耕社会への移行が顕著です。","The Yayoi period (300 BCE–300 CE) is marked by the shift from a hunter/gatherer society to a settled agricultural society. "]
[4576,"群馬県","群馬県","史跡","富本銭","ふほんせん","Fuhon-sen coins","富本銭は7世紀後半にさかのぼり、日本で最も初期に生産された硬貨の1つです。","Fuhon-sen coins date from the late seventh century, making them among the earliest coinage produced in Japan. "]
[4577,"群馬県","群馬県","史跡","須恵器","すえき","Sue Pottery","須恵器は、古墳時代に朝鮮半島からの入植者によって日本に伝わった青灰色の焼き物です。","Sue Pottery is a blue-gray ware that was introduced to Japan by settlers from the Korean Peninsula during the Kofun period. "]
[4578,"群馬県","群馬県","乗物","零戦","れいせん","Zero fighter","彼は特に、第二次世界大戦中に大活躍した戦闘機「零戦」を手がけたことで知られています。","He is particularly known for his work on the Zero fighter plane that played a major role during World War II."]
[4579,"群馬県","群馬県","山岳","妙義山","みょうぎさん","Mt. Myogi","妙義山は、その特異な景観から日本三大奇勝のひとつに数えられています。","This unusual scenery has earned Mt. Myogi a place as one of Japan’s top three rugged beauty spots."]
[4580,"群馬県","群馬県","人物・人名・役職名","空海","くうかい","Kukai (774–835; known posthumously as Kobo Daishi)","819年に創建された中之嶽神社は、日本に仏教を広めたとされる空海（774～835年、弘法大師の死後の名で知られる）が同地に創建した寺院である。","Nakanotake Shrine was founded in 819 and was once home to a temple established on the same site by Kukai (774–835; known posthumously as Kobo Daishi), a Buddhist priest who is largely credited with spreading Buddhism in Japan."]
[4581,"群馬県","群馬県","食","下仁田ネギ","しもにたねぎ","Shimonita-negi","下仁田で最も有名な農産物の1つは、真冬に収穫最盛期を迎える下仁田ネギです。下仁田の多くの作物と同様に、この野菜は地元のアルカリ性土壌でよく育ちます。","One of Shimonita’s best-known agricultural specialties is Shimonita-negi, a type of Japanese long onion only available fresh for a short time in the middle of winter."]
[4582,"群馬県","群馬県","食","こんにゃく","こんにゃく","konnyaku","下仁田は、日本のこんにゃくの首都として広く知られています。","Shimonita is widely regarded as the konnyaku capital of Japan. "]
[4583,"群馬県","群馬県","テーマ施設等","下仁田あじさい園","しもにたあじさいえん","Shimonita Hydrangea Garden","下仁田あじさい園は甘楽郡にある3ヘクタールの丘の中腹にある公園で、森の中で約2万本のアジサイが育っています。","The Shimonita Hydrangea Garden is a three-hectare hillside park in the Kanra District that contains some 20,000 hydrangeas growing in the woods. "]
[4584,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","レジャー・アクティビティ","吉田口登山道","よしだぐちとざんどう","Yoshida Ascending Route","日本最大級の木造鳥居であるこの大鳥居は、古来山頂に向かう巡礼者がたどった吉田口登山道の起点です。","one of the largest wooden torii in Japan, and the starting point of the traditional Yoshida Ascending Route that pilgrims followed to the summit."]
[4585,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","レジャー・アクティビティ","御中道","おちゅうどう","Ochudo","時計回りにたどるものとされていた御中道を模して、御中道回廊も時計回りに歩くことを前提に設計されています。","The Ochudo was always traveled clockwise, and the Ochudo Gallery is designed to be walked the same way."]
[4586,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","参詣曼荼羅","さんけいまんだら","sankei mandara","参詣曼荼羅は、16世紀以降に日本各地で制作された霊場の全景絵図です。","Pilgrimage mandalas (sankei mandara) were panoramic, stylized representations of sacred sites produced across Japan from the sixteenth century. ","※「sankei mandara」は斜体で表記。"]
[4587,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","高原・湿原・原野","青木ヶ原樹海","あおきがはらじゅかい","Aokigahara Jukai Forest ","富士山西面から流れ出した溶岩は、現在青木ヶ原樹海に覆われている広大な平原をつくりだし、石花海の大部分を埋めたてました。","Lava flowed from the mountain’s western flank, creating the vast, level plain now covered by the Aokigahara Jukai Forest and filling in much of the Senoumi lake. "]
[4588,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","修験者","しゅげんしゃ","Shugen ascetics","修験者たちは11世紀にはすでに富士山に登っていましたが、富士山がより一般的な信仰の対象となったのは15世紀後半のことでした。","Shugen ascetics were climbing Mt. Fuji as early as the eleventh century, but it was in the late fifteenth century that the mountain became the focus of a more popular faith."]
[4589,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","八海巡り","はっかいめぐり","Hakkai Meguri","巡拝：八海巡りやお鉢巡り（山頂火口周辺）など、富士山と周辺地域の霊場を巡るルート","Circuit pilgrimages: routes visiting multiple sacred sites on and around the mountain, including the Hakkai Meguri (Eight-Lake Circuit) and Ohachi Meguri (around the crater at the summit)"]
[4590,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","お鉢巡り","おはちめぐり","Ohachi Meguri","巡拝：八海巡りやお鉢巡り（山頂火口周辺）など、富士山と周辺地域の霊場を巡るルート","Circuit pilgrimages: routes visiting multiple sacred sites on and around the mountain, including the Hakkai Meguri (Eight-Lake Circuit) and Ohachi Meguri (around the crater at the summit)"]
[4591,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","その他","胎内","たいない","tainai","「胎内」という語は富士山周辺にある溶岩流の地下にある狭い洞穴を指します。","The word “tainai” refers to narrow underground tunnels in the lava flows around Mt. Fuji. "]
[4592,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","自然現象","貞観の大噴火","じょうがんのだいふんか"," Jogan Eruption","しかし、864年、富士山は巨大噴火を発生させました。これが、貞観6年にあたる864年に起こったことからその名がつけられた「貞観の大噴火」でした。","Nevertheless, in 864, Mt. Fuji erupted with catastrophic force. This was the Jogan Eruption, so named because 864 was the sixth year of the Jogan era. "]
[4593,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","役行者","えんのぎょうじゃ","En no Gyoja","役行者の人物像を包む多くの伝説の中には、富士山にまつわるものもあります。","Many legends surround the figure of En no Gyoja, some of which involve Mt. Fuji. "]
[4594,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","巡拝","じゅんぱい","junpai","信仰の実践の一形態としてこれらのルートを踏破することは「巡拝」と呼ばれました。","Treading these routes as a form of religious practice was known as circuit pilgrimage (junpai).","※「junpai」は斜体で表記。"]
[4595,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","コノハナサクヤヒメ","このはなさくやひめ","Konohanasakuya Hime","本仏大日如来が住まう山だった富士山は、神道の神、コノハナサクヤヒメを祀る山となりました。","Instead of the peak where the Primordial Buddha Dainichi Nyorai resided, Mt. Fuji became a mountain that enshrined the Shinto deity Konohanasakuya Hime."]
[4596,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","御師","おし","oshi","御師の間でさえ、これに対する強い反対はありませんでした。","Even among the oshi, there was no strong opposition to this.","※「oshi」は斜体で表記。"]
[4597,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","その他","甲斐国","かいのくに","Kai Province","河口湖の北岸に位置する川口は、すでに甲斐国（現在の山梨県）と富士山南側の駿河国と相模国（現在の静岡県と神奈川県）を結ぶ甲斐路に設置されていた駅家でした。","Kawaguchi, on the northern shore of Lake Kawaguchiko, was already an established station on the Kai Road that connected Kai Province (modern-day Yamanashi Prefecture) to the provinces of Suruga and Sagami (modern-day Shizuoka and Kanagawa prefectures) south of the mountain. "]
[4598,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","水行","すいぎょう","suigyo","巡礼者たちは富士山に登る前、あるいは登った後にこれらの湖を巡拝し、水行と呼ばれる心身を清めるために身体の一部または全身を水に浸ける儀式を行いました。","Either before or after climbing the mountain, pilgrims would visit the lakes one by one to perform a rite called suigyo, a partial or full immersion thought to purify body and soul. ","※「suigyo」は斜体で表記。"]
[4599,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","富士講","ふじこう","Fuji-ko","この碑は19世紀初期に丸正講という名の富士講によって建立されました。","The monument was erected in the early nineteenth century by a Fuji-ko group called Marusho-ko. "]
[4600,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","建造物等","山小屋","やまごや","yamagoya","明見湖畔の集落では4世帯が富士山で山小屋を営み、登山者に宿泊する場所を提供していました。","Four households of the village on Lake Asumiko’s shores operated mountain lodges (yamagoya) on Mt. Fuji offering rest or overnight accommodation to pilgrims. ","※「yamagoya」は斜体で表記。"]
[4601,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","その他","竜宮","りゅうぐう","Ryugu","西湖の南岸には「竜宮洞穴」と呼ばれる溶岩洞窟があります。「竜宮」とは龍神の御殿という意味で、地域住民はこの洞穴は龍の姿をした水の神の住まいだと信じていました。","On the southern shore lies a lava cave called Ryugu Doketsu. “Ryugu” means “dragon palace,” and local residents believed this cave was the residence of a water deity in the form of a dragon."]
[4602,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","山岳","女坂","おんなざか","Onnazaka","研究者たちは、巡礼者は精進湖の北岸にある集落から女坂（当時は阿難坂と呼ばれていた）という峠を登った後、山地の肩部に散在する村々をつなぐ道をたどったのではないかと考えています。","Researchers suspect they climbed Onnazaka Pass (then known as Ananzaka Pass) from the village on the lake’s north shore and then followed the path connecting the villages scattered along the mountain’s shoulder. "]
[4603,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","人穴","ひとあな","Hitoana Lava Cave ","人穴と白糸の滝","Hitoana Lava Cave and Shiraito-no-Taki Waterfalls"]
[4604,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","滝","白糸の滝","しらいとのたき","Shiraito-no-Taki Waterfalls","人穴と白糸の滝","Hitoana Lava Cave and Shiraito-no-Taki Waterfalls"]
[4605,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","湖沼","忍野八海","おしのはっかい","Oshino Hakkai","この計画は成功し、忍野八海は今日でも人気の観光地となっています。","The project was successful, and the Oshino Hakkai remains a popular tourist destination to this day. "]
[4606,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","湖沼","忍草の元八湖","しぼくさのもとはっこ"," Shibokusa no Moto Hakko","忍野八海という名称自体は1930年代につけられたもので、それ以前は忍草の元八湖と呼ばれていました。","The name itself dates only to the 1930s; before this, it was known as Shibokusa no Moto Hakko, or Original Eight Lakes of Shibokusa."]
[4607,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","湖沼","外八湖","そとはっかい","Outer Eight Lakes \n(Soto Hakkai) ","外八湖は、日光の中禅寺湖から300km以上離れた京都の北に位置する琵琶湖まで、日本各地に散在しています。","The Outer Eight Lakes (Soto Hakkai) stretch across much of Japan, from Lake Chuzenji in Nikko to Lake Biwa north of Kyoto, more than 300 kilometers away."]
[4608,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","湖沼","内八海","うちはっかい","Inner Eight Lakes\n (Uchi Hakkai)","内八海と同様、外八海は富士講が開祖として崇めた長谷川角行（1541?-1646 ）ゆかりの地とされました。","Like the Inner Eight Lakes (Uchi Hakkai), they were explained as sites with some link to Hasegawa Kakugyo (1541?–1646), whom the Fuji-ko confraternities claimed as their founder. "]
[4609,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","自然現象","大沢崩れ","おおさわくずれ","Osawakuzure\n (Osawa Collapse) ","大沢崩れをはじめとする数々の谷を渡る道中は危険だったため、最も熟練した巡礼者のみがこの道に挑みました。","The route was dangerous, crossing the Osawakuzure (Osawa Collapse) and many other valleys, so only the most skilled pilgrims attempted it."]
[4610,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","その他","中道","ちゅうどう"," Chudo","巡礼者は大抵山頂に参拝した帰りに中道を歩きました。","Pilgrims generally walked the Chudo on the way back from worshiping at the summit. "]
[4611,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","御八葉","　おはちよう"," Ohachiyo","広大な中央の火口を囲む不揃いな火口壁は、「御八葉（八枚の花弁）」と呼ばれ、それぞれの「花弁」は異なる仏教の神に関連づけられていました。","The irregular rim of peaks around the vast central crater were called the Ohachiyo, or Eight Petals, with each “petal” associated with a different Buddhist deity. "]
[4612,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","御来迎","ごらいごう","Goraigo","御来迎：阿弥陀如来の出現","Goraigo: The Appearance of Amida Buddha","※「Goraigo」は斜体で表記。"]
[4613,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","自然現象","御来光","ごらいこう","Goraiko","御来光：光の到来","Goraiko: The Coming of the Light","※「Goraiko」は斜体で表記。"]
[4614,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","富士塚","ふじづか","Fujizuka","18世紀後期、富士講は江戸（現在の東京）の町や周辺の国々に富士塚を造るようになりました。","In the late eighteenth century, Fuji-ko confraternities began to build Fujizuka, or Fuji mounds, in the city of Edo (modern-day Tokyo) and the surrounding provinces. ","※「Fujizuka」は斜体で表記。"]
[4615,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","山岳","利尻富士","りしりふじ","Rishiri Fuji","北海道の利尻島を形成する円錐形の火山「利尻富士」は、富士山と見た目が似ている郷土富士の一例です。","Rishiri Fuji, the conical volcano forming Rishiri Island in Hokkaido Prefecture, is one example of a local Fuji with a visual resemblance. "]
[4616,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","餅つき","もちつき"," mochitsuki","農村で一般的な「餅つき」と呼ばれる集団での餅づくりは、浅間大社祭が切原の稲作の伝統と強く結びついていることを示しています。","Communal making of rice cakes, known as mochitsuki, is common in farming villages, and shows that the Sengen Taisai festival is strongly linked to Kirihara’s tradition of rice cultivation. ","※「mochitsuki」は斜体で表記。"]
[4617,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","依代","よりしろ"," yorishiro","これらは浅間神の依代（神を降臨させる祭具）として山頂に立てられます。","At the mountaintop, they are erected as yorishiro for Sengen-shin: ritual objects in which the kami’s presence is received.","※「yorishiro」は斜体で表記。"]
[4618,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","本宮","もとみや","motomiya","この二社はそれぞれ本宮と里宮と呼ばれていました。","The two sites were known as the “original shrine” (motomiya) and “village shrine” (satomiya) respectively.","※「motomiya」は斜体で表記。"]
[4619,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","里宮","さとみや","satomiya","この二社はそれぞれ本宮と里宮と呼ばれていました。","The two sites were known as the “original shrine” (motomiya) and “village shrine” (satomiya) respectively.","※「satomiya」は斜体で表記。"]
[4620,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","富士御室浅間神社","ふじおむろせんげんじんじゃ","Fuji Omuro Sengen-jinja Shrine","富士御室浅間神社は、吉田口登山道の二合目に位置しています。","Fuji Omuro Sengen-jinja Shrine is located at the 2nd Station of the Yoshida Ascending Route. "]
[4621,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","北口本宮富士浅間神社","きたぐちほんぐうふじせんげんじんじゃ","Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine","北口本宮富士浅間神社は、富士山頂に向かう富士講の巡礼者が通った吉田口登山道の起点です。","Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen-jinja Shrine is the starting point of the Yoshida Ascending Route, the trail to the summit used by Fuji-ko pilgrims. "]
[4622,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","富士山本宮浅間神社","ふじさんほんぐうせんげんじんじゃ","Fujisan Hongu Sengen-taisha Shrine","富士山本宮浅間神社は、日本各地にある浅間神社の総本宮です。","Fujisan Hongu Sengen-taisha Shrine is the head shrine of Japan’s Sengen shrine network. "]
[4623,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","溶岩洞穴","ようがんどうけつ","Lava Caves","溶岩洞穴、樹型、胎内","Lava Caves, Tree Molds, and Tainai"]
[4624,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","その他","樹型","じゅけい","Tree Molds","溶岩洞穴、樹型、胎内","Lava Caves, Tree Molds, and Tainai"]
[4625,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","無戸室浅間神社","うつむろせんげんじんじゃ","Utsumuro Sengen-jinja Shrine","やがて、船津胎内の入り口の上に無戸室浅間神社が建立されました。","Eventually, Utsumuro Sengen-jinja Shrine was built over the entrance."]
[4626,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","丸藤宗岡講","まるとうむねおかこう","Maruto Muneoka-ko","最初に吉田胎内を利用したのは、丸藤宗岡講でした。","The first group to make use of the Yoshida Tainai was the Maruto Muneoka-ko. "]
[4627,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","浅間大菩薩","せんげんだいぼさつ","Sengen Daibosatsu","13世紀には、この穴は富士山の神「浅間大菩薩」の住まいであると記述され、一般に流通していた絵巻にはこの穴を通って冥界へと旅した武士の話が描かれていました。","As early as the thirteenth century, records called it the home of Sengen Daibosatsu, deity of the mountain, and a commonly circulated illustrated story told of a samurai who traveled through it to the underworld."]
[4628,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","書物","万葉集","まんようしゅう","Man’yoshu ","富士山を礼讃する最古の記録は、8世紀の万葉集に収められた和歌です。","The earliest records of devotion to Mt. Fuji are poems in the eighth-century Man’yoshu anthology. ","※「Man’yoshu」は斜体で表記。"]
[4629,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","浅間神","あさまのかみ","Asama no Kami","これは富士山の女神である「浅間神」の像のうち、現存する最古の作品の複製です。","This is a replica of the earliest surviving statue of Asama no Kami, goddess of Mt. Fuji. "]
[4630,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神仏習合","しんぶつしゅうごう","shinbutsu shugo","この作品は神仏習合の絶好例です。","The work is a literal example of Shinto-Buddhist syncretism (shinbutsu shugo). ","※「shinbutsu shugo」は斜体で表記。"]
[4631,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","御法印","ごおうほういん","go-o hoin","この種のお守りは御法印、あるいは牛王と呼ばれます。","Amulets of this type are known as go-o hoin or simply go-o. ","※「go-o hoin」は斜体で表記。"]
[4632,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","牛王","ごおう","go-o","この種のお守りは御法印、あるいは牛王と呼ばれます。","Amulets of this type are known as go-o hoin or simply go-o. ","※「go-o」は斜体で表記。"]
[4633,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","書物","源氏物語","げんじものがたり","The Tale of Genji","これは、「源氏物語」などの古典文学作品を生んだ宮廷社会の中心にいた貴族、藤原道長が奉納したものでした。","This offering was made by Fujiwara no Michinaga (966–1028), a nobleman at the center of the court society that produced classic works of literature like The Tale of Genji. ","※「The Tale of Genji」は斜体で表記。"]
[4634,"山梨県","山梨県富士山世界文化遺産保存活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","末法思想","まっぽうしそう","mappo thought ","明らかに、末法思想の影響は富士山にまで及んでいました。","The impact of mappo thought evidently reached as far as Mt. Fuji.","※「mappo」は斜体で表記。 "]
[4635,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","建造物等","合掌造り","がっしょうづくり","gassho style","白川郷地域最大の集落であるこの村には100世帯以上が住んでおり、その多くが暮らす伝統的な茅葺き屋根の家屋は、合掌（礼拝時の手の形）造りで建てられています。","The largest settlement in the Shirakawa-go area, the village is home to more than 100 families, many of whom live in traditional thatched farmhouses built in the gassho or “praying hands” style."]
[4636,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","建造物等","囲炉裏","いろり","irori","この住居の1階には中央に伝統的な囲炉裏があり、食器類や調理器具など日常生活で使われていた品物が展示されています。","The first floor of the residence centers on a traditional irori fireplace and displays items used in daily life such as tableware and kitchen utensils."]
[4637,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","建造物等","ネソ","ねそ","neso","また、屋根裏部屋では、マンサクの苗木で作られたネソという締め具と藁縄で固定された屋根の裏側を見ることもできます。","The attic also provides a look at the inside of the roof structure, which is secured by straw ropes and bindings (neso) made of witch hazel saplings. "]
[4638,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","建造物等","蔵","くら","kura","重要文化財に指定されている家屋に加え、和田家の敷地内には隣接した庭と池、著しく大きな離れ家（お手洗い）、および裏の耐火倉庫（蔵）などもあります。","In addition to the house, which is designated an Important Cultural Property, the Wada estate includes an adjacent garden and pond, a notably large outhouse (lavatory), and a fire-resistant storehouse (kura) in the back."]
[4639,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","建造物等","焔硝","えんしょう","saltpeter","これには、乾燥したススキを使って茅葺きされた急勾配の三角形の屋根や、切妻造りの両側に窓を持つ広々とした多層式の屋根裏部屋、1階の真ん中に置かれた囲炉裏、および焔硝（火薬に不可欠な原料の硝酸カリウム）を作るための床下の穴などが含まれます。","These include a steeply slanted, triangular roof thatched with dried miscanthus grass (susuki), a spacious multi-level attic with windows on the gabled ends, an irori fireplace in the middle of the first floor, and a pit for producing saltpeter (potassium nitrate, an essential ingredient in gunpowder) underneath the floor."]
[4640,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","建造物等","庫裡","くり","kuri","本堂の隣には、この寺の住職やその家族の住居、庫裡があり、この村最大の合掌造りの家屋のひとつを占めています。","Next to the main hall is the kuri, or living quarters of the head priest and his family, occupying one of the largest gassho-style houses in the village. "]
[4641,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","建造物等","火天","ひあま","hiama","暖炉の上には、火の粉を消したり、煙を消したり、家中の熱を逃がさないようにするための火天（ひあま）という木の板が掛けられています。","Above the fireplace hangs a hiama, a wooden board used to extinguish sparks rising from the fire, to dissipate smoke, and to prevent heat from dispersing throughout the house."]
[4642,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","鐘楼門","しょうろうもん","Shoromon","鐘楼門は、妙善寺の正門です。","The Shoromon is the main gate of Myozenji Temple."]
[4643,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","動物","養蚕","ようさん","sericulture","この地の人々は、農業だけでは生計を立てることができなかったため、江戸時代（1603–1867）中期には養蚕を取り入れ、これが主な収入源となりました。","Unable to subsist on agriculture alone, the local people adopted sericulture, or silkworm raising, as their primary source of income during the mid-Edo period (1603–1867)."]
[4644,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","食","どぶろく","どぶろく","doburoku","その内容は、神輿が地域の家々を練り歩く神輿行列、獅子舞などの伝統芸能や、大量のどぶろく（にごり酒）の振る舞いなどの宗教的な儀式で構成されており、どの神社もほぼ同じです。","The program varies little from shrine to shrine, consisting of religious ceremonies, including a procession in which a mikoshi (portable shrine) is paraded from house to house in the neighborhood, performances of lion dancing (shishimai) and other traditional arts, and the drinking of copious amounts of doburoku, or unfiltered sake."]
[4645,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","八幡神","はちまんしん","Hachiman","白川八幡神社と武士の守護神である八幡神との関係は、この時期にまでさかのぼると考えられています。","The shrine’s association with Hachiman, the guardian deity of warriors, is believed to date to this period."]
[4646,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","獅子舞","ししまい","shishimai","獅子舞は日本全国でみられる、獅子の衣装とお面を付けて踊るという一般的な伝統芸能です。振り付け、衣装、参加する人数などは、地域によって大きく異なります。","Shishimai (Japanese lion dancing) is a traditional performing art, common throughout Japan, in which dancers wear a lion costume complete with a head represented by a mask."]
[4647,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","百足獅子舞","むかでししまい","mukade shishimai","白川郷では、獅子舞は常に4人が一緒になって踊ることになっており、足が8本あることから「百足獅子舞」という名前が付けられています。","In Shirakawa-go, the lion is always represented by four dancers, whose eight feet are what give this version of the dance its name: mukade shishimai, or centipede lion dance."]
[4648,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","春駒","はるこま","harukoma","春駒は、荻町特有の伝統芸能の一つです。","Harukoma (“spring horse”) is a type of traditional performance art specific to the village of Ogimachi."]
[4649,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","年中行事","初午","はつうま","hatsu-uma","伝統的な太陰暦の2月の最初の「午（うま）の日」である初午（現在は2月下旬～3月中旬）","On hatsu-uma, the first day of the horse in the second month of the traditional lunar calendar (which now falls anywhere between late February and mid-March)..."]
[4650,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","その他","結","ゆい","yui","厳格な互恵関係を前提とする、この白川郷の助け合いの精神を「結（ゆい）」と言います。","The spirit of such cooperation, in which strict reciprocity is assumed, is referred to as yui."]
[4651,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","組織・団体","白川郷荻町自然環境を守る会","しらかわごうおぎまちしぜんかんきょうをまもるかい","Shirakawa-mura Ogimachi Natural Environment Preservation Society","同年、荻町住民は、合掌造りの家と地元社会を守るために白川郷荻町自然環境を守る会を発足した。同会は、価値ある歴史的観光資源である合掌家屋を売らない、貸さない、壊さないの原則を打ち出した。","In the same year, the residents of Ogimachi founded the Shirakawa-mura Ogimachi Natural Environment Preservation Society to protect the gassho-style houses and the local community."]
[4652,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","その他","石場カチ","いしばかち","ishiba-kachi","地元では石場カチと呼ばれるこの基礎作り作業には、昔は村人総出で参加してます。","Known locally as ishiba-kachi, the building of a foundation in this way used to be a collaborative effort that involved participants from the entire village."]
[4653,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","組織・団体","大家族","だいかぞく","extended families","同地域の一部、特に北部と南部では、耕作地の不足は、他の場所で習慣だったように後継（普通は長男）以外の子どもが家を出て自分の家族を始めるのではなく、大家族が皆同じ家で暮らし、同じ畑を耕すことを意味した。","The practice of extended families sharing a house was systematized and developed further from the mid-Edo period (1603–1867) into the Meiji era (1868–1912), when the people of Shirakawa-go made sericulture (silkworm raising) their primary means of subsistence. "]
[4654,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","植物","カリヤス","かりやす","kariyasu","以前白川郷の大部分で合掌造り家屋の茅葺き材として使用されていたのは、カリヤスというイネ科ススキ属の草でした。","The type of grass used to thatch the roofs of gassho-style houses in most of Shirakawa-go was traditionally a variety of miscanthus called kariyasu."]
[4655,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","植物","ニュウ","にゅう","nyu","刈り取ったカリヤスはまず乾燥させてから、ニュウと呼ばれる巨大な円柱状に積み上げて丘陵地帯で保管していました。","The harvested grass was initially dried and stored on the hillside in large cylindrical stacks called nyu."]
[4656,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","植物","ススキ","すすき","susuki","カリヤスという草自体が入手困難となり、ススキという成長が速く入手しやすい品種に取って代わられました。","The kariyasu grass itself has become a rarity, replaced by a faster-growing and more common miscanthus variety called susuki."]
[4657,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","建造物等","雪囲い","ゆきがこい","yukigakoi","雪囲いと呼ばれるこういったフェンスを設置すると、屋根から落ちて地面に積もった雪で、家の壁が押しつぶされるのを防ぐ効果があります。","Called yukigakoi, these fences prevent snow that has fallen off the roof and piled up on the ground from crushing the walls of the house."]
[4658,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","白山信仰","はくさんしんこう","Hakusan faith","この分布は、白山信仰が船乗りによって広まったためである可能性が高い。船乗りにとって白山は、荒れがちで油断のできない海において方向感覚をもたらしてくれる重要な目印だった。","This distribution is likely due to the Hakusan faith having been disseminated by seafarers, for whom the peak was an important landmark that provided a sense of direction in what were often stormy and treacherous waters."]
[4659,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","年中行事","報恩講","ほうおんこう","Ho’onko","報恩講では、浄土真宗の宗祖である親鸞（1173-1263年）を追悼する。","Among the most important of these for Jodo Shinshu devotees is the annual Ho’onko, which memorializes the school’s founder, Shinran (1173–1263)."]
[4660,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","食","石割豆腐","いしわりとうふ","ishiwari tofu","今では「石割豆腐」（石割りの豆腐）と呼ばれている。名前がほのめかすほどには固くないが、この料理は多くの地元のレストランで食べることができる。","One exceptionally solid variety later came to be eaten grilled, which hardens it further, and is referred to as “ishiwari tofu” (stone-breaking tofu)."]
[4661,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","食","すったて","すったて","Suttate","すったて汁は、仏教の精進料理に起源を持つ白川郷の名物料理です。","Suttate soup is a Shirakawa-go specialty with origins in vegetarian Buddhist cuisine."]
[4662,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","カグツチ","かぐつち","Kagutsuchi","大正時代（1912〜1926）に神社の建物が再建され、神道の火の神、カグツチに正式に献じられるまで、この聖域はあまり目立ちませんでした。カグツチを祀る神道の主要な聖地、静岡県の秋葉山本宮との関係を際立たせるため、秋葉神社と改名されたのもこの時です。","This sanctuary remained a modest place of worship until the Taisho era (1912–1926), when the shrine building was reconstructed and officially dedicated to Kagutsuchi, the Shinto god of fire."]
[4663,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","集落・街","飛騨","ひだ","Hida","白川郷は、飛騨エリアの一部ですが、飛騨は岐阜県北部、飛騨山脈の西側に広がり、白川のほか、高山、飛騨、下呂の市町村を含みます。古くから1871年まで、この地域は飛騨国と呼ばれ、田舎で、主に木材や金属の産地として知られる、日本の中でも比較的目立たない地域でした。","Shirakawa-go is part of the Hida area, which extends across northern Gifu Prefecture west of the Hida mountain range and, in addition to Shirakawa, includes the municipalities of Takayama, Hida, and Gero."]
[4664,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","植物","ウルシ","うるし","urushi","漆の原料となるウルシの樹液などの林業関連の産物の取引で生活していました。","Villagers also subsisted on forestry and trading in related commodities, including urushi sap harvested for lacquer-making."]
[4665,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","組織・団体","加賀藩","かがはん","Kaga domain","その名が知られていたのは白川郷産の絹の品質の高さによるもので、飛騨や日本海沿岸の有力な加賀藩（現在の富山県、石川県）において需要の高い商品となっていました。 ","This renown was due to the high quality of Shirakawa silk, which became an in-demand commodity both in Hida and in the powerful Kaga domain on the Sea of Japan coast (today’s Toyama and Ishikawa Prefectures)."]
[4666,"京都府","総本山　\n仁和寺","工芸・美術品","天和古図","てんなこず","Tenna kozu","天和古図は、現在の姿になった仁和寺の現存する中でも最古の地図です。","The Tenna kozu is the oldest map still in existence of Ninnaji Temple in its current configuration."]
[4667,"京都府","総本山　\n仁和寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","織部灯籠","おりべとうろう","Oribe style","これらは、茶人・古田織部（1544～1615）の名を冠した織部灯籠という様式のもので、台座上部の丸みを帯びた形状と上部に冠されたコブのような宝珠が特徴的です。","They are in the Oribe style, named after tea master and lantern designer Furuta Oribe (1544–1615), and are distinguished by the rounded shape of the upper portion of their pedestals and the jewel-like knobs on their crowns."]
[4668,"京都府","総本山　\n仁和寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","阿弥陀三尊","あみださんぞん","Amida Triad","見どころのひとつは、9世紀の開山当時に遡る阿弥陀三尊像で、国宝に指定されています。","One highlight is the statues of an Amida Triad that dates back to the temple’s founding in the ninth century and is designated a National Treasure."]
[4669,"京都府","総本山　\n仁和寺","人物・人名・役職名","不動明王","ふどうみょうおう","Fudo Myo-o","霊場内の岩上の石像は、五明王の一尊であり、仁和寺が属する真言宗の中心尊である不動明王を表現したものです。","The stone statue on a rock within this sanctuary depicts Fudo Myo-o, one of the Five Wisdom Kings and a central deity in Shingon Buddhism, the school to which Ninnaji belongs."]
[4670,"京都府","総本山　\n仁和寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","天満宮","てんまんぐう","Tenmangu shrine","菅原道真を学問の守護神として祀る天満宮は、日本全国各地にあります。","Tenmangu shrines, which honor Sugawara no Michizane as the patron deity of scholarship, are found throughout Japan."]
[4671,"京都府","総本山　\n仁和寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","玉串","たまぐし","tamagushi","宸殿の最も奥にある部屋に祀られている宇多天皇の肖像画の前には、班子の霊が宿っているとされる神聖な木の枝（玉串）が供えられます。","A sacred tree branch (tamagushi) believed to be imbued with the spirit of Hanshi is placed in front of a portrait of Emperor Uda enshrined in the innermost chamber of the Shinden."]
[4672,"京都府","総本山　\n仁和寺","史跡","済心塚","さいじんづか","Saijinzuka","済心塚は、埋葬塚のように見えますが、済信の遺体はその中に埋葬されていないと考えられています。","Though the Saijinzuka resembles a burial mound, Saijin’s physical remains are not thought to be contained within it."]
[4673,"京都府","総本山　\n仁和寺","芸能・興行・イベント","花見","はなみ","hanami","御室桜は、仁和寺が花見の季節に境内を一般公開した江戸時代（1603～1868）からその名を馳せてきており、今日でも毎年春になると多くの人で賑わいます。","Omuro Sakura have been renowned since the Edo period (1603–1868), when Ninnaji first opened its grounds to the public during cherry-blossom viewing (hanami) season."]
[4674,"京都府","総本山　\n仁和寺","建造物等","飛濤亭","ひとうてい","Hitotei","丘の上にある茶室、飛濤亭は、そこにたどり着くまでに滝の水しぶきがかかってしまうことにちなんで、そのように名付けられました。","On the hill stands the Hitotei teahouse, the name referring to the waterfall spray one must pass through to reach the teahouse."]
[4675,"京都府","総本山　\n仁和寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","勅使門","ちょくしもん","Chokushimon Gate","御殿に入る際には、天皇とその使者たちは、大きな勅使門から入り、庭を通って直接白書院に向かいますが、他の皇族は、あまり目立たない皇族門を使い、これら2本の木の間を通って入ります。","The emperor and his messengers enter through the larger Chokushimon Gate and walk directly across the garden to the Shiroshoin, while other members of the imperial family use the less imposing Kozokumon Gate and pass between the two trees in front of the Shinden when entering the palace complex."]
[4676,"京都府","総本山　\n仁和寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","皇族門","こうぞくもん","Kozokumon Gate","御殿に入る際には、天皇とその使者たちは、大きな勅使門から入り、庭を通って直接白書院に向かいますが、他の皇族は、あまり目立たない皇族門を使い、これら2本の木の間を通って入ります。","The emperor and his messengers enter through the larger Chokushimon Gate and walk directly across the garden to the Shiroshoin, while other members of the imperial family use the less imposing Kozokumon Gate and pass between the two trees in front of the Shinden when entering the palace complex."]
[4677,"京都府","総本山　\n仁和寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","御室八十八箇所巡","おむろはちじゅうはちかしょめぐり","Omuro 88-Temple Pilgrimage","この白黒の木版画は、四国八十八ヵ寺巡礼のミニチュア版である仁和寺の御室八十八箇所巡の、1827年に開始された直後に描かれたものです。","The Omuro 88-Temple Pilgrimage at Ninnaji, a miniature version of the Shikoku 88-Temple Pilgrimage, was depicted in this black-and-white woodblock print immediately after its inauguration in 1827."]
[4678,"京都府","総本山　\n仁和寺","山岳","成就山","じょうじゅさん","Mt. Joju","四国八十八ヶ所巡礼を小さくした御室巡礼が造られる以前は、現在はまとめて成就山と呼ばれている丘々が、それぞれに名前を持っていたことがわかります。","It reveals how the hills, now collectively referred to as Mt. Joju, each had its own name before the Omuro Pilgrimage was built as a miniature version of the Shikoku 88-Temple Pilgrimage."]
[4679,"京都府","総本山　\n仁和寺","書物","御室八十八ヶ所四国栗毛","おむろはちじゅうはちかししこくくりげ","Omuro 88-kasho Shikoku Kurige (Travels Along the Omuro 88-Temple Pilgrimage)","「御室八十八ヶ所四国栗毛」（御室八十八ヶ所巡礼旅行記の意）は、仁和寺の御室八十八ヶ所巡礼を舞台にしたユーモラスな旅行記です。","The Omuro 88-kasho Shikoku Kurige (Travels Along the Omuro 88-Temple Pilgrimage) is a humorous adventure book set along Ninnaji’s Omuro 88-Temple Pilgrimage."]
[4680,"京都府","総本山　\n仁和寺","書物","東海道中膝栗毛","とうかいどうちゅうひざくりげ","Tokaidochu Hizakurige (Travels on the Eastern Seaboard, published in translation as Shank’s Mare)","作者の山東京鶴は、京都と江戸（現在の東京）を結ぶ交通路・東海道の旅の案内書として書かれた絵入り小説「東海道中膝栗毛」（東海岸旅行記の意；「Shank’s Mare」の題で翻訳書も出版されている）を手本にして、この話を作りました。","The author, Santo Kyokaku, modeled his tale on the Tokaidochu Hizakurige (Travels on the Eastern Seaboard, published in translation as Shank’s Mare), an illustrated comic novel written as a traveler’s guide to the Tokaido, the highway between Kyoto and Edo (present-day Tokyo)."]
[4681,"京都府","総本山　\n仁和寺","書物","都名所図会","みやこめいしょずえ","Miyako meisho zue (Illustrations of Famous Places in the Capital)","「都名所図会」（都の名所図の意）は、京都とその周辺の旅行案内書として1780年に出版されたシリーズです。","The Miyako meisho zue (Illustrations of Famous Places in the Capital) is a series of books published in 1780 as a travel guide to Kyoto and its surroundings."]
[4682,"京都府","総本山　\n仁和寺","人物・人名・役職名","孔雀明王","くじゃくみょうおう","Kujaku Myo-o","これらの中でも、9世紀の開山時の阿弥陀三尊像や、11世紀の孔雀明王の仏画などが見どころです。","Highlights among these are statues of an Amida Triad that date back to the temple’s founding in the ninth century, and an eleventh-century painting of Kujaku Myo-o, the Peacock Wisdom King."]
[4683,"京都府","総本山　\n仁和寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","水掛","みずかけ","mizukake","水掛とは「水をかける」の意味で、水盤の脇に置かれた長い柄杓は、祈りを捧げる前に像に水をかけるために使われます。","Mizukake means “to pour water” and the long ladles placed by the basin are used to pour water over the statue before saying prayers."]
[4684,"京都府","総本山　\n仁和寺","城跡・城郭・宮殿","御殿","ごてん","Goten Palace","1600年代後半の庭園と考えられていますが、御殿が焼失した1887年の火災で、ほぼ全てが失われてしまいました。","The garden is thought to date to the late 1600s, but it was almost completely lost in a fire in 1887 that destroyed the Goten Palace."]
[4685,"京都府","総本山　\n仁和寺","城跡・城郭・宮殿","宸殿","しんでん","Shinden Hall","宸殿の南側の庭園は、荘厳な雰囲気を醸し出すとの意図により、故意に質素に造られています。","The garden on the south side of the Shinden Hall is deliberately simple and is intended to evoke a sense of solemnity."]
[4686,"京都府","総本山　\n仁和寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","二王門","におうもん","Gate of the Guardian Kings","1937年にその家の子孫が仁和寺に寄進したもので、何度か移築された後、二王門の東側にある境内の静かな一角に置かれました。","It was donated to the temple in 1937 by descendants of the family and was moved around several times before being placed in a tranquil corner of the temple grounds, east of the Gate of the Guardian Kings."]
[4687,"京都府","総本山　\n仁和寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","門跡","もんぜき","monzeki","仁和寺は、宇多天皇（867–931年）が退位後に初代住職となり創建した寺で、1867年までは、住職が皇族の皇子であることを示す門跡寺院という特別な地位を有していました。","Ninnaji was founded by Emperor Uda (867–931), who became the temple’s first abbot after he abdicated the throne, and held the special status of monzeki temple, a term indicating that its abbots were princes of royal blood, until 1867."]
[4688,"京都府","総本山　\n仁和寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","中門","ちゅうもん","Central Gate","仁和寺の参拝客が、二王門をくぐり中門に向かって歩いていくと、右手に松に覆われた古墳があるのに気づくでしょう。","Visitors to Ninnaji who step through the Gate of the Guardian Kings and walk toward the Central Gate are likely to notice a pine-covered mound on their right."]
[4689,"京都府","総本山　\n仁和寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","観音堂","かんのんどう","Kannondo Hall","観音堂には、仏教の包括的な世界観へと導いてくれる素晴らしい仏像が数多く収蔵されています。","The Kannondo Hall features a remarkable collection of Buddhist statues that provide a comprehensive introduction to Buddhist cosmology."]
[4690,"兵庫県","姫路市","植物","栂","つが","hemlock (tsuga) ","柱は２本の巨木-上部は栂、下部は樅から作られ、城大工の素晴らしい技術によって帯鉄巻きと鋲釘止めで二本継ぎされている。","The pillar is made from the trunks of two large trees—the top from hemlock (tsuga) and the bottom from fir (momi)—which the castle’s builders expertly joined together with steel bands and rivets."]
[4691,"兵庫県","姫路市","動物","鯱","しゃち","shachi\n","日本の城の屋根を見てみると、２匹の鯱、虎の頭に魚の胴体を持つ想像上の生き物を大抵見つけることができる。","Look at the rooftop of most any Japanese castle and you will spot a pair of shachi—mythical creatures with the heads of tigers and the bodies of fish. "]
[4692,"兵庫県","姫路市","建造物等","野面積","のずらずみ","nozura-zumi","この時代のほとんどの石垣はデコボコで、加工されていない石が使われている（野面積-下記参照）。","The walls they built were mostly of rough, unfinished stones (nozura-zumi—see below). "]
[4693,"兵庫県","姫路市","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","仏石","ほとけいし","Buddhist stupas","このあたりの仏石と墓標は、昭和の大修理（1956-1964）の際に石垣から発掘されて、ここに設置された。","The Buddhist stupas and grave markers standing here were assembled from stones found in the walls during the Showa-era restoration (1956–1964) to Himeji Castle. "]
[4694,"兵庫県","姫路市","史跡","兵舎","へいしゃ","soldiers’ barracks","明治時代（1868-1912）日本政府は姫路城を陸軍基地に変え、全ての御殿を撤去し、兵舎を整備した。","During the Meiji era (1868–1912), the Japanese government turned the castle into an army base and cleared all the buildings from this area to build soldiers’ barracks. "]
[4695,"兵庫県","姫路市","建造物等","高麗門様式","こうらいもんようしき","koraimon style","「高麗門様式」の構造で、対になった補助する屋根が門の内側に開けられた城門を保護するような形で直角に伸びている。","It was built in the koraimon style, with a pair of auxiliary roofs extending at right angles from the gate’s inner side to cover the open doors. "]
[4696,"兵庫県","姫路市","建造物等","石垣","いしがき","stone ramparts","中堀の南側の部分は埋められたが、他の所では堀や石垣がかつての城下町の配置を反映している。","The southern section of the middle moat was filled in, but elsewhere the moat and stone ramparts still reflect the former layout of the castle town."]
[4697,"兵庫県","姫路市","建造物等","算木積","さんぎずみ","sangi-zumi","石の形や配置はやや粗いままであるが、石垣の隅には、より正確に削られた石が交互に積み重なったレンガ状の「算木積」と呼ばれる形で補強されている。","The shaping and placement of the stones remains somewhat rough, but the walls are reinforced at the corners by more precisely cut stones stacked in an alternating, brick-like formation known as sangi-zumi. "]
[4698,"兵庫県","姫路市","建造物等","裏込め","うらごめ","uragome","この石は「裏込め」と呼ばれ、雨水が外石の裏に溜まらずに排水され、壁の崩壊を防ぐ役割を果たしている。","Called uragome, these rocks allow rainwater to drain away rather than collect behind the outer stones, protecting the wall from collapse."]
[4699,"兵庫県","姫路市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","狭間","はざま","arrow slits","長く平和が続いた約250年の徳川幕府の統治にもかかわらず、櫓には1,000丁近い銃のための狭間が作られている。","Although the roughly 250 years of Tokugawa rule was characterized by peace, most of the fortress’s buildings were designed for warfare—nearly 1,000 gun and arrow slits dot the castle walls. "]
[4700,"兵庫県","姫路市","建造物等","蔵","くら","warehouses","近くには、藩の年貢と家臣の禄を納めるための米を保管する二つの蔵があった。","Nearby were two warehouses that stored rice: the domain’s annual tax collection and the rice used to pay vassals’ stipends. "]
[4701,"兵庫県","姫路市","建造物等","水門","すいもん","sluice gates","貯水池は堀と水門でつながっており、堀の水量を調整するために利用された。","The reservoir is connected to the moat by sluice gates that could be used to adjust the moat’s water level."]
[4702,"兵庫県","姫路市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","外堀","そとぼり","outer moat","市ノ橋門はかつて外堀（船場川）にかかっていた橋が城と西の城下町を結んでいたことから名付けられた。","Ichinohashimon Gate was named for the bridge it once guarded, which spanned the outer moat (Senba River) and connected the castle to the unfortified neighborhood to the west. "]
[4703,"兵庫県","姫路市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","櫓","やぐら","watchtower","一番内側の大きな門（南向き）の上には櫓があり、そこから直角に位置する部分に外門が築かれている。","At the far northern side of the courtyard, the tall innermost gate (also south-facing) was topped by a watchtower. "]
[4704,"兵庫県","姫路市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","埋門","うずみもん","uzumimon (“embedded gates”)","埋門は姫路に特有のものではない。一般的に小さく簡素な造りで、土塁などに開けられた門を埋門と呼ぶ。","This style of gate is not unique to Himeji; uzumimon (“embedded gates”) are typically small, simple openings in the earthen or stone walls of Japanese castles. "]
[4705,"兵庫県","姫路市","動物","鵰","くまたか","kumataka, a mountain hawk-eagle","クマタカ（鵰）は日本とアジア原産のクマタカに由来している。","Kumatakamon Gate takes its name from the kumataka, a mountain hawk-eagle native to Japan and other parts of Asia. "]
[4706,"兵庫県","姫路市","その他","高位","こうい","high-ranking","城の外郭の主要な門であり、城の正門である大手門と道でつながっていたため、高位の訪問者が城に向かう際のルートになっていた。","It was the primary gate in the outer fortifications, connected by a thoroughfare to the castle’s main entrance at Otemon Gate; thus it lay on the route high-ranking visitors traveled on their way to the fortress. ","＊形容詞としての利用の場合"]
[4707,"兵庫県","姫路市","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神社","じんじゃ","Shinto shrine","総社門はここから北東に徒歩数分にある神社の名前である。","Soshamon is the name of a Shinto shrine located a few minutes’ walk to the northeast. "]
[4708,"兵庫県","姫路市","その他","西国街道","さいごくかいどう","Saikoku Kaido","江戸時代（1603−1867）、ここを通る街道が西国街道につながっていた。西国街道は、朝廷が存在した京都から本州の西の端までをつなぐ幹線道路である。","During the Edo period (1603–1867), the road that passed through here connected to the Saikoku Kaido, a major route linking the imperial capital of Kyoto to the western end of Honshu."]
[4709,"兵庫県","姫路市","その他","但馬街道","たじまかいどう","Tajima Kaido","但馬街道という北の街道沿いにあった。","It lay along a highway to the north called the Tajima Kaido."]
[4710,"兵庫県","姫路市","工芸・美術品","金工","きんこう","metalworkers","豊臣秀吉(1537–1598)による1581年のお城の増改築の前からある野里町は金工の町であったことから、この名前が付いたと言われている。","It was named for Nozato-machi, a neighborhood of metalworkers whose formation is thought to predate the castle renovations commissioned by Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1537–1598) in 1581. "]
[4711,"兵庫県","姫路市","建造物等","漆喰","しっくい","plaster","姫路城は日本で最も大きく、かつての姿をとどめている城郭の一つであり、空にそびえる天守と素晴らしい漆喰の壁で知られている。","One of Japan’s largest and best-preserved castles, Himeji is known for its soaring keep and white plaster walls. "]
[4712,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","毘盧遮那仏","びるしゃなぶつ","Vairocana","日本で最も古く、最も壮大な仏教寺院の一つである東大寺のご本尊は、慈悲と叡智の光で宇宙全体を包むといわれる「宇宙仏」と呼ばれる高さ18メートルの毘盧遮那仏がある。","One of Japan’s oldest and grandest Buddhist temples, Tōdaiji (Great Eastern Temple) is home to the Great Buddha, an 18-meter-tall statue of Vairocana (Rushana Butsu), the primordial “Cosmic Buddha” whose wisdom and compassion is said to shine throughout the universe."]
[4713,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","聖武天皇","しょうむてんのう","Emperor Shōmu","聖武天皇の時代の日本は、困難の多い国だった。","Emperor Shōmu’s reign was troubled. "]
[4714,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","源氏","げんじ","Minamoto clan","源平合戦(1180-1185)は、平氏の敗北で幕を閉じた。","The Genpei war (1180–1185) ended with the defeat of the Taira clan at the hands of the Minamoto clan. "]
[4715,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大仏様","だいぶつさま"," Great Buddha","東大寺の修復は、一世紀以上も遅れ、大仏様は風雨にさらされたままとなっていた。","The restoration of Tōdaiji was delayed for more than a century, leaving the badly damaged Great Buddha exposed to the elements."]
[4716,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","その他","中国唐","ちゅうごくから"," Tang China","東大寺が建てられた8世紀の日本において、中国唐（618～907年）の思想や職人の技巧は新鮮で活力に満ちたものであった。","Ideas and craftsmanship from Tang China (618–907) were fresh, vital forces in eighth-century Japan, when Tōdaiji was built. "]
[4717,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","仏陀","ブッダ","historical Buddha","旧暦の4月8日に伝統的に祝われる由緒ある仏陀、ガウタマ・シッダールタの誕生日を祝う儀式に用いられた。","They were used in the consecration ceremony of the Great Buddha and in the annual ceremony that marks the birthday of the historical Buddha, Siddhārtha Gautama (c. 5th–4th century BCE). "]
[4718,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","工芸・美術品","壺","つぼ","jar","この銀製の小さな壺は、大仏のすぐ前の場所から出土した。","This silver jar was discovered in excavations directly in front of the Great Buddha. "]
[4719,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","観音","かんのん","Kannon (Sahasrabhuja Avalokiteśvara)","この像は、慈悲の菩薩と呼ばれる観音を表している。","This statue depicts the bodhisattva Kannon (Sahasrabhuja Avalokiteśvara), who is often referred to as the Bodhisattva of Compassion. "]
[4720,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","宝珠","ほうじゅ","divine jewel","本来は左手に剣、右手に宝珠を持っていたが、現在は失われている。","The figure originally held a sword in its left hand and a divine jewel in its right, but these items have been lost."]
[4721,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","植物","檜","ヒノキ","cypress wood","檜を彫った筋肉質な胴体に、頭部などは別個に制作されている。","The muscular body is carved from a single piece of cypress wood; the head and other elements were produced separately. "]
[4722,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","仏開眼供養会","ふつかいがんくようかい"," consecration ceremony","7世紀から8世紀にかけて流行の頂点に達し、752年の大仏開眼供養会では伎楽の上演がとりあげられた。","Its popularity reached its peak in the seventh and eighth centuries, and it was performed at the consecration ceremony for the Great Buddha in 752. "]
[4723,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","その他","銅板","どうばん","bronze panel ","この銅板は、大仏殿前にある八角燈籠のものである。","This bronze panel was originally part of the octagonal lantern that stands in front of the Great Buddha Hall. "]
[4724,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","その他","錠","じょう","decorative keyhole","その中には、琥珀とガラスのビーズ、ナイフ、人間の歯、六花鏡、蝉の形をした錠などが含まれていた。","The cache included amber and glass beads, knives, human teeth, a six-sided mirror, and a decorative keyhole shaped like a cicada. "]
[4725,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","その他","粘土","ねんど","clay","この四体は、焼かずに乾燥させた粘土で造形し、明るい色の漆で覆ったものである。","These four figures were sculpted from clay, which was dried but not fired, then covered with brightly colored lacquer. "]
[4726,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","日光と月光","にっこうとがっこう","Nikkō (Sūryaprabhasana) and Gakkō (Candraprabhasana)","日光と月光は、太陽と月の光を表す天上の存在である。","Nikkō (Sūryaprabhasana) and Gakkō (Candraprabhasana) represent sunlight and moonlight, respectively. "]
[4727,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大仏様","だいぶつさま","Great Buddha style","この門の建築様式は「大仏様」と呼ばれるようになり、何世紀にもわたって日本の大工たちに影響を与えてきた。 ","The gate’s architectural style, which came to be known as Daibutsuyō, or “Great Buddha style,” was copied for centuries by carpenters throughout Japan."]
[4728,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","工芸・美術品","金剛力士像","こんごうりきしぞう","Kongō Rikishi statues","金剛力士像の高さは8.4メートルを超え、日本最大級の大きさを誇る。","The Kongō Rikishi statues at Tōdaiji are among the largest of their kind in Japan. Over "]
[4729,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","平家","へいけ"," the Taira","このお堂は、源氏と平家という二つの武家が日本の支配権を争った内乱によって破壊されるまで、4世紀以上の間建っていた。","The hall stood for more than four centuries before being destroyed in a war between two samurai clans, the Minamoto and the Taira, who were competing for control of the imperial court."]
[4730,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","盧舎那仏","るしゃなぶつ","Rushana Butsu","奈良の大仏として親しまれているこの巨大な像は、慈悲と叡智の光で宇宙全体を包むと言われる仏、盧舎那仏を表している。","This enormous statue, popularly known as the Great Buddha of Nara (Nara no Daibutsu), is Vairocana (Rushana Butsu), the “cosmic Buddha” whose wisdom and compassion shine throughout the universe. "]
[4731,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","その他","方角","ほうがく","cardinal direction","各神はそれぞれの方角を見守り、特定の色や道具を持っている。","Each fearsome deity watches over a cardinal direction and is often associated with particular tools. "]
[4732,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","宝塔","ほうとう"," pagoda","片手に宝塔を持ち、繁栄を象徴している。","He carries a pagoda in one hand, symbolizing knowledge and prosperity. "]
[4733,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","燈籠","とうろう"," bronze lantern","国宝に指定されているこの燈籠は、金銅製としては日本で最も大きく、最も古いものである。","The bronze lantern is the largest and oldest of its kind in Japan and is a National Treasure."]
[4734,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","鐘楼","しょうろう"," bell tower","東大寺の特徴的な鐘楼は、1206年から1210年にかけて、30年前の火災後の寺の再建の一環として建てられた。","Tōdaiji’s distinctive bell tower was built between 1206 and 1210 as part of the rebuilding of the temple after the fire of 1180. "]
[4735,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","念仏","ねんぶつ","nembutsu ","修行者は、念仏を唱えることで悟りを開くことができると信じている。","Practitioners believe that by chanting the nembutsu they can attain enlightenment through Amida’s grace. "]
[4736,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","勧進","かんじん","kanjin","治承の乱で東大寺が被災した翌年の1181年には、東大寺の勧進鑑真に任命された。","He was appointed kanjin, or chief fundraiser, for Tōdaiji in 1181, a year after much of Tōdaiji was destroyed by fire during the Genpei civil war (1180–1185). "]
[4737,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","開山","かいさん","Kaisan","開山とは、「山を開く」という意味で、仏教寺院の創立を意味する。","Kaisan—literally, “opening the mountain”—refers to the founding of a Buddhist temple. "]
[4738,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","秘仏","ひぶつ","hibutsu, or hidden Buddha","本堂の奥には秘仏が安置されており、金剛杵を持つ執金剛神が安置されている。","At the rear of the hall is a hibutsu, or hidden Buddha: the wrathful, vajra-wielding Shukongōjin (Vajrapāni). "]
[4739,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","その他","松明","たいまつ","torches","現在では3月に行われ、バルコニーから巨大な松明を振るなど、いくつもの儀式が行われる。","The Shuni-e is now held in March and involves several rituals, including the shaking of huge torches from the balcony of the Nigatsudō."]
[4740,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","お水取り","おみずとり","Omizutori","修二会の12日目の夜には、僧侶が井戸から水を汲んで十一面観音に供える「お水取り」と呼ばれる重要な儀式が行われる。","On the twelfth night of Shuni-e, the ceremony is accompanied by the Omizutori, or “water-drawing” ceremony, in which the monks draw water from a well and offer it to the Jūichimen Kannon. "]
[4741,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","講堂","こうどう","lecture hall (kōdō)","日本の仏教寺院は、本尊を祀った本堂（本堂・金堂）と、それに隣接して学問を学ぶための講堂（講堂）の二つの建物を中心に建てられるのが一般的である。","Buddhist temples in Japan are typically constructed around two central buildings: a main hall (kondō or hondō) that contains an image of the temple’s principal deity, and a lecture hall (kōdō) for study and teaching."]
[4742,"奈良県","古都奈良の文化財多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","湯屋","ゆや"," baths","かつての湯屋の入浴方法はサウナのようなものであった。","In the past, temple baths were more like saunas. "]
[4743,"和歌山県","那智勝浦町多言語解説整備支援事業地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","飛瀧神社","ひろうじんじゃ","Hiro-jinja Shrine","那智大滝と飛瀧神社","Nachi Waterfall and Hiro-jinja Shrine"]
[4744,"和歌山県","那智勝浦町多言語解説整備支援事業地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","御滝拝所","おたきはいしょ","Otaki Haisho","境内から続く階段をのぼった先には、少し高いところから滝の景色を望める御滝拝所（Place of Prayer at the Waterfall）があります。","A short flight of stairs up from the main shrine grounds is the Otaki Haisho (Place of Prayer at the Waterfall), which offers a slightly elevated view of the falls."]
[4745,"和歌山県","那智勝浦町多言語解説整備支援事業地域協議会","人物・人名・役職名","熊野夫須美大神","くまのふすみのおおかみ","Kumano Fusumi-no-Okami","主祭神は熊野夫須美大神（くまのふすみのおおかみ）です。","The chief enshrined deity is Kumano Fusumi-no-Okami."]
[4746,"和歌山県","那智勝浦町多言語解説整備支援事業地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","八咫烏石","やたがらすいし","Yatagarasu-ishi","また、玉垣内には八咫烏石もあります。","Also in the inner sanctum is the Yatagarasu-ishi (Yatagarasu Stone). "]
[4747,"和歌山県","那智勝浦町多言語解説整備支援事業地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","御縣彦社","みあがたひこしゃ","Miagatahiko-sha Shrine","御縣彦社","Miagatahiko-sha Shrine"]
[4748,"和歌山県","那智勝浦町多言語解説整備支援事業地域協議会","書物","古事記","こじき","Kojiki ","『古事記』と『日本書紀』という古代日本の年代記では、八咫烏は太陽の女神である天照大神の使いとして登場しました。","In the ancient Japanese chronicles Kojiki and Nihon shoki, the Yatagarasu appeared as a servant of Amaterasu-no-Okami, the goddess of the sun.","※「Kojiki」は斜体で表記。"]
[4749,"和歌山県","那智勝浦町多言語解説整備支援事業地域協議会","書物","日本書紀","にほんしょき","Nihon shoki","『古事記』と『日本書紀』という古代日本の年代記では、八咫烏は太陽の女神である天照大神の使いとして登場しました。","In the ancient Japanese chronicles Kojiki and Nihon shoki, the Yatagarasu appeared as a servant of Amaterasu-no-Okami, the goddess of the sun.","※「Nihon shoki」は斜体で表記。"]
[4750,"和歌山県","那智勝浦町多言語解説整備支援事業地域協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","那智の田楽","なちのでんがく","Nachi-no-Dengaku","那智の田楽は、稲作の動作を取り入れた舞で、打楽器と笛の演奏に合わせて踊られます。","Nachi-no-Dengaku is a dance performance involving stylized movements symbolizing rice farming and set to percussion and flute music. "]
[4751,"和歌山県","那智勝浦町多言語解説整備支援事業地域協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","那智の火祭","なちのひまつり","Nachi Fire Festival","那智の火祭は、毎年7月14日に開催されるの例大祭です。","The Nachi Fire Festival is the major annual festival of Kumano Nachi Taisha Grand Shrine, and is held every year on July 14. "]
[4752,"和歌山県","那智勝浦町多言語解説整備支援事業地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","那智参詣曼荼羅","なちさんけいまんだら","Nachisan Shrine Mandala","熊野那智大社の宝物殿に収められている『那智参詣曼荼羅』は、約5世紀前に制作され、当時の熊野那智大社とその周辺を描いたものです。","The Nachisan Shrine Mandala in Kumano Nachi Taisha Grand Shrine’s Treasure Hall  was painted roughly five centuries ago, and depicts the shrine and its surroundings. "]
[4753,"和歌山県","那智勝浦町多言語解説整備支援事業地域協議会","人物・人名・役職名","熊野比丘尼","くまのびくに","Kumano bikuni","熊野比丘尼（尼僧）はこの参詣曼荼羅の写しを日本各地に携行し、熊野信仰を布教する際、視覚的な補助資料として人々の前に広げました。","Kumano bikuni (nuns) carried copies of the Nachisan Shrine Mandala across Japan, unrolling them in public spaces to use as visual aids when preaching the Kumano faith. ","※「bikuni」は斜体で表記。"]
[4754,"和歌山県","那智勝浦町多言語解説整備支援事業地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","宝物殿","ほうもつでん","homotsuden","熊野那智大社の宝物殿は、中庭を挟んで拝殿の向かいにあります。","The Treasure Hall (homotsuden) at Kumano Nachi Taisha Grand Shrine is located in the main courtyard, across from the worship hall. ","※「homotsuden」は斜体で表記。"]
[4755,"和歌山県","那智勝浦町多言語解説整備支援事業地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","鰐口","わにぐち","waniguchi","青岸渡寺には、世界最大の鰐口もあります。","Seiganto-ji also has the world’s largest waniguchi, a kind of slit gong whose name literally means “crocodile mouth.” ","※「waniguchi」は斜体で表記。"]
[4756,"和歌山県","那智勝浦町多言語解説整備支援事業地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","裸形","らぎょう","Ragyo","このお寺は、4世紀に存在したインド出身の行者、裸形の拝所を起源に持ちます。裸形は滝つぼで慈悲の仏である観音菩薩の金色像を発見し、それを祀るための庵を建てました。","The temple traces its origin as a place of worship to Ragyo, a fourth-century ascetic from India who found a golden statue of Kannon, bodhisattva of compassion, in the pool beneath the falls, and built a small hut in which to worship it. "]
[4757,"和歌山県","那智勝浦町多言語解説整備支援事業地域協議会","人物・人名・役職名","阿弥陀如来","あみだにょらい","Amida Buddha","2階には西方の極楽浄土に住まう阿弥陀如来の像があります。","The second floor has a statue of Amida Buddha, who presides over the Pure Land paradise in the west. "]
[4758,"和歌山県","那智勝浦町多言語解説整備支援事業地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","青岸渡寺三重塔","せいがんとうじさんじゅうのとう","Three-Storied Pagoda at Seiganto-ji Temple","青岸渡寺三重塔","Three-Storied Pagoda at Seiganto-ji Temple"]
[4759,"和歌山県","那智勝浦町多言語解説整備支援事業地域協議会","建造物等","大門坂","だいもんざか","Daimon-zaka Slope","大門坂","Daimon-zaka Slope"]
[4760,"和歌山県","那智勝浦町多言語解説整備支援事業地域協議会","建造物等","振ヶ瀬橋","ふりがせばし","Furigasebashi Bridge","鳥居の向こうには鮮やかな朱塗りの振ヶ瀬橋があります。","Beyond the torii is the bright vermillion Furigasebashi Bridge. "]
[4761,"和歌山県","那智勝浦町多言語解説整備支援事業地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","王子","おうじ","Oji","王子：熊野古道沿いの諸神社","Oji: Subsidiary Shrines along the Kumano Pilgrimage Route","※「Oji」は斜体で表記。"]
[4762,"和歌山県","那智勝浦町多言語解説整備支援事業地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","市野々王子","いちののおうじ","Ichinono-oji ","12世紀初期の巡礼記に登場する市野々王子は、おそらく熊野で最も古い王子社（熊野の御子神を祀る神社）のひとつです。","Ichinono-oji was one of the oldest oji (subsidiary shrines) in Kumano, appearing in pilgrimage diaries from the early twelfth century. "]
[4763,"和歌山県","那智勝浦町多言語解説整備支援事業地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","浜の宮王子","はまのみやおうじ","Hamanomiya-oji ","浜の宮王子は海のそばにあった王子社で、もとは隣接する補陀洛山寺の一部でした。","Hamanomiya-oji was a seaside oji that was originally part of neighboring Fudarakusan-ji Temple."]
[4764,"和歌山県","那智勝浦町多言語解説整備支援事業地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","補陀洛山寺","ふだらくさんじ","Fudarakusan-ji","補陀洛山寺は、白砂の浜の向こうに広がる太平洋に面して建てられた天台宗の寺院です。","Fudarakusan-ji is a Tendai Buddhist temple built facing the Pacific Ocean across a white sandy beach. "]
[4765,"和歌山県","那智勝浦町多言語解説整備支援事業地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","補陀落渡海","ふだらくとかい","Fudaraku-tokai ","後に、この寺は補陀落渡海という風習で知られるようになりました。","It later became known for the practice of Fudaraku-tokai (Crossing the Sea to Fudaraku). "]
[4766,"和歌山県","那智勝浦町多言語解説整備支援事業地域協議会","乗物","補陀落渡海船","ふだらくとかいせん","Fudaraku crossing boat","これは補陀落渡海船を復元したものです。","This is a reconstruction of a Fudaraku crossing boat. "]
[4767,"和歌山県","那智勝浦町多言語解説整備支援事業地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","修験道","しゅげんどう","Shugendo","また、この船のつくりは修験道の葬送儀礼とも通じる部分があります。行者自身と世の中の両方に大きな功徳をもたらそうとしたことにおいて、補陀落渡海は修験道の苦行と近いものと見なされていたのかもしれません。","The boat’s design also evokes the funerary practices of Shugendo mountain asceticism, and Fudaraku-tokai may have been seen as similar to Shugendo austerities in its potential to bring great spiritual benefit both to the practitioner and the world at large."]
[4768,"和歌山県","那智勝浦町多言語解説整備支援事業地域協議会","集落・街","茶屋","ちゃや","chaya","熊野古道を通る参詣者は、道中「茶屋」と呼ばれる店で休憩と軽食をとりました。","Pilgrims stopped for rest and refreshments along the Kumano Kodo route at teahouses called chaya (sometimes jaya).","※「chaya」は斜体で表記。"]
[4769,"和歌山県","那智勝浦町多言語解説整備支援事業地域協議会","史跡","登立茶屋跡","のぼりたてじゃやあと","Noboritate-jaya Teahouse Remains","登立茶屋跡","Noboritate-jaya Teahouse Remains"]
[4770,"和歌山県","那智勝浦町多言語解説整備支援事業地域協議会","史跡","舟見茶屋跡","ふじみじゃやあと","Funami-jaya Teahouse Remains","舟見茶屋跡","Funami-jaya Teahouse Remains"]
[4771,"和歌山県","那智勝浦町多言語解説整備支援事業地域協議会","その他","亡者の出会い","もうじゃのであい","Moja-no-Deai","亡者の出会い","Moja-no-Deai: The Abode of the Dead"]
[4772,"和歌山県","那智勝浦町多言語解説整備支援事業地域協議会","レジャー・アクティビティ","大雲取越","おおぐもとりごえ","Ogumotori-goe route","大雲取越の舟見峠と色川辻の間には、細い杉の並木に挟まれた石畳の谷道の区間があります。","There is a section of the Ogumotori-goe route, between Funami-toge Pass and Irokawa-tsuji, that forms a valley path paved with stone and lined with thin ranks of Japanese cedars. "]
[4773,"和歌山県","那智勝浦町多言語解説整備支援事業地域協議会","史跡","地蔵茶屋跡","じぞうじゃやあと","Jizo-jaya Teahouse Remains","地蔵茶屋跡","Jizo-jaya Teahouse Remains"]
[4774,"和歌山県","那智勝浦町多言語解説整備支援事業地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大雲取越地蔵堂","おおぐもとりごえ\nじぞうどう","Ogumotori-goe Jizo-do Hall","大雲取越地蔵堂","Ogumotori-goe Jizo-do Hall"]
[4775,"和歌山県","那智勝浦町多言語解説整備支援事業地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","山伏","やまぶし","Yamabushi ","山伏は春と夏に熊野の山に入って修行をし、様々な像や神社を通る際に碑伝と呼ばれる小さな木の札を置いていきます。","Yamabushi enter the mountains to practice austerities in summer and spring, and leave wooden plaques called hide (pronounced “hee-day”) at various statues and shrines as they pass them. ","※「Yamabushi」は斜体で表記。"]
[4776,"和歌山県","那智勝浦町多言語解説整備支援事業地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","振分石","ふりわけいし","Furiwake-ishi","振分石：参詣道の分岐点","Furiwake-ishi: The Parting of the Pilgrimage Routes "]
[4777,"和歌山県","那智勝浦町多言語解説整備支援事業地域協議会","その他","かけぬけ道","かけぬけみち","Kakenuke-michi Route","かけぬけ道","Kakenuke-michi Route"]
[4778,"和歌山県","那智勝浦町多言語解説整備支援事業地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","奥の院","おくのいん","Okuno-in","この舗装道路で那智高原公園へ戻る途中、阿弥陀寺の奥の院や富士見台という展望台も通ります。","This road also passes Okuno-in, another part of the Amida-ji Temple complex, as well as the Fujimi-dai View Point, on the way back to Nachi Kogen Park."]
[4779,"和歌山県","那智勝浦町多言語解説整備支援事業地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","よみがえり","よみがえり","yomigaeri","熊野詣を済ませた参詣者は皆、ある意味で生まれ変わった存在でした。Resurrectionにあたる日本語、「よみがえり」は「黄泉の国から還る」という意味ですが、熊野を参詣した人が体験したのはまさにこれでした。","All of the pilgrims who returned from Kumano were reborn in a sense. One Japanese word for resurrection, yomigaeri, means “returning from the Land of the Dead,” which is exactly what a Kumano pilgrim did. ","※「yomigaeri」は斜体で表記。"]
[4780,"和歌山県","那智勝浦町多言語解説整備支援事業地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","加寿地蔵","かすじぞう","Kasu Jizo ","この伝承では、加寿地蔵という名称は、歌子姫が酒粕を好んだことにちなんだものとされます。","The legend attributes the name Kasu Jizo to Princess Utako’s fondness for sake lees (kasu). "]
[4781,"和歌山県","那智勝浦町多言語解説整備支援事業地域協議会","その他","赤色の浜","あかいろのはま","Akairo-no-Hama","赤色の浜","Akairo-no-Hama: Red Beach"]
[4782,"和歌山県","那智勝浦町多言語解説整備支援事業地域協議会","その他","白菊の浜","しらぎくのはま","Shiragiku-no-Hama","白菊の浜","Shiragiku-no-Hama: White Chrysanthemum Beach"]
[4783,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","社会","明朝","みんちょう","Ming China","銀本位の経済に移行したばかりだった明朝は、北西より侵略してくるモンゴル軍に対する防御資金を賄うため、大量の通貨を必要としていました。","Demand came from Ming China, which had recently moved to a silver-based economy and needed vast quantities of currency to finance the defense of the empire against Mongol forces encroaching from the northwest."]
[4784,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","その他","石見銀","いわみぎん","Iwami silver","この交易パターンは、ポルトガル人に莫大な富をもたらし、ポルトガル人は日本のことを「銀の国」と呼ぶようになり、石見銀はポルトガルの海洋帝国全域で流通するようになります。","This pattern of trade greatly enriched the Portuguese, who came to refer to Japan as “the silver islands” and circulated Iwami silver throughout their maritime empire."]
[4785,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","組織・団体","徳川幕府","とくがわばくふ","Tokugawa government","この交易は、新しくできた徳川幕府が外国との接触を制限し、標準化された銀貨を導入する1600年代初頭まで大いに栄えました。","This exchange flourished until the early 1600s, when the new Tokugawa government restricted foreign contacts and introduced a standardized silver currency."]
[4786,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","山岳","仙ノ山","せんのやま","Mt. Sennoyama","仙ノ山の森に覆われた斜面や近くの谷には、他にも多くの遺跡がほとんど手付かずの状態で残されています。","...many more sites remain all but untouched on the forested slopes of Mt. Sennoyama and in the nearby valleys."]
[4787,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","その他","灰吹法","はいふきほう","haifuki method","これを可能としたのが、国際交易のもう1つの産物である灰吹（はいふき）法でした。これは銀の精錬方法の一種で、1533年に朝鮮半島から伝わり、高純度の銀を大量生産が可能となったのです。","This was made possible by another product of international exchange: the haifuki (cupellation) method of refining silver, which was introduced to Iwami from the Korean Peninsula in 1533 and allowed for the production of high-purity silver in large quantities."]
[4788,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","組織・団体","藤田組","ふじたぐみ","Fujita-gumi","当時、石見銀山は藤田組によって管理されていました。藤田組は1886年に銀山の採掘権を取得し、国内の他の地域でも複数の鉱山を経営していました。","At this time, Iwami Ginzan was controlled by the Fujita-gumi corporation, which had obtained rights to the silver mine in 1886 and also operated several other mines in other parts of the country."]
[4789,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","その他","世界遺産区域","せかいいさんくいき","World Heritage zone","世界遺産区域は広大なエリアに広がっているため、センターで事前にルートを計画することをおすすめします。","The World Heritage zone extends across a vast area, so it is advisable to plan a route at the center beforehand."]
[4790,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","奉行・代官","ぶぎょう・だいかん","magistrate","高い入り口が特徴的なこの坑道は、徳川幕府より石見銀山の監督を任じられた初代奉行・大久保長安（1545～1613）の名を冠しています。","Distinguished by its high entrance, the tunnel bears the name of Okubo Nagayasu (1545–1613), the first magistrate appointed by the Tokugawa government to oversee Iwami Ginzan."]
[4791,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","工芸・美術品","胴服","どうふく","dofuku jacket","この大変な献上品により、安原は将軍・徳川家康（1543～1616）への謁見を許可され、称号を与えられた上に、華麗な胴服と扇子が贈られました。","This contribution was so great that Yasuhara was granted an audience with shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543–1616) and an honorary title, and he was presented with an ornate dofuku jacket and fan."]
[4792,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","岩石・洞窟","釜屋間歩","かまやまぶ","Kamaya (mining) tunnel","釜屋間歩は、石見銀山の歴史上、最高のサクセスストーリーの1つが生まれたところです。","The Kamaya tunnel is the source of one of the greatest success stories in the history of Iwami Ginzan."]
[4793,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","建造物等","代官所","だいかんしょ","magistrate's office","1700年初頭までに地下水の問題は大変深刻となり、江戸（現在の東京）の中央政府の出先機関である現地の代官所は、鉱山経営を維持するために行動を起こす必要に迫られました。","By the early 1700s, the groundwater problem had become so severe that the local magistrate’s office, which represented the central government in Edo (present-day Tokyo), had to take action to maintain the viability of the mine."]
[4794,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","山師","やまし","prospector","この坑道は、独立の山師によって掘られました。山師は場所を決め、鉱山を管理する代官所から採掘の許可を得て、プロジェクトの資金調達は自分で行います。","The tunnel was dug by an independent prospector, who chose the spot, received permission to excavate from the magistrate’s office that administered the mine, and financed the project himself."]
[4795,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","岩石・洞窟","永久坑","えいきゅうこう","Eikyu mining tunnel","この鉱山活動の中心となったのが永久坑です。永久坑は元々、1693年から1787年の間に、さらに標高の高い複数の採掘地からの地下水を谷底の柑子谷川へと導く排水坑の一部として掘られたものです。","This activity centered on the Eikyu mining tunnel, which was originally dug between 1693 and 1787 as part of a system of tunnels and shafts that routed groundwater from several mining sites further uphill into the Kojidani River at the bottom of the valley."]
[4796,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","岩石・洞窟","内中瀬鉉","うちなかせつる","Uchinakase copper vein","永久坑もその対象となり、1899年には、豊かな銅鉱脈である内中瀬鉉の発見という形で、重要な発見をもたらします。","The Eikyu tunnel was among those targeted, and in 1899 it yielded a significant discovery in the form of the abundant Uchinakase copper vein."]
[4797,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","建造物等","永久精錬所","えいきゅうせいれんじょ","Eikyu Refinery","森林に覆われた谷地にある永久精錬所の遺構は、ほんのわずかしか残されていません。","Very little remains of the Eikyu Refinery in the forested valley."]
[4798,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","岩石・洞窟","本間歩","ほんまぶ","Honmabu","さらに上の方へ進んでいくと、地域で最も豊富な銀の鉱脈の1つの上に掘られた本間歩（「主要な坑道」の意）への入口があります。","Even further up is the entrance to the Honmabu (“main tunnel”), dug above one of the most abundant silver veins in the area."]
[4799,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","史跡","番所","ばんしょ","checkpoint","江戸（現在の東京）幕府が石見銀山を17世紀初期に直接管理するようになると、銀鉱山の周りには柵が造られ、すべての出口には番所が建てられました。これは石見銀山を出入りする人や物の流れを管理するためでした。","When the central government in Edo (present-day Tokyo) assumed direct control of Iwami Ginzan in the early 1600s, a fence was built around the silver mine and checkpoints established at all exits to regulate the flow of people and goods into and out of the mining area."]
[4800,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","集落・街","銀山御料","ぎんざんごりょう","Ginzan Goryo","中心の採掘地域の周りには10軒の番所がありました。また、政府が直接管理し、150ほどの近隣の村を抱えていた銀山御料という地域一帯にはさらに多くの番所がありました。","There were 10 checkpoints around the central mining area and many more throughout the Ginzan Goryo, the area under direct government control, which encompassed some 150 nearby villages."]
[4801,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","その他","本谷","ほんだに","Hondani","本谷口では18世紀後期まで石見銀山における主要な採掘場の1つであった本谷（「主要な谷」の意）への入り口を監視していました。","Hondaniguchi oversaw the entrance to Hondani (“main valley”), one of the key mining centers at Iwami Ginzan until the late 1700s."]
[4802,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","その他","千畳敷","せんじょうじき","Senjojiki","かつて大きな共同体があった場所には（「千枚の畳」を意味する千畳敷の名前もそのことを示唆しています）建物も一切残っていませんが、丘の斜面沿いにはいくつかの坑道の穴が見られます。","None of the structures remain of what was once a large community (as suggested by the name Senjojiki, or “a thousand tatami mats”), but the openings of several mining tunnels can be seen along the hillside."]
[4803,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","岩石・洞窟","新横相間歩","しんよこあいまぶ","Shinyokoai mining tunnel","谷の上側には新横相間歩があります。新横相間歩は江戸時代（1603–1867）中頃に開発されたもので、昆布山谷の鉱山労働者たちの創意工夫の証となっています。","In the upper part of the valley is the Shinyokoai mining tunnel, which was developed in the middle of the Edo period (1603–1867) and is a testament to the ingenuity of Kobuyamadani’s miners."]
[4804,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","毛利家","もうりけ","Mohri family","和泉国（現在の大阪の近く）に生まれた吉岡隼人は、毛利家が1562年から管理していた石見銀山で採掘に携わる毛利家の役人としてそもそもは働いていました。","Born in the province of Izumi (near present-day Osaka), Yoshioka Hayato initially worked as a mine official at Iwami Ginzan under the Mohri family, which controlled the silver mine from 1562."]
[4805,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","銀山大盛祈願","ぎんざんだいせいきがん","prayers for the prosperity of Iwami Ginzan","石碑には「銀山大盛祈願道場碑」と刻まれています。これは、龍昌寺が採掘において実りある1年になるようお祈りを捧げる毎年恒例の儀式のために選ばれた3つの寺社の1つであったことを示しています。","The inscription on the monument reads “place of prayers for the prosperity of Iwami Ginzan”—an indication that Ryushoji was one of three religious sites chosen for an annual ritual to pray for a prosperous year of mining."]
[4806,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","十一面観音","じゅういちめんかんおん","Juichimen Kannon","本堂では11の頭を持つ慈悲深い菩薩である十一面観音の金箔像を保存しており、格子状の天井は清水寺へと寄付をした武士や商人たちの家紋で飾られています。","The hall houses a gilded statue of Juichimen Kannon, the eleven-headed bodhisattva of compassion, and its lattice ceiling is decorated with the family emblems of samurai and merchants who made donations to the temple."]
[4807,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","毘沙門天","びしゃもんてん","Bishamonten","左側には四天王の中でも最高位を占め、強力な守護神である毘沙門天が立っています。","...on the left stands Bishamonten, chief among the Four Guardian Kings and a powerful guardian deity."]
[4808,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","集落・街","銀山町","ぎんざんちょう","Ginzancho settlement","妙正寺は日蓮宗の小さなお寺で、銀山町の地域を見下ろす銀山川沿いの歩道に面して建っています。","Myoshoji is a small Nichiren Buddhist temple that stands along the Ginzan River walking path overlooking the Ginzancho settlement."]
[4809,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","熊谷家","くまがいけ","Kumagai family","西本寺は、何世紀も大森町で最も財産があり、影響力をもっていた熊谷家と関係の深いお寺です。","Saihonji Temple is closely associated with the Kumagai family, which for centuries was the richest and most influential in the town of Omori."]
[4810,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","建造物等","武家屋敷","ぶけやしき","samurai residence","渡辺家住宅は銀山町内で唯一残っている武家屋敷で、江戸時代（1603～1867年）には銀山の塀で中心部とは区切られたエリア内に位置していました。","The Watanabe House is the only remaining samurai residence within the Ginzancho settlement, which during the Edo period (1603–1867) was inside the silver mine’s fenced-off central zone."]
[4811,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","建造物等","蔵","くら","kura","渡辺家住宅は銀山町内で唯一残っている武士の住居で、江戸時代（1603～1867年）には銀山の塀で中心部とは区切られたエリア内に位置していました。","Behind the main house is a two-story kura storehouse and a modern building."]
[4812,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","同心","どうしん","doshin","宗岡家は1823年に石見銀山に戻り、当時の家長が同心―現在の警部くらいに当たる下級役人―として雇われました。","The Muneoka returned to Iwami Ginzan in 1823, when the head of the family was hired as a doshin—a low-ranking official roughly equivalent to a modern-day police inspector."]
[4813,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","紋章等 ","三つ巴","みつどもえ","mitsudomoe","建物は大幅に改装されているものの、家と通りの間にある庭、庭を囲む立派な塀、三つ巴（3つのコンマのような形から成る渦巻模様で、水を表し、火事から守ってくれると信じられていました）が施された桟瓦葺など、1800年代始めの武家屋敷の特徴を多く保っています。","The building has been extensively renovated but retains many characteristics of an early-1800s samurai residence, including a garden between the house and the street, an imposing fence around the garden, and end-cap roof tiles decorated with the mitsudomoe symbol, a swirling pattern made up of three comma-like shapes that signifies water and was believed to offer protection against fires."]
[4814,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","集落・街","郷宿","ごうやど","goyado","６軒の郷宿の一つ、田儀屋は現在の青山家住宅となっている家で担われていました。","Tagiya, one of the six goyado inns, operated in what is now the Aoyama House."]
[4815,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","建造物等","拝借人宿","はいしゃくにんやど","inn for people visiting Omori to borrow money from the magistrate’s office","この家は造り酒屋や、奉行所からお金を借りるために大森へやってくる人々の宿(拝借人宿)としても使われたため、広いスペースが必要とされたのです。","The space was well needed, because the house was also used as an inn for people visiting Omori to borrow money from the magistrate’s office, as well as a sake brewery. "]
[4816,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","工芸・美術品","鏝絵","こてえ","kote-e","この寺の経典を保存しているこの建物は、明治時代（1868–1912）から第二次世界大戦前の1930年代後半にかけて石見地方で盛んになった芸術のひとつ、鏝絵という漆喰のレリーフ画で装飾されています。","Storing the temple’s sacred texts, this structure is decorated with kote-e, or plaster relief pictures, an art form that flourished in the Iwami region from the Meiji era (1868–1912) to the late 1930s, in the years before World War II."]
[4817,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","動物","鳳凰","ほうおう","Chinese phoenix","松浦が1918年に60歳になった後に制作されたもので、鳳凰（ほうおう、中国語ではフォンフアン）と呼ばれる神話上の鳥、中国神話で「花の王」とされる牡丹、皇室の家紋を飾り、また、日本のパスポートから50円玉までのあらゆるものに描かれた日本の国家の象徴となっている菊の花などが含まれています。","Created after the artist turned 60 in 1918, the images include the mythological bird sometimes referred to as the Chinese phoenix (ho-o; Chinese: fenghuang); peonies, considered the “king of flowers” in Chinese mythology; and chrysanthemums, after the flower that adorns the imperial family crest and is a symbol of the state, depicted on everything from the Japanese passport to the 50-yen coin. "]
[4818,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","史跡","大森裁判所","おおもりさいばんしょ","Omori courthouse","19世紀後半に日本に持ち込まれた西洋建築の影響を受けた大森裁判所は、1888年に竣工しました。","Inspired by Western architectural designs introduced to Japan in the late nineteenth century, the Omori courthouse was completed in 1888."]
[4819,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","薬師如来","やくしにょらい","Yakushi","丘の上の門へと続く階段の下には、医学と治癒の仏、薬師如来に奉納された、屋根の付いた石板があります。","At the bottom of the staircase that leads up the hill to the gate is a covered stone slab dedicated to Yakushi, the buddha of medicine and healing."]
[4820,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","動物","獅子","しし","shishi","これらの彫刻の中には、1対の獅子（獅子）、龍、そしてその裏側には双頭の象が含まれています。","These include a pair of guardian lions (shishi), dragons, and on the back the twin heads of elephants. "]
[4821,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","阿弥陀如来","あみだにょらい","Amida Buddha","この寺院の本堂は、1867年に建てられたもので、その中には阿弥陀如来像が色彩豊かに彩られた天井の下に安置されています。","The temple’s main hall dates to 1867 and houses a statue of the Amida Buddha under a colorfully decorated ceiling."]
[4822,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","集落・街","山内集落","さんないしゅうらく","Sannai settlement","山吹城からは、銀山と、元の活動の中心地である山内集落、そして日本海の港、鞆ヶ浦への道を何にも遮られることなく眺めることができました。","Yamabuki Castle commanded unobstructed views over the mine and its original center of activity, the Sannai settlement, as well as over the road to the port of Tomogaura on the Sea of Japan."]
[4823,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","堀切","ほりきり","dry moat","海抜634メートルの細長い山頂の全体を占め、その周囲には石垣や堀切などの要塞が築かれていました。","It occupied the entire elongated summit, 634 meters above sea level, and fortifications such as stone walls and dry moats were constructed around it."]
[4824,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","山城","やまじろ","mountain outpost","矢筈城は、16世紀に石見銀山と物資の主な供給源であった温泉津港を結ぶ道を防御するために築かれた2つの山城のうちのひとつです。","Yahazu Castle was one of the two mountain outposts established in the sixteenth century to guard the road between the Iwami Ginzan silver mine and the port of Yunotsu, the mine’s main source of supplies."]
[4825,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","植物","ノウゼンカズラ","のうぜんかずら","Chinese trumpet vine (Campsis grandiflora)","秋には崖に沿って蔦を伸ばすノウゼンカズラ（学名：Campsis grandiflora）が丘の中腹の一部を鮮やかなオレンジ色に染める花を咲かせます。","In autumn, the Chinese trumpet vine (Campsis grandiflora) growing along the cliffs produces flowers that paint part of the hillside bright orange."]
[4826,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","千手観音","せんじゅかんのん","Senju Kannon","寺院の記録によると、千の手を持つ慈悲の菩薩である千手観音菩薩像を安置するための聖域が町のどこかに建てられてた1337年から、温泉津には金剛院があるとされています。","According to the temple records, there has been a Kongoin in Yunotsu since 1337, when a sanctuary was built somewhere in the town to house a statue of Senju Kannon, the thousand-armed bodhisattva of compassion."]
[4827,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","本殿","ほんでん","honden","崇敬の対象である咆哮する龍に模されている巨岩が、小さな本殿のすぐ上の崖から突き出ているのを見ることができます。","The original object of reverence, a rock thought to resemble a roaring dragon, can be seen protruding from the cliffside just above the small main sanctuary (honden)."]
[4828,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","拝殿","はいでん","haiden","崖のふもとにあるのは拝殿で、神道の神々を祀る神楽を舞うために設計されたため、非常に大きくなっています。","The structure at the foot of the cliff is the worship hall (haiden), which is unusually large because it was designed to accommodate performances of kagura dances to honor Shinto deities."]
[4829,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","絵馬","えま","ema","毎週土曜日の夕方には、拝殿で儀式の踊りが行われ、その際には拝殿内に展示されている船などをモチーフにした絵馬の展示を見ることができます。","The ceremonial dances are performed in the worship hall every Saturday evening, when visitors also have the opportunity to view the ema paintings featuring boats and other maritime motifs displayed in the hall."]
[4830,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","乗物","北前船","きたまえぶね","kitamaebune","江戸時代（1603〜 1867年）には、日本海沿岸の北前船航路の結節点となり、北海道と瀬戸内海の商都大阪を結び、さらに繁栄を極めました。","The town enjoyed further prosperity during the Edo period (1603–1867), when it became a node on the kitamaebune shipping route along the Sea of Japan coast, connecting the northern island of Hokkaido with the mercantile city of Osaka on the Inland Sea."]
[4831,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","年中行事","神楽","かぐら","kagura","神楽は、今日まで受け継がれてきた古代の伝統の中で、パフォーマンスと踊りを融合させたものです。","Kagura combines performance and dance in an ancient tradition that is preserved today."]
[4832,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","年中行事","石見神楽","いわみかぐら","Iwami Kagura","石見神楽は、儀式の本質を残しながらも、テンポの速い音楽や踊り、凝った小道具、神や悪魔、そして民話を簡略化した物語が特徴で、エンターテイメントの一形態でもあります。","Although Iwami Kagura retains its ceremonial essence, it is also a form of entertainment, distinguished by fast-paced music and dancing, elaborate stage props, and simplified storylines featuring deities, demons, and country folk."]
[4833,"島根県","石見銀山多言語解説協議会","社会","戦国時代","せんごくじだい","Sengoku period","この戦国時代は、地方の武将たちが同盟や対立を絶え間なく繰り返す動乱の時代でした。","This Sengoku (“warring states”) period was an epoch of constantly shifting alliances and rivalries among local warlord families."]
[4834,"広島県","広島市","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","白神","しらかみ","shirakami","この神社の名前にもその歴史が残っています。白神とは「白い神」という意味ですが、「白紙」という言葉と似たように発音されます。","The shrine's name preserves this history: shirakami means “white god,” but is pronounced similarly to the word for “white paper.”"]
[4835,"広島県","広島市","年中行事","神楽","かぐら","kagura","神社に通じる歩道には食べ物やお祭りゲームの屋台が立ち並び、舞い手が特別な舞台で神楽の神事を奉納します。","The footpaths leading to the shrine are lined with food stalls and carnival games, and dancers perform ritual kagura dancing on a special stage."]
[4836,"広島県","広島市","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","狛犬","こまいぬ","komainu","神社を守る狛犬の石像も当時のものが残っています。部分的に修復されていますが、原爆投下による傷がまだはっきりと見て取れます。","The shrine’s stone komainu guardian statues survived, and although they have been partially repaired, the damage done by the explosion is still clearly visible."]
[4837,"広島県","広島市","その他","火袋","ひぶくろ","hibukuro","しかし、その横の灯篭とは異なり、こちらには当時の火袋（炎を灯す箱）が残っていません。原爆投下で破壊されたからです。","However, unlike the lantern beside it, this one is missing its original hibukuro (the box where a fire would be lit), as it was destroyed in the bombing."]
[4838,"広島県","広島市","工芸・美術品","熊手","くまで","kumade","神社の傍には、戎さんの顔や戎さんが抱える魚、その他縁起の良いシンボルで飾られたカラフルな熊手の形のお守りを売る露店が何列も並びます。","Beside the shrine are rows of stalls selling good-luck charms in the form of colorful rakes (kumade) decorated with Ebisu’s face, the fish he is often depicted holding, and other auspicious symbols. "]
[4839,"広島県","広島市","温泉","浴衣","ゆかた","yukata","夏の到来を市全体で初めて祝うこのお祭りは、伝統的な軽い綿の着物”浴衣”で着飾る機会でもあります。","The festival is the first citywide celebration of the arrival of summer and is an occasion for dressing up in yukata, a traditional lightweight cotton kimono."]
[4840,"広島県","広島市","食","かき氷","かきごおり","kakigori","中央通り沿いに何百もの露店が出て、夏の楽しみであるかき氷（味をつけた氷）や子供のおもちゃ、カラフルなうちわなどを売っています。","Hundreds of street stalls set up along Chuo Dori Avenue sell summer treats like kakigori (flavored shaved ice), toys for kids, and colorful fans"]
[4841,"広島県","広島市","芸能・興行・イベント","盆踊り","ぼんおどり","bon odori","ゲームや太鼓の演奏、そして盆踊りでは見物客も参加するよう誘われて、お祭りの気分を盛り上げます。","Carnival games, taiko drum performances, and bon odori dancing, with onlookers encouraged to participate, add to the festive mood."]
[4842,"広島県","広島市","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","茅の輪","ちのわ","chinowa","まず、神官が3メートル幅の茅の輪（草で編んだ輪）を神社の前に設置します。","First, the priests set up a 3-meter-wide chinowa (ring of woven grass) in front of the shrine."]
[4843,"広島県","広島市","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","人形","ひとがた","hitogata","神社では、小さな人形（ひとがた）も提供していて、この紙の人形は人々の前年からの心配や間違い、悪行を取り去ってくれると信じられています。","The shrine also offers small hitogata, paper dolls meant to take on a person’s worries, mistakes, and misdeeds from the past year."]
[4844,"広島県","広島市","乗物","漕伝馬船","こぎでんません","kogi-denmasen","夜には、人々は水辺に集まって、木製の手漕ぎ船（漕伝馬船）が神社を出発して広島の川を巡るのを見物します。","In the evening, people flock to the water to see wooden row boats (kogi-denmasen) set off from the shrine on a circuit of Hiroshima’s rivers."]
[4845,"広島県","広島市","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神輿","みこし","mikoshi","神官と唄う漕ぎ手、太鼓の叩き手、そして神輿（移動可能な神社）を乗せた船の行列は、日没になって提灯が灯される前でも、とても見応えのあります。","Filled with priests, chanting rowers, taiko drummers, and mikoshi (portable shrines), the procession of boats is quite a spectacle, even before their lanterns are lit at sunset."]
[4846,"広島県","広島市","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","鬼","おに","oni","本堂の建物は完全に再建されましたが、近くにある、”ogre”のような神話的存在である「鬼」を祀った神社には原爆による損傷が今も見て取れます。","The building has since been completely rebuilt, but damage from the bombing is visible at the nearby shrine dedicated to ogre-like divine beings known as oni. "]
[4847,"広島県","広島市","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","多宝塔","たほうとう","tahoto","寺の入り口にある色鮮やかな朱色の多宝塔は、1951年に原爆犠牲者記念式典の一部として和歌山県の神社から移されたものです。","The brilliant vermilion tahoto pagoda at the temple entrance was brought from a shrine in Wakayama Prefecture in 1951 as part of a memorial service for those who died in the bombing. "]
[4848,"広島県","広島市","滝","三滝","みたき","mitaki","三瀧とは”3つの瀧”を意味し、寺は、その敷地内にある3つの心癒される小滝から名付けられています。","Mitaki means “three waterfalls,” and the temple is named for the three soothing cascades on its grounds."]
[4849,"広島県","広島市","動物","鳳凰","ほうおう","ho-o","ひさしのすぐ下の精巧な鳥の彫刻を見つけてみてください。これは東アジアの神秘的な不死鳥である鳳凰を彫ったものです。","Look for the intricate bird carvings just under the eaves—these depict the ho-o, the mythical East Asian phoenix."]
[4850,"広島県","広島市","人物・人名・役職名","浪人","ろうにん","ronin","この寺院には、亡き主君浅野長矩（1667–1701）の仇討ちをした有名な47人の侍ないし浪人のうち2人の墓もあります。","The temple also houses graves belonging to two of the famous 47 ronin, samurai who avenged the death of their master, Asano Naganori (1667–1701)."]
[4851,"広島県","広島市","食","お好み焼き","おこのみやき","okonomiyaki ","広島は鉄板で焼いたものを食べるお好み焼き（塩味のきいたパンケーキ）で有名ですが、さまざまな生鮮食料品が手に入る都市でもあります。","Hiroshima is famous for its okonomiyaki (savory pancakes) made and eaten off the griddle, but a wide variety of fresh food is also available in the city."]
[4852,"広島県","広島市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","山城","やまじろ","yamajiro","木造の塔は、16世紀に広島が誕生した時期によく見られた昔の山城に似せて設計されています。","The wooden tower is designed to resemble the old mountain castles (yamajiro) that were common when Hiroshima was founded in the sixteenth century."]
[4853,"広島県","広島市","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大仏","だいぶつ","daibutsu","高さ約4メートル、重さ6トンの不動明王は、大仏として正式に指定されるのに必要な寸法の条件を満たしています。","The roughly 4-meter-tall, 6-ton Fudo Myo-o fulfills the requisite measurement conditions to be officially designated a daibutsu, or large Buddhist statue."]
[4854,"広島県","広島市","工芸・美術品","けん玉","けんだま","kendama","受け皿に玉を入れて遊ぶ木製玩具の日本版「けん玉」と広島地方の結びつきには長い歴史があります。","Kendama, Japan’s own version of the wooden cup-and-ball toy, has a long association with the Hiroshima area."]
[4855,"広島県","広島市","工芸・美術品","日月ボール","にちげつぼーる","nichigetsu boru","江草氏は、丸い玉が太陽、三日月型に湾曲した皿が月のようだとして、この玩具を「日月ボール（太陽と月のボール）」と名付けました。","Hamaji named his toy “sun-and-moon ball” (nichigetsu boru), with the round ball representing the sun and the curved, crescent-shaped cups representing the moon."]
[4856,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","その他","都市開発","としかいはつ","urban development","自然災害や都市開発によって日本の歴史的遺産が失われることはなく、白壁や狭い通りは、長州藩主・毛利氏に仕えていた時代の面影を色濃く残している。","Undamaged by natural disasters or the urban development that has erased so much of Japan's historical heritage, the white walls and narrow streets of the residential district are vivid reminders of the days when samurai served the Mōri lords of Chōshū domain."]
[4857,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","その他","威信","いしん","prestige","黒瓦と白漆喰の土壁は、威信と富の象徴であった。","The black tile and white plaster of the earthen walls was a symbol of prestige and wealth."]
[4858,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","その他","錬鉄","れんてつ","wrought iron","長州では、錬鉄を作ることができる作業炉の開発が毛利大名にとって重要な課題となっていた。錬鉄は、近代的な大砲や軍艦を建造し、西欧列強の侵略から身を守るためのものであった。","In Chōshū, developing a working furnace capable of creating wrought iron was a major priority for the Mōri daimyo. Wrought iron would allow the Mōri to build modern cannons and warships to defend itself against possible invasion by Western powers."]
[4859,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","その他","試行錯誤","しこうさくご","trial and error","地元で採掘された安山岩を使用し、赤レンガを積み上げて作られた双煙突の遺跡は、萩の原始産業時代の「試行錯誤」の精神を物語っている。","The two ships built at the Ebisugahana shipyard are examples of Chōshū domain’s willingness to modernize, at first through considerable trial and error. "]
[4860,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","その他","製材所","せいざいじょ","sawmill","造船所跡は2009年から考古学的な発掘調査が行われている。発掘調査では、ロープ紡績所、鍛冶屋の鋳造所、製材所、蒸気工場、設計事務所、乾ドックなどの痕跡が確認されている。","The site of the shipyard has been under archaeological excavation since 2009. The dig has revealed traces of a rope-spinning shop, a blacksmith's foundry, a sawmill, a steam works, a design shop, and a drydock."]
[4861,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","その他","高炭素鋼のブルーム","こうたんそこうのブルーム","steel bloom","伝統的に、日本では鉄はたたらと呼ばれる独特のタイプの高炉で生産されていた。たたらは、鉄砂と炭を溶かして高炭素鋼のブルームにするために使われていた。","Traditionally, iron was produced in Japan with a blast furnace called a tatara. This type of furnace was used to smelt iron sand and charcoal into a high-carbon steel bloom. "]
[4862,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","建造物等","平屋","ひらや","townhouse","19世紀の政治家・木戸孝允（桂小五郎としても知られる）が幼少期に住んでいた家は、通りから見ると一般的な平屋の町家に見える。","From the street, the childhood home of nineteenth-century statesman Kido Takayoshi (also known as Katsura Kogorō), appears to be a typical single-floor townhouse. "]
[4863,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","その他","軍事学","ぐんじがく","military science","幼い頃から優れた知性を持っていたことは明らかで、1849年、養父の意向に反して吉田松陰（1830～1859）が軍事学の教鞭をとる藩校「明倫館」に入学した。","Even as a young child, his formidable intellectual talents were clear, and in 1849, Kido enrolled at the Meirinkan, the domain school where Yoshida Shōin (1830–1859) taught military science."]
[4864,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","工芸・美術品","馬印","うまじるし","umajirushi","現在は一般公開されており、内部には江戸時代の武器や武具が展示されている。その中でも注目すべきは、武将が作戦を指示したり、武士を最も効果的な場所に移動させたりするために使用していた馬印である。","Today, the residence is open to the public, and Edo-period weaponry and other samurai accoutrements are displayed inside; one notable example is an umajirushi (literally, “horse insignia”), a battle standard that was used by warrior commanders to direct operations and move samurai to the most effective fighting location. "]
[4865,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","天狗","てんぐ","tengu","社殿の入り口の上にある巨大な天狗の仮面は、1838年に作られたものだ。","The massive tengu mask above the shrine hall entrance was created in 1838. "]
[4866,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","絵馬","えま","ema votive tablets","拝殿の中には絵馬の奉納盤と、特に注目すべき鏡がある。","Inside the shrine hall are ema votive tablets and a particularly notable mirror. "]
[4867,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","墓地","ぼち","mausoleum","天樹院とは、毛利輝元の諡号である。墓地は輝元の旧居の跡地にある。","“Tenjuin” is Mōri Terumoto’s posthumous name, and the mausoleum sits on the site of his former residence. "]
[4868,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","その他","殉死","じゅんし","junshi","「殉死」と呼ばれる儀式的な自害の一種である。","This expression of loyalty through ritualized suicide is known as junshi. "]
[4869,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","藩医長","はんいちょう","domain doctor","萩藩医長のもとで漢方薬を学んだ。 ","Aoki began his studies under the Chōshū domain doctor Nōmi Tōan (1794–1872), who taught him traditional Chinese medicine. "]
[4870,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","その他","蘭学","らんがく","Dutch medicine and language","30歳で江戸に渡り、深川で坪井信道のもと蘭学（オランダ医学とオランダ語）を学んだ。","At the age of thirty, Aoki moved to Edo (now Tokyo) to study Dutch medicine and language in Fukagawa under the physician Tsuboi Shindō (1795–1848). "]
[4871,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","三の丸","さんのまる","sannomaru","三の丸には、毛利家の家臣たちが住んでいた。には、毛利家の家臣たちが住んでいた。","The samurai retainers of the Mōri family lived within the sannomaru. "]
[4872,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","建造物等","鍵曲","かいまがり","Kaimagari ","江戸時代（1603～1867）には、軍事計画者や城郭建築家から、「鍵曲」が出来上がった。","Kaimagari (literally, “key turn”) streets are thought to have developed from castle defenses during the early part of the Edo period (1603–1867). "]
[4873,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","建造物等","虫籠窓","むしかごまど","mushiko mado","これは虫籠窓と呼ばれ、江戸時代（1603～1867）によく見られたものである。","These are called mushiko mado, or “insect-cage windows,” and were common during the Edo period (1603–1867). "]
[4874,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","食","杜氏","とうじ","master sake brewer","屋根裏部屋の一角には、杜氏が寝泊まりする部屋が設けられていた。","One part of the attic was furnished as a room where the master sake brewer slept."]
[4875,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","乗物","北前船","きたまえぶね","kitamaebune trading ships","商業の中心地である大阪から下関海峡を経て、日本海沿岸を北海道まで往復する北前船の重要な寄港地であった。","The town was an important stop for the kitamaebune trading ships that traveled along the coastal route from the commercial hub of Osaka, though the Straits of Shimonoseki, and up the Japan Sea coast to Hokkaido and back. "]
[4876,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","供養","くよう","Buddhist memorial prayers (kuyō)","また、亡くなったペットの供養も行っている。","Sumida also performs Buddhist memorial prayers (kuyō) for deceased pets."]
[4877,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","アマビエ","アマビエ","amabie","2020年に始まったCovid-19のパンデミックの際には、病気を追い払うといわれる神話上の生き物「アマビエ」のネコバージョンの彫刻を林隆雄氏が寄贈している。","During the Covid-19 pandemic that began in 2020, Takao Hayashi donated a sculpture of a feline version of an amabie, a mythical creature that is said to ward off disease."]
[4878,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","建造物等","土塁","どるい","earthen mound","藩は、さらなる紛争に備えて、萩の住民に菊ヶ浜に防御用の土塁を築くよう命じた。","In preparation for additional conflict, the domain ordered the residents of Hagi to build a defensive earthen mound on Kikugahama Beach."]
[4879,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","その他","中国山地","ちゅうごくさんち","Chūgoku Mountain Range","萩は日本海側に位置していたため、長州藩の他の地域、特に中国山地の反対側とは比較的隔絶されていた。","Located on the Japan Sea coast, Hagi was relatively cut off from the rest of the domain, especially the other side of the Chūgoku Mountain Range. "]
[4880,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","植物","椿","つばき","Camellias (tsubaki)","椿は日本の歴史と文化の中で古くから重要な位置を占めてきた。","Camellias (tsubaki) have long held a place in Japan’s history and culture. "]
[4881,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","島弧マグマ","とうこまぐま","island arc magma","200万年前から8800年前までは、萩周辺は島弧マグマによって形成されていた。","From 2 million to 8,800 years ago, the area around Hagi was formed by island arc magma."]
[4882,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","建造物等","母屋梁","おもやはり","purlin, or roof beam","御船倉の全長である母屋梁は26.9m。","The purlin, or roof beam, that runs the length of the boathouse is 26.9 meters long. "]
[4883,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","建造物等","玄関庭","げんかんにわ","genkan-niwa, or “garden courtyard” ","正面の店舗、背面の店舗、居住棟は、「玄関庭」で仕切られている。","The front shop, the rear shop, and the residential buildings are separated with a genkan-niwa, or “garden courtyard.” "]
[4884,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","建造物等","町家","まちや","machiya","典型的な浜崎町家のデザインである。","This is a typical Hamasaki machiya design."]
[4885,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","御用商人","ごようしょうにん","official purveyor (gōyō shōnin)","コレクションを展示するこの建物は、1768年に長州藩の塩商人であり、御用商人でもあった熊谷五右衛門芳充（1719～1791）が建てた熊谷家の住宅であった。","The estate that houses the museum was once the family’s residence and was first built in 1768 by Kumaya Goemon Yoshiatsu (1719–1791), a wealthy merchant and official purveyor (gōyō shōnin) to the Chōshū domain. "]
[4886,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","その他","○△□","○△□","round, triangular, square” (maru sankaku shikaku)","丹念に手入れされた江戸時代の庭園には、ヒイラギや松、モミ、シラカエデの三本の木があり、禅美術で好まれた「○△□」で剪定が施されている。","The meticulously kept Edo-period gardens feature holly trees and a trio of pine, fir, and Elaeocarpus trees, pruned in the “round, triangular, square” (maru sankaku shikaku) format favored in Zen art. "]
[4887,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","社会","参勤交代","さんきんこうたい","sankin kōtai","1600年代の初期に完成した萩往還は、大名の毛利家が参勤交代で江戸に向かうのを容易にするため、長州藩都の萩と藩内のその他の領地を結ぶために建設されたものである。","Completed in the early 1600s, Hagi Ōkan was built to connect Hagi, the capital of Chōshū domain, to the rest of the domain and to facilitate the compulsory journeys to Edo made by the Mōri daimyo as part of the sankin kōtai, or alternate attendance system."]
[4888,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","自然現象","地質活動","ちしつかつどう","geological activity","萩エリアは、3つの特徴的な地質活動期によって形成された。","The area around Hagi was shaped by three distinctive periods of geological activity. "]
[4889,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","工芸・美術品","市女笠","いちめがさ","ichimegasa","笠山という名前は、「市女笠」と呼ばれるつばの広い笠に似ていることに由来している。","Its name, which literally means “sedge hat mountain,” comes from the mountain’s resemblance to a type of wide-brimmed sedge hat called an ichimegasa. "]
[4890,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","動物","ケンサキイカ","ケンサキイカ"," sword-tip squid","特に「男命いか」と呼ばれているケンサキイカは、過去100万年の間にこの地域で発生した多くのマグマによってできたゴツゴツした海底に生息している。","The area is famed for its seafood, particularly sword-tip squid, known locally as mikoto-ika, which thrive in the craggy seabed created by the many lava flows that have occurred in the area over the past million years."]
[4891,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","自然現象","柱状節理","ちゅうじょうせつり","The lava flow created many distinct landscapes including Mt. Irao and the outstanding examples of columnar jointing at Tatamigafuchi and Ryūrinkyō.","この溶岩流が、伊良尾山をはじめ、畳ヶ淵や龍鱗郷などの柱状節理の傑出した例をはじめ、多くの景観を生み出した。","The lava flow created many distinct landscapes including Mt. Irao and the outstanding examples of columnar jointing at Tatamigafuchi and Ryūrinkyō."]
[4892,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","建造物等","なまこ壁","なまこかべ","nameko kabe, or “sea-cucumber wall”","瓦の間の継ぎ目には漆喰を盛り付け、その継ぎ目がなまこの丸みに似ていることから「なまこ壁」と呼ばれる独特の格子状の模様を作り出している。","The plaster in the seams between the tiles is mounded, creating a distinctive grid pattern called nameko kabe, or “sea-cucumber wall” because of the seams’ resemblance to the rounded body of a sea cucumber. "]
[4893,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","建造物等","戦艦","せんかん","battleship","その横には、1912年の戦艦「薩摩」の写真がある。","Beside it, there is a photograph from 1912 of the battleship Satsuma. "]
[4894,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","博物学者","はくぶつがくしゃ","naturalist","1823年8月、ドイツ人の医師で博物学者のフィリップ・フランツ・バルタザール・フォン・シーボルト(1796-1866)が来日した際、このピアノを持参した。","The German physician and naturalist Philipp Franz von Siebold (1796–1866) brought the piano with him when he came to Japan in August 1823. "]
[4895,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","住職","じゅうしょく","head monk","雲林寺の住職・住田慈成の仏法を伝える姿勢を体現した木製の猫頭面（きぼりかぶりもの）である。","These wooden cat-head masks (kibori kaburimono) embody the approach that head monk Sumida Jisei has taken to sharing Buddhism at Unrinji. "]
[4896,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","千体地蔵","せんたいじぞう","Sentai Jizō","このような像は「千体地蔵」と呼ばれ、全国の寺院でも数百体単位で発見されている。","Such collections of statues are known as Sentai Jizō, meaning “a thousand statues of Jizō,” and are venerated at many temples across Japan. "]
[4897,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","自然現象","地形","ちけい","topography","人間は自然の営みの一部に過ぎず、地球の地形は私たちの住む場所、食べるもの、過ごす時間を形作ってきました。","Human beings are part of the natural world, and the Earth’s topography has shaped where we live, what we eat, and how we spend our time. "]
[4898,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","火山性粘土","かざんせいねんど","volcanic clay","萩周辺で見られる火山性粘土の特異な性質が、萩焼と呼ばれる独特の陶磁器の生産を可能にした。","The specific qualities of the volcanic clay found around Hagi made possible the production of distinctive ceramics called Hagi ware. "]
[4899,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","山岳","海底火山","かいていかざん","sub-oceanic volcanoes","海底火山が発生しました。陸地の下のプレートが移動し続けると、海底火山が噴火して海の上に昇ってきた。","As the plates beneath the landmass continued to shift, sub-oceanic volcanoes erupted and rose above the sea. "]
[4900,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","チャート岩","ちゃーといわ","chert","このプレートの動きによって、川上、福栄、阿東地域に石灰岩、チャート岩、その他の岩が分布した。","The movement of the plates distributed limestone, chert, and other types of stone across the Kawakami, Fukue, and Atō areas. "]
[4901,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","海岸・岬","砂州","さす","sandbar","阿武川と休火山である指月山が作った砂州の上に町が作られた。","The town was built on the sandbar created by the Abu River and Mt. Shizuki, an dormant volcano. "]
[4902,"山口県","萩・外国の方に分かりやすい解説文整備推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","砂岩","さがん","sandstone ","また、須佐は砂岩と泥岩の層状断崖「須佐ホルンフェルス」がある場所でもある。","Susa is also the location of the Susa Hornfels, a cliff of stratified sandstone and mudstone."]
[4903,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","その他","姿","すがた","portrayed as","宗像三女神は、大日如来、釈迦如来、薬師如来の姿で祀られています。","The female deities are portrayed as Dainichi Nyorai, a Buddha of wisdom, Shaka Nyorai, the historical Buddha, and Yakushi Nyorai the healing Buddha. "]
[4904,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","しめ縄","しめなわ","shimenawa","織幡神社に至る階段のふもとには大きな岩があり、神聖なものであることを示す「しめ縄」がかかっています。","At the base of the steps leading up to the shrine is a massive rock, bound with ropes called shimenawa, indicating its sacred status. "]
[4905,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","その他","保存","ほぞん","conservation","地域における保存の努力により、古い建物の多くが、この地域の伝統的な性格を保つために維持・修復されてきました。","Through local conservation efforts, many of the older buildings have been preserved or renovated to retain the traditional character of the area. "]
[4906,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","建造物等","インフラ","いんふら","infrastructure","明治時代 (1868～1912年) に福岡で鉄道が発達するまで、唐津街道は、佐賀県の唐津市と福岡県の北九州市を結ぶ主要路でした。","Before railway infrastructure developed in Fukuoka in the Meiji era (1868–1912), the Karatsu Kaido was the main route between Karatsu in Saga Prefecture and Kitakyushu in Fukuoka Prefecture. "]
[4907,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","その他","光害","こうがい","light pollution","この公園は、九州の西にある玄界灘に面しており、ほとんど光害がありません。","The park, which faces the Genkai Sea on the western coast of Kyushu, has very little light pollution."]
[4908,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","自然現象","浸食","しんしょく","erosion","この松原は、彼が海岸線を浸食から守るためにこの地域に植えた8つの松原のうち最初のものでした。","It was the first of eight pine groves he planted in the area to protect the shoreline from erosion. "]
[4909,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","史跡","発掘","はっくつ","excavated","さつき松原近くの地域からは、古代の土器やその破片が発掘されており、中には約5,000年前に遡るものもあります。","Ancient earthenware and pottery fragments have been excavated from the area near the pine grove, some dating to around 5,000 years ago. "]
[4910,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","その他","見渡せる","みわたせる","panoramic views","この展望台からは,玄界灘を越えてが見渡せます。","This observatory has panoramic views over the Genkai Sea."]
[4911,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","祀られる","まつられる","venerated","この神社には、4組の神々が祀られています。","Four pairs of deities are venerated at the shrine."]
[4912,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","建造物等","屋根付き","やねつき","sheltered","大島の北側には屋根付きの展望所のある風車があります。","On the north side of Oshima Island stands a windmill with a sheltered observation area. "]
[4913,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","建造物等","壕","ごう","bunker","観測所はコンクリート製のシンプルな壕で、人工の丘に隠されており、海が見えるようになっています。","The observation station is a simple concrete bunker concealed in an artificial hill, with views of the sea."]
[4914,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","その他","再利用","さいりよう","salvaged","その建材は、伝統的な様式の建物から再利用したものです。","The modern tourist center was constructed to resemble an Edo-period merchant house, using materials salvaged from traditional-style buildings."]
[4915,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","食","めかぶ","めかぶ","mekabu","地島で暮らす人々は、ワカメの根元の部分 (めかぶ) も食べます。通常、めかぶはゆでて刻み、ごはんに乗せて食べます。 ","Jinoshima residents also eat the root (mekabu), which is usually boiled, chopped, and served on rice."]
[4916,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","その他","見つける","みつける","locate","沖ノ島展望台には英語の表示もあり、水平線上で沖ノ島を見つける助けになります。","There are English signs at Okinoshima Observatory to help visitors locate the island on the horizon."]
[4917,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","ほこら","ほこら","hokora","頂上近くには、石でできた小さなほこらがあり、祇園天神が祀られています。","Near the top, a small stone shelter (hokora) enshrines the deity Gion Tenjin."]
[4918,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","その他","先着順","せんちゃくじゅん","first come, first served","自転車を借りられる場所では、電動自転車も先着順で借りられます。","Electric bicycles are available on a first come, first served basis at bicycle rental spots. "]
[4919,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","その他","言い伝え","いいつたえ","lore","地域の言い伝えによると、この伝統が始まったのは、1890年に赤痢が流行した後のことです。","According to local lore, the tradition began after an outbreak of dysentery in 1890."]
[4920,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","植物","ツチアケビ","つちあけび","tsuchiakebi","ツチアケビ (学名:Cyrtosia septentrionalis )は、この森で育つ珍しい種類の蘭です。","Tsuchiakebi (Cyrtosia septentrionalis), an unusual type of orchid, grows in the forest. "]
[4921,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","その他","土木工事","どぼくこうじ","earthworks","この城は、1560年頃、土塁や堀などの大規模な土木工事により拡張して防御を固め、包囲に耐えられる城砦となりました。","Around 1560, the castle was expanded and fortified to serve as a siege fort, with extensive earthworks such as ridges and moats. "]
[4922,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","動物","巣箱","すばこ","nesting boxes","この公園の森にある巣箱には、様々な鳥類が集まります。","Nesting boxes placed in the park’s forest attract a variety of bird life."]
[4923,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","食","赤飯","せきはん","sekihan","砂地に畳を敷き、沖ノ島の方角にお酒と赤飯を供えて、簡素な儀式を行いました。儀式の後には、参加者たちで食事を共にしたことでしょう。","They spread tatami mats on the sand and performed a simple ceremony, making offerings of sake and sekihan (rice cooked with azuki beans) in the direction of Okinoshima. "]
[4924,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","その他","率いる","ひきいる","commanded","日本の艦隊を率いていたのは、東郷平八郎 (1848～1934年) 海軍大将でした。","The Japanese fleet was commanded by Admiral Togo Heihachiro (1848–1934)."]
[4925,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","その他","開けたところ","ひらけたところ","clearing","在自山の頂上近くの開けたところには2つの鳥居が立っています。","Near the summit of Mt. Araji, two torii gates stand in a clearing, with views toward the sacred island of Okinoshima. "]
[4926,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","建造物等","千軒","せんげん","sengen","この地区の名前は、かつては狭い通りに多くの家が立ち並んでいたことに由来します (「千軒」とは、千軒の家という意味)。","The area gets its name from the large number of houses that once lined the narrow streets (sengen means “a thousand houses”). "]
[4927,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","建造物等","たたき","たたき","tataki","木製の引き戸を開けて玄関から入ります。玄関部分の床は、土を固めた「たたき」です。","Sliding wooden doors open to the genkan entrance, with a tataki floor of pounded earth."]
[4928,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","その他","鉢巻","はちまき","hachimaki","競争するこれらの3地域は、鉢巻の色でわかります。","The three rival neighborhoods are identified by their colored headbands (hachimaki)."]
[4929,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","その他","育てられる","そだてられる","cultivated","津屋崎干潟近くの筏で大切に育てられた津屋崎千軒かき","Tsuyazaki Sengen oysters are carefully cultivated on rafts near the Tsuyazaki tidal flats."]
[4930,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","食","茶づけ","ちゃづけ","chazuke","茶づけとは、ご飯に魚の刺身を乗せて、その上からだし汁を注いだ料理です。","Chazuke is a dish of cooked rice topped with slices of fish, served with broth poured over top."]
[4931,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","植物","あんず","あんず","anzu","この施設の名前は、直売所の上の丘に広がるあんずの果樹園から来ています。","Anzu no Sato is named after the apricot (anzu) orchard that spreads across the hills above the market."]
[4932,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","植物","植物プランクトン","しょくぶつぷらんくとん","phytoplankton","植物プランクトンの豊富なこれらの海域が、食料源を追って移動する小魚やエビやカニをもたらし、漁業にとって理想的な条件を作り出しています。","These phytoplankton-rich waters bring small fish, shrimp and crabs that migrate to follow the food source, creating ideal fishing conditions."]
[4933,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","海岸・岬","岬","みさき","headlands","福津は玄界灘に面したなだらかなカーブを描く湾に位置し、両端にある岬で守られています。","Fukutsu is located on a gently curving bay that faces the Genkai Sea, protected by headlands at each end. "]
[4934,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","その他","戦略的な領土","せんりゃくてきなりょうど","strategic territories","アジアにおける帝国の野望から戦争が始まり、中国国内の戦略的な領土をめぐって双方が争いました。","The war started over rival imperial ambitions in Asia, as both sides sought to control strategic territories in China. "]
[4935,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","氏神","うじがみ","ujigami","河津興光は、氏神がなまずとして現れて自分を助けてくれた、と考えました。","Kawazu Okimitsu believed the catfish who saved him was the manifestation of his ancestral deity (ujigami)."]
[4936,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","お守り","おまもり","talisman","この強い葉は、不運からのお守り、またカップルの間の絆を象徴するお守りとして人気があります。","This strength made them popular as talismans against bad luck and symbolic of the bonds between couples"]
[4937,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","その他","筒の罠","つつのわな","tube traps","あなごが餌を食べに来る海底に、一部を埋めた長い筒の罠 (長さ約1.5m) で捕まえます。","The eels are caught in long tube traps (about 1.5 meters long) partially submerged on the seabed where they feed."]
[4938,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","その他","神経毒","しんけいどく","neurotoxin","とらふぐには強力な神経毒が含まれており、特に肝臓と卵巣に集中しています。","Tiger puffer fish contain a potent neurotoxin, concentrated in the liver and ovaries."]
[4939,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","郷土景観","町並み","まちなみ","streetscape","原町の伝統的な町並みが残っています。","Harumachi, a section of the traditional streetscape, remains."]
[4940,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","郷土景観","商業の町","しょうぎょうのまち","merchant town","江戸時代 (1603～1867年) の間、津屋崎千軒地区は、豊かな商業の町でした。この地域の製塩業のおかげです。","During the Edo period (1603–1867), the Tsuyazaki Sengen district was a wealthy merchant town, thanks to the area’s salt production. "]
[4941,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","遥拝","ようはい","yohai","人々が沖ノ島の沖津宮に祀られている神に祈り、聖なる沖ノ島に祈るためには、遠くから祈る「遥拝」を行う必要があります。","For people to worship the deity enshrined at Okitsu-miya Shrine on the island and the sacred island itself, they must engage in remote worship (yohai)."]
[4942,"福岡県","「神宿る島」宗像・沖ノ島と関連遺産群保存活用協議会","郷土景観","見晴らしのよい場所","みはらしのよいばしょ","vantage point","いくつかの遥拝所には建物があるものの、福津一帯の多くの遥拝所は、山腹や浜辺にある単に見晴らしのよい場所です。","While some worship locations are structures, many yohai spots around Fukutsu are simple vantage points on mountainsides or beaches. "]
[4943,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","史跡","丸尾山","まるおやま","MOUNT MARUO","春日では、地元のキリシタンは丸尾山と呼ばれる丘の上に墓地をつくっていました。","AT KASUGA, THE LOCAL CHRISTIANS HAD MADE A GRAVEYARD ON A HILL CALLED MOUNT MARUO."]
[4944,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","史跡","中江ノ島","なかえのしま\n","NAKAENOSHIMA ISLAND","毎年1月2日、おじいちゃんと僕は山に登って海の向こうの中江ノ島に祈りを捧げるんだ。","EVERY YEAR ON JANUARY 2, MY GRANDPA AND I CLIMB A HILL AND OFFER OUR PRAYERS ACROSS THE SEA TO NAKAENOSHIMA ISLAND."]
[4945,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","その他","南蛮船来航の地","なんばんせんらいこうのち","Arrival Point of the Nanban (European) Ships","南蛮船来航の地","Arrival Point of the Nanban (European) Ships"]
[4946,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","史跡","須崎キリシタン墓碑群","すざききりしたんぼひぐん","Christian Gravestones of Suzaki","須崎キリシタン墓碑群","Christian Gravestones of Suzaki"]
[4947,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","その他","平板","ひらいた","flat","長崎地域のキリシタン墓碑は、当時のヨーロッパの墓のデザインを反映し、平板型・切妻型・半円柱型・角柱型のいずれかに整形した石を平置きにしたものがほとんどです。","Most of the Christian gravestones in the Nagasaki region are horizontal—either flat or gabled slabs, or semicircular or rectangular pillar shapes—reflecting European gravestone designs of the time."]
[4948,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","その他","切妻","きりつま","gabled","長崎地域のキリシタン墓碑は、当時のヨーロッパの墓のデザインを反映し、平板型・切妻型・半円柱型・角柱型のいずれかに整形した石を平置きにしたものがほとんどです。","Most of the Christian gravestones in the Nagasaki region are horizontal—either flat or gabled slabs, or semicircular or rectangular pillar shapes—reflecting European gravestone designs of the time."]
[4949,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","その他","半円柱","はんえんちゅう","semicircular","長崎地域のキリシタン墓碑は、当時のヨーロッパの墓のデザインを反映し、平板型・切妻型・半円柱型・角柱型のいずれかに整形した石を平置きにしたものがほとんどです。","Most of the Christian gravestones in the Nagasaki region are horizontal—either flat or gabled slabs, or semicircular or rectangular pillar shapes—reflecting European gravestone designs of the time."]
[4950,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","その他","角柱","かくちゅう","rectangular pillar","長崎地域のキリシタン墓碑は、当時のヨーロッパの墓のデザインを反映し、平板型・切妻型・半円柱型・角柱型のいずれかに整形した石を平置きにしたものがほとんどです。","Most of the Christian gravestones in the Nagasaki region are horizontal—either flat or gabled slabs, or semicircular or rectangular pillar shapes—reflecting European gravestone designs of the time."]
[4951,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","その他","花十字","はなじゅうじ","floral cross\ncross fleury","花十字や横棒が二本の形十字、イエス・キリストの名前の略語である「HIS」という３文字で飾られていることもあります。","They may be decorated with a floral cross (cross fleury), a double-barred cross (patriarchal cross), or the trigram IHS, an abbreviation of the name of Jesus."]
[4952,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","その他","形十字","かたちじゅうじ","double-barred cross\npatriarchal cross","花十字や横棒が二本の形十字、イエス・キリストの名前の略語である「HIS」という３文字で飾られていることもあります。","They may be decorated with a floral cross (cross fleury), a double-barred cross (patriarchal cross), or the trigram IHS, an abbreviation of the name of Jesus."]
[4953,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","史跡","砂原キリシタン墓碑群","さはらきりしたんぼひぐん","Christian Gravestones of Sahara","砂原キリシタン墓碑群","Christian Gravestones of Sahara"]
[4954,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","史跡","白浜キリシタン墓碑","しらはまきりしたんぼひ","Christian Gravestones of Shirahama","白浜キリシタン墓碑","Christian Gravestones of Shirahama"]
[4955,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","史跡","吉川キリシタン墓碑群","よしかわきりしたんぼひぐん","Christian Gravestones of Yoshikawa","吉川キリシタン墓碑群","Christian Gravestones of Yoshikawa"]
[4956,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","史跡","谷川 「流しや（ルシヤ）」 キリシタン墓碑 ","たにがわるしあきりしたんぼひ","Christian Grave of Lucia at Tanigawa","谷川 「流しや（ルシヤ）」 キリシタン墓碑 ","Christian Grave of Lucia at Tanigawa"]
[4957,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","日野江城","ひのえじょう","Hinoe Castle","この墓地は日野江城の跡地からわずか1キロのところにあります。","This graveyard is located only a kilometer from the site of Hinoe Castle."]
[4958,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","史跡","西正寺キリシタン墓碑群","さいしょうじきりしたんぼひぐん","Christian Gravestones of Saishoji Temple ","西正寺キリシタン墓碑群","Christian Gravestones of Saishoji Temple "]
[4959,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","史跡","里坊キリシタン墓碑群","さとぼうきりしたんぼひぐん","Christian Gravestones of Satobo","里坊キリシタン墓碑群","Christian Gravestones of Satobo"]
[4960,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","史跡","小川キリシタン墓碑","こがわきりしたんぼひ","Kogawa Christian Gravestone","小川キリシタン墓碑","Kogawa Christian Gravestone"]
[4961,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","史跡","有家キリシタン史跡公園墓碑群","ありえきりしたんしせきこうえんぼひぐん","Gravestones in Arie Christian History Park","有家キリシタン史跡公園墓碑群","Gravestones in Arie Christian History Park"]
[4962,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","史跡","中須川キリシタン墓碑四基","なかすかわきりしたんぼひよんき","The Four Christian Gravestones of Nakasukawa","中須川キリシタン墓碑四基","The Four Christian Gravestones of Nakasukawa"]
[4963,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","史跡","宮の本キリシタン墓碑群","みやのもときりしたんぼひぐん","Christian Gravestones of Miyanomoto","宮の本キリシタン墓碑群","Christian Gravestones of Miyanomoto"]
[4964,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","史跡","有馬セミナリヨ跡地","ありませみなりよあとち","Site of the Arima Seminary","有馬セミナリヨ跡地","Site of the Arima Seminary"]
[4965,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","史跡","おきなわてこせんじょうあと","沖田畷古戦場跡","Site of the Battle of Okitanawate ","沖田畷古戦場跡","Site of the Battle of Okitanawate "]
[4966,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","史跡","まだれいなの墓碑","まだれいなのぼひ","The Gravestone of Madareina","まだれいなの墓碑","The Gravestone of Madareina"]
[4967,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","史跡","島原殉教地","しまばらじゅんきょうち","Shimabara Martyrdom Site","島原殉教地","Shimabara Martyrdom Site"]
[4968,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","自然現象","島原大変","しまばらたいへん","Shimabara Catastrophe","この島は、おそらく1792年の島原大変によって消滅しました。","The island has disappeared, probably as a result of the Shimabara Catastrophe of 1792."]
[4969,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","島原教会","しまばらきょうかい","Shimabara Church","島原教会","Shimabara Church"]
[4970,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","史跡","今村刑場","いまむらけいじょう","Imamura Execution Ground","今村刑場","Imamura Execution Ground"]
[4971,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","温泉","雲仙地獄","うんぜんじごく","Unzen Hell","雲仙地獄","Unzen Hell"]
[4972,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","釜蓋城跡","かまぶたじょうあと","Site of Kamabuta Castle","釜蓋城跡","Site of Kamabuta Castle"]
[4973,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","金山城跡","かなやまじょうあと","Site of Kanayama Castle","金山城跡","Site of Kanayama Castle"]
[4974,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","結城城","ゆうきじょう","Yukijo \nYuki’s Castle","この城は地元では「結城城」と呼ばれています。","The castle is known locally as Yukijo (“Yuki’s Castle”)."]
[4975,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","史跡","首塚古墳","くびづかこふん","Death’s Head Mound","首塚古墳","Death’s Head Mound"]
[4976,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","史跡","土手之元のキリシタン墓碑","どてのもとのきりしたんぼひ","Christian Gravestones of Dotenomoto","土手之元のキリシタン墓碑","Christian Gravestones of Dotenomoto"]
[4977,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","史跡","南串山のキリシタン墓碑","みなみくしやまのきりしたんぼひ","Gravestones of Minami Kushiyama","南串山のキリシタン墓碑","Gravestones of Minami Kushiyama"]
[4978,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","史跡","トードス・オス・サントス跡","とーどすおすさんとすあと","site of Todos os Santos","この場所は1569年に建てられた長崎の最初の教会堂、トードス・オス・サントス （諸聖人）の跡地です。","This is the site of Todos os Santos (All Saints), Nagasaki’s first church, built in 1569."]
[4979,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","史跡","潜伏時代のキリシタン墓碑","せんぷくじだいのきりしたんぼひ","Gravestone from the Hidden Christian Era","潜伏時代のキリシタン墓碑","Gravestone from the Hidden Christian Era"]
[4980,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","社会","島原の乱","しまばらのらん","Shimabara Rebellion","出島が完成した翌年の1637年に勃発した「島原の乱」により、事態は思わぬ方向へと動きました。","Things were thrown off track by the outbreak of the Shimabara Rebellion in 1637, the year after Dejima was completed."]
[4981,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","史跡","オランダ商館","おらんだしょうかん","Dutch Trading Post","彼らはオランダ商館を平戸島から出島に移すように働きかけ、幕府は1641年にこれに応じました。","They lobbied to move the Dutch Trading Post from the island of Hirado to Dejima, and the shogunate complied in 1641."]
[4982,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","史跡","出島神学校","でじましんがっこう","Dejima Protestant seminary","出島神学校は、キリスト教が解禁された5年後の1878年に建てられました。","The Dejima Protestant seminary dates from 1878, five years after the ban on Christianity was lifted."]
[4983,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","食","長崎内外倶楽部","ながさきないがいくらぶ","Nagasaki International Club","1903年に設立された長崎内外倶楽部は、イギリスの紳士クラブをモデルにした団体で、日本人と西洋人が交流する機会を提供することを目的としていました。","The Nagasaki International Club, which dates from 1903, was an institution modeled on an English gentleman’s club; it was designed to give Japanese and Westerners the opportunity to mingle socially. "]
[4984,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","浦上天主堂","うらかみてんしゅどう","Urakami Cathedral","浦上天主堂には悲劇的な歴史があります。","Urakami Cathedral has a tragic history."]
[4985,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","社会","浦上四番崩れ","うらかみよんばんくずれ","Fourth Urakami Crackdown","萩は浦上四番崩れ（1867–1873）の際に浦上キリシタンが流された土地のひとつでした。","Hagi was one of the places where the Urakami Christians were exiled in the Fourth Urakami Crackdown (1867–1873)."]
[4986,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","史跡","次兵衛岩洞窟","じへいいわどうくつ","The Cave of Jihei ","次兵衛岩洞窟","The Cave of Jihei "]
[4987,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","史跡","バスチャンの小屋","ばすちゃんのこや","Bastian’s Hut","バスチャンの小屋","Bastian’s Hut"]
[4988,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","枯松神社","かれまつじんじゃ","Karematsu Shrine","枯松神社","Karematsu Shrine"]
[4989,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","ジワン枯松","じわんかれまつ","Jiwan Karematsu","この場所はもともとジワン枯松と呼ばれていました。","The place was originally known as Jiwan (Japanese for “Juan”) Karematsu."]
[4990,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","史跡"," \nド・ロ神父の大平作業場跡地\n","どろしんぷのおおだいらさぎょうじょうあと","Site of the Father de Rotz Odaira Workshop","ド・ロ神父の大平作業場跡地","Site of the Father de Rotz Odaira Workshop"]
[4991,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","集落・街","外海教区","そとめきょうく","Sotome parish","彼は1868年に来日し、1879年に外海教区の主任司祭を任じられました。","He came to Japan in 1868 and was put in charge of Sotome parish in 1879."]
[4992,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","史跡","野道共同墓地","のみちきょうどうぼち","Nomichi Graveyard","野道共同墓地","Nomichi Graveyard"]
[4993,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","馬込教会","まごめきょうかい","Magome Church","馬込教会は長崎湾のすぐ外側に浮かぶ伊王島にあります。","Magome Church is located on Iojima, an island just outside Nagasaki Bay."]
[4994,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","羅典神学校","らてんしんがっこう","Latin Seminary","白い漆喰塗りの羅典神学校は1875年、赤レンガの大司教館は1915年に建てられました。","The white-plaster Latin Seminary dates from 1875, while the red-brick Archbishop’s Residence dates from 1915."]
[4995,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大司教館","だいしきょうかん","Archbishop’s Residence","白い漆喰塗りの羅典神学校は1875年、赤レンガの大司教館は1915年に建てられました。","The white-plaster Latin Seminary dates from 1875, while the red-brick Archbishop’s Residence dates from 1915."]
[4996,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","天福寺","てんぷくじ","Tenpukuji Temple","天福寺","Tenpukuji Temple"]
[4997,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","山岳","岩屋山","いわやさん","Mount Iwaya","実際のところ、東樫山地域はキリシタンに大変友好的で、「樫山を一度訪れるのは（祈りの地として知られていた）岩屋山を三度訪れるのに等しい。","In fact, so hospitable to Christians was the Higashi Kashiyama area that there was a saying: “One visit to Kashiyama is equal to three visits to Mount Iwaya [a popular site for prayer]."]
[4998,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","史跡","岬の教会跡","みさきのきょうかいあと","The Site of the Church on the Cape","岬の教会跡","The Site of the Church on the Cape"]
[4999,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","史跡","長崎奉行所","ながさきぶぎょうしょ","Nagasaki Magistrate’s Office","1633年、長崎奉行所がここに移されました。後に、奉行所は長崎県庁に建て替えられ、この庁舎は数年前までこの場所に立っていました。","The Nagasaki Magistrate’s Office was moved here in 1633; later it was replaced by the Nagasaki Prefectural Office, which stood on this site until a few years ago."]
[5000,"長崎県","「長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産」保存活用実行委員会","組織・団体","天正遣欧使節","てんしょうけんおうしょうねんしせつ","Tensho Embassy","中浦ジュリアン （1567–1633）は1582年に日本のキリスト教の大使としてローマに派遣された4人の少年、天正遣欧使節の1人でした。","Nakaura Julian (1567–1633) was a member of the Tensho Embassy, a group of four youths sent to Rome as ambassadors of Japanese Christianity in 1582."]
[5001,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺跡群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","社会","琉球王国","りゅうきゅうおうこく","Kingdom of Ryukyu","首里城は、琉球王国で1469年から1879年まで続いた第二尚氏王朝時代に建てられた中で最大規模を誇るモニュメント的建築物です。","Shuri Castle is the greatest architectural monument of the Second Sho Dynasty of the Kingdom of Ryukyu, which lasted from 1469 to 1879. "]
[5002,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺跡群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","グスク","ぐすく","gusuku","首里城のようなグスクは、12世紀から16世紀までの繁栄の時代のシンボルです。この時代に、琉球諸島は異なる国々に分かれていた状態から統一王朝に発展し、独立国として海外との交易を盛んに行いました。","Gusuku like Shuri Castle are symbols of the prosperous era of the twelfth to sixteenth centuries, when the Ryukyu Islands progressed from isolated domains to a united kingdom that enjoyed independence and extensive overseas trade."]
[5003,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺跡群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","円覚寺","えんかくじ","Enkakuji Temple","円覚寺","Enkakuji Temple","※初出の際は\"Enkakuji Temple\"としながら、同じ章・段落の中で繰り返し言及する場合は、\"Enkakuji\"とするでよい。\nEnkakuji was a Buddhist temple located just outside the northern walls of Shuri Castle, sometimes referred to as Tentokuzan. "]
[5004,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺跡群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","七堂伽藍","しちどうぎゃらん","shichido garan","中心を走る軸に沿って7つの主なお堂が明確に並べられるという配置は、仏教の禅宗の寺で一般的に見られる七堂伽藍と呼ばれる配置です。","Seven main buildings were sited along a clear central axis, an arrangement common to Zen Buddhist temples known as shichido garan, or “seven hall compound.” "]
[5005,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺跡群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","湖沼","龍潭","りゅうたん","Ryutan","中国出身の琉球王朝の高官だった懐機は、1427年に尚巴志王から龍潭という大きな池を作るように命じられました。","Kaiki, a Chinese-born Ryukyuan court official, was ordered by King Sho Hashi to direct the construction of the large pond called Ryutan (Dragon Depths) in 1427."]
[5006,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺跡群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","人物・人名・役職名","懐機","かいき","Kaiki","中国出身の琉球王朝の高官だった懐機は、1427年に尚巴志王から龍潭という大きな池を作るように命じられました。","Kaiki, a Chinese-born Ryukyuan court official, was ordered by King Sho Hashi to direct the construction of the large pond called Ryutan (Dragon Depths) in 1427."]
[5007,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺跡群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","中城御殿跡地","なかぐすくうどぅんあとち","Archeological Site of Nakagusuku Udun","中城御殿跡地","Archeological Site of Nakagusuku Udun","※跡地の訳は\"site\"とした。（現在この場所に井戸が1つ、そして周辺の大きな石垣だけが残されたのみであるため）"]
[5008,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺跡群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","人物・人名・役職名","王世子","おうせいし","crown prince","中城御殿は、琉球の王世子のための宮殿として建てられた大きな邸宅でした。","Nakagusuku Udun was a large villa built as a palace for the crown prince of Ryukyu. "]
[5009,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺跡群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","史跡","第32軍司令部壕","だいさんじゅうにしれいぶごう","The 32nd Army Underground Headquarters","第32軍司令部壕は、第2次世界大戦中に大日本帝国陸軍によってアメリカ軍による沖縄侵攻に備えるために首里城の地下に作られた壕群です。","The 32nd Army Underground Headquarters (32nd Gun Shirei Bugo) is a series of tunnels underneath Shuri Castle that were constructed during World War II by the Japanese Imperial Army in preparation for the invasion of Okinawa by US Forces."]
[5010,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺跡群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","その他","綾門大道","あやじょううふみち","Ayajo Ufumichi","首里城につながる大通りは、綾門大道と呼ばれていました。","The main avenue of approach to Shuri Castle was known as the Ayajo Ufumichi, “Road to the Beautiful Gate.” "]
[5011,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺跡群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","その他","真珠道","まだまみち","Madamamichi","真珠道は、守礼門の近くから始まる、歴史ある重要な通りです。","Madamamichi (Pearl Road) is an important historical route that began near the Shureimon Gate. "]
[5012,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺跡群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","守礼の邦","しゅれいのくに","nation of propriety","守礼門という名前は、明の皇帝が1579年に「琉球は守礼の邦と称するに足りる」と言ったことに由来しています。","The name Shureimon comes from a declaration by the Ming Emperor in 1579 that “Ryukyu deserves to be called ‘a nation of propriety.’” "]
[5013,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺跡群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","正殿跡","せいでんあと","Site of the Seiden Main Hall ","正殿跡","Site of the Seiden Main Hall ","※首里城正殿跡の訳は一般的な総称として\"site\"を使用。"]
[5014,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺跡群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","建造物等","唐破風","からはふう","karahafu","日本建築から借用された、唐破風という曲線を描く大きな破風は、4本の柱に支えられて、中央玄関を風雨から守っていました。","A prominent curved gable known as a karahafu, borrowed from Japanese architecture, was supported by four columns and sheltered the central entrance. "]
[5015,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺跡群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","史跡","御内原","おうちばら","Ouchibara","御内原は、主には王族の日々の生活、例えば食事、睡眠、教育、文化訓練、そして娯楽を支えるための居住スペースとして設計されました。","The Ouchibara (inner field) was largely designed as residential space to support the daily lives of the royal family, including eating, sleeping, education, cultural training, and leisure. "]
[5016,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺跡群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","東のアザナ","あがりのあざな","Agari no Azana","東のアザナは、首里城の内側の城壁の東の端に建てられた櫓です。首里城で最も標高が高い地点で、海抜約140メートルあります。","The Agari no Azana (eastern lookout) is an observation post built atop the easternmost edge of the inner wall of Shuri Castle."]
[5017,"沖縄県","「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺跡群」世界遺産登録20周年記念事業実行委員会","史跡","銭蔵","ぜにくら","Zenikura ","銭蔵は、首里城の城郭の通用口である久慶門近くの内側と外側の城壁に囲まれたエリアに立っていたいくつもの建築物の1つでした。","The Zenikura (money storehouse) was one of a number of buildings that stood in the space between the inner and outer castle walls near the Kyukeimon Gate, one of the main entrances of the castle. "]
[5018,"北海道・青森県・秋田県・岩手県","縄文遺跡群世界遺産登録推進会議","史跡","竪穴建物","たてあなじゅうきょ","pit dwellings","これまでに500を超える竪穴建物跡の基礎が見つかっており、その中には長さ32mに及ぶ建物の基礎もありました。","The foundations of more than 500 pit dwellings have been identified to date, including those of “dwellings” that measured up to 32 meters in length. "]
[5019,"北海道・青森県・秋田県・岩手県","縄文遺跡群世界遺産登録推進会議","史跡","土偶","どぐう","clay figurines (dogu)","発掘された数百個の土器・土偶・土版・石器は、大湯ストーンサークル館に展示されています。","Hundreds of clay vessels (doki), clay figurines (dogu), clay tablets (doban), and stone objects unearthed through excavations are displayed at the Oyu Stone Circles Museum. "]
[5020,"北海道・青森県・秋田県・岩手県","縄文遺跡群世界遺産登録推進会議","史跡","盛土","もりど","earthwork mound","考古学的調査により、100を超える竪穴建物跡の基礎、墓、貯蔵穴や大量の土器・石器・動物の骨を含む盛土が発掘されました。","Archaeological excavations have revealed the foundations of more than 100 pit dwellings, graves, storage pits, and an earthwork mound containing large quantities of pottery, stone tools, and animal bones. "]
[5021,"北海道・青森県・秋田県・岩手県","縄文遺跡群世界遺産登録推進会議","史跡","中空土偶","ちゅうくうどぐう","hollow clay figurine (chuku dogu) ","最も高く評価されている出土品は、「中空土偶」です。この土偶は、野菜畑を耕していた女性によって発見されました。","The most prized artifact is a hollow clay figurine (chuku dogu) that was discovered by a lady tending her vegetable garden. "]
[5022,"北海道・青森県・秋田県・岩手県","縄文遺跡群世界遺産登録推進会議","史跡","発掘","はっくつ","excavations","幅広い調査と一部の発掘が1960年代に始まり、周堤墓群の中と堤の外周には墓穴があることが明らかになりました。","Extensive surveys and partial excavations beginning in the 1960s have revealed burial pits within the circles and around the outer edges of the embankments. "]
[5023,"北海道・青森県・秋田県・岩手県","縄文遺跡群世界遺産登録推進会議","史跡","貝塚","かいづか","shell mound","考古学者たちは、大規模な貝塚、複数の人間の遺体、およびさまざまな人工物を発掘してきました。","Archaeologists have uncovered large shell mounds, several sets of human remains, and a range of artifacts that provide evidence of complex ritual practices. "]
[5024,"北海道・青森県・秋田県・岩手県","縄文遺跡群世界遺産登録推進会議","社会","先史時代の","せんしじだいの","prehistoric","先史時代の北部日本の集落は、このような生活手段にますます依存するようになり、大量の魚介類が消費されるようになりました。","Prehistoric communities of northern Japan relied increasingly on these activities for sustenance and consumed large quantities of seafood. "]
[5025,"北海道・青森県・秋田県・岩手県","縄文遺跡群世界遺産登録推進会議","史跡","墓地遺跡","ぼちいせき","burial site","入江・高砂貝塚（高砂貝塚）（紀元前約900年）は、付近の集落の墓地として機能していたと考えられている大型の墓地遺跡です。","The Takasago Burial Site (c. 900 BCE) is a large burial site thought to have functioned as a cemetery serving nearby settlements. "]
[5026,"北海道・青森県・秋田県・岩手県","縄文遺跡群世界遺産登録推進会議","史跡","墓穴","ぼけつ","burial pits","この遺跡の考古学調査により、墓穴、竪穴建物跡および儀式に使われた品々が発掘されました。","Archaeological surveys have revealed burial pits, the sites of pit dwellings, and deposits of ritual items."]
[5027,"北海道・青森県・秋田県・岩手県","縄文遺跡群世界遺産登録推進会議","史跡","環状列石","かんじょうれっせき","stone circle","この開けた土地は人工的に作られた盛土の上にあり、その中心に環状列石があります。","The stone circle is in the center of the clearing on an artificially constructed mound. "]
[5028,"北海道・青森県・秋田県・岩手県","縄文遺跡群世界遺産登録推進会議","史跡","土器片","どきへん","potsherds","最も厚いところで1.5mに達していた土器片の層が、地面に埋められた状態で発見されています。","Deep layers of potsherds—1.5 meters at their thickest—were found buried in the earth. "]
[5029,"北海道・青森県・秋田県・岩手県","縄文遺跡群世界遺産登録推進会議","史跡","人間の遺体","にんげんのいたい","human remains","ここで発見された土器片と人間の遺体から、この遺跡は紀元前4000～2000年頃のものだと考えられます。","Potsherds and human remains discovered here date the site from 4000 to 2000 BCE. "]
[5030,"北海道・青森県・秋田県・岩手県","縄文遺跡群世界遺産登録推進会議","史跡","漆器","しっき","lacquered objects","磨き上げられた土器、光沢のあるヒスイ玉、漆器、食物繊維で編んだ物、精巧な頭飾りを付けた眼鏡のような目の中空土偶など、墓穴や遺跡の髄所からは様々な埋蔵物が見つかっています。","A wide variety of artifacts have been found in the burial pits and throughout the site including burnished earthenware vessels, polished jade beads, lacquered objects, items woven from plant fiber, and hollow clay figurines with large goggle-like eyes and elaborate headdresses."]
[5031,"北海道・青森県・秋田県・岩手県","縄文遺跡群世界遺産登録推進会議","史跡","矢じり","やじり","arrowheads","これらの石器は、より大型で初歩的な道具から、技術的により洗練された刃物や矢じりまで、形も大きさもさまざまで、シカなどの動きが速い動物を狩る目的で作られています。","They vary in shape and size, ranging from larger, more rudimentary tools to more technically refined blades and arrowheads, designed to hunt fast-moving animals such as deer."]
[5032,"北海道・青森県・秋田県・岩手県","縄文遺跡群世界遺産登録推進会議","史跡","貯蔵穴","ちょぞうけつ","storage pits","クリを保存するのに使われることが多かった貯蔵穴の存在は、住人が森で食料の採集も行っていたことを示唆しています。","The presence of storage pits, typically used for storing chestnuts, suggests they also foraged in the forests."]
[5033,"北海道・青森県・秋田県・岩手県","縄文遺跡群世界遺産登録推進会議","史跡","炉床","ろしょう","hearth","内部には炉床があり、貯蔵庫として屋根裏部屋のような空間を備えた建物もあったと考えられています。","Their interiors have a hearth, and some dwellings may also have had an attic-like space for storage."]
[5034,"北海道・青森県・秋田県・岩手県","縄文遺跡群世界遺産登録推進会議","史跡","板状土偶","ばんじょうどぐう","tablet-like figurines (banjo dogu)","これらの土偶は、平たい板のような土偶（板状土偶）から、中空の土偶（中空土偶）まで、様式と意匠に幅があります。 ","They range in style and design from flat, tablet-like figurines (banjo dogu) to hollow figures (chuku dogu). "]
[5035,"北海道・青森県・秋田県・岩手県","縄文遺跡群世界遺産登録推進会議","史跡","配石","はいせき","stone arrangement","この環状列石は、外側に2つの環があり、中心には楕円形の配石があります。","The circle is composed of two outer rings and an oval-shaped stone arrangement in the center. "]
[5036,"北海道・青森県・秋田県・岩手県","縄文遺跡群世界遺産登録推進会議","史跡","銛先","もりさき","harpoon heads","これらの漁具には、骨角製の組み合わせ式釣り針、銛先、漁網につける石錘などがあります。","The artifacts include combination fish hooks made from bone and antler, harpoon heads, and stone net sinkers. "]
[5037,"北海道・青森県・秋田県・岩手県","縄文遺跡群世界遺産登録推進会議","その他","定住","ていじゅう","sedentism","これらの遺跡は、日本の先史時代の人々について、土器を使い始めた頃から、定住の開始・発展・成熟までの物語を語ってくれます。","They tell the story of Japan’s prehistoric people, from the earliest use of pottery to the emergence, development, and maturity of sedentism. "]
[5038,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","滝","オンネトー湯の滝","おんねとーゆのたき","Onneto Yunotaki Falls","「オンネトー湯の滝」は温水の滝です。この滝は、雌阿寒岳の西側斜面の溶岩の裂け目から流れ出ています。","Onneto Yunotaki Falls is a thermal waterfall that springs from gaps in the lava on Mt. Meakan’s western slope."]
[5039,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","その他","マンガン酸化物","まんがんさんかぶつ","manganese oxide","マンガン酸化物は、私たちが日々使っている多くの物の生産に欠かせない鉱物です。","Manganese oxide is an essential ore used in the production of many goods we use every day. "]
[5040,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","山岳","ポンマチネシリ","ぽんまちねしり","Pon-machineshiri","雌阿寒岳の山頂であるポンマチネシリ (1,499 m) は、7,000年前に噴火を始めました。","Mt. Meakan’s tallest peak, Pon-machineshiri (1,499 m), began erupting 7,000 years ago. "]
[5041,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","その他","マンガン酸化細菌","まんがんさんかさいきん","manganese-oxidizing bacteria","シアノバクテリアのじゅうたんは、マンガン酸化細菌など多くの微生物が生息する場所です。","The carpet of cyanobacteria is a habitat of many microbes, including manganese-oxidizing bacteria. "]
[5042,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","動物","シアノバクテリア","しあのばくてりあ","cyanobacteria","約35億年前に、シアノバクテリアが初めて地球に現れました。","The earliest cyanobacteria appeared on Earth about 3.5 billion years ago. "]
[5043,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","動物","光合成を行う生物","こうごうせいをおこなうせいぶつ","photosynthetic organisms","海では光合成を行うシアノバクテリアなどの生物が増え、酸素を産出し続けました。","Photosynthetic organisms like cyanobacteria multiplied in the seas and continued to produce oxygen. "]
[5044,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","その他","日本の天然記念物","にほんのてんねんきねんぶつ","Natural Monument of Japan","オンネトー湯の滝は、 2000年に日本の天然記念物に指定され、日本政府から特別な保護を受けています。","Onneto Yunotaki Falls was designated a Natural Monument of Japan in 2000, granting it special protection by the Japanese government."]
[5045,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","その他","クジラヒゲ","くじらひげ","baleen","先史時代のクジラの中には、歯がなくなり「クジラヒゲ」を備えるようになった種があります。クジラのヒゲは、上あごから垂れ下がった、ブラシの毛のようなもので、オキアミなどの小さな獲物を水から濾し取ります。","In some prehistoric whales, the teeth were eventually replaced by baleen—filter-like bristles that hang from plates in the upper jaw and strain small prey like krill from the water. "]
[5046,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","岩石・洞窟","先史時代の化石","せんしじだいのかせき","prehistoric fossils","足寄動物化石博物館は、足寄で発掘された先史時代の稀少な化石の数々、絶滅した海洋哺乳類のレプリカ、および現在北海道近海を泳いでいる種類のクジラの全身骨格を展示しています。","The Ashoro Museum of Paleontology displays numerous rare prehistoric fossils excavated in Ashoro, replicas of extinct marine mammals, and full-size skeletons of whale species that swim in Hokkaido’s waters today."]
[5047,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","テーマ施設等","あしょろ銀河ホール21","あしょろぎんがほーる21","Michi-no-Eki Ashoro Ginga Hall 21","道の駅「あしょろ銀河ホール21」は、国道241号線と242号線の交差点に位置するお休み処です。","Michi-no-Eki Ashoro Ginga Hall 21 is a roadside rest area located at the intersection of National Routes 241 and 242. "]
[5048,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","庭園・公園","阿寒摩周国立公園","あかんましゅうこくりつこうえん","Akan-Mashu National Park","この道の駅は、札幌、大雪山国立公園、富良野といった西にある観光地から阿寒摩周国立公園に向かう方にとって便利です。","It is a convenient stop for visitors heading to Akan-Mashu National Park from points west, such as Sapporo, Daisetsuzan National Park, or Furano. "]
[5049,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","横綱","よこづな","yokozuna","大鵬は、17歳の時に相撲部屋に入り、 21歳で史上最年少 (当時) の横綱になりました。","He joined a sumo stable when he was 17, going on to become the youngest ever yokozuna (grand champion) at the time, at age 21. "]
[5050,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","手水舎","てみずや","temizuya","川湯温泉足湯の近くにある川湯神社には、 日本にしかない温泉の手水舎があります。手水舎とは、神社の入口にある手洗い場で、手と口を清める儀礼に使われます。","Kawayu Jinja Shrine, located near Kawayu Onsen Footbath, has one of Japan’s only hot-spring-fed temizuya, a water basin at the entrance of a Shinto shrine used to ritually purify one’s hands and mouth."]
[5051,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","動物","輓馬","ばんば","banba","北海道の開拓者たちは、木のある土地を開拓するのに、強靭な「輓馬」を使いました。現在この地域に非常に多くの輓馬がいるのはそのためです。","Hokkaido pioneers used strong draft horses, known as banba, to clear the land of trees, which is why there are so many of these horses in the region today."]
[5052,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","集落・街","コタン","こたん","kotan","屈斜路コタンアイヌ民族資料館は、「コタン」と呼ばれるアイヌの村がかつてあった場所に位置しています。","The Kussharo Kotan Ainu Museum stands on the former site of an Ainu village, known as a kotan. "]
[5053,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","テーマ施設等","屈斜路コタンアイヌ民族資料館","くっしゃろこたんあいぬみんぞくしりょうかん","Kussharo Kotan Ainu Museum","屈斜路コタンアイヌ民族資料館のこの箇所には、屈斜路カルデラに暮らす動物の絵と、乾燥させた植物が展示されています。","Dried plants and illustrations of animals that live in the Kussharo Caldera are on display in this section of the Kussharo Kotan Ainu Museum. "]
[5054,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","山岳","カムイヌプリ","カムイヌプリ","Kamui-nupuri","アトサヌプリ (硫黄山) 、カムイヌプリ (摩周岳) といった山のアイヌ名や、その他の地形のアイヌ名は、現在も弟子屈で使われています。","The Ainu names of mountains such as Atosa-nupuri (Mt. Io) and Kamui-nupuri (Mt. Mashu), as well as Ainu names for other geographical features, are still used in Teshikaga today. "]
[5055,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","建造物等","チセ","チセ","cise","アイヌの住居には、母屋 (チセ) と、それとは別の仮小屋 (クチャ) がありました。クチャは狩猟の際に使われていました。","Ainu dwellings consisted of a main building, the cise, and a separate temporary hut, the kuca, which was used for hunting. "]
[5056,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","山岳","アトサヌプリ","あとさぬぷり","Atosa-nupuri","このコタンでの暮らしは、近くにある硫黄山 (アイヌ語ではアトサヌプリ) で硫黄の採掘が始まった明治時代 (1868～1912年) 初頭に大きく変わりました。","Life in the kotan changed significantly at the start of the Meiji era (1868–1912), when sulfur mining began at nearby Mt. Io (Atosa-nupuri in the Ainu language). "]
[5057,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","史跡","ヌササン","ぬささん","nusasan","建物の中には23本の木柱があり、これらはヌササン (祭壇。アイヌの家屋の外に設けられる聖なる祈りの場) を表しています。","Twenty-three wooden pillars inside the building represent the nusasan (altar), a sacred place of worship erected outside of Ainu homes. "]
[5058,"北海道","（知床国立公園）羅臼町","自然現象","流氷","りゅうひょう","drift ice","冬には、アザラシが流氷で休憩し、オジロワシが海の上空を舞い、海の妖精クリオネが凍った水中を泳ぐ姿を見ることができます。 ","During winter, see seals resting on the drift ice, white-tailed eagles soaring above the sea, and clione sea angels gliding under the icy water. "]
[5059,"北海道","（知床国立公園）羅臼町","動物","シャチ","しゃち","killer whale","羅臼町を訪れた際には、ホエールウォッチングツアーでシャチ（4月～7月）やマッコウクジラ（7月～9月）などを観察することができます。","Visitors to Rausu can observe killer whales (April–July,) sperm whales (July–September,) and other species on whale watching tours."]
[5060,"北海道","（知床国立公園）羅臼町","動物","ヒグマ","ひぐま","brown bear","知床半島にはヒグマがたくさん生息しています。豊富な食料源と厳しい保全規制により守られた生息地があるためです。","Brown bears are common on the Shiretoko Peninsula due to abundant food sources and a habitat secured by strict conservation legislation. "]
[5061,"北海道","（知床国立公園）羅臼町","動物","クリオネ","くりおね","clione","北の海洋生物の暮らしは暖水域のものと異なり、ダイバーは、一般的に海の妖精と呼ばれる透明のウミムシ、クリオネなど、冷水域の種を見ることができます。 ","Northern marine life is different from that of warm water oceans, and divers can expect to see cold-water species such as clione—translucent sea slugs commonly called sea angels."]
[5062,"北海道","（知床国立公園）羅臼町","動物","繁殖期","はんしょくき","breeding season","ただし、繁殖期の2月と3月には、もっと遅い午前1時ごろに現れることが多いです。","However, in February and March—during breeding season—they tend to appear much later, around 1 a.m. "]
[5063,"北海道","（知床国立公園）羅臼町","食","海鮮丼","かいせんどん","kaisendon","この地域に訪れた際は、地元で獲れる様々な魚介類について学ぶことができる教室に参加し、ウニや他の季節の鮮魚をトッピングした自分だけの海鮮丼を作ることができます。","Visitors to the area can join a class to learn about the wide variety of local seafood and create their own kaisendon, a bowl of rice topped with fresh sea urchin (uni) and a selection of other seasonal sashimi. "]
[5064,"北海道","（知床国立公園）羅臼町","海岸・岬","根室海峡","ねむろかいきょう","Nemuro Strait","羅臼海岸沖は、冬の間に根室海峡をいっぱいにする浮氷塊により、栄養豊富な海水になります。","The waters off the Rausu coast are rich in nutrients due to the ice floes that pack the Nemuro Strait during winter. "]
[5065,"北海道","（知床国立公園）羅臼町","動物","浅海魚","せんかいぎょ","shallow-water fish","根室海峡では、浅海魚から深海魚まで多種多様な魚が獲れます。","A wide variety of fish is landed in the Nemuro Strait, including both shallow-water fish and deep-sea species. "]
[5066,"北海道","（知床国立公園）羅臼町","その他","クマよけ鈴","くまよけすず","bear bell","受付ではクマよけ鈴が販売されており、クマ撃退スプレーや全天候用ブーツをレンタルすることもできます。","Bear bells are on sale at the reception desk, and bear spray and all-weather boots can be rented. "]
[5067,"北海道","（知床国立公園）羅臼町","高原・湿原・原野","湿地帯","しっちたい","marshland","羅臼町を訪れた際は、古代林を探検したり、鳴き鳥が生息する森林を散策したり、川や湿地帯を横切るコースへトレッキングに出かけたりすることができます。","Visitors to Rausu can choose to explore ancient forests, walk in woodlands populated by songbirds, and trek trails that criss-cross rivers and marshland."]
[5068,"北海道","（知床国立公園）羅臼町","海岸・岬","オホーツク海","おほーつくかい","Sea of Okhotsk","晴れた日に山頂へ行くことができれば、そこを取り囲む山々の景色とオホーツク海を眺めることができます。","Hikers reaching the peak on a clear day can view the surrounding mountain landscape and the Sea of Okhotsk."]
[5069,"北海道","（知床国立公園）羅臼町","植物","高山植物の花","こうざんしょくぶつのはな","alpine flower","5月下旬から9月下旬にかけては、コース沿いに高山植物の花が咲きます。","Alpine flowers grow along the route from late May to late September."]
[5070,"北海道","（知床国立公園）羅臼町","博物館・美術館","剥製展示","はくせいてんじ","taxidermy exhibit","大きな地図は現地エリアの地質学的に興味深いポイントを解説するもので、さまざまな剥製展示では現地の野生生物を紹介しています。","Large maps detail points of geological interest in the local area, and a selection of taxidermy exhibits introduces local wildlife. "]
[5071,"北海道","（知床国立公園）羅臼町","動物","マッコウクジラ","まっこうくじら","sperm whale","マッコウクジラは、通常、海岸沖の深海で見られる巨大生物であるため、陸から観察できることは稀です。","Spotting sperm whales from land is rare as these giant creatures are only usually found in deep waters off of the coast. "]
[5072,"北海道","（知床国立公園）羅臼町","温泉","男女別入浴","だんじょべつにゅうよく","gender-segregated bathing","入浴が出来る季節（5月下旬～9月中旬）には、風呂を覆うテントのようなオーニングと、男女別入浴用の仕切りが設置されています（この時期、水着は着用できません）。","During the bathing season (late-May to mid-September), bathers will find a tent-like awning over the bath and a screen for gender-segregated bathing (swimsuits cannot be worn during these periods). "]
[5073,"北海道","（知床国立公園）羅臼町","動物","シベリアシマリス","しべりあしまりす","Siberian chipmunk","羅臼町を訪れた際は、クマやシカなどの大型哺乳類だけでなく、キツネ、野ウサギ、オコジョ、シベリアシマリスといった多くの小型哺乳類にも遭遇するかもしれません。","During a trip to Rausu, visitors may encounter large mammals such as bears and deer, along with a host of other smaller mammals such as foxes, hares, stoats, and Siberian chipmunks."]
[5074,"北海道","（知床国立公園）羅臼町","動物","オショロコマ","おしょろこま","dolly varden","知床を流れる川にサクラマスやオショロコマが住んでいるという事実は、いずれの淡水種も生存には純粋な水質を必要とすることから、その水の純度が高い証しとなっています。","The presence of cherry salmon and dolly varden in Shiretoko rivers is a testament to the water’s purity, as both of these freshwater species require pristine aquatic conditions to live. "]
[5075,"北海道","（知床国立公園）羅臼町","動物","鳥類","ちょうるい","avian species","大型の絶滅危惧種であるシマフクロウやオオワシから、ハシボソミズナギドリや小型のよく鳴く鳴き鳥の大きな群れまで、知床の空には、1年を通して、さまざまな鳥類が舞っています。","From large and endangered Blakiston’s fish owls and Steller’s sea eagles to vast flocks of short-tailed shearwaters and small, vocal songbirds, the Shiretoko sky is full of avian species throughout the year."]
[5076,"北海道","（知床国立公園）羅臼町","食","旨み","うまみ","umami","その旨みで世界的に定評のある羅臼昆布の普及をテーマにした行事です。","The event promotes Rausu kombu, the local kelp that has garnered a worldwide reputation for its umami. "]
[5077,"北海道","（知床国立公園）羅臼町","工芸・美術品","手工芸品","しゅこうげいひん","handicrafts","1階には、様々な地元の農産物や手工芸品の販売コーナー、飲料や軽食を販売している小さな食事スペース、観光案内所があります。","The first floor has a range of local produce and handicrafts for sale, a small dining space selling drinks and snacks, and a tourist information counter. "]
[5078,"北海道","（知床国立公園）羅臼町","山岳","火山の山頂","かざんのさんちょう","volcano summit","森の中を抜けるハイキングコースや、火山の山頂へと続くトレッキングコースが用意されています。","There are hiking trails through forests and trekking paths to volcano summits."]
[5079,"北海道","（知床国立公園）羅臼町","動物","トド","とど","Steller’s sea lion","春から秋にかけてはヒグマが餌を求めて海岸沿いを移動し、夏には鳴き鳥のさえずりが森を明るくし、冬には大型のワシやトドがこの地域へ渡り、クジラ類は1年を通して根室海峡の深海を巡回します。 ","Brown bears forage along the coast between spring and autumn, songbirds brighten the forests with their song in summer, large eagles and Steller’s sea lions migrate to the area in winter, and whale species patrol the deep waters in the Nemuro Strait year-round. "]
[5080,"北海道","（知床国立公園）羅臼町","その他","クマ目撃","くまもくげき","bear sightings","羅臼町に2か所あるビジターセンターでは、最近のクマ目撃情報や気象警報に関する重要な情報を提供しており、ハイキングに関する貴重なアドバイスも提供しています。","Rausu’s two visitor centers provide important information on recent bear sightings and weather warnings and can offer valuable hiking advice. "]
[5081,"北海道","（知床国立公園）羅臼町","食","羅臼昆布","らうすこんぶ","Rausu kombu","体験には、魚の競り市ツアー（ウニの下準備、うに丼の試食）と、羅臼海岸にのみ育つ貴重な昆布、羅臼昆布の収穫と加工に関する学習が含まれています。","Experiences include a fish auction tour; preparing, and sampling sea urchin over rice; and learning about the harvesting and processing of Rausu kombu—a rare type of kelp that only grows off the Rausu coast."]
[5082,"北海道","（知床国立公園）羅臼町","動物","シマフクロウ","しまふくろう","Blakiston’s fish owl","世界最大のフクロウであるシマフクロウは、羅臼の森に育つ高木に巣をつくります。","The rare Blakiston’s fish owl—the world’s largest owl—nests in the large trees in Rausu’s forests. "]
[5083,"北海道","（知床国立公園）羅臼町","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神","かみ","kami","神道は、自然界の生命力を表す神の崇拝を中心としています。","The Shinto religion is centered around the worship of kami, which are expressions of life forces in the natural world. "]
[5084,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","その他","移住","いじゅう","migrated","この期間に、いくつかの動物種が、ユーラシア大陸から北海道に渡ってきました。","Several animal species migrated from Eurasia to Hokkaido during that period."]
[5085,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","自然現象","氷河","ひょうが","glaciation","釧路の地質は、氷河や海面の変化など、火山活動の影響を受けてきました。","The geology of Kushiro has been influenced by glaciation, changing sea levels, and volcanic activity. "]
[5086,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","その他","展延性","てんえんせい","prehensile","タピールは、豚に似た大型の草食哺乳類であり、細長く、前延性の鼻を持っています。","The tapir is a large, herbivorous mammal resembling a pig, but with an elongated, prehensile snout. "]
[5087,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","泥炭","でいたん","peat","泥炭は、湿地や湿地帯で、湿った状態と低温で枯れた植物の物質が十分に分解されないようにするために生成されます。","Peat is created in wetlands and bogs when wet conditions and cold temperatures prevent dead plant matter from decomposing fully. "]
[5088,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","高原・湿原・原野","湿地","しっち","wetland","日本最大の湿地帯を形成する原始的な低地環境は、約6,000年前に海面が低下して以来、ほとんど変化していません。","The primitive lowland environment, forming the largest wetland area in Japan, has changed little since sea levels fell around 6,000 years ago"]
[5089,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","高原・湿原・原野","フェン","ふぇん","fen","常に水気のあるフェンには地下水が湧き、ヨシとスゲで覆われています。","The permanently wet fen areas are fed by groundwater, and are covered by reed grasses and sedges. "]
[5090,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","動物","イトウ","いとう","ito","サハリンタイメン（フーチョペリイ、日本ではイトウと呼ばれている）は、淡水魚の中では日本最大の種類です。","The Sakhalin taimen (Hucho perryi, called ito in Japanese) is the largest species of freshwater fish in Japan. "]
[5091,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","植物","ヤチボウズ","やちぼうず","yachibozu","釧路湿原の湿原には、ヤチボウズと呼ばれるスゲの群生地が点在しています。","The fens of the Kushiro Wetlands are dotted with clumps or tussocks of sedge called yachibozu. "]
[5092,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","動物","エゾカオジロトンボ","えぞかおじろとんぼ","ezokaojiro tonbo","湿地帯には、国の天然記念物に指定されているエゾカオジロトンボをはじめとする絶滅危惧種の昆虫が生息しています。","The wetlands are home to endangered insects protected as Natural Living Monuments of Japan, including the ezokaojiro tonbo dragonfly (Leucorrhinia intermedia ijimai) "]
[5093,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","植物","マリモ","まりも","marimo","マリモは、淡水藻類（Aegagropila linnaei）の一種で、球状に成長する珍しい形態をしています。","Marimo are rare spherical growth forms of a species of freshwater algae (Aegagropila linnaei). "]
[5094,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","動物","シベリアサンショウウオ","しべりあさんしょううお","adaptation","シベリアサンショウウオ（Salamandrella keyserlingii）は、氷点下40度の寒さに適応することで注目されています。","The Siberian salamander (Salamandrella keyserlingii) is remarkable for its adaptation to temperatures as cold as 40°C below zero."]
[5095,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","その他","生息地","せいそくち","habitats","定期的な調査により、釧路湿原に生息する昆虫の生息状況を知ることができます。","Regular surveys offer insight into the habitats of insects living in the Kushiro Wetlands. "]
[5096,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","動物","スズメバチ","すずめばち","Japanese giant hornet","釧路には数種類のスズメバチが生息しており、その中には世界最大級のスズメバチ（ベスパ・マンダリニア・ジャポニカ）も含まれています。","There are several species of hornet in Kushiro, including one of the world’s largest, the Japanese giant hornet (Vespa mandarinia japonica)."]
[5097,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","その他","ギリギリ","ぎりぎり","rasp","夏の終わりには、ヒヨドリバッタ（Gampsocleis ussuriensis）のギリギリと聞こえる鳴き声が湿地周辺の草原を埋め尽くします。","At the end of summer, the rasp of the long-horned grasshopper (Gampsocleis ussuriensis) fills the grasslands around the wetlands."]
[5098,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","その他","絶滅","ぜつめつ","extinction","アイヌの人々は伝統的にエゾシカを食用にしていましたが、明治時代には本土からの入植者によって絶滅寸前まで追い詰められました。","The Ainu people traditionally hunted Yezo deer for food, but during the Meiji era (1868–1912), the animals were hunted to near extinction by settlers from the mainland. "]
[5099,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","キムンカムイ","きむんかむい","kimun kamuy","アイヌの先住民族は、熊を山の神（アイヌ語ではキムンカムイ）と考えています。","The indigenous Ainu people consider bears to be mountain gods (kimun kamuy in the Ainu language). "]
[5100,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","動物","渡り鳥","わたりどり","migratory","オオワシ（Haliaeetus pelagicus）は、冬の間にロシア東部からやってくる渡り種です。","The Steller’s sea eagle (Haliaeetus pelagicus) is a migratory species that arrives from eastern Russia during the winter. "]
[5101,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","その他","固有種","こゆうしゅ","endemic","北海道東部の環境は多様で、湿地や草原、森林、岩場の海岸線などには、固有種や渡り鳥などの多様な鳥類が生息しています。","The environment in eastern Hokkaido is diverse, with wetlands, grasslands, forests, and rocky coastlines supporting a broad range of endemic and migratory bird species. "]
[5102,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","動物","トガリネズミ","とがりねずみ","shrew","トガリネズミはネズミに似ていますが、モグラやハリネズミとより密接な関係にあります。","Shrews resemble mice but are more closely related to moles and hedgehogs. "]
[5103,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","動物","海洋生物","かいようせいぶつ","marine animals","カニは北海道を代表する海洋生物であり、漁師にとっては有利な漁獲物です。","The crab is one of the most iconic marine animals of Hokkaido, and a lucrative catch for fishermen. "]
[5104,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","動物","ゴマフアザラシ","ごまふあざらし","ice floes","ゴマフアザラシ流氷の上で繁殖し、夏にはオホーツク海の流氷で北海道にやってきます。","Spotted seals (Phoca largha) breed on ice floes and arrive in Hokkaido in summer on drift ice from the Sea of Okhotsk."]
[5105,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","動物","産卵","さんらん","spawn","北海道では釧路から知床までの東海岸沿いの河川で産卵しています。","In Hokkaido, pink salmon spawn in rivers along the east coast from Kushiro to Shiretoko. "]
[5106,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","動物","マスサーモン","ますさーもん","masu salmon","サクラマスとも呼ばれるマスサーモンは、生涯の半分を川で淡水魚として過ごした後、海に回遊します。","Masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou), also called cherry salmon, live half their life in a river as freshwater fish before migrating to the ocean. "]
[5107,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","自然現象","生物多様性","せいぶつたようせい","biological richness","岩場の生物多様性には、多くの要因が関係している。","A number of factors contribute to the biological richness of the rocky side."]
[5108,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","動物","軟体動物","なんたいどうぶつ","mollusks","柔らかい砂地は、巨大なエゾホタテガイ（Patinopecten yessoensis）などの軟体動物にとって理想的な環境です。","The soft, sandy bed is the ideal environment for mollusks such as the giant Ezo scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis)."]
[5109,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","食","かまぼこ","かまぼこ","kamaboko","通常、魚の肉はミンチにして加工し、かまぼこや魚肉ソーセージなどを作ります。","The flesh of the fish is usually minced and processed to make kamaboko (fish cake) and fish sausage. "]
[5110,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","動物","溯河性魚類","さくかせいぎょるい","anadromous","シシャモは溯河性魚類で、海から淡水に移動して産卵することを意味します。","Shishamo are anadromous, meaning that they migrate from the sea to freshwater to spawn. "]
[5111,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","食","昆布","こんぶ","kelp","釧路湾の岩礁海岸の昆布は、食用としての価値に加えて、波の打ち寄せる波から小魚を守り、大型の捕食者から身を守る役割を果たしています。","In addition to its value as a food source, kelp protects smaller fish from buffeting waves and provides shelter from larger predators along the rocky coast of Kushiro Bay"]
[5112,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","動物","鯨類","くじらるい","cetaceans","ミンククジラは鯨類（クジラ、イルカ、イルカ、イルカを含むグループ）で、何百万年も前に陸から海へと移行した海洋哺乳類です。","Minke whales are cetaceans (a group which includes whales, dolphins, and porpoises), marine mammals that transitioned from land to sea many millions of years ago. "]
[5113,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","その他","ひげ","ひげ","baleen","ミンククジラのように、毎日数トンのオキアミをケラチンでできたブラシ状のひげでろ過して口の中に入れています。","Like minke whales, they use brush-like baleen plates made of keratin to filter several tons of krill into their mouths every day."]
[5114,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","その他","埋葬方法","まいそうほうほう","burial practices","このように、円形の穴の中にしゃがんだ状態で埋葬されていることは、縄文時代中期の埋葬方法と一致しています。","The arrangement of these skeletons in crouched positions in circular pits is consistent with the burial practices of the mid-Jomon period. "]
[5115,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","史跡","土器片","どきへん","pottery fragments","薩門時代の土器片はより薄く、表面は滑らかで焦げ目がついていました。","Pottery fragments of the Satsumon period were thinner, with smooth, burnished surfaces. "]
[5116,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","食","稲作","いなさく","cultivation","貿易によって金物などの新技術が取り入れられたものの、北海道の気候が寒すぎたこともあり、稲作は定着しませんでした。","Though some new technologies, such as metal tools, were adopted through trade, rice cultivation did not take root, in part because Hokkaido’s climate was too cold. "]
[5117,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","その他","刻まれた模様","きざまれたもよう","incised patterns","釧路で発見された擦文土器には、木のへらで刻まれた模様があります。","Satsumon pottery found in Kushiro has incised patterns made with a wooden spatula."]
[5118,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","史跡","湖州鏡","こしゅうしん","Koshu mirror","この鏡は「湖州鏡」として知られています。その背面に、「こしゅうしん」と読める文字を含む中国語の銘刻があるためです。","It is known as a Koshu (Huzhou) mirror due to the Chinese inscription on the back, which includes Chinese characters that read Koshu-shin (Huzhou)."]
[5119,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","家来","けらい","retainer","当初は松前家の家来がアイヌと直接取引をしていました。","In the beginning, retainers of the Matsumae family traded directly with the Ainu."]
[5120,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","建造物等","吹鳴器","すいめいき","sounder","\"吹鳴器\"と呼ばれるラッパ状の部分は、圧縮空気を増幅させて低周波の警告音を発生させていました。\n","The trumpet-shaped part, known as a “sounder,” amplified compressed air to create a low-frequency warning tone. "]
[5121,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","その他","バチ","ばち","bachi","名前の由来は、東北地方の方言で「短い」という意味の「バチ」に由来するという説があります。","There is a theory that the name derives from the word bachi, meaning “short” in Tohoku dialect. "]
[5122,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","その他","友子","ともこ","tomoko","鉱夫たちは、友子と呼ばれる作業班を組織し、それぞれの班の長は先輩鉱夫が監督する役割を担っていました。","Miners organized themselves into work teams called tomoko (“friendship groups”), each headed by a senior miner in a supervising role. "]
[5123,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","乗物","木造トロール船","もくぞうトロールせん","sailing trawler","川崎船は、帆のある頑丈な木造トロール船であり、荒海でも漕げるような櫓を備えていました。","Kawasaki boats (Kawasaki-sen) were sturdy wooden sailing trawlers with oars that could handle rough seas. "]
[5124,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","工芸・美術品","刺し子","さしこ","sashiko","このコートは、藍色の綿や麻を何層にも重ねてキルティングする際に使われる「刺し子」にちなんで名づけられました。","The coats were named for sashiko, or “little stabs,” a type of running stitch used to quilt together layers of indigo cotton or hemp. "]
[5125,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","その他","流入","りゅうにゅう","influx","新聞が創刊され、植民者の流入に対応するために店が増えました。","A newspaper was established, and more stores opened to cater to the influx of settlers."]
[5126,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","その他","士気を下げる","しきをさげる","demoralize","市街地への激しい攻撃の目的は、人々の士気を下げることだったと考えられます。","The heavy attack on the downtown area is believed to have been aimed at demoralizing the population. "]
[5127,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","その他","ポンポン","ぽんぽん","ponpon","熱球エンジンを搭載した船は、エンジンのリズミカルな音からポンポン船と呼んでいました。","Boats with a hot-bulb engine were called ponpon boats for the rhythmical sound of the engine. "]
[5128,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","その他","開拓地","かいたくち","frontier settlements","この列車は、開拓地のライフラインであり、人を釧路に、農作物や乳製品を市場に運ぶ役割を果たしていました。","These trains were lifelines for frontier settlements, transporting people to Kushiro and crops and dairy products to market."]
[5129,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","その他","根幹","こんかん","rooted","彼らの文化は、自然界に対する精神的な畏敬の念に根幹にあります。","Their culture is rooted in a spiritual reverence for the natural world."]
[5130,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","工芸・美術品","装飾品","そうしょくひん","ornamentation","ネックレスやイヤリング、腕輪などのアクセサリーは、アイヌの人々が装飾品や護符として身につけています。","Accessories such as necklaces, earrings and armlets are worn by Ainu people as ornamentation and as protective amulets. "]
[5131,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","その他","工夫して","くふうして","resourceful","アイヌ文化では、入手可能な原材料を工夫して使います。","Available raw materials are resourcefully used in Ainu culture. "]
[5132,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","カムイ","かむい","kamuy","アイヌでは、人間の世界には山、谷、火、水、植物、動物などあらゆるものに存在するカムイ（精霊）が訪れると伝統的に信じられています。","Ainu traditionally believe that the human world is visited by kamuy (spirits) that are found in everything, including mountains, valleys, fire, water, plants and animals. "]
[5133,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","動物","丹頂","たんちょう","tancho","丹頂（タンチョウ）は、日本で繁殖する唯一の在来種の鶴です。","The tancho, or Japanese crane (Grus japonensis)—also known as the red-crowned or red-crested crane—is the only resident crane species that breeds in Japan. "]
[5134,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","その他","象徴","しょうちょう","symbolize","釧路の希少なニホンヅルの個体数を象徴するデザインです。","The design symbolizes Kushiro’s rare population of Japanese cranes."]
[5135,"北海道","（釧路湿原国立公園）釧路市多言語化推進協議会","社会","狩猟採集社会","しゅりょうさいしゅうしゃかい","hunter-gatherer","縄文時代を特徴づける狩猟採集社会が続きました。","The hunter-gatherer society that characterized the Jomon period continued."]
[5136,"青森県","（三陸復興国立公園）種差海岸インフォメーションセンター運営協議会","島しょ","蕪島","かぶしま","Kabushima","神聖な島・蕪島は種差海岸の最北端に位置しています。","The sacred island of Kabushima is located at the northern end of the Tanesashi Coast."]
[5137,"青森県","（三陸復興国立公園）種差海岸インフォメーションセンター運営協議会","海岸・岬","種差海岸","たねさしかいがん","Kabushima","神聖な島・蕪島は種差海岸の最北端に位置しています。","The sacred island of Kabushima is located at the northern end of the Tanesashi Coast."]
[5138,"青森県","（三陸復興国立公園）種差海岸インフォメーションセンター運営協議会","動物","ウミネコ","うみねこ","umineko\nblack-tailed gulls","蕪島はこの島のシンボルであるウミネコ（Laurus crassirostris）の重要な繁殖地です。","Kabushima is an important breeding ground for umineko, the black-tailed gulls (Larus crassirostris) that are symbols of the island."]
[5139,"青森県","（三陸復興国立公園）種差海岸インフォメーションセンター運営協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","蕪嶋神社","かぶしまじんじゃ","Kabushima Jinja Shrine","蕪島休憩所に面した丘の上には、鎌倉時代（1185-1333）に創建された蕪嶋神社があります。","Kabushima Jinja Shrine, visible atop the hill opposite the Rest Area, dates back to the Kamakura period (1185–1333)."]
[5140,"青森県","（三陸復興国立公園）種差海岸インフォメーションセンター運営協議会","レジャー・アクティビティ","蕪島海水浴場","かぶしまかいすいよくじょう","Kabushima Swimming Area","蕪島海水浴場","Kabushima Swimming Area"]
[5141,"青森県","（三陸復興国立公園）種差海岸インフォメーションセンター運営協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","西宮神社","にしのみやじんじゃ","Nishinomiya Jinja Shrine","西宮神社","Nishinomiya Jinja Shrine"]
[5142,"青森県","（三陸復興国立公園）種差海岸インフォメーションセンター運営協議会","建造物等","葦毛崎展望台","あしげざきてんぼうだい","Ashigezaki Observatory","葦毛崎展望台は、葦毛崎に立つ砦のような建物で、海抜22メートルの険しい崖の上から種差海岸を見下ろしています。","Ashigezaki Observatory, a fort-like structure on Cape Ashigezaki, overlooks the Tanesashi Coast from atop a rugged cliff rising 22 meters above sea level."]
[5143,"青森県","（三陸復興国立公園）種差海岸インフォメーションセンター運営協議会","海岸・岬","中須賀","なかすか","Nakasuka","「花の渚」として知られる中須賀は、葦毛崎展望台から少し歩いたところにあります。","Nakasuka, known as the “shore of flowers,” is a short walk from Ashigezaki Observatory."]
[5144,"青森県","（三陸復興国立公園）種差海岸インフォメーションセンター運営協議会","海岸・岬","大須賀海岸","おおすかかいがん","Osuka Beach","2.3kmにわたって広がる大須賀海岸は、東北地方にある端から端まで歩いて横断できる海岸の中で最大級の浜です。","Osuka Beach is 2.3 kilometers long, making it one of the largest stretches of beach in the Tohoku region that can be traversed entirely on foot."]
[5145,"青森県","（三陸復興国立公園）種差海岸インフォメーションセンター運営協議会","海岸・岬","白浜","しらはま","Shirahama Swimming Beach","白浜は、大須賀から海岸沿いに少し行ったところにあります。","Shirahama Swimming Beach is just down the coast from Osuka Beach."]
[5146,"青森県","（三陸復興国立公園）種差海岸インフォメーションセンター運営協議会","海岸・岬","田村崎","たむらざき","Cape Tamurazaki","田村崎","Cape Tamurazaki"]
[5147,"青森県","（三陸復興国立公園）種差海岸インフォメーションセンター運営協議会","岩石・洞窟","白岩","しらいわ","Shiraiwa","海岸のそばにある高さ20mほどの大きな岩の名称である「白岩」とは、白い岩（white rock）という意味です。","Shiraiwa, the name of the massive 20-meter-tall boulder by the shore, means “White Rock.”"]
[5148,"青森県","（三陸復興国立公園）種差海岸インフォメーションセンター運営協議会","海岸・岬","淀の松原","よどのまつばら","Yodo no Matsubara\nYodo Pine Grove","淀の松原は、かつて馬の放牧地でした。","Yodo no Matsubara, or Yodo Pine Grove, was once pastureland for horses."]
[5149,"青森県","（三陸復興国立公園）種差海岸インフォメーションセンター運営協議会","岩石・洞窟","こうもり穴","こうもりあな","Komori Ana\nBat Hole","こうもり穴は、淀の松原を通る遊歩道のメインルートから外れたところにあります。","Komori Ana, or Bat Hole, lies off the main trail through Yodo no Matsubara."]
[5150,"青森県","（三陸復興国立公園）種差海岸インフォメーションセンター運営協議会","海岸・岬","種差天然芝生地","たねさしてんねんしばふち","Tanesashi Natural Lawn","種差天然芝生地は、淀の松原を抜けたところにあります。","The Tanesashi Natural Lawn is located beyond the Yodo Pine Grove."]
[5151,"青森県","（三陸復興国立公園）種差海岸インフォメーションセンター運営協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","厳島神社","いつくしまじんじゃ","Itsukushima Jinja Shrine","厳島神社は、大久喜漁港から突き出した小さな半島の先端に鎮座しています。","Itsukushima Jinja Shrine sits atop a small peninsula jutting out from Okuki harbor."]
[5152,"青森県","（三陸復興国立公園）種差海岸インフォメーションセンター運営協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","館神社","たてじんじゃ","Tate Jinja Shrine","館神社が立っている場所には、かつて、500年以上前に建てられた道仏館という丘城がありました。","Tate Jinja Shrine stands on the site of what was once Dobutsu Fort, built here over 500 years ago."]
[5153,"青森県","（三陸復興国立公園）種差海岸インフォメーションセンター運営協議会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","道仏館","どうぶつかん","Dobutsu Fort","館神社が立っている場所には、かつて、500年以上前に建てられた道仏館という丘城がありました。","Tate Jinja Shrine stands on the site of what was once Dobutsu Fort, built here over 500 years ago."]
[5154,"青森県","（三陸復興国立公園）種差海岸インフォメーションセンター運営協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","寺下観音","てらしたかんのん","Terashita Kannon Temple","寺下観音は、約1300年前、鎌倉時代（1185-1333）に創建されました。","Terashita Kannon Temple was built about 1,300 years ago during the Kamakura period (1185–1333)."]
[5155,"青森県","（三陸復興国立公園）種差海岸インフォメーションセンター運営協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","灯明堂","とうみょうどう","Tomyodo Temple","灯明堂は、天然痘に侵された八戸藩主の回復および海上安全を祈願するために1730年に建立されました。","Tomyodo Temple was built in 1730 to pray for the recovery of the lord of Hachinohe, who was afflicted with smallpox, as well as to ensure safety at sea."]
[5156,"青森県","（三陸復興国立公園）種差海岸インフォメーションセンター運営協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","五重ノ塔跡 ","ごじゅうのとうあと","Remains of the Five-Tiered Pagoda ","五重ノ塔跡 ","Remains of the Five-Tiered Pagoda "]
[5157,"青森県","（三陸復興国立公園）種差海岸インフォメーションセンター運営協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","潮山神社","うしおやまじんじゃ","Ushioyama Jinja Shrine","潮山神社は、剣の神である経津主神（ふつぬしのみこと）を祀っています。","Ushioyama Jinja Shrine is dedicated to Futsunushi no Mikoto, the Shinto deity of swords."]
[5158,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）月山ビジターセンター運営協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","秘教的な信仰体系","ひきょうてきなしんこうたいけい","esoteric belief system","明治時代 (1868～1912年) の初期に行われた改革において、この秘教的な信仰体系は、私たちが知る現在の神道に組み込まれました。","In the course of reforms instituted in the early part of the Meiji era (1868–1912), this esoteric belief system was incorporated into what we now know as Shinto."]
[5159,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）月山ビジターセンター運営協議会","その他","通行できない","つうこうできない","impassable","冬には雪が多く、飯豊の多くの地域は通行できなくなります。","In winter, heavy snow makes much of Iide impassable. "]
[5160,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）月山ビジターセンター運営協議会","その他","朱色","しゅいろ","vermillion","修験者は、その後すぐに、川にかかった朱色の橋を歩いて渡ります。","Shortly afterwards, ascetics walk across a vermillion bridge spanning a river. "]
[5161,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）月山ビジターセンター運営協議会","岩石・洞窟","捕獲岩","ほかくいわ","xenoliths","過去の噴火を明らかにする物質の1つが捕獲岩です。捕獲岩とは、まだ液体であるマグマの中に捕らえられた、それより古い岩のかけらのことです。","One material that reveals past eruptions is xenoliths, or fragments of older rocks that become trapped within magma when it is still fluid. "]
[5162,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）月山ビジターセンター運営協議会","その他","病","やまい","maladies","周辺の村に住む人々は、二日酔いから関節炎まで、幅広い病に対する自然療法について、修験道の行者の経験を信頼していました。","People living in surrounding villages relied on Shugendo practitioners’ experience for natural remedies for a range of maladies from hangovers to arthritis. "]
[5163,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）月山ビジターセンター運営協議会","山岳","偽高山帯","ぎこうざんたい","pseudo alpine zone","一般的には、標高2,500m以上がこのような高山帯に相当しますが、月山では1,300m付近でも高山植物が生育します。それゆえ、これは「偽高山帯」と呼ばれます。","It is, therefore, referred to as a “pseudo alpine zone,” a rare phenomenon that occurs when particularly harsh conditions create an environment more common at higher elevations. "]
[5164,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）月山ビジターセンター運営協議会","自然現象","変態する","へんたいする","metamorphosing","オオルリボシヤンマ (学名: Aeshna nigroflava) は、大型のトンボです。この種は、トンボに変態する前に幼虫として池や湿原で2～3年を過ごし、厳しい月山の冬を生き延びます。","Aeshna nigroflava is a large dragonfly that spends two to three years in ponds and marshes as a nymph, surviving the harsh Mt. Gassan winters, before metamorphosing into a dragonfly."]
[5165,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）月山ビジターセンター運営協議会","動物","羽","はね","plumage","オスの色鮮やかな羽は、伴侶を惹きつけるのに役立ちます。","The males’ colorful plumage helps them to attract a mate. "]
[5166,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）月山ビジターセンター運営協議会","その他","道化","どうけ","trickster","日本の民話に重要な道化役として出てくるタヌキ (学名: Nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus) もよく見られます。","Raccoon dogs called tanuki (Nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus), an important figure in Japanese folklore as a trickster, are also common. "]
[5167,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）月山ビジターセンター運営協議会","動物","モリアオガエル","もりあおがえる","Forest green tree frogs (Rhacophorus arboreus)","モリアオガエル (学名: Rhacophorus arboreus) は、この地域の沼地や池でよく見られます。","Forest green tree frogs (Rhacophorus arboreus) are commonly seen in the area’s swamps and ponds. "]
[5168,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）月山ビジターセンター運営協議会","その他","危険","危険","treacherous","彼の旅はほとんどが徒歩で、時に危険なものでした。道は限られており、道中の宿は質素なものでした。","His journey, undertaken mostly on foot, was sometimes a treacherous one, with few paths and minimal accommodation along the way. "]
[5169,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）月山ビジターセンター運営協議会","その他","クマ除けの鈴","くまよけのすず","bear bell","クマ除けの鈴を携帯しておくと、クマに人間の存在を警告でき、普通はクマを避けられます。","Carrying a bear bell alerts them of a human presence and typically keeps them away. "]
[5170,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）月山ビジターセンター運営協議会","その他","襲われる","おそわれる","buffeted","月山の険しい西側は日本海のほうを向いており、頻繁に強い風に襲われます。","Its steep western side faces the Sea of Japan, and is frequently buffeted by strong winds. "]
[5171,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）月山ビジターセンター運営協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","アニミズム的","あにみずむてき","animistic","修験道の信仰はアニミズム的であり、自然の神性という考えを中心としています。","Shugendo beliefs are animistic, centering on the idea of the divinity of nature. "]
[5172,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）月山ビジターセンター運営協議会","その他","止血帯","しけつたい","tourniquet","また、この布は、怪我の止血が必要な場合に止血帯として役立ちます。","This cloth can also serve as a tourniquet if an injury requires compression. "]
[5173,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）月山ビジターセンター運営協議会","人物・人名・役職名","平将門","たいらのまさかど","Taira no Masakado","最初の塔は、平将門 (903～940年) の命令によって建設されたと信じられています。平将門は、天皇への反乱を率いた武士です。","The original pagoda is believed to have been built by the order of Taira no Masakado (903–940), a warrior who led a rebellion against the emperor. "]
[5174,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）月山ビジターセンター運営協議会","その他","自給自足","じきゅうじそく","self-sufficiency","修験者は、自給自足と創意工夫に価値を置いており、山にある食べられるものは何でも利用していました。","They valued self-sufficiency and resourcefulness and used anything edible on the mountains. "]
[5175,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）月山ビジターセンター運営協議会","その他","整備された","せいびされた","groomed","出羽三山にあるいくつかの小さなスキー場では、バックカントリー・スキー、整備されたスロープ、そして家族で利用できるウインターアクティビティが楽しめます。","Several small ski areas in these mountains offer backcountry skiing, groomed slopes, and family-friendly winter recreation. "]
[5176,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）月山ビジターセンター運営協議会","動物","夜行性","やこうせい","nocturnal","このツアーでは、羽黒山の杉の山林に棲むムササビなどの夜行性生物を観察することができます。","These excursions allow visitors to see the area’s nocturnal wildlife, such as flying squirrels, which live in tree hollows in Mt. Haguro’s cedar forests."]
[5177,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）月山ビジターセンター運営協議会","山岳","出羽三山","でわさんざん","Dewa Sanzan, “the three mountains of Dewa.”","月山 (1,984 m)と湯殿山 (1,500 m)同様、 羽黒山（414m）は、古くから、「出羽三山」と呼ばれ崇められてきました。","Together with Mt. Gassan (1,984 m) and Mt. Yudono (1,500 m), Mt. Haguro (414 m) has been venerated since ancient times as Dewa Sanzan, “the three mountains of Dewa.” "]
[5178,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）月山ビジターセンター運営協議会","自然現象","外来種","がいらいしゅ","invasive","リードする専門のガイドは、山に生息する外来種を訪問者が見分けるのを手助けしてくれます。","The expert guides who lead these walks help visitors to identify invasive species on the mountain. "]
[5179,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）月山ビジターセンター運営協議会","その他","少額の費用","しょうがくのひよう","modest fee","少額の費用と事前の登録が必要です。","There is a modest fee, and advanced registration is required. "]
[5180,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）月山ビジターセンター運営協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","白装束","しろしょうぞく","shiroshozoku","参加者は死者が葬式で着用する服に似た白一色の伝統的な衣装(白装束)を身につけて三関三渡を歩きます。","Participants walk the Sankan Sando pilgrimage wearing traditional all-white outfits that are similar to funerary attire worn by the dead (shiroshozoku). "]
[5181,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）月山ビジターセンター運営協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","霊的な再生","れいてきなさいせい","spiritual rebirth","過去の死から霊的な再生へと向かう巡礼の旅を象徴する服装です。","This attire symbolizes the pilgrims’ journey, from the death of their past to the spiritual rebirth. "]
[5182,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）月山ビジターセンター運営協議会","レジャー・アクティビティ","テレインパーク","てれいんぱーく","terrain","また、ハーフパイプ、フリースタイル用のテレインパーク（スノーパーク）、そり乗り場もあります。","It also has a half pipe, a terrain park (snow park) for freestyle skiing, and a sledding area."]
[5183,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）環境省関東地方環境事務所","植物","カマツカ","かまつか","Oriental photinia","高さ7メートルにもなるバラ科の落葉樹であるカマツカの繊細な白い花が5月から6月にかけて森に現れる。","The delicate white flowers of Oriental photinia (kamatsuka), a member of the rose family that grows up to 7 meters tall, appear in the forest from May until June."]
[5184,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）環境省関東地方環境事務所","動物","オニヤンマ","おにやんま"," golden-ringed dragonfly","８月から9月上旬にかけては、東アジア原産で、体長82～114ミリメートルの最大級のトンボであるオニヤンマが森を飛び交う。","Huge golden-ringed dragonflies—82 to 114 millimeters long, the largest type native to East Asia—flit through the forest between August and early September.","※単数形は「dragonfly」で、複数形は「dragonflies」です。"]
[5185,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）環境省関東地方環境事務所","植物","アケビ","あけび","chocolate vine","どんぐり、ブナの実、栗の他、サルナシやアケビなどがツキノワグマの食料になる。","They feed on acorns, beech nuts, and chestnuts, as well as on the fruits of hardy kiwi and chocolate vine."]
[5186,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）環境省関東地方環境事務所","動物","アカゲラ","あかげら","great spotted woodpecker","コゲラ、アカゲラ、アオゲラ、オオアカゲラの４種のキツツキは、一年を通して那須平成の森に生息している。","Four species of woodpecker—the Japanese pygmy woodpecker, great spotted woodpecker, Japanese green woodpecker, and white-backed woodpecker—inhabit Nasu Heisei-no-mori Forest year-round."]
[5187,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）環境省関東地方環境事務所","自然現象","生態系の多様性","せいたいけいのたようせい","ecological diversity","この生態系の多様性を維持し、研究することは、平成の森の2番目のエリアである学びの森の目的である。","Preserving and studying this ecological diversity is the goal of the Forest Learning Zone, Heisei-no-mori’s second area."]
[5188,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）環境省関東地方環境事務所","その他","観察及び調査プロジェクト","かんさつおよびちょうさプロジェクト","monitoring and research project","栃木県立博物館は、1997年から2001年にかけて実施した観察及び調査プロジェクトで、3,492種の野生生物を特定した。","Between 1997 and 2001, the Tochigi Prefectural Museum conducted a monitoring and research project that identified 3,492 species of wildlife."]
[5189,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）環境省関東地方環境事務所","食","自家焙煎した","じかばいせんした","house-roasted","フィールドセンターの屋外コーヒーショップでは、地元の企業が少量ずつ自家焙煎したコーヒーを日替わりで提供している。","Coffee lovers will appreciate the Field Center’s outdoor coffee shop, where local companies offer small-batch, house-roasted beverages on a rotating basis."]
[5190,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）環境省関東地方環境事務所","植物","コアジサイ","こあじさい","nettle-leaved hydrangea","春にはツツジが一面に咲き、6月にはハイキングコース沿いにコアジサイの淡い青色の花が咲く。","Azaleas bloom throughout the area in spring, and the frail, pale-blue flowers of nettle-leaved hydrangeas appear along the trails in June."]
[5191,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）環境省関東地方環境事務所","自然現象","生き物たちの相互依存性","いきものたちのそうごいぞんせい","interdependence of life","ガイドは、森に棲む生き物たちの相互依存性について説明し、珍しい樹皮の質感やこだまする鳥の鳴き声、葉をつぶしたときの渋い香りなど詳細に解説してくれる。","The guides explain the interdependence of life in the forest and point out details such as an unusual bark texture, an echoing bird call, or the astringent scent of a crushed leaf."]
[5192,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）環境省関東地方環境事務所","その他","季節に合わせて内容が変わる","きせつにあわせてないようがかわる","(to) tailor to the season","無料ミニプログラム（ふれあいの森での30分間のツアー）は予約不要で、季節に合わせて内容が変わる。","Free short programs (30-minute tours in the Recreation Zone) require no reservation and are tailored to the season.","※「tailored ~」は形容詞として使われます。「(to) tailor ~」は不定詞の動詞形."]
[5193,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）環境省関東地方環境事務所","年中行事","ご即位","ごそくい","ascension to the throne","こうして、約560ヘクタール（御用邸地の半分）が明仁天皇のご即位20周年の記念として2008年に環境省に移管された。","Accordingly, a tract of about 560 hectares—half of the entire Imperial Villa property—was transferred to the Ministry of the Environment in 2008 to commemorate the twentieth anniversary of Emperor Akihito’s ascension to the throne."]
[5194,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）環境省関東地方環境事務所","動物","ヤマアカガエル","やまあかがえる","montane brown frog","ヤマアカガエルとアズマヒキガエルは、5月中旬に産卵する。モリアオガエルは、卵をスポンジ状の泡に包み、水面に垂れ下がる木の枝に吊るす。","Montane brown frogs and Japanese common toads spawn in mid-May.","※単数形は「frog」で、複数形は「frogs」です。"]
[5195,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）環境省関東地方環境事務所","植物","ナラタケ","ならたけ","honey fungus","ヒラタケ、ムキタケ、ナラタケなど、さまざまな種類のキノコが余笹川沿いの渓谷に生えている。","Many varieties of mushrooms—such as oyster mushrooms, late oyster mushrooms, and honey fungus—are found in ravines and along the Yosasa River."]
[5196,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）環境省関東地方環境事務所","動物","アサギマダラ","あさぎまだら","chestnut tiger　（butterfly)","渡り蝶のアサギマダラは、見事な淡青、黒、そして赤褐色をした蝶で、夏と秋に山岳地帯で見られる。","The migratory chestnut tiger—a stunning pale-blue, black, and russet butterfly found in montane zones in summer and fall—flutters among thistles and flowers of the daisy family.","※正式な種名には「butterfly」は含まれていませんが、わかりやすくするために追加することができます。"]
[5197,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）環境省関東地方環境事務所","植物","クマザサ","くまざさ","kuma bamboo grass","枯れ木の幹のあいだから、雪に覆われたクマザサの緑と白の葉が顔を出す。","Among the trunks of bare trees, the dense green-and-white leaves of kuma bamboo grass peek through the snow."]
[5198,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）環境省関東地方環境事務所","博物館・美術館","体験型の展示","たいけんがたのてんじ","hands-on exhibit","子供たちは、ゲーム、植物や昆虫の標本、それぞれの季節に聞こえる音、動物の手の形をした手袋、人工的に再現された林床などの体験型の展示に触れることができる。","Children can explore a hands-on exhibit that includes games, specimens of plants and insects, the sounds of the seasons, gloves in the shape of animal hands, and an artificial re-creation of the forest floor."]
[5199,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）環境省関東地方環境事務所","岩石・洞窟","噴気孔","ふんきこう","fumarole","茶臼岳山頂付近と山麓の噴気孔（火山の噴火口）からは、絶えず硫黄ガスが放出されている。","Fumaroles (volcanic vents) near the peak and base of Mt. Chausu constantly emit sulfurous gas.","※単数形は「fumarole」で、複数形は「fumaroles」です。"]
[5200,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）環境省関東地方環境事務所","山岳","溶岩ドーム","ようがんドーム","lava dome","驚くべきことに、現在の形状が形成されたのは最近のことである。山頂の溶岩ドームは、1408年から1410年に起こった一連の噴火により形成された。","Today, Mt. Chausu is the only active volcano in the range. Its current shape is startlingly recent: the lava dome at its peak was created by a series of eruptions between 1408 and 1410."]
[5201,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）環境省関東地方環境事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","無限地獄","むげんじごく","Infinite Hell","あるいは、「無限地獄」と呼ばれる噴気孔から亜硫酸ガスの蒸気が噴き出している地点までハイキングすると約40分かかる。","Alternatively, hikers can take the 40-minute path to Mugen Jigoku, or “Infinite Hell,” where fumaroles emit clouds of sulfurous gases.","※地名なので、単語は大文字にする。"]
[5202,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）環境省関東地方環境事務所","動物","ハゼ科の魚類","はぜかのぎょるい","fish in the goby family","明仁天皇はハゼ類の分類を長年研究されており、ハゼ科の魚類の分類に関する論文は30冊以上を超える。","Emperor Akihito has published over 30 treatises on the classification of fish in the goby family, which he has studied for many years."]
[5203,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）環境省関東地方環境事務所","動物","野鳥繁殖事業","やちょうはんしょくじぎょう","wild bird breeding project","栃木県の野鳥繁殖事業の一環として、両陛下によるご放鳥が行われる。","Their Majesties participate in the release of birds into the wild as part of Tochigi Prefecture’s wild bird breeding project."]
[5204,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）環境省関東地方環境事務所","植物","ゴヨウツツジ","ごようつつじ","cork azalea","那須高原に群生するゴヨウツツジの白い花は、プリンセスのお印となっている。","The white flowers of the cork azalea, which bloom in clusters on the Nasu Highlands, are the Princess’s personal symbol."]
[5205,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）環境省関東地方環境事務所","植物","植物採取","しょくぶつさいしゅ","collecting plants","植物採取の際、昭和天皇は自然の生息環境をそこなわないように配慮されていた。","When collecting plants, Emperor Shōwa was careful not to disturb their natural habitats."]
[5206,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）環境省関東地方環境事務所","動物","変形菌","へんけいきん","slime molds\n","昭和天皇は、変形菌（真菌に似たアメーバ様原生生物）、海産無セキツイ動物、植物を研究され、那須の植物に関する本を4冊出版された。","Emperor Shōwa researched slime molds (amoeboid protists, similar to fungi), marine invertebrates, and plants, and he published four volumes on the plants of Nasu."]
[5207,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）環境省関東地方環境事務所","芸能・興行・イベント","九尾太鼓","きゅうびだいこ","Nine-Tailed Taiko","そこでは、金色のかつらと狐の仮面を身に着けた白装束の太鼓奏者が、巨大な焚き火の前で特別な太鼓（九尾太鼓と呼ばれる）を叩く。","Torch-bearing participants lead the way from Nasu Onsen Shrine to the Sesshō-seki, where drummers dressed in white with golden wigs and fox masks beat special taiko drums (called “Nine-Tailed Taiko”) in front of a huge bonfire.","特殊な種類のドラムなので、名前は大文字でなければなりません。"]
[5208,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）環境省関東地方環境事務所","岩石・洞窟","殺生石","せっしょうせき","the Killing Stone","アクセスの良いこのエリアには、殺生石のほかにも文化的、歴史的に深い意味を持つ場所がいくつか存在する。","In addition to the Killing Stone, this easily accessible area has several sites with deep cultural and historical significance.","※引用符の使用は任意ですが、「the」は省略してはいけません。"]
[5209,"栃木県","（日光国立公園）環境省関東地方環境事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","山岳修験者","さんがくしゅげんじゃ","mountain ascetics","おおるり温泉は、かつて山岳修験者が身を清めるために利用していたもので、1860年に発見された。","Originally reserved for mountain ascetics who used it for self-purification, Ōruri Onsen was discovered in 1860.","※単数形は「ascetic」で、複数形は「ascetics」です。"]
[5210,"神奈川県","（富士箱根伊豆国立公園（箱根地域））環境省関東地方環境事務所","植物","ススキ","すすき","silvergrass (susuki)","高地での多様性の例としては、秋の半ばに草が銀色に変わる頃に旅行客に人気の場所である仙石原のススキ畑や、地下マグマで加熱された蒸気やガスが絶えず立ち昇る大涌谷の岩だらけの斜面などがあります。","The variation at higher altitudes includes the fields of silvergrass (susuki) at Sengokuhara, a popular tourist destination when the grass turns silvery in mid-autumn, and the rocky slopes of Owakudani, where steam and gases heated by underground magma rise constantly into the air."]
[5211,"神奈川県","（富士箱根伊豆国立公園（箱根地域））環境省関東地方環境事務所","テーマ施設等","ジオパーク","じおぱーく","geopark","ジオパークとは、重要な地質学的遺産を持ち、自然を丸ごと楽しめる場所をいいます。","A geopark refers to a unified natural area with a significant geological heritage."]
[5212,"神奈川県","（富士箱根伊豆国立公園（箱根地域））環境省関東地方環境事務所","植物","ホオノキ","ほおのき","Japanese bigleaf magnolia (honoki)","園地内の代表的な植物をご紹介しましょう。ホオノキは、葉が長さ最大40センチ、幅最大20センチになります。マメザクラは、箱根で最も一般的な桜であり、小さくておいしい実をつけます。","Typical plants in the park include the Japanese bigleaf magnolia (honoki), which lives up to its name with leaves up to 40 centimeters long and 20 centimeters wide, and the Fuji cherry (mamezakura), which produces small and tasty fruit and is one of the most common cherry trees in Hakone."]
[5213,"神奈川県","（富士箱根伊豆国立公園（箱根地域））環境省関東地方環境事務所","植物","マメザクラ","まめざくら","Fuji cherry (mamezakura)","園地内の代表的な植物をご紹介しましょう。ホオノキは、葉が長さ最大40センチ、幅最大20センチになります。マメザクラは、箱根で最も一般的な桜であり、小さくておいしい実をつけます。","Typical plants in the park include the Japanese bigleaf magnolia (honoki), which lives up to its name with leaves up to 40 centimeters long and 20 centimeters wide, and the Fuji cherry (mamezakura), which produces small and tasty fruit and is one of the most common cherry trees in Hakone."]
[5214,"神奈川県","（富士箱根伊豆国立公園（箱根地域））環境省関東地方環境事務所","植物","スギ","すぎ","Japanese cedar","スギやヒノキの植林地を確保するためにススキの牧草地は取り除かれました。","the silvergrass meadows were cleared to make room for planted forests of Japanese cedar and hinoki cypress."]
[5215,"神奈川県","（富士箱根伊豆国立公園（箱根地域））環境省関東地方環境事務所","植物","サンショウバラ","さんしょうばら","sansho-bara (Rosa hirtula) rose","窓のすぐ外には花の広場があり、春にはスミレや富士桜、5月と6月にはサンショウバラ（Rosa hirtula）、夏の後半には各種アザミなど、季節ごとにさまざまな花が咲きます。","Immediately outside the windows is Hana no Hiroba (“Flower Field”), where different flowers bloom in every season, including violets and Fuji cherry blossoms in spring, sansho-bara (Rosa hirtula) roses in May and June, and various kinds of thistles later in summer. "]
[5216,"神奈川県","（富士箱根伊豆国立公園（箱根地域））環境省関東地方環境事務所","動物","ツグミ","つぐみ","dusky thrush (tsugumi)","ツグミは、背中と羽が暗褐色で、白い腹に黒い点があります。","Winged visitors include the dusky thrush (tsugumi), distinguished by its dark brown back and wings and white belly with black dots"]
[5217,"神奈川県","（富士箱根伊豆国立公園（箱根地域））環境省関東地方環境事務所","動物","イカル","いかる","Japanese grosbeak (ikaru)","イカルは灰色で頭が黒く、くちばしが明るい黄色です。","...the Japanese grosbeak (ikaru), which is gray with a black head and a bright yellow bill."]
[5218,"神奈川県","（富士箱根伊豆国立公園（箱根地域））環境省関東地方環境事務所","植物","ヒメシャラ","ひめしゃら","himeshara (Tall stewartia)","滑らかな薄茶色の幹を持つヒメシャラもあります。","...and himeshara (Tall stewartia) trees with their smooth light brown trunks."]
[5219,"神奈川県","（富士箱根伊豆国立公園（箱根地域））環境省関東地方環境事務所","植物","ハコネコメツツジ","はこねこめつつじ","Hakone kometsutsuji (Tsusiophyllum tanakae) heath","鐘型の白い花が特徴のハコネコメツツジ（Tsusiophyllum tanakae）などがあります。","the Hakone kometsutsuji (Tsusiophyllum tanakae) heath, distinguished by its bell-shaped white flowers."]
[5220,"神奈川県","（富士箱根伊豆国立公園（箱根地域））環境省関東地方環境事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","平和の鳥居","へいわのとりい","Heiwa no Torii (“Torii of Peace”)","箱根神社の前には、水上に真っ赤な平和の鳥居があります。","the bright red Heiwa no Torii (“Torii of Peace”) in the water in front of Hakone Shrine."]
[5221,"神奈川県","（富士箱根伊豆国立公園（箱根地域））環境省関東地方環境事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","九頭龍神社","くずりゅうじんじゃ","Kuzuryu Shrine","芦ノ湖の守護神として拝まれている九頭龍神に捧げられた九頭龍神社","Kuzuryu Shrine, dedicated to the nine-headed dragon god worshiped as the protector of Lake Ashi.","※九頭龍神社の一般的な説明としてご参照ください。"]
[5222,"神奈川県","（富士箱根伊豆国立公園（箱根地域））環境省関東地方環境事務所","温泉","温湯","ぬくゆ","Nukuyu","年間を通して水温が22°C～24°Cで安定している一連の温水池である温湯","Nukuyu, a series of warm-water ponds that stay a steady 22°C–24°C year-round thanks to a nearby hot spring."]
[5223,"長野県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","高原・湿原・原野","上高地","かみこうち","Kamikochi highland valley","最も人気のあるコースは、素晴らしい山の眺望と比較的軽い登山が組み合わさった上高地からのアプローチです。","The most popular route is the approach from Kamikochi highland valley, which combines excellent mountain views with a relatively light climb."]
[5224,"長野県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","温泉","のりくら温泉郷","のりくらおんせんきょう","Norikura Onsen Village","のりくら温泉郷は乗鞍高原に位置し、その多くの温泉は三つの源泉を利用しています。","Norikura Onsen Village is located on the Norikura Kogen highlands, and its many hot springs are tapped from three sources. "]
[5225,"長野県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","温泉","沢渡温泉","さわんどおんせん","Sawando Onsen\n","現在沢渡温泉となっているエリアは、鎌倉時代（1185–1333）に各地方と幕府の所在地であった鎌倉の町とを結んでいた、かつての幹線道路網上の宿場町でした。","The area that is now Sawando Onsen was once a post town on the old highway network that connected various parts of the country with the city of Kamakura, the seat of the shogunate during the Kamakura period (1185–1333). "]
[5226,"長野県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","温泉","平湯温泉","ひらゆおんせん","Hirayu Onsen","平湯温泉では四十の異なる源泉がお湯を供給しています。","Forty different sources supply the waters at Hirayu Onsen."]
[5227,"長野県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","温泉","新穂高温泉","しんほたかおんせん","Shin-Hotaka Onsen","新穂高温泉は周囲の山々の眺望を楽しめる露天風呂が多いことで人気があります。","Shin-Hotaka Onsen is popular for its many outdoor baths offering views of the surrounding mountains."]
[5228,"長野県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","建造物等","河童橋","かっぱばし","Kappa Bridge","梓川の支流である全長300メートルの清水川は、象徴的な河童橋の少し上流で梓川から分岐します。","The Shimizu, a 300-meter-long tributary of the Azusa River, splits from the Azusa just upstream of the iconic Kappa Bridge. "]
[5229,"長野県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","植物","バイカモ","ばいかも","baikamo","夏の期間には、最も清らかな水の中でしか育たないJapanese water buttercup（バイカモ）の白くきらめく花々が、この浅い川を埋め尽くします。","During the summer months, the brilliant white flowers of the Japanese water buttercup (baikamo), which grows only in the cleanest water, fill the shallow river. ","※「baikamo」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「Japanese water buttercup」も使用することも可能。"]
[5230,"長野県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","河川・渓谷","徳本峠","とくごうとうげ","Tokugo Pass","徳本峠は上高地渓谷とその南にある島々集落の間を走る登山道上にあります。","The Tokugo Pass is part of a mountain trail that runs between the Kamikochi valley and the village of Shimashima to the south. "]
[5231,"長野県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","山岳","岳沢","だけさわ","Dakesawa","岳沢は傾斜の緩やかな氷河の谷で、その麓にはぬかるんだ沼沢地があります。","Dakesawa is a gently sloping glacial valley with marshy swampland as its base. "]
[5232,"長野県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","建造物等","岳沢小屋","だけさわごや","Dakesawa Goya Hut","2010年に登山者用の宿泊施設として建てられた山小屋、岳沢小屋は、標高2,170メートルの場所にあります。","The Dakesawa Goya Hut, a mountain lodge built in 2010 to accommodate hikers, stands at an elevation of 2,170 meters."]
[5233,"長野県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","建造物等","釜トンネル","かまとんねる","Kama Tunnel","釜トンネルは人里離れた上高地渓谷に車でアクセスする唯一の方法です。","The Kama Tunnel provides the only vehicle access to the remote Kamikochi valley. "]
[5234,"長野県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","高原・湿原・原野","一の瀬園地","いちのせえんち","Ichinose Meadow","一の瀬園地は乗鞍高原にある広大な開けた平地です。","Ichinose Meadow is a large, open flatland in the Norikura Kogen highlands. "]
[5235,"長野県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","滝","善五郎の滝","ぜんごろうのたき","Zengoro Falls","善五郎の滝は43,000年ほど前に起こった乗鞍岳の前回の噴火の後に、火山岩から生じました。","Zengoro Falls formed from volcanic rock after the last eruption of Mt. Norikura some 43,000 years ago. "]
[5236,"長野県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","建造物等","安房トンネル","あぼうとんねる","Abo Tunnel","全長4.5キロメートルの安房トンネルは中部山岳国立公園境界内の北アルプスを貫き、国道158号線上で長野県と岐阜県を結んでいます。","The 4.5-kilometer Abo Tunnel connects Nagano and Gifu Prefectures on National Route 158, passing through the Northern Japanese Alps within the borders of Chubusangaku National Park. "]
[5237,"長野県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","山岳","安房峠","あぼうとうげ","Abo Pass","安房峠は国道158号線上の山越え部にあり、県境の真上に位置しますが、その下の山々の内部では激しい火山活動が起こっており、それがこのトンネルの工事を困難にしました。","Excessive volcanic activity in the mountains underneath the Abo Pass, a mountain crossing on National Route 158 that sits atop the prefectural border, made construction on the tunnel difficult."]
[5238,"長野県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","植物","五色ヶ原の森","ごしきがはらのもり","Goshikigahara Forest","五色ヶ原の森は乗鞍岳の北西斜面3,000ヘクタールを覆う豊かな生態系です。","Goshikigahara Forest is a flourishing ecosystem that covers over 3,000 hectares on the northwestern slope of Mt. Norikura. "]
[5239,"長野県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","高原・湿原・原野","桔梗ヶ原","ききょうがはら","Kikyogahara Plain","桔梗ヶ原は乗鞍岳の山頂付近に広がっています。","The Kikyogahara Plain stretches out near the top of Mt. Norikura."]
[5240,"長野県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","山岳","鏡平","かがみだいら","Kagamidaira Plain ","鏡平は海抜2,300メートルの場所にあり、新穂高温泉と双六岳を結ぶ小池新道からアクセスすることができます。","Kagamidaira Plain stands at 2,300 meters above sea level, and is accessible from the Koike Shindo Trail which connects Shin-Hotaka Onsen with Mt. Sugoroku."]
[5241,"長野県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","湖沼","鏡池","かがみいけ","Kagami-ike","これらの池の中でも最も大きいものは当然のことながらカガミイケ（「鏡の池」）と呼ばれています。","The largest of these ponds is appropriately called Kagami-ike (“mirror pond”)."]
[5242,"長野県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","レジャー・アクティビティ","池新道","こいけしんどう","Koike Shindo Trail","鏡平は海抜2,300メートルの場所にあり、新穂高温泉と双六岳を結ぶ小池新道からアクセスすることができます。","Kagamidaira Plain stands at 2,300 meters above sea level, and is accessible from the Koike Shindo Trail which connects Shin-Hotaka Onsen with Mt. Sugoroku."]
[5243,"長野県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","山岳","双六岳","すごろくだけ"," Mt. Sugoroku","鏡平は海抜2,300メートルの場所にあり、新穂高温泉と双六岳を結ぶ小池新道からアクセスすることができます。","Kagamidaira Plain stands at 2,300 meters above sea level, and is accessible from the Koike Shindo Trail which connects Shin-Hotaka Onsen with Mt. Sugoroku."]
[5244,"長野県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","滝","平湯大滝","ひらゆおおたき","The Great Hirayu waterfall","平湯大滝は、平湯温泉温泉郷の近くにあります。","The Great Hirayu waterfall is close to the Hirayu Onsen hot-spring village. "]
[5245,"長野県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","山岳","四ツ岳火山","よつだけかざん","Yotsudake volcano","この滝は数万年前に、四ツ岳火山から流れ下った溶岩が硬い堆積岩の上に飛び出して固まり、滝を形成することになる二枚の岩壁とU字型の滝つぼを同時に作ったときに誕生しました。","The waterfall came into existence tens of thousands of years ago, when lava flowing down from the Yotsudake volcano solidified where it ran onto hard, sedimentary rock and created the two walls of rock from which the falls formed, along with a U-shaped basin."]
[5246,"長野県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","山岳","笠ヶ岳","かさがたけ","Mt. Kasagatake","笠ヶ岳は中部山岳国立公園の岐阜県側にあり、高さ2,898メートルに達します。","Mt. Kasagatake is on the Gifu Prefecture side of Chubusangaku National Park, and rises to 2,898 meters. "]
[5247,"長野県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","レジャー・アクティビティ","笠新道","かさしんどう","Kasa-shindo Trail","今日では、多くの登山者は新穂高温泉から頂上まで約九時間余りの笠新道をたどります。","Today, many climbers follow the Kasa-shindo Trail from Shin-Hotaka Onsen, which takes just over nine hours to the top. "]
[5248,"長野県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","レジャー・アクティビティ","クリヤ谷登山道","くりやだにとざんどう","Kuriyadani Valley Trail ","クリヤ谷登山道も山頂に続いていますが、この道は困難な場合もあるので、経験豊富な登山家のみが挑戦すべきでしょう。","The Kuriyadani Valley Trail also leads to the summit, but it can be difficult and should be attempted only by experienced mountaineers."]
[5249,"長野県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","隧通し","ついとおし","Tsuitoshi tunnel","全長20メートルの隧通しは、湯川の急流がその通り道にある石灰岩を少しずつ浸食していったことにより、何百万年もの歳月をかけて自然に形成されました。","The 20-meter-long Tsuitoshi tunnel was formed naturally over millions of years by the rushing waters of the Yu River, which has slowly eroded the limestone in its path. "]
[5250,"長野県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","河川・渓谷","湯川","ゆかわ","Yu River","全長20メートルの隧通しは、湯川の急流がその通り道にある石灰岩を少しずつ浸食していったことにより、何百万年もの歳月をかけて自然に形成されました。","The 20-meter-long Tsuitoshi tunnel was formed naturally over millions of years by the rushing waters of the Yu River, which has slowly eroded the limestone in its path. "]
[5251,"長野県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","滝","竜神の滝","りゅうじんのたき","Ryujin no Taki Waterfall","竜神の滝は、何百万年もにわたる水の浸食によってできた鍾乳洞から直接噴出しています。","Ryujin no Taki Waterfall emerges directly from a limestone cavern created by millions of years of water erosion. "]
[5252,"長野県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","滝","三本滝","さんぼんだき","Sanbondaki","三本滝の三つの滝は皆、乗鞍高原を流れる一つの川の一部です。","The three falls of Sanbondaki are all part of a single river running through the Norikura Kogen highlands."]
[5253,"長野県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","食","信州そば","しんしゅうそば","Shinshu soba","長野そばはこの地方のかつての国名にちなんで信州そばと呼ばれています。","Nagano soba is called Shinshu soba after the old provincial name for the area."]
[5254,"長野県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","食","トウジそば","とうじそば","toji soba","現在の松本市周辺の地域には、トウジそばと呼ばれ、通常秋や冬の寒い季節にふるまわれる、この地域独特のスタイルのそばがあります。","The region around what is now the city of Matsumoto has its own special style of soba called toji soba, usually served in the cold months of fall and winter. ","※「toji」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[5255,"長野県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","食","朴葉味噌","ほおばみそ","hoba miso","朴葉味噌は、岐阜県飛騨地方の郷土料理です。","Hoba miso is a local dish of the Hida region of Gifu Prefecture.","※「hoba」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[5256,"長野県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","山岳","常念岳","じょうねんだけ","Mt. Jyonen","常念岳は中部山岳国立公園の長野県側に位置し、その鋭い輪郭はピラミッドにも似ています。","Mt. Jyonen stands on the Nagano Prefecture side of Chubusangaku National Park, its sharp outline resembling a pyramid. ","※すでに用語集にありますが、表記が異なります。"]
[5257,"長野県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","湖沼","大正池","たいしょういけ","Taisho Pond","1915年の大噴火によって起きた土砂崩れが、V字型の梓川を堰き止めて大正池を生み、現在の上高地の景観を形作りました。","A major eruption in 1915 helped shape the current landscape of Kamikochi, causing a landslide which dammed the V-shaped Azusa River to create Taisho Pond."]
[5258,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）環境省信越自然環境事務所","自然現象","隆起","りゅうき","uplifted","公園の北東にある谷川連峰（たにがわれんぽう）は、約440万年前に隆起し始め、その後、水や雪、氷河の移動による浸食作用によって特徴的なU字谷が作り出された。","The range was uplifted beginning some 4.4 million years ago, after which erosion by water, snow, and glacial movement carved out its characteristic U-shaped valleys."]
[5259,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）環境省信越自然環境事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","修験者","しゅげんじゃ","mountain ascetics","登山道はもともと修験者が使っていた山道で、ハイキングコースは1930年代に最初に整備された。","The first hiking paths originated as trails used by mountain ascetics."]
[5260,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）環境省信越自然環境事務所","自然現象","豪雪","ごうせつ","abundant snowfall","このような条件が豪雪をもたらし、その溶けた雪が大河川である利根川（とねがわ）の源流となり、80,000ヘクタールを超える森林を育んでいる。","These conditions create abundant snowfall, which melts to form the headwaters of the mighty Tone River and feeds over 80,000 hectares of forest."]
[5261,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）環境省信越自然環境事務所","その他","侵入種","しんにゅうしゅ","invasive species","1月には、スノーシューフェスティバルの一環として、谷川岳山麓でパウダースノーを体験するガイドツアーが開催されるほか、2013年からは毎年8月に、エコツーリズム推進協議会の指導のもと、45名を超えるボランティアが侵入種であるオオハンゴンソウの除去活動を行っている。","In January, a guided tour of the powder snow at the foot of Mt. Tanigawadake is held as part of the Snowshoe Festival, and every August since 2013, more than 45 volunteers have worked under the guidance of the Ecotourism Promotion Council to eradicate the cutleaf coneflower, an invasive species."]
[5262,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）環境省信越自然環境事務所","その他","規制員","きせいいん","park staff","また、入り口にはマイカー規制員も常駐しており、情報提供や安全確認を行っている。","Park staff have also been stationed at the entrance to provide information and conduct safety checks."]
[5263,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）環境省信越自然環境事務所","植物","間伐","かんばつ","thinning","定期的に間伐を行わないと、森は木々が生い茂って暗くなり、低木や草が育ちにくくなる。","Without regular thinning, forests become dense and dark, and it becomes difficult for shrubs and grasses to grow."]
[5264,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）環境省信越自然環境事務所","自然現象","モレーン","モレーン","moraine","これらの谷の下部斜面には岩と未固結の岩屑が堆積してできたモレーンと呼ばれる土手が形成されており、谷を削った氷河の痕跡となっている。新潟県と群馬県にまたがる連峰。","Embankments of accumulated rock and unconsolidated debris, called moraines, formed on the valleys’ lower slopes and are evidence of the glaciers that carved them."]
[5265,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）環境省信越自然環境事務所","山岳","稜線","りょうせん","ridgeline","稜線では常に強風が吹き付けるため、非常に寒く、台風に見舞われたような状態になっている。","The harsh winds at the ridgeline regularly create freezing, typhoon-like conditions."]
[5266,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）環境省信越自然環境事務所","高原・湿原・原野","低木地","ていぼくち","shrublands","夏は標高の高い草地や低木地で、冬場は落葉樹の森で獲物を捕らえる。","Golden eagles hunt in the high-altitude meadows and shrublands in the summer, and in the deciduous forests during winter."]
[5267,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）環境省信越自然環境事務所","動物","翼長・翼幅","よくちょう・よくふく","wingspan","イヌワシは、獲物を見つけるためその長い翼長を活かして気流に乗り、広範囲にわたって滑空し、空から狩りを行う。","Eagles hunt from the air, using their large wingspans to glide on ascending air currents over broad areas in search of prey."]
[5268,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）環境省信越自然環境事務所","河川・渓谷","川べり","かわべり","the river’s edge","また川べりでは、鮮やかな色をしたカワセミや、見事な冠羽のあるヤマセミも見ることができる。","The brilliantly colored common kingfisher and strikingly plumed crested kingfisher can be spotted along the river’s edge."]
[5269,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）環境省信越自然環境事務所","その他","赤い斑紋","あかいはんもん","bright red markings","ヤマカガシは毒を持つヒキガエルを捕食することで毒素を得ており、両側面にある鮮やかな赤い斑紋で見分けることができる。","The tiger keelback, which gets its toxin from eating poisonous toads, can be identified by the bright red markings on its sides."]
[5270,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）環境省信越自然環境事務所","植物","倒れた木・倒木","たおれたき・とうぼく","fallen tree","林冠に新しくできた隙間から入ってくる日光によって、倒れた木の代わりに若木が育ち、また、腐敗した木はキノコ類の養分となる。","The light through the new gap in the canopy nurtures saplings to replace the fallen tree, and the decaying beech feeds mushrooms, which in turn are eaten by animals like mice and rabbits that make their homes in the rotting trunks."]
[5271,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）環境省信越自然環境事務所","植物","芽を出す","めをだす","germinate","このように雪に覆われることで、実はネズミなどの動物から守られ、生き残り、春に芽を出すことができるのである。","This snow-cover protects the beech nuts from animals like mice, which allows them to survive and germinate in spring."]
[5272,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）環境省信越自然環境事務所","山岳","山開き","やまびらき","ceremony to “open” the mountain","現在では山岳関係者が7月第1日曜日に山開きの式典と安全登山祈願祭を執り行い、奥の院へ参拝登山を行っている。","That practice no longer continues, but a formal ceremony to “open” the mountain is performed each year on the first Sunday in July. This is followed by a prayer for safety."]
[5273,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）環境省信越自然環境事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","懸仏","かけぼとけ","mirrors that have been carved with images of the resident deities","神社の中には、これらの仏像が浮き彫りにされて磨かれた鏡（懸仏）がある。","Inside the shrine are polished mirrors that have been carved with images of the resident deities."]
[5274,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）環境省信越自然環境事務所","史跡","番所","ばんじょ","checkpoint","1632年には、徳川幕府（1603～1868）が峠を閉鎖し、軍事・警察上の理由から、取り締まりのために、湯桧曽（ゆびそ）と清水の両側に番所が設けられた。","In 1632, the Tokugawa shogunate (1603–1868) closed the pass and erected checkpoints on both sides at Yubiso and Shimizu as part of a large-scale restructuring of the road system."]
[5275,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）環境省信越自然環境事務所","その他","安全予防策","あんぜんよぼうさく","safety precaution\n","1966年には、登山者37人が亡くなったことをきっかけに、安全予防策の不備に対する強い抗議が巻き起こった。","In 1966, the deaths of 37 climbers led to an outcry over the lack of safety precautions."]
[5276,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）環境省信越自然環境事務所","その他","初心者","しょしんしゃ","novice","愛好家の人気が高まるにつれて事故の数も増えたため、谷川岳には「魔の山」という悪評が立つようになったが、それでもベテラン・初心者を問わず、危険な挑戦を止めることはなかった。","As the hobby’s popularity increased, so too did the accident rate, and Mt. Tanigawadake became infamous as a “cursed mountain.” This did not prevent veterans and novices alike from taking on the challenge.","※beginnerとも言います "]
[5277,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）環境省信越自然環境事務所","その他","馬蹄形","ばていけい","horseshoe-shaped","その結果、みなかみでは雪が大量に降り（年間平均100日以上）、谷川連峰東部の馬蹄型の地形によってその水が利根川の主な支流の1つである湯檜曽（ゆびそ）川へと注ぎ込むのである。","As a result, Minakami receives over 100 snowy days a year, on average, and the horseshoe-shaped topography of the eastern Tanigawa Mountain Range funnels that water into the Yubiso River, one of the main tributaries of the Tone River."]
[5278,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）環境省信越自然環境事務所","自然現象","雪解け","ゆきどけ","snowmelt","みなかみは、急流を下るラフティングやキャニオニングを観光客向けに始めた国内最初の場所であり、町内には利根川下り体験の事業を展開している企業が複数ある。雪解け水が川に流れ込む春には、その流れは、流れの激しさを表す世界基準6段階のうちグレード4程度になる。","Minakami has been a pioneer of commercial whitewater rafting and canyoning in Japan, and there are several companies that offer the opportunity to ride down the Tone River. In spring, when the river is fed by snowmelt, sections of its current are ranked approximately grade 4 on an international difficulty scale of 6."]
[5279,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）環境省信越自然環境事務所","温泉","肌の調子を高める","はだのちょうしをたかめる","promote healthy skin","硫黄温泉は、マグネシウム、カルシウム、ナトリウムなどの海水成分を含んでおり、血圧を下げ、肌の調子を高めると考えられている。","Sulfate hot springs have seawater components, such as magnesium, calcium, and sodium, and they are believed to lower blood pressure and promote healthy skin."]
[5280,"長野県","（上信越高原国立公園）環境省信越自然環境事務所","その他","天候が許せば","てんこうがゆるせば","Weather allowing","天候が許せば、小さなスキーリフトに乗って天神山と展望台に足を伸ばすことができる。","Weather allowing, a smaller ski lift can be used to reach Mt. Tenjin and its observation platform."]
[5281,"三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","鎮守の森","ちんじゅのもり","sacred forest","山がちな内陸部には、天照大御神を祀る日本で最も格の高い神社、伊勢神宮と、それを取り囲む緑豊かな鎮守の森があります。","The mountainous inland area includes Ise Jingu—the country’s foremost jinja (Shinto shrine), dedicated to the deity Amaterasu Omikami—and the lush, sacred forests that surround it."]
[5282,"三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","郷土景観","里山","さとやま","satoyama","このことが最もよくみてとれるのは、おそらく、公園のあちこちにある里山（山間の農村とその周辺の環境）や里海（海辺の漁村とそれをとりまく海）で営まれている持続可能性の高い生活様式でしょう。 ","This is perhaps best seen in the sustainable lifestyles of local satoyama—mountain farming villages and their environs—and satoumi—seaside fishing communities and their surrounding waters—found throughout the park. "]
[5283,"三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","郷土景観","里海","さとうみ","satoumi","このことが最もよくみてとれるのは、おそらく、公園のあちこちにある里山（山間の農村とその周辺の環境）や里海（海辺の漁村とそれをとりまく海）で営まれている持続可能性の高い生活様式でしょう。 ","This is perhaps best seen in the sustainable lifestyles of local satoyama—mountain farming villages and their environs—and satoumi—seaside fishing communities and their surrounding waters—found throughout the park. "]
[5284,"三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","食","御食国","みけつくに","Miketsu Kuni","遠い昔この場所に暮らしていた人々は、この地域の豊かさをよく知っており、「神への供え物の地」という意味の「御食国（みけつくに）」と呼んでいました。","Ancient inhabitants of the area were certainly aware of its natural riches, calling it Miketsu Kuni, the “Land of Divine Offerings.”"]
[5285,"三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","宮域林","きゅういきりん","Kyuikirin","日本で最も格の高い神社、伊勢神宮を取り囲む鎮守の森は「宮域林」と呼ばれています。","The sacred forest surrounding Ise Jingu, the country’s foremost jinja (Shinto shrine), is called the Kyuikirin."]
[5286,"三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","年中行事","式年遷宮","しきねんせんぐう","Shikinen Sengu","長年の間、この森から切り出された木材は、1300年の歴史を持つ「式年遷宮」という儀式に使われてきました。20年毎に行われる式年遷宮では、伊勢神宮の主要な社殿が、伝統的な工法を用いて丸ごと前身と全く同じつくりに建て直されます。","Lumber harvested from this forest has long been used in the 1,300-year-old ritual of Shikinen Sengu, in which the major shrine buildings and other structures of Ise Jingu are completely rebuilt with traditional craftsmanship to the same specifications every 20 years. "]
[5287,"三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","その他","海女","あま","Ama","海女は、呼吸装置を使わず海中から様々な水産物を採集する女性素潜り漁師です。","Ama are female free divers who harvest a wide variety of sea life from the ocean without the use of breathing apparatus. "]
[5288,"三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","その他","徒人","かちど","kachido method","「徒人」では、網のかごを水面に浮かべ、ロープをとりつけます。海女はこのロープを自分の腰に巻き、収穫したものをかごに入れます。","In the kachido method, a rope is attached to a net basket that floats on the surface. Divers tie this rope around their waist, and place their catch in the basket."]
[5289,"三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","人物・人名・役職名","舟人","ふなど","funado method","「舟人」は一般的に夫婦で行われます。夫は船で待機し、海女はおもりを使って素早く潜ります。","The funado method is typically practiced by married couples: the husband waits on a boat while the ama makes a quick dive using a weight. "]
[5290,"三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","動物","外套膜組織","がいとうまくそしき","ｍantle tissue","軟体動物の殻で作られた核と外套膜組織を真珠貝の母貝内部に人工的に移植します。","Mantle tissue and a bead made from the shell of a mollusk are surgically placed inside a mother of pearl oyster. "]
[5291,"三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","動物","母貝","ぼがい","mother of pearl oyster","軟体動物の殻で作られた核と外套膜組織を真珠貝の母貝内部に人工的に移植します。","Mantle tissue and a bead made from the shell of a mollusk are surgically placed inside a mother of pearl oyster. "]
[5292,"三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","年中行事","大注連縄張神事","おうしめなわはりしんじ","Oshimenawahari Shinji","この縄は年に3回、「大注連縄張神事」と呼ばれる儀式で張り替えられます。","The rope is replaced three times a year in a ritual called Oshimenawahari Shinji."]
[5293,"三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","年中行事","初穂曳","はつほびき","Hatsuhobiki","そのひとつ、10月に行われる初穂曳という儀式では、収穫したばかりの米を奉納します。","The October ritual of Hatsuhobiki is one such event, in which people make offerings of newly harvested rice. "]
[5294,"三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","年中行事","しろんご祭","しろんごまつり","Shirongo Festival","7月に開催されるしろんご祭では、海女（伝統的な女性素潜り漁師）が安全と豊漁を祈願します。","Ama, the traditional female free divers, pray for safety and a bountiful catch at the Shirongo Festival in July. "]
[5295,"三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","人物・人名・役職名","水軍武将","すいぐんぶしょう","naval general","鳥羽市を代表する歴史上の人物のひとり、九鬼嘉隆（1542-1600）は、戦国時代（1467-1568）最強の水軍武将として名を馳せました。","One of the city’s most significant historical figures, Kuki Yoshitaka (1542–1600), earned his reputation as the finest naval general of the Warring States Period (1467–1568)."]
[5296,"三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","鳥羽の浮城","とばのふじょう","Floating Castle of Toba","「鳥羽の浮城」と呼ばれる鳥羽城の正門は海に面しています。","Called the “Floating Castle of Toba,” its main gate faced the sea, a unique feature not found in other Japanese castles."]
[5297,"三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大山祇神社","おおやまづみじんじゃ","Oyamazumi Jinja Shrine","大山祇神社","Oyamazumi Jinja Shrine"]
[5298,"三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","人物・人名・役職名","九鬼嘉隆","きゅうきよしたか","Kuki Yoshitaka","九鬼嘉隆（1542–1600）は、強力な戦国大名・織田信長（1534–1582）の配下となった後、海戦で武功をあげてその名を知られるようになりました。","Kuki Yoshitaka (1542–1600) rose to prominence by displaying tactical prowess in naval combat after entering the service of the powerful warlord Oda Nobunaga (1534–1582). "]
[5299,"島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","温泉","発泡性の湧水","はっぽうせいのゆうすい","effervescent spring","外には２つ、無料の足湯が置かれている。片方は、加温した三瓶温泉の湯で満たされ、もう片方は、別の発泡性の湧水から来る冷水で満たされている。","One is filled with heated Sanbe Onsen water, the other with cold water from a separate effervescent spring."]
[5300,"島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","その他","在来種","ざいらいしゅ","heirloom species","この土地で生育されるソバの種類は、在来種であり、他の地域で栽培される多くの種と比べると、野生の種族に近いものである。","The strain of buckwheat grown here is an heirloom species, closer to wild varieties than the domesticated strains common elsewhere.","※「heirloom species」は動物ではなく植物に限る"]
[5301,"島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","山岳","蒜山三座","ひるぜんさんざ","the Three Peaks of Hiruzen","蒜山高原と「蒜山の三峰」（まとめて、蒜山三座として知られる）は、山口県東部から兵庫県西部まで広がる中国山地の一部である。","The Hiruzen Highlands and the “Three Peaks of Hiruzen” (known collectively as the Hiruzen Sanza) are part of the Chūgoku Mountain Range, which stretches from eastern Yamaguchi Prefecture to western Hyōgo Prefecture.","※引用符は必ずしも必要ではありませんが、「the」は省略してはいけません。"]
[5302,"島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","植物","珪藻","けいそう","diatom","当時、この水域には、珪藻と呼ばれる非常に小さな単細胞性の藻類が生育していた。","During that time, tiny single-celled algae called diatoms lived in the waters.","※単数形は「diatom」で、複数形は「diatoms」です。"]
[5303,"島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","植物","松虫草","マツムシソウ","Japanese pincushion flowers","また、この場所では、夏の終わりにマツムシソウの花が咲く。","Japanese pincushion flowers also bloom here in late summer."]
[5304,"島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","動物","淡水二枚貝","たんすいにまいがい","freshwater bivalve","世界で最も絶滅が危ぶまれる淡水二枚貝の１つが、蒜山に住む真珠貝の一種、川真珠貝である。","One of the most critically threatened freshwater bivalves in the world is Hiruzen’s species of pearl mussel, Margaritifera laevis.","※単数形は「bivalve」で、複数形は「bivalves」です。"]
[5305,"島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","その他","山焼き","やまやき","controlled burn","蒜山では、地元の野焼きの慣習（山焼き）により、半自然草地が維持される。","In Hiruzen, the local custom of controlled burns, called yamayaki, is maintaining semi-natural grasslands.","※単数形は「burn」で、複数形は「burns」です。"]
[5306,"島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","その他","固有種","こゆうしゅ","endemic species","その一部は、固有種、つまり、この地域以外では世界中どこにも確認されない種である。","Some are endemic, meaning they are found nowhere else in the world."]
[5307,"島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","郷土景観","里山","さとやま","satoyama\n","こうして出来た村を山里と呼び、山里を囲む、野原や森林を手入れした場所は、里山と称された。","Such villages were called yamasato, and the harvested fields and forests surrounding them were termed satoyama."]
[5308,"島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","その他","再生可能な資源","さいせいかのうなしげん","renewable resource","ＣＬＴは再生可能な資源から作られるため、コンクリートに代わる、環境に優しい材料となっている。","Because CLT is made from a renewable resource, it provides an environmentally friendly alternative to concrete."]
[5309,"島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","その他","環境に配慮（の）","かんきょうにはいりょ（の）","eco-conscious","また、同時にその木材の効率的かつ環境に配慮した活用を可能にする新しい手法（例えば、クロス・ラミネイティド・ティンバー（ＣＬＴ）などの技術）を模索している。","~ while also exploring new ways of making efficient, eco-conscious use of its wood—like technologies such as cross-laminated timber (CLT).","※形容詞として使うべき"]
[5310,"島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","建造物等","プレハブ用","ぷれはぶよう","prefabricated","建築現場では、プレハブ用の特注のＣＬＴを使うことで、コンクリートの乾燥を待つことなく、すぐに構造の組み立てを開始できる。","On the construction site, buildings using prefabricated, custom-made CLT can begin assembly immediately, with no need to wait for concrete to dry."]
[5311,"島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","その他","完結型の生産ループ","かんけつがたのせいさんループ","closed production loop","そして、生成される排熱は、ＣＬＴ工場の木材乾燥炉に送られる。完結型の生産ループができているのだ。","The waste heat generated is in turn sent to the wood-drying kiln at the CLT factory, resulting in a closed production loop."]
[5312,"島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","その他","灌漑用水路","かんがいようすいろ","irrigation canal","稲田、貯水池、灌漑用水路は、渡り鳥の餌場になると同時に、カエル、ホタル、トンボなどの生物のライフサイクルにも重要な意味を持つ。","Rice fields, reservoirs, and irrigation canals provide feeding grounds for migrating birds and are important to the life cycles of creatures like frogs, fireflies, and dragonflies.","※単数形は「canal」で、複数形は「canals」です。"]
[5313,"島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","植物","藻類","そうるい","algae","この名前は日本語で、「物を洗う巻貝」という意味であり、この貝が藻類や腐敗した有機物を食べることに由来する。そして、このおかげで、池は澄みきった状態に保たれている。","In Japanese, the name means “the cleaning snail”—a reference to its consumption of algae and decaying organic matter, which keeps the pool crystal-clear."]
[5314,"島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","レジャー・アクティビティ","木の上のアスレチックコース","きのうえのあすれちっくこーす","treetop obstacle course","キャンプ場の敷地内では、お客は、日陰の多い塩釜冷泉のわきでリラックスしたり、木の上のアスレチックコース（木の間で宙に浮くように設置された、小屋、ロープ、ブランコ、ネットからなる、高さ７メートル、４階建ての遊び器具）で平衡感覚や敏捷性を試したりすることができる。","Within the campground, guests can relax by the shady Shiogama Spring or test their balance and agility in the treetop obstacle course: a 7-meter-high, four-story play structure of huts, ropes, swings, and nets suspended between the trees."]
[5315,"島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","植物","ササユリ","ささゆり","bamboo lilies","６月、登山道沿いでは、淡いピンクのササユリが咲き誇る。","In June, pale-pink bamboo lilies bloom along the trail.","※単数形は「lily」で、複数形は「lilies」です。"]
[5316,"島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","山岳","休火山","きゅうかざん","dormant volcano","上蒜山の山頂から西に登山道をおよそ半キロメートル進むと、ハイカーの前には、隣接する鳥取県の巨大な休火山、大山の最高の眺めが広がる。","About half a kilometer along the trail west of the Mt. Kami-Hiruzen summit, hikers will get the best view of Mt. Daisen, a massive dormant volcano in neighboring Tottori Prefecture."]
[5317,"島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","動物","乗用馬","じょうようば","mount","１８９８年、日本軍は、乗用馬の育成、訓練のため、蒜山の草原の２，３００ヘクタールを塀で囲った。","In 1898 the Japanese army enclosed 2,300 hectares of the Hiruzen grasslands to raise and train horses as mounts.","※単数形は「mount」で、複数形は「mounts」です。"]
[5318,"島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","植物","ススキ","すすき","silvergrass","房のある頭を持つすすきが秋風の中でさざ波を立てる様子は、秋を彷彿とさせる、心に残る光景だ。","The tufted heads of silvergrass stalks rippling in an autumn breeze are a memorable sight evocative of the season."]
[5319,"島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","食","すり鉢\n\n木製のすりこぎ","すりばち\n\nもくせいのすりこぎ","mortar\n\nwooden pestle","２名の演者のうち１人がゴマをすりつぶすためのすり鉢を、もう１人が木製のすりこぎを持ち、性器に見立てることで、男女和合を表現する。","Two performers pantomime the sex act, one holding a sesame-grinding mortar and the other a wooden pestle, stand-ins for reproductive organs."]
[5320,"島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","食","乳脂肪分","にゅうしぼうぶん","butterfat","ジャージー牛乳の乳脂肪分はおよそ５パーセントとなっており、非常に濃厚な味わいを楽しめる。","Jersey milk is particularly rich, with nearly 5 percent butterfat."]
[5321,"島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","植物","珪藻土","けいそうど","diatomaceous earth","珪藻土は、珪藻と呼ばれる非常に小さな植物性プランクトンの化石でできた、シリカを豊富に含む堆積物の層である。","Diatomaceous earth is a layer of silica-rich sediment formed from the fossils of tiny phytoplankton called diatoms."]
[5322,"島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","食","ふきの茎","ふきのくき","butterbur stems","野生の植物を採集しなければならないし、材料の一部、例えば、栗、銀杏、ふきの茎などは、丹精を込めて、ゆでて、皮をむき、浸しておく必要がある。","Wild plants need to be gathered, and some of the ingredients, like the chestnuts, ginkgo nuts, and butterbur stems, have to be painstakingly boiled, peeled, or soaked.","※単数形は「stem」で、複数形は「stems」です。"]
[5323,"島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","食","Ｂ級グルメ","ビーきゅうぐるめ","B-grade gourmet fare","元気が出る主食として長く大切にされてきた蒜山の焼きそばは、いわゆるＢ級グルメフェア（Ｂ級グルメとは、強い地元感が漂う、手頃で、心のこもった料理）の全国大会で勝利したことで、広く認知されることとなった。","Long cherished as a comforting staple, Hiruzen’s yakisoba gained wider recognition after winning a national competition for so-called B-grade gourmet fare: inexpensive, hearty dishes with a strong sense of place."]
[5324,"島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","植物","雌雄異株","しゆういしゅ","dioecious","一方、山ぶどうの場合は、雌雄異株である（すなわち、木によって、雄雌どちらの花が咲くかが決まっている）。","Yamabudo are dioecious, however, meaning each vine has either male or female flowers. ","※形容詞として使うべき"]
[5325,"島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","食","山ぶどうの酒かす","やまぶどうのさけかす","yamabudo wine lees","このショップではまた、ブランデーや、社内で製造されたその他の酒類、例えば、山ぶどうの酒かすを蒸留して作った度数が強いグラッパや、それ自体でも、カクテルにしてもおいしい、酸味のある山ぶどう果汁などを提供している。","The shop also offers brandies and other liqueurs produced in-house, such as a potent grappa made by distilling the yamabudo wine lees, and tart yamabudo juice, delicious on its own or as a cocktail mixer."]
[5326,"島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","庭園・公園","イギリス式庭園","いぎりすしきていえん","English garden","伝統的なイギリス式庭園に倣って作られた、絵のように美しいハーブ園では、約２００種類の植物を見ることができる。","The picturesque herb garden, styled after a traditional English garden, features around 200 species of plants. "]
[5327,"島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","乗物","電動自転車","じどうじてんしゃ","electric bike","マウンテンバイク、クロスバイク、ロードバイク、電動自転車、そしてタンデム自転車まで、様々な種類がある。","Rental bikes are available for all needs and skill levels, and types include mountain, cross, road, and electric bikes—even a tandem bike.","※単数形は「bike」で、複数形は「bikes」です。"]
[5328,"島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","史跡","町並み保存地区","まちなみほぜんちく","historical preservation district","勝山の商人は、本通り（現在の町並み保存地区）沿いに、美しい家、店、倉庫を建てた。","Katsuyama’s merchants built elegant homes, shops, and storehouses along the main street, which is now a historical preservation district."]
[5329,"島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","工芸・美術品","山水画","さんすいが","Chinese ink painting","滝のてっぺんから、連続する黒い火山岩の岩棚の上を、水が転がり落ちてくる。まるで、山水画の世界が現実になったかのようである。","From its crest the water tumbles down over successive ledges of black volcanic rock, like a Chinese ink painting come to life. "]
[5330,"島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","動物","ヒメマス","ひめます","Himemasu salmon","私たちヒメマスは、世界のさまざまな地域で「コカニーサーモン」と呼ばれる陸封型のサケの一種です。","We himemasu salmon are a species of landlocked salmon called kokanee salmon in some parts of the world.","「Kokanee salmon」はカナダ呼称である可能性があり（環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所より）アメリカ英語のスタンダードな表現を調査し「Himemasu salmon」としましたが、地域によっては「Kokanee salmon」と表現している場合もあります。"]
[5331,"島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","テーマ施設等","道の駅","みちのえき","roadside rest area","この数を見ると、遊園地や博物館を想像するかもしれないが、実際には、ここは路肩の休憩所、つまり道の駅である。","With those numbers, one might expect it to be an amusement park or museum, but it is actually a roadside rest area, or michi no eki."]
[5332,"島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","温泉","ホルミシス効果","ホルミシスこうか","hormetic effect","むしろ、このような天然の放射線への低線量被ばくにより、体の免疫機構を促進し、良好な健康状態を作り出す、ホルミシス効果が得られることを示す研究がある。","In fact, studies have indicated that low-dose exposure to such natural radiation has a hormetic effect, stimulating the body’s immune system and promoting good health."]
[5333,"島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","その他","交尾のための巣穴","こうびのためのすあな","mating den","これらはまた、交尾のための巣穴の役割も果たす。","These also serve as mating dens.","※単数形は「den」で、複数形は「dens」です。"]
[5334,"島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","国造り","くにづくり","nation-building","嵐の神、素盞嗚尊と、米の女神、稻田姫命、そして、縁結び国造りの神であり別名大国主とも呼ばれる、大己貴命である。","There are three kami (deities) enshrined at Fukuda: Susanoo no Mikoto, the god of storms; Kushiinadahime, a goddess of rice; and Onamuchi no Mikoto, another name for Ōkuninushi, the god of nation-building and relationships."]
[5335,"島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","その他","木目","きめ","woodgrain","一般に、従来の赤と黒の漆器の生産に用いる木材は、縦方向に切断される。この方法では、多くの基材を得ることができる一方で、木目の模様の趣を犠牲にすることになる。","In general, lumber destined for conventional red and black lacquerware production is cut lengthwise, a method that yields a greater number of bases but sacrifices the figural effect of the woodgrain."]
[5336,"島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","その他","妖怪","ようかい","supernatural being","日本の超自然界の生きもの（妖怪）の多くと同じように、すいとんには容赦ない処刑人としての側面と、地域の守り手としての二つの側面がある。","Like many of Japan’s supernatural beings (yōkai), Suiton has a dual nature: part merciless punisher, part local protector.","※単数形は「being」で、複数形は「beings」です。"]
[5337,"島根県","（大山隠岐国立公園）大山隠岐国立公園","動物","クロスズメバチ","くろすずめばち","yellowjackets","クロスズメバチ、アシナガバチ、クマバチなど、いくつかの種の幼虫とさなぎは、今日でも、蒜山で食べることができる。","The larvae and pupae of several species, including yellowjackets, paper wasps, and Japanese carpenter bees, are still eaten in Hiruzen today.","※単数形は「yellowjacket」で、複数形は「yellowjackets」です。"]
[5338,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園香川県地域多言語化対応協議会","動物","タヌキ","たぬき","tanuki raccoon dog","またそれらの植物は、ミサゴやコウモリからサルやタヌキにいたるまで、数十種の鳥類・哺乳類の棲み処を提供しています。","They in turn provide a habitat for dozens of bird and mammal species, from ospreys and bats to monkeys and tanuki raccoon dogs."]
[5339,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園香川県地域多言語化対応協議会","植物","コナラ","こなら","jolcham oak (konara)","ここでよく見られる樹木には、秋に大量のドングリが実るコナラやアベマキ、さらには春先にピンクや白の花が咲く山桜などがあります。","Common trees here include the jolcham oak (konara) and the Chinese cork oak (abemaki), which produce large amounts of acorns in autumn."]
[5340,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園香川県地域多言語化対応協議会","植物","アベマキ","あべまき","Chinese cork oak (abemaki)","ここでよく見られる樹木には、秋に大量のドングリが実るコナラやアベマキ、さらには春先にピンクや白の花が咲く山桜などがあります。","Common trees here include the jolcham oak (konara) and the Chinese cork oak (abemaki), which produce large amounts of acorns in autumn."]
[5341,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園香川県地域多言語化対応協議会","植物","ウバメガシ","うばめがし","ubame-gashi oak","より土の層が薄い急な斜面には、楕円形の葉が特徴的で丈夫な常緑樹のウバメガシが群生しています。","Steeper slopes with even thinner soil are the domain of the ubame-gashi oak, a hardy evergreen tree distinguished by its oval leaves."]
[5342,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園香川県地域多言語化対応協議会","植物","コウヤボウキ","こうやぼうき","koyaboki (“Koya broom”; Pertya scandens)","ウバメガシのねじれた枝の下によく生えているのはコウヤボウキ (Pertya scandens) です。コウヤボウキは、夏の終わりに紫がかった白い花を咲かせる、ハート型の葉を持つ小さな低木です。","Often found underneath their twisting branches is the koyaboki (“Koya broom”; Pertya scandens), a small shrub with heart-shaped leaves that produces white flowers with a purple hue in late summer."]
[5343,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園香川県地域多言語化対応協議会","書物","日本書紀","にほんしょき","Nihon shoki (The Chronicles of Japan)","その要塞化は720年に完成した日本書紀で初めて言及されています。","Fortifications on Yashima were first mentioned in the Nihon shoki (The Chronicles of Japan), completed in 720."]
[5344,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園香川県地域多言語化対応協議会","社会","屋島の戦い","やしまのたたかい","Battle of Yashima","それから数世紀後の1185年、島の東側にある壇ノ浦で、当時敵対していた平氏と源氏の間で屋島の戦いが繰り広げられ、屋島は日本の歴史における重要な転換点の場所となりました。","Centuries later, in 1185, Yashima was the site of a key turning point in Japanese history, when the Battle of Yashima was fought between the rival Taira and Minamoto samurai clans at Dan no Ura cove on the eastern side of the island."]
[5345,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園香川県地域多言語化対応協議会","郷土景観","魚見台","うおみだい","uomidai","レーダーやソナー装置が登場する以前、屋島の漁師は魚見台（「魚の見張り台」）観測所を使って、近海の魚群を判別していました。","Before the age of radar and sonar equipment, the fishermen of Yashima used uomidai (“fish lookout”) observation points to identify schools of fish in nearby waters."]
[5346,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園香川県地域多言語化対応協議会","その他","中央構造線","ちゅうおうこうぞうせん","Median Tectonic Line","およそ300万年前、日本最長の断層線である中央構造線に沿った地殻活動によって、現在の内海の南北に山脈が形成されました。","Some 3 million years ago, activity along the Median Tectonic Line, Japan’s longest fault line, formed mountain ranges north and south of where the Inland Sea is now."]
[5347,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園香川県地域多言語化対応協議会","岩石・洞窟","サヌカイト","さぬかいと","sanukite","この溶岩が固まり、サヌカイト（讃岐岩、香川県の昔の名称「讃岐国」にちなんで命名）という極めて硬い独特な黒い岩になりました。","This lava solidified into a distinctive type of extremely hard black rock called sanukite (named after Sanuki province, the old name for Kagawa Prefecture)."]
[5348,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園香川県地域多言語化対応協議会","植物","イワシデ","いわしで","iwashide (Korean hornbeam; Carpinus turczaninovii)","秋に黄と赤の鮮やかな色合いに変わる、鋸歯状の葉を持つ丈夫なイワシデ（朝鮮シデ、Carpinus turczaninovii）の木、香りのよいピンクの花が咲くチョウジガマズミ（Viburnum carlesii var. bitchiuense）といった植物がこれらに含まれます。","These plants include the iwashide (Korean hornbeam; Carpinus turczaninovii), a sturdy tree with serrated leaves that turn vivid shades of yellow and red in autumn, and the choji-gamazumi (Viburnum carlesii var. bitchiuense), a viburnum with fragrant pink blossoms."]
[5349,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）瀬戸内海国立公園香川県地域多言語化対応協議会","植物","チョウジガマズミ","ちょうじがまずみ","choji-gamazumi (Viburnum carlesii var. bitchiuense)","秋に黄と赤の鮮やかな色合いに変わる、鋸歯状の葉を持つ丈夫なイワシデ（朝鮮シデ、Carpinus turczaninovii）の木、香りのよいピンクの花が咲くチョウジガマズミ（Viburnum carlesii var. bitchiuense）といった植物がこれらに含まれます。","These plants include the iwashide (Korean hornbeam; Carpinus turczaninovii), a sturdy tree with serrated leaves that turn vivid shades of yellow and red in autumn, and the choji-gamazumi (Viburnum carlesii var. bitchiuense), a viburnum with fragrant pink blossoms."]
[5350,"宮崎県・鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","庭園・公園","霧島錦江湾国立公園","きりしまきんこうわん\nこくりつこうえん","Kirishima-Kinkowan \nNational Park","霧島錦江湾国立公園","Kirishima-Kinkowan National Park"]
[5351,"宮崎県・鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","植物","ミヤマキリシマ","みやまきりしま","Miyama-Kirishima azaleas","ミヤマキリシマ（Rhododendron kiusianum）の大群落やミヤコザサ（Sasa nipponica）も見られます。","There are also large clusters of Miyama-Kirishima azaleas (Rhododendron kiusianum) and dwarf bamboo (Sasa nipponica). "]
[5352,"宮崎県・鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","湖沼","大浪池","おおなみいけ","Onamiike","南には約5万年前に形成された広大な火口湖、大浪池があります。","To the south is a vast crater lake, Onamiike, which formed around 50,000 years ago. "]
[5353,"宮崎県・鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","人物・人名・役職名","アマテラスオオミカミ","あまてらすおおみまみ","Amaterasu Omikami","新燃岳の向こうには、アマテラスオオミカミの孫であるニニギノミコトという神が地上に降り立った場所と伝えられる高千穂峰があります。","Beyond Mt. Shinmoedake stands Mt. Takachihonomine, the legendary site where the Shinto deity Ninigi no Mikoto, grandson of the deity Amaterasu Omikami, "]
[5354,"宮崎県・鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","高原・湿原・原野","えびの高原","えびのこうげん","Ebino Kogen Highlands","秋にははるか眼下のえびの高原に深紅に色づいた木々と銀色のススキの草原が広がり、冬には雪景色や白霜が見られます。","In autumn, there is crimson foliage and silver grass far below on the Ebino Kogen Highlands, while winter brings snowscapes and hoarfrost."]
[5355,"宮崎県・鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","植物","コバノクロヅル","こばのくろづる","koba-no-kurozuru","夏の花には白いノリウツギ、ツルウメモドキの仲間で淡い色の花を咲かせるコバノクロヅル（Tripterygium doianum）、トウヒレンの一種である紫のキリシマヒゴタイ（Saussurea scaposa Franch. & Sav.）などがあります。","Summer flowers include white panicle hydrangea; pale blooms of the koba-no-kurozuru (Tripterygium doianum), a plant in the bittersweet family; and the purple kirishima-higotai (Saussurea scaposa Franch. & Sav.), a kind of snow lotus. ","※「koba-no-kurozuru」は斜体で表記。"]
[5356,"宮崎県・鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","庭園・公園","池巡り自然探勝路","いけめぐり\nしぜんたんしょうろ","Ikemeguri Nature Trail","池巡り自然探勝路","Ikemeguri Nature Trail"]
[5357,"宮崎県・鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","湖沼","六観音御池","ろっかんのんみいけ","Rokkannon-miike","六観音御池の向こうには、山頂が平たい甑岳がそびえています。","Rising beyond Rokkannon-miike is the flat-topped Mt. Koshikidake. "]
[5358,"宮崎県・鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","植物","ミズナラ","みずなら","mizunara","アカマツと混じって生育するブナやミズナラなどの落葉樹は、どちらも10月になると金と真紅に色付きます。","Red pines mingle with deciduous Japanese beeches and mizunara oaks, both of which turn gold and crimson in October. ","※「mizunara」は斜体で表記。"]
[5359,"宮崎県・鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","湖沼","白紫池","びゃくしいけ","Byakushiike","ここからは近くの白紫池と六観音御池だけでなく、北東の甑岳、東のかなたの夷守岳、南東の硫黄山と韓国岳、さらにはるか南の鹿児島湾の桜島までも見晴らす素晴らしい景色が望めます。","It affords superb views not only of nearby lakes Byakushiike and Rokkannon-miike but also of Mt. Koshikidake to the northeast, sprawling Mt. Hinamoridake far to the east, Mt. Ioyama and Mt. Karakunidake to the southeast, and even the Sakurajima volcano in Kagoshima Bay far to the south."]
[5360,"宮崎県・鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","人物・人名・役職名","馬頭観音","ばとうかんのん","Bato Kannon","これらは後に、牛をはじめとする家畜の守護仏である馬頭観音の像一体に置き換えられました。","These were later replaced with a single sculpture of Bato Kannon, guardian of cattle and other livestock."]
[5361,"宮崎県・鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","その他","コバルトブルー","こばるとぶるー","Cobalt-Blue ","コバルトブルーの湖水に映る紅葉","Autumn Foliage over Cobalt-Blue Waters"]
[5362,"宮崎県・鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","湖沼","不動池","ふどういけ","Lake Fudoike","不動池は湖水の色で有名です。不動池の水には、異なる角度から差す太陽光を乱反射させ、色彩を七色に変化させる火山性微粒子が非常に大量に含まれています。","Lake Fudoike is famous for its colors. The waters contain an unusually high amount of volcanic nanoparticles that scatter sunlight arriving at different angles into an ever-changing rainbow of hues."]
[5363,"宮崎県・鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","植物","ヤマザクラ","やまざくら","yamazakura","ヤマザクラや香りの良いシロモジ、そしてミヤマキリシマの群落も見られます。シカやイノシシ、アナグマはエサを探し、木々の間でウグイスやシジュウカラがさえずります。","There are also yamazakura cherry blossoms, fragrant shrubs called shiromoji, and masses of Miyama-Kirishima azalea. Deer, boars, and badgers forage for food, and bush warblers and tits sing in the trees. ","※「yamazakura」は斜体で表記。"]
[5364,"宮崎県・鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","植物","ハルリンドウ","はるりんどう","haru-rindo","春になると、金色のキリシマミズキ（Corylopsis glabrescens）や青紫色のハルリンドウ（Gentiana thunbergii）、ヤマザクラ、独特の香りを持つ低木・シロモジ（Lindera triloba）が花を咲かせます。","In spring, golden winter hazel (Corylopsis glabrescens) and purple-blue haru-rindo gentians come into bloom, along with yamazakura (hill cherry) and a fragrant spicebush called shiromoji (Lindera triloba). ","※「haru-rindo」は斜体で表記。"]
[5365,"宮崎県・鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","植物","ミミカキグサ","みみかきぐさ","mimikaki-gusa","池の周りには、タヌキモ科の食虫植物であるミミカキグサや、紫色の釣鐘型の花を咲かせるコバギボウシなど、湿った環境を好むさまざまな植物が生育しています。","Around the pond grow a range of plants that prefer the damper environment, including mimikaki-gusa, an insect-eating plant in the bladderwort family, and kobagi-boshi, recognized for its bell-shaped purple flowers. ","※「mimikaki-gusa」は斜体で表記。"]
[5366,"宮崎県・鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","工芸・美術品","甑","こしき","koshiki","この山の非常になだらかな山頂が、上部が平たい甑(こしき)と呼ばれる米を蒸す道具に似ていることから甑岳と名付けられました。","It is named after a kind of rice steamer called a koshiki, which has a flat top like the mountain’s unusually flat summit.","※「koshiki」は斜体で表記。"]
[5367,"宮崎県・鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","植物","コバギボウシ","こばぎぼうし","kobagi-boshi","池の周りには、タヌキモ科の食虫植物であるミミカキグサや、紫色の釣鐘型の花を咲かせるコバギボウシなど、湿った環境を好むさまざまな植物が生育しています。","Around the pond grow a range of plants that prefer the damper environment, including mimikaki-gusa, an insect-eating plant in the bladderwort family, and kobagi-boshi, recognized for its bell-shaped purple flowers. ","※「kobagi-boshi」は斜体で表記。"]
[5368,"宮崎県・鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","植物","ニガイチゴ","にがいちご","niga-ichigo","標高の高いところでは、アカマツやモミ、ツガは少なくなり、岩場の土壌をミヤマキリシマ（Rhododendron kiusianum）やニガイチゴ（Rubus microphyllus L.f.）のように小ぶりで強い植物の茂みに明け渡します。","At higher elevations, the forest’s red pines, firs, and hemlock thin out, ceding the rocky soil to smaller, tougher flora like Miyama-Kirishima azalea (Rhododendron kiusianum) and niga-ichigo (Rubus microphyllus L.f.) bushes. ","※「niga-ichigo」は斜体で表記。"]
[5369,"宮崎県・鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","植物","ツキヨタケ","つきよたけ","tsukiyotake","その中にはツキヨタケ（moonlight mushroom）と呼ばれる夜光性のキノコもあります。","These include a bioluminescent variety called tsukiyotake, or “moonlight mushroom.”","※「tsukiyotake」は斜体で表記。"]
[5370,"宮崎県・鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","植物","ノカイドウ","のかいどう","nokaido","えびの高原には、この地域の河川沿いの日当たりの良い場所にしか生えないノカイドウ（field crabapple, Malus spontanea）という植物が生育しています。","The Ebino Kogen Highlands also support a plant that grows only in sunny spots along the area’s rivers: Malus spontanea, known in Japanese as nokaido, or “field crabapple.” ","※「nokaido」は斜体で表記。"]
[5371,"宮崎県・鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","植物","シキミ","しきみ","Japanese star anise","免れるのは、シキミ（Illicium anisatum）やハイノキ（Symplocos myrtacea）のような味の良くない植物や毒のある植物だけです。","Only unpleasant-tasting or poisonous plants like Japanese star anise (Illicium anisatum) and sapphireberry (Symplocos myrtacea) survive. "]
[5372,"宮崎県・鹿児島県","（霧島錦江湾国立公園）霧島錦江湾国立公園地域協議会","植物","ハイノキ","はいのき","sapphireberry ","免れるのは、シキミ（Illicium anisatum）やハイノキ（Symplocos myrtacea）のような味の良くない植物や毒のある植物だけです。","Only unpleasant-tasting or poisonous plants like Japanese star anise (Illicium anisatum) and sapphireberry (Symplocos myrtacea) survive. "]
[5373,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","島しょ","奄美大島","あまみおおしま"," Amami Oshima","奄美大島の歴史","A Brief History of Amami Oshima"]
[5374,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","集落・街","集落","しゅうらく","shuraku","奄美大島では、島内の村を「集落（communities）」または「シマ」と呼ばれます。（シマとは日本語でislandを指す語ですが、島民は各自の集落のことをシマと呼んでいます。）","Villages on the island are called shuraku (communities) or shima (“island” in Japanese, though Amami Oshima residents use the term to refer to their specific community). ","※「shuraku」は斜体で表記。"]
[5375,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","タイワンヤマツツジ","たいわんやまつつじ","Taiwan yama-tsutsuji","この岬には耐寒性を持つツツジの一種であるタイワンヤマツツジと広葉竹の一種であるリュウキュウチクが一面に生えています。リュウキュウチクは地元でササントと呼ばれており、昔はその葉が屋根の葺き替えに使われていました。","The cape is covered in Taiwan yama-tsutsuji, a type of hardy azalea, and Ryukyu chiku, a kind of broad-leaf bamboo known locally as sasanto, the leaves of which were traditionally used for roof thatching. ","※「yama-tsutsuji」は斜体で表記。"]
[5376,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","リュウキュウチク","りゅうきゅうちく","Ryukyu chiku","この岬には耐寒性を持つツツジの一種であるタイワンヤマツツジと広葉竹の一種であるリュウキュウチクが一面に生えています。リュウキュウチクは地元でササントと呼ばれており、昔はその葉が屋根の葺き替えに使われていました。","The cape is covered in Taiwan yama-tsutsuji, a type of hardy azalea, and Ryukyu chiku, a kind of broad-leaf bamboo known locally as sasanto, the leaves of which were traditionally used for roof thatching. ","※「chiku」は斜体で表記。"]
[5377,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","ササント","ささんと","sasanto","この岬には耐寒性を持つツツジの一種であるタイワンヤマツツジと広葉竹の一種であるリュウキュウチクが一面に生えています。リュウキュウチクは地元でササントと呼ばれており、昔はその葉が屋根の葺き替えに使われていました。","The cape is covered in Taiwan yama-tsutsuji, a type of hardy azalea, and Ryukyu chiku, a kind of broad-leaf bamboo known locally as sasanto, the leaves of which were traditionally used for roof thatching. ","※「sasanto」は斜体で表記。"]
[5378,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","カンザクラ","ひかんざくら","hikanzakura ","1月中旬からは、駐車場横の庭園でヒカンザクラの木立が2～3週間にわたって濃いピンク色の花を咲かせ、訪れる人々を魅了します。","From mid-January, another color attracts visitors to this area: the dark-pink blossoms of a grove of hikanzakura cherry trees bloom over a period of two to three weeks in the garden next to the parking lot. ","※「hikanzakura」は斜体で表記。"]
[5379,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","ノロ","のろ","noro","琉球王国の最盛期、特に尚真王（1477-1526）の時代には、行政官たちは「ノロ」と呼ばれる各集落の宗教儀式を執り行った女性祭司を介して統治を行っていました。","During the heyday of the Ryukyu Kingdom, especially the reign of King Sho Shin (1477–1526), administrative officials governed through noro, priestesses who performed the religious rituals of each community. ","※「noro」は斜体で表記。"]
[5380,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","鳳凰","ほうおう","ho-o","これらの扇はノロが神々を呼び、迎え入れるために使っていたもので、扇に描かれた鳳凰（fenghuang、日本語では「ほうおう」）と呼ばれる伝説上の鳥は、琉球文化が中国から非常に深く影響を受けていたことを示しています。 ","The noro used these fans to call and welcome deities, and their illustrations of the mythical fenghuang bird, known in Japanese as ho-o, show how deeply Ryukyuan culture was influenced by China. ","※「ho-o」は斜体で表記。"]
[5381,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","ユタ","ゆた","yuta","ノロが集落の安全と繁栄に焦点を当てていたのとは異なり、ユタは霊媒師として神々の意志を個人に伝えるスピリチュアルカウンセラーに似た役割を果たしていました。","Unlike the noro, whose prayers were focused on the security and prosperity of their community, the yuta acted as psychic mediums by conveying the will of the gods to individuals—a role similar to a spiritual counselor. ","※「yuta」は斜体で表記。"]
[5382,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","集落・街","ミャー","みゃー","myaa","細い道や狭い路地をたどって神道を進んでいくと、ミャーと呼ばれる集落の広場にたどり着きます。","The route meanders along small roads and narrow alleys to the myaa, a village square. ","※「myaa」は斜体で表記。"]
[5383,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","アマミノクロウサギ","あまみのくろうさぎ","Amami no kuro-usagi","アマミノクロウサギ（Amami black rabbit、別称Ryukyu Rabbit）は奄美大島とその隣の徳之島の固有種です。","The Amami no kuro-usagi, or Amami black rabbit (also known as the Ryukyu rabbit) is endemic to Amami Oshima and neighboring Tokunoshima. ","※「Amami no kuro-usagi」は斜体で表記。"]
[5384,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","ハブ","はぶ","Habu","野生動物：ハブ","Wildlife: Habu","※「Habu」は斜体で表記。"]
[5385,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","ナリ","なり","nari","凶作時には米が手に入らなかったため、島民はより入手しやすい食料源に目を向け、そしてソテツの有毒な果実（ナリ）を処理して粉末を作る方法を編み出しました。この粉は米のかさを増したり、みそと混ぜたりして使うことができました。","A poor harvest meant no rice, so the islanders turned to a more accessible food source: they developed a method to process the cycads’ toxic fruit (nari) to make flour, which could be used to bulk up a small bowl of rice, or be mixed with miso.","※「nari」は斜体で表記。"]
[5386,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","サトウキビ","さとうきび","satokibi","奄美大島北部では、広大なサトウキビ畑が農地一帯を覆っており、節のある茎や椰子のような葉を持つサトウキビが道の両側に繁っている光景がよく見られます。","It is hard to miss the sprawling fields of sugarcane (satokibi) that cover the agricultural fields of northern Amami Oshima—the jointed stalks and palmlike leaves are often seen bordering both sides of local roads.","※「satokibi」は斜体で表記。"]
[5387,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","食","黒糖焼酎","こくとうしょうちゅう","kokuto shochu","黒糖を使って作られる商品の一つに、奄美大島の特産品である黒糖焼酎（黒糖をベースにした蒸留酒）があります。","One of the products made using unrefined brown sugar is the Amami Island specialty of kokuto shochu, a brown sugar–based distilled liquor. ","※「kokuto shochu」は斜体で表記。"]
[5388,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","食","マシュ","ましゅ","mashu","今日でも、奄美大島では少数の人々が奄美の方言でマシュと呼ばれる海塩を作っています。","Today, a few people on Amami Oshima still make sea salt, called mashu in the Amami dialect. ","※「mashu」は斜体で表記。"]
[5389,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","工芸・美術品","大島紬","おおしまつむぎ","tsumugi","江戸時代（1603-1867）の後半までには、大島紬は奄美大島の特産品となっており、島民はこの織物を（サトウキビと同じように）一種の税金として薩摩藩に納めなくてはなりませんでした。","By the latter half of the Edo period (1603–1867), Oshima tsumugi had become a specialty of Amami Oshima and, like sugarcane, islanders had to supply the fabric to the Satsuma domain as a kind of tax. ","※「tsumugi」は斜体で表記。"]
[5390,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","食","鶏飯","けいはん","Keihan","鶏飯","Keihan","※「Keihan」は斜体で表記。"]
[5391,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","食","塩豚","しおぶた","shiobuta","豚は、中国から（琉球王国を経由して）受けた影響によってこの地域の食習慣の一部となり、塩豚は今でも特に好まれています。","Pork became part of the local diet as a result of influence from China (via the Ryukyu Kingdom), and shiobuta (salted pork) remains a local favorite. ","※「shiobuta」は斜体で表記。"]
[5392,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","食","カシャ餅","かしゃもち","Kasha mochi","カシャ餅","Kasha mochi","※「Kasha mochi」は斜体で表記。"]
[5393,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","食","ミキ","みき","Miki","ミキ","Miki","※「Miki」は斜体で表記。"]
[5394,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","クビキ","くびき","kubiki","これらはこの地域の方言でクビキと呼ばれる背の低い常緑樹（日本語ではツルグミ、Elaegnus glabra）を切ったものです。","These are taken from the evergreen shrub known as kubiki in the local dialect (tsurugumi in Japanese; Elaeagnus glabra). ","※「kubiki」は斜体で表記。"]
[5395,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","その他","旧暦","きゅうれき","kyureki","毎年恒例のお祭りは、奄美大島の各集落における大イベントで、旧暦（太陰暦）に基づいて行われます。","Yearly festivals are the highlights of social life in the island communities, and are held according to kyureki, the traditional lunar calendar. ","※「kubiki」は斜体で表記。"]
[5396,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","芸能・興行・イベント","八月踊り","はちがつおどり","Hachigatsu Odori","多くの場合、豊年祭は八月踊りと呼ばれる収穫を祝う快活な踊りで締めくくられます。","The Honensai often ends with a spirited Hachigatsu Odori, a dance that celebrates the harvest. ","※「Hachigatsu Odori」は斜体で表記。"]
[5397,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","芸能・興行・イベント","島唄","しまうた","Shimauta ","島唄は奄美大島の伝統的な民謡です。","Shimauta is the traditional folk music of Amami Oshima. ","※「Shimauta 」は斜体で表記。"]
[5398,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","その他","イザリ漁","いざりりょう","izari","地元の人たちは、一番収穫が見込めるのは、イザリ漁（night harvesting）、特に最も盛んになる冬の夜間、潮位が最も低くなる時であることを知っています。","Local residents know that izari, (night harvesting) brings the best results—with the peak during winter, when the night tides are at their lowest. ","※「Shimauta」は斜体で表記。"]
[5399,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","ケンムン","けんむん","kenmun","ケンムンは子どもくらいの身長で、赤い目と細長い足と腕が特徴です。","The kenmun is about the height of a child, with red eyes and elongated legs and arms. ","※「kenmun」は斜体で表記。"]
[5400,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","建造物等","高倉","たかくら","takakura","伝統的な高倉（収穫した米を貯蔵する高床の倉）をイメージしたデザインが印象的なこの記念美術館は、2001年に完成しました。","This memorial museum—built with a striking design based on traditional takakura, the stilted storehouses used to keep harvested rice—was completed in 2001. ","※「takakura」は斜体で表記。"]
[5401,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）徳之島多言語解説協議会","食","焼酎","しょうちゅう","shochu","よりなだらかで耕作に適した地域では、焼酎という人気の高い蒸留酒などの製品に使われるサトウキビが栽培されています。","The flatter, arable areas of the island are used to cultivate sugar cane for use in products like the popular distilled spirit known as shochu.","※「shochu」は斜体で表記。"]
[5402,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）徳之島多言語解説協議会","動物","アマミノクロウサギ","あまみのくろうさぎ","Amami no kuro-usagi","この島で最も人気の高い動物、アマミノクロウサギ（Amami black rabbitまたはRyukyu rabbit）は、徳之島の象徴的存在です。","The Amami no kuro-usagi, or Amami black rabbit (also known as the Ryukyu rabbit), is the island’s most popular animal, and a symbol of Tokunoshima.","※「Amami no kuro-usagi」は斜体で表記。"]
[5403,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）徳之島多言語解説協議会","植物","モクビャッコウ","もくびゃっこう","Chinese wormwood","この地域に生育する草木には、ソテツやアダン、モクビャッコウ（絶滅危惧種）、クサトベラなどが挙げられます。","The foliage here includes cycad, fragrant screw pine, Chinese wormwood (an endangered species), and naupaka. "]
[5404,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）徳之島多言語解説協議会","植物","ソテツ","そてつ","sotetsu","ソテツ（Cycas revoluta）はSago palmとしても知られます。 ","Cycad is also known as Sago palm (sotetsu; Cycas revoluta). ","※「sotetsu」は斜体で表記。"]
[5405,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）徳之島多言語解説協議会","乗物","武州丸","ぶしゅうまる","Bushu Maru","この場所には1944年9月に本土への疎開船・武州丸が沈没した際亡くなった徳之島の子どもたちと高齢者150人の慰霊碑も建てられています。","Another cenotaph dedicated to the 150 children and elderly Tokunoshima islanders who perished in the September 1944 sinking of the Bushu Maru, a ship that was evacuating them to the mainland, also stands on the site. ","※「Bushu Maru」は斜体で表記。"]
[5406,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）徳之島多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","小泉純一郎","こいずみじゅんいちろう","Koizumi Jun’ichiro","公園入口の石碑に刻まれた銘は、小泉純一郎元首相の依頼で彫られたものです。","The carving on the stone monument at the park’s entrance was commissioned by former prime minister Koizumi Jun’ichiro."]
[5407,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）徳之島多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","ノロ","のろ","noro","地元の歴史家は、この地域はかつて、土着の宗教における女性司祭であったノロの管轄地だったと考えています。","Local historians think this area was once the domain of a noro, one of the priestesses of the indigenous religion. ","※「noro」は斜体で表記。"]
[5408,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）徳之島多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神道","かみみち","kami michi","この宗教では「神道（かみみち）」という山頂から海へと続く神の通る神聖な道があると信じられていました。","Their beliefs included kami michi, sacred “paths of the gods” leading from mountain peaks down to the sea. ","※「kami michi」は斜体で表記。"]
[5409,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）徳之島多言語解説協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","闘牛","とうぎゅう","Bull Sumo","花徳集落の闘牛","Kedoku Village Bull Sumo Ring"]
[5410,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）徳之島多言語解説協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","闘牛","とうぎゅう","Togyu","闘牛は、徳之島など琉球の島々で昔から行われてきた、牛同士に力比べをさせる人気の競技です。","Togyu is the popular sport of bull sumo, native to Tokunoshima and other Ryukyu islands. ","※「Togyu」は斜体で表記。"]
[5411,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）徳之島多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","横綱","よこづな","yokozuna","無差別級では横綱（相撲用語で最も強い力士のこと）が決まります。","The open category determines the yokozuna grand champion (from the sumo term for the top-ranked wrestler). ","※「yokozuna」は斜体で表記。"]
[5412,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","山岳","宮之浦岳","みやのうらだけ","Mt. Miyanoura","外周たった132キロメートルであるにもかかわらず、この島には九州最高峰である1,936メートルの宮之浦岳と、46の1,000メートルを超える峰々があるため、「洋上アルプス」というあだ名が付きました。","Only 132 kilometers in circumference, this small island contains the Kyushu region’s highest peak, 1,936-meter Mt. Miyanoura, and 46 peaks over 1,000 meters, earning the island the nickname “the Alps of the sea.”"]
[5413,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","山岳","洋上アルプス","ようじょうあるぷす","the Alps of the sea","外周たった132キロメートルであるにもかかわらず、この島には九州最高峰である1,936メートルの宮之浦岳と、46の1,000メートルを超える峰々があるため、「洋上アルプス」というあだ名が付きました","Only 132 kilometers in circumference, this small island contains the Kyushu region’s highest peak, 1,936-meter Mt. Miyanoura, and 46 peaks over 1,000 meters, earning the island the nickname “the Alps of the sea.”"]
[5414,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","山岳","高盤岳","こうばんだけ","Mt. Kobandake","例えば高盤岳の頂上にある「豆腐岩」は、切った豆腐の塊のようであることからその名が付きました。","“Tofu Rock,” for example, on top of Mt. Kobandake, is named after its resemblance to a sliced block of tofu. "]
[5415,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","滝","千尋の滝","せんぴろのたき","Senpiro-no-taki Waterfall","千尋の滝は、鯛之川が花崗岩の巨礫を削ってその道筋を作ったV字谷へと、60メートルの高さを落ちて行きます。","Senpiro-no-taki Waterfall drops 60 meters into a V-shaped valley where the Tainoko River has carved its course through a granite boulder.","※過去の用語集にもございますが、今回表記が異なります。"]
[5416,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","河川・渓谷","鯛之川","たいのこう","Tainoko River","千尋の滝は、鯛之川が花崗岩の巨礫を削ってその道筋を作ったV字谷へと、60メートルの高さを落ちて行きます。","Senpiro-no-taki Waterfall drops 60 meters into a V-shaped valley where the Tainoko River has carved its course through a granite boulder."]
[5417,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","岩石・洞窟","枕状溶岩","まくらじょうようがん","Pillow-shaped Lava Field","田代海岸にある溶岩原は屋久島国立公園の一部です。その溶岩露頭が枕に似ていることから「枕状溶岩」と呼ばれ、海岸の珍しい景観はこの枕状溶岩がもたらしたものです。","The lava field at Tashiro Coast is part of Yakushima National Park, and it is called the “Pillow-shaped Lava Field” due to the lava outcroppings’ resemblance to pillows."]
[5418,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","温泉","湯泊温泉","ゆどまりおんせん","Yodomari Hot Spring","湯泊海岸にある湯泊温泉では、日向層群を構成する砂岩と頁岩の交互に積み重なった層を見ることができます。","The alternating layers of sandstone and shale that make up the Hyuga Group strata are visible at Yudomari Hot Spring on the Yudomari Coast."]
[5419,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","滝","大川の滝","おおこのたき","Ohko-no-taki Waterfall","大川の滝は、88メートルを落下する屋久島で最も大きい滝です。","Ohko-no-taki Waterfall is the largest waterfall in Yakushima, plunging 88 meters.","※過去の用語集にもございますが、今回表記が異なります。"]
[5420,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","食","つけ揚げ","つけあげ","tsukeage","屋久島名物のひとつは、一夜干しにしたトビウオをミンチにして揚げたつけ揚げという魚肉団子です。","A Yakushima specialty is tsukeage fish balls made from flying fish that have been dried overnight, minced, and deep-fried.","※「tsukeage」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「fish balls」も使用することも可能。"]
[5421,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","食","首折れ鯖","くびおれさば","broken-necked blue mackerel","「首折れ鯖」は現在では屋久島でしか食べられない珍味となっています。","The “broken-necked blue mackerel” is a delicacy that can now be eaten only on Yakushima.","※過去の用語集にもございますが、今回表記が異なります。"]
[5422,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","テーマ施設等","屋久島うみがめ館","やくしまうみがめかん","Yakushima Umigame-Kan","屋久島うみがめ館は、屋久島のウミガメの生態調査と保護を目的とした非営利のセンターで、ウミガメの生態の観察および調査、浜の清掃、産卵巣のパトロール、およびボランティアの育成において重要な役割を担っています。","Yakushima Umigame-Kan, a nonprofit center dedicated to the ecological study and protection of sea turtles on Yakushima, plays a key role in monitoring and researching sea turtle ecology, cleaning up beaches, patrolling nesting, and training volunteers. "]
[5423,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","レジャー・アクティビティ","ウミガメ産卵観察ツアー","うみがめさんらんかんさつつあー","Sea Turtle Nesting Observation Tour","訪問者がウミガメを見るには永田ウミガメ連絡協議会によって実施される「ウミガメ産卵観察ツアー（ウミガメカンサツカイ）」に参加する必要があり、事前予約が必要です。","Visitors must join the Sea Turtle Nesting Observation Tour (Umigame Kansatsukai) offered by the Nagata Sea Turtle Liaison Council to see the turtles, and advance reservations are required."]
[5424,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","町エビス","まちえびす","Village Ebisu","一湊にあるもう一つのエビス像は屋久杉で作られており、「町エビス」として知られる小さな石の祠に祀られています。","Another Ebisu statue in Isso is made of yakusugi cedar and worshipped at a small stone altar known as the “Village Ebisu.” "]
[5425,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","芸能・興行・イベント","トビウオ招き","とびうおまねき","Summoning of the Flying Fish","「トビウオ招き」は、大漁を祈願するために永田集落で行われる伝統的な女性の踊りです。","The “Summoning of the Flying Fish” is a traditional women’s dance performed in Nagata village to pray for large catches."]
[5426,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","庭園・公園","志戸子ガジュマル公園","しとこがじゅまるこうえん","Shitoko Gajumaru Banyan Park","屋久島北部の小さな沿岸の集落、志戸子の近隣にある志戸子ガジュマル公園には、樹齢500年を超えると考えられている巨大なガジュマルが生えています。","At Shitoko Gajumaru Banyan Park near Shitoko, a small coastal village in the north of Yakushima, there is a giant banyan believed to be more than 500 years old. "]
[5427,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","その他","猿川ガジュマルの森","さるかわがじゅまるのもり","Sarukawa Gajumaru Banyan Forest","植物や絡み合った蔓が生い茂る3,990平方メートルの猿川ガジュマルの森は、志戸子ガジュマル公園とは対照的に、あまり知られていない手つかずの自然が残る場所です。","In contrast to the Shitoko Gajumaru Banyan Park, the 3,990-square-meter Sarukawa Gajumaru Banyan Forest, thick with vegetation and tangled vines, is a little-known preserve of untamed nature."]
[5428,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","テーマ施設等","屋久島フルーツガーデン","やくしまふるーつがーでん","Yakushima Fruit Garden","島の南西側にある中間の屋久島フルーツガーデンでは、ガーデンツアーを開催しており、フルーツジャムやジュースなどを販売しているお店があります。","The Yakushima Fruit Garden in Nakama, on the southwest side of the island, offers a garden tour and has a shop selling fruit jams and juices. "]
[5429,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","食","からいも","からいも","karaimo","地元でからいもと呼ばれサツマイモは、気候や地形が稲作に不向きなことが主な理由で、屋久島の主要な農産物の一つとなっています。","Sweet potato, locally referred to as karaimo, is one of the main agricultural products of Yakushima, particularly since the climate and terrain are unsuited to rice production. ","※「karaimo」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「sweet potato」も使用することも可能。"]
[5430,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","芸能・興行・イベント","十五夜綱引き祭り","じゅうごやつなひきまつり","Jugoya Tug-of-War Festival","屋久島の各集落は、太陰暦の八月15日の中秋の名月（ジュウゴヤ）の夜に、十五夜綱引き祭りを開催します。","Villages on Yakushima hold the Jugoya Tug-of-War Festival on the night of the harvest moon (jugoya) on August 15 of the lunar calendar."]
[5431,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","食","かからん団子","かからんだんご","kakaran-dango","サルトリイバラ（Smilax china）の葉に包まれたよもぎ味の団子、かからん団子は、屋久島で人気のおやつです。","Kakaran-dango, a mugwort-flavored rice dumpling wrapped in a China root (Smilax china) leaf, is a popular Yakushima snack. ","※「kakaran-dango」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\n※過去の用語集にもございますが、今回表記が異なります。"]
[5432,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","その他","西部林道","せいぶりんどう","Seibu-rindo Forest Path","全長約20キロメートルの西部林道は、亜熱帯の植物から山頂で見つかる種まで、さまざまな植物が生育するエリアを通り抜ける車両通行が可能な道路です。 ","The 20-kilometer Seibu-rindo Forest Path is a road open to vehicles that passes through areas with flora ranging from subtropical plants up to species found on mountain summits.","※すでに用語集にありますが、今回表記が異なります。"]
[5433,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","植物","スギ樹林帯","すぎじゅりんたい","Japanese Cedar Forest Zone","海抜800から1,200メートル付近のスギ樹林帯には、照葉樹と杉（スギ）が混在して生育しています。","A mix of laurel and Japanese cedar (sugi) grows in the Japanese Cedar Forest Zone from around 800 to 1,200 meters above sea level. "]
[5434,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","植物","コスギ","こすぎ","kosugi","ヤクスギとは、屋久島にある樹齢1000年以上の杉（スギ; Cryptomeria japonica）に与えられる呼称で、それよりも若い樹木はコスギ（子供のスギの意）と呼ばれます。","Yakusugi is the name given to sugi (Japanese cedars; Cryptomeria japonica) on Yakushima that are over 1,000 years old; younger trees are called kosugi, meaning child sugi.","※「kosugi」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[5435,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","植物","二代大杉","にだいおおすぎ"," Nidai Osugi (Two-Generation Great Sugi)","白谷雲水峡の二代大杉（二世代の大きなスギ）は、巨大な中空の倒木の根株の上に新しいスギが育った例で、印象的な太い根の広がりの上に二代目の樹木がそびえ立っています。","The Nidai Osugi (Two-Generation Great Sugi) at Shiratani Unsuikyo Ravine is an example of a new cedar that has grown on top of the roots of a giant hollow nurse log; the second-generation tree towers over an impressive spread of thick roots."]
[5436,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","植物","双子杉","ふたごすぎ","Twins Sugi","ヤクスギランドで見られる双子杉は、一本の切り株に太さの似た若いスギが2本生えている例です。","The Twins Sugi, found in Yakusugi Land, is an example of two young cedars of similar thickness growing on a single stump. ","※過去の用語集にもございますが、今回表記が異なります。"]
[5437,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","植物","三代杉","さんだいすぎ","Sandai Sugi (Three-Generation Sugi)","安房歩道沿いの三代杉（三代のスギ）では、倒木と切り株更新の両方が見られます。","The Sandai Sugi (Three-Generation Sugi) along the Anbo Trail exhibits both nurse-log and stump regeneration.","※過去の用語集にもございますが、今回表記が異なります。"]
[5438,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","動物","ヤクシマザル","やくしまざる","Yakushima macaque","ヤクシマザル（Macaca fuscata yakui）やヤクシカ（Cervus nippon yakushimae）など十七種四亜種の哺乳類が森林に生息しています。","Seventeen species and four subspecies of mammal, including the Yakushima macaque (Macaca fuscata yakui) and the Yakushika deer (Cervus nippon yakushimae), dwell in the forests. ","※すでに用語集にありますが、今回表記が異なります。"]
[5439,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","動物","ヤクシカ","やくしか","Yakushika deer","ヤクシマザル（Macaca fuscata yakui）やヤクシカ（Cervus nippon yakushimae）など十七種四亜種の哺乳類が森林に生息しています。","Seventeen species and four subspecies of mammal, including the Yakushima macaque (Macaca fuscata yakui) and the Yakushika deer (Cervus nippon yakushimae), dwell in the forests. ","※過去の用語集にもございますが、今回表記が異なります。"]
[5440,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","食","アコウイチジク","あこういちじく","ako","村落や沿岸部ではアコウイチジクやガジュマルの木の実を、山林ではツブラジイやレッドオークの実を食べています。","They feed on the nuts of ako figs and Chinese banyans in villages and coastal areas, and on the nuts of Japanese chinkapin and red oak in the mountain forests.","※「ako」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「figs」も使用することも可能。"]
[5441,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","建造物等","さつき吊橋","さつきつりばし","Satsuki Suspension Bridge","バードウォッチングに最適な場所の一つは、白谷雲水峡のさつき吊橋の向こう側にある原生林を通る遊歩道沿いです。","One of the best places for bird-watching is along the path through the primary forest in Shiratani Unsuikyo Ravine, beyond the Satsuki Suspension Bridge."]
[5442,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","河川・渓谷","横河渓谷","よっこけいこく","Yokko Ravine","横河渓谷もまた、大きな花崗岩の岩々やエメラルドグリーンのプールののどかな風景の中でのバードウォッチングの機会を提供してくれます。","Yokko Ravine also offers bird-watching opportunities in a tranquil landscape of large granite boulders and emerald-green pools."]
[5443,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","動物","ヒメマス","ひめます","Himemasu salmon","私たちヒメマスは、世界のさまざまな地域で「コカニーサーモン」と呼ばれる陸封型のサケの一種です。","We himemasu salmon are a species of landlocked salmon called kokanee salmon in some parts of the world.","「Kokanee salmon」はカナダ呼称である可能性があり（環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所より）アメリカ英語のスタンダードな表現を調査し「Himemasu salmon」としましたが、地域によっては「Kokanee salmon」と表現している場合もあります。"]
[5444,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","動物","キリシマミドリシジミ","きりしまみどりしじみ","Wonderful Green Hairstreak butterfly","珍しい屋久島原産のキリシマミドリシジミ(Thermozephyrus ataxus)という蝶は、高度600から1,300メートルのヤクスギランド、小杉谷、また花之江河などで、七月と八月にのみ見られます。","The rare Wonderful Green Hairstreak (Thermozephyrus ataxus) butterfly, native to Yakushima, is seen only in July and August at altitudes of 600 to 1,300 meters, such as Yakusugi Land, Kosugidani, and Hananoego."]
[5445,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","植物","土埋木","どまいぼく","domaiboku","現在の木工は主に材木の端材や伐採された木の切り株、また自然倒木などを使用しており、これらは総称して土埋木、すなわち屋久杉端材として知られています。","Woodcraft now works mainly with timber remnants, stumps of logged trees, and naturally fallen timber, collectively known as domaiboku, or yakusugi remnants. ","※「domaiboku」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[5446,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","木魂神社","こだまじんじゃ","Kodama Jinja Shrine","中空の内部には小さな泉があり、山の神である彦火火出見命、木の神である久久能智神、そして山と海の神である大山祇命を祀る木魂神社があります。 ","Its hollow interior contains a small spring as well as Kodama Jinja Shrine, which enshrines Hikohohodemi no Mikoto, a deity of the mountain, Kukunochi no Kami, a deity of the tree, and Oyamatsumi no Mikoto, a deity of the mountain and sea."]
[5447,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","植物","平木","ひらぎ","hiragi","屋久島の土地は稲作に適していなかったため、島民は平木と呼ばれる屋久杉の屋根板で支払っていました。","Since Yakushima’s land was unsuited for rice production, islanders paid with yakusugi roof shingles, called hiragi.","※「hiragi」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「roof shingles」も使用することも可能。"]
[5448,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","人物・人名・役職名","一品宝珠大権現","いっぽんほうじゅだいごんげん","Ippon Hoju Daigongen","集落の代表者は、仏の化身である山の神、一品宝珠大権現に、五穀豊穣、豊漁、家内安全を祈願します。","Village representatives pray to Ippon Hoju Daigongen, a Buddhist avatar of a mountain deity, for bountiful harvests, good fishing, and protection of the home."]
[5449,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","益救神社","やくじんじゃ","Yaku Jinja Shrine","益救神社は1,000年を超える歴史を持つ屋久島の神社の本山で、島の神社の中心的存在です。","Yaku Jinja Shrine is a central Shinto shrine on Yakushima with a history of over 1,000 years, regarded as the main shrine on the island."]
[5450,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","植物","榊","さかき","sakaki","参加者は午前3時30分に益救神社で巡礼の安全を祈願した後、車で一品ヶ浜に向かい、榊（Cleyera japonica）の枝を使って清めの儀式を受けます。","Participants begin by praying for a safe pilgrimage at Yaku Jinja Shrine at 3:30 a.m., then drive to Ippongahama Beach, where they undergo a purification ritual using branches of the sakaki tree (Cleyera japonica). "]
[5451,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","岩石・洞窟","天柱石","てんちゅうせき","Heavenly Rock","安房集落の奥にある太忠岳の山頂には、天の岩（テンチュウセキ）として知られる外周60メートル、高さ40メートルの花崗岩の一枚岩が立っています。","A monolithic granite rock known as the Heavenly Rock (Tenchuseki), 60 meters in circumference and 40 meters high, stands on the peak of Mt. Tachudake beyond Anbo village."]
[5452,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","テーマ施設等","屋久島環境文化センター","やくしまかんきょうぶんかせんたー","Yakushima Environmental and Cultural Village Center","屋久島環境文化センター\n宮之浦港の近くに位置し、上り坂のルートに沿って亜熱帯の海岸から寒冷な山地への推移を表現した展示物を並べています。","Yakushima Environmental and Cultural Village Center—Located near Miyanoura Port, this center exhibits displays along an upward-sloping route that represents the transition from the subtropical coast to the cooler mountains."]
[5453,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","テーマ施設等","屋久島環境文化研修センター","やくしまかんきょうぶんかけんしゅうせんたー","Yakushima Environmental and Cultural Learning Center","屋久島環境文化研修センター\nこの研修センターは安房港近くにある大人と子供のための施設で、屋久島の自然環境や産業、生活に関わるセミナーや会議、その他のイベントなどを開催しています。","Yakushima Environmental and Cultural Learning Center—This learning center for adults and children near Anbo Port hosts seminars, meetings, and other events related to Yakushima’s natural environment, industries, and daily life."]
[5454,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","テーマ施設等","屋久島世界遺産センター","やくしませかいいさんせんたー","Yakushima World Heritage Conservation Center","屋久島世界遺産センター\n安房にあるこの施設は、1993年に屋久島がユネスコ世界遺産に登録されたことを受けて、1996年に環境省の職員による環境省の施設としてオープンしました。","Yakushima World Heritage Conservation Center—This center in Anbo opened in 1996 as a Ministry of the Environment facility staffed by ministry personnel, following Yakushima’s inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1993."]
[5455,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","テーマ施設等","屋久島町歴史民俗資料館","やくしまちょうれきしみんぞくしりょうかん","Yakushima Town History and Folk Museum","屋久島町歴史民俗資料館\n宮之浦にあるこの博物館は、縄文時代（紀元前10,000－300年）から現在に至るまでの、屋久島の人々が生活で使用していた木工具や工芸品、仮面、陶器などを展示しています。","Yakushima Town History and Folk Museum—This museum in Miyanoura displays objects used in the daily lives of Yakushima islanders from the Jomon period (10,000–300 BCE) to the present, including wooden tools, handicrafts, masks, and pottery. "]
[5456,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","テーマ施設等","屋久杉自然館","やくすぎしぜんかん","Yakusugi Museum","屋久杉自然館\n安房にあるこの博物館は、樹齢1,000年以上の島の杉、屋久杉のすべてを伝えています。","Yakusugi Museum—This museum in Anbo tells all about the yakusugi—Japanese cedars on the island over 1,000 years old."]
[5457,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","温泉","寝待温泉","ねまちおんせん","Nemachi hot spring","島には病院や常駐のお医者さんはいません。地元の人々はこの島に四つある温泉の内の一つで身体に良いことで知られる寝待温泉に浸かります。","There is no hospital or permanently stationed physician on the island. Local residents bathe at Nemachi hot spring, one of four hot springs on the island known for their therapeutic properties."]
[5458,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","山岳","古岳","ふるだけ","Mt. Furudake","活火山である古岳と新岳の景観は噴気孔、噴火口、また火山亀裂を特徴としています。","The active volcanic landscape of Mt. Furudake and Mt. Shindake features vents, craters, and eruptive fissures. "]
[5459,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","山岳","新岳","しんだけ","Mt. Shindake","活火山である古岳と新岳の景観は噴気孔、噴火口、また火山亀裂を特徴としています。","The active volcanic landscape of Mt. Furudake and Mt. Shindake features vents, craters, and eruptive fissures. "]
[5460,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","温泉","西ノ湯温泉","にしのゆおんせん"," Nishinoyu hot spring","島の北海岸にある向江浜（2015年の噴火に伴い閉鎖）、西ノ湯、および寝待温泉といった場所では土壌が掘り取られたところに地下から熱水が湧いてきます。","Hot water bubbles up from underground where soil is dug away in such places as Mukaehama Beach (closed after the 2015 eruption) and Nishinoyu and Nemachi hot springs on the north coast of the island. "]
[5461,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","海岸・岬","向江浜","むかえはま","Mukaehama Beach","島の北海岸にある向江浜（2015年の噴火に伴い閉鎖）、西ノ湯、および寝待温泉といった場所では土壌が掘り取られたところに地下から熱水が湧いてきます。","Hot water bubbles up from underground where soil is dug away in such places as Mukaehama Beach (closed after the 2015 eruption) and Nishinoyu and Nemachi hot springs on the north coast of the island. "]
[5462,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","金峯神社","かなみねじんじゃ","Kanamine Jinja Shrine","金峯神社は口永良部島の主要な神社で、神主がいる島で唯一の神社です。","Kanamine Jinja Shrine is the main shrine on Kuchinoerabujima and the only shrine on the island with a chief priest."]
[5463,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","芸能・興行・イベント","棒踊り","ぼうおどり","bo-odori","棒踊りでは、男性たちが半身もしくは全身の長さの棒を持って、互いに対峙します。","In the bo-odori pole dance, men face each other holding half- or full-length poles.","※「bo-odori」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「pole dance」も使用することも可能。"]
[5464,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","芸能・興行・イベント","日の本踊り","ひのもとおどり","hinomoto-odori","日の本踊りでは、女性たちが日本の日の丸が描かれた扇子を持ち、平和のための祈りとして、中世日本を支配していた平家が敗退した戦いの一つである、一ノ谷の戦いのことを詠った歌に合わせて踊ります。","In the hinomoto-odori, women hold fans decorated with Japan’s rising sun and, as a prayer for peace, dance to a song about the Battle of Ichinotani, one of the battles in which medieval Japan’s ruling Heike family suffered a defeat. ","※「hinomoto-odori」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[5465,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","花尾神社","はなおじんじゃ","Hanao Jinja Shrine","金峯神社の隣に位置する花尾神社は、本土の鹿児島市にある花尾神社本社の分社です。","Hanao Jinja Shrine, located next to Kanamine Jinja Shrine, is an auxiliary of the main Hanao Jinja in the city of Kagoshima on the mainland."]
[5466,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","権現神社","ごんげんじんじゃ","Gongen Jinja Shrine","権現神社は口永良部島の東部に位置する湯向温泉の神を祀っています。","Gongen Jinja Shrine enshrines the deity of Yumugi hot spring, which is located on the east side of Kuchinoerabujima. "]
[5467,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）公益財団法人屋久島環境文化財団","温泉","湯向温泉","ゆむぎおんせん","Yumugi hot spring","権現神社は口永良部島の東部に位置する湯向温泉の神を祀っています。","Gongen Jinja Shrine enshrines the deity of Yumugi hot spring, which is located on the east side of Kuchinoerabujima. "]
[5468,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","ノロ","のろ","noro","明治（1868–1912）初期まで、この神社を管理していたのは琉球信仰の女性司祭である祝女ノロでした。","The shrine was under the care of a noro, a female priestess of the Ryukyuan religion, until the early years of the Meiji era (1868–1912)."]
[5469,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","その他","旧暦","きゅうれき","kyureki","その大半は、現代の暦よりも月齢に沿った、旧暦と呼ばれる古い太陰暦に従うものです。","The majority of these follow the old calendar called the kyureki, which follows the phases of the moon."]
[5470,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","年中行事","ウマチー","うまちー","Umachi","5月の第15日（太陰暦）\nウマチー：人々が豊作を祈り、初穂を供えます。","Fifth Month, 15th Day (Lunar Calendar)\nUmachi: People pray for a rich harvest and make an offering of the first ears of rice."]
[5471,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","年中行事","種取り祭り","たねとりさい","Tanetorisai ","種取り祭り：かつて、これは年間で最も重要な祭りでした。前年の稲刈りから良い種籾と悪い種籾が分けられ、良い種籾は来季の田植え用として農家へ配布されました。","Tenth Month (Lunar Calendar)\nTanetorisai Festival: This was once the most important festival of the year. Seeds from the previous year’s rice harvest were separated into good and bad seeds. The good ones were distributed to the farmers for the next season’s planting. "]
[5472,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","末御願","しうーがん","Shiugan","12月（現代の暦）\n末御願：1年間を無事に過ごせたことに人々が感謝します。","December (Modern Calendar) \nShiugan: People thank the gods for their protection over the previous year."]
[5473,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","年中行事","初御願","はちうがん","Hachiugan","1月\n初御願：その年初の祈りを捧げます。","January\nHachiugan: People say the first prayers of the year."]
[5474,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","芸能・興行・イベント","綱引き","つなひき","tugs-of-war","沖縄では、夏や秋の村行事の一環として全域で綱引きを開催します。渡嘉敷もその例外ではありません。","Tugs-of-war are held all around Okinawa as part of village festivals in summer and autumn, and Tokashiki is no exception. "]
[5475,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","年中行事","浜下り","はまうり","Hamauri","「浜へと下る」を意味する沖縄の言葉、浜下りは、旧暦3月3日に行われる女性の祭事を指して使われることがあります。","Hamauri, an Okinawan word meaning “descent to the beach,” sometimes refers to the women’s festival held on the third day of the third month in the old lunar calendar. "]
[5476,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","植物","アカマタ","あかまた","Akamata","この祭事は、アカマタが人間に化けた妖怪の子を身篭った高貴な女性が、海に浸かってその子を流したという伝説に由来しています。","The festival has its origins in the legend of an Okinawan noblewoman who went into the sea to get rid of her baby after being impregnated by Akamata, a Ryukyuan odd-tooth snake who had taken human form."]
[5477,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","芸能・興行・イベント","慶良間太鼓","けらまだいこ","Kerama Daiko","慶良間太鼓の代表的なパフォーマンスは、慶良間諸島の景色や天候、慣習から着想を得た5部構成の作品です。","Kerama Daiko’s signature performance piece is a composition in five parts inspired by the landscape, weather, and customs of the Keramas."]
[5478,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","芸能・興行・イベント","エイサー","えいさー","Eisa","エイサーは、昔から太陰暦の7月15日に先祖を供養する盆（旧盆）で踊られてきた沖縄の民族舞踏です。","Eisa is an Okinawan folk dance that was traditionally performed at the Okinawan Festival of the Dead (kyubon) in commemoration of the ancestors on the 15th day of the seventh month of the traditional lunar calendar."]
[5479,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","その他","マルレ","まるれ","Maru-Re","特攻艇は、連絡船の頭文字であるレを書いてそれを丸（〇）で囲ったことから「マルレ」と呼ばれていました。","The boats were known as Maru-Re, a name derived from the first syllable of renrakusen (liaison boat) written inside a circle (maru in Japanese)."]
[5480,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","動物","オオゴマダラ","おおごまだら","large tree nymph","オオゴマダラは、沖縄県の県蝶に指定され、日本では最大級の蝶です。","The large tree nymph, the official prefectural butterfly of Okinawa, is one of the largest in Japan."]
[5481,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","動物","サシバ","さしば","gray-faced buzzard","サシバは、寒露と言われる10月始め頃から飛来するタカの仲間です。","Gray-faced buzzards, which migrate here from early October, are classified as raptors. "]
[5482,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","建造物等","ヒンプン","ひんぷん","hinpun","正面の石積みは「ヒンプン」と呼ばれ、外からの目隠しと魔除けの意味を持ちます。","The short standalone wall at the entrance, known as a hinpun, was meant to deter both prying eyes and evil spirits."]
[5483,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","動物","オカヤドカリ","おおやどかり","land hermit crab ","オカヤドカリは、日本国内では小笠原諸島と琉球列島に分布しています。","In Japan, land hermit crabs are found principally in the Ogasawara and Ryukyu Islands. "]
[5484,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","書物","琉球国由来記","りゅうきゅうゆうらいき","Ryukyukoku Yuraiki","17世紀の中頃に薩摩から慶良間に持ち帰られたと「琉球国由来記」に記されています。","According to the Ryukyukoku Yuraiki, an account of the origins of the Ryukyu Kingdom, they were originally brought to the Keramas from Satsuma (present-day Kagoshima Prefecture) and released on Kuba Island in the mid-seventeenth century."]
[5485,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","動物","オキナワイチモンジハムシ","おきなわいちもんじはむし","Okinawa leaf beetle","オキナワイチモンジハムシは、体長は9mm程で、濃い青緑色の金属光沢の翅と、胸部のオレンジ色のコントラストが美しいハムシの仲間です。","Okinawa leaf beetles present a strong color contrast, with blue-green wings of metallic luster set against an orange pronotum marked with a row of black dots. "]
[5486,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","その他","防潮林","ほうしょうりん","protector of the shoreline","アダンは、潮風に強く海岸線の防風・防潮林として人々の暮らしを守る役割を担ってきました。","The adan tree (Pandanus tectorius), or screw pine, plays an important role on the islands by acting both as a wind break and protector of the shoreline."]
[5487,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","建造物等","相方積み","あいかたづみ","aikata-zumi method","「相方積み」と呼ばれる特殊技法で積み上げられています。","It was built using the aikata-zumi method, the most sophisticated and precise wall-building technique in Okinawa."]
[5488,"沖縄県","（慶良間諸島国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","食","鰹節","かつおぶし","blocks of cured bonito","このレンガ構造物は、鰹節製造工場の煙突の一部が残されたものです。","This brick structure is a part of the chimney of a factory that made blocks of cured bonito (katsuobushi)."]
[5489,"北海道","札幌市","芸能・興行・イベント","さっぽろ雪まつり","さっぽろゆきまつり","Sapporo Snow Festival ","さっぽろ雪まつりは毎年2月に1週間にわたり開催される、雪と氷の祭典です。","The Sapporo Snow Festival is a celebration of snow and ice held for one week each February. "]
[5490,"北海道","札幌市","庭園・公園","J:COMひろば","じぇいこむひろば"," J:COM Square","1丁目には、札幌テレビ塔がある「J:COMひろば」があります。","1-chome is J:COM Square, the location of the Sapporo TV Tower. "]
[5491,"北海道","札幌市","庭園・公園","STV広場","えすてぃーびーひろば","STV Square","4丁目の「STV広場」は一つ目の大雪像があります。このブロックには飲食のコーナーもあります。","4-chome is STV Square, with the first of the large snow sculptures and dining options."]
[5492,"北海道","札幌市","テーマ施設等","大通公園","おおどおりこうえん","Odori Park ","大通公園は1950年に雪まつりが初めて開催された会場で、今でもさっぽろ雪まつりのメイン会場です。","Odori Park was the site of the original Sapporo Snow Festival in 1950 and is still the main venue."]
[5493,"北海道","札幌市","テーマ施設等","市民の広場","しみんのひろば","Citizens’ Squares","9丁目は「市民の広場」で、札幌市民による多くの雪像が並びます。","9-chome is Citizens’ Square and features many sculptures by Sapporo citizens."]
[5494,"北海道","札幌市","芸能・興行・イベント","大雪像","だいせつぞう","large snow sculpture","雪まつりには通常、最大で3万トンの雪が必要になり、そのうち半分の雪が大雪像に使われます。","Up to 30,000 tons of snow are needed for the festival each year, about half of which is used for the large snow sculptures. "]
[5495,"北海道","札幌市","芸能・興行・イベント","プロジェクションマッピング","ぷろじぇくしょんまっぴんぐ","projection mapping","夜間は、イルミネーションやプロジェクションマッピングによって、純白の雪像や大通公園の景色に鮮やかな色彩が降り注ぎます。 ","At night, brilliant colors wash over the pure white sculptures and the surrounding landscape at Odori Park through the use of illumination and projection mapping. "]
[5496,"北海道","札幌市","芸能・興行・イベント","市民雪像","しみんせつぞう","Citizens’ Snow Sculptures","しかしながら、地元住民は「市民雪像」の制作に参加する機会があります。","However, the local community also has an opportunity to participate in the “Citizens’ Snow Sculptures” category. "]
[5497,"北海道","札幌市","芸能・興行・イベント","国際雪像コンクール","こくさいせつぞうこんくーる","International Snow Sculpture Competition","国際雪像コンクールは、大通公園の11丁目地区で見ることができます。","The international sculpture competition takes place in the 11-chome block of Odori Park."]
[5498,"北海道","札幌市","山岳","大倉山","おおくらやま","Mt. Okura","タワーからは、天気が良い日には大倉山のオリンピックスキージャンプ台まで見渡せます。","From the tower, it is possible to see all the way to the Olympic ski jump on Mt. Okura in clear weather. "]
[5499,"北海道","札幌市","テーマ施設等","白い恋人 PARK AIR ジャンプ台","しろいこいびとぱーくえあーじゃんぷだい"," Shiroi Koibito Park Air Jump","日本のトップクラスのスキーヤーやスノーボーダーの多くが、札幌の白い恋人PARKAIRジャンプにやって来ます。","Many top-ranked skiers and snowboarders in Japan travel to Sapporo for the Shiroi Koibito Park Air Jump. "]
[5500,"北海道","札幌市","建造物等","つどーむ","つどーむ","Tsudome","つどーむ会場は大通公園から約10キロのところにあり、様々な屋外のウィンタースポーツと楽しいアクティビティを提供してくれます。","The Tsudome venue is located about 10 kilometers away from Odori Park and features a variety of outdoor winter sports and recreational activities. "]
[5501,"北海道","札幌市","テーマ施設等","わくわくスノーパーク","わくわくすのーぱーく","Waku Waku Snow Park","わくわくスノーパークには4つのエリアがあります。雪の迷路エリア、雪のトンネルエリア、雪だるまを作るエリア、雪遊びのエリア、です。","The Waku Waku Snow Park includes four areas: a snow maze, a snow tunnel, a site for building snowmen, and an area for general snow play. "]
[5502,"北海道","札幌市","テーマ施設等","雪育ひろば","ゆきいくひろば","Snow Education Squar","雪育ひろばは、雪とウィンタースポーツについての情報を提供します。","The Snow Education Square provides information about snow and winter sports, complete with virtual reality (VR) experiences of winter sports such as ice hockey."]
[5503,"北海道","札幌市","テーマ施設等","キッズパーク","きっずぱーく","Kids Park","キッズパークには、空気で膨らませた大きなすべり台や、北海道の形をしたバウンスエリアを含め、登ったりジャンプしたりするアクティビティがあります。","Kids Park has a large inflatable slide and other climbing and jumping activities, including a bouncing area in the shape of Hokkaido."]
[5504,"北海道","札幌市","食","札幌グルメクーポン","さっぽろぐるめくーぽん","Sapporo Gourmet Coupon","鑑賞者は、さっぽろグルメクーポンというアプリを使って、自分のお気に入りに投票できます。","Viewers can vote for their favorite using an app called Sapporo Gourmet Coupon. "]
[5505,"北海道","札幌市","芸能・興行・イベント","すすきのアイスワールド","すすきのあいすわーるど","Susukino Ice World ","すすきのは札幌のナイトライフの中心地であり、すすきのアイスワールドにはライトアップされた氷像がきらきらと飾られています。","Susukino is the center of nightlife in Sapporo, and Susukino Ice World is the setting for a sparkling display of illuminated ice sculptures. "]
[5506,"北海道","札幌市","芸能・興行・イベント","氷像","ひょうぞう","ice sculpture","通りの中央には、地元のホテルやレストランのシェフが彫った60の精巧な氷像が並びます。","Sixty elaborate ice sculptures carved by chefs from local hotels and restaurants line the center of the street. "]
[5507,"北海道","札幌市","芸能・興行・イベント","イルミネーションロード","いるみねーしょんろーど","Illumination Road","ブロックEには、イルミネーションロードと呼ばれる光のトンネルと、氷像のデモンストレーションの会場があります。","At Block E is the canopy of lights called Illumination Road, as well as the site for ice-carving demonstrations."]
[5508,"北海道","札幌市","その他","福祉ボランティアハウス","ふくしぼらんてぃあはうす","Welfare Volunteer House","福祉ボランティアハウスでは、さっぽろ雪まつりの来場者を支援するサービスを提供しています。","Welfare Volunteer House provides services to assist visitors to the Sapporo Snow Festival. "]
[5509,"北海道","札幌市","芸能・興行・イベント","さっぽろ夏まつり","さっぽろなつまつり","Sapporo Summer Festival","さっぽろ夏まつりは、7月中旬から8月中旬にかけて札幌全体で1ヶ月間開催されます。","The Sapporo Summer Festival is a month-long celebration throughout Sapporo from mid-July to mid-August. "]
[5510,"北海道","札幌市","芸能・興行・イベント","福祉協賛ビアガーデン","ふくしきょうさんびあがーでん","Sapporo Odori Beer Garden","福祉協賛ビアガーデン\nさっぽろ夏まつりの目玉は、7月中旬から8月中旬にかけて大通公園で開催されるビアガーデンです。","Sapporo Odori Beer Garden\nThe mainstay of the Sapporo Summer Festival is the beer garden in Odori Park that runs from mid-July to mid-August."]
[5511,"北海道","札幌市","芸能・興行・イベント","北海盆踊り","ほっかいぼんおどり","Hokkai Bon Odori","さっぽろ夏祭りの最後のイベントの一つが、8月中旬に大通公園で行われる「北海盆踊り」です。","One of the final events at the Sapporo Summer Festival is the Hokkai Bon Odori at Odori Park in mid-August. "]
[5512,"北海道","札幌市","芸能・興行・イベント","すすきの祭り","すすきのまつり","Susukino Festival ","8月の最初の週末の3日間、夕方から夜にかけて「すすきの祭り」が開催されます。","The Susukino Festival is held during the evenings for three days over the first weekend in August."]
[5513,"北海道","札幌市","テーマ施設等","食い倒れ広場","くいだおれひろば","Kuidaore Square","祭りの雰囲気を知る上で重要なである「くいだおれ」は、5丁目の「くいだおれ広場」の名前にも登場するほどの言葉です。","The word kuidaore is a key term for understanding the atmosphere at the festival. It is a common buzzword, even appearing in the name “Kuidaore Square” in 5-chome."]
[5514,"北海道","札幌市","芸能・興行・イベント","さっぽろオータムフェスト","さっぽろおーたむふぇすと","Sapporo Autumn Fest ","さっぽろオータムフェストは大通公園の長さに匹敵するほど広がっており、1丁目、4丁目8丁目、10丁目、11丁目に出店のほとんどが集中しています。","Sapporo Autumn Fest occupies most of Odori Park, with offerings concentrated in 1-chome, 4-chome–8-chome, 10-chome, and 11-chome. "]
[5515,"北海道","札幌市","芸能・興行・イベント","サンバカーニバルパレード","さんばかーにばるぱれーど","Samba Carnival Parade","また、2日目には、新たに加わったブラジルのカーニバルをテーマにした「サンバカーニバルパレード」が開催されます。","Also on the second day is the newest addition to the festival, the Samba Carnival Parade. "]
[5516,"北海道","北海道ガーデン街道協議会","植物","グンネラ・マニカタ","ぐんねら・まにかた","Gunnera manicata","3メートルの高さまで成長するブラジル産のグンネラ・マニカタさえ高山植物と一緒に育成します。","Even Gunnera manicata, a plant from Brazil that grows up to three meters tall, thrives alongside alpine vegetation. "]
[5517,"北海道","北海道ガーデン街道協議会","山岳","射的山","しゃてきやま","Shateki Mountain","ファームの高い丘である射的山からは旭川地方の360度パノラマビューが見えます。","A high hill on the farm, a former shooting range for soldiers in training called Shateki Mountain, offers a 360-degree panoramic view of the Asahikawa region. "]
[5518,"北海道","北海道ガーデン街道協議会","庭園・公園","風のガーデン","かぜのがーでん","Wind Garden","風のガーデンの訪問者は全員、リゾートから車で送迎されてきます。","Visitors to the Wind Garden are driven there from the resort. "]
[5519,"北海道","北海道ガーデン街道協議会","庭園・公園","ナチュラリスティックアプローチ","なちゅらりすてぃっくあぷろーち","naturalistic approach","十勝千年の森は、ガーデンとは何か、どうあり得るのか、を考えるよう我々に突きつけているガーデニングに対するナチュラリスティックアプローチの例です。","Tokachi Millennium Forest (Tokachi Sennen no Mori) exemplifies a naturalistic approach to horticulture that considers what a garden is and could be. "]
[5520,"北海道","北海道ガーデン街道協議会","植物","針葉樹林","しんようじゅりん","conifers","これは、針葉樹を取り入れた初のガーデンで、また最大のものです。種は数100種で、特にトウヒ類があります。","Manabe Garden was the first and also the largest garden to feature conifers: there are hundreds of species, particularly spruce. "]
[5521,"北海道","北海道ガーデン街道協議会","食","十勝ロイヤルマンガリッツァ豚","とかちろいやるまんがりっつぁぶた","Tokachi Royal Mangalica pork","ファームレストラン「ヴィーズ」での食事は予約を推奨します。地元産の材料で作られた料理を出し、十勝ロイヤルマンガリッツァ豚が特徴です。","Reservations are suggested for dining at Farm Restaurant Viz, which serves dishes made with locally sourced ingredients and features Tokachi Royal Mangalica pork. "]
[5522,"北海道","北海道ガーデン街道協議会","人物・人名・役職名","紫竹おばあちゃん","しちくおばあちゃん","Grandma Shichiku","90歳を優に超えていても、紫竹おばあちゃんは、ガーデンの運営を続けています。","Although well into her nineties, Grandma Shichiku continues to run the garden."]
[5523,"北海道","北海道ガーデン街道協議会","テーマ施設等","六花の森","ろっかのもり","Rokka no Mori","六花の森は、河川、景色、木々や花々を、デザインやイラストの要素として取り入れたアート・ギャラリーです。","Rokka no Mori is an art gallery that incorporates waterways, the landscape, and trees and flowers as design and art elements. "]
[5524,"北海道","北海道ガーデン街道協議会","テーマ施設等","遊びの森","あそびのもり","Asobi no Mori","子ども向けのアクティビティのほとんどは、遊びの森（Play Forest）と呼ばれるエリアにあります。","Most of the activities geared for children are in an area called Asobi no Mori, meaning “Play Forest.”"]
[5525,"北海道","北海道ガーデン街道協議会","人物・人名・役職名","ノーム","のーむ","gnomes","庭の手入れをするため夜にはノーム（妖精）が現れるというのも 信じられるほどの佇まいです。","It is easy to believe that gnomes come out at night here to tend the garden. "]
[5526,"北海道","北海道ガーデン街道協議会","レジャー・アクティビティ","押し花ワークショップ","おしばなわーくしょっぷ","pressed-flower workshop","週末に来た訪問客は、押し花ワークショップで、思い出をつくることもできます。それはおよそ1時間で出来上がります。","Visitors here on the weekend can also make a memento of their visit at the pressed-flower workshop, a project that takes about an hour.  "]
[5527,"北海道","北海道ガーデン街道協議会","動物","道産子","どさんこ","dosanko","馬は道産子と呼ばれる北海道原産の品種のものです。","The horses are a breed native to Hokkaido known as dosanko. "]
[5528,"北海道","北海道ガーデン街道協議会","建造物等","真正閣","しんしょうかく","Shinshokaku","日本庭園にある2つの建物は特筆すべきです。 1つは『真正閣』として知られています。","Two buildings in the Japanese Garden are noteworthy. One is known as Shinshokaku. "]
[5529,"北海道","北海道ガーデン街道協議会","庭園・公園","ナチュラルオアシス","なちゅらるおあしす","Natural Oasis","「十勝ヒルズ」には、『フラワーアイランズ』、『ナチュラルオアシス』という大きな池、そして空を映し出す青い花の海『スカイミラー』があります。","Tokachi Hills encompasses flower islands, a large pond called Natural Oasis, and the Sky Mirror, a sea of flowers that echoes the blue above. "]
[5530,"北海道","北海道ガーデン街道協議会","庭園・公園","紫竹ガーデン","しちくがーでん","Shichiku Garden","「紫竹ガーデン」への来園の際には、ここを作った女性との出会い、朝食、そして庭自体の散策の3つを体験することが含まれるべきでしょう。","A visit to Shichiku Garden should include three things: meeting the woman who created the place, breakfast, and exploring the garden itself. "]
[5531,"北海道","北海道ガーデン街道協議会","書物","サイロ","さいろ","Silo","他の物は坂本の自然風景の中に見つかり、十勝地域の小学生からの作品を紹介する子供の詩集『サイロ』で紹介されています。","Others house Sakamoto’s natural landscapes and are featured in Silo, a children’s poetry magazine featuring works from elementary school students in the Tokachi area. "]
[5532,"北海道","北海道ガーデン街道協議会","河川・渓谷","層雲峡","そううんきょう","Sounkyo","大雪森のガーデンから車でわずか30分のところに層雲峡と呼ばれる温泉街があります。","Just a 30-minute drive away from Daisetsu Mori Garden is an onsen (hot spring) resort town called Sounkyo."]
[5533,"北海道","北海道ガーデン街道協議会","テーマ施設等","上野ファーム","うえのふぁーむ","Ueno Farm","「上野ファーム」の緑と花は、共に自然で丁寧に演出されており、「北海道ガーデン」として知られるようになったものの先駆的なモデルとなっています。 ","The greenery and flowers at Ueno Farm are at once wild and carefully orchestrated, providing the pioneering model of what has become known as a “Hokkaido Garden.” "]
[5534,"北海道","北海道ガーデン街道協議会","その他","富良野塾","ふらのじゅく","Furano Juku (Furano School)","ドラマがヒットした後、彼はこの地に「富良野塾」という、脚本家と役者のためのドラマスクールを設立しました。","After the show became a hit, he established a drama school for scriptwriters and actors here called Furano Juku (Furano School)."]
[5535,"北海道","北海道ガーデン街道協議会","人物・人名・役職名","ダン・ピアソン","だん・ぴあそん","Dan Pearson","世界で最も影響力のある庭園およびランドスケープデザイナーの1人であるダン・ピアソンは、20年以上前に、日本で最も優れたランドスケープデザイナーの1人である高野文彰とともに、庭園の概念的枠組みを設計しました。","Dan Pearson, one of the world’s most influential garden and landscape designers naturalistic gardening designed the garden’s conceptual framework more than two decades ago with Fumiaki Takano, one of the foremost landscape designers in Japan. "]
[5536,"北海道","北海道ガーデン街道協議会","動物","エゾリス","えぞりす","Ezo squirrels","バラ園や屋外彫刻ギャラリー近くの丸太柵は、北海道原産の野生エゾリスの遊び場として設計されています。","A lattice of logs near the rose garden and an outdoor sculpture gallery is designed as a play area for wild Ezo squirrels, a species native to Hokkaido.\t"]
[5537,"北海道","北海道ガーデン街道協議会","食","丸勝","まるかつ","Marukatsu","十勝ヒルズの親会社である丸勝は農産物商社です。","The parent company of Tokachi Hills, Marukatsu, is an agricultural trading company. "]
[5538,"北海道","北海道ガーデン街道協議会","人物・人名・役職名","紫竹昭葉","しちくあきよ","Shichiku Akiyo","紫竹昭葉さんは、当時、耕作放棄地となった農地を購入し、ゆっくりと現在のお花のオアシスへと変貌させました。","Shichiku Akiyo purchased an abandoned farm back then, and slowly transformed the landscape into the flowering oasis it is today. "]
[5539,"北海道","北海道ガーデン街道協議会","人物・人名・役職名","小田豊","おだゆたか","Oda Yutaka","この庭園は、帯広の近くで人気の菓子屋、六花亭の元社長である小田豊のアイデアでした。","This garden was the idea of Oda Yutaka, the former president of Rokkatei, a popular confectioner founded in nearby Obihiro. "]
[5540,"北海道","北海道ガーデン街道協議会","テーマ施設等","鳥の目になるテラス","とりのめになるてらす","Bird’s Eye Terrace ","「鳥の目になるテラス」は、大きな樹の幹の周りにつくられた高床式のウッドデッキです。","The Bird’s Eye Terrace is an elevated wooden deck, built around the trunks of huge trees. "]
[5541,"北海道","北海道ガーデン街道協議会","植物","白樺","しらかば","White Birch","上野ファームには、パープルウォーク、ロングボーダー、白樺の小径、サークルボーダー、ミラーボーダーなど探索するさまざまな庭園があります。","There are various gardens to explore here, with names like Purple Walk, Long Border, White Birch Path, Circle Border, and Mirror Border. "]
[5542,"北海道","北海道ガーデン街道協議会","人物・人名・役職名","上野砂由紀","うえのさゆき","Ueno Sayuki ","これは上野ファームの上野砂由紀さんが作ったイギリスのカントリーガーデンです。","This is an English country-style garden that was created by Ueno Sayuki of Ueno Farm. "]
[5543,"北海道","北海道ガーデン街道協議会","庭園・公園","ナチュラリスティックガーデニング","なちゅらりすてぃっくがーでにんぐ","naturalistic gardening","十勝千年の森はナチュラリスティックガーデニングの主要例である一方、その中央部のほとんどには階段のない木造と砂利敷きの道が作られています。","Although Tokachi Millennium Forest is a prime example of naturalistic gardening, most of the central areas have wooden and gravel paths, without steps."]
[5544,"北海道","北海道ガーデン街道協議会","動物","錦鯉","にしきごい","carp","日本庭園で中心的なのは、錦鯉が多く放たれている池です。","The focal point of the Japanese Garden is a pond filled with carp (nishikigoi). "]
[5545,"北海道","北海道ガーデン街道協議会","温泉","幕別温泉","まくべつおんせん","Makubetsu Onsen","十勝ヒルズからそう遠くないところに、十勝カルメル会修道院と幕別温泉があります。","Not far from Tokachi Hills are the Tokachi Carmelite Monastery and Makubetsu Onsen. "]
[5546,"北海道","北海道ガーデン街道協議会","人物・人名・役職名","青木三四郎","あおきさんしろう","Aoki Sanshiro","彫刻家の青木三四郎氏が制作した野生動物の彫刻が森の中や川沿いに隠されています。","Wild animal sculptures created by Aoki Sanshiro can be found in the forest and along the river. "]
[5547,"北海道","北海道ガーデン街道協議会","動物","ヒメマス","ひめます","Himemasu salmon","私たちヒメマスは、世界のさまざまな地域で「コカニーサーモン」と呼ばれる陸封型のサケの一種です。","We himemasu salmon are a species of landlocked salmon called kokanee salmon in some parts of the world.","「Kokanee salmon」はカナダ呼称である可能性があり（環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所より）アメリカ英語のスタンダードな表現を調査し「Himemasu salmon」としましたが、地域によっては「Kokanee salmon」と表現している場合もあります。"]
[5548,"北海道","北海道ガーデン街道協議会","人物・人名・役職名","坂東優","ばんどうゆう","Bando Yu","アート作品は庭園のあちこちに点在しており、緑あふれる小高い丘の上でシンボルとなっているロダンの彫刻『考える人』からインスピレーションを受けた坂東優氏の作品などが見られます。","Scattered throughout the garden are artworks like the metallic sculpture by Bando Yu inspired by Rodin’s The Thinker that sits on a grassy knoll. "]
[5549,"北海道","北海道ガーデン街道協議会","建造物等","とかち帯広空港","とかちおびひろくうこう","Tokachi Obihiro Airport","とかち帯広空港からこの5つのガーデンへ車でまわるのが最適なルートです。","Tokachi Obihiro Airport is the best way to reach these five gardens and tour them by car."]
[5550,"北海道","北海道ガーデン街道協議会","庭園・公園","北海道ガーデン街道","ほっかいどうがーでんかいどう","Hokkaido Garden Way ","北海道ガーデン街道の250kmに沿った8つのガーデンは１セットの観光の機会です。さまざまな地形、壮大な自然環境、野外アドベンチャー、温泉、魅力的な人々とコミュニティ、おいしい郷土料理や飲み物などがあります。","The eight gardens along the 250-kilometer Hokkaido Garden Way offer a panoply of sightseeing opportunities: diverse terrain, spectacular natural environments, outdoor adventure, hot spring bathing, fascinating people and communities, and delectable local dishes and drink. "]
[5551,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","鹽竈神社","しおがまじんじゃ","Shiogama Jinja Shrine","正確な年代は不明ですが、鹽竈神社は奈良時代（710–794）より前に創建されたと考えられています。","Shiogama Jinja Shrine is thought to have been founded before the Nara period (710–794), although the exact year is unknown. ","※初出時のみ\"Shiogama Jinja Shrine\"とし、同じ章や段落の中で繰り返す場合は、\"Shiogama Jinja\"と表記した。"]
[5552,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","人物・人名・役職名","鹽土老翁神","しおつちのおじのかみ","Shiotsuchi Oji no Kami","海の守護神であり人々に製塩の方法を伝授した鹽土老翁神（シオツチノオジノカミ）は別宮に祀られています。","Shiotsuchi Oji no Kami, who protects the ocean and taught people the secret of salt-making, is enshrined in the detached sanctuary (betsugu)."]
[5553,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","人物・人名・役職名","武甕槌神","たけみかづちのかみ","Takemikazuchi no Kami","戦の神である武甕槌神（タケミカヅチノカミ）と経津主神（フツヌシノカミ）はそれぞれ左宮と右宮に祀られています。","The warrior deities Takemikazuchi no Kami and Futsunushi no Kami are respectively enshrined in the left and right sanctuaries (sagu and ugu)."]
[5554,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","人物・人名・役職名","経津主神","ふつぬしのかみ","Futsunushi no Kami","戦の神である武甕槌神（タケミカヅチノカミ）と経津主神（フツヌシノカミ）はそれぞれ左宮と右宮に祀られています。","The warrior deities Takemikazuchi no Kami and Futsunushi no Kami are respectively enshrined in the left and right sanctuaries (sagu and ugu)."]
[5555,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","志波彦神社","しわひこじんじゃ","Shiwahiko Jinja","志波彦神社は、塩竈地域の守護神でもある農耕の神・志波彦神（シワヒコノカミ）を祀っています。","Shiwahiko Jinja is dedicated to Shiwahiko no Kami, the god of agriculture, who is also the guardian deity of the Shiogama area. ","※初出時は\"Shiwahiko Jinja Shrine\"と表記する"]
[5556,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","人物・人名・役職名","志波彦神","しわひこのこみ","Shiwahiko no Kami","志波彦神社は、塩竈地域の守護神でもある農耕の神・志波彦神（シワヒコノカミ）を祀っています。","Shiwahiko Jinja is dedicated to Shiwahiko no Kami, the god of agriculture, who is also the guardian deity of the Shiogama area. "]
[5557,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","年中行事","帆手祭","ほてまつり"," Hote Matsuri festival","春には日没後に桜がライトアップされ、「帆手祭(ほてまつり) 」では16人の男たちが重さ1トンの神輿を担いで202段の石段を下ります。","In the spring, the cherry blossoms are illuminated after dark, and during the Hote Matsuri festival, 16 men carry a 1-ton mikoshi portable shrine down the 202 steep stone steps."]
[5558,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","年中行事","みなと祭","みなとまつり","Minato Matsuri","夏の「みなと祭」では、両神社の神輿が龍や鳳凰を模した華やかな船に乗せられ、松島湾を巡幸します。","For the summertime Minato Matsuri (Port Festival), mikoshi for both shrines are loaded onto elaborate dragon- and phoenix-shaped boats and then floated around Matsushima Bay."]
[5559,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","年中行事","初穂曳","はつほひき","Hatsuhohiki Harvest Festival","1月23日に行われる収穫祭「初穂曳（はつほひき）」には、本殿の前の広場が豊穣と大漁に感謝して捧げられた米俵や巨大な魚、野菜で埋め尽くされます。","During the Hatsuhohiki Harvest Festival, held on November 23, the plaza in front of Shiogama Jinja is filled with barrels of rice, huge fish, and vegetables, in gratitude for a bountiful catch and harvest. "]
[5560,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","藻塩焼神事","もしおやきしんじ","moshioyaki salt-making ritual","この古くから伝わる塩づくりの儀式は、年に一度、鹽竈神社のふもとの門前町地域にある御釜神社で行われます。","The ancient moshioyaki salt-making ritual takes place once a year at Okama Jinja Shrine, located in the Monzenmachi area at the foot of Shiogama Jinja Shrine. "]
[5561,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","その他","伊達家","だてけ","Date family","これらの刀剣から、伊達家が仙台を治めていた時代の間に刀剣づくりがどのように変化したかを知ることができます。","The swords show the evolution of sword-making during the period the Date family ruled the Sendai area."]
[5562,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","工芸・美術品","刃紋","はもん","hamon","鞘や鍔の精巧なデザインや刃紋の美しさは、仙台藩の刀工が高い技術を持っていたことの証です。","The intricate designs on the scabbards and guards, as well as the beauty of the hamon (edge patterns on the blade), are a testament to the skill of the Sendai domain’s swordsmiths."]
[5563,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","集落・街","門前町","もんぜんまち","Monzenmachi","「門の前の町（gate-front town）」という意味である門前町は、重要な神社や寺院の門の付近につくられた町を指す語です。","The term monzenmachi means “gate-front town” and refers to settlements established near the entrance gates of important shrines or temples. "]
[5564,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","食","延縄","はえなわ","longline","この市場の目玉商品であるクロマグロは、網ではなく延縄を使って漁獲されます。","The prized black tuna sold at this market are caught using longlines, rather than nets."]
[5565,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","食","胃袋","いぶくろ","belly","季節に応じて、マグロの胃袋・白子・魚卵や人気の高いニシガイ、アカマンボウなどが寿司屋のお品書きに登場します。","Depending on the season, tuna belly, tuna shirako (milt) and roe, the sought-after nishigai (Asian rapa whelk), or akamanbo (moonfish, or opah) may be featured on the menu. "]
[5566,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","食","白子","しらこ","shirako (milt) ","季節に応じて、マグロの胃袋・白子・魚卵や人気の高いニシガイ、アカマンボウなどが寿司屋のお品書きに登場します。","Depending on the season, tuna belly, tuna shirako (milt) and roe, the sought-after nishigai (Asian rapa whelk), or akamanbo (moonfish, or opah) may be featured on the menu. "]
[5567,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","食","魚卵","ぎょらん","roe","季節に応じて、マグロの胃袋・白子・魚卵や人気の高いニシガイ、アカマンボウなどが寿司屋のお品書きに登場します。","Depending on the season, tuna belly, tuna shirako (milt) and roe, the sought-after nishigai (Asian rapa whelk), or akamanbo (moonfish, or opah) may be featured on the menu. "]
[5568,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","食","ニシガイ","にしがい","nishigai (Asian rapa whelk)","季節に応じて、マグロの胃袋・白子・魚卵や人気の高いニシガイ、アカマンボウなどが寿司屋のお品書きに登場します。","Depending on the season, tuna belly, tuna shirako (milt) and roe, the sought-after nishigai (Asian rapa whelk), or akamanbo (moonfish, or opah) may be featured on the menu. "]
[5569,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","食","アカマンボウ","あかまんぼう","akamanbo  (moonfish, or opah)","季節に応じて、マグロの胃袋・白子・魚卵や人気の高いニシガイ、アカマンボウなどが寿司屋のお品書きに登場します。","Depending on the season, tuna belly, tuna shirako (milt) and roe, the sought-after nishigai (Asian rapa whelk), or akamanbo (moonfish, or opah) may be featured on the menu. "]
[5570,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","食","かまぼこ","かまぼこ","kamaboko","かまぼこは、売れ残った魚を利用する手段のひとつとして生まれたすり身の加工食品です。","Kamaboko are cured surimi (ground fish) cakes that originated as a way to use unsold fish."]
[5571,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","食","笹かま","ささかま","sasakama","笹かまは、主にキチジなどの白身魚のすり身と塩などの天然調味料で作られています。","Sasakama are made with ground white fish, mainly kichiji rockfish, mixed with salt and other natural flavorings. "]
[5572,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","食","キチジ","きちじ","kichiji rockfish","笹かまは、主にキチジなどの白身魚のすり身と塩などの天然調味料で作られています。","Sasakama are made with ground white fish, mainly kichiji rockfish, mixed with salt and other natural flavorings. "]
[5573,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","河川・渓谷","嵯峨渓","さがけい","Sagakei Gorge","日本の三大渓のひとつとされる嵯峨渓は、渓流ではなく海の波によってつくられた唯一の峡谷です。","Sagakei Gorge is considered one of Japan’s “Three Great Gorges” and is the only one created by ocean waves, rather than by a river. "]
[5574,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","その他","オルレ","おるれ","olle","オルレの発祥地である韓国では、この言葉は「自宅と主要道路をつなぐ路地」という意味です。","In Korea, where olle originated, the word means “the alley that connects the main road to your home.” "]
[5575,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","城跡・城郭・宮殿","多賀城","たがじょう","Tagajo Castle","現在では過去の権勢の名残はほとんど失われてしまいましたが、多賀城はかつて、東北地方の権力・行政・文化の主要拠点でした。","Tagajo Castle was once a major center of power, administration, and culture in the Tohoku region, although little remains of this once powerful edifice today. "]
[5576,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","郷土景観","末の松山","すえのまつやま","Suenomatsuyama Hill","末の松山と興井（沖ノ井）","Suenomatsuyama Hill and Oki no I","※初出時は\"Suenomatsuyama Hill\"とし、同じ章や段落で「末の松山」の用語を使用する際は、\"Suenomatsuyama\"とした。"]
[5577,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","郷土景観","興井","おきのい","Oki no I","末の松山と興井（沖ノ井）","Suenomatsuyama Hill and Oki no I"]
[5578,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","芸能・興行・イベント","多賀城跡あやめまつり","たがじょうあやめまつり","Tagajo Iris Festival","30年以上前から開催されている多賀城跡あやめまつりでは、水田跡に約800種300万本のあやめが咲き誇ります。","The Tagajo Iris Festival, which has taken place for over 30 years, features 3 million Japanese irises of around 800 different varieties rising out of former rice fields. "]
[5579,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","食","しろのむらさき","しろのむらさき","Shiro no Murasaki (Purple Rice)","しろのむらさき (紫色のお米)","Shiro no Murasaki (Purple Rice)"]
[5580,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","建造物等","観瀾亭","かんらんてい","Kanrantei","伊達家の統治の時代には、大名や姫、特使などの賓客だけが、観瀾亭の敷地内に宿泊する栄誉にあずかりました。","During the Date family’s rule, only honored guests such as visiting lords, princesses, and special envoys had the privilege of lodging on Kanrantei’s grounds, which used to include 10 additional buildings. "]
[5581,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","瑞巌寺","ずいがんじ","Zuiganji Temple","瑞巌寺は、雄藩であった仙台藩（現在の宮城県を含む地域）の初代藩主であり、仙台市の礎を築いた伊達政宗（1567-1636）の命により、1609年に再建されました。","Zuiganji Temple was rebuilt in 1609 by Date Masamune (1567–1636), the founder of the city of Sendai and the first ruler of the powerful Sendai domain (which encompassed today’s Miyagi Prefecture). "]
[5582,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","動物","ヒメマス","ひめます","Himemasu salmon","私たちヒメマスは、世界のさまざまな地域で「コカニーサーモン」と呼ばれる陸封型のサケの一種です。","We himemasu salmon are a species of landlocked salmon called kokanee salmon in some parts of the world.","「Kokanee salmon」はカナダ呼称である可能性があり（環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所より）アメリカ英語のスタンダードな表現を調査し「Himemasu salmon」としましたが、地域によっては「Kokanee salmon」と表現している場合もあります。"]
[5583,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","文王の間","ぶんおうのま","Bun’o no Ma","領主や客人に茶や菓子を出す係の詰所だった「松の間」には比較的簡素な鶏や鳩の絵が描かれていますが、政宗と側近の部屋であった「文王の間」では、壁全面を中国の伝説に登場する桃源郷の精緻な絵画が覆っています。","The Matsu no Ma (“Pine Room”), where tea servers waited to bring refreshments to lords and visitors, is decorated with relatively simple paintings of roosters and doves; but in the Bun’o no Ma, reserved for Masamune and his closest advisors, an exquisitely detailed painting of a legendary Chinese utopia covers the walls. "]
[5584,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","史跡","大木囲貝塚","だいぎがこいかいづか","Daigigakoi Shell Mound","七ヶ浜歴史資料館から歩いてすぐの場所にある巨大な大木囲貝塚は、考古学者たちに重要な発見をもたらしました。","The massive Daigigakoi Shell Mound, located a short walk from the Shichigahama Historical Museum, has led to important discoveries for archaeologists. "]
[5585,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","その他","緩衝地帯","かんしょうちたい","buffer zone","緩衝地帯は核心地域を取り囲むように設けられており、ビジターは核心地域と同じような森林地帯を体験することができる。","The buffer zone encircles the core zone, and there visitors can experience forested terrain similar to that of the core zone."]
[5586,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","植物","腐植土","ふしょくど","humus","落ちた葉は林床の養分豊富な腐植土になる。","After the leaves fall, they contribute to the rich humus of the forest floor."]
[5587,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","郷土景観","原生地域","げんせいちいき","wilderness area","白神山地のハイキングコース、名所、アクティビティ、原生地域でのイベントの詳細が記載された地図とパンフレットが用意されている。","There are also maps and pamphlets detailing hiking trails, sites of interest, hands-on activities, and events in the wilderness area."]
[5588,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","その他","ハイキングツアーを引率する","ハイキングツアーをいんそつする","(to) lead hikes","英語を話すガイドがおり、ハイキングツアーを引率したり、体験型アクティビティへの参加を手配したり、山への移動についてアドバイスする。","English-speaking guides can lead hikes, arrange participation in hands-on activities, and offer advice about trips into the mountains."]
[5589,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","植物","連理","れんり","intimate male–female relations","連理という言葉は「親密な男性と女性の関係」を意味することもあり、二本の木が夫婦を表しているとみられ、夫婦の調和の象徴と考えられている。","The term renri can also mean “intimate male–female relations,” and the trees are considered to be husband and wife, a symbol of marital harmony. "]
[5590,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","植物","ギョウジャニンニク","ぎょうじゃにんにく","Siberian onion\n","斜面にはギョウジャニンニクも植えられていたため、攻撃側にとって地面が滑りやすくなり、防御側には食料となった。","The slopes were also planted with Siberian onion (Allium ochotense), which made the ground slippery for attackers and provided food for defenders."]
[5591,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","菩提寺","ぼだいじ","family temple","寺は1489年に茨城県に建立され、何十年にもわたり多賀谷家の菩提寺として利用されてきた。","The temple was founded in 1489 in what is now Ibaraki Prefecture, and for many decades it served as the family temple of the Tagaya clan."]
[5592,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","三尺玉","さんじゃくだま","sanjaku-dama\n","これらの花火の中で最大のものは「三尺玉」で、この91センチの玉は、開いた時の直径が1キロメートルにも達する。","The largest of these fireworks are sanjaku-dama, 91-centimeter shells that create explosions of light up to a kilometer in diameter.","※「sanjaku-dama」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[5593,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","動物","鯱","しゃち","shachi","それぞれの灯籠の上部には壮大な鯱（虎の頭と鯉の体を持つ架空の生き物）が飾られ、色とりどりに描かれている。","Each lantern float is topped with magnificent shachi (mythical creatures with the head of a tiger and the body of a carp) and painted a dazzling array of colors.","※「shachi」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[5594,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","人物・人名・役職名","牛飼い","うしかい","cowherd","これは、星のベガとアルタイルを表すある二人の神様、機織の名手である織姫と、牛飼いの彦星にまつわる伝承が基となっている。","It is based on the tale of two deities—the weaver maiden Orihime and the cowherd Hikiboshi—who represent the stars Vega and Altair, respectively."]
[5595,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","高原・湿原・原野","植林地","しょくりんち","plantation forest","それは、第二次世界大戦後の再建とそれに続く数十年にわたる急速な経済成長のために木材資源を提供するためであった。したがって、スギの国有林の多くは比較的最近の植林地(しょくりんち)である。","Many of the nation’s cedar forests, therefore, are plantation forests of relatively recent date."]
[5596,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","動物","ヨシガモ","よしがも","falcated ducks","その他定期的にやって来る渡り鳥には、アマサギ、ホシハジロ、オジロワシ、ヒシクイ、カンムリカイツブリ、ヨシガモがいる。","Other regular visitors include cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis), common pochards (Aythya ferina), white-tailed eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla), bean geese (Anser fabalis), great crested grebes (Podiceps cristatus), and falcated ducks (Mareca falcata)."]
[5597,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","植物","ハマナス","はまなす","rugosa rose","公園ではクロマツのほか、サトザクラ、ガマズミ、ハマナス、クサノオウ、アキグミなど、300種類以上の植物や花が見られる。","As well as black pines, the park contains more than 300 varieties of plants and flowers, including Japanese cherry trees, linden viburnum, rugosa roses, greater celandine, and autumn olive."]
[5598,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","その他","風力発電風車","ふうりょくはつでんふうしゃ","wind turbine","釜谷浜海水浴場のもう1つの特徴は、海岸に3kmにわたって並ぶ、18基の白くて背の高い風力発電風車である。","A defining feature of Kamayahama is the line of 18 tall, white wind turbines that span the shore for 3 kilometers."]
[5599,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","テーマ施設等","町営の健康保養施設","ちょうえいのけんこうほようしせつ","municipal health-promotion facility","「森岳温泉ゆうぱる」は、日帰りおよび宿泊で利用できる、町営の健康保養施設である。","Moritake Onsen Yūparu is a municipal health-promotion facility where guests can soak in the waters for the day, or stay overnight."]
[5600,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","植物","水生多年草","すいせいたねんそう","aquatic perennial","じゅんさいは水生多年草で、汚染されていない浅い池で育つ。","Junsai (Brasenia schreberi) is an aquatic perennial that grows in shallow, unpolluted ponds."]
[5601,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","その他","（体に）負担の少ない運動","からだにふたんのすくない","low-impact exercise","水中ウォーキングは、持久力や可動性の回復のために行う、体に負担の少ない運動の一つである。","As well as hot spring baths, the building has a pool (swimsuits required) that is dedicated to rehabilitative walking, a form of low-impact exercise for people working to regain endurance or mobility."]
[5602,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","その他","農業人口の高齢化","のうぎょうじんこうのこうれいか","aging of the farming population","農業人口の高齢化が進み、これらの高級フルーツの受粉から栽培、収穫までに必要な難しい技術を学ぶ意欲のある若者が少なくなっていることが起因している。","This decline is due in part to the aging of the farming population, as fewer and fewer younger people are willing to learn the difficult techniques required to pollinate, grow, and harvest these high-end fruits."]
[5603,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","史跡","囲炉裏","いろり","sunken hearth","この家が使用されていたとき、家の床より低くつくられた炉床（囲炉裏）に火をともすと、その煙が湿気を取り除き、害虫を寄せつけないため、茅葺き屋根を守るのに役立っていた。","When the house was occupied and fires were lit in the sunken hearth (irori), their smoke helped preserve the thatched roof by removing humidity and repelling vermin."]
[5604,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","巡礼路","じゅんれいろ","pilgrimage route","これらのルートは、「巡礼路」と呼ばれ、奈良時代（710～794）に始まったと考えられている。","These routes, often referred to as “pilgrimage routes,” are believed to have first appeared in the Nara period (710–794)."]
[5605,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","位牌","いはい","Buddhist mortuary tablet","水際から北に位牌岩が見える。この巨大な石板は、仏教の位牌に似ていることからそのように名付けられた。","This giant stone slab was named for its resemblance to a Buddhist mortuary tablet (ihai)."]
[5606,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","植物","エビガライチゴ","えびがらいちご","Japanese wineberry","ラズベリーの一種であるエビガライチゴもここで育つ。","Japanese wineberry, a species of raspberry, also grows here."]
[5607,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","植物","イタヤカエデ","いたやかえで","painted maple","峨瓏の滝周辺の森林地帯には、主にイタヤカエデ、スギ、トチノキが生えている。","The woodland surrounding Garō Falls consists mostly of painted maple (Acer mono), Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica), and Japanese horse chestnut (Aesculus turbinata). "]
[5608,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","山伏","やまぶし","mountain ascetic","古来より山伏たちは不動明王像に祈りを捧げてきたので、不動明王は一般的に修行が行われていた滝の近くに祀られている。","Historically, mountain ascetics prayed to images of Fudō, so he is commonly enshrined near waterfalls where their ascetic practices were conducted."]
[5609,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","動物","雌羊","めすひつじ","ewe","2012年には、北海道から50頭の雌羊と2頭の雄羊が持ち込まれ、翌年も同じ数の羊が持ち込まれた。","In 2012, fifty ewes and two rams were brought in from Hokkaido, and the same number again the following year."]
[5610,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","動物","雄羊","おひつじ","ram","北海道から雌牛50頭と雄羊2頭を持ち込み、大野岱放牧場の群れを補強し、2013年に同じ頭数を再度買い入れた。","Fifty ewes and two rams were brought in from Hokkaido to bolster the Ōnodai flock, and the same number were purchased again in 2013."]
[5611,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","河川・渓谷","流域","りゅういき","drainage basin","粕毛川は、世界自然遺産白神山地の保護された世界自然遺産コアゾーンにある秋田県で唯一の流域を持つ河川である。","It is the only river in Akita with a drainage basin that lies entirely within the protected core zone of the Shirakami Sanchi World Natural Heritage Site."]
[5612,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","河川・渓谷","支流","しりゅう","tributary","たくさんの小さな支流が太良峡を通って藤琴川に流れ込み、藤里町の平地へと下ってゆく。","Numerous small tributaries flow into the Fujikoto as it makes its way through Daira Gorge and down to the flatlands of Fujisato."]
[5613,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","動物","イワナ","いわな","char","Charは、サルベリヌス属の魚の総称で、日本語では「イワナ」として知られている。","Char, a collective term for fish in the Salvelinus genus, are known as iwana in Japanese."]
[5614,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","権現","ごんげん","gongen","権現とは、仏教の神（仏または菩薩）が姿を変えて神道の神として現れることを指す。","A gongen is the manifestation of a Buddhist deity (a buddha or bodhisattva) in the form of a Shinto deity (kami).","※「gongen」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[5615,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","レジャー・アクティビティ","ゲレンデ","げれんで","run\n(または ski run)","この6.5ヘクタールの公共施設には、約400mのゲレンデと2人掛けのリフトがある。","This 6.5-hectare public facility has a run approximately 400-meters long and a two-person chair lift."]
[5616,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","建造物等","水力発電所","すいりょくはつでんしょ","hydroelectric power plant","ダムの水力発電所は、年間約2,800万ギガワット/時を発電している。","The hydroelectric power plant at the dam generates almost 28 million gigawatt-hours annually."]
[5617,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","滝","直瀑の滝","ちょくばくのたき","plunge waterfall","不動の滝は、高さ約30メートルの直瀑の滝である。","Fudō is a plunge waterfall approximately 30 meters high."]
[5618,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","動物","ヒメマス","ひめます","Himemasu salmon","私たちヒメマスは、世界のさまざまな地域で「コカニーサーモン」と呼ばれる陸封型のサケの一種です。","We himemasu salmon are a species of landlocked salmon called kokanee salmon in some parts of the world.","「Kokanee salmon」はカナダ呼称である可能性があり（環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所より）アメリカ英語のスタンダードな表現を調査し「Himemasu salmon」としましたが、地域によっては「Kokanee salmon」と表現している場合もあります。"]
[5619,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","植物","ウダイカンバ","うだいかんば","Japanese birch","ヤマザクラ（強度と光沢のあるつやで高級な建築に使用される）、クリ（耐水性があるため建設や家具に使用される）、ウダイカンバ（ピアノや飛行機のプロペラに使用される）、マンシュウグルミ（高級家具やフローリングに使用される）も収穫される。","Mountain cherry (used in high-end construction for its strength and glossy finish), Japanese chestnut (used in construction and furniture due to its water resistance), Japanese birch (made into pianos and plane propellers), and Manchurian walnut (used in luxury furniture and flooring) are also harvested."]
[5620,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","食","脱穀","だっこく","threshing","今日における稲作は、多くの米農家がコンバインを使って稲刈りや脱穀、そして乾燥作業を行っている。","Today, many rice farmers use combine harvesters and other modern machinery for cutting, threshing, and drying their rice."]
[5621,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","食","山菜","さんさい","edible wild plant","「山菜」と総称される食用の野生植物は、日本の伝統的な食文化の一つである。","The harvest of edible wild plant species collectively known as sansai is part of traditional food culture in Japan."]
[5622,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","建造物等","展望室","てんぼうしつ","observation lounge","ライブパフォーマンスが行われたりする展望室もあり、地域の工芸品が展示されることもある。","There is also an observation lounge where live performances are held and local crafts are sometimes exhibited."]
[5623,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","岩石・洞窟","露天掘り鉱山","ろてんほりこうざん","open-pit mine","展望所の下の暗い色をした岩と印象的な黒砂は、かつて展望所のすぐ北で操業していた露天掘り鉱山、発盛鉱山の名残りである。","The dark rocks and striking black sand beneath the overlook are a legacy of Hassei Mine, an open-pit mine that once operated just north of the overlook."]
[5624,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","食","なれ鮨","なれずし","partially fermented sushi","ハタハタの魚肉は白身で淡白な風味があり、焼き魚、干し魚、または「ハタハタずし」と呼ばれる部分的に発酵された寿司（なれ鮨）としても食べられる。","They are eaten grilled, dried, or in a form of partially fermented sushi (narezushi) called hatahatazushi."]
[5625,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","植物","接ぎ木","つぎき","grafting","峰浜梨の農家は、人気のある新品種の生産をスピードアップさせ、顧客の好みの変化に対応するために、接ぎ木と呼ばれる栽培技術を採用している。","To speed up the production of popular new varieties and to keep up with changing customer preferences, Minehama nashi farmers use a cultivation technique called grafting."]
[5626,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","食","咳止めの生薬","せきどめのしょうやく","herbal cough medicine","1700年代初頭、秋田藩（現在の秋田県）の藩主であった佐竹家は、龍角散として知られる咳止めの生薬を使い始めた。","In the early 1700s, the ruling Satake family of Akita Domain (now Akita Prefecture) began consuming an herbal cough medicine known as ryūkakusan."]
[5627,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","動物","鰰","はたはた","Japanese sandfish","地元の名物であるハタハタは、年末に入荷されると多くの客を魅了する。","Japanese sandfish (hatahata) is a local specialty that draws a lot of customers when it arrives at year’s end."]
[5628,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","その他","民泊","みんぱく","private-residence lodgings",null,"For travelers curious about daily life in Shirakami Sanchi, private-residence lodgings, or minpaku, offer a reasonably priced alternative to staying at a hotel or traditional inn."]
[5629,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","植物","藁","わら","rice straw","そして残った1軒が檜山納豆会社を設立し、今も昔ながらの製法で地元産の大豆を藁で包んで納豆を生産している。","The remaining family founded the Hiyama Nattō Company, which still produces nattō by wrapping locally grown soybeans in rice straw according to the traditional recipe."]
[5630,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","食","とろろ","とろろ","grated Japanese yam","鶏肉風味のスープにスライスしたネギまたは時々すりおろしたヤマノイモ（とろろ）をトッピングする。","It comes in a chicken-flavored broth and is topped with sliced green onion (negi) or occasionally with grated Japanese yam (tororo)."]
[5631,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","建造物等","溶鉱炉","ようこうろ","blast furnace","2年後、銀山が稼行され、1907年には、銅鉱石を精錬するための溶鉱炉が近くに建設された。","In 1907, a blast furnace was built nearby to smelt copper ore."]
[5632,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","食","加熱殺菌工程","かねつさっきんこうてい","heated pasteurization process","今日受け継がれている日本酒の製造技術のほとんどは、後継者たちにより、16世紀までに確立されたものである。それらは、精米、加熱殺菌工程、木樽での貯蔵などである。","By the sixteenth century, sake brewers had established most of the techniques that continue to be used by their successors today: polishing the rice grains, a heated pasteurization process, and the use of large wooden tubs for storage."]
[5633,"秋田県","あきた白神観光連絡調整協議会","その他","耐病性の高い","たいびょうせいのたかい","disease-resistant","この教授は、600株以上を用いた実験を経て、1990年に日本でのワイン栽培に適した、耐病性の高いハイブリッドを種苗登録し、ヤマ・ソーヴィニヨンが誕生した。","After experimenting with more than 600 strains, in 1990 he registered a disease-resistant hybrid suited to wine cultivation in Japan. Yama Sauvignon was born."]
[5634,"山形県","鶴岡市","芸能・興行・イベント","猿楽","さるがく","sarugaku ","そのルーツは、猿楽(能より前の劇の一種)にあります。今日、能の現代的な流派には、観世、宝生、金春、金剛、喜多があります。","Its roots are in sarugaku (a form of theater pre-dating noh), mime, and acrobatics. Today there are five contemporary schools of noh: Kanze, Konparu, Hosho, Kongo, and Kita."]
[5635,"山形県","鶴岡市","人物・人名・役職名","後小松天皇","ごこまつてんのう","Emperor Gokomatsu","後小松天皇（1377–1433）の三男である小川王子がこの地区に滞在し、地元の人々に猿楽を紹介したという説があります。","There is one theory that Prince Ogawa, the third son of Emperor Gokomatsu (1377–1433) stayed in the district and introduced sarugaku to the local people. "]
[5636,"山形県","鶴岡市","組織・団体","特定公益増進法人","とくていこうえきぞうしんほうじん","specified public interest promotion corporation","黒川能保存会は税法上の特定公益増進法人であり、その目的を支援する慈善的寄付には税制上の優遇制度が認められております。","The society is a specified public interest promotion corporation under the law of Japan and donations in support of its charitable purposes are recognized by the tax incentive system."]
[5637,"山形県","鶴岡市","人物・人名・役職名","世阿弥","ぜあみ","Zeami","もともとは美学者、俳優、劇作家の世阿弥(1363〜1443)が成功を収めた猿楽の流れに基づいています。","It was originally made successful by actor, playwright, and critic Zeami (1363–1443). "]
[5638,"山形県","鶴岡市","芸能・興行・イベント","蝋燭能","ろうそくのう","Candlelight noh (Rosoku Noh)","10月中旬に「蝋燭能」、8月に「水焔の能」が開催されます。","Two special performances are also held each year. Candlelight noh (Rosoku Noh) is held in mid-October and torchlight noh on the water (Suien no Noh) is held in August."]
[5639,"山形県","鶴岡市","芸能・興行・イベント","水焔の能","すいえんののう"," noh on the water (Suien no Noh)","10月中旬に「蝋燭能」、8月に「水焔の能」が開催されます。","Two special performances are also held each year. Candlelight noh (Rosoku Noh) is held in mid-October and torchlight noh on the water (Suien no Noh) is held in August."]
[5640,"山形県","鶴岡市","人物・人名・役職名","清和天皇","せいわてんのう","Emperor Seiwa","清和天皇（850–881）が黒川の村人に能を教えたと言われています。","It is said that Emperor Seiwa（850–881） teaches noh to Kurokawa villagers."]
[5641,"山形県","鶴岡市","人物・人名・役職名","武藤澄氏","むとうすみうじ","Muto Sumiuji","武藤澄氏が当時の首都（京都）を訪れたと言われています。","It is said that Muto Sumiuji (d. 1512) visits the then-capital (Kyoto). "]
[5642,"山形県","鶴岡市","人物・人名・役職名","武藤晴時","むとうはるとき","Muto Harutoki","武藤晴時（1512–1541）は足利義晴（1511–1550）と出会い、能楽を見たと言われています。","It is said that Muto Harutoki (1512–1541) meets Ashikaga Yoshiharu (1511–1550) and sees a noh performance."]
[5643,"山形県","鶴岡市","人物・人名・役職名","足利義晴","あしかがよしはる","Ashikaga Yoshiharu","武藤晴時（1512–1541）は足利義晴（1511–1550）と出会い、能楽を見たと言われています。","It is said that Muto Harutoki (1512–1541) meets Ashikaga Yoshiharu (1511–1550) and sees a noh performance."]
[5644,"山形県","鶴岡市","その他","上座","かみざ","upper troupe (kamiza)","上座と下座の両方で使用される江戸時代（1603〜1867）の衣装。 ","An Edo period (1603–1867) costume used by both the upper troupe (kamiza) and lower troupe (shimoza). "]
[5645,"山形県","鶴岡市","その他","下座","しもざ","lower troupe (shimoza)","上座と下座の両方で使用される江戸時代（1603〜1867）の衣装。 ","An Edo period (1603–1867) costume used by both the upper troupe (kamiza) and lower troupe (shimoza). "]
[5646,"山形県","鶴岡市","芸能・興行・イベント","大地踏み","だいちふみ","daichifumi (stomping of the earth","午前2時頃には、神々の使者として子供が舞を踏みつける大地踏みの儀式が続きます。","At about 2:00 p.m., ceremonies continue with the daichifumi (stomping of the earth) ritual whereby two young boys acting as messengers of the deities stomp their feet on the stage. "]
[5647,"山形県","鶴岡市","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","当屋","とうや","toya (lay officiants) ","春日神社の王祇祭の神聖な儀式のひとつに、大地踏みがあります。神社の上・下座の当屋から選ばれた、通常5歳くらいの少年が踊る踊りです。","One of the rituals of Kasuga Jinja Shrine’s Ogi Festival is daichifumi (stomping on the earth). It is a dance performed by boys usually about five years old who are selected from the families of the toya (lay officiants) of the upper and lower troupes of the shrine. "]
[5648,"山形県","鶴岡市","建造物等","梁","はり","beams","次に、若者たちは、別のクライマックスの瞬間に、王祇様を象徴する崇拝の対象を神社の梁に向かってできるだけ早く持ち上げます。","Another climactic moment is when young men lift up the object representing the Ogi-sama deity and install it in the beams of the shrine as quickly as possible."]
[5649,"山形県","鶴岡市","人物・人名・役職名","黒川村四所大明神","くろかわむらししょだいみょうじん","Kurokawa Mura Shisho Daimyojin","1727年に黒川村四所大明神と呼ばれ、1793年に能楽に関連して使用された木製の名卓に見られるように、名前が春日大明神に変更されました。","In 1727, it was known as Kurokawa Mura Shisho Daimyojin and, in 1793, its name was changed to Kasuga Daimyojin, as found on a wooden name table used in connection with noh performances. "]
[5650,"山形県","鶴岡市","人物・人名・役職名","春日大明神","かすがだいみょうじん","Kasuga Daimyojin","1727年に黒川村四所大明神と呼ばれ、1793年に能楽に関連して使用された木製の名卓に見られるように、名前が春日大明神に変更されました。","In 1727, it was known as Kurokawa Mura Shisho Daimyojin and, in 1793, its name was changed to Kasuga Daimyojin, as found on a wooden name table used in connection with noh performances."]
[5651,"山形県","鶴岡市","その他","賤ヶ岳七本槍","しずがたけしちほんやり","“Seven Spears of Shizugatake” (Shizugatake no shichi-hon-yari)","丸岡城の敷地内には、賤ヶ岳七本槍の一人である加藤清正(1562–1611)の記念碑があります。","On the site of Maruoka Castle is a monument to Kato Kiyomasa (1562–1611), a distinguished warlord general who was known as one of the “Seven Spears of Shizugatake” (Shizugatake no shichi-hon-yari), who were mounted bodyguards of the powerful hegemon Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1537–1598) at the battle of Shizugatake in 1583. "]
[5652,"山形県","鶴岡市","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神道","しんとう","Shinto","黒川能は、現在の五流能に似ていますが、独自の伝統があります。公演は、神道に関連する独特の儀式的側面を保持しています。","Kurokawa Noh is similar to the contemporary five schools of noh (Kanze, Konparu, Hosho, Kongo, and Kita), but has its own traditions. Performances retain unique aspects of Shinto ceremonies."]
[5653,"山形県","鶴岡市","食","精進料理","しょうじんりょうり","shojin ryori ","出羽三山精進料理の重要な要素は、山菜です。","A key component of Dewa Sanzan shojin ryori is sansai (wild mountain vegetables and mushrooms)."]
[5654,"山形県","鶴岡市","食","山菜","さんさい","sansai (wild mountain vegetables and mushrooms)","出羽三山精進料理の重要な要素は、山菜です。","A key component of Dewa Sanzan shojin ryori is sansai (wild mountain vegetables and mushrooms)."]
[5655,"山形県","鶴岡市","山岳","出羽三山","でわさんざん","Dewa Sanzan (three sacred mountains of Dewa)","1400年以上前、593年にさかのぼる宗教である羽黒修験道の形式を実践している僧侶は、出羽三山（出羽の3つの神聖な山）羽黒山、月山、山形県中部の湯殿山への精神的な再生の巡礼をしました。","More than 1,400 years ago, monks practicing Haguro Shugendo, a form of mountain asceticism that is a highly syncretic religion dating from 593, would make a pilgrimage of spiritual rebirth to the Dewa Sanzan (three sacred mountains of Dewa): Mt. Haguro, Mt. Gassan, and Mt. Yudono, in central Yamagata Prefecture. "]
[5656,"山形県","鶴岡市","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","山伏","やまぶし","yamabushi (mountain wandering ascetic monks)","巡礼を完了するために、これらの僧侶、別名山伏は、しばしば非常に離れた神聖な場所で訓練し、旅をしました。","To complete the pilgrimage, these monks, otherwise known as yamabushi (mountain wandering ascetic monks), trained and traveled in sacred spots that were often highly remote. "]
[5657,"山形県","鶴岡市","年中行事","雛祭り","ひなまつり","hinamatsuri (Dolls’ Festival to pray for the success and health of girls)","北前船はまた、ひなまつり(女の子の成功と健康を祈る人形祭り)のお菓子を作る習慣を鶴岡にもたらしました。","The northern-bound ships also brought the custom of making sweets for hinamatsuri (Dolls’ Festival to pray for the success and health of girls) to Tsuruoka. "]
[5658,"山形県","鶴岡市","食","雛菓子","ひながし","Hinagashi (sweets to offer at the Dolls’ Festival)","ひながし(人形まつりで提供するお菓子)は、通常、地域の豊かさを反映して作られています。","Hinagashi (sweets to offer at the Dolls’ Festival) are typically made to reflect the specialties of the region. "]
[5659,"山形県","鶴岡市","食","精米歩合","せいまいぶあい","Seimai buai (degree of milling)","精米歩合（精米度）：精米歩合は、精米後の米粒の残り部分の割合です。","Seimai buai (degree of milling): Seimai buai is the percentage of the remaining part of a rice kernel after polishing. A lower percentage indicates that a more highly polished rice was used. "]
[5660,"東京都","大本山　\n増上寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","三門","さんもん","Sanmon Gate","三門","Sanmon Gate"]
[5661,"東京都","大本山　\n増上寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大殿","だいでん","Daiden","大殿","Daiden (Great Hall) "]
[5662,"東京都","大本山　\n増上寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","安国殿","あんこくでん","Ankokuden","安国殿","Ankokuden (Prayer Hall)"]
[5663,"東京都","大本山　\n増上寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","鐘楼堂","しょうろうどう","Shorodo Bell Tower","鐘楼堂","Shorodo Bell Tower"]
[5664,"東京都","大本山　\n増上寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","徳川将軍家墓所","とくがわしょうぐんけ\nぼしょ","Tokugawa Graveyard","徳川将軍家墓所","Tokugawa Graveyard"]
[5665,"東京都","大本山　\n増上寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","台徳院殿霊廟","たいとくいんれいびょう","Taitokuin Mausoleum","台徳院殿霊廟","Taitokuin Mausoleum"]
[5666,"東京都","大本山　\n増上寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","経蔵","きょうぞう","Kyozo Sutra Repository","経蔵","Kyozo Sutra Repository"]
[5667,"東京都","大本山　\n増上寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","光摂殿","こうしょうでん","Koshoden Lecture Hall","光摂殿","Koshoden Lecture Hall"]
[5668,"東京都","大本山　\n増上寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","圓光大師堂","えんこうだいしどう","Enko Daishi Hall","圓光大師堂","Enko Daishi Hall"]
[5669,"東京都","大本山　\n増上寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","知恩院","ちおんいん","Chion-in","増上寺は東日本の浄土宗本山であり、この宗派では総本山である京都の知恩院に次いで重要な寺院です。","Zojoji is the main Jodo sect temple for eastern Japan, making it second only to the sect’s head temple of Chion-in in Kyoto. "]
[5670,"東京都","大本山　\n増上寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","三解脱門","さんげだつもん","Sangedatsumon","正式には三解脱門と呼ばれるこの門は、1622年に将軍の大工頭によって建造されたもので、増上寺の建立当時から残っている唯一の建物です。","Formally called the Sangedatsumon, it was built in 1622 by the chief carpenter to the shogun and is the only remaining original temple building. "]
[5671,"東京都","大本山　\n増上寺","人物・人名・役職名","ウィリアム・コールドレイク","うぃるあむ・こーるどれいく","William H. Coaldrake","ずっと保管されていた模型は、ウィリアム・コールドレイク教授の助けにより再発見され、一般に公開されるために増上寺に貸し出されて戻ってきました。","The model remained there until it was rediscovered with the help of scholar William H. Coaldrake, and returned to Zojoji on loan for public display. "]
[5672,"東京都","大本山　\n増上寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","光摂殿天井絵","こうしょうでん\nてんじょうえ","Koshoden Coffered Ceiling Paintings ","光摂殿天井絵","Koshoden Coffered Ceiling Paintings "]
[5673,"東京都","大本山　\n増上寺","人物・人名・役職名","阿弥陀如来","あみだにょらい","Amida Buddha","三門から大殿に向かう18段の石段の数は、阿弥陀如来の48の請願のうち（最も重要とされる）第18番目の請願を表す。","The number of stone stairs from the Sanmon Gate to the front of the Daiden (Great Hall) represents the 18th (and most important) vow of the 48 original vows of Amida Buddha."]
[5674,"東京都","大本山　\n増上寺","植物","紫露草","むらさきつゆくさ","Murasaki tsuyukusa","紫露草","Murasaki tsuyukusa"]
[5675,"東京都","大本山　\n増上寺","工芸・美術品","五百羅漢図","ごひゃくらかんず","Five Hundred Arhat Scrolls","五百羅漢図","Five Hundred Arhat Scrolls"]
[5676,"東京都","大本山　\n増上寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","千躰地蔵","せんたいじぞう","1000 Jizo Statues","千躰地蔵","1000 Jizo Statues (Sentai Jizo) "]
[5677,"神奈川県","宗教法人\n報国寺","食","抹茶","まっちゃ","matcha","抹茶は伝統的な様式で提供されます。抹茶の粉を陶器の茶碗で溶かして泡だてたものが、和菓子と一緒に出されます。","Matcha green tea is served in the authentic style: the powdered tea is whisked in ceramic tea bowls and served with traditional sweets.","*一般化されている単語ですが、どのように楽しむものかの一般的な説明をするときに参考になると考え、記載しました。"]
[5678,"神奈川県","宗教法人\n報国寺","食","落雁","らくがん","rakugan","提供される和菓子は落雁で、これは砂糖などを混ぜたものを木の型で押しかためて、春なら桜のように季節を感じさせる形にしたものです。","The sweets served are rakugan, made by pressing a sugar mixture into wooden molds in seasonal shapes such as cherry blossoms in spring."]
[5679,"神奈川県","宗教法人\n報国寺","工芸・美術品","鎌倉彫り","かまくらぼり","Kamakura-bori","抹茶を提供するのに使われる木のお盆は、地元の職人が作ったもので、鎌倉で発展した漆器の種類である鎌倉彫の例となっています。","The wooden trays used to serve the tea are made by a local artisan and are an example of Kamakura-bori, a type of lacquerware developed in Kamakura."]
[5680,"神奈川県","宗教法人\n報国寺","建造物等","櫓","やぐら","yagura","本堂の裏から庭を見守るように、3つの櫓があります。やぐらとは、墓地として人の手によって掘られた洞窟で、家時を含めて足利家の重要人物がここに埋葬されていると考えられています。","Overlooking the temple garden behind the main hall are three yagura, artificial caves used as tombs, where prominent members of the Ashikaga family, including Ietoki himself, are believed to be buried."]
[5681,"神奈川県","宗教法人\n報国寺","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","山門","さんもん","sanmon","参拝者は山門を通って報国寺に入り、そのまま順路に沿って苔庭を進みます。","Visitors enter the temple through the main gate (sanmon) and follow the path through the moss garden."]
[5682,"神奈川県","建長寺多言語解説整備協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","楼上","ろうじょう","rojo","2階部分は楼上と呼ばれ、500体の阿羅漢像が安置されています。","The second story, called the rojo, contains statues of the 500 arhats (Buddhist saints)."]
[5683,"神奈川県","建長寺多言語解説整備協議会","工芸・美術品","阿羅漢像","阿羅漢像","arhats","2階部分は楼上と呼ばれ、500体の阿羅漢像が安置されています。","The second story, called the rojo, contains statues of the 500 arhats (Buddhist saints)."]
[5684,"神奈川県","建長寺多言語解説整備協議会","動物","タヌキ","たぬき","tanuki","伝説によると、建長寺の僧たちはタヌキの餌やりや世話をしていました。そのタヌキが、恩返しに、僧に変身して門の再建費用の寄付金集めを行ったとのことです。","According to legend, a tanuki (raccoon dog) that was fed by the Kenchoji monks repaid their kindness by transforming itself into a Buddhist monk and collecting donations as well."]
[5685,"神奈川県","建長寺多言語解説整備協議会","工芸・美術品","墨絵","すみえ","sumi-e","伝統的な墨を使った天井の龍の水彩画（墨絵）は、画家であり陶芸家でもある小泉淳作（1924–2012）によって2003年に完成されました。","The traditional-style ink wash painting (sumi-e) of a dragon on the ceiling was completed in 2003 by painter and ceramicist Koizumi Junsaku (1924–2012)."]
[5686,"神奈川県","建長寺多言語解説整備協議会","工芸・美術品","双龍図","そうりゅうず","Soryu zu\n","彼は双龍図と呼ばれる京都の建仁寺の天井に描かれた有名な円形の龍の画の作者でもあります。","He also painted the famous dragon medallion on the ceiling of Kenninji Temple in Kyoto called Soryu-zu."]
[5687,"神奈川県","建長寺多言語解説整備協議会","工芸・美術品","雲龍図","うんりゅうず","Unryu-zu","建長寺の水彩画は雲龍図という題で、寺の750周年を祝って製作依頼されたものです。","The painting at Kenchoji is titled Unryu-zu and was commissioned to commemorate the temple’s 750th anniversary."]
[5688,"神奈川県","建長寺多言語解説整備協議会","建造物等","唐破風","からはふ","karahafu","起伏のある屋根は、中央部が高く、両端が湾曲しているのが特徴で、唐破風と呼ばれる様式です。","The undulating roof is high in the middle and curved at both ends, in a style known as karahafu."]
[5689,"神奈川県","建長寺多言語解説整備協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","梵鐘","ぼんしょう","bonsho","梵鐘は、建長寺が創建された2年後の1255年に鋳造されました。","The bonsho (temple bell) was cast in 1255, two years after Kenchoji Temple was founded. "]
[5690,"神奈川県","建長寺多言語解説整備協議会","植物","イブキ","いぶき","Juniperus chinensis","山門と仏殿（仏様のお堂）との間には7本の大きなイブキの木（学名Juniperus chinensis）が立ち並んでいます。","Between the Sanmon Gate and the Butsuden (Buddha Hall) stand seven giant Chinese juniper trees (Juniperus chinensis)"]
[5691,"神奈川県","建長寺多言語解説整備協議会","その他","心","こころ","kokoro","池の形は漢字の心に似ていると言われています。","The shape of the pond is said to resemble the Chinese character kokoro (心), which means “mind” or “heart.”"]
[5692,"神奈川県","建長寺多言語解説整備協議会","その他","天狗","てんぐ","tengu","天狗とは、山に住む妖怪のような伝説の生き物です。","Tengu are legendary goblin-like creatures who live in the mountains."]
[5693,"神奈川県","建長寺多言語解説整備協議会","動物","カラス","からす","karasu","本殿への道にある12体の像は、カラス天狗の姿で半蔵坊に随行しています。","The 12 statues on the way to the shrine are Hansobo’s attendants in the form of karasu (crow) tengu."]
[5694,"神奈川県","建長寺多言語解説整備協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","本堂","ほんどう","hondo","西来庵には、本堂、食堂、禅堂、そして道隆に捧げられた開山堂があります。","Seiraian has a main hall (hondo), a dining hall (jikido), a Zen meditation hall (zendo), and a founder’s hall (kaisando) where Daolong is enshrined."]
[5695,"神奈川県","建長寺多言語解説整備協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","食堂","じきどう","jikido","西来庵には、本堂、食堂、禅堂、そして道隆に捧げられた開山堂があります。","Beyond this gate are the monastery’s main hall (hondo), dining hall (jikido), Zen meditation hall (zendo), and founder’s hall (kaisando) where Daolong is enshrined."]
[5696,"神奈川県","建長寺多言語解説整備協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","禅堂","ぜんどう","zendo","西来庵には、本堂、食堂、禅堂、そして道隆に捧げられた開山堂があります。","Beyond this gate are the monastery’s main hall (hondo), dining hall (jikido), Zen meditation hall (zendo), and founder’s hall (kaisando) where Daolong is enshrined."]
[5697,"神奈川県","建長寺多言語解説整備協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","開山堂","かいさんどう","kaisando","西来庵には、本堂、食堂、禅堂、そして道隆に捧げられた開山堂があります。","Beyond this gate are the monastery’s main hall (hondo), dining hall (jikido), Zen meditation hall (zendo), and founder’s hall (kaisando) where Daolong is enshrined."]
[5698,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","人物・人名・役職名","応神天皇","おうじんてんのう","Emperor Ojin","武士と日本国の守護神である八幡神とされる応神天皇が、その母である神功皇后および比売神と共に祀られています。","The semi-mythical Emperor Ojin, deified as Hachiman, the guardian of both the warrior class and the nation of Japan, is enshrined here in the main shrine together with Ojin’s mother Empress Jingu and the goddess Himegami. "]
[5699,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","拝殿","はいでん","haiden","本殿の建物は、本殿および拝殿と幣殿から成っており、江戸期（1603年–1867年）の武家に崇敬された神社の多くと同様の建築様式、流権現造の一つ屋根の下にそれらが纏まっています。","The main shrine building includes a worship hall (haiden), offering hall (heiden), and main sanctuary (honden), all under one roof in a variant of the gongen-zukuri style that was popular during the Edo period (1603–1867) and employed at many shrines favored by the ruling warrior class. "]
[5700,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","幣殿","へいでん","heiden","本殿の建物は、拝殿と幣殿および本殿から成っており、江戸期（1603年–1867年）の武家に崇敬された神社の多くと同様の建築様式、流権現造の一つ屋根の下にそれらが纏まっています。","The main shrine building includes a worship hall (haiden), offering hall (heiden), and main sanctuary (honden), all under one roof in a variant of the gongen-zukuri style that was popular during the Edo period (1603–1867) and employed at many shrines favored by the ruling warrior class. "]
[5701,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","本殿","ほんでん","honden","本殿の建物は、拝殿と幣殿および本殿から成っており、江戸期（1603年–1867年）の武家に崇敬された神社の多くと同様の建築様式、流権現造の一つ屋根の下にそれらが纏まっています。","The main shrine building includes a worship hall (haiden), offering hall (heiden), and main sanctuary (honden), all under one roof in a variant of the gongen-zukuri style that was popular during the Edo period (1603–1867) and employed at many shrines favored by the ruling warrior class. "]
[5702,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","建造物等","権現造","ごんげんづくり","gongen-zukuri","本殿の建物は、拝殿と幣殿および本殿から成っており、江戸期（1603年–1867年）の武家に崇敬された神社の多くと同様の建築様式、流権現造の一つ屋根の下にそれらが纏まっています。","The main shrine building includes a worship hall (haiden), offering hall (heiden), and main sanctuary (honden), all under one roof in a variant of the gongen-zukuri style that was popular during the Edo period (1603–1867) and employed at many shrines favored by the ruling warrior class. "]
[5703,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","紋章等 ","三つ巴","みつどもえ","mitsudomoe","御本殿の屋根梁は、水を表徴する三つ巴、三つのコンマのような形からなる渦巻き模様により装飾されています。","The roof beams of the Main Shrine are decorated with mitsudomoe, a swirling pattern made up of three comma-like shapes, suggesting the presence of water."]
[5704,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","若宮","わかみや","Wakamiya Shrine","若宮は、鶴岡八幡宮で本殿に次ぐ重要な社です。","The Wakamiya Shrine is the second most important shrine at Tsurugaoka Hachimangu, after the Main Shrine.","※特定の神社の場合はWakamiya Shrineと表記します。"]
[5705,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","若宮","わかみや","wakamiya","若宮という言葉は、本宮の主神の子である御子神を祀った神社や主祭神に特別なかかわりのある神社を表すもので、ここに祀られた4人の祭神は、武士階級や国家の守護神であり本殿に祀られている八幡神、つまり応神天皇と親族関係があります。","The term wakamiya is used for a sub-shrine which enshrines a child of the central deity of the main shrine or has a special relationship to that deity, and the four deities enshrined here are all related to Emperor Ojin, or Hachiman, the guardian deity of the warrior class and of the nation of Japan, who is enshrined in the main shrine. ","※「若宮」の概念を説明する時にはイタリック体（小文字）を使用します。"]
[5706,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","動物","獅子","しし","guardian lion","建物は獅子とボタンの彫刻で装飾されています。","The building is decorated with sculptures of guardian lions and peonies."]
[5707,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","稲荷","いなり","Inari","神道における稲、農耕、繁栄の神である稲荷様が祀られています。","The Shinto deity of rice, agriculture, and prosperity, Inari is enshrined here."]
[5708,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","火焚祭","ひたきさい","Hitaki-sai","火焚祭は毎年11月8日に丸山稲荷社で開かれます。","The Hitaki-sai fire festival is held at Maruyama Inari every year on November 8."]
[5709,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","芸能・興行・イベント","鎌倉神楽","かまくらかぐら","Kamakura kagura","この行事では鎌倉期（1185年–1333年）に端を発する、神事と音楽と舞を組み合わせた鎌倉神楽が来年の豊作を祈って奉仕されます。","The event includes Kamakura kagura, a dramatic combination of ritual and dance that originated in the Kamakura period (1185–1333) and is performed to pray for a bountiful harvest in the coming year."]
[5710,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","山岳","丸山","まるやま","Maruyama","丸山稲荷社が建っている小山(丸山)は、本殿が1191年に建てられた時に山腹から取ってこられた土や石でできています。","Maruyama (round mountain), the hill the shrine stands on, was constructed with gravel and rocks taken from the mountainside when the Main Shrine was built in 1191."]
[5711,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","建造物等","大石段","だいせきだん(おおいしだん）","grand stone staircase","本殿に通じる大石段は12世紀に造られたもので、楼門前からは鎌倉の町と海を見晴るかす素晴らしい景色が眺められます。","The grand stone staircase that leads to the Main Shrine was built in the twelfth century, and there is a superb view over the city of Kamakura and out to sea from the top."]
[5712,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","植物","大銀杏","おおいちょう","Great Ginkgo","倒伏した大銀杏の切り株と幹の一部は保存され、現在は根に近い切株は後継樹のわきに移植され、その上の部分は境内にある鎌倉文華館 鶴岡ミュージアムのカフェに展示されています。","The stump of the Great Ginkgo has been preserved, as has a section of the trunk, which is now displayed in the cafe of the Tsurugaoka Museum, Kamakura, located on the shrine grounds."]
[5713,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","組織・団体","鎌倉幕府","かまくらばくふ","Kamakura shogunate","実朝は、鎌倉幕府（武士主導の政権、1185–1333）の3代将軍で、幕府と鶴岡八幡宮の両方の生みの親である源頼朝（1147–1199）の息子でした。","Sanetomo was the third shogun of the Kamakura shogunate (warrior-led government; 1185–1333) and a son of Minamoto no Yoritomo (1147–1199), the founder of both the shogunate and Tsurugaoka Hachimangu.","※テキスト内に初めて鎌倉幕府を取り上げる時に使える説明としてご参照ください。"]
[5714,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","人物・人名・役職名","源氏","げんじ","Minamoto clan","この意匠は、初の武士主導の中央政権である鎌倉幕府と鶴岡八幡宮の生みの親である源氏の家紋です。","The design is the family crest of the Minamoto clan, the founders of the Kamakura shogunate, the first warrior-led central government, and Tsurugaoka Hachimangu."]
[5715,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","その他","白旗","しらはた","shirahata","白旗という名前は、源氏が戦で用いた旗にちなんだもので、頼朝の神号である白旗大明神の語源になっています。","The name shirahata (white flag) refers to the banners used by the Minamoto clan in battle, which inspired Yoritomo’s name as a deity: Shirahata Daimyojin (Great Luminous Deity of the White Flags)."]
[5716,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","人物・人名・役職名","白旗大明神","しらはただいみょうじん","Shirahata Daimyojin","白旗という名前は、源氏が戦で用いた旗にちなんだもので、頼朝の神号である白旗大明神の語源になっています。","The name shirahata (white flag) refers to the banners used by the Minamoto clan in battle, which inspired Yoritomo’s name as a deity: Shirahata Daimyojin (Great Luminous Deity of the White Flags)."]
[5717,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","人物・人名・役職名","弁財天","べんざいてん","Benzaiten","旗上弁財天社は、知識、美、および芸術の女神である弁財天を祀っています。","Hata-age Benzaiten Shrine enshrines Benzaiten, the deity of knowledge, beauty, and the arts."]
[5718,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","人物・人名・役職名","平家","へいけ","Taira clan","源頼朝（1147–1199）は1180年に敵対する平家と戦をする前に、弁財天に必勝を祈願したとのことです。","According to legend, Minamoto no Yoritomo (1147–1199) prayed to the deity for victory before he attacked the rival Taira clan in 1180."]
[5719,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","工芸・美術品","琵琶","びわ","biwa","階段の上には、琵琶を演奏する弁財天の彫刻があります。","There is a carving above the stairs that depicts Benzaiten playing a biwa (short-necked lute)."]
[5720,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","政子石","まさこいし","Masako Stone","社殿の裏には政子石があります。名前の由来となったのは頼朝の妻である北条政子（1156–1225）で、人々はここで夫婦円満と子授けを願って祈ります。","Behind the shrine is the Masako Stone, named after Yoritomo’s wife Hojo Masako (1156–1225), where people pray for a happy marriage and fertility."]
[5721,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","郷土景観","若宮大路","わかみやおおじ","Wakamiya Oji Avenue","一ノ鳥居は、若宮大路に沿う鶴岡八幡宮の表参道の入口を示しています。","The First Torii gate marks the start of the main approach to Tsurugaoka Hachimangu along Wakamiya Oji Avenue."]
[5722,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","郷土景観","朱雀大路","すざくおおじ","Suzaku Oji","京都では、朱雀大路という中央通りが市の南から内裏までを貫いており、頼朝はこの構図を鎌倉でも作り上げようと、若宮大路が鶴岡八幡宮まで続く設計を考えました。","In Kyoto, a central avenue named Suzaku Oji led through the city from the south to the imperial palace, and Yoritomo had this pattern replicated in Kamakura, with the Wakamiya Oji terminating at Tsurugaoka Hachimangu."]
[5723,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","集落・街","備前国","びぜんのくに","Bizen Province ","江与とその夫は、遠い備前国（現在の岡山県）から高品質の花崗岩を取り寄せました。","Eyo and the shogun had high-quality granite brought from faraway Bizen Province (present-day Okayama Prefecture)."]
[5724,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","芸能・興行・イベント","流鏑馬","やぶさめ","yabusame","この250メートルの馬場では、毎年流鏑馬が奉納されます。","Yabusame mounted archery events are held every year on this 250-meter track."]
[5725,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","芸能・興行・イベント","小笠原流","おがさわらりゅう","Ogasawara school","小笠原流は、その伝統を受け継いでおり、9月16日の格式高い神事において、流鏑馬を奉納します。","The Ogasawara school of mounted archery performs yabusame in an elaborate and highly formalized ceremony on September 16."]
[5726,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","芸能・興行・イベント","武田流","たけだりゅう","Takeda school","流鏑馬神事は4月の鎌倉まつりでも行われます。その際には、別の流派である武田流が担当します。","A yabusame ritual is also held in April, when the rival Takeda school takes to the track as part of the annual Kamakura Festival."]
[5727,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","人物・人名・役職名","後鳥羽上皇","ごとばじょうこう","retired emperor Gotoba","1221年、後鳥羽上皇（1180–1239）は、天皇家の権力を回復しようと、日本で初めて武士が率いた政権である鎌倉幕府の転覆を試みました。","In 1221, the retired emperor Gotoba (1180–1239) attempted to restore power to the imperial house by overthrowing the Kamakura shogunate, the first warrior-led government in Japan."]
[5728,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","人物・人名・役職名","執権","しっけん","regent to the shogun","後鳥羽上皇（1180–1239）は、将軍の執権で事実上の統治者であった北条義時（1163–1224）を離反者であると宣言し、義時追討のために挙兵しました。","The retired emperor Gotoba (1180–1239) declared Hojo Yoshitoki (1163–1224), regent to the shogun and the de facto ruler, to be an outlaw and assembled a force against him."]
[5729,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","動物","ヒメマス","ひめます","Himemasu salmon","私たちヒメマスは、世界のさまざまな地域で「コカニーサーモン」と呼ばれる陸封型のサケの一種です。","We himemasu salmon are a species of landlocked salmon called kokanee salmon in some parts of the world.","「Kokanee salmon」はカナダ呼称である可能性があり（環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所より）アメリカ英語のスタンダードな表現を調査し「Himemasu salmon」としましたが、地域によっては「Kokanee salmon」と表現している場合もあります。"]
[5730,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","狛犬","こまいぬ","komainu","入り口を守るのは一対の狛犬です。","The entrance is guarded by a pair of concrete lion-dogs (komainu)."]
[5731,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神前結婚式","しんぜんけっこんしき","traditional Shinto wedding","舞殿では 一年を通し、さまざまな祈祷が行われたり舞や雅楽が奉納・奉奏されたりする場所で、神前結婚式も執り行われます。","A great variety of rituals and performances of sacred dance and music as well as traditional Shinto weddings are held throughout the year at the Maiden (Hall of Dance)."]
[5732,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","下拝殿","しもはいでん","Lower Worship Hall","「下拝殿」とも呼ばれ、大石段を上れない人も本宮をここから参拝することができます。 ","It is also known as the Lower Worship Hall, where visitors unable to climb the stairs to the Main Shrine can pray to its deities from a distance."]
[5733,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","人物・人名・役職名","静御前","しずかごぜん","Lady Shizuka","1186年、白拍子として名高かった静御前(1165–1211) がこの回廊で初代鎌倉将軍の源頼朝 (1147–1199) のために舞を披露しました。","In 1186, that corridor was where Lady Shizuka (1165–1211), a renowned court dancer, performed for Minamoto no Yoritomo (1147–1199), the founder of the Kamakura shogunate (warrior-led government)."]
[5734,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","由比若宮","ゆいわかみや","Yui Wakamiya Shrine","由比若宮は鎌倉の八幡信仰の発祥の地です。","Yui Wakamiya Shrine is the birthplace of the Hachiman faith in Kamakura."]
[5735,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","元八幡","もとはちまん","Moto Hachiman","「元八幡」とも呼ばれるこの宮は、京の帝に武将として仕えた源頼義 (988–1075) が1063年に創建しました。","Also known as Moto Hachiman (Original Hachiman), it was established in 1063 by Minamoto no Yoriyoshi (988–1075), a military commander serving the emperor in Kyoto."]
[5736,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","社会","源平合戦","げんぺいかっせん","Genpei War","頼朝は5年にわたった源平合戦に勝利して、日本で初めての武士による政権を鎌倉に打ち立てました。","Yoritomo was victorious in the five-year Genpei War, after which he seized control of Japan and established the country’s first warrior-led government in Kamakura."]
[5737,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","工芸・美術品","太刀","たち","tachi longsword","太刀銘正恒は鶴岡八幡宮の宝物でも最も貴重なものの一つであり、国宝に指定されています。","The Masatsune tachi longsword is one of the most prized treasures of Tsurugaoka Hachimangu and is designated a National Treasure."]
[5738,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","工芸・美術品","青江派","あおえは","Aoe school","正恒は中世の位の高い侍や貴族が愛好した青江派に属する刀工です。","Masatsune was a member of the Aoe school of sword artisans, who were favored by the elite samurai and aristocrats of medieval Japan."]
[5739,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","工芸・美術品","螺鈿","らでん","raden","矢立ては、金粉を散りばめた漆の地（沃懸地）に、螺鈿（らでん）で杏の葉文様をあしらったものです。","The quivers are decorated with mother-of-pearl inlays (raden) in an apricot-leaf pattern on a ground of lacquer densely sprinkled with gold powder (ikakeji)."]
[5740,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","工芸・美術品","沃懸地","いかけじ","ikakeji","矢立ては、金粉を散りばめた漆の地（沃懸地）に、螺鈿（らでん）で杏の葉文様をあしらったものです。","The quivers are decorated with mother-of-pearl inlays (raden) in an apricot-leaf pattern on a ground of lacquer densely sprinkled with gold powder (ikakeji)."]
[5741,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","工芸・美術品","杏葉","ぎょうよう","apricot-leaf pattern","矢立ては、金粉を散りばめた漆の地（沃懸地）に、螺鈿（らでん）で杏葉文様をあしらったものです。","The quivers are decorated with mother-of-pearl inlays (raden) in an apricot-leaf pattern on a ground of lacquer densely sprinkled with gold powder (ikakeji)."]
[5742,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","工芸・美術品","鏑矢","かぶらや","kabura-ya","黒塗矢30本のうち、13本は祭祀用の矢じりに「鏑」が付いた鏑矢、13本の矢じりは尖っており、4本の矢じりは丸みを帯びています。","Of the 30 black-lacquered arrows, 13 are “turnip-headed” kabura-ya for ritual use, 13 are pointed, and four are rounded."]
[5743,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","破魔矢","はまや","hamaya","これらの矢は、破魔矢（魔除けの矢）の伝統の起源と言われています。","These arrows are said to be the origin of the hamaya (demon-breaking arrow) tradition."]
[5744,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","山岳","大臣山","だいじんやま","Mt. Daijin","明治天皇は、皇政復古により700年近く続いた武士の支配が終わった6年後の1873年に、鶴岡八幡宮の裏山の大臣山から軍事演習を見学するために鎌倉を訪れました。","In 1873, six years after the restoration of imperial rule had ended almost seven centuries of warrior dominion over Japan, Emperor Meiji visited Kamakura to observe a military exercise from Mt. Daijin, the mountain behind Tsurugaoka Hachimangu."]
[5745,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","工芸・美術品","蒔絵","まきえ","maki-e","氏綱は、改修が終了する2年前の1538年に、中世の様式の太刀を3本、鍛刀させ、黒塗りの桐に金色の蒔絵を施した鞘とともこの神社に奉納しました。","In 1538, two years before the completion of the repairs, Ujitsuna had three medieval-style tachi longswords forged and dedicated to the shrine, along with matching black-lacquered paulownia scabbards with golden maki-e decorations."]
[5746,"神奈川県","鶴岡八幡宮","テーマ施設等","鎌倉国宝館","かまくらこくほうかん","Kamakura Museum of National Treasures","国宝に指定され、鎌倉国宝館に寄託されています。","It is designated a National Treasure and stored at the Kamakura Museum of National Treasures."]
[5747,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","郷土景観","摂田屋地区","せったやちく","Settaya Area","長岡の摂田屋地区は、新潟県でも江戸時代の風情が残っている最後の地の一つです。","Nagaoka’s Settaya area is one of the last remaining places where the atmosphere of the Edo period (1603–1867) has been preserved in Niigata Prefecture."]
[5748,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","食","越のむらさき","こしのむらさき","Koshi No Murasaki Soy Sauce Brewery","醤油製造所の越のむらさきでは、有名なソース（ここでは醤油の意味）や調味料などを作っています。","The Koshi No Murasaki Soy Sauce Brewery makes a range of well-known sauces and condiments."]
[5749,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","食","吉乃川","よしのがわ","Yoshinogawa Sake Brewery","その先にある吉乃川では、新潟名物の良質な米と湧き水を使った日本酒を中心としたお酒を製造しています。","Down the street, the Yoshinogawa Sake Brewery produces mainly alcoholic drinks, including sake using Niigata’s famous high-quality rice and spring water."]
[5750,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","食","サフラン酒","さふらんしゅ","Saffron liqueur","サフラン酒は、かつては全国的に人気のあった名産品ですが、現在は長岡とその周辺地域でしか販売されていません。","Saffron liqueur is a famous local product that was once popular across the country, but today is sold only in Nagaoka and the vicinity. "]
[5751,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","道しるべ地蔵","みちしるべじぞう","Michishirube Jizo statue","旧三国街道（highway）の分岐点にある道しるべ地蔵は、幸運のお守りであり、旅行者のガイドでもあります。","The Michishirube Jizo statue at the main fork in the Old Mikuni Kaido (Highway) acts as both a good luck charm and a guide for travelers."]
[5752,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","郷土景観","旧三国街道","かいどう","Old Mikuni Kaido (Highway)","旧三国街道（highway）の分岐点にある道しるべ地蔵は、幸運のお守りであり、旅行者のガイドでもあります。","The Michishirube Jizo statue at the main fork in the Old Mikuni Kaido (Highway) acts as both a good luck charm and a guide for travelers."]
[5753,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","竹駒稲荷神社","たけこまいなりじんじゃ","Takekoma Inari Shrine","竹駒稲荷神社では、商売をしている人や通りすがりの人が、商売繁盛を祈って祈願することができます。","At the Takekoma Inari Shrine, people doing business in the area or even just passing through can offer a prayer for prosperity. "]
[5754,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","食","サフラン酒本舗","さふらんしゅほんぽ","Saffron Liqueur Brewery","サフラン酒本舗の建設は明治時代 (1868–1912)に始まり、大正時代 (1912–1926)まで続きました。","Construction of the Saffron Liqueur Brewery began during the Meiji era (1868–1912) and continued into the Taisho era (1912–1926). "]
[5755,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","建造物等","酒蔵","さかぐら","brewery storehouse","それは、当時の建物では珍しい色や装飾を用いた酒蔵のデザインにも表れています。","These are evident in the design of the brewery storehouse, which uses colors and decorations rarely seen elsewhere in buildings from this time period. "]
[5756,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","建造物等","鏝絵","こてえ","kote-e","軒は龍の装飾が施され、窓のシャッターには鏝絵と呼ばれる複雑な石膏の浮き彫りが施されています。","The eaves are decorated with ornate dragon designs, and the shutters for the windows feature intricate plaster reliefs called kote-e (“trowel pictures”). "]
[5757,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","山岳","浅間山","あさまやま","Mt. Asama","庭園には、隣接する長野県の浅間山から運ばれてきた赤茶色の火山岩を取り入れています。","The garden incorporates reddish-brown volcanic rocks brought to the site from Mt. Asama in neighboring Nagano Prefecture. "]
[5758,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","テーマ施設等","鏝絵本館","こてえほんかん","Kote-e Warehouse","鏝絵本館2階には、サフランワインの歴史を紹介するミニミュージアムがあります。","The second floor of the “Kote-e Warehouse” is a small museum dedicated to the history of saffron liqueur. "]
[5759,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","五穀豊穣","ごこくほうじょう","bountiful harvest","祈願する人には幸運、五穀豊穣、商売繁盛などが待っていると言われています。","Good fortune, bountiful harvests, and success in business are said to await all those who offer prayers here."]
[5760,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","地蔵","じぞう"," jizo statue","この地蔵は、1806年頃にこの地に安置されたもので、昔の交易路沿いにあることから、旅人の道しるべとして重宝されてきました。","This jizo statue, placed here around 1806, was a useful guide for travelers because of its position along an old trade route. "]
[5761,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","建造物等","れんがの煙突","れんがのえんとつ","Brick Chimney","2004年の中越地震では、この珍しいレンガ造りの煙突の修理に取り組み、地域の人々に感動を与えました。","Efforts to repair this rare brick chimney became an inspiration to the local community in the aftermath of the 2004 Great Chuetsu Earthquake. "]
[5762,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","自然現象","中越地震","ちゅうえつじしん","the 2004 Great Chuetsu Earthquake","2004年の中越地震では、この珍しいレンガ造りの煙突の修理に取り組み、地域の人々に感動を与えました。","Efforts to repair this rare brick chimney became an inspiration to the local community in the aftermath of the 2004 Great Chuetsu Earthquake. "]
[5763,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","建造物等","石炭焼成炉","せきたんしょうせいろ","coal-fired furnaces","18世紀後半から19世紀半ばにかけて、醤油メーカーでは、生産工程の中でこのような大規模な煙突を石炭焼成炉と組み合わせて生産することは多くありました。","During the late eighteenth and mid-nineteenth centuries, it was common for soy sauce makers to use such large-scale chimneys in conjunction with coal-fired furnaces as part of their production process."]
[5764,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","博物館・美術館","長岡戦災資料館","ながおかせんさいしりょうかん","Nagaoka War Damage Exhibit Hall","長岡戦災資料館は、２００３年７月に開館しました。","The Nagaoka War Damage Exhibit Hall opened in July 2003."]
[5765,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","工芸・美術品","畳","たたみ","tatami floor mats","また、畳や、窓に貼る障子などの可燃性のものもありました。夜になると、窓に暗幕をかけ、外に明かりが漏れないようにしていました。","They also consisted of other flammable materials, such as tatami floor mats and shoji paper inserts in doors."]
[5766,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","工芸・美術品","障子","しょうじ","shoji paper","また、畳や、窓に貼る障子などの可燃性のものもありました。","They also consisted of other flammable materials, such as tatami floor mats and shoji paper inserts in doors."]
[5767,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","乗物","アメリカ太平洋艦隊主力戦艦群","あめりかたいへいようせんたいしゅりょくせんたいぐん","U.S. Navy’s Pacific Fleet","1941年12月7日（日）、日本軍はアメリカ太平洋艦隊主力戦艦群を攻撃しました","On Sunday, December 7, 1941, Japanese forces attacked the main battleships of the U.S. Navy’s Pacific Fleet. "]
[5768,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","博物館・美術館","アリゾナ記念館 ","ありぞなきねんかん","The USS Arizona Memoria","アリゾナ記念館\n沈没したUSSアリゾナは、1941年12月の真珠湾攻撃で命を落とした1,177人の乗組員のうち1,102人の最後の休憩所として機能します。 ","The USS Arizona Memorial\nThe sunken USS Arizona serves as the final resting place of 1,102 of the 1,177 crew members who lost their lives during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941. "]
[5769,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","社会","金属回収令","きんぞくかいしゅうれい","Metal Recovery Order","金属回収令により、政府は戦争のための軍需品の製造を助けるために、国に金属の寄付を要請しました。","With the Metal Recovery Order, the government requested donations of metal to the state to help manufacture munitions for the war effort."]
[5770,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","社会","国家総動員法","こっかそうどういんほう","National Mobilization Law","国家総動員法に基づく命令は、1941年8月に施行されました。","The order, based on the National Mobilization Law, came into effect in August 1941. "]
[5771,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","工芸・美術品","やかん","やかん","Tea kettles","やかん・鍋・釜・お寺の鐘・銅鑼・仏像・その他の金属類がスクラップとして再利用されました。","Tea kettles, pots and pans, temple bells, gongs, Buddhist statues, and other items were all repurposed as scrap metal"]
[5772,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","お寺の鐘","おてらのかね","temple bells","やかん・鍋・釜・お寺の鐘・銅鑼・仏像・その他の金属類がスクラップとして再利用されました。","Tea kettles, pots and pans, temple bells, gongs, Buddhist statues, and other items were all repurposed as scrap metal"]
[5773,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","人物・人名・役職名","山本五十六","やまもといそろく","Yamamoto Isoroku","連合艦隊司令長官の山本五十六は、1943年4月18日朝、パプアニューギニア近郊のブーゲンビル島上空で彼を乗せた輸送機が撃墜され死亡しました。","On the morning of April 18, 1943, Yamamoto Isoroku, the commander-in-chief of Japan’s naval fleet, was killed when his transport aircraft was shot down over Bougainville Island, near Papua New Guinea. "]
[5774,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","人物・人名・役職名","連合艦隊司令長官","れんごうせんたいしれいちょうかん","the commander-in-chief of Japan’s naval fleet","連合艦隊司令長官の山本五十六は、1943年4月18日朝、パプアニューギニア近郊のブーゲンビル島上空で彼を乗せた輸送機が撃墜され死亡しました。","On the morning of April 18, 1943, Yamamoto Isoroku, the commander-in-chief of Japan’s naval fleet, was killed when his transport aircraft was shot down over Bougainville Island, near Papua New Guinea. "]
[5775,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","社会","学徒勤労動員","がくときんろうどういん","Full-Time Student Mobilization","学徒勤労動員の通年動員体制 ","Full-Time Student Mobilization\nAs the war intensified, more and more adult men reported to the front lines."]
[5776,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","その他","地方","ちほう","rural area","その結果、地方では軍需工場の人手不足が深刻化になりました。","As a result, rural areas faced a serious shortage of labor for munitions factories."]
[5777,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","建造物等","軍需工場","ぐんじゅこうじょう","munitions factories","その結果、地方では軍需工場の人手不足が深刻化になりました。","As a result, rural areas faced a serious shortage of labor for munitions factories."]
[5778,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","その他","動員のための緊急募集要項","どういんのためのきんきゅうぼしゅうようこう","Emergency Recruitment Guideline for Mobilization","この問題を緩和するために、政府は「動員のための緊急募集要項」を発表した。","To alleviate this problem, the government issued an Emergency Recruitment Guideline for Mobilization. "]
[5779,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","その他","防空訓練","ぼうくうくんれん","Air-Raid Drills","防空訓練\n地元町内会では、月に数回、防空訓練を実施していました。","Air-Raid Drills\nLocal neighborhood associations conducted air-raid training sessions several times a month.","*文章内では「air-raid training sessions」と簡易的名称を使用した"]
[5780,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","その他","防空頭巾","ぼうくうずきん","air-raid hoods","参加者は防空頭巾をかぶり、消火の手順に従う事が求められました。","Participants were required to put air-raid hoods over their heads and follow fire extinguishment procedures."]
[5781,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","その他","非国民","ひこくみん","unpatriotic","夫が戦闘に従事していた女性は参加する義務はなかったが、参加しなかった場合、非国民ときせられます。","Women whose husbands were engaged in combat were not obligated to attend, but failure to do so could lead to them being branded unpatriotic"]
[5782,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","社会","長岡空襲","ながおかくうしゅう","Nagaoka Air Raid","アメリカ軍の長岡空襲作戦計画図 ","U.S. Military Plans for the Nagaoka Air Raid"]
[5783,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","動物","ヒメマス","ひめます","Himemasu salmon","私たちヒメマスは、世界のさまざまな地域で「コカニーサーモン」と呼ばれる陸封型のサケの一種です。","We himemasu salmon are a species of landlocked salmon called kokanee salmon in some parts of the world.","「Kokanee salmon」はカナダ呼称である可能性があり（環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所より）アメリカ英語のスタンダードな表現を調査し「Himemasu salmon」としましたが、地域によっては「Kokanee salmon」と表現している場合もあります。"]
[5784,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","庭園・公園","明治公園","めいじこうえん","Meiji Park","明治公園が爆撃中心地となっています。","Meiji Park is at its epicenter. "]
[5785,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","その他","かぼちゃ爆弾","かぼちゃばくだん","Pumpkin Bomb","１９４５年７月２０日午前８時１３分（現地時間）、アメリカ軍のB29爆撃機1機が、左近地区（旧上組村左近町）の畑に大きな「かぼちゃ爆弾」（形からその名がついた）1個を投下しました。","On July 20, 1945, at 8:13 a.m. local time, a single U.S. Army B-29 bomber dropped one large “pumpkin bomb” (so named because of its shape) on a field in the Sakon area (formerly the town of Sakon, Kamigumi Village). "]
[5786,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","建造物等","津上工場","つがみこうじょう","Tsugami Plant ","これはあくまでも試験爆撃であり、長岡の津上工場を狙っていたにもかかわらず、雲に覆われて視界が悪くなり、左近の畑に投下されてしまいました。","This was just a test bombing, and although the bomb was intended for the Tsugami Plant in Nagaoka, the cloud cover reduced visibility, causing it to be dropped in the field in Sakon. "]
[5787,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","その他","大型ナパーム爆弾","おおがたなぱーむばくだん","large napalm bomb","先頭の爆撃機（パスファインダーとも呼ばれる）が投下した大型ナパーム爆弾を、後続の主力爆撃機に向けて投下したもの。","A large napalm bomb dropped by the lead bomber (also known as the pathfinder) for the main bombing unit to follow."]
[5788,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","その他","クラスター爆弾","くらすたーばくだん","cluster bombs","Ｂ２９は焼夷クラスター爆弾を1発投下しました。各装置には、ナパームで満たされた38個のM69焼夷弾が含まれ、19発ずつ2段に分かれています。","B-29s dropped these incendiary cluster bombs. Each device contained 38 M69 bomblets, filled with napalm and divided into two stacks of 19. A total of 4,244 of these bombs were dropped on Nagaoka."]
[5789,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","その他","焼夷クラスター爆弾","しょういくらすたーばくだん","incendiary cluster bombs","Ｂ２９は焼夷クラスター爆弾を1発投下しました。各装置には、ナパームで満たされた38個のM69焼夷弾が含まれ、19発ずつ2段に分かれています。","B-29s dropped these incendiary cluster bombs. Each device contained 38 M69 bomblets, filled with napalm and divided into two stacks of 19. A total of 4,244 of these bombs were dropped on Nagaoka."]
[5790,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","その他","紙爆弾","かみばくだん","paper bombs","「紙爆弾」と呼ばれた空襲予告ビラは、日本国民の戦意を喪失させることを目的に作られました。","These air-raid notice leaflets, nicknamed “paper bombs,” were designed to break the Japanese people’s will to fight."]
[5791,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","工芸・美術品","折り鶴","おりづる","paper crane","この小さな折り鶴には、被爆して白血病を発症した１２歳の少女の祈りが込められています。","This small paper crane contains the prayer of a 12-year-old girl who developed leukemia from the radiation she absorbed during the bombing. "]
[5792,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","社会","零戦","れいせん","Zero Fighter","1945年の沖縄戦でUSSミズーリにカミカゼ攻撃を行った零式艦載機（零戦）のアルミ合金の破片です。","This is a fragment of aluminum alloy from a Type 0 aircraft (Zero Fighter) that made a kamikaze attack on the USS Missouri during the Battle of Okinawa in 1945."]
[5793,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","芸能・興行・イベント","長岡・ホノルル平和交流記念事業","ながおか・ほのるるへいわこうりゅうきねんじぎょう","Nagaoka-Honolulu Peace Exchange Commemoration Project","その後、２０１５年８月１４日〜１６日、終戦から70年を迎えたハワイの首都で、「長岡・ホノルル平和交流記念事業」が開催されました。","Later, from August 14–16, 2015, the Nagaoka-Honolulu Peace Exchange Commemoration Project was held in Honolulu, 70 years after the end of the war. "]
[5794,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","芸能・興行・イベント","平和・青春シンポジウム","へいわ・せいしゅんしんぽじうむ","Peace/Youth Symposium","平和・青春シンポジウムがパシフィック・アヴィエイション・ミュージアムで開催されました。","The Peace/Youth Symposium took place at the Pacific Aviation Museum."]
[5795,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","植物","白菊","しらぎく","shiragiku (white chrysanthemum) ","また、戦争で命を落とした日米両国の人々に敬意を表して、「白菊」の花火が真珠湾に打ち上げられました。","Additionally, shiragiku (white chrysanthemum) firework displays were launched at Pearl Harbor in honor of all those from the United States and Japan who lost their lives in the war."]
[5796,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","庭園・公園","悠久山公園","ゆうきゅうざんこうえん","Yukyuzan Park","悠久山公園は春になると多くの人が訪れ、特に桜が満開の4月上旬から中旬にかけては多くの人で賑わいます。","Yukyuzan Park draws many visitors in the springtime, especially from early to mid-April, when the cherry blossoms are in full bloom."]
[5797,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","山岳","悠久山","ゆうきゅうざん","Mt. Yukyuzan","公園の名前は、すぐ東側にある悠久山に由来しています。","The park is named after Mt. Yukyuzan, which lies just to the east."]
[5798,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","人物・人名・役職名","長岡藩主","ながおかはんしゅ","lord of the Nagaoka domain","村の中心人物であった長岡藩主牧野忠辰（1665～1722）は、数本の桜の植樹を監督し、この地の魅力を大きく高め、人々の集いの場となりました。","Makino Tadatoki (1665–1722), lord of the Nagaoka domain, which was centered in this valley, oversaw the planting of several cherry trees."]
[5799,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","その他","エネオス石油","えねおすせきゆ","Eneos Oil Company","エネオス石油の創業者で長岡出身の山田又七（1855～1917）の発案によるものです。","It was the brainchild of Yamada Matashichi (1855–1917), the founder of the Eneos Oil Company and a Nagaoka native."]
[5800,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","蒼柴神社","あおしじんじゃ","Aoshi Shrine","公園の入り口近くにある蒼柴神社は、250年近くの歴史があります。","Aoshi Shrine, near the park’s entrance, is almost 250 years old. "]
[5801,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","芸能・興行・イベント","七五三","しちごさん","Shichi-Go-San (“Seven-Five-Three”)","また、11月に行なわれる「七五三」で、子供の健やかな成長を祈願するために親が子供を連れて神社に参拝するなど、庶民的な風習と密接に結びついている。","It is closely bound up with popular traditions, including the November custom of Shichi-Go-San (“Seven-Five-Three”), in which parents take children of those ages to the shrine to pray for their healthy growth. "]
[5802,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","その他","米百俵","こめひゃっぴょう","“Kome Hyappyo” (One Hundred Sacks of Rice) ","小林氏は、より良い未来のために自分の資源を再投資することを提唱した「米百俵」の思想を展開したことで知られています。","Kobayashi is best known for developing the “Kome Hyappyo” (One Hundred Sacks of Rice) philosophy, which advocates reinvesting one’s resources to create a better future."]
[5803,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","博物館・美術館","長岡市歴史資料館","ながおかれきししりょうかん","Nagaoka City Museum of Local History","長岡市歴史資料館は、この公園の大きな魅力です。","The Nagaoka City Museum of Local History is the park’s major draw."]
[5804,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","長岡城","ながおかじょう","Nagaoka Castle","白を基調とした立体的な建物は、1868年の戊辰戦争で焼失した長岡城をはじめとする日本の封建時代の城郭をイメージしています。","The remarkable design of this white, multi-story building is inspired by the look of castles in feudal Japan, such as the original Nagaoka Castle, which was destroyed during the Boshin War in 1868."]
[5805,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","社会","戊辰戦争","ぼしんせんそう","Boshin War","白を基調とした立体的な建物は、1868年の戊辰戦争で焼失した長岡城をはじめとする日本の封建時代の城郭をイメージしています。","The remarkable design of this white, multi-story building is inspired by the look of castles in feudal Japan, such as the original Nagaoka Castle, which was destroyed during the Boshin War in 1868."]
[5806,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","社会","封建時代","ほうけんじだい","feudal Japan","白を基調とした立体的な建物は、1868年の戊辰戦争で焼失した長岡城をはじめとする日本の封建時代の城郭をイメージしています。","The remarkable design of this white, multi-story building is inspired by the look of castles in feudal Japan, such as the original Nagaoka Castle, which was destroyed during the Boshin War in 1868."]
[5807,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","日光東照宮","にっこうとうしょうぐう","Nikko Tosho-gu","蒼柴神社のデザインは、2世紀以上にわたって日本を支配した幕府の創始者である徳川家康（1543～1616）を祀った、日本を代表する神社の一つである日光東照宮をモデルにしています。","The design of Aoshi Shrine models that of Nikko Tosho-gu, one of Japan’s most famous shrines, which is dedicated to Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543–1616), founder of the shogunate that ruled Japan for more than two centuries."]
[5808,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","社会","西南戦争","せいなんせんそう","Seinan War ","そこから少し歩くと、戊辰戦争（1868年～1869年）と西南戦争（1877年）という2つの内戦で命を落とした人々の記念碑があります。","A short walk from there lies a memorial to those who gave their lives during two civil wars, the Boshin War (1868–1869) and the Seinan War (1877)."]
[5809,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","芸能・興行・イベント","長岡花火大会","ながおかはなびたいかい","The Nagaoka Festival Grand Fireworks Show","2万発以上の花火が打ち上げられる長岡花火大会は、規模と観客動員数の両方の面で、長岡花火大会の中でもトップ3にランクインしています。","The Nagaoka Festival Grand Fireworks Show involves more than 20,000 individual fireworks and ranks among the top three events of its kind in terms of both scope and attendance."]
[5810,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","社会","太平洋戦争","ながおかせんそう","Pacific War","しかし、太平洋戦争の勃発をきっかけに、何年もの間、イベントが中止になってしまいました。","However, the outbreak of the Pacific War led to the event’s cancellation for a number of years."]
[5811,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","芸能・興行・イベント","長岡維新祭","ながおかいしんさい","Nagaoka Restoration Festival","1946年8月1日、長岡市では長岡維新祭が開催されました。","And so a new annual tradition was born, starting on August 1, 1946, when the city held the Nagaoka Restoration Festival."]
[5812,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","芸能・興行・イベント","大民踊パレード","だいみんぞくぱれーど","Grand Folk Dance Parade","その中には、日本の夏祭りを彷彿とさせる賑やかな「大民踊パレード」も含まれています。","These include the Grand Folk Dance Parade, a lively celebration that is reminiscent of other Japanese summer festivals."]
[5813,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","芸能・興行・イベント","悠久太鼓ショー","ゆうきゅうたいこしょー","Yukyu Taiko Drumming Show","また、「悠久太鼓ショー」の迫力ある太鼓の音を楽しむことができます。","Visitors can also enjoy the thunderous beats of the Yukyu Taiko Drumming Show. "]
[5814,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","芸能・興行・イベント","越後長岡神輿渡御","えちごながおかみこしとぎょ","Echigo Nagaoka Mikoshi Parade","8月1日の夜には「越後長岡神輿パレード（越後長岡神輿渡御）」が開催され、全国各地のお祭りの特徴である神輿が町を練り歩く様子を見ることができます。","The Echigo Nagaoka Mikoshi Parade takes place on the evening of August 1. "]
[5815,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神輿","みこし","mikoshi (portable shrines)","全国各地のお祭りの特徴である神輿が町を練り歩く様子を見ることができます。","Here, visitors can join in the festive atmosphere as the mikoshi (portable shrines), another feature of festivals across Japan, make their way across town."]
[5816,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","山岳","米山","よねやま","Yoneyama","中学時代の同級生2人と「米山」と呼ばれる山に登ったことや、登山中に遭遇した巨人から身を隠したことなどを冗談交じりに語っている。","He talks about climbing a mountain known as “Yoneyama” with two of his fellow middle school classmates, and jokes about hiding from a giant that they encountered on their hike. "]
[5817,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","その他","常在戦場","じょうざいせんじょう","Jozai senjo (have a spirit of always being on the battlefield).","常在戦場（常に戦場に在る心を持つ）。明治時代 (1868–1912)の長岡藩主であった、牧野家の標語です。","Jozai senjo (have a spirit of always being on the battlefield). This was a motto of the Makino family, the lords of the Nagaoka domain for centuries up until the Meiji era (1868–1912)."]
[5818,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","人物・人名・役職名","海軍中佐","かいぐんちゅうさ","lieutenant colonel of the Navy","その年の12月には海軍中佐に昇進しました。その後、1920年5月には、ワシントンD.C.の日本大使館で海軍駐在武官として勤務を開始しました。","In December of that year, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel of the Navy. Later, in May 1920, he started work with the Japanese Embassy in Washington, D.C. as naval attaché."]
[5819,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","人物・人名・役職名","海軍駐在武官","かいぐんちゅうざいふかん","naval attaché","その年の12月には海軍中佐に昇進しました。その後、1920年5月には、ワシントンD.C.の日本大使館で海軍駐在武官として勤務を開始しました。","In December of that year, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel of the Navy. Later, in May 1920, he started work with the Japanese Embassy in Washington, D.C. as naval attaché."]
[5820,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","その他","誠意と慈愛","せいいとじあい","Charity and Generosity","誠意と慈愛","Charity and Generosity"]
[5821,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","工芸・美術品","将棋","shogi (a Japanese variant of chess)","shogi (a Japanese variant of chess)","五十六はトランプのブリッジから、麻雀やルーレットのような運が左右するゲーム、将棋（日本版のチェス）のようなその他のゲームまで、あらゆる種類のゲームを愛していました。","Isoroku loved games of all kinds, from card games like bridge, to games of chance like mahjong and roulette, to other games like shogi (a Japanese variant of chess)."]
[5822,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","その他","軍縮会議","ぐんしゅくかいぎ","Disarmament Conferenc","彼は、これから開催されるジュネーブ軍縮会議を非常に重視していました。","He placed great importance on the upcoming Geneva Disarmament Conference. "]
[5823,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","人物・人名・役職名","連合艦隊司令長官","れんごうせんたいしれいちょうかん","Commander-in-Chief of the Combined Fleet","連合艦隊司令長官\n五十六は、アメリカで過ごした経験から、アメリカ人の軍事力と強い意志をよく知っていました。","Commander-in-Chief of the Combined Fleet\nHaving spent time in their country, Isoroku knew all too well the military power and strong will of the Americans."]
[5824,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","工芸・美術品","儀礼茶器","ぎれいちゃき","ceremonial teacup","山本五十六は、戦前・戦後の日本を代表する実業家・藤原銀次郎にこの儀礼茶器を贈りました。","Yamamoto Isoroku presented this ceremonial teacup to Fujiwara Ginjiro, a businessman who was prominent in Japan before and after the war. "]
[5825,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","その他","勝鬨","かちどき","“Kachidoki” (literally, “cry of victory”)","この持ち運びができる茶器は「勝鬨」と名付けられています。","This portable tea set is named “Kachidoki” (literally, “cry of victory”). "]
[5826,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","その他","皇国興廃（大日本帝国の興亡）","こうこくこうはい（だいにちにっぽんていこくのこうぼう）","“Kōkoku no kōhai” (The rise and fall of Imperial Japan) ","表には「皇国興廃（大日本帝国の興亡）」、裏には「繋在此征戦（軍事遠征によるもの）」と書かれています。","It reads, “Kōkoku no kōhai” (The rise and fall of Imperial Japan) on the front, and, “Kakarite kono seisen ni ari” (Depends on this military expedition) on the back."]
[5827,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","社会","繋在此征戦（軍事遠征によるもの）","かかりてこのせいせんにあり（ぐんじえんせいによるもの）","“Kakarite kono seisen ni ari” (Depends on this military expedition) ","表には「皇国興廃（大日本帝国の興亡）」、裏には「繋在此征戦（軍事遠征によるもの）」と書かれています。","It reads, “Kōkoku no kōhai” (The rise and fall of Imperial Japan) on the front, and, “Kakarite kono seisen ni ari” (Depends on this military expedition) on the back."]
[5828,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","工芸・美術品","御賜（皇剣）","おんし（おうけん）","Onshi (“imperial gift”)","鎺は純銀製で、彫刻が施されています。表には「御賜（皇剣）」、裏には「頒（拝呈）」の文字が刻まれています。","The blade collar is made of pure silver, and also has engravings: Onshi (“imperial gift”) on the front, and Wakatsu (“presented to you”) on the back. "]
[5829,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","工芸・美術品","頒（拝呈）","わかつ（はいてい）","Wakatsu (“presented to you”) ","鎺は純銀製で、彫刻が施されています。表には「御賜（皇剣）」、裏には「頒（拝呈）」の文字が刻まれています。","The blade collar is made of pure silver, and also has engravings: Onshi (“imperial gift”) on the front, and Wakatsu (“presented to you”) on the back. "]
[5830,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","書物","日本航空学会誌","にほんこうくうがっかいし","Japan Aviation Society","さらに、五十六は当時の日本航空学会誌を購読して、最新の航空事情を常に把握していました。","Furthermore, Isoroku kept himself reliably informed of the latest aviation developments by subscribing to the journal of what was then the Japan Aviation Society."]
[5831,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","乗物","北前船","きたまえぶね","kitamae-bune (“northern-bound ships”)","北前船と呼ばれる商船は、物資や人の往来を行ったり来たりしていました。","Merchant vessels known as kitamae-bune (“northern-bound ships”) would ferry goods and people back and forth. "]
[5832,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","集落・街","寺泊","てらどまり","Teradomari ","本州の海岸線で佐渡島に最も近い場所に位置する寺泊は、島民と日本の架け橋としての役割を果たしていました。","Teradomari acted as a bridge between the islanders and the rest of Japan."]
[5833,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","禅宗","ぜんしゅう","Zen Buddhist","このお寺は、禅宗の僧侶であり歌人としても有名な良寛とゆかりの深いお寺です。","This temple is most commonly associated with Ryokan, a well-known Zen Buddhist monk and poet. "]
[5834,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","照明寺","しょうめいじ","Shomyoji Temple","照明寺\nこのお寺は、禅宗の僧侶であり歌人としても有名な良寛とゆかりの深いお寺です。","Shomyoji Temple\nThis temple is most commonly associated with Ryokan, a well-known Zen Buddhist monk and poet."]
[5835,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","白山媛神社","しらやまひめじんじゃ","Shirayamahime Shrine ","白山媛神社\n海上安全にゆかりのある二柱の女性神を祀った神社です。","Shirayamahime Shrine\nThis shrine is dedicated to two Shinto female deities linked to maritime safety"]
[5836,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","二面神社","にめんじんじゃ","Nimen Shrine","二面神社は白山姫神社の境内にあります。","Nimen Shrine is located on the grounds of Shirayamahime Shrine"]
[5837,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","乗物","千石船","せんごくぶね","sengokubune (“thousand rice bales ships”)","北の海岸沿いに北前航路を航行していた千石船（千の米俵船）が、寺泊に庭師と岩石の両方を乗せてきました。","The ships sailing along the Kitamae route along the northern coast, also known as sengokubune (“thousand rice bales ships”), brought both the gardener and the rocks to Teradomari. "]
[5838,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","聖徳寺","しょうとくじ","Shotokuji Temple","聖徳寺\n1593年に石川県から寺泊に移転したお寺です。","Shotokuji Temple\nThis temple relocated from Ishikawa Prefecture to Teradomari in 1593."]
[5839,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","養泉寺","ようせんじ","Yosenji Temple","養泉寺\n1594年に信濃国（現在の長野県）の浄興の僧侶によって創建されました。","Yosenji Temple\nThis temple was built in 1594 by a monk from Jokoji Temple in Shinano Province (present-day Nagano Prefecture)."]
[5840,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","法福寺","ほうふくじ","Hofukuji Temple","法福寺は、757年に建立された地域最古のお寺で、日蓮宗に属しています。","Hofukuji Temple\nHofukuji is the oldest temple in the area, dating from the year 757, and belongs to the Nichiren sect of Buddhism."]
[5841,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","日蓮宗","にちれんしゅう","Nichiren sect ","法福寺は、757年に建立された地域最古のお寺で、日蓮宗に属しています。","Hofukuji Temple\nHofukuji is the oldest temple in the area, dating from the year 757, and belongs to the Nichiren sect of Buddhism."]
[5842,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","動物","トキ","とき","ibis (toki) ","トキは、かつて日本をはじめ、中国、韓国、ロシアなどの近隣諸国にも生息していました。","The crested ibis (toki) once flourished across Japan and neighboring countries, including China, Korea, and Russia."]
[5843,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","その他","鴇色","ときいろ","toki iro (“ibis color”)","そして、2年目を迎える頃になると、鴇色（トキの色）と呼ばれるオレンジ色に染まった独特の色が出てきます。","Finally, around the two-year mark, the birds achieve their unique color, known as toki iro (“ibis color”), something of an orange-tinted red."]
[5844,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","人物・人名・役職名","良寛大愚","りょうかんたいぐう","Ryokan Taigu","出家の際に良寛大愚と名がつき、「心広く寛大で愚かな人」と訳されます。","It was when he was ordained that he received the name “Ryokan Taigu,” which can be translated as, “One who is broad of heart, generous, and foolish.”"]
[5845,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","テーマ施設等","馬高縄文館","うまたかじょうもんかん","The Umataka Jomon Museum","馬高縄文館\n長岡の名物「火焔土器」の破片が発見された馬高・三十稲場遺跡に建つ博物館です。","The Umataka Jomon Museum\nThis museum stands on the sites of the Umataka-Sanjuinaba excavation, where pieces of Nagaoka’s famous “flame pottery” were discovered."]
[5846,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","史跡","火焔土器","かえんどき","flame pottery","長岡の名物「火焔土器」の破片が発見された馬高・三十稲場遺跡に建つ博物館です。","This museum stands on the sites of the Umataka-Sanjuinaba excavation, where pieces of Nagaoka’s famous “flame pottery” were discovered."]
[5847,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","史跡","馬高・三十稲場遺跡","うまたか・さんじゅういなばいせき","Umataka-Sanjuinaba excavation","長岡の名物「火焔土器」の破片が発見された馬高・三十稲場遺跡に建つ博物館です。","This museum stands on the sites of the Umataka-Sanjuinaba excavation, where pieces of Nagaoka’s famous “flame pottery” were discovered."]
[5848,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","史跡","紐のマーク（縄文）","なわのまーく（じょうもん）","cord markings (jomon)","Dグループは、表面に紐のマーク（縄文）がついているだけのシンプルな形の土器。","Group D are pots that are simple in form, with only cord markings (jomon) on the surface. "]
[5849,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","史跡","土偶","どぐう","female figurines (dogu)","これらの女性像（土偶）は粘土で作られたもので、皿状の頭部と垂れ胸、へそが特徴的です。","These female figurines (dogu) were fashioned from clay and are noteworthy for their dish-shaped heads and prominent breasts and navels"]
[5850,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","芸能・興行・イベント","ほだれ祭り","ほだれまつり","Hodare Festival ","その後まもなく、第一回のほだれ祭りが開催されました。","Soon after that, the first Hodare Festival was held."]
[5851,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","芸能・興行・イベント","くじ引き","くじびき","kujibiki lotteries","若い方には、くじ引き抽選で賞品をゲットしたり、縁起の良いお餅作りを楽しむことができます。","Younger visitors can enjoy kujibiki lotteries for prizes and the making of lucky mochi (sticky rice cakes). "]
[5852,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","食","お餅","おもち","mochi (sticky rice cakes)","若い方には、くじ引き抽選で賞品をゲットしたり、縁起の良いお餅作りを楽しむことができます。","Younger visitors can enjoy kujibiki lotteries for prizes and the making of lucky mochi (sticky rice cakes). "]
[5853,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","食","かじか酒","かじかざけ","kajika-zake","大人向けには、魚を使ったお酒「かじか酒」をはじめとしたお酒の屋台が出ています。","For adults, there are stalls selling alcoholic drinks, including kajika-zake, a kind of sake made with fish. "]
[5854,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","食","あぶらげ、栃尾名物の揚げ豆腐","あぶらげ、とちおめいぶつのあげどうふ","aburage, Tochio’s deep-fried tofu","また、名物のジャンボサイズのあぶらげ、栃尾名物の揚げ豆腐を楽しむことができます。","In addition, visitors can enjoy the famous jumbo aburage, Tochio’s deep-fried tofu specialty. "]
[5855,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","集落・街","下来伝","しもらいでん","Shimoraiden","長岡郊外の栃尾エリアの集落、下来伝で3月の第2日曜日に行われます。","The festival takes place on the second Sunday of March in Shimoraiden, a village in the Tochio area on Nagaoka’s outskirts. "]
[5856,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","工芸・美術品","てまり","てまり","temari","長岡郊外の栃尾エリアでは、てまりと呼ばれる手づくりの伝統を守り続けている熟練の職人集団がいます。","On the outskirts of Nagaoka, in the Tochio area, a group of skilled craftspeople upholds the tradition of handmade gifts known as temari."]
[5857,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","工芸・美術品","のれん","のれん","noren door curtain","そこから、のれん（ドアカーテン）で飾られた巨大な屋根と木造の入り口を含む建物の正面を捉えることができます。","From there, you can take in the front of the building, including its huge roof and wood-framed entrance, adorned with a noren door curtain. "]
[5858,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","動物","錦鯉","錦鯉","Nishikigoi (multi-colored carp)","お堀の中をカラフルな錦鯉が泳いでいます。","Nishikigoi (multi-colored carp) swim in the moat."]
[5859,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","宝徳山稲荷大社","ほうとくさんいなりたいしゃ","Hotokusan Inari Taisha","宝徳山稲荷大社は、この種の神社でよく見られる木ではなく、主にコンクリートで作られています。","Hotokusan Inari Taisha is built primarily from concrete as opposed to wood, which is more common in shrines of this type."]
[5860,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","温泉","天然温泉","てんねんおんせん","hot springs (onsen)","蓬平町の天然温泉は、1390年に高龍神社が建立されて初めて目立つようになりました。","The natural hot springs (onsen) in the town of Yomogihira first became popular after the building of Koryu Shrine in 1390."]
[5861,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","滝","竹之高地不動の滝","たけのこうちふどうのたき","Takenokochi Fudo Waterfall","高龍神社の裏手にある傾斜した道を少し歩くと、竹之高地不動の滝があります。","A short walk up the sloping road, behind Koryu Shrine, lies Takenokochi Fudo Waterfall. "]
[5862,"福井県","永平寺町多言語化推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","曹洞宗大本山","そうとうしゅうだいほんざん","head temple of the Sōtō school of Zen Buddhism","永平寺は、日本の禅宗の一派、曹洞宗の二大本山の１つである。","Eiheiji Temple is one of Japan’s two head temples of the Sōtō school of Zen Buddhism. "]
[5863,"福井県","永平寺町多言語化推進協議会","その他","雑巾がけ","ぞうきんがけ","cleaning the entire temple’s corridors by hand","それから法堂で僧侶たちはお経をあげ、朝のお勤めが続き、簡単な粗食の朝食後、雲水たちは寺院の全ての廊下を手作業で掃除をする。これは「雑巾がけ」として知られている作業である。","After breakfast, which consists of a simple vegetarian meal, the unsui clean the entire temple’s corridors by hand, a process called zōkin-gake."]
[5864,"福井県","永平寺町多言語化推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","伽藍","がらん","core temple complex","永平寺は、その伽藍の配置で有名である。禅宗では、寺院は、僧侶たちが住み、食べ、眠り、そして修行する中心的な空間を形成する7つの基本構造物を中心に構成されている。","Eiheiji Temple is famous for the layout of its core temple complex, called the garan. In Zen Buddhism, temples are organized around seven fundamental structures that form the main spaces in which the monks live, eat, sleep, and practice Zen."]
[5865,"福井県","永平寺町多言語化推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","朝のお勤め","あさのおつとめ","daily morning services","法堂は、毎朝のおつとめ、仏教の講義、その他の重要な儀式に使用されてる。","The Hattō, or Dharma Hall, is used for daily morning services, sermons on the teachings of the Buddha, and for certain other important occasions."]
[5866,"福井県","永平寺町多言語化推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","三世仏","さんぜぶつ","Sanzebutsu, or \"Buddhas of the Three Worlds\"\n","阿弥陀は無限、永遠、そして極楽の遍在する仏様であり、釈迦牟尼は人類の歴史の生きた仏様であり、弥勒菩薩は遠い未来に現れる仏様である。これらの3つの仏様は共に、過去、現在、未来の三世仏である。","Amitabha is the infinite, eternal, and omnipresent celestial Buddha, Shakyamuni is the living Buddha of human history, and Maitreya is a Buddha who will appear in the distant future. They are collectively referred to as the Sanzebutsu, or “Buddha of the Three Worlds.”"]
[5867,"福井県","永平寺町多言語化推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","羅漢","らかん","arhats, the immediate disciples of Shakyamuni Buddha","参詣者には公開されてないが、山門の上層階には、釈迦牟尼仏の直弟子である500羅漢を納めた広間がある。","Although it is not open to visitors, the upper floor of the Sanmon contains a hall dedicated to the 500 arhats, the immediate disciples of Shakyamuni Buddha."]
[5868,"福井県","永平寺町多言語化推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","祭壇","さいだん","altar","僧堂の中央にある祭壇には、知恵の菩薩である文殊菩薩像が安置されている。","The altar at the center of the Sōdō bears a statue of Manjushri, the bodhisattva of wisdom. "]
[5869,"福井県","永平寺町多言語化推進協議会","食","すりこ木棒","すりこぎぼう","pestle","大庫院の入口付近に巨大な「すりこぎ棒」が掲げられている。これは明治時代（1868年〜1912年）に、寺院の建設工事中に、地面を叩いて平らにするために使用された道具から彫り出されたもので、ひどくすり減っている。","A huge wooden pestle hangs by the entrance to the Daikuin. The pestle was carved from a tool used to pound and flatten the ground for construction work during the Meiji era (1868–1912)."]
[5870,"福井県","永平寺町多言語化推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","三黙道上","さんもくどうじょう","silent training halls","東司は、永平寺の3つの三黙道場の1つであり、僧侶が禅の修行の一環として沈黙を守らなければならない場所である。","The Tōsu is one of Eiheiji Temple’s three sanmoku dōjō (“silent training halls”), areas where monks must remain silent as part of their Zen practice."]
[5871,"福井県","永平寺町多言語化推進協議会","食","胡麻豆腐","ごまどうふ","goma-dōfu","この地域は、仏教のベジタリアン料理である精進料理でその名をはせている。ゴマをすり潰しペーストにして、水、葛粉を加えて作った豆腐のような食感のゴマ豆腐は、肉の代用としてよく使われる。飲食店では他にも多くの地元料理を提供している。","The area is best known for shōjin ryōri, a type of Buddhist vegetarian cuisine. Goma-dōfu, a dish with a tofu-like texture that is made from kudzu starch, water, and ground sesame paste, is frequently served with this type of food as a meat substitute. "]
[5872,"福井県","永平寺町多言語化推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","魚鼓","ぎょく","hanging wood carving of a creature with the body of a fish and the head of a dragon","ゲストがロビーに入ると、吊り下げられた大きな魚鼓（ぎょく）、体は魚の形で、頭は龍の形をした木製の彫刻が迎えてくれる。 柏樹關の魚鼓は、以前は永平寺で使われていたものである。","As guests enter the lobby, they are greeted by a large gyoku, a hanging wood carving of a creature with the body of a fish and the head of a dragon. Prior to being installed at Hakujukan, the gyoku hung in Eiheiji Temple."]
[5873,"福井県","永平寺町多言語化推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","座禅","ざぜん","zazen (seated Zen practice)","柏樹關のスタッフは、宿泊客が永平寺の朝のお勤めや座禅の修行などの活動に参加する手配もしてくれる。","The staff at Hakujukan can also arrange specific activities at Eiheiji, such as attendance at the morning service or a zazen (seated Zen practice) session at the temple.","※「zazen」という言葉は英語にもありますが、一般的に「meditation」(瞑想)として定義されることが多いです。曹洞宗における「坐禅」は瞑想ではないので上記のように定義してあります。"]
[5874,"福井県","永平寺町多言語化推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","無病息災","むびょうそくさい","sound health","毎年7月9日、永平寺前の近隣住民が金毘羅堂に集まり、お香や蝋燭を灯しながら、お寺の繁栄、無病息災、諸願成就を祈願してお経を唱和する。","Every year on July 9, the residents of the neighborhood near Eiheiji Temple gather at Konpiradō and chant sutras while lighting candles and incense to pray for the prosperity of the temple, sound health, and the fulfillment of various wishes."]
[5875,"福井県","永平寺町多言語化推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","火防のお札","かぼうのおふだ","fire-warding paper charms","将来、大災害から地域社会を守るために、僧侶たちは毎年年初めに各家庭に秋葉山の火防のお札を配っている。","In order to protect the community from future catastrophes, the monks distribute fire-warding paper charms to each household at the start of each year."]
[5876,"福井県","永平寺町多言語化推進協議会","史跡","詩碑・和歌が刻まれた石碑","しひ・わかがきざまれたせきひ","stone monuments inscribed with poems","永平寺への参道には、日本の曹洞宗の開祖である道元禅師（1200–1253）によって詠まれた九首の和歌が刻まれた石碑が点在している。 ","The street leading to Eiheiji Temple is dotted with nine stone monuments inscribed with poems composed by Zen Master Dōgen (1200–1253), the founder of the Sōtō school of Zen Buddhism in Japan."]
[5877,"福井県","永平寺町多言語化推進協議会","その他","凡人・普通の人","ぼんじん・ふつうのひと","layperson","この和歌は、仏の教えを修行するために必ずしも僧侶になる必要はないという重要な暗示を伝えている。普通の人でも、自分が選んだ職業で一生懸命働きながら、お経を暗記して、その意味を理解できるのである。","This poem serves as an important reminder that one does not need to become a monk to practice the teachings of the Buddha. Even a layperson can recite and understand the meaning of sutras while working hard in their chosen occupation."]
[5878,"福井県","永平寺町多言語化推進協議会","その他","はかない人生の美しさ","はかないじんせいのうつくしさ","the beautiful ephemerality of life","朝露のように、存在は刹那である。 道元禅師にとって、これは暗い理解ではなく、はかない人生の美しさをもたらしてくれる機会であった。","Like the dew that evaporates in the morning, existence is impermanent. For Dōgen, this was not a bleak thought, but rather an opportunity to reflect on the beautiful ephemerality of life."]
[5879,"福井県","永平寺町多言語化推進協議会","その他","荒廃する","こうはいする","fall into disrepair","1244年、道元禅師は新たに開山された大仏寺：永平寺の前身に移った。 道元が離れた後、吉峰寺はほとんど放棄され、徐々に荒廃した。","In 1244, Zen Master Dōgen moved to the newly established Daibutsuji Temple, the precursor to Eiheiji Temple. After his departure, Kippōji Temple was largely abandoned and slowly fell into disrepair. "]
[5880,"福井県","永平寺町多言語化推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","梅花流詠讃歌","ばいかりゅうえいさんか","a type of hymn accompanied by bells that is unique to the Sōtō school of Zen Buddhism","永平寺の僧侶たちがお経を唱え、地元のボランティアたちは曹洞宗独特の梅花流詠讃歌を鐘の音に合わせて詠ずるのである。","Monks from Eiheiji Temple chant sutras, and groups of local volunteers sing baika-ryū eisanka, a type of hymn accompanied by bells that is unique to the Sōtō school of Zen Buddhism."]
[5881,"福井県","永平寺町多言語化推進協議会","自然現象","隆起","りゅうき","uprising","永平寺周辺地域でもいくつかの農民の暴力的な反乱があった。 隣接する加賀（石川県南部）は、農民の大規模な蜂起によって地方領主が倒された後、「農民が支配する地域」として知られている。","During this time, the region around Eiheiji Temple was the site of several violent peasant uprisings. The neighboring province of Kaga (now southern Ishikawa Prefecture) became known as a “province ruled by peasants” after they revolted and overthrew the local lords."]
[5882,"福井県","永平寺町多言語化推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","喜心","きしん","joyful mind","料理は創造（喜心）であり、子供を養い育てる親の心（老心）であり、山のように高く、海のように広い心（大心）で行われるのであり、全ての素材に平等に感謝しなければならない」と。","Furthermore, the act of cooking should be done with the joyful mind (kishin) of creation, the nurturing mind (rōshin) of a parent feeding their child, and the magnanimous mind (daishin) that is tall like a mountain and broad like the ocean, with equal appreciation for every ingredient."]
[5883,"福井県","永平寺町多言語化推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","老心","ろうしん","nurturing mind","料理は創造（喜心）であり、子供を養い育てる親の心（老心）であり、山のように高く、海のように広い心（大心）で行われるのであり、全ての素材に平等に感謝しなければならない」と。","Furthermore, the act of cooking should be done with the joyful mind (kishin) of creation, the nurturing mind (rōshin) of a parent feeding their child, and the magnanimous mind (daishin) that is tall like a mountain and broad like the ocean, with equal appreciation for every ingredient."]
[5884,"福井県","永平寺町多言語化推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大心","だいしん","magnanimous mind","料理は創造（喜心）であり、子供を養い育てる親の心（老心）であり、山のように高く、海のように広い心（大心）で行われるのであり、全ての素材に平等に感謝しなければならない」と。","Furthermore, the act of cooking should be done with the joyful mind (kishin) of creation, the nurturing mind (rōshin) of a parent feeding their child, and the magnanimous mind (daishin) that is tall like a mountain and broad like the ocean, with equal appreciation for every ingredient."]
[5885,"福井県","永平寺町多言語化推進協議会","建造物等","下見板","したみいた","clapboard","建物の外壁は、下見板とよばれる横長の板を少しずつ重ねた羽目板の一種で覆われ西洋風である。","The exterior of the building is covered with clapboard, a type of siding with horizontal boards laid in slightly overlapping rows, which is a Western feature."]
[5886,"福井県","永平寺町多言語化推進協議会","建造物等","桟瓦","さんがわら","a type of square tile that undulates from concave to convex","変電所は、長さ19メートル、幅8メートルの一層煉瓦造りである。切妻屋根は、凹型から凸型に起伏する正方形の桟瓦葺きである。","The substation is a single-story brick building measuring 19 meters long and 8 meters wide. Its gabled roof is covered with sangawara, a type of square tile that undulates from concave to convex."]
[5887,"福井県","永平寺町多言語化推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","第二道場","だいにどうじょう","the first affiliate monastery","宝慶寺は曹洞宗の「第二道場」（dai nidōjō）として、また永平寺の第一番札所として知られている。","Hōkyōji is known as Eiheiji’s dai-ni dōjō, or the first affiliate monastery of Daihonzan Eiheiji."]
[5888,"福井県","永平寺町多言語化推進協議会","建造物等","格天井","ごうてんじょう","coffered ceiling","傘松閣は、講義や坐禅に参加する大規模なグループを収容するために使用されている。 その最大の特徴は、格天井の230の特徴のある絵画で飾られた格間である。","The Sanshōkaku is used to accommodate large groups when holding lectures and zazen (seated Zen practice). Its most remarkable feature is its coffered ceiling, which is decorated with 230 unique paintings."]
[5889,"福井県","永平寺町多言語化推進協議会","建造物等","フリーズ","フリーズ","frieze","祭壇の上のフリーズには地元の大工によって彫られた精巧な彫刻が施されている。","The frieze above the altar is decorated with intricate wooden carvings by local carpenters."]
[5890,"福井県","永平寺町多言語化推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","数珠","じゅず","wooden prayer beads","祠堂殿には長さ約18メートル、重さ250キログラムの木製の大数珠が吊るされている。","A large set of wooden prayer beads (ōjuzu) measuring 18 meters long and weighing 250 kilograms hangs inside the Shidōden. "]
[5891,"福井県","永平寺町多言語化推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","修行","しゅぎょう","spiritual training","写経は、特定の願いが叶うための祈りでもあると考えられていたが、仏教の精神的修行であり、仏教の教えを広める意味を有していた。","Sutra copying is considered a form of spiritual training and a means of spreading Buddhist teachings, though it can also be performed as a prayer for the fulfillment of a particular wish."]
[5892,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","人物・人名・役職名","日蓮聖人","にちれんしょうにん","Nichiren Shonin (1222–1282) ","日蓮聖人（1222-1282）は、日蓮宗の開祖です。","Nichiren Shonin (1222–1282) was the founder of the Nichiren sect of Buddhism. (Shonin is a title meaning “revered priest.”)"]
[5893,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","南無妙法蓮華経","なむみょうほうれんげきょう","Namu myoho renge kyo (I take refuge in the Lotus Sutra)","「南無妙法蓮華経」(法華経に帰依する)という真言を発表し、日蓮の普遍的な救済の教えの中心となりました。","the mantra Namu myoho renge kyo (I take refuge in the Lotus Sutra), which became central to his teachings on universal salvation"]
[5894,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","書物","立正安国論","りっしょうあんこくろん","Rissho Ankoku Ron (Treatise on Spreading Peace throughout the Country by Establishing Orthodoxy)","日蓮は、これらの苦難を国民の誤った信仰の直接の原因と考え、1260年に『立正安国論』を著しました。","Believing these hardships to be a direct result of the people’s false beliefs, in 1260 Nichiren wrote Rissho Ankoku Ron (Treatise on Spreading Peace throughout the Country by Establishing Orthodoxy). "]
[5895,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","浄土","じょうど","Jodo (Pure Land) ","日蓮は、当時最も人気のあった浄土真宗や真言宗の誤った信仰を否定してこそ、国は災難を乗り越えることができると述べています。","Nichiren states that the country could overcome disaster only by rejecting the misguided beliefs of the Jodo (Pure Land) and Shingon schools of Buddhism."]
[5896,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","人物・人名・役職名","北条時頼","ほうじょうときより","Hojo Tokiyori (1227–1263)","鎌倉の事実上の将軍である北条時頼（1227-1263）","Hojo Tokiyori (1227–1263), the de facto shogun in Kamakura"]
[5897,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","人物・人名・役職名","富木常忍","ときじょうにん","Jonin Toki","日蓮は逃亡し、1261年春まで弟子の富木常忍の家に身を寄せました。","Nichiren escaped and hid at the home of his disciple, Jonin Toki, until the spring of 1261. "]
[5898,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","その他","伊豆半島","いずはんとう","Izu Peninsula","日蓮は、幕府から伊豆半島への流刑を言い渡されましたが、日蓮の罪状について正式な調査は行われませんでした。","the shogunate sentenced Nichiren to exile on the Izu Peninsula without any official investigation of his alleged crimes."]
[5899,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","人物・人名・役職名","船守弥三郎","ふなもりやさぶろう","Funamori Yasaburo","日蓮は伊豆の親切な漁師、船守弥三郎に引き取られました。","Nichiren was taken in by a kind fisherman in Izu named Funamori Yasaburo."]
[5900,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","真言","しんごん","Shingon","日蓮は浄土真宗、真言宗、禅宗の支持者からは敵視されていました。","Nichiren was still considered an enemy to many supporters of the Jodo, Shingon, and Zen schools of Buddhism. "]
[5901,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","人物・人名・役職名","東条景信","とうじょうかげのぶ","Tojo Kagenobu","日蓮帰国の知らせが安房東条郡の東条景信に届くと、東条景信は日蓮を殺そうと画策しました。","When news of Nichiren’s return reached Tojo Kagenobu, steward of Tojo Village in Awa, he plotted to have Nichiren killed. "]
[5902,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","社会","小松原事件","こまつばらじけん","Komatsubara Persecution","東条村松原付近で日蓮を待ち伏せした景信たち。日蓮は一命を取り留めたものの、手の骨を折られ、頭に刀傷を負いました。日蓮は手を骨折し、頭に刀傷を負いましたが、日蓮の部下2名が戦死しました。この事件は小松原事件と呼ばれています。","Kagenobu and his men ambushed Nichiren near Matsubara in Tojo Village. While Nichiren escaped with his life, he suffered a broken hand and a sword wound to his head. Two of his followers were killed in the battle. This incident is referred to as the Komatsubara Persecution."]
[5903,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","人物・人名・役職名","良観","りょうかん","Ryokan","幕府は極楽寺の住職である良観に雨乞いを命じました。","The shogunate ordered Ryokan, the chief priest of Gokuraku-ji Temple, to pray for rain. "]
[5904,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","島しょ","佐渡","さど","Sado","1271年、日蓮は再び日本海の離島である佐渡に流罪を言い渡されました。 ","In 1271, Nichiren was sentenced to exile again, this time to Sado, a remote island in the Sea of Japan. "]
[5905,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","社会","塚原論争","つかはらろんそう","Tsukahara Debate","1272年、日蓮は佐渡で地元の僧侶から宗教論争（後の塚原論争）を挑まれ、反対派の教義に反論することができました。","In 1272, Nichiren was challenged to a religious debate by local Buddhist priests on Sado (later known as the Tsukahara Debate) and was able to refute the doctrines from opposing schools."]
[5906,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","人物・人名・役職名","北条時宗","ほうじょうときむね","Hojo Tokimune (the shogun’s regent)","1274年、北条時宗（将軍執権）が日蓮の流罪を終わらせた","In 1274, Hojo Tokimune (the shogun’s regent) ended Nichiren’s banishment "]
[5907,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","山岳","身延山","みのぶさん","Mt. Minobu","５月12日、日蓮は鎌倉を離れ、富士山の西、現在の山梨県の身延山の近くに定住しました。","On May 12, he left Kamakura and settled near Mt. Minobu in what is now Yamanashi Prefecture."]
[5908,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","久遠寺","くおんじ","Kuonji","身延山に建立した久遠寺は、やがて日蓮宗の総本山となりました。","The temple he established here, Kuonji, would eventually be regarded as the head temple of the Nichiren sect. "]
[5909,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","城跡・城郭・宮殿","刈谷城","かりやじょう","Kariya Castle","1724年から1726年まで愛知県刈谷城主を務めた三浦明喬の母・三浦寿応院","Miura Juouin, mother of Miura Akitaka, who was lord of Kariya Castle in Aichi Prefecture from 1724 to 1726."]
[5910,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","人物・人名・役職名","日潮上人","にっちょうしょうにん","Niccho Shonin","この総門の看板は、久遠寺第36世住職の日潮上人が設置したものです。","Niccho Shonin, the 36th head priest of Kuonji Temple, crafted the sign on the gate."]
[5911,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","三門","さんもん","Sanmon Gate","三門は久遠寺の正門とされています。","The Sanmon Gate is considered the main gate to Kuonji Temple."]
[5912,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","空門","くうもん","kumon (emptiness)","3つの開口部を持つ寺院の門（三門）は、「3つの解放」の門とも呼ばれています。三門の三つの開口部は、それぞれ「空門」（くうもん）、「無相門」（むそうもん）、「無願門」（むがんもん）の三つの解脱の一つを表しています。","Temple gates with three openings (Sanmon) are also referred to as gates of the “three liberations.” Each of the three openings in the gate represents one of these liberations: kumon (emptiness), musomon (formlessness), and muganmon (inaction). "]
[5913,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","無相門","むそうもん","musomon (formlessness)","3つの開口部を持つ寺院の門（三門）は、「3つの解放」の門とも呼ばれています。三門の三つの開口部は、それぞれ「空門」（くうもん）、「無相門」（むそうもん）、「無願門」（むがんもん）の三つの解脱の一つを表しています。","Temple gates with three openings (Sanmon) are also referred to as gates of the “three liberations.” Each of the three openings in the gate represents one of these liberations: kumon (emptiness), musomon (formlessness), and muganmon (inaction). "]
[5914,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","無願門","むがんもん","muganmon (inaction)","3つの開口部を持つ寺院の門（三門）は、「3つの解放」の門とも呼ばれています。三門の三つの開口部は、それぞれ「空門」（くうもん）、「無相門」（むそうもん）、「無願門」（むがんもん）の三つの解脱の一つを表しています。","Temple gates with three openings (Sanmon) are also referred to as gates of the “three liberations.” Each of the three openings in the gate represents one of these liberations: kumon (emptiness), musomon (formlessness), and muganmon (inaction). "]
[5915,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","菩提悌","ぼだいてい","Bodaitei","三門のすぐ先には、1652年に建てられた古代の階段があります。この階段は「菩提梯」と呼ばれ、「悟りへの階段」を意味します。","Just beyond the Sanmon Gate is an ancient staircase built in 1652. The stairway is called the Bodaitei, which means “stairway to enlightenment.” "]
[5916,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","人物・人名・役職名","仁蔵","にぞう","Nizo","1632に日蓮宗の信者である仁蔵が母を連れて久遠寺にやってきました。","In 1632, a Nichiren follower named Nizo arrived at Kuonji Temple with his mother."]
[5917,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","二十八章と七字","にじゅうはっしょうとななじ","28 chapters and 7 Chinese characters","法華経には二十八章があり、「南無妙法蓮華経」は七文字で構成されています。したがって、二十八章と七字を合わせると二百八十七段になります。","The Lotus Sutra has 28 chapters and the chant Namu myoho renge kyo is made up of 7 Chinese characters. Therefore, 28 chapters and 7 Chinese characters put together would be 287. "]
[5918,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","五重塔","ごじゅうのとう","five-storied pagoda ","身延山を代表する五重塔です。","This five-storied pagoda is one of the most distinctive landmarks on Mt. Minobu. "]
[5919,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","人物・人名・役職名","前田利常","まえだとしつね","Maeda Toshitsune","加賀藩三代藩主前田利常の母である寿福院（1570～1631）","Jufukuin (1570–1631), the mother of Maeda Toshitsune, third lord of the Kaga domain (in present-day Ishikawa prefecture)."]
[5920,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","その他","赤い酸化鉄塗料","あかいさんかてつとりょう"," red iron-oxide paint","五重塔は身延山の山林から伐採された樹齢400年の木を使用し、赤い酸化鉄塗料で塗装されています。 ","It is made from the wood of 400-year-old trees felled from forests on Mt. Minobu and is painted with red iron-oxide paint."]
[5921,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","お釈迦様の遺灰","おしゃかさまのいはい","ashes of Shakyamuni, the historical Buddha","塔は通常、歴史上の仏であるお釈迦様の遺灰を安置するためのものです。","Pagodas are normally used to enshrine the ashes of Shakyamuni, the historical Buddha. "]
[5922,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","人物・人名・役職名","釈迦牟尼仏","しゃかむにぶつ","Shakyamuni Buddha","こちらは釈迦牟尼仏の遺灰を安置しているといわれ、世界各国の日蓮宗の信者の仏像も安置されています。","This one is said to hold the ashes of Shakyamuni Buddha and also includes the Buddha statues of followers of Nichiren from all over the world. "]
[5923,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","動物","ヒメマス","ひめます","Himemasu salmon","私たちヒメマスは、世界のさまざまな地域で「コカニーサーモン」と呼ばれる陸封型のサケの一種です。","We himemasu salmon are a species of landlocked salmon called kokanee salmon in some parts of the world.","「Kokanee salmon」はカナダ呼称である可能性があり（環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所より）アメリカ英語のスタンダードな表現を調査し「Himemasu salmon」としましたが、地域によっては「Kokanee salmon」と表現している場合もあります。"]
[5924,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","工芸・美術品","墨龍","ぼくりゅう","Dragon Painting (Bokuryu) ","1985年（昭和60年）に新本堂の開門式が行われました。その際、天井一面に描かれた「墨龍画」がお披露目されました。","In 1875, the main hall was lost in a large fire, but after many years the entire hall was rebuilt; the opening ceremony for the new Hondo was held in 1985. During the ceremony, the Dragon Painting (Bokuryu) was unveiled, extending across the ceiling. "]
[5925,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","人物・人名・役職名","日寛上人","にちかんしょうにん","Nichikan Shonin","久遠寺第21代住職日寛上人","Kuonji’s 21st head priest, Nichikan Shonin"]
[5926,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","人物・人名・役職名","道順","どうじゅん","Dojun","16世紀には、道順という日蓮宗の僧侶が日本全国を旅して資金を集めたが、目的を達成する前に亡くなってしまいます。","In the sixteenth century, a Nichiren priest named Dojun traveled across Japan to raise funds to build the bell but died before achieving his goal."]
[5927,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","養珠院","ようじゅいん","Yojuin (1577–1653)","徳川家康の側室であった養珠院（1577-1653）が多額の寄付をしてくれたことで、鐘の建設資金の調達が完了しました。","Yojuin (1577–1653), a member of Tokugawa Ieyasu’s concubine, made a large donation to complete the fundraising for the bell. "]
[5928,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","正座","せいざ","seiza (kneeling) position","一部の人は伝統的な正座（ひざを曲げる）で座るが、他の人は足を組んで座ります。","Some sit in the traditional seiza (kneeling) position, while others sit cross-legged. "]
[5929,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","開経偈","かいきょうげ","Kaikyoge","開経偈：法華経を開くための詩","Kaikyoge: verses for the opening the Lotus Sutra"]
[5930,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","お題目","おだいもく","Odaimoku","お題目を唱える：南無妙法蓮華経（なむみょうほうれんげきょう）を唱えます。","Chanting Odaimoku: Namu myoho renge kyo (I take refuge in the Lotus Sutra.) "]
[5931,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","宝塔偈\n","ほうとうげ","Hotoge","法華経の中の一節で、特別な拍子を持った宝塔偈を唱える。","Reciting Hotoge: a verse from The Lotus Sutra that has a special beat"]
[5932,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","四弘誓願","しぐせいがん"," Four Great Vows\n","四弘誓願を唱える","Reciting the Four Great Vows"]
[5933,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","お札","おふだ"," ofuda, which are talismans for protection or good luck that visitors can take home","僧侶の一人が、来訪者が持ち帰ることができる守護や縁起物のお守り、お札の入った箱を持って参拝者に近づきます。","One monk then approaches the crowd with a box filled with ofuda, which are talismans for protection or good luck that visitors can take home"]
[5934,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","御真骨堂","ごしんこつどう","Goshinkotsudo","日蓮の遺灰を安置する御真骨堂を建立し、日蓮の墓所としました。","Goshinkotsudo, a mausoleum that enshrines Nichiren’s ashes and is thus his official gravesite."]
[5935,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","思親閣","ししんかく","Shishinkaku Hall (lit., “hall of parental remembrance”) ","日蓮は、両親を偲ぶために身延山の山頂に思親閣(通称：親を想う御堂)を建てさせました。","Nichiren had Shishinkaku Hall (lit., “hall of parental remembrance”) built on top of Mt. Minobu. "]
[5936,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","食","団子","だんご","dango (sweet rice dumplings)","境内にはお土産屋さんがあり、新鮮なお団子が食べられます。","On the temple grounds is a souvenir shop that serves fresh dango (sweet rice dumplings). "]
[5937,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","自然現象","ダイアモンド富士","だいあもんどふじ","Diamond Fuji","また、3月から9月の早朝には、富士山の頂上から太陽が真上に昇り、まるでダイヤモンドのように輝く「ダイヤモンド富士」と呼ばれる現象が見られます。","The phenomenon known as “Diamond Fuji,” during which the sun rises directly above the peak of Mt. Fuji, creating an effect as if a sparkling diamond is sitting on the peak, can be observed in the early morning from March to September. "]
[5938,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","人物・人名・役職名","波木井実長","さねながはきり","Sanenaga Hakiri (1222–1297)","1274年から1282年に日蓮が亡くなるまで、波木井実長（1222-1297）の庇護を受けてここで暮らしました。","Beginning in 1274, he lived here under the protection of Sanenaga Hakiri (1222–1297) until his death in 1282."]
[5939,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","人物・人名・役職名","顕寿院殿夫人","けんじゅいんでんふじん","Lady Kenju-Inden","この草地を囲む低い石垣は、姫路の酒井公の妻である顕寿院殿夫人の寄進により建てられたものです。","The low stone walls surrounding the empty plot of grass were built with a donation by Lady Kenju-Inden, the wife of Lord Sakai of Himeji. "]
[5940,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","植物","しずくの桜","しずくのさくら","Shizuku no Sakura (“Dewdrop Cherry”) tree","身延山の日蓮の住居跡、御草庵跡近くにある「しずくの桜」は、樹齢約700年と推定され、山梨県で最も古い桜の一つです。","The Shizuku no Sakura (“Dewdrop Cherry”) tree is located near the site of Gosoan, Nichiren’s hut on Mt. Minobu. "]
[5941,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","御草庵跡","ごそうあんあと","the site of Gosoan, ","身延山の日蓮の住居跡、御草庵跡","the site of Gosoan, Nichiren’s hut on Mt. Minobu."]
[5942,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","植物","しだれ桜","しだれざくら","shidare zakura (weeping cherry trees)","全国各地で桜を楽しむことができますが、身延山エリアも例外ではありません。この地域には、白や淡いピンク色のしだれ桜が点在しています。","Mt. Minobu area is no exception. The area is dotted with shidare zakura (weeping cherry trees), which bloom in shades of white and light pink. "]
[5943,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","人物・人名・役職名","因幡房","いなばぼう","Inababo","御草庵の近く、下山郷という村に因幡房という人が住んでいました。因幡房は日蓮とその弟子たちの話を聞き、毎晩のように御草庵に行って日蓮の教えを聞いていました。","Near Gosoan, a man named Inababo lived in a village called Shimoyama-go. Inababo heard about Nichiren and his disciples and would go to Gosoan every night to listen to his teachings. "]
[5944,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","曼荼羅本尊","まんだらほんぞん","Mandala Honzon","展示されている代表的な絵画には、1281年に完成した「曼荼羅本尊」","Some of the most famous paintings on display include the Mandala Honzon, completed in 1281"]
[5945,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","波木井の御影","はきりのみかげ","the Mikage of Hakiri","展示されている代表的な絵画には、1281年に完成した「曼荼羅本尊」や1282年の日蓮聖人の肖像画である「波木井の御影」などがあります。","Some of the most famous paintings on display include the Mandala Honzon, completed in 1281, and the Mikage of Hakiri, a portrait of Nichiren Shonin dating to 1282. "]
[5946,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","集落・街","赤沢宿","あかさわしゅく","Akasawa-Shuku","山梨県の山奥には、日本でも数少ない宿場町の１つとして知られる「赤沢宿」と呼ばれる宿場町があります。","Hidden deep within the forested mountains of Yamanashi is one of the few remaining post towns in Japan, known as Akasawa-Shuku."]
[5947,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","マネギ札","まねぎふだ","manegi fuda","各旅館の入り口付近には、「マネギ札」と呼ばれる木製の銘板が掲げられていた。","At each inn, wooden name plates known as manegi fuda were displayed near the entrance."]
[5948,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","建造物等","旅館","りょかん","Ryokan","建物は当時のまま保存しているため、部屋は畳と布団を敷いた伝統的な旅館スタイルです。","the building has been preserved in its original form, and thus the rooms are in the traditional ryokan style with tatami mats and futon bedding. "]
[5949,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","講中札","こうちゅうふだ"," kochu fuda","マネギ札（まねぎふだ）は、「講中札」とも呼ばれ、赤沢宿の各旅館の玄関付近に飾ってあり、過去に訪れた人の名前が書かれている。","Manegi fuda, also called kochu fuda, are wooden plaques or name plates. At each of Akasawa-Shuku’s inns, they hang near the entrance, displaying the names of past visitors. "]
[5950,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","滝","羽衣白糸の滝","はごろもしらいとのたき","Hagoromo Shiraito Falls","「羽衣白糸の滝」は、身延山地を源流とする魅力的な自然の名所です。 ","Hagoromo Shiraito Falls is one of the most attractive natural landmarks in the area and its source is in the Minobu mountain area. "]
[5951,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","滝行","たきぎょう","takigyo","滝の下での瞑想は、現在でも行われています。","Waterfall meditation, known as takigyo in Japanese, is still practiced today. "]
[5952,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","敬慎院","けいしんいん","Keishinin","敬慎院は、自然の美しさとそれにまつわる歴史や神話で知られる七面山の山頂近くにある日蓮宗のお寺です。","Keishinin is a Nichiren Buddhist temple located near the summit of Mt. Shichimen"]
[5953,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","しめ縄","しめなわ","Shimenawa (sacred rope) ","苔むした大きな岩に注連縄が巻かれているのは、1297年に七面山に登った日朗聖人たちが、奥之院の前身である七面山の龍神（七面大明神）を祀ったとされる場所です。","The large, moss-covered rock, with a shimenawa (sacred rope) wrapped around it, marks the place where the Dragon Goddess (Shichimen Daimyojin) of Mt. Shichimen is said to have appeared to Nichiro Shonin and his followers when they climbed Mt. Shichimen in 1297 and built a shrine to the deity that is the predecessor of Okunoin."]
[5954,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","影嚮石","ようごうせき","Yogo seki","日蓮の弟子たちが龍神を見たとされる影嚮石と呼ばれる玉石もあります。","The boulder where a few of Nichiren’s disciples saw the Dragon Goddess, known as Yogo Seki, is here as well. "]
[5955,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","精進料理","しょうじんりょうり","Shojin ryori","鎌倉時代に日本に禅宗が広まったことで人気を博した「精進料理」。肉や魚、動物性の副産物を使わずに調理されています。 ","Shojin ryori became popular with the spread of Zen Buddhism in Japan during the Kamakura period (1185—1333). The food is prepared without meat, fish, or animal byproducts. "]
[5956,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","工芸・美術品","布団","ふとん","futon","一人一枚の布団ではなく、一枚の大きな布団で寝ます。一人一人に枕と布団の上の指定された場所が用意されています。","Instead of an individual futon, guests sleep on one large futon that spans the entire length of the room. Each person is given a pillow and a designated spot on the futon. "]
[5957,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","その他","ご来光","ごらいこう","Goraiko","ご来光とは \"光の到来 \"を意味し、山頂から日の出を見ることも意味します。","Goraiko means “the coming of light.” It is used to describe watching a sunrise from a mountaintop."]
[5958,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","玉前神社","たまさきじんじゃ","Tamasaki Shrine in Chiba Prefecture","レイライン現象とは、太平洋からの太陽光が千葉県の玉前神社に到達し、神社の赤い鳥居を照らす現象です。その光は富士山を通過します。次に、敬慎院と七面龍神像に到達し、額を照らします。最後に島根県の出雲大社にまで光が届きます。","During the “Ray Line” phenomenon, the sunlight from the Pacific first reaches Tamasaki Shrine in Chiba Prefecture and illuminates the shrine’s red torii gate. That light then passes through Mt. Fuji. Next, the light reaches Keishinin Temple and the Statue of the Shichimen Dragon Goddess, illuminating the statue’s forehead. Finally, the light reaches Izumo Shrine in Shimane Prefecture. "]
[5959,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","湖沼","一の池","いちのいけ","Ichinoike","敬慎院の裏手には、\"一の池 \"と呼ばれる池があります。","Behind Keishinin Temple is a pond known as Ichinoike, or “first pond.”"]
[5960,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","人物・人名・役職名","七面大明神","しちめんだいみょうじん","Shichimen Daimyojin, the Dragon Goddess of Shichimen. ","七面山のご祭神は七面大明神（しちめんだいみょうじん）","The deity of Mt. Shichimen is Shichimen Daimyojin, the Dragon Goddess of Shichimen. "]
[5961,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","人物・人名・役職名","日郎聖人","にちろうしょうにん","Nichiro Shonin","日蓮の初代弟子であり後継者でもある日郎聖人","Nichiro Shonin, Nichiren’s first disciple and successor. "]
[5962,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","奥之院","おくのいん","Okunoin","1297年、日蓮の後継者である日郎聖人が弟子たちと一緒に七面山に登り、現在の奥之院のある場所にたどり着きました。","In 1297, Nichiren’s successor, Nichiro Shonin, climbed Mt. Shichimen with a group of disciples, reaching the area where Okunoin Temple now stands."]
[5963,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","テーマ施設等","宮光園","みやこうえん","Miyakoen","宮光園は、日本のワイン業界の草分け的存在であった宮崎小太郎氏の旧ワイナリー兼ブドウ園です。","Miyakoen is the former winery and vineyard of Miyazaki Kotaro, a pioneer in the Japanese wine industry."]
[5964,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","集落・街","台ヶ原宿","だいがはらじゅく","Daigahara-Juku ","台ヶ原宿は山梨県北杜市にある宿場町で、江戸・甲州・信州を結ぶ甲州街道沿いにあります。","Daigahara-Juku is a post town located in Hokuto, Yamanashi, along the famed Koshu Kaido, a highway originally built to transport goods between Edo (present-day Tokyo), Koshu (present-day Yamanashi), and Shinshu (present-day Nagano). "]
[5965,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","食","水信玄餅","みずしんげんもち","Raindrop Cake","金精軒の商品は全国のお土産屋さんで販売されていますが、水信玄餅が食べられるのは「金精軒台ヶ原店」と「韮崎店」だけです。","Kinseiken Daigahara and Nirasaki shops are the only places where customers can try the fabled mizu shingen mochi, known as the Raindrop Cake in English. "]
[5966,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","食","七賢","しちけん","Shichiken (Seven Sages)","その中でも、山梨県で最も歴史のある酒蔵の一つである「七賢」。","Shichiken (Seven Sages), one of the oldest sake breweries in Yamanashi Prefecture. "]
[5967,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","建造物等","行在所","あんざいしょ","Anzaisho","七賢の6代目北原延世（きたはらのぶよ）が用意した「行在所（あんざいしょ）」と呼ばれる天皇の訪問時の宿泊施設","The accommodations for the emperor during an imperial visit, called an Anzaisho, were prepared by Kitahara Nobuyo, the 6th generation owner of Shichiken"]
[5968,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","食","黒蜜","くろみつ","kuromitsu ","米粉を使った柔らかいお菓子で、黒蜜やきな粉をかけて食べることが多い信玄餅","shingen mochi, a soft confection made with rice flour that is often served with kuromitsu (black sugar syrup) and kinako (roasted soybean powder). "]
[5969,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","食","信玄餅","しんげんもち","shingen mochi","米粉を使った柔らかいお菓子で、黒蜜やきな粉をかけて食べることが多い信玄餅","shingen mochi, a soft confection made with rice flour that is often served with kuromitsu (black sugar syrup) and kinako (roasted soybean powder). "]
[5970,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","食","きなこ","きなこ","kinako","米粉を使った柔らかいお菓子で、黒蜜やきな粉をかけて食べることが多い信玄餅","shingen mochi, a soft confection made with rice flour that is often served with kuromitsu (black sugar syrup) and kinako (roasted soybean powder). "]
[5971,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","テーマ施設等","南アルプスユネスコエコパーク","みなみあるぷすゆねすこえこぱーく","the Minami Alps UNESCO Eco Park","尾白川渓谷は、北杜市の南アルプス連峰の麓に位置しています。山梨のハイキングやキャンプ場として人気のエリアです。南アルプスユネスコエコパークに登録されています。","The Ojiragawa Valley is located in the foothills of the Minami Alps range in the municipality of Hokuto. It is a popular area for hiking and camping in Yamanashi. The valley is part of the Minami Alps UNESCO Eco Park. "]
[5972,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","駒ヶ岳講","こまがたけこう"," Komagatake Ko worship","駒ヶ岳講と呼ばれる宗教団体の信者は、山頂に登りながらお経を唱えることで山を崇拝します。","Followers of the religious association called Komagatake Ko worship the mountain by reciting a sutra while climbing to the summit. "]
[5973,"山梨県","公共財団法人 やまなし観光推進機構(地域連携DMO)","河川・渓谷","尾白川渓谷","おじらがわけいこく","Ojiragawa Valley","尾白川渓谷は、北杜市の南アルプス連峰の麓に位置しています。","The Ojiragawa Valley is located in the foothills of the Minami Alps range in the municipality of Hokuto. "]
[5974,"静岡県","浜名湖ガーデンツーリズム推進会議","湖沼","浜名湖","はまなこ","Lake Hamana","アメイジングガーデン・浜名湖のプロジェクトを構成するのは、浜松市の浜名湖周辺に位置する7カ所の庭園です。","The “Amazing Garden Lake Hamana” project consists of seven gardens in and around the Lake Hamana area of Hamamatsu City.","※表記統一のため、「浜名湖」は「Lake Hamana」を採用いたしました。"]
[5975,"静岡県","浜名湖ガーデンツーリズム推進会議","植物","フクジュソウ","ふくじゅそう","fukujuso","小さな黄色い花をつけるフクジュソウ、食べると毒になるロウバイ（ジャパニーズ・オールスパイス）、明るいピンクや白のツバキやサザンカといった日本原産の花はこの時期に咲きます。","Native flowers such as fukujuso, a small yellow flower, and robai, known as Japanese allspice but toxic if eaten, flower during this period, as do bright pink and white camellia shrubs.","※「fukujuso」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「a small yellow flower」も使用することも可能。"]
[5976,"静岡県","浜名湖ガーデンツーリズム推進会議","植物","ロウバイ","ろうばい","robai","小さな黄色い花をつけるフクジュソウ、食べると毒になるロウバイ（ジャパニーズ・オールスパイス）、明るいピンクや白のツバキやサザンカといった日本原産の花はこの時期に咲きます。","Native flowers such as fukujuso, a small yellow flower, and robai, known as Japanese allspice but toxic if eaten, flower during this period, as do bright pink and white camellia shrubs.","※「robai」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「Japanese allspice」を使用することも可能。"]
[5977,"静岡県","浜名湖ガーデンツーリズム推進会議","湖沼","噴水池","ふんすいいけ","Dancing Fountain","園内の中央にある噴水池は、30分おきに音楽に合わせて「踊る」噴水が呼び物になっています。","The centrally located Dancing Fountain features “dancing” jets of water that shoot from it in time to music every 30 minutes. "]
[5978,"静岡県","浜名湖ガーデンツーリズム推進会議","動植物園・水族館","浜松市動物園","はままつしどうぶつえん","Hamamatsu Zoological Garden","隣の浜松市動物園でも利用できるお得な共通入園券もあります。","Discount tickets covering access to both Hamamatsu Flower Park and the adjacent Hamamatsu Zoological Garden are available.","※公式サイトでは多数の表記が存在するため、「Hamamatsu Zoological Garden」を使用いたしました。\nhttps://www.hamazoo.net/outline_en.php"]
[5979,"静岡県","浜名湖ガーデンツーリズム推進会議","庭園・公園","池泉鑑賞式","ちせんかんしょうしき","chisen kansho style","龍潭寺庭園は小堀遠州（1579～1647年）が設計した「池を鑑賞するスタイルの庭園」すなわち池泉鑑賞式庭園です。","Ryotanji’s garden was designed by Kobori Enshu (1579–1647) in the chisen kansho or “pond-appreciation” style, a design best viewed from one spot––in this case, the main hall.","※「chisen kansho」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「 “pond-appreciation”」を使用することも可能。"]
[5980,"静岡県","浜名湖ガーデンツーリズム推進会議","植物","満天星","どうだんつつじ","heather shrubs (dodan tsutsuji)","サツキの美しさを引き立てるのは、ツツジ科の低木、満天星です。満天星は春には白い優美な花を咲かせ、秋には深紅に紅葉します。","These are complemented by heather shrubs (dodan tsutsuji) with delicate white flowers in spring and deep red leaves in the autumn. ","※「dodan tsutsuji」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「 heather」も使用することも可能。"]
[5981,"静岡県","浜名湖ガーデンツーリズム推進会議","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","菩提寺","ぼだいじ","ancestral temple","龍潭寺は、初代当主が誕生した1010年まで遡ることができる日本の名家、井伊家の菩提寺です。","Ryotanji is the ancestral temple of the Ii family, a prominent Japanese family that traces its roots to the year 1010 and includes a number of important figures throughout Japanese history."]
[5982,"静岡県","浜名湖ガーデンツーリズム推進会議","建造物等","きれいさび","きれいさび","kirei  sabi","「きれいさび」という設計様式をつくり出したのも小堀です。「きれいさび」は美しさと素朴さを兼ね備え、日本の平安時代（794～1185年）の美意識に根ざしています。","Enshu established the kirei sabi design style which, in contrast with the more widely known and austere concept of wabi sabi, combined gracefulness with simplicity, and has roots in Heian period (794–1185) aesthetics.","※「kirei sabi」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[5983,"静岡県","浜名湖ガーデンツーリズム推進会議","城跡・城郭・宮殿","出世城","しゅっせじょう","Castle of Success","浜松城が「出世城」として知られているのは、何世紀にもわたり、影響力のある人々がこの城に関わってきたからです。","Hamamatsu Castle is known as the “Castle of Success” due to the influential figures that have been associated with it over the centuries.","※公式サイトに「shusse \"success\" castle」のような表現も使われていますが、ネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現にするため、「Castle of Success」にいたしました。\nhttps://www.entetsuassist-dms.com/hamamatsu-jyo/en/"]
[5984,"静岡県","浜名湖ガーデンツーリズム推進会議","人物・人名・役職名","老中","ろうじゅう","roju","例えば将軍に直属して政務を行う最高位である老中になった者は5人います。","These included five who became elder (roju) administrators, one of the highest-ranking positions under the shogunate.","※「roju」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「elder administrators」も使用することも可能。"]
[5985,"静岡県","浜名湖ガーデンツーリズム推進会議","建造物等","野面積み","のづらづみ","nozura zumi","この石垣は野面積みでできています。野面積みはそれぞれの石の最も大きな面を表にして積み上げていく方法です。","The foundations were built in the nozura zumi style, which consists of stones stacked on top of one another with their largest sides facing outwards."]
[5986,"静岡県","浜名湖ガーデンツーリズム推進会議","建造物等","松韻亭","しょういんてい","Shointei Tea House","浜松城公園の奥まったところにある建物。それが茶室・松韻亭です。","Nestled within the grounds of Hamamatsu Castle Park is the Shointei Tea House. ","※公式サイトでは多数の表記が存在するため、「Shointei Tea House」を使用いたしました。\nhttps://www.entetsuassist-dms.com/hamamatsu-jyo/en/shointei/"]
[5987,"静岡県","浜名湖ガーデンツーリズム推進会議","その他","立礼","りゅうれい","ryurei","この姿勢は、最初は座り心地が悪いかもしれないので、松韻亭では正座をしなくても済むようにテーブルや椅子を備えた立礼式の部屋（立礼席）を用意しています。","This position can initially be uncomfortable, therefore Shointei provides a ryurei-style room with tables and chairs as an option to sitting in the seiza style."]
[5988,"静岡県","浜名湖ガーデンツーリズム推進会議","建造物等","萩庵","はぎあん","Hagi-an","庭園の裏には、主棟の茶室・松韻亭よりも小さな茶室があります。より伝統的な設計で閉鎖的な空間であるこの茶室は、松韻亭の周辺で育ち紫色の花をつける萩にちなみ「萩庵」と名づけられています。","At the back of the garden is the Hagi-an tea house, smaller than the main building and with a more traditionally enclosed design. It is named after the purple-flowered bush clover (hagi) that grows in the area.","※公式サイトとは異なる表記を採用いたしました。\nhttps://www.entetsuassist-dms.com/hamamatsu-jyo/en/shointei/"]
[5989,"静岡県","浜名湖ガーデンツーリズム推進会議","植物","萩","はぎ","hagi","庭園の裏には、主棟の茶室・松韻亭よりも小さな茶室があります。より伝統的な設計で閉鎖的な空間であるこの茶室は、松韻亭の周辺で育ち紫色の花をつける萩にちなみ「萩庵」と名づけられています。","At the back of the garden is the Hagi-an tea house, smaller than the main building and with a more traditionally enclosed design. It is named after the purple-flowered bush clover (hagi) that grows in the area.","※「hagi」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「 bush clover」を使用することも可能。"]
[5990,"静岡県","浜名湖ガーデンツーリズム推進会議","庭園・公園","加茂荘花鳥園","かもそうかちょうえん","Kamo Garden","加茂荘花鳥園は長い歴史がある庭園兼ナーセリー（花き栽培園）で、浜松の東にある深い森に囲まれた山々を背景にしています。","Kamo Garden is a garden park and plant nursery with a long history, located in the thickly forested mountains east of Hamamatsu.","※ご希望の表記「Kamo Garden」を採用いたしました。"]
[5991,"静岡県","浜名湖ガーデンツーリズム推進会議","庭園・公園","可睡ゆりの園","かすいゆりのその","Kasui Yuri no Sono Lily Park","可睡ゆりの園は浜松の東に位置し、ゆりの栽培と展示に特化した9ヘクタールを超える敷地からなっています。","Kasui Yuri no Sono Lily Park comprises over nine hectares of land located to the east of Hamamatsu dedicated to the cultivation and display of lilies."]
[5992,"静岡県","浜名湖ガーデンツーリズム推進会議","植物","スカシユリ","すかしゆり","sukashi-yuri","開園期間の初めには、スカシユリが満開になります。この名称は開いた花びらに隙間すなわち「透かし」があることにちなんでいます。","At the beginning of the display season, the “openwork lily” (sukashi-yuri), named for the gaps between its open petals, is in full bloom, followed later by various hybrid varieties. ","※「sukashi-yuri」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「openwork lily」も使用することも可能。"]
[5993,"静岡県","浜名湖ガーデンツーリズム推進会議","植物","ミニゆり","みにゆり","tiny lily","ギフトショップでは一般の市場ではなかなか見つからない珍しい品種のゆりを販売しています。その中には、限られたスペースの庭にうってつけの小さな「ミニゆり」のシリーズや、まるで1輪がもう1輪の中に入っていて2輪咲いているかのように見える八重咲きの大きめなゆりがあります。","The gift shop sells a selection of rare lilies that are hard to find commercially, including the dwarf “tiny lily” series ideal for gardens with limited space, as well as the larger, double-flowered (yae-zaki) lilies that give the impression of two lilies blooming together, one within the other."]
[5994,"静岡県","浜名湖ガーデンツーリズム推進会議","植物","八重咲き","やえざき","yae-zaki","ギフトショップでは一般の市場ではなかなか見つからない珍しい品種のゆりを販売しています。その中には、限られたスペースの庭にうってつけの小さな「ミニゆり」のシリーズや、まるで1輪がもう1輪の中に入っていて2輪咲いているかのように見える八重咲きの大きめなゆりがあります。","The gift shop sells a selection of rare lilies that are hard to find commercially, including the dwarf “tiny lily” series ideal for gardens with limited space, as well as the larger, double-flowered (yae-zaki) lilies that give the impression of two lilies blooming together, one within the other.","※「yae-zaki」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「double-flowered lilies」も使用することも可能。"]
[5995,"静岡県","浜名湖ガーデンツーリズム推進会議","人物・人名・役職名","可睡和尚","かすいおしょう","the sleeping monk","それ以降、住職は「可睡和尚」として、東陽軒は「居眠りすることが許されている寺」という意味の「可睡斎」として知られるようになりました。","Thereafter, the abbot became known as “the sleeping monk,” and the temple he oversaw, Toyoken, came to be known as Kasuisai, meaning “the temple where one can sleep.”"]
[5996,"静岡県","浜名湖ガーデンツーリズム推進会議","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","小國神社","おくにじんじゃ","Okuni Jinja Shrine","小國神社は浜松市の中心部から北西にある神社で、歴史書には早くも840年に記載されています。","Okuni Jinja Shrine, which appears in records from as early as 840 CE, is a Shinto shrine located to the northeast of central Hamamatsu."]
[5997,"静岡県","浜名湖ガーデンツーリズム推進会議","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","一宮","いちのみや","ichinomiya","日本中の他の諸国と同様、遠江国でも神社はその格式に応じて序列がつけられていました。国内で最も格式が高い神社は一宮（「第一の神社」）と呼ばれました。一宮というランクは、その神社の歴史、規模、地元の名家からの支援の量を基にして勅使が授けました。","The most prestigious shrine in a province was called ichinomiya (“first shrine”), a ranking bestowed by an imperial envoy based on a shrine’s history, size, and the amount of support it received from prominent local families. ","※「ichinomiya」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「first shrine」も使用することも可能。"]
[5998,"静岡県","浜名湖ガーデンツーリズム推進会議","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","斎庭","ゆにわ","yuniwa","小國神社や周囲の森は聖地と見なされ、「斎庭（ゆにわ）」と呼ばれています。","The shrine and surrounding forests of Okuni Jinja are considered sacred ground, described as a yuniwa. ","※「yuniwa」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「sacred ground」もしくは「consecrated ground」も使用することも可能。"]
[5999,"静岡県","浜名湖ガーデンツーリズム推進会議","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","本殿","ほんでん","honden","小國神社の境内には数々の建物があり、その中心は本殿です。","The precincts of Okuni Jinja Shrine contain a number of buildings, with the inner sanctuary, known as the honden, at its heart.","※「honden」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「inner sanctuary」も使用することも可能。"]
[6000,"静岡県","浜名湖ガーデンツーリズム推進会議","建造物等","大社造","たいしゃづくり","taisha-zukuri","本殿は大社造で、その切妻屋根の両端は、二又状に渡された2本の棒でできた頂華で飾られています。","The honden is built in the taisha-zukuri style, with the gabled roof adorned on both ends by forked finials composed of two crossed poles. ","※「taisha-zukuri」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[6001,"静岡県","浜名湖ガーデンツーリズム推進会議","テーマ施設等","浜名湖ガーデンパーク","はまなこがーでんぱーく","Hamanako Garden Park","浜名湖ガーデンパークは、浜名湖に突き出た小さな半島の突端に位置し、56ヘクタールある広々とした緑地です。","Hamanako Garden Park consists of 56 hectares of green, open space at the tip of a small peninsula in Lake Hamana, near central Hamamatsu.","※「浜名湖」は「Lake Hamana」になっていますが、「浜名湖ガーデンパーク」では固有名詞のため「Hamanako」が使用されています。"]
[6002,"静岡県","浜名湖ガーデンツーリズム推進会議","テーマ施設等","国際庭園","こくさいていえん","International Garden","国際庭園では世界各地の8つの形式の庭園がみられます。","The International Garden showcases eight garden styles from around the world. "]
[6003,"静岡県","浜名湖ガーデンツーリズム推進会議","テーマ施設等","百華園","ひゃっかえん","Garden of 100 Flowers","百華園には「百の花」という名がついていますが、実際には世界中から集めた数千種類ものさまざまな植物を展示しています。","The Garden of 100 Flowers contains thousands of different plant varieties from around the globe, despite its name. ","※英語の定訳がなかったため、Garden of 100 Flowers にいたしました。\nhttps://www.hamanako-gardenpark.jp/parkmap/village/hundred.php"]
[6004,"静岡県","浜名湖ガーデンツーリズム推進会議","テーマ施設等","花の美術館","はなのびじゅつかん","Flower Art Gallery","花の美術館の、パステルカラーのコテージとそれに隣接する庭園は、19世紀後半のフランスの印象派の絵画をモデルにしています。","The pastel-colored cottage and adjoining garden of the Flower Art Gallery are modelled on French Impressionist paintings from the late-nineteenth century.","※英語の定訳がなかったため、Flower Art Gallery にいたしました。\nhttps://www.hamanako-gardenpark.jp/parkmap/village/museum.php"]
[6005,"静岡県","浜名湖ガーデンツーリズム推進会議","食","ウナギ","うなぎ","unagi","浜名湖ではウナギやハモが養殖されています。どちらも浜松ならではの特産品で、浜名湖ガーデンパークのレストランのメニューになっています。","Lake Hamana is a source of cultivated unagi and hamo eel, which are a local specialty in Hamamatsu and are served in the park’s restaurant.","※「unagi」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「eel」も使用することも可能。"]
[6006,"静岡県","浜名湖ガーデンツーリズム推進会議","食","ハモ","はも","hamo","浜名湖ではウナギやハモが養殖されています。どちらも浜松ならではの特産品で、浜名湖ガーデンパークのレストランのメニューになっています。","Lake Hamana is a source of cultivated unagi and hamo eel, which are a local specialty in Hamamatsu and are served in the park’s restaurant.","※「hamo」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「eel」も使用することも可能。"]
[6007,"静岡県","浜名湖ガーデンツーリズム推進会議","テーマ施設等","アメイジングガーデン・浜名湖","あめいじんぐがーでん・はまなこ","Amazing Garden Lake Hamana","こうした花の博覧会の経験を活かして2019年に始まったアメイジングガーデン・浜名湖の取り組みは、浜名湖とその周辺地域を1つの「アメイジングガーデン」として指定することによって地元の庭園への観光を促進することを目的としています。","These exhibitions inspired the Amazing Garden Lake Hamana initiative, which commenced in 2019 with the aim of promoting tourism to local gardens by designating the Lake Hamana area and its surroundings one amazing garden."]
[6008,"静岡県","浜名湖ガーデンツーリズム推進会議","テーマ施設等","はままつフラワーパーク","はままつふらわーぱーく","Hamamatsu Flower Park","はままつフラワーパークは1970年に開園した約30万ヘクタールの植物園で、浜松市中心部の北西にあり、浜名湖に隣接しています。","Hamamatsu Flower Park is a botanical garden established in 1970 on about 30 hectares of land northwest of central Hamamatsu, bordering Lake Hamana. "]
[6009,"静岡県","浜名湖ガーデンツーリズム推進会議","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","龍潭寺","りょうたんじ","Ryotanji Temple","龍潭寺は733年に創設された臨済宗（禅宗）の寺院です。浜松市中心部の北に位置し、井伊谷川の近くにあります。","Ryotanji Temple was founded in 733 CE and is a Zen Buddhist temple of the Rinzai sect, located north of central Hamamatsu close to the banks of the Iinoya River."]
[6010,"静岡県","浜名湖ガーデンツーリズム推進会議","河川・渓谷","井伊谷川","いいのやがわ","Iinoya River","龍潭寺は733年に創設された臨済宗（禅宗）の寺院です。浜松市中心部の北に位置し、井伊谷川の近くにあります。","Ryotanji Temple was founded in 733 CE and is a Zen Buddhist temple of the Rinzai sect, located north of central Hamamatsu close to the banks of the Iinoya River."]
[6011,"静岡県","浜名湖ガーデンツーリズム推進会議","庭園・公園","浜松城公園","はままつじょうこうえん","Hamamatsu Castle Park","浜松城公園の奥まったところにある建物。それが茶室・松韻亭です。","Nestled within the grounds of Hamamatsu Castle Park is the Shointei Tea House. "]
[6012,"静岡県","浜名湖ガーデンツーリズム推進会議","岩石・洞窟","蓬莱岩島","ほうらいがんとう","horai ganto","池の中央には「蓬莱岩島」と呼ばれる石があります。この石は、中国神話で不老不死の仙人8人（八仙）が住むとされる伝説の地「蓬莱」を象徴しています。","In the center of the pond is the horai ganto stone, which symbolizes Horai, the legendary home of the eight immortals in Chinese mythology.","※「horai ganto」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[6013,"静岡県","浜名湖ガーデンツーリズム推進会議","食","粽","ちまき","chimaki","庭園にも温室にも、笹の葉でくるんだ米（粽）などさまざまな種類の昔ながらの軽食やデザートを出す食事処があります。庭園と建物は1年中開放されています。","Both the gardens and greenhouse have dining facilities where a selection of traditional desserts and snacks are served, such as rice wrapped in bamboo leaves (chimaki).","※「chimaki」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「rice wrapped in bamboo leaves」も使用することも可能。"]
[6014,"静岡県","浜名湖ガーデンツーリズム推進会議","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","秋葉神社","あきはじんじゃ","Akiha Jinja Shrine","その頃の旅人はかつての秋葉路を通って秋葉神社に参拝に行くとき、神社のそばにある加茂家の庄屋屋敷を通ったのでしょう。","Travelers at the time would have passed by here as they journeyed along the old Akiha road to pray at the nearby Akiha Jinja Shrine. "]
[6015,"静岡県","浜名湖ガーデンツーリズム推進会議","植物","花菖蒲","はなしょうぶ","hanashobu","花菖蒲園は加茂荘花鳥園の呼び物です。この庭園は広さが約1ヘクタールで、600種類以上の花菖蒲が植えてあります。","The iris garden is the centerpiece of Kamo Garden and is approximately one hectare in size and contains over 600 varieties of Japanese iris (hanashobu).","※「hanashobu」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「Japanese iris」も使用することも可能。"]
[6016,"静岡県","浜名湖ガーデンツーリズム推進会議","城跡・城郭・宮殿","岩出山城","いわでやまじょう","Iwadeyama Castle","加茂家の言い伝えによると、最初の花菖蒲は江戸時代（1603～1867年）初期に加茂家に嫁いだ高貴な生まれの女性が、はるか遠い東北の岩出山城からもってきました。","According to family legend, the original irises were brought from the distant Iwadeyama Castle in northern Japan during the early Edo period (1603–1867) by a noblewoman who married into the Kamo family."]
[6017,"静岡県","浜名湖ガーデンツーリズム推進会議","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","可睡斎","かすいさい","Kasuisai","傾斜のある土地がゆりの栽培に適していると知り、隣接する寺院の可睡斎から丘陵地を借りました。","He rented sloping land from the adjacent Kasuisai Temple, as he found it worked well for lily cultivation, and mountains were literally moved in order to shape the land into its current form. "]
[6018,"静岡県","浜名湖ガーデンツーリズム推進会議","山岳","本宮山","ほんぐうさん","Mt. Hongu","小國神社の気品のある木造の神社建築は、本宮山のふもとの深い杉林の中にあります。","The elegant wooden shrine buildings are set in a dense cypress forest nestled at the base of Mt. Hongu."]
[6019,"滋賀県","湖信会　（滋賀県大津市　大津湖都十社寺）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","仁王","におう","Nio","堂々たる2階建ての木造の門は、伝統的な檜皮葺の穹窿構造の屋根をしており、1457年にまで遡る守護神たる2体の仁王像が安置されています。","The imposing two-story wooden gate has a traditional vaulted roof of hinoki cypress bark and features two Nio guardian statues that date back to 1457."]
[6020,"滋賀県","湖信会　（滋賀県大津市　大津湖都十社寺）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","金堂","こんどう","kondo","広大な木造の金堂は1599年に建てられたもので、国宝に指定されています。","The vast, wooden main hall (kondo) was built in 1599 and is designated a National Treasure."]
[6021,"滋賀県","湖信会　（滋賀県大津市　大津湖都十社寺）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","多宝塔","たほうとう","tahoto","この聖なる岩の最高の眺めとなるのは、二重の塔（多宝塔）へと至る階段を上っていって、上から眺めた時です。","The best view of the sacred rocks is from above, from the staircase leading to the two-story pagoda (tahoto)."]
[6022,"滋賀県","湖信会　（滋賀県大津市　大津湖都十社寺）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","一之宮","いちのみや","ichinomiya","滋賀県の一之宮（第一位の神社）に指定されており、少なくとも平安時代（794～1185）以降この特別な地位を保っています。","It is designated the prefecture’s ichinomiya (chief shrine), a special status it has held since at least the Heian period (794–1185)."]
[6023,"滋賀県","湖信会　（滋賀県大津市　大津湖都十社寺）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","手水舎","ちょうづか","chozuya","入り口近くには、神社に入る前に手と口を清めるための水鉢である、手水舎があります。","Near the entrance is a chozuya, a water basin for purifying one’s hands and mouth before entering the shrine."]
[6024,"滋賀県","湖信会　（滋賀県大津市　大津湖都十社寺）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","不断念仏","ふだんねんぶつ","fudan nenbutsu","真盛は、この寺を不断念仏を唱える場所にしました。不断念仏では、阿弥陀仏の名前を継続的に唱えます。","Shinsei made Saikyoji a place to practice fudan nenbutsu, which is the continuous recitation of the words namu amida butsu (the name of the Amida Buddha)."]
[6025,"滋賀県","湖信会　（滋賀県大津市　大津湖都十社寺）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","南無阿弥陀仏","なむあみだぶつ","namu amida butsu ","真盛は、この寺を不断念仏を唱える場所にしました。不断念仏では、阿弥陀仏の名前を継続的に唱えます。","Shinsei made Saikyoji a place to practice fudan nenbutsu, which is the continuous recitation of the words namu amida butsu (the name of the Amida Buddha)."]
[6026,"滋賀県","湖信会　（滋賀県大津市　大津湖都十社寺）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","客殿","きゃくでん","kyakuden","本堂の横には大きな客殿があり、これは京都の伏見城から移されたもので、重要文化財に指定されています。","Beside the main hall is the large guest hall (kyakuden), which was moved from Fushimi Castle in Kyoto and is designated an Important Cultural Property."]
[6027,"滋賀県","湖信会　（滋賀県大津市　大津湖都十社寺）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","楼門","ろうもん","romon","これらの社殿の正面には、鮮やかな朱色の門（楼門）がそびえ立っており、周囲の森に密集して生える木々の緑とコントラストをなしています。","In front of this structure is a towering, bright red gate (romon) that stands out amid the dense greenery of the surrounding forest."]
[6028,"滋賀県","湖信会　（滋賀県大津市　大津湖都十社寺）","史跡","漏刻","ろうこく","rokoku","天智天皇は、日本に時間を計るシステムを打ち立てて、中国から伝えられた技術を基に日本初の漏刻水時計を作られたことで有名です。","Emperor Tenji is famous for having started the system of timekeeping in Japan and building the country’s first water clock (rokoku) based on techniques introduced from China."]
[6029,"滋賀県","湖信会　（滋賀県大津市　大津湖都十社寺）","芸能・興行・イベント","和歌","わか","waka","また天智天皇は、和歌とも関連が深い存在です。","Emperor Tenji is also closely associated with waka poetry."]
[6030,"滋賀県","湖信会　（滋賀県大津市　大津湖都十社寺）","芸能・興行・イベント","かるた","かるた","karuta","百人一首の和歌は、かるたという人気のカードゲームにも使われます。上の句が朗読されると、下の句が書かれたカードを競って探すというゲームです。","The poems are the basis for a popular card game called karuta, in which players compete to find cards with the last part of a poem as the first part of it is read aloud."]
[6031,"滋賀県","湖信会　（滋賀県大津市　大津湖都十社寺）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","おみくじ","おみくじ","omikuji","彼は、延暦寺の復興に身を捧げた人物で、また今日では日本の多くの神社や寺で人気を集めるおみくじの元祖であるとも言われています。","He devoted himself to the revitalization of Enryakuji and is said to be the originator of omikuji, the fortune slips now popular at many shrines and temples in Japan."]
[6032,"滋賀県","湖信会　（滋賀県大津市　大津湖都十社寺）","建造物等","擬宝珠","ぎぼし","giboshi","橋の手すりにある緑色の玉ねぎ型の装飾は「擬宝珠」と呼ばれ、朝鮮や中国の伝統的な橋のデザインに基づいています。","The green, onion-shaped ornaments on the bridge railings are called giboshi and are based on traditional bridge designs from Korea and China."]
[6033,"滋賀県","湖信会　（滋賀県大津市　大津湖都十社寺）","その他","唐","から","kara","この様式の起源は、橋の名前にも反映されています。「kara（唐）」とは中国や朝鮮を意味し、「hashi」とは橋を意味します。","The origin of the style is reflected in the bridge’s name: kara means China or Korea and hashi means bridge."]
[6034,"滋賀県","湖信会　（滋賀県大津市　大津湖都十社寺）","建造物等","橋","はし","hashi","この様式の起源は、橋の名前にも反映されています。「kara（唐）」とは中国や朝鮮を意味し、「hashi」とは橋を意味します。","The origin of the style is reflected in the bridge’s name: kara means China or Korea and hashi means bridge."]
[6035,"滋賀県","湖信会　（滋賀県大津市　大津湖都十社寺）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","里坊","さとぼう","satobo","坂本町にある竹林院は、元々は、歳を取った僧侶たちが住み込みで簡単な仕事を行う小規模の寺院「里坊」でした。","Chikurinin Temple in the town of Sakamoto is a former satobo, a small temple where older Buddhist monks live and work, performing light duties."]
[6036,"滋賀県","湖信会　（滋賀県大津市　大津湖都十社寺）","工芸・美術品","琵琶","びわ","biwa","両方の山からは琵琶湖が一望でき、琵琶（日本のリュート）の形をした特徴的な湖面を見ることができます。","Both mountains afford panoramic views of Lake Biwa, showing the distinctive shape of the lake, which resembles a biwa (Japanese lute)."]
[6037,"滋賀県","湖信会　（滋賀県大津市　大津湖都十社寺）","工芸・美術品","大津絵","おおつえ","otsu-e","大津市歴史博物館には、江戸時代（1603～1867年）に大津で発展した民俗絵画である「大津絵」が展示されており、市内最大級の豊富なセレクションとなっています。","The Otsu Museum of History is home to one of the city’s largest selections of otsu-e, a local style of folk paintings that developed in Otsu during the Edo period (1603–1867)."]
[6038,"滋賀県","湖信会　（滋賀県大津市　大津湖都十社寺）","食","鮒寿司","ふなずし","funazushi","鮒寿司は、平安時代（794〜1185年）から近江国（現在の滋賀県）で食されてきた伝統的な魚料理です。","Funazushi is a traditional fish dish that has been served in Omi Province (present-day Shiga Prefecture) since the Heian period (794–1185)."]
[6039,"滋賀県","湖信会　（滋賀県大津市　大津湖都十社寺）","食","なれずし","なれずし","narezushi","なれずし（発酵させた魚）の一種で、最も古い寿司の形態です。","It is a type of narezushi, fermented fish, which is the oldest form of sushi."]
[6040,"滋賀県","湖信会　（滋賀県大津市　大津湖都十社寺）","食","しじみ飯","しじみめし","Shijimi meshi\n","しじみ飯は大津の名物料理です。","Shijimi meshi is a local specialty in Otsu. "]
[6041,"滋賀県","湖信会　（滋賀県大津市　大津湖都十社寺）","食","釜","かま","kama","「釜」と呼ばれる伝統的な小さな鉄製の鍋で、すべての食材を調理して提供されます。","The ingredients are all cooked and served together in a small traditional iron pot called a kama. "]
[6042,"滋賀県","湖信会　（滋賀県大津市　大津湖都十社寺）","食","定食","ていしょく","teishoku","しじみ飯は、豆腐や漬物、その他の魚介類と一緒に定食の一品として提供されることが多いです。","Shijimi meshi is often served as part of a teishoku (set meal) with tofu, pickles, and other seafood."]
[6043,"滋賀県","湖信会　（滋賀県大津市　大津湖都十社寺）","建造物等","町家","まちや","machiya","商店街には、昔ながらの木造の町家が立ち並び、蕎麦などの特産品を売る店があります。","The shopping street is filled with traditional wooden townhouses (machiya) and restaurants selling local specialties, one of which is soba (buckwheat) noodles."]
[6044,"滋賀県","湖信会　（滋賀県大津市　大津湖都十社寺）","食","落雁","らくがん","rakugan","「落雁」は、搾り砂糖を様々な形に成形した伝統的な和菓子の一種です。","Rakugan is a type of traditional Japanese confectionery made of pressed sugar molded into different shapes."]
[6045,"滋賀県","湖信会　（滋賀県大津市　大津湖都十社寺）","工芸・美術品","浮世絵","うきよえ","ukiyo-e","大津絵の人気が高まるにつれ、絵柄もカラフルになり、生産を速めるために江戸の浮世絵のような木版画の技法が採用されるようになりました。","As otsu-e became more popular, they also became more colorful, and woodblock printing techniques, like those used in Edo’s ukiyo-e, were employed to speed up production."]
[6046,"滋賀県","湖信会　（滋賀県大津市　大津湖都十社寺）","動物","ヒメマス","ひめます","Himemasu salmon","私たちヒメマスは、世界のさまざまな地域で「コカニーサーモン」と呼ばれる陸封型のサケの一種です。","We himemasu salmon are a species of landlocked salmon called kokanee salmon in some parts of the world.","「Kokanee salmon」はカナダ呼称である可能性があり（環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所より）アメリカ英語のスタンダードな表現を調査し「Himemasu salmon」としましたが、地域によっては「Kokanee salmon」と表現している場合もあります。"]
[6047,"滋賀県","湖信会　（滋賀県大津市　大津湖都十社寺）","芸能・興行・イベント","曳山","ひきやま","hikiyama","曳山とは山車のことで、京都の祇園祭で用いられる背の高い山鉾と同じ様式です。","The floats are the wheeled hikiyama, the same style as the towering vehicles featured in Kyoto’s Gion Festival."]
[6048,"滋賀県","湖信会　（滋賀県大津市　大津湖都十社寺）","建造物等","バッタリ床几","ばったりしょうぎ","battari shogi","主要な商店街には古い木造の店が並んでおり、各店舗の軒先には「バッタリ床几」と呼ばれる伝統的な折りたたみ式木製ベンチが置かれています。","The main shopping street is filled with old timber storefronts with traditional battari shogi folding wooden benches out the front."]
[6049,"滋賀県","湖信会　（滋賀県大津市　大津湖都十社寺）","その他","湖族","こぞく","kozoku","堅田の住民は、湖の民を意味する「湖族」と呼ばれ、琵琶湖の船の往来を管理していました。","Its residents were called kozoku, meaning lake people, and they controlled the movement of ships on the lake."]
[6050,"滋賀県","湖信会　（滋賀県大津市　大津湖都十社寺）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","晩鐘","ばんしょう","bansho","三井寺には多くの重要文化財がありますが、晩鐘（ばんしょう）はその一つです。","Among the many designated Important Cultural Properties at the temple is the bansho (evening temple bell)."]
[6051,"滋賀県","湖信会　（滋賀県大津市　大津湖都十社寺）","自然現象","おろし","おろし","oroshi","比良山系から、3月に琵琶湖に吹き下ろす強風は「比良おろし」として知られ、この時期の難破船の原因ともなることで良く知られています。","The mountains are known as the source of the Hira oroshi, a powerful mountain wind that blows down onto Lake Biwa in March and became infamous for causing shipwrecks."]
[6052,"滋賀県","湖信会　（滋賀県大津市　大津湖都十社寺）","集落・街","五街道","ごかいどう","gokaido","東海道は、江戸と日本各地を結ぶ五つの公式に認められた五街道のひとつでした。","The Tokaido was one of the gokaido, five official routes connecting Edo to other parts of Japan."]
[6053,"滋賀県","湖信会　（滋賀県大津市　大津湖都十社寺）","集落・街","宿場","しゅくば","shukuba","徳川幕府は五街道を整備し、それに沿って宿場を設け、役人や旅人が旅の途中で休む場所を確保しました。","The Tokugawa shogunate developed the five roads and established post towns (shukuba) along them to ensure government officials and travelers had places to rest during their journeys."]
[6054,"京都府","西陣地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","その他","陰陽道","おんみょうどう","Onmyoudo","そのような考えは、伝統的な陰陽論的宇宙観（陰陽道）に根ざしていました。陰陽道は、道教思想に基づく神秘的な占術体系であり、当時の日本の政治や軍事における意思決定に大きな影響を与えていました。","Such beliefs were rooted in traditional yin–yang cosmology (onmyodo in Japanese), an occult divination system based on Taoist thought and which held great sway over political and military decision-making in Japan at the time."]
[6055,"京都府","西陣地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","えんま","えんま","Enma ","仏教の世界観では、閻魔という神が冥界を支配し、死者の魂をさばいています。","In Buddhist cosmology, the underworld is ruled by a deity known as Enma, who passes judgment on the souls of the dead. "]
[6056,"京都府","西陣地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","その他","釘抜","くぎぬき","Kuginuki","石像寺は釘抜地蔵という愛称でも知られています。本堂が釘抜と長い釘を取り付けた絵馬で覆われているからです。","Shakuzoji Temple is also known by its nickname Kuginuki (“nail puller”) Jizo because its main hall is covered in planks mounted with pliers and long nails. "]
[6057,"京都府","西陣地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","けまり","けまり","kemari","飛鳥井家は古代のサッカーのような蹴鞠が卓越して上手だったことで有名だったので、飛鳥井家の氏神は球技の神と考えられ、白峰神宮で祀られた3柱の神の1柱となっています。","As the Asukai were famous for excelling in kemari, an ancient game of football, the family’s guardian deity, one of the three deities honored at Shiramine, is considered the god of ball games."]
[6058,"京都府","西陣地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","集落・街","西新","にしじん","Nishijin ","現在西陣と呼ばれる地区での織物生産は、少なくとも平安時代（794–1185）まで遡ります。16世紀からは、西陣という地名は高品質の織物作りの職人芸の代名詞的存在になっています。","Textiles have been produced in the area now known as Nishijin since at least the Heian period (794–1185), and the name Nishijin has been synonymous with high-quality textile craftsmanship since the sixteenth century."]
[6059,"京都府","西陣地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","植物","御衣黄桜","ぎょいこう","gyoiko-zakura","雨宝院の桜の木には、御衣黄桜という蕾が緑の珍しい桜があります。この品種は江戸時代（1603–1867）に鑑賞目的で京都で開発されたものと考えられています。","Among the trees at Uhoin is a rare type of cherry with green buds called gyoiko-zakura, which is thought to have been developed in Kyoto for ornamental purposes during the Edo period (1603–1867)."]
[6060,"京都府","西陣地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","工芸・美術品","西陣織","にしじんおり","Nishijin-ori","西陣地区は、西陣織として知られる伝統的な織物の発祥の地です。","The Nishijin neighborhood is the birthplace of a type of traditional textile known as Nishijin-ori (Nishijin weave). "]
[6061,"京都府","西陣地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","集落・街","千両ヶ辻","せんりょうがつじ","Senryogatsuji","西陣織地区の中央、今日の今出川通りと大宮通りの交差点は、かつては千両ヶ辻（両とは1868年までの日本の金貨）と呼ばれていました。この名前は、1日にこれらの通りで売られた絹の総額を意味し、当時にしては大金でした。","The center of the Nishijin textile district, at the intersection of modern-day Imadegawa and Omiya streets, was traditionally called Senryogatsuji (“thousand-ryo crossing”; ryo was a unit of gold currency in pre-1868 Japan). "]
[6062,"京都府","西陣地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","茶道","ちゃどう","chado","茶道とは、茶道家の千利休（1522–1591）が精神と美両方の修行として完成させた「茶の道」です。","Chado is “the way of tea” perfected by the tea master Sen no Rikyu (1522–1591) as both a spiritual and aesthetic practice."]
[6063,"京都府","西陣地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","その他","侘","わび","wabi","広く信じられている話によると、1500年代の後半のいずれかの時点で、茶道家の千利休（1522–1591）は長次郎という陶芸家（1589年沒）に、簡素なものや不完全なものに美を見出すという利休の侘の美学に沿った茶碗を、公の茶会で使うために作るよう依頼したとのことです。","According to popular belief, sometime in the latter half of the 1500s, the tea master Sen no Rikyu (1522–1591) asked a ceramicist named Chojiro (d. 1589) to craft, for use in a formal tea gathering, a tea bowl in line with Rikyu’s wabi aesthetic of finding beauty in simplicity and imperfection."]
[6064,"京都府","西陣地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","食","京菓子","きょうがし","kyogashi","京菓子は京都特有の伝統的な菓子一種です。それらのお菓子は、泡立てられた抹茶と一緒に振る舞われることが意図されています。お菓子が個別の感覚を魅了する一方で、抹茶の苦味とのバランスを取ると考えられているためです。","Kyogashi are a type of traditional sweet specific to Kyoto. These confections are intended to be served alongside whisked matcha tea, as they are thought to balance its bitterness while engaging each of the senses."]
[6065,"京都府","西陣地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","食","精進料理","しょうじんりょうり","shojin ryori","精進料理として知られる仏教料理の主なタンパク源は豆腐です。","The main source of protein in the Buddhist cuisine known as shojin ryori is tofu. "]
[6066,"京都府","西陣地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","芸妓","げいこ","geiko","上七軒は京都で最も古い芸妓（京都の芸者のこと）地区です。","Kamishichiken is the oldest geiko (as geisha are known in Kyoto) district in the city."]
[6067,"京都府","西陣地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","社会","応仁の乱","おうにんのらん","Onin War","細川勝元（1430～1473年）は将軍に次ぐ役職を務めた位の高い侍で、京都の大部分を荒廃させた内戦「応仁の乱」（1467～1477年）の勃発において果たした役割で名を残しています。","Hosokawa Katsumoto (1430–1473) was a high-ranking samurai and deputy to the shogun who is remembered mainly for his role in the outbreak of the Onin War (1467–1477), a civil war that laid waste to most of Kyoto."]
[6068,"京都府","西陣地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","襖","ふすま","fusuma ","庭に面している書院の建物のふすまには、植物や動物など自然をテーマにした絵が描かれています。","The fusuma sliding panels in the Shoin building facing the garden feature paintings of plants, animals, and other nature themes. "]
[6069,"京都府","西陣地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","日蓮","にちれん","Nichiren","周辺にある他のいくつかの日蓮仏教の寺と同様に、妙覚寺は武将の豊臣秀吉（1537～1598年）が日本を支配していた1500年代後半にこの場所へ移転されました。","Like the several other Nichiren Buddhist temples in its vicinity, Myokakuji was relocated to this site in the late 1500s, when the warlord Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1537–1598) ruled Japan. "]
[6070,"京都府","西陣地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","庭園・公園","水琴窟","すいきんくつ","suikinkutsu","庭に降りる踏み石そばにある円形状のものは水琴窟といい、土でできた逆さまの陶器の甕の中を通って小さな水たまりに水滴が落ち、感覚を落ち着かせるという優しい水の音を響かせます。","The round element by the veranda is a suikinkutsu—an upside-down clay pot through which water drips into a small pool, producing a gentle splashing sound said to relax the senses."]
[6071,"京都府","西陣地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","工芸・美術品","狩野派","かのうは","Kano school","正信・元信親子はともに狩野派を立ち上げ、狩野派は支配階級から高い評価を受けて、19世紀まで日本芸術界において権勢を振るようになりました。","Together they established the Kano school of painting, which was held in high regard by the ruling class and came to dominate the Japanese art world until the nineteenth century."]
[6072,"京都府","西陣地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","工芸・美術品","鳴虎","なきとら","Nakitora","その最も貴重な所蔵品は、中国で宋王朝（960～1279年）時に描かれたとされる「鳴虎」の絵です。","Its most prized possession is Nakitora, a painting of a roaring tiger thought to have been painted in China during the Song dynasty (960–1279)."]
[6073,"京都府","西陣地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","臨済禅","りんざいぜん","Rinzai Zen","大聖寺は朝廷とのゆかりで知られる臨済宗の尼僧院です。","Daishoji Temple is a Rinzai Zen convent noted for its association with the imperial court. "]
[6074,"京都府","西陣地域多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","数寄屋造り","すきやずくり","sukiya-zukuri","庭園に囲まれたこの19世紀の建物は、江戸時代（1603〜1867年）に武士の支配階級が好んだ、簡素でありながら洗練された数寄屋造りの建築様式となっています。","Surrounded by a garden, the nineteenth-century building is in the simple yet sophisticated sukiya-zukuri architectural style that was favored by the ruling warrior class during the Edo period (1603–1867)."]
[6075,"京都府","京都市西京区役所","建造物等","土木工事","どぼくこうじ","construction projects","了以はその生涯の最後に、新たに再建された千光寺に隠居し、土木工事で命を落とした人々を祀った。","At the end of his life, Ryōi retired to the newly rebuilt Senkōji Temple, which he dedicated to those who had lost their lives working on his construction projects."]
[6076,"京都府","京都市西京区役所","その他","特定宗教とは無関係","とくていしゅうきょうとはむかんけい","nonsectarian","現在ではこの寺は特定宗教とは無関係となり、住職の説法も各種禅宗の宗派の考えを取り入れている。","Today, the Buddhist temple is considered nonsectarian, and the lectures given by its head abbot incorporate multiple Zen traditions."]
[6077,"京都府","京都市西京区役所","建造物等","（川などの）開削","かいさく","dredging","しかしながら、１６０６年に開削で川が広げられるまでは船の運行は不可能だった。","The dredging was spearheaded by the merchant Suminokura Ryōi (1554–1614), who had amassed a great deal of wealth through trade with neighboring countries, including what is now Vietnam.","※水域用"]
[6078,"京都府","京都市西京区役所","その他","竿","さお"," long bamboo pole","櫂ひき、または漕ぎ手は船の前方に座り、竿さしは竹の長い竿（さお）を持って船首に立ち、岩を押して船を守り、そして舵もちは船の後ろで舵（かじ）を操り正しい航路とる役割がある。","The kaihiki, or rower, sits toward the front of the boat; the saosashi stands at the bow with a long bamboo pole (sao) to push the boat away from rocks; and the kajimochi is positioned at the back of the boat, where he can control the rudder (kaji) and make course corrections."]
[6079,"京都府","京都市西京区役所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","本尊","ほんぞん","primary image","この出来事から道昌は虚空蔵の像を彫り上げたといわれ、寺の本尊として祀っている。","Inspired by this, Dōshō carved a statue of Kokūzō and enshrined it as the primary image of the temple."]
[6080,"京都府","京都市西京区役所","年中行事","干支","えと","cycle of the Chinese zodiac","この時代、子供は１３年で一回りする干支が一周すると大人になると考えられていた。","At the time, a child was considered an adult once they had experienced one full 13-year cycle of the Chinese zodiac.","※「Chinese zodiac cycle」も大丈夫です。"]
[6081,"京都府","京都市西京区役所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","華厳経","けごんきょう","the Flower Garland Sutra","鳳潭上人が１７００年代はじめに江戸へ華厳宗の講教のため向かった際には、華厳宗の主な教義である華厳経を他の宗派の僧侶と議論したと言われている。","Hōtan eventually traveled to Edo in the early 1700s to deliver a lecture on the Flower Garland Sutra, a principal text of the Kegon sect, and to debate monks from other sects. ","※「the」を省略しないでください。"]
[6082,"京都府","京都市西京区役所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","宝珠","ほうじゅ","wish-granting jewel","典型的な地蔵は裸足の僧侶で右手には錫杖を、左手には宝珠を持っている。","Jizō is typically depicted as a barefoot monk carrying a staff in his right hand and a wish-granting jewel in his left hand."]
[6083,"京都府","京都市西京区役所","その他","遺命","いめい","dying wish","二代将軍義詮の遺命によって１３６７年に頼之は管領となり、当時１０歳だった三代将軍の後見人となった。","Following the dying wish of the second shogun, Yoshiakira, in 1367 Yoriyuki assumed the role of deputy shogun (kanrei) and advisor to the third shogun, who was then just 10 years old."]
[6084,"京都府","京都市西京区役所","庭園・公園","十六羅漢の庭","じゅうろくらかんのにわ","Garden of the Sixteen Arhats","部屋の前には十六羅漢の庭と呼ばれる枯山水の庭がある。","The residence opens onto a Zen garden called the Garden of the Sixteen Arhats."]
[6085,"京都府","京都市西京区役所","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","梵唄","ぼんばい","singing chants\n","禅の他の宗派と違い、梵唄と呼ばれるお経には引磬(小さなお鋺型の鉦)や大きな太鼓も使われる。","Unlike in other sects within the Zen tradition, these singing chants (called bonbai) are accompanied by instruments like the inkin (a small bowl-shaped bell) and large drums."]
[6086,"京都府","京都市西京区役所","建造物等","鶯張り","うぐいすばり","nightingale floors","もともとは伊達家の住居であった建物で、刺客の気配を廊下の軋みにより察知する鶯張り（鶯張り）や、いざという時に逃げ道となる穴が床の間に隠されていた。","It has uguisu-bari (“nightingale floors”) in the hallways that squeak to give away the presence of possible assassins and a hole in the wall of the tokonoma alcove that the daimyo could use to make a quick escape."]
[6087,"京都府","京都市西京区役所","人物・人名・役職名","霊長類学者","れいちょうるいがくしゃ","primatologists","京都大学の霊長類学者たちは1954年からサルの研究を始め、1957年には施設の開設に協力した。","Kyoto University’s primatologists began studying the monkeys in 1954, and they helped to open the facility in 1957."]
[6088,"京都府","京都市西京区役所","その他","母方の血統","ははかたのけっとう","matriarchal lineage","この方法のおかげで、パーク職員はそれぞれの猿を母方の血統で簡単にたどることができる。","Using this system, park staff can easily identify the matriarchal lineage of each monkey."]
[6089,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","石清水八幡宮","いわしみずはちまんぐう","Iwashimizu Hachimangu Shrine","石清水八幡宮は1200年近くの歴史を持っており、長い間、日本で最も重要な神社のひとつに位置付けられています。","The history of Iwashimizu Hachimangu Shrine spans nearly 1,200 years, and it has long been ranked among the most important Shinto shrines in Japan."]
[6090,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","遷座","せんざ","ceremonial transfer","その起源は、八幡神が九州の宇佐神宮から男山に遷座された859年まで遡ります。","Its origin dates back to 859, when the deity Hachiman was ceremonially transferred from Usa Jingu Shrine in Kyushu to Mt. Otokoyama. "]
[6091,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","宇佐神宮","うさじんぐう","Usa Jingu Shrine","その起源は、八幡神が九州の宇佐神宮から男山に遷座された859年まで遡ります。","Its origin dates back to 859, when the deity Hachiman was ceremonially transferred from Usa Jingu Shrine in Kyushu to Mt. Otokoyama. "]
[6092,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","山岳","男山","おとこやま","Mt. Otokoyama","その起源は、八幡神が九州の宇佐神宮から男山に遷座された859年まで遡ります。","Its origin dates back to 859, when the deity Hachiman was ceremonially transferred from Usa Jingu Shrine in Kyushu to Mt. Otokoyama. "]
[6093,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","末社","まっしゃ","subsidiary shrine","貴族も庶民も同様に、何世紀にもわたってここへ参拝したので、石清水八幡宮は大きな本社、末社、多数の寺院を備え、最終的に山全体へと広がり、そして山のふもとには町が栄えました。","Over the centuries, nobles and commoners alike made pilgrimages here, and eventually Iwashimizu Hachimangu grew to cover the entire mountain, with a large main shrine, subsidiary shrines, numerous temples, and a thriving town at the base of the mountain."]
[6094,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","守護伸","しゅごしん","guardian","八幡神は、京都と皇室の守護伸として信仰されてきたため、人々は石清水八幡宮へ厄除けを祈願しに訪れ、それは今日まで続く習慣となっています。","Because Hachiman was worshipped as a guardian of Kyoto and the imperial family, people would come here to pray for protection against misfortune, a tradition that continues to this day.","※「guardian deity」も可能。"]
[6095,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","厄除け","やくよけ","protection against misfortune","八幡神は、京都と皇室の守護者として信仰されてきたため、人々は石清水八幡宮へ厄除けを祈願しに訪れ、それは今日まで続く習慣となっています。","Because Hachiman was worshipped as a guardian of Kyoto and the imperial family, people would come here to pray for protection against misfortune, a tradition that continues to this day."]
[6096,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神仏分離","しんぶつぶんり","government-ordered separation of Shinto and Buddhism","この神仏習合は、政府が1868年に神仏分離令を出すまで、1000年以上続きました。","This mixture of Shinto and Buddhist practice lasted more than a thousand years until the government ordered the separation of these religions in 1868."]
[6097,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","八幡信仰","はちまんしんこう","Hachiman worship","八幡神への信仰は特に篤かったため、石清水八幡宮は、神仏習合の発展と八幡信仰を全国に広める上で大きな影響を及ぼしました。","Since faith in Hachiman was particularly strong, Iwashimizu Hachimangu played a big part in the development of syncretism and the spread of Hachiman worship across the country."]
[6098,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","本殿","ほんでん","main sanctuary","2016年には、本殿を含むいくつかの建造物が国宝に指定されました。","In 2016, several of its structures, including the main sanctuary, were designated National Treasures."]
[6099,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","行教","ぎょうきょう","Gyokyo","僧侶である行教が859年に石清水八幡宮を創建しました。","The monk Gyokyo founded Iwashimizu Hachimangu in 859. "]
[6100,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","その他","複合体","ふくごうたい","shrine-temple complex","何世紀にもわたって、石清水八幡宮は、神道と仏教の両方の宗教的要素を組み合わせた複合体でした。","For many centuries, Iwashimizu Hachimangu was a shrine-temple complex that combined both Shinto and Buddhist religious elements. ","※かつて神仏習合を行っていた神社仏閣について、過去の神仏習合の時代の状態を示す表記。"]
[6101,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","八幡造り","はちまんづくり","hachiman-zukuri","男山山頂にある豪華な装飾が施された本社は17世紀に建てられたもので、八幡造り建築の数少ない現存例の1つです。","The richly decorated main shrine on top of Mt. Otokoyama dates back to the seventeenth century and is one of the few remaining examples of the hachiman-zukuri style of architecture. ","※「hachiman-zukuri」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[6102,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","鳥居","とりい","torii","神社の境内には、多数の小さな神社、鳥居、灯籠が並ぶ小道、竹林、神聖な井戸、山中に点在する史跡もあります。","The grounds also contain numerous smaller shrines, torii gates, lantern-lined paths, bamboo groves, a sacred well, and historical remains scattered across the mountain."]
[6103,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神泉","しんせん","sacred well","神社の境内には、多数の小さな神社、鳥居、灯籠が並ぶ小道、竹林、神泉、山中に点在する史跡もあります。","The grounds also contain numerous smaller shrines, torii gates, lantern-lined paths, bamboo groves, a sacred well, and historical remains scattered across the mountain."]
[6104,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","史跡","史跡","しせき","historical remains","神社の境内には、多数の小さな神社、鳥居、灯籠が並ぶ小道、竹林、神泉、山中に点在する史跡もあります。","The grounds also contain numerous smaller shrines, torii gates, lantern-lined paths, bamboo groves, a sacred well, and historical remains scattered across the mountain."]
[6105,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","八幡神","はちまんしん","Hachiman","石清水八幡宮は、日本と皇室の守護神である八幡神を祀っています。","Iwashimizu Hachimangu enshrines Hachiman, protector of Japan and the imperial family. "]
[6106,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","八幡大神","はちまんおおかみ","Hachiman Okami","19世紀に政府の命により二つの宗教が分離され、それ以来、石清水八幡宮では八幡神を神道の神である八幡大神として祀ってきました。","The two religions were separated by government decree in the nineteenth century, and Iwashimizu Hachimangu has been worshipping Hachiman as the Shinto deity Hachiman Okami since then."]
[6107,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","応神天皇","おうじんてんのう","Emperor Ojin","八幡神は、日本の伝説的な15代天皇である応神天皇の神格化された形態であり、その母である神功皇后と、海に関連する3人の女神である比咩大神とともに一つの存在として信仰されています。","Hachiman is the deified form of Emperor Ojin, the legendary 15th emperor of Japan, and is worshipped as one entity with his mother, Empress Jingu, and Hime Okami, a trio of goddesses associated with the sea."]
[6108,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","神功皇后","じんぐうこうごう","Empress Jingu","八幡神は、日本の伝説的な15代天皇である応神天皇の神格化された形態であり、その母である神功皇后と、海に関連する3人の女神である比咩大神とともに一つの存在として信仰されています。","Hachiman is the deified form of Emperor Ojin, the legendary 15th emperor of Japan, and is worshipped as one entity with his mother, Empress Jingu, and Hime Okami, a trio of goddesses associated with the sea."]
[6109,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","比咩大神","ひめおおかみ","Hime Okami","八幡神は、日本の伝説的な15代天皇である応神天皇の神格化された形態であり、その母である神功皇后と、海に関連する3人の女神である比咩大神とともに一つの存在として信仰されています。","Hachiman is the deified form of Emperor Ojin, the legendary 15th emperor of Japan, and is worshipped as one entity with his mother, Empress Jingu, and Hime Okami, a trio of goddesses associated with the sea."]
[6110,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","上皇","じょうこう","retired emperor","八幡神は皇室の神聖な祖先であると考えられており、天皇と上皇の両方が彼を崇拝し、何世紀にもわたって石清水八幡宮に240回以上の壮大な巡礼を行いました。","Hachiman is considered a sacred ancestor of the imperial family and has been worshipped by both ruling and retired emperors, who have made more than 240 grand pilgrimages to Iwashimizu Hachimangu over the centuries."]
[6111,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","年中行事","石清水祭","いわしみずさい","Iwashimizu-sai","石清水八幡宮の最も重要な儀式は、9月15日に開催される石清水祭です。","The most important ritual at Iwashimizu Hachimangu is the Iwashimizu-sai, held on September 15th. "]
[6112,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","年中行事","勅祭","ちょくさい","chokusai","この儀式は、勅命により開催され、天皇の代理人が指定された神社でお供え物と祈りを捧げる勅祭として、長い歴史を持っています。","It has a long history as a chokusai, a ceremony held by imperial order to present offerings and prayers at designated shrines on behalf of the emperor. ","※「chokusai」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[6113,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神輿","みこし","portable shrine","この儀式の間、神々は3つの神輿に移され、男山のふもとに運ばれ、そこで天皇の使者が平和と国の保護のために祈祷を行います。","During this ritual, the deities are transferred to three portable shrines and carried down to the base of Mt. Otokoyama, where an imperial messenger conducts prayers for peace and protection of the nation."]
[6114,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","勅使","ちょくし","imperial messenger","この儀式の間、神々は3つの神輿に移され、男山のふもとに運ばれ、そこで天皇の使者が平和と国の保護のために祈祷を行います。","During this ritual, the deities are transferred to three portable shrines and carried down to the base of Mt. Otokoyama, where an imperial messenger conducts prayers for peace and protection of the nation."]
[6115,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","舞楽","ぶがく","court dance","一般の人が見られる祭礼としては、伝統的な音楽や舞楽を行うほか、囚われた鳥や魚を解放する儀式も含まれます。","Public festivities include traditional music and court dance performances, as well as a ceremonial release of captive birds and fish."]
[6116,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","黄金の雨樋","おうごんのあまどい","golden rain gutter","この2つの屋根の間には、著名な武将である織田信長（1534ー1582）が寄贈した黄金の雨樋があります。","Between the roofs is a golden rain gutter donated by the prominent warlord Oda Nobunaga (1534–1582)."]
[6117,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","本社","ほんしゃ","main shrine","石清水八幡宮の本社は、日本最大かつ最古の八幡造りの神社建築の例であり、本社にある多くの建造物が国宝に指定されています。","The main shrine of Iwashimizu Hachimangu is Japan’s largest and oldest example of the hachiman-zukuri style of shrine architecture, and many of its structures are designated National Treasures."]
[6118,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","楼門","ろうもん","romon","本社の正面を飾る精巧な2階建ての楼門は、参拝者が通常、祈りを捧げる所です。","The elaborate two-storied romon gate that comprises the front of the main shrine is where visitors usually pray.","※「romon」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[6119,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","回廊","かいろう","corridor","この門は、中の建物を囲む屋根付きの回廊へと延出しています。","Extending from the gate are covered corridors that enclose the buildings within."]
[6120,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","切妻屋根","きりづまやね","gabled roof","一見すると通路でつながった2つの別々の建物のように見えますが、2つの切妻屋根を持つ1つの建物です。","It looks like two separate buildings connected by a passageway, but is comprised of a single structure with two gabled roofs. "]
[6121,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","土塀","どべい","earthen wall","石清水八幡宮の摂社の中で最も重要な二つの摂社は、土塀の北東の角にある格子柵に囲まれた1組の木造神社である若宮社と若宮殿社です。","Two of the most important auxiliary shrines at Iwashimizu Hachimangu are Wakamiyasha and Wakamiyadensha, a pair of wooden shrines surrounded by a lattice fence in the northeast corner of the earthen walls. "]
[6122,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","摂社","せっしゃ","auxiliary shrine","石清水八幡宮の摂社の中で最も重要な二つの摂社は、本社の敷地の北東にある1組の木造神社である若宮社と若宮伝社です。","Two of the most important auxiliary shrines of Iwashimizu Hachimangu are Wakamiyasha and Wakamiyadensha, a pair of wooden shrines surrounded by a lattice fence in the northeast corner of the main shrine area. "]
[6123,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","若宮社","わかみやしゃ","Wakamiyasha","石清水八幡宮の摂社の中で最も重要な二つの摂社は、本社の敷地の北東にある1組の木造神社である若宮社と若宮伝社です。","Two of the most important auxiliary shrines of Iwashimizu Hachimangu are Wakamiyasha and Wakamiyadensha, a pair of wooden shrines surrounded by a lattice fence in the northeast corner of the main shrine area. "]
[6124,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","若宮殿社","わかみやでんしゃ","Wakamiyadensha","石清水八幡宮の摂社の中で最も重要な二つの摂社は、本社の敷地の北東にある1組の木造神社である若宮社と若宮伝社です。","Two of the most important auxiliary shrines of Iwashimizu Hachimangu are Wakamiyasha and Wakamiyadensha, a pair of wooden shrines surrounded by a lattice fence in the northeast corner of the main shrine area. "]
[6125,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","清めの衣","きよめのころも","kiyome no koromo",null,"People who take part in rituals at the main shrine receive symbolic prayer garments called kiyome no koromo (“garment of purification”). ","※「kiyome no koromo」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[6126,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","仁徳天皇","にんとくてんのう","Emperor Nintoku","男性は、本殿に祀られている応神天皇の息子である仁徳天皇を祀る若宮社へ参拝します。","Men pray at Wakamiyasha, which enshrines Emperor Nintoku, the son of Emperor Ojin deified in the main sanctuary. "]
[6127,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","石灯籠","いしどうろう","stone lantern","石清水八幡宮の境内には、さまざまなデザインの石灯籠が約450基あります。","The grounds of Iwashimizu Hachimangu Shrine contain approximately 450 stone lanterns of varying designs. "]
[6128,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","永仁の石灯籠","えいにんのいしどうろう","Einin Stone Lantern","石清水八幡宮で最も古い灯籠は、国指定重要文化財に指定されている永仁の石灯籠です。","The oldest lantern at Iwashimizu Hachimangu is the Einin Stone Lantern, a nationally designated Important Cultural Property. "]
[6129,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","庭園・公園","石庭","せきてい","rock garden","灯籠は現在、神社の管理棟の隣にある石庭の一部となっています。","The lantern is now part of the rock garden next to the shrine’s administrative building."]
[6130,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","庭園・公園","枯山水庭園","かれさんすいていえん","dry landscape garden","この伝統的な枯山水庭園は、1952年に有名な作庭家の重森三玲（1896～1975）によって作られました。","The traditional dry landscape garden was created in 1952 by the famous landscape architect Shigemori Mirei (1896–1975). "]
[6131,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","重森美鈴","しげもりみれい","Shigemori Mirei","この伝統的な枯山水庭園は、1952年に有名な作庭家の重森三玲（1896～1975）によって作られました。","The traditional dry landscape garden was created in 1952 by the famous landscape architect Shigemori Mirei (1896–1975). "]
[6132,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","石塔","せきとう","stone pagoda","五輪塔と呼ばれる大きな5段の石塔が、石清水八幡宮からそう遠くない男山山麓に建っています。","A large, five-tier stone pagoda called a gorinto stands at the foot of Mt. Otokoyama not far from Iwashimizu Hachimangu Shrine. "]
[6133,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","五輪塔","ごりんとう","gorinto","五輪塔と呼ばれる大きな5段の石塔が、石清水八幡宮からそう遠くない男山山麓に建っています。","A large, five-tier stone pagoda called a gorinto stands at the foot of Mt. Otokoyama not far from Iwashimizu Hachimangu Shrine. ","※「gorinto」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[6134,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","宝珠","ほうじゅ","jewel shape","下から上に、立方体、球、ピラミッド、半球、そして宝珠の形となっており、それぞれ地、水、火、風、そして天空（または空）を表しています。","From bottom to top, the cube, sphere, pyramid, hemisphere, and jewel shape represent earth, water, fire, air, and ether (or void), respectively. "]
[6135,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","空","くう","ether (or void)","下から上に、立方体、球、ピラミッド、半球、そして宝石の形となっており、それぞれ地、水、火、風、そして天空（または空）を表しています。","From bottom to top, the cube, sphere, pyramid, hemisphere, and jewel shape represent earth, water, fire, air, and ether (or void), respectively. "]
[6136,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","記念塔","きねんとう","memorial tower","このような塔の中でより小さいサイズのものは、墓標や記念塔となっているものが多く、仏教寺院や墓地でよく見られます。","Smaller versions of these pagodas often serve as grave markers or memorial towers and are common in Buddhist temples and cemeteries."]
[6137,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","史跡","航海記念塔","こうかいきねんとう","Seafaring Monument","この話にもとづき、この塔はときどき航海記念塔とも呼ばれます。","Based on this story, the pagoda is also sometimes called the Seafaring Monument."]
[6138,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","史跡","石清水井","いわしみずい","Iwashimizu Well","石清水社・石清水井","Iwashimizusha Shrine and Iwashimizu Well"]
[6139,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","石清水社","いわしみずしゃ","Iwashimizusha Shrine","石清水社は石清水八幡宮の摂社であり、本社に通じる男山の東斜面の小道にあります。","Iwashimizusha Shrine is an auxiliary shrine of Iwashimizu Hachimangu Shrine, located on the eastern slope of Mt. Otokoyama along a path that leads to the main shrine. "]
[6140,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","天之御中主","あめのみなかぬし","Ame no Minakanushi","石清水社に祀られている神様は、人々の最も大切な願いを叶えてくれると言われている、天之御中主です。","The deity enshrined in Iwashimizusha is Ame no Minakanushi, who is said to help people fulfill their most earnest wishes."]
[6141,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","テーマ施設等","松花堂庭園・美術館","しょうかどうていえん・びじゅつかん","Shokado Garden and Art Museum","松花堂庭園・美術館","Shokado Garden and Art Museum"]
[6142,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","庭園・公園","松花堂庭園","しょうかどうていえん","Shokado Garden","松花堂庭園には、絵のように美しい景観、伝統的な茶室と茶道（茶の湯）に関連するその他の歴史的な建物、そして美術館があります。","The Shokado Garden features picturesque landscapes, traditional tea houses, other historic structures related to the culture of tea (chanoyu), and an art museum."]
[6143,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","茶室","ちゃしつ","tea house","松花堂庭園の面積は、22,000平方メートルを超え、絵のように美しい景観、伝統的な茶室と茶道（茶の湯）に関連する歴史的な建物、そして美術館があります。","The Shokado Garden covers over 22,000 square meters, featuring picturesque landscapes, traditional tea houses, other historic structures related to the culture of tea (chanoyu), and an art museum. "]
[6144,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","茶室","ちゃしつ","tea room","芸術家、公家や大名、そして皇族とのつながりが深かった昭乗は、瀧本坊の住職を辞した後も、この小さな建物の中の茶室で、人を集めることや茶会を開くことを続けました。","Well-connected with artists, members of the nobility, and the imperial family, Shojo continued to entertain and hold tea gatherings in the tea room of this small building after retiring as the chief abbot of Takimotobo Temple."]
[6145,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","茶の湯","ちゃのゆ","culture of tea (chanoyu)","松花堂庭園の面積は、22,000平方メートルを超え、絵のように美しい景観、伝統的な茶室と茶道（茶の湯）に関連する歴史的な建物、そして美術館があります。","The Shokado Garden covers over 22,000 square meters, featuring picturesque landscapes, traditional tea houses, other historic structures related to the culture of tea (chanoyu), and an art museum. ","※「chanoyu」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[6146,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","松花堂昭乗","しょうかどうしょうじょう","Shokado Shojo","この庭園の名前は、僧侶であり優れた茶師、そして芸術家であり、当時の三大書家の一人とみなされていた松花堂昭乗（1584～1639）に由来しています。","The garden is named after Shokado Shojo (1584–1639), a Buddhist monk, tea master, and artist, who was recognized as one of the top three calligraphers of his time."]
[6147,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","草庵","そうあん","thatched-roof hermitage","彼の草庵と彼の隠居寺の客殿は現在、昭乗の晩年の生活を想像させてくれる松花堂庭園の、内園に保存されています。","Shojo’s thatched-roof hermitage and the guest hall of his retirement temple are now preserved in the inner section of the Shokado Garden, allowing visitors to imagine how Shojo lived in his later years."]
[6148,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","庭園・公園","外園","がいえん","outer garden","茶室建築の進化のさまざまな段階を表す3つの伝統的な茶室の復元が外園に追加され、茶会や文化イベントの開催にも定期的に利用されています。","Re-creations of three historic tea houses representing different stages in the evolution of tea house architecture were added to the outer garden and are regularly used for tea gatherings and cultural events."]
[6149,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","庭園・公園","内園","ないえん","inner garden","緑豊かな内園には、古代の古墳が組み込まれており、国の名勝に指定されています。","The lush inner garden incorporates an ancient burial mound (kofun) and is a designated National Place of Scenic Beauty."]
[6150,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","史跡","古墳","こふん","kofun","緑豊かな内園には、古代の古墳が組み込まれており、国の名勝に指定されています。","The lush inner garden incorporates an ancient burial mound (kofun) and is a designated National Place of Scenic Beauty.","※「kofun」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[6151,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","史跡","東車塚古墳","ひがしくるまづかこふん","Higashi-Kurumazuka Kofun","松花堂庭園の内園には、僧侶である松花堂昭乗の17世紀の草庵、彼の隠居寺の客殿、そして4～5世紀の古墳である東車塚古墳があります。","The inner area of the Shokado Garden contains the seventeenth-century thatched-roof hermitage of the Buddhist monk Shokado Shojo, the guest hall of his retirement temple, and the Higashi-Kurumazuka Kofun, a burial mound dating from the fourth or fifth century."]
[6152,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","食","茶会","ちゃかい","tea gathering","これらの茶室は、茶会やその他の文化イベントの開催にも定期的に利用されています。","The tea houses are regularly used for tea gatherings and other cultural events."]
[6153,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","博物館・美術館","松花堂美術館","しょうかどうびじゅつかん","Shokado Art Museum","松花堂美術館は、松花堂庭園の正面入口の右側にあります。","The Shokado Art Museum is located to the right of the main garden entrance."]
[6154,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","食","吉兆","きっちょう","Kitcho","このタイプの箱を、食べ物を供することに使うというアイデアは、有名な日本料亭「吉兆」の創業者が八幡で茶会に出席した1933年に生まれました。","The idea of using this type of box to serve food was born in 1933, when the founder of the famous Japanese cuisine restaurant Kitcho attended a tea function in Yawata."]
[6155,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","食","京都吉兆松花堂","きょうときっちょうしょうかどう","Kyoto Kitcho Shokado","美術館の隣には、京都吉兆 松花堂店という有名な日本料亭があり、松花堂昭乗に影響を受けた「松花堂弁当」を提供しています。","Next to the museum is Kyoto Kitcho Shokado, a renowned restaurant specializing in fine Japanese cuisine, which serves “Shokado Bento” meals inspired by Shokado Shojo."]
[6156,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","食","松花堂弁当","しょうかどうべんとう","Shokado Bento","美術館の隣には、京都吉兆 松花堂店という有名な日本料亭があり、松花堂昭乗に影響を受けた「松花堂弁当」を提供しています。","Next to the museum is Kyoto Kitcho Shokado, a renowned restaurant specializing in fine Japanese cuisine, which serves “Shokado Bento” meals inspired by Shokado Shojo."]
[6157,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","雅号","がごう","art name","松花堂は彼の雅号であり、「松の花を愛した僧侶の家」という意味合いです。","Shokado was his art name, interpreted as “house of the monk who loved pine flowers.”"]
[6158,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","住職","じゅうしょく","chief abbot","昭乗は10代の頃男山に来て仏門に入り、やがて、かつて石清水八幡宮寺を構成していた数多くの小さな寺院の1つであった瀧本坊で、住職にまでなりました。","Shojo arrived at Mt. Otokoyama as a teenager to enter monastic life and eventually rose to the rank of chief abbot of Takimotobo Temple."]
[6159,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","瀧本坊","たきもとぼう","Takimotobo Temple","昭乗は10代の頃男山に来て仏門に入り、やがて、かつて石清水八幡宮寺を構成していた数多くの小さな寺院の1つであった瀧本坊で、住職にまでなりました。","Shojo arrived at Mt. Otokoyama as a teenager to enter monastic life and eventually rose to the rank of chief abbot of Takimotobo Temple."]
[6160,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","泉坊","いずみぼう","Izumibo Temple","昭乗は50代半ばに引退し、近くの泉坊に引っ越し、そこで1637年に小さな草庵を建て、その草庵を松花堂と名付けました。","In his mid-fifties Shojo retired and moved to the nearby Izumibo Temple, where he built a small thatched-roof hermitage in 1637, naming it Shokado."]
[6161,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","庭園・公園","露地","ろじ","tea garden (roji)","草庵と草庵の庭（露地）、そして男山の元の所在地は、国の史跡です。","The hermitage and its tea garden (roji), as well as their original location on Mt. Otokoyama, are designated National Historic Sites.","※「roji」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\n文脈によってより適切な表現として、「garden approach」も可能。"]
[6162,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","草庵松花堂","そうあんしょうかどう","Shokado hermitage","草庵松花堂は、1637年に僧侶松花堂昭乗（1584〜1639）のために建てられました。","The thatched-roof Shokado hermitage was built in 1637 for the Buddhist monk Shokado Shojo (1584–1639)."]
[6163,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","仏壇","ぶつだん","Buddhist altar","その狭い座れる場所の周りを、仏壇、美術品を展示する床の間、水を沸かす丸炉、茶道具を収納するための棚が取り囲んでいます。","The small seating area is surrounded by a Buddhist altar, a tokonoma alcove for displaying art, a round hearth for heating water, and shelves for tea utensils."]
[6164,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","床の間","とこのま","tokonoma","その狭い座れる場所の周りを、仏壇、美術品を展示する床の間、水を沸かす丸炉、茶道具を収納するための棚が取り囲んでいます。","The small seating area is surrounded by a Buddhist altar, a tokonoma alcove for displaying art, a round hearth for heating water, and shelves for tea utensils."]
[6165,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","食","丸炉","がんろ","round hearth for heating water","その狭い座れる場所の周りを、仏壇、美術品を展示する床の間、水を沸かす丸炉、茶道具を収納するための棚が取り囲んでいます。","The small seating area is surrounded by a Buddhist altar, a tokonoma alcove for displaying art, a round hearth for heating water, and shelves for tea utensils."]
[6166,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","食","茶道具","ちゃどうぐ","tea utensils","その狭い座れる場所の周りを、仏壇、美術品を展示する床の間、水を沸かす丸炉、茶道具を収納するための棚が取り囲んでいます。","The small seating area is surrounded by a Buddhist altar, a tokonoma alcove for displaying art, a round hearth for heating water, and shelves for tea utensils."]
[6167,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","主室","しゅしつ","main room","泉坊の客殿の主室、次の間、玄関は丁寧に保存され、その後、松花堂庭園の現在の泉坊書院に組み込まれました。これら3つの建造物の部分は京都府登録文化財になっています。","The main room, anteroom, and entranceway of the Izumibo guest hall were carefully preserved and later incorporated into the present-day Izumibo Hall at the Shokado Garden."]
[6168,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","次の間","つぎのま","anteroom","泉坊の客殿の主室、次の間、玄関は丁寧に保存され、その後、松花堂庭園の現在の泉坊書院に組み込まれました。これら3つの建造物の部分は京都府登録文化財になっています。","The main room, anteroom, and entranceway of the Izumibo guest hall were carefully preserved and later incorporated into the present-day Izumibo Hall at the Shokado Garden."]
[6169,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","泉坊書院","いずみぼうしょいん","Izumibo Hall","泉坊の客殿の主室、次の間、玄関は丁寧に保存され、その後、松花堂庭園の現在の泉坊書院に組み込まれました。これら3つの建造物の部分は京都府登録文化財になっています。","The main room, anteroom, and entranceway of the Izumibo guest hall were carefully preserved and later incorporated into the present-day Izumibo Hall at the Shokado Garden."]
[6170,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","玄関","げんかん","entranceway","伝承によると、玄関は元々、豊臣秀吉（1537–1598）によって建てられた伏見城の一部であり、彼の桐の紋章は今もその門に見られます。","According to legend, the entranceway was originally part of Fushimi Castle built by the warlord Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1537–1598), and the doors display his paulownia crests."]
[6171,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","伏見城","ふしみじょう","Fushimi Castle","伝承によると、玄関は元々、豊臣秀吉（1537–1598）によって建てられた伏見城の一部であり、彼の桐の紋章は今もその門に見られます。","According to legend, the entranceway was originally part of Fushimi Castle built by the warlord Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1537–1598), and the doors display his paulownia crests."]
[6172,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","紋章等 ","桐紋","きりもん","paulownia crest","伝承によると、玄関は元々、豊臣秀吉（1537–1598）によって建てられた伏見城の一部であり、彼の桐紋は今もその門に見られます。","According to legend, the entranceway was originally part of Fushimi Castle built by the warlord Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1537–1598), and the doors display his paulownia crests."]
[6173,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","松隠","しょういん","Shoin tea house","松隠は、寒い冬にも緑の葉を保ち、丈夫で耐久性があることから縁起物とされている松の木にちなんで名づけられました。","The Shoin tea house is named after pine trees, considered an auspicious symbol because they retain their green foliage in the cold winter, staying strong and resilient."]
[6174,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","閑雲軒","かんうんけん","Kan’unken","この建物の中には、男山にかつて建っていた瀧本坊にあった、閑雲軒（「雲に浮かぶ茶室」）と呼ばれるユニークな茶室の一小間のレプリカが含まれています。","The building contains a replica of the tea room from a unique tea house called Kan’unken (“the tea house floating in the clouds”) that once stood in Takimotobo Temple on Mt. Otokoyama."]
[6175,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","小堀遠州","こぼりえんしゅう","Kobori Enshu","著名な茶人であり作庭家でもある大名の小堀遠州（1579～1647）が、瀧本坊の当時の住職であった友人の松花堂昭乗（1584～1639）のために閑雲軒を設計したと言われています。","It is said that the daimyo Kobori Enshu (1579–1647), a famed tea master and landscape architect, designed Kan’unken for his friend Shokado Shojo (1584–1639), then the chief abbot of Takimotobo."]
[6176,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","起こし絵図","おこしえず","building plan","閑雲軒は1773年に焼失しましたが、歴史的な起こし絵図を元に復元されました。","The tea house was lost to fire in 1773, but historic building plans served as the basis for this reconstruction."]
[6177,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","竹隠","ちくいん","Chikuin tea house","竹隠は、比較的に新しい茶室建築の一例です。","The Chikuin tea house is an example of more recent tea house architecture."]
[6178,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","木村清兵衛","きむらせいべい","Kimura Seibei","竹隠は、伝統的な茶室の建築を専門とした有名な京都の大工、木村清兵衛の最後の代である四代目木村清兵衛（1900～1970）によって建てられたと言われているある別荘の庭園にあった茶室のレプリカです。","It is a replica of a villa garden tea house that was supposedly built by Kimura Seibei IV (1900–1970), last in a line of renowned Kyoto carpenters who specialized in traditional tea house architecture."]
[6179,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","琵琶床","びわどこ","biwadoko","その建築は充分な自然光を取り入れ、内部を比較的明るくし、アルコーブの一種である床の間には、リュートの一種である琵琶を展示していた、琵琶床と呼ばれる専用のスペースが設けられています。","The architecture lets in ample natural light, making the interior comparatively brighter, and the tokonoma alcove includes a dedicated space called a biwadoko, used to display biwa lutes.","※「biwadoko」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[6180,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","工芸・美術品","琵琶","びわ","biwa lute","その建築は充分な自然光を取り入れ、内部を比較的明るくし、アルコーブの一種である床の間には、リュートの一種である琵琶を展示していた、琵琶床と呼ばれる専用のスペースが設けられています。","The architecture lets in ample natural light, making the interior comparatively brighter, and the tokonoma alcove includes a dedicated space called a biwadoko, used to display biwa lutes.","※「biwa」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[6181,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","梅隠","ばいいん","Baiin tea house","梅隠の名前は、他の植物より先に花を咲かせ、春の訪れを告げることから縁起物とされている梅を連想させます。","The name of the Baiin tea house invokes plum trees, which are considered an auspicious symbol because they bloom before other plants, heralding the coming of spring."]
[6182,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","千宗旦","せんのそうたん","Sen no Sotan","梅隠の中には、茶道の千家の三代目当主である千宗旦（1578～1658）好みの様式の伝統的な茶室のレプリカがあります。","Baiin contains a re-creation of a small historic tea room in the style favored by Sen no Sotan (1578–1658), the third-generation head of the Sen family of tea masters."]
[6183,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","千家","せんけ","Sen family","梅隠の中には、茶道の千家の三代目当主である千宗旦（1578～1658）好みの様式の伝統的な茶室のレプリカがあります。","Baiin contains a re-creation of a small historic tea room in the style favored by Sen no Sotan (1578–1658), the third-generation head of the Sen family of tea masters."]
[6184,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","千利休","せんのりきゅう","Sen no Rikyu","宗旦は、日本の茶道の発展に多大な影響を与えたことで知られる著名な茶人、千利休（1522～1591）の孫でした。","Sotan was the grandson of Sen no Rikyu (1522–1591), a famous tea master known for his profound influence on the development of the Japanese culture of tea (chanoyu)."]
[6185,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","その他","侘び寂び","わびさび","wabi-sabi","茅葺き屋根、土壁、そして荒削りした栗の木で作られた床の間の柱は、茶の湯をたしなむ人々が大切にしている侘び寂びの美学を反映して、素朴な美しさという印象を作り出します。","The thatched roof, earthen walls, and tokonoma alcove pillar made from roughly hewn chestnut create an impression of simple, natural beauty, reflecting the wabi-sabi aesthetics prized by practitioners of chanoyu.","※「wabi-sabi」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[6186,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","庭園・公園","水琴窟","すいきんくつ","suikinkutsu","茶室の近くには水琴窟という、伝統的で音楽的な庭園設備があります。","Near the tea house is a suikinkutsu, a traditional musical garden feature.","※「suikinkutsu」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[6187,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","工芸・美術品","琴","こと","koto zither","手水鉢から壺へ水が滴る時、鈴またはツィターの一種である琴によく例えられる、穏やかで音色の良い水滴の音がします。","When water from the basin drips into the pot, it creates soft, musical splashes, often compared to a bell or a koto zither.","※「koto」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[6188,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","工芸・美術品","漆塗り","うるしぬり","lacquer","その箱をより美しくするために、彼は、薄い漆塗りと自然をテーマにした墨絵を加えました。","To make the boxes more attractive, he added a light coat of lacquer and ink paintings with nature themes."]
[6189,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","工芸・美術品","墨絵","すみえ","ink painting","その箱をより美しくするために、彼は、薄い漆塗りと自然をテーマにした墨絵を加えました。","To make the boxes more attractive, he added a light coat of lacquer and ink paintings with nature themes."]
[6190,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","八角堂","はっかくどう","Hakkakudo","八角堂は、かつて神道と仏教を融合して信仰していた神仏習合の施設であった石清水八幡宮の一部をなした主要な仏教関連の建物の中で、唯一現存しているお堂です。","Hakkakudo is the only remaining hall of the important Buddhist structures that used to be part of Iwashimizu Hachimangu, historically a shrine-temple complex that practiced a syncretic fusion of Shinto and Buddhism. "]
[6191,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神仏習合","しんぶつしゅうごう","syncretic fusion of Shinto and Buddhism","八角堂は、かつて神道と仏教を融合して信仰していた神仏習合の施設であった石清水八幡宮の一部をなした主要な仏教関連の建物の中で、唯一現存しているお堂です。","Hakkakudo is the only remaining hall of the important Buddhist structures that used to be part of Iwashimizu Hachimangu, historically a shrine-temple complex that practiced a syncretic fusion of Shinto and Buddhism. "]
[6192,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","博物館・美術館","京都国立博物館","きょうとこくりつはくぶつかん","Kyoto National Museum","阿弥陀如来像は、1998年から京都国立博物館で展示され、2008年に正法寺へ移されました。","The statue of Amida was displayed at the Kyoto National Museum from 1998 and transferred to Shoboji in 2008."]
[6193,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","正法寺","しょうぼうじ","Shoboji Temple","正法寺は、鎌倉幕府を創立した源頼朝（1147～1199）の家臣である志水氏の菩提寺として1191年に建立されました。","Shoboji Temple was established in 1191 as the memorial temple of the Shimizu family by an ancestor who was a retainer of Minamoto Yoritomo (1147–1199), the founder of the Kamakura shogunate. "]
[6194,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","志水氏","しみずし","Shimizu family","正法寺は、鎌倉幕府を創立した源頼朝（1147～1199）の家臣である志水氏の菩提寺として1191年に建立されました。","Shoboji was established in 1191 as the memorial temple of the Shimizu family by an ancestor who was a retainer of Minamoto Yoritomo (1147–1199), the founder of the Kamakura shogunate. "]
[6195,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","お亀の方","おかめのかた","Okame no Kata ","正法寺は、徳川初代将軍である徳川家康（1543～1616）の側室となった志水家の娘であるお亀の方（1576～1642）の大きな恩恵を受けました。","The temple benefited greatly from the generosity of Okame no Kata (1576–1642), a daughter of the Shimizu family who became a consort of Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543–1616), the first Tokugawa shogun. "]
[6196,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","本堂","ほんどう","main hall","本堂、大方丈、唐門は1630年にお亀の方の寄進で建てられ、国指定重要文化財に指定されています。","The main hall, the larger abbot’s quarters, and the karamon gate were built with donations from Okame in 1630 and are nationally designated Important Cultural Properties. "]
[6197,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","方丈","ほうじょう","abbot's quarters","本堂、大方丈、唐門は1630年にお亀の方の寄進で建てられ、国指定重要文化財に指定されています。","The main hall, the larger abbot’s quarters, and the karamon gate were built with donations from Okame in 1630 and are nationally designated Important Cultural Properties. "]
[6198,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","唐門","からもん","karamon","本堂、大方丈、唐門は1630年にお亀の方の寄進で建てられ、国指定重要文化財に指定されています。","The main hall, the larger abbot’s quarters, and the karamon gate were built with donations from Okame in 1630 and are nationally designated Important Cultural Properties. ","※「karamon」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[6199,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","ご本尊","ごほんぞん"," principal object of worship","本堂には鎌倉時代（1185～1333）の阿弥陀如来像をご本尊として祀っており、お亀と徳川の子孫の位牌もここに保管されています。","The main hall houses a statue of Amida Buddha from the Kamakura period (1185–1333) as the principal object of worship, and Buddhist memorial tablets for Okame and her Tokugawa descendants are also kept here. "]
[6200,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","位牌","いはい","memorial tablet","本堂には鎌倉時代（1185～1333）の阿弥陀如来像を本尊として祀っており、お亀と徳川の子孫の位牌もここに保管されています。","The main hall houses a statue of Amida Buddha from the Kamakura period (1185–1333) as the principal object of worship, and Buddhist memorial tablets for Okame and her Tokugawa descendants are also kept here. "]
[6201,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","書院","しょいん","drawing room","大方丈と書院には中国古典と自然をテーマにした襖絵が飾られており、寺院の裏庭は京都府指定名勝です。","The larger abbot’s quarters and the drawing room next to the main hall contain classical Chinese and nature-themed paintings on sliding doors, and the rear garden of the temple is a Place of Scenic Beauty designated by Kyoto Prefecture. "]
[6202,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","襖絵","ふすまえ","painting on sliding doors","大方丈と書院には中国古典と自然をテーマにした襖絵が飾られており、寺院の裏庭は京都府指定名勝です。","The larger abbot’s quarters and the drawing room next to the main hall contain classical Chinese and nature-themed paintings on sliding doors, and the rear garden of the temple is a Place of Scenic Beauty designated by Kyoto Prefecture. "]
[6203,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","法雲殿","ほううんでん","Ho’unden Hall","近くにある八角形のお堂である八角堂に祀られていた阿弥陀如来の大きな像は、2008年に保管のため正法寺の法雲殿に移されました。","A large statue of Amida Buddha that once was enshrined in the octagonal Hakkakudo hall nearby was moved to the Ho’unden Hall at Shoboji for safekeeping in 2008."]
[6204,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","阿弥陀如来","あみだにょらい","Amida Buddha","正法寺の法雲殿には、計り知れない光と生命の仏像である大きな阿弥陀如来像があります。","The Ho’unden Hall of Shoboji Temple houses a large statue of Amida, the Buddha of Immeasurable Light and Life. "]
[6205,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","結跏趺坐","けっかふざ","lotus position","阿弥陀如来は結跏趺坐で座り、穏やかな表情で描かれ、両手は胸の前で説法印を結んでいます。","Amida is portrayed seated in the lotus position with a serene expression, both hands held in front of the chest in a mudra of teaching. "]
[6206,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","説法印","せっぽういん","mudra of teaching","阿弥陀如来は結跏趺坐で座り、穏やかな表情で描かれ、両手は胸の前で説法印を結んでいます。","Amida is portrayed seated in the lotus position with a serene expression, both hands held in front of the chest in a mudra of teaching. "]
[6207,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","植物","檜","ひのき","Japanese cypress","像自体の高さは2.8メートルで、檜でできています。","The statue measures 2.8 meters in height and is made of Japanese cypress. "]
[6208,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","工芸・美術品","漆箔","うるしはく","gold leaf on lacquer","阿弥陀如来の体はかつて漆箔を施して、衣は色鮮やかに塗られていました。","Amida’s body was once covered with gold leaf on lacquer, and the robes were colorfully painted. "]
[6209,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","工芸・美術品","光背","こうはい","halo","光背（4.8m）には、13体の小さな仏、巻き雲、その他の装飾要素が配されており、今なお少量の金箔が残っています。","The halo (4.8 m) features 13 small Buddhist images, curling clouds, and other decorative elements, and still bears traces of gold foil. "]
[6210,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","化仏","けぶつ","small Buddhist images","光背（4.8m）には、13体の化仏、巻き雲、その他の装飾要素が配されており、今なお少量の金箔が残っています。","The halo (4.8 m) features 13 small Buddhist images, curling clouds, and other decorative elements, and still bears traces of gold foil. ","※文脈によって他の表現も可能。"]
[6211,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","工芸・美術品","金箔","きんぱく","gold foil","光背（4.8m）には、13体の小さな仏、巻き雲、その他の装飾要素が配されており、今なお少量の金箔が残っています。","The halo (4.8 m) features 13 small Buddhist images, curling clouds, and other decorative elements, and still bears traces of gold foil. "]
[6212,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","快慶","かいけい","Kaikei","彫像には作者の署名はありませんが、その様式から研究者は、鎌倉時代の有名な彫刻家である快慶の作品である可能性があると示唆しています。","The statue does not have the creator’s signature, but based on its style researchers suggest that it could be the work of Kaikei, a renowned Kamakura-period sculptor."]
[6213,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","その他","八幡市指定文化財","やわたししていぶんかざい","Cultural Property of Yawata City","寺宝の多くは、八幡市指定文化財に指定されています。","Many of the temple’s treasures are designated Cultural Properties of Yawata City."]
[6214,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","善法律寺","ぜんぽうりつじ","Zenporitsuji","善法律寺は、男山のふもとにある律宗の仏教寺院です。","Zenporitsuji is a Ritsu school Buddhist temple located at the foot of Mt. Otokoyama. "]
[6215,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","律宗","りっしゅう","Ritsu school ","善法律寺は、男山のふもとにある律宗の仏教寺院です。","Zenporitsuji is a Ritsu school Buddhist temple located at the foot of Mt. Otokoyama. "]
[6216,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","もみじ寺","もみじでら","Momijidera","境内にある約100本の美しいモミジの木が、この寺院に「もみじ寺」という別名を与えています。","Approximately one hundred maple trees growing on the grounds give the temple its other name, Momijidera (“the maple tree temple”). "]
[6217,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","菩提寺","ぼだいじ","bodaiji (family memorial temple)","善法律寺は、13世紀半ばに、近くの石清水八幡宮がかつて神仏習合の施設であった頃に検校を歴任した一家系の当主であった善法寺宮清(キュウセイ)によって、菩提寺として建立されました。","Zenporitsuji was founded in the mid-thirteenth century as a bodaiji (family memorial temple) by Zenpoji Kyusei, head of one of the families that served as top administrative officials of the nearby Iwashimizu Hachimangu back when it was a shrine-temple complex. ","※「bodaiji」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「memorial temple」も可能。"]
[6218,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","善法寺宮清","ぜんぽうじきゅうせい","Zenpoji Kyusei","善法律寺は、13世紀半ばに、近くの石清水八幡宮がかつて神仏習合の施設であった頃に検校を歴任した一家系の当主であった善法寺宮清(キュウセイ)（またはミヤキヨとしても知られている）によって、菩提寺（一族を追悼する寺）として建立されました。","Zenporitsuji was founded in the mid-thirteenth century as a bodaiji (family memorial temple) by Zenpoji Kyusei (also known as Miyakiyo), head of one of the families that served as top administrative officials of the nearby Iwashimizu Hachimangu back when it was a shrine-temple complex fusing Shinto and Buddhist religious practice. "]
[6219,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","検校","けんぎょう","top administrative official","善法律寺は、13世紀半ばに、近くの石清水八幡宮がかつて神仏習合の施設であった頃に検校を歴任した一家系の当主であった善法寺宮清(キュウセイ)（またはミヤキヨとしても知られている）によって、菩提寺（一族を追悼する寺）として建立されました。","Zenporitsuji was founded in the mid-thirteenth century as a bodaiji (family memorial temple) by Zenpoji Kyusei (also known as Miyakiyo), head of one of the families that served as top administrative officials of the nearby Iwashimizu Hachimangu back when it was a shrine-temple complex fusing Shinto and Buddhist religious practice. "]
[6220,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","紀良子","きのよしこ","Ki no Yoshiko","彼の曾孫娘の紀良子（1336～1413）は、足利二代将軍の側室になり、三代将軍の母になりましたが、彼女はこの寺院の非常に影響力のある支援者となり、彼女に続いて足利将軍は何代にもわたりこの支援を行いました。","His great-granddaughter Ki no Yoshiko (1336–1413), who became the consort of the second Ashikaga shogun and the mother of the third, was a very influential patron of Zenporitsuji, and generations of Ashikaga shoguns honored the tradition of supporting the temple after her. "]
[6221,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","表門","おもてもん","main gate","京都府指定文化財に指定されている善法律寺の本堂と表門は、それぞれ、17世紀と18世紀に建てられました。","The main hall and main gate of Zenporitsuji, designated Cultural Properties of Kyoto Prefecture, date back to the seventeenth and the eighteenth century, respectively. "]
[6222,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","地蔵菩薩","じぞうぼさつ","bodhisattva Jizo","この像は元々、地蔵菩薩像として平安時代（794～1185）に彫られましたが、後年、八幡大菩薩として信仰されるようになったと言われています。","It is believed that it was originally carved in the Heian period (794–1185) to represent the bodhisattva Jizo, but came to be worshipped as Hachiman in later years. "]
[6223,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","不動明王","ふどうみょうおう"," Fudo Myo-o ","八幡神の両脇のアルコーブにある、仏教の明王である不動明王と愛染明王の大きな像は、鎌倉時代（1185～1333）に彫られたものです。","The large statues of Buddhist Wisdom Kings Fudo Myo-o and Aizen Myo-o in alcoves on either side of Hachiman were carved in the Kamakura period (1185–1333). "]
[6224,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","愛染明王","あいぜんみょうおう","Aizen Myo-o ","八幡神の両脇のアルコーブにある、仏教の明王である不動明王と愛染明王の大きな像は、鎌倉時代（1185～1333）に彫られたものです。","The large statues of Buddhist Wisdom Kings Fudo Myo-o and Aizen Myo-o in alcoves on either side of Hachiman were carved in the Kamakura period (1185–1333). "]
[6225,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神應寺","じんのうじ","Jinnoji Temple","神應寺は男山の北東側にあり、石清水八幡宮より谷を隔てて建っています。","Jinnoji Temple is located on the northeastern side of Mt. Otokoyama, across a valley from Iwashimizu Hachimangu Shrine."]
[6226,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","植物","シャガ","しゃが","fringed iris","寺院の境内には春に咲くシャガが群生しております。","The temple grounds are covered with fringed irises that bloom in springtime."]
[6227,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","曹洞宗","そうとうしゅう","Soto Zen","この寺院は長い歴史の中で何度か宗派を変えましたが、室町時代（1336～1573）に曹洞宗の寺院になりました。","Jinnoji changed Buddhist school affiliations several times throughout history and has been a Soto Zen temple since the Muromachi period (1336–1573)."]
[6228,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","薬師如来","やくしにょらい","Yakushi Buddha","この寺院の本堂には、本尊である医学と治療の仏様である薬師如来像があります。","The main hall houses the temple’s principal object of worship, a statue of Yakushi, the Buddha of medicine and healing."]
[6229,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","奥の院","おくのいん","Okunoin","神應寺の奥の谷には奥の院と称される数棟のお堂があります。","The area in the valley below the temple is called Okunoin and contains several halls. "]
[6230,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","十一面観音","じゅういちめんかんのん","Eleven-Headed Kannon","仏教の明王である不動明王が祀られているお堂、慈悲の菩薩である十一面観音が祀られているお堂、そして生命のある全てのものの救世主である地蔵菩薩が祀られているお堂があります。","One is dedicated to Fudo Myo-o, a Buddhist Wisdom King, another houses a statue of the Eleven-Headed Kannon, the bodhisattva of compassion, and yet another enshrines the bodhisattva Jizo, the savior of all sentient beings.","※「Juichimen Kannon」＋説明文でも可能。"]
[6231,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","滝行","たきぎょう","ascetic waterfall meditation","また、ひきめの滝で滝行を行うために奥の院を訪れる参拝者もいます。","Some worshippers also visit Okunoin to engage in ascetic waterfall mediation at the Hikime waterfall."]
[6232,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","滝","ひきめの滝","ひきめのたき","Hikime waterfall","また、「ひきめの滝」で滝行を行うために奥の院を訪れる参拝者もいます。","Some worshippers also visit Okunoin to engage in ascetic waterfall mediation at the Hikime waterfall."]
[6233,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","飛行神社","ひこうじんじゃ","Hiko Jinja Shrine","飛行神社は、日本の航空の先駆者である二宮忠八（1866～1936）によって創建された比較的新しい神社です。","Hiko Jinja Shrine is a relatively modern Shinto shrine founded by Ninomiya Chuhachi (1866–1936), a pioneer of Japanese aviation."]
[6234,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","二宮忠八","にのみやちゅうはち","Ninomiya Chuhachi","飛行神社は、日本の航空の先駆者である二宮忠八（1866～1936）によって創建された比較的新しい神社です。","Hiko Jinja Shrine is a relatively modern Shinto shrine founded by Ninomiya Chuhachi (1866–1936), a pioneer of Japanese aviation."]
[6235,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","乗物","カラス型飛行器","からすがたひこうき","crow-type model aircraft","看護卒を務めていた20代の頃、彼は自然から着想を得て、固定翼のゴム製の「カラス型飛行器」を作り、1891年にその飛行に成功しました。","When serving as an army medic in his twenties, he drew inspiration from nature and created a fixed-wing rubber-powered “crow-type model aircraft,” which flew successfully in 1891."]
[6236,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","乗物","玉虫型飛行器","たまむしがたひこうき","jewel beetle-type aircraft","次に1893年に、尾翼がなく人が乗れる複葉機モデルである「玉虫型飛行器」を作りましたが、資金不足のため、忠八のさらなる計画は頓挫しました。","Next was the “jewel beetle-type aircraft,” a tailless man-carrying biplane model built in 1893, but lack of financing put Chuhachi’s further plans on hold."]
[6237,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","饒速日命","にぎはやひのみこと","Nigihayahi no Mikoto","中央の祭壇には、空の神様である饒速日命が祀られています。","The central altar enshrines Nigihayahi no Mikoto, a deity of the sky."]
[6238,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","単伝庵","たんでんあん","Tanden’an Temple","単伝庵はらくがき寺、つまり「落書きの寺院」として一般に知られています。","Tanden’an Temple is popularly known as Rakugakidera, “the graffiti temple.”"]
[6239,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","らくがき寺","らくがきでら","Rakugakidera","単伝庵はらくがき寺、つまり「落書きの寺院」として一般に知られています。","Tanden’an Temple is popularly known as Rakugakidera, “the graffiti temple.”"]
[6240,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大黒堂","だいこくどう","Daikokudo Hall","ここに安置されている大黒天に願い事をより良く見てもらえるようにするため、参拝者が大黒堂の内壁に直接願い事を書くことは、この寺の珍しい習慣になっています。","In an unusual tradition, visitors write their wishes or prayers directly on the inside walls of its Daikokudo Hall to help the enshrined deity Daikokuten see them better."]
[6241,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","大黒天","だいこくてん","Daikokuten","この寺院の大黒天像を安置するために新しいお堂が建てられたとき、大黒天に願い事をより良く見てもらえるようにするために、内壁に直接願い事を書くことが習慣になりました。","When a new hall was built to house the temple’s statue of the deity Daikokuten, it became tradition to write wishes or prayers directly on the inside walls to help the deity see them better."]
[6242,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","絵馬","えま","ema","これは、絵馬と呼ばれる小さな木製の平板に願い事を書いて神社や寺院のお堂の外に掛けるという、より一般的な習慣の代わりとなるものです。","This replaces the more common practice of writing wishes on small wooden tablets called ema and hanging them outside a shrine or temple hall.","※「ema」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\n「votive tablet」も可能。"]
[6243,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","瑞応","ずいおう","Zuio","単伝庵の起源は不明ですが、現存する記録によると、1711年に臨済宗妙心寺宗派の僧侶である瑞応（1664～1734）によって再建されました。","The origins of Tanden’an are unknown, but existing records show that it was reestablished in 1711 by Zuio (1664–1734), a monk from the Myoshinji school of Rinzai Zen Buddhism."]
[6244,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","妙心寺派","みょうしんじは","Myoshinji school","単伝庵の起源は不明ですが、現存する記録によると、1711年に臨済宗妙心寺派の僧侶である瑞応（1664～1734）によって再建されました。","The origins of Tanden’an are unknown, but existing records show that it was reestablished in 1711 by Zuio (1664–1734), a monk from the Myoshinji school of Rinzai Zen Buddhism."]
[6245,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","臨済宗","りんざいしゅう","Rinzai Zen Buddhism","単伝庵の起源は不明ですが、現存する記録によると、1711年に臨済宗妙心寺宗派の僧侶である瑞応（1664～1734）によって再建されました。","The origins of Tanden’an are unknown, but existing records show that it was reestablished in 1711 by Zuio (1664–1734), a monk from the Myoshinji school of Rinzai Zen Buddhism."]
[6246,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","七福神","しちふくじん","Seven Gods of Fortune","お堂に安置されている小さな像は、財福の神様であり七福神の一柱である大黒天を表現しています。","The small statue enshrined in the hall portrays Daikokuten, a god of wealth and one of the Seven Gods of Fortune."]
[6247,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","走り大黒","はしりだいこく","Hashiri Daikoku","この像は、走り大黒、つまり「走っている大黒天」と呼ばれていますが、それはこの大黒天が足を踏み出しているように彫られているためです。","The statue is called Hashiri Daikoku, “the running Daikokuten,” because the deity is carved as if mid-stride."]
[6248,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","植物","クスノキ","くすのき","kusunoki","寺の伝説によると、この像は、著名な武士・武将である楠木正成（1294？～1336）が戦の勝利を祈願して近隣の石清水八幡宮に寄進したクスノキの一部から作られました。","According to temple legend, the statue was made from a piece of the kusunoki camphor tree that Kusunoki Masashige (1294?–1336), a prominent warrior and military commander, donated to the nearby Iwashimizu Hachimangu Shrine in prayer for victory in battle.","※「kusunoki」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[6249,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","釈迦如来","しゃかにょらい","Shakyamuni Buddha","大黒堂の他に、この寺院には2階建ての本堂があり、そこでは本尊である近年に作られた釈迦如来像と、慈悲の菩薩である観音菩薩の像を安置しています。観音菩薩像は、200年以上も単伝庵で保管されています。","In addition to Daikokudo, Tanden’an has a two-story main hall, which houses the principal object of worship, a recent statue of Shakyamuni Buddha, as well as a statue of Kannon, the bodhisattva of compassion, kept at the temple for more than 200 years. "]
[6250,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","観音","かんのん","bodhisattva Kannon","大黒堂の他に、この寺院には2階建ての本堂があり、そこでは本尊である近年に作られた釈迦如来像と、慈悲の菩薩である観音菩薩の像を安置しています。観音菩薩像は、200年以上も単伝庵で保管されています。","In addition to Daikokudo, Tanden’an has a two-story main hall, which houses the principal object of worship, a recent statue of Shakyamuni Buddha, as well as a statue of Kannon, the bodhisattva of compassion, kept at the temple for more than 200 years. "]
[6251,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","地蔵堂","じぞうどう","Jizodo Hall","地蔵堂は、生命のある全てのものの救世主である地蔵菩薩を祀っており、この寺院の手入れの行き届いた庭には、他にもいくつか小さな祭壇が安置されています。","The Jizodo Hall enshrines the bodhisattva Jizo, the savior of all sentient beings, and several other small altars are placed in the temple’s well-tended garden."]
[6252,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","相槌神社","あいつちじんじゃ","Aitsuchi Jinja Shrine","相槌神社は、その水が優れた刀剣を作るのに適しているとされる神社脇の井戸があることから、刀作りと強く結びついています。","Aitsuchi Jinja Shrine is strongly associated with sword making, as the well beside the shrine contains water thought to be suitable for creating excellent swords."]
[6253,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","五郎太夫安綱","ごろうだゆうやすつな","Gorodayu Yasutsuna","平安時代（794～1185年）後期には、有名な刀鍛冶である五郎太夫安綱と三条宗近が、相槌神社の隣にある井戸の水を使って刃を鍛造したと言われています。","The renowned swordsmiths Gorodayu Yasutsuna and Sanjo Munechika are said to have used water from the well next to Aitsuchi Shrine to forge blades in the late Heian period (794–1185)."]
[6254,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","三条宗近","さんじょうむねちか","Sanjo Munechika","平安時代（794～1185年）後期には、有名な刀鍛冶である五郎太夫安綱と三条宗近が、相槌神社の隣にある井戸の水を使って刃を鍛造したと言われています。","The renowned swordsmiths Gorodayu Yasutsuna and Sanjo Munechika are said to have used water from the well next to Aitsuchi Shrine to forge blades in the late Heian period (794–1185)."]
[6255,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","工芸・美術品","髭切","ひげきり","Higekiri","その中で最も有名なのは髭切と膝丸で、この2本の刀は、歴史を通じて多くの英雄的戦士を生み出した源氏の宝物と見なされています。","The most famous of these are Higekiri and Hizamaru, two swords considered treasures of the Minamoto clan, which produced many heroic warriors throughout history."]
[6256,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","工芸・美術品","膝丸","ひざまる","Hizamaru","その中で最も有名なのは髭切と膝丸で、この2本の刀は、歴史を通じて多くの英雄的戦士を生み出した源氏の宝物と見なされています。","The most famous of these are Higekiri and Hizamaru, two swords considered treasures of the Minamoto clan, which produced many heroic warriors throughout history."]
[6257,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","稲荷","いなり","Inari","神社の伝説では、商業と農業の神である稲荷が、五郎太夫安綱の刃の鍛造を助けるため現れたとされています。","Shrine legend states that Inari, a deity of commerce and agriculture, appeared to help Gorodayu Yasutsuna forge the blades."]
[6258,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","山ノ井","やまのい","Yama no I","山ノ井（「山の井戸」）または藤木井（「藤の井戸」）と呼ばれる神社の井戸は、江戸時代（1603～1867）に石が敷き詰められました。","The well, called Yama no I (“mountain well”) or Fujiki-i (“wisteria well”), was paved with stone in the Edo period (1603–1867)."]
[6259,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","藤木井","ふじきい","Fujiki-i","山ノ井（「山の井戸」）または藤木井（「藤の井戸」）と呼ばれる神社の井戸は、江戸時代（1603～1867）に石が敷き詰められました。","The well, called Yama no I (“mountain well”) or Fujiki-i (“wisteria well”), was paved with stone in the Edo period (1603–1867)."]
[6260,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","八幡五水","やわたごすい","Yawata’s five historic wells","この井戸は、八幡の5つの由緒ある井戸「八幡五水」の中で、今でも水が出ている唯一の井戸です。","It is the only one of Yawata’s five historic wells that still produces water."]
[6261,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","扁額","へんがく","nameplate","そしていつ頃かは不明ですが、神社の扁額に刀工の三条宗近についての記載が加えられました。","A reference to the swordsmith Sanjo Munechika was added to the shrine nameplate at an unknown date.","※扁額にはおおよその場合、その建物の名前が書かれているが、別の事柄が記載されている場合もあり、その場合は扁額に記載されている内容に合わせた英語表記が必要。"]
[6262,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","北野天満宮","きたのてんまんぐう","Kitano Tenmangu Shrine","現在では、京都の北野天満宮と大覚寺に保管されている2本の貴重な歴史的な刀は、伝説の髭切と膝丸ではないかと考えられています。","It is now believed that two valuable historic swords stored at Kitano Tenmangu Shrine and Daikakuji Temple in Kyoto may be the legendary Higekiri and Hizamaru."]
[6263,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大覚寺","だいかくじ","Daikakuji Temple","現在では、京都の北野天満宮と大覚寺に保管されている2本の貴重な歴史的な刀は、伝説の髭切と膝丸ではないかと考えられています。","It is now believed that two valuable historic swords stored at Kitano Tenmangu Shrine and Daikakuji Temple in Kyoto may be the legendary Higekiri and Hizamaru."]
[6264,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","伊佐家住宅","いさけじゅうたく","Isa Family Residence",null,"The Isa Family Residence reflects the status of wealthy shoya who were charged with administering villages under direct control of the Tokugawa shogunate in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries."]
[6265,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","伊佐家","いさけ","Isa family","この広々とした施設は、何代にもわたって庄屋（村の長）を務めた伊佐家の先祖代々の住宅です。","This spacious property is the ancestral home of the Isa family, who served as village headmen (shoya) for generations."]
[6266,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","庄屋","しょうや","village headman (shoya)","この広々とした施設は、何代にもわたって庄屋（村の長）を務めた伊佐家の先祖代々の住宅です。","This spacious property is the ancestral home of the Isa family, who served as village headmen (shoya) for generations.","※「shoya」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[6267,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","主屋","おもや","main house","主屋は、江戸時代（1603年－1867年）中期のこの地域特有の住宅建築の、美しく修復され、よく保存された例となっています。","The main house is a beautifully restored and well-preserved example of the type of residential architecture that was characteristic of this area during the mid-Edo period (1603–1867)."]
[6268,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","蔵","くら","storehouse","1975年に主屋が重要文化財に指定され、1980年に、5つの蔵、木小屋、普請文書、古図、宅地が追加指定されました。","It was designated an Important Cultural Property in 1975, and in 1980 five storehouses, a lumber shed, old construction documentation, building plans, and the land itself were added to the designation."]
[6269,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","蔵","くら","granary","村の年貢米を保存するための二つの大きな蔵や、神社やお寺で多く見られる様式で作られ、高い所にある、家と二つの蔵をつなぐ屋根付きの渡り廊下などがあります。","There are two large granaries for storing the village’s annual rice tax, and a raised, roofed passageway built in a style often seen at shrines and temples connects the house to two storehouses."]
[6270,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","木小屋","きごや","lumber shed","1975年に主屋が重要文化財に指定され、1980年に、5つの蔵、木小屋、普請文書、古図、宅地が追加指定されました。","It was designated an Important Cultural Property in 1975, and in 1980 five storehouses, a lumber shed, old construction documentation, building plans, and the land itself were added to the designation."]
[6271,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","大くど","おおくど","okudo stove","1734年に再建された主屋は、特別に厚い茅葺きの屋根や、通常は公家や武士の家にしかなかった赤い土壁、特に大きなかまどである「大くど」を備えた広い台所、そしてたくさんの部屋が特徴となっています。","The main house, which was rebuilt in 1734, is distinguished by its especially thick roof thatching, a red earthen wall of the kind usually found only in the houses of nobility or samurai, a spacious kitchen with a particularly large okudo stove, and a large number of rooms.","※「okudo」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[6272,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","玄関の間","げんかんのま","foyer","賓客はこの式台を上って広々とした玄関の間へ入り、間もなく大きな仏壇のある控えの間に入り、その後、主屋の西側の端にある奥座敷に通されます。","Guests would ascend into a spacious foyer and then an antechamber containing a large Buddhist altar before being shown to the inner parlor on the far west side of the house."]
[6273,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","控えの間","ひかえのま","antechamber","賓客はこの式台を上って広々とした玄関の間へ入り、間もなく大きな仏壇のある控えの間に入り、その後、主屋の西側の端にある奥座敷に通されます。","Guests would ascend into a spacious foyer and then an antechamber containing a large Buddhist altar before being shown to the inner parlor on the far west side of the house."]
[6274,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","奥座敷","おくざしき"," inner parlor","賓客はこの式台を上って広々とした玄関の間へ入り、間もなく大きな仏壇のある控えの間に入り、その後、主屋の西側の端にある奥座敷に通されます。","Guests would ascend into a spacious foyer and then an antechamber containing a large Buddhist altar before being shown to the inner parlor on the far west side of the house."]
[6275,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","欄間","らんま","transom","奥座敷は、彫刻が施された木製の欄間や美術品を展示するための床の間と違い棚、金箔と絵画で覆われた引き戸のある小さな飾り棚で飾られています。","The inner parlor is decorated with carved wooden transoms, a tokonoma alcove and staggered shelves for displaying art, and a small cabinet with sliding doors covered in gold leaf and paintings."]
[6276,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","違い棚","ちがいだな","staggered shelves","奥座敷は、彫刻が施された木製の欄間や美術品を展示するための床の間と違い棚、金箔と絵画で覆われた引き戸のある小さな飾り棚で飾られています。","The inner parlor is decorated with carved wooden transoms, a tokonoma alcove and staggered shelves for displaying art, and a small cabinet with sliding doors covered in gold leaf and paintings."]
[6277,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","金箔","きんぱく","gold leaf","奥座敷は、彫刻が施された木製の欄間や美術品を展示するための床の間と違い棚、金箔と絵画で覆われた引き戸のある小さな飾り棚で飾られています。","The inner parlor is decorated with carved wooden transoms, a tokonoma alcove and staggered shelves for displaying art, and a small cabinet with sliding doors covered in gold leaf and paintings."]
[6278,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","その他","年貢米","ねんぐまい","annual rice tax","村の年貢米を保存するための二つの大きな蔵や、神社やお寺で多く見られる様式で作られ、高い所にある、家と二つの蔵をつなぐ屋根付きの渡り廊下などがあります。","There are two large granaries for storing the village’s annual rice tax, and a raised, roofed passageway built in a style often seen at shrines and temples connects the house to two storehouses."]
[6279,"京都府","八幡市多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","濠","ほり","moat","石垣で囲まれた敷地の南側には、かつて屋敷を囲んでいた濠の跡があり、また北側には竹林があります。","On the southern side of the stone-walled property are remains of the moat that once surrounded the residence, while a bamboo grove borders it on the north."]
[6280,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","愛宕寺念仏寺","おたぎねんぶつじ","Otagi Nenbutsuji Temple","愛宕念仏寺は、京都西部の嵯峨嵐山の奥にある静かな奥嵯峨地域に位置しています。","Otagi Nenbutsuji Temple is located in the quiet Okusaga area, which lies just past Saga-Arashiyama in western Kyoto."]
[6281,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","集落・街","奥嵯峨","おくさが","Okusaga","愛宕念仏寺は、京都西部の嵯峨嵐山の奥にある静かな奥嵯峨地域に位置しています。","Otagi Nenbutsuji Temple is located in the quiet Okusaga area, which lies just past Saga-Arashiyama in western Kyoto."]
[6282,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","集落・街","嵯峨嵐山","さがあらしやま","Saga-Arashiyama","愛宕念仏寺は、京都西部の嵯峨嵐山の奥にある静かな奥嵯峨地域に位置しています。","Otagi Nenbutsuji Temple is located in the quiet Okusaga area, which lies just past Saga-Arashiyama in western Kyoto."]
[6283,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","参道","さんどう","pilgrimage path ","この静かで落ち着いた、心地良い歓迎の雰囲気があるお寺は、神聖な愛宕山へと続く歴史ある参道沿いの山腹に建っています。","This serene temple with a welcoming atmosphere stands on a mountainside along a historic pilgrimage path that leads to the sacred Mt. Atago. "]
[6284,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","山岳","愛宕山","あたごさん","Mt. Atago","この静かで落ち着いた、心地良い歓迎の雰囲気があるお寺は、神聖な愛宕山へと続く歴史ある参道沿いの山腹に建っています。","This serene temple with a welcoming atmosphere stands on a mountainside along a historic pilgrimage path that leads to the sacred Mt. Atago. "]
[6285,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","羅漢","らかん","arhat (rakan) ","愛宕念仏寺で特に注目すべき所は、たくさんのモミジの下にある1200体の仏教の羅漢の石像です。","Otagi Nenbutsuji is most notable for the 1,200 stone statues of Buddhist arhats (rakan) placed beneath the numerous maple trees throughout the grounds.","※「rakan」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\n「arhat」のみを使用することも可能。"]
[6286,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","本堂","ほんどう","main hall","千手観音の像が祀られている本堂は鎌倉時代（1185～1333）に作られたもので、国指定重要文化財です。","Its main hall, which houses a statue of the thousand-armed bodhisattva Kannon, dates back to the Kamakura period (1185–1333) and is a nationally designated Important Cultural Property."]
[6287,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","本堂","ほんどう","Hondo (Main Hall)","本堂 ","Hondo (Main Hall)","※固有名詞として表記する際。"]
[6288,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","集落・街","祇園","ぎおん","Gion","お寺の記録によると、愛宕念仏寺は766年に、現在の京都の祇園地域の近くに建立されましたが、天災で幾度も被害を受け、数回再興されました。","According to temple records, Otagi Nenbutsuji was originally established in 766 near what is now Kyoto’s Gion district, but was repeatedly damaged by natural disasters and rebuilt several times."]
[6289,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","住職","じゅうしょく","chief abbot","ほぼ同時期に、住職であり仏師であった西村公朝（1915～2003）は、お寺を復興するための事業を起こしました。","Around the same time, chief abbot Nishimura Kocho (1915–2003), also a sculptor of Buddhist statues, launched a project to revive the temple. "]
[6290,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","人物・人名・役職名","西村公朝","にしむらこうちょう","Nishimura Kocho ","ほぼ同時期に、住職であり仏師であった西村公朝（1915～2003）は、お寺を復興するための事業を起こしました。","Around the same time, chief abbot Nishimura Kocho (1915–2003), also a sculptor of Buddhist statues, launched a project to revive the temple. "]
[6291,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","人物・人名・役職名","地蔵菩薩","じぞうぼさつ","bodhisattva Jizo","触ってもいいようにデザインされた観音菩薩の像や、火災から身を守り、長寿祈願を聞き入れると言われている地蔵菩薩の像、そして、仏教の教えの重要なコンセプトを表す、異なる音色を持った3個一組の鐘があります。","These include a statue of the bodhisattva Kannon that was designed to be touched, a statue of the bodhisattva Jizo said to protect against fire and to grant long life, and a set of three temple bells with distinct tones that represent important concepts of Buddhist teachings."]
[6292,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","建造物等","格子天井","こうしてんじょう","coffered ceiling ","格子天井は鎌倉時代の設計の特徴を持ち、その中央付近には上に持ち上がった空間がありますが、それはかつて仏座上部の空間の重要性や神聖さを強調していました。","Its coffered ceiling is a characteristic design of the Kamakura period and has a raised area near the center to emphasize the importance and sanctity of the space above the altar."]
[6293,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","ご本尊","ごほんぞん","principal object of worship ","この寺院のご本尊は、元来この持ち上がった空間の真下に安置されていましたが、その後、経典を唱えながら内側の聖域を回って歩くなどの祈願方法に適した空間を作るため、仏座は後ろに下げられました。","The temple’s principal object of worship was originally placed directly under the raised ceiling, but the altar was later moved back to make room for services that require walking in circles in the inner sanctuary while chanting sutras."]
[6294,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","人物・人名・役職名","厄除千手観音","やくよけせんじゅかんのん","Yakuyoke Senju Kannon","ご本尊は厄除千手観音（不吉を退ける千手観音）、厄から守ってくれるといわれる慈悲の菩薩です。","The principal object of worship is Yakuyoke Senju Kannon (“Thousand-Armed Kannon That Wards Off Evil”), the bodhisattva of compassion believed to offer protection from misfortune."]
[6295,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","人物・人名・役職名","飛雲観音","ひうんかんのん","Hiun Kannon","本堂で注目すべき他の像としては、空の旅の守護者である飛雲観音、母子の守護者である訶梨帝菩薩が挙げられます。","Other notable statues in the hall include the bodhisattva Hiun Kannon, the guardian of air travel, and the bodhisattva Karitei, the protector of motherhood and children."]
[6296,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","人物・人名・役職名","訶梨帝菩薩","かりていぼさつ","bodhisattva Karitei","本堂で注目すべき他の像としては、空の旅の守護者である飛雲観音、母子の守護者である訶梨帝菩薩が挙げられます。","Other notable statues in the hall include the bodhisattva Hiun Kannon, the guardian of air travel, and the bodhisattva Karitei, the protector of motherhood and children."]
[6297,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","地蔵堂","じぞうどう","Jizodo Hall ","地蔵堂は、1922年に愛宕念仏寺が今の場所に移動された後に建てられました。","The Jizodo Hall was built after Otagi Nenbutsuji was moved to its current location in 1922."]
[6298,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","人物・人名・役職名","延命・火除地蔵菩薩","えんめい・ひよけじぞうぼさつ","Enmei Hiyoke Jizo","この中には、火災から身を守り、長寿祈願を聞き入れると言われている地蔵菩薩である延命・火除地蔵菩薩の像が祀られています。","It enshrines a statue of Enmei Hiyoke Jizo, a form of the bodhisattva Jizo said to protect against fire and to grant long life. "]
[6299,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","天台宗","てんだいしゅう","Tendai school","延命・火除地蔵菩薩の左右には、西村公朝によって彫られた、愛宕念仏寺が属する天台宗にとって重要な歴史上の人物を表した像があります。","On either side of Enmei Hiyoke Jizo are statues carved by Kocho himself, depicting historic figures important to the Tendai school of Buddhism to which Otagi Nenbutsuji belongs."]
[6300,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","人物・人名・役職名","天台大師","てんだいだいし","Tendai Daishi ","右の像は、中国の神学者であり、中国天台宗の開祖であった天台大師（智顗、538～597）を表しています。","The right statue portrays Tendai Daishi (Chinese: Zhiyi; 538–597), the Chinese theologian and founder of Tiantai Buddhism."]
[6301,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","人物・人名・役職名","伝教大師","でんぎょうだいし","Dengyo Daishi ","左の像は、中国で中国天台宗の教えを学んだ後に天台宗を開いたとされる日本の僧侶で、最澄とも呼ばれている伝教大師（767～822）の像です。","The left statue is of Dengyo Daishi (767–822), also known as Saicho, the Japanese monk credited with establishing the Tendai school after studying Tiantai Buddhist teachings in China."]
[6302,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","人物・人名・役職名","最澄","さいちょう","Saicho","左の像は、中国で中国天台宗の教えを学んだ後に天台宗を開いたとされる日本の僧侶で、最澄とも呼ばれている伝教大師（767～822）の像です。","The left statue is of Dengyo Daishi (767–822), also known as Saicho, the Japanese monk credited with establishing the Tendai school after studying Tiantai Buddhist teachings in China."]
[6303,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","ふれ愛観音堂","ふれあいかんのんどう","Fureai Kannondo Hall","ふれ愛観音堂は、触ってもいいようにデザインされた仏像を祀っています。","The Fureai Kannondo Hall enshrines a Buddhist statue that was designed to be touched. "]
[6304,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","その他","ふれあい","ふれあい","fureai","文字通りの「触れること」と概念的な「つながり」の両方を意味する「ふれあい」のコンセプトを体現して、この像はふれ愛観音と名付けられました。","It embodies the concept of fureai, which includes both literal touch and figurative connectedness, and was thus named Fureai Kannon.","※「fureai」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[6305,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","ふれ愛観音","ふれあいかんのん","Fureai Kannon","文字通りの「触れること」と概念的な「つながり」の両方を意味する「ふれあい」のコンセプトを体現して、この像はふれ愛観音と名付けられました。","It embodies the concept of fureai, which includes both literal touch and figurative connectedness, and was thus named Fureai Kannon."]
[6306,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","鐘楼","しょうろう","bell tower ","寺院の入口から本堂へ続く階段の途中にあるのは、3つの金色の鐘が下がった鐘楼です。","Along the stairway from the temple entrance to the main hall is a bell tower with three golden bells. "]
[6307,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","三宝の釣鐘","さんぼうのつりがね","Sanbo no Tsurigane ","それらの鐘は三宝の釣鐘（三つの宝の鐘）として知られており、仏教の「三宝」と言われている、佛、法、僧を表しています。","They are known as Sanbo no Tsurigane (“Bells of the Three Treasures”) and represent the so-called three treasures of Buddhism: the Buddha, the dharma, and the sangha. "]
[6308,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","三宝","さんぼう","three treasures of Buddhism","それらの鐘は三宝の釣鐘（三つの宝の鐘）として知られており、仏教の「三宝」と言われている、佛、法、僧を表しています。","They are known as Sanbo no Tsurigane (“Bells of the Three Treasures”) and represent the so-called three treasures of Buddhism: the Buddha, the dharma, and the sangha. "]
[6309,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","佛","ぶつ\n\n（※佛法僧でセットになっている時は「ぶっ」）","Buddha","「佛」は釈迦（ガウタマ・シッダールタ）のように悟りを開いた人を意味し、「法」は仏の教えと宇宙の自然律を表し、「僧」は自らの信仰を実践し広める仏教徒の集団です。","“Buddha” refers to those who have reached enlightenment like Siddhartha Gautama, the historical Buddha; “dharma” represents Buddhist teachings and the natural order of the universe; and “sangha” is the community of followers who practice and spread those beliefs."]
[6310,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","法","ほう\n\n（※佛法僧でセットになっている時は「ぽう」）","dharma","「佛」は釈迦（ガウタマ・シッダールタ）のように悟りを開いた人を意味し、「法」は仏の教えと宇宙の自然律を表し、「僧」は自らの信仰を実践し広める仏教徒の集団です。","“Buddha” refers to those who have reached enlightenment like Siddhartha Gautama, the historical Buddha; “dharma” represents Buddhist teachings and the natural order of the universe; and “sangha” is the community of followers who practice and spread those beliefs."]
[6311,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","僧","そう","sangha","「佛」は釈迦（ガウタマ・シッダールタ）のように悟りを開いた人を意味し、「法」は仏の教えと宇宙の自然律を表し、「僧」は自らの信仰を実践し広める仏教徒の集団です。","“Buddha” refers to those who have reached enlightenment like Siddhartha Gautama, the historical Buddha; “dharma” represents Buddhist teachings and the natural order of the universe; and “sangha” is the community of followers who practice and spread those beliefs."]
[6312,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","人物・人名・役職名","釈迦","しゃか","Siddhartha Gautama","仏教の美術や物語において羅漢は、ガウタマ・シッダールタ（歴史上の仏陀、紀元前5世紀から4世紀頃）が完全な涅槃に達したとき、彼の臨終に立ち会ったと言われる五百羅漢のように、特定の人数の集団としてしばしば表現されます。","In Buddhist art and stories they are often depicted in groups of specific numbers, like the 500 arhats said to have been present at the death of Siddhartha Gautama, the historical Buddha (ca. fifth to fourth century BCE), when he entered complete nirvana."]
[6313,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","涅槃","ねはん","nirvana","仏教の美術や物語において羅漢は、ガウタマ・シッダールタ（歴史上の仏陀、紀元前5世紀から4世紀頃）が完全な涅槃に達したとき、彼の臨終に立ち会ったと言われる五百羅漢のように、特定の人数の集団としてしばしば表現されます。","In Buddhist art and stories they are often depicted in groups of specific numbers, like the 500 arhats said to have been present at the death of Siddhartha Gautama, the historical Buddha (ca. fifth to fourth century BCE), when he entered complete nirvana."]
[6314,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","あだし野念仏寺","あだしのねんぶつじ","Adashino Nenbutsuji Temple ","あだし野念仏寺は、京都西部の嵯峨嵐山の奥にある奥嵯峨の山中にある化野の地に位置しています。","Adashino Nenbutsuji Temple is located in the Adashino area in the mountains of Okusaga, just past Saga-Arashiyama in western Kyoto."]
[6315,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","集落・街","化野","あだしの","Adashino ","あだし野念仏寺は、京都西部の嵯峨嵐山の奥にある奥嵯峨の山中にある化野の地に位置しています。","Adashino Nenbutsuji Temple is located in the Adashino area in the mountains of Okusaga, just past Saga-Arashiyama in western Kyoto."]
[6316,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","人物・人名・役職名","空海","くうかい","Kukai","真言宗の開祖である空海（774～835）が、この地に埋葬された人々の霊を祀るため、約1200年前にこの地区に寺院を創建したと言われています。","It is said that Kukai (774–835), the founder of the Shingon school of Buddhism, established a temple in the area about 1,200 years ago to pray for the souls of the people buried there."]
[6317,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","真言","しんごん","Shingon school","真言宗の開祖である空海（774～835）が、この地に埋葬された人々の霊を祀るため、約1200年前にこの地区に寺院を創建したと言われています。","It is said that Kukai (774–835), the founder of the Shingon school of Buddhism, established a temple in the area about 1,200 years ago to pray for the souls of the people buried there."]
[6318,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","人物・人名・役職名","法然","ほうねん","Honen","その後、日本の浄土宗の開祖である法然（1133～1212）は、この寺院を、念仏と呼ばれる祈願の形式を修行する寺院へと転換させました。念仏とは、極楽浄土へ生まれ変われるよう阿弥陀如来の名前を唱えるものです。","Later, Honen (1133–1212), the founder of Japanese Pure Land Buddhism, transformed it into a temple that practiced a form of prayer called nenbutsu, a ritual recitation of the name of Amida Buddha to ensure one’s rebirth in a paradise-like realm."]
[6319,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","浄土宗","じょうどしゅう","Pure Land Buddhism","その後、日本の浄土宗の開祖である法然（1133～1212）は、この寺院を、念仏と呼ばれる祈願の形式を修行する寺院へと転換させました。念仏とは、極楽浄土へ生まれ変われるよう阿弥陀如来の名前を唱えるものです。","Later, Honen (1133–1212), the founder of Japanese Pure Land Buddhism, transformed it into a temple that practiced a form of prayer called nenbutsu, a ritual recitation of the name of Amida Buddha to ensure one’s rebirth in a paradise-like realm."]
[6320,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","念仏","ねんぶつ","nenbutsu","その後、日本の浄土宗の開祖である法然（1133～1212）は、この寺院を、念仏と呼ばれる祈願の形式を修行する寺院へと転換させました。念仏とは、極楽浄土へ生まれ変われるよう阿弥陀如来の名前を唱えるものです。","Later, Honen (1133–1212), the founder of Japanese Pure Land Buddhism, transformed it into a temple that practiced a form of prayer called nenbutsu, a ritual recitation of the name of Amida Buddha to ensure one’s rebirth in a paradise-like realm.","※「nenbutsu」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[6321,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","人物・人名・役職名","阿弥陀如来","あみだにょらい","Amida Buddha ","あだし野念仏寺の本堂は1712年に建てられたもので、本尊である鎌倉時代（1185～1333）の阿弥陀如来像を祀っています。","The main hall of Adashino Nenbutsuji was constructed in 1712 and enshrines the temple’s principal object of worship, a statue of Amida Buddha from the Kamakura period (1185–1333)."]
[6322,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","十一面観音","じゅういちめんかんのん","Juichimen Kannon","本堂の左側には、十一の頭を持つ姿をした慈悲の菩薩である十一面観音の像があります。","On the left side of the hall is a statue of Juichimen Kannon, the bodhisattva of compassion in an eleven-headed form."]
[6323,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","半跏","はんか","half-lotus position ","右側には、片足を下げ、台座から立ち上がろうとしているように見える、もう1体の阿弥陀如来半跏像があります。","On the right side is another statue of Amida seated in the half-lotus position with one leg down, seeming about to rise from the pedestal."]
[6324,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","台座","だいざ","pedestal","右側には、片足を下げ、台座から立ち上がろうとしているように見える、もう1体の阿弥陀如来半跏像があります。","On the right side is another statue of Amida seated in the half-lotus position with one leg down, seeming about to rise from the pedestal."]
[6325,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","西院の河原","さいのかわら","Sai no Kawara","境内の中央に、西院の河原と呼ばれる低い石垣に囲まれた専用の空間があります。","In the center of the temple precincts is a dedicated space enclosed by low stone walls called Sai no Kawara. ","※この場合の「西院」の読み方は「さい」である。次項目の「賽の河原」とは異なる、境内の一部を示す固有名詞である。"]
[6326,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","賽の河原","さいのかわら","Sai no Kawara","この場所の名前は、賽の河原と呼ばれる仏教の苦難の場の俗説的な描写になぞらえていることに由来しています。","The name of the site comes from its resemblance to folk depictions of a Buddhist purgatory called Sai no Kawara. ","※仏教のコンセプトを示す固有名詞であり、前項目の「西院の河原」とは異なる。"]
[6327,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","石仏・石塔","せきぶつ・せきとう","stone grave markers","ここは、何世紀にもわたって化野エリアに置かれていた約8000の石仏・石塔が安置されている供養の場です。","It is a memorial site with approximately 8,000 stone grave markers that were placed throughout the Adashino area over the centuries."]
[6328,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","五重塔","ごじゅうのとう","five-tier pagoda","ここに集められた石仏・石塔はきちんと配列して安祀されており、小型の五重塔、丸い墓石、簡素な仏像などの形をしています。","The markers gathered there are lined up in neat rows and include miniature five-tier pagodas, rounded headstones, and simple statues of Buddhist deities."]
[6329,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","十三重塔","じゅうさんじゅうのとう","thirteen-tier pagoda","その中央では十三重塔が高くそびえており、阿弥陀如来の座像がこの場所を見守っています。","A tall, thirteen-tier pagoda is placed in the center, and a seated statue of Amida Buddha overlooks the site."]
[6330,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","年中行事","千灯供養","せんとうくよう","Sento Kuyo","千灯供養と呼ばれる特別な供養が、毎年8月末に西院の河原で行われています。","A special memorial service called Sento Kuyo is held at the Sai no Kawara site each year at the end of August."]
[6331,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","仏舎利塔","ぶっしゃりとう","stupa (bussharito)","境内の一番東側には、故人の遺骨を最終的に納める場である納骨堂としての役割を果たす、大きなドーム型でレンガ造りの仏舎利塔があります。","At the easternmost area of the temple grounds is a large, dome-shaped brick stupa (bussharito) that serves as an ossuary: a final resting place for bones of the deceased.","※「bussharito」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\n「stupa」を使用することも可能。"]
[6332,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","納骨堂","のうこつどう","ossuary","境内の一番東側には、故人の遺骨を最終的に納める場である納骨堂としての役割を果たす、大きなドーム型でレンガ造りの仏舎利塔があります。","At the easternmost area of the temple grounds is a large, dome-shaped brick stupa (bussharito) that serves as an ossuary: a final resting place for bones of the deceased."]
[6333,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","トラナ","とらな","torana","仏舎利塔のすぐ南には、同様にインドにあるものの複製である、儀式に用いる石門のトラナが高くそびえ立っています。","Just south of the stupa stands a torana, a tall ceremonial stone gateway also replicating those found in India.","※「torana」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[6334,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","植物","孟宗竹","もうそうちく","moso bamboo","本堂を抜けて少し行った所に、孟宗竹の豊かな木立が両側に並ぶ石段があります。","A short distance past the main hall is a stone stairway lined on both sides by a thick grove of moso bamboo.","※「moso」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[6335,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","集落・街","嵯峨野竹林","さがのちくりん","Sagano Bamboo Forest","あだし野念仏寺境内の中にあるこの風光明媚な場所は、この近くにある人気の嵐山の嵯峨野竹林よりも規模が小さく、少し離れたところにありますが、嵯峨野竹林に劣らず美しいです。","This scenic part of the Adashino Nenbutsuji temple grounds is smaller and slightly more remote than the popular Sagano Bamboo Forest nearby in Arashiyama, but is no less beautiful."]
[6336,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","集落・街","嵐山","あらしやま","Arashiyama","あだし野念仏寺境内の中にあるこの風光明媚な場所は、この近くにある人気の嵐山の嵯峨野竹林よりも規模が小さく、少し離れたところにありますが、嵯峨野竹林に劣らず美しいです。","This scenic part of the Adashino Nenbutsuji temple grounds is smaller and slightly more remote than the popular Sagano Bamboo Forest nearby in Arashiyama, but is no less beautiful."]
[6337,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","集落・街","嵯峨鳥居本","さがとりいもと","Saga Toriimoto","嵯峨鳥居本の風光明媚な町は、愛宕神社に至る古い参道に沿って、京都西部の奥嵯峨地域にあります。","The scenic town of Saga Toriimoto lies in the Okusaga area of western Kyoto along an ancient pilgrimage route to Atago Shrine."]
[6338,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","愛宕神社","あたごじんじゃ","Atago Shrine","嵯峨鳥居本の風光明媚な町は、愛宕神社に至る古い参道に沿って、京都西部の奥嵯峨地域にあります。","The scenic town of Saga Toriimoto lies in the Okusaga area of western Kyoto along an ancient pilgrimage route to Atago Shrine."]
[6339,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","建造物等","渡月橋","とげつきょう","Togetsukyo Bridge","渡月橋や天龍寺、嵯峨野竹林などの嵐山の人気スポットから約30分歩くと、愛宕山の麓へたどり着きます。","A 30-minute walk from such popular spots in Arashiyama as the Togetsukyo Bridge, Tenryuji Temple, and the Sagano Bamboo Forest takes visitors to the foot of Mt. Atago."]
[6340,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","天龍寺","てんりゅうじ","Tenryuji Temple","渡月橋や天龍寺、嵯峨野竹林などの嵐山の人気スポットから約30分歩くと、愛宕山の麓へたどり着きます。","A 30-minute walk from such popular spots in Arashiyama as the Togetsukyo Bridge, Tenryuji Temple, and the Sagano Bamboo Forest takes visitors to the foot of Mt. Atago."]
[6341,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","集落・街","伝統的建造物群保存地区","でんとうてきけんぞうぶつぐんほぞんちく","Important Preservation District for Groups of Traditional Buildings","嵯峨鳥居本のメインストリートには、よく手入れされた19世紀から20世紀初頭の建造物が多く存在するため、1979年に、京都の4か所の伝統的建造物群保存地区の1つとして国の選定を受けました。","Many well-maintained houses from the nineteenth to the early twentieth century line the main street of Saga Toriimoto, and the area was nationally designated one of Kyoto’s four Important Preservation Districts for Groups of Traditional Buildings in 1979."]
[6342,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","建造物等","町家","まちや","townhouse","格子窓、漆喰壁、そして瓦葺屋根または茅葺屋根のある伝統的な町家と農家が両方あることが、この地区の特徴です。","It features a mix of traditional townhouses and farmers’ houses with latticed windows, stucco walls, and tiled or thatched roofs."]
[6343,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","建造物等","農家","のうか","farmers’ house","格子窓、漆喰壁、そして瓦葺屋根または茅葺屋根のある伝統的な町家と農家が両方あることが、この地区の特徴です。","It features a mix of traditional townhouses and farmers’ houses with latticed windows, stucco walls, and tiled or thatched roofs."]
[6344,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","建造物等","格子窓","こうしまど","latticed window","格子窓、漆喰壁、そして瓦葺屋根または茅葺屋根のある伝統的な町家と農家が両方あることが、この地区の特徴です。","It features a mix of traditional townhouses and farmers’ houses with latticed windows, stucco walls, and tiled or thatched roofs."]
[6345,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","建造物等","漆喰壁","しっくいかべ","stucco wall","格子窓、漆喰壁、そして瓦葺屋根または茅葺屋根のある伝統的な町家と農家が両方あることが、この地区の特徴です。","It features a mix of traditional townhouses and farmers’ houses with latticed windows, stucco walls, and tiled or thatched roofs."]
[6346,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","建造物等","瓦葺屋根","かわらぶきやね","tiled roof","格子窓、漆喰壁、そして瓦葺屋根または茅葺屋根のある伝統的な町家と農家が両方あることが、この地区の特徴です。","It features a mix of traditional townhouses and farmers’ houses with latticed windows, stucco walls, and tiled or thatched roofs."]
[6347,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","建造物等","茅葺屋根","かやぶきやね","thatched roof","格子窓、漆喰壁、そして瓦葺屋根または茅葺屋根のある伝統的な町家と農家が両方あることが、この地区の特徴です。","It features a mix of traditional townhouses and farmers’ houses with latticed windows, stucco walls, and tiled or thatched roofs."]
[6348,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","集落・街","門前町","もんぜんまち","shrine town","16世紀末には、農林業や漁業の集落がすでにここに存在していましたが、愛宕神社への参拝者が増えるにつれ、その旅行者のニーズに応じた門前町へと発展しました。","A settlement of farmers, foresters, and fishermen already existed there by the end of the sixteenth century, but as the number of pilgrims to Atago Shrine grew, the settlement developed into a shrine town that catered to the needs of travelers. "]
[6349,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","博物館・美術館","嵯峨鳥居本町並み保存館","さがとりいもとまちなみほぞんかん","Saga Toriimoto Town Preservation Center","嵯峨鳥居本町並み保存館は、元々は明治時代（1868～1912）初頭に建てられた町家でした。","The Saga Toriimoto Town Preservation Center was originally a merchant house dating back to the early Meiji era (1868–1912)."]
[6350,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","建造物等","虫籠窓","むしこまど","“insect cage” window (mushiko mado)","その外観は、1階の細かい格子、2階の白い漆喰壁と土塗りの“虫かごのような”窓（虫籠窓）、瓦葺屋根の大きな煙出しを特徴としています。","Its exterior features fine latticework on the ground floor, a second story with white stucco walls and slatted “insect cage” windows (mushiko mado), and a big chimney atop a tiled roof. ","※「mushiko mado」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[6351,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","建造物等","煙出し","けむりだし","chimney","その外観は、1階の細かい格子、2階の白い漆喰壁と土塗りの“虫かごのような”窓（虫籠窓）、瓦葺屋根の大きな煙出しを特徴としています。","Its exterior features fine latticework on the ground floor, a second story with white stucco walls and slatted “insect cage” windows (mushiko mado), and a big chimney atop a tiled roof. "]
[6352,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","建造物等","くど","くど","cooking hearth","内部には、大きなくど、屋内井戸、そして庭に面してつながった部屋があります。","The interior contains a large cooking hearth, an indoor well, and several connected rooms that look out onto a garden."]
[6353,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","山岳","曼荼羅山","まんだらやま","Mt. Mandara","また、毎年夏の8月16日に5つの様々な形のかがり火が焚かれる京都の有名な「五山の送り火」の一つとして、小さな炎を並べて大きな鳥居形を描く曼荼羅山も、そのジオラマの中に描かれています。","Also depicted is Mt. Mandara, where small fires lined up in the shape of a giant torii gate are lit each summer on August 16th as part of Kyoto’s famous Gozan no Okuribi festival, which includes five such sites lighting fires in various shapes."]
[6354,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","年中行事","五山の送り火","ござんのおくりび","Gozan no Okuribi","また、毎年夏の8月16日に5つの様々な形のかがり火が焚かれる京都の有名な「五山の送り火」の一つとして、小さな炎を並べて大きな鳥居形を描く曼荼羅山も、そのジオラマの中に描かれています。","Also depicted is Mt. Mandara, where small fires lined up in the shape of a giant torii gate are lit each summer on August 16th as part of Kyoto’s famous Gozan no Okuribi festival, which includes five such sites lighting fires in various shapes."]
[6355,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","祇王寺","ぎおうじ","Gioji Temple","かつて尼寺であった祇王寺は、京都西部の嵯峨嵐山の奥にある奥嵯峨地域の山腹に佇んでいます。","Gioji Temple is a former nunnery nestled in the hills of the Okusaga area, which lies just past Saga-Arashiyama in western Kyoto."]
[6356,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","尼寺","あまでら","nunnery ","かつて尼寺であった祇王寺は、京都西部の嵯峨嵐山の奥にある奥嵯峨地域の山腹に佇んでいます。","Gioji Temple is a former nunnery nestled in the hills of the Okusaga area, which lies just past Saga-Arashiyama in western Kyoto."]
[6357,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","建造物等","草庵","そうあん","thatched-roof building","素朴な草庵を取り囲む緑豊かな苔とモミジの庭園で有名です。","The temple is known for its garden of lush moss and maple trees that frame a rustic, thatched-roof building."]
[6358,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","人物・人名・役職名","祇王","ぎおう","Gio","祇王寺の歴史は、後に尼となった舞踊家の祇王との強い結びつきもあり、祇王の物語は13世紀の軍記物語の傑作である『平家物語』に詳しく書かれています。","Its history has a strong connection to Gio, a court dancer turned nun, whose story is detailed in Heike Monogatari (The Tale of the Heike), a classic thirteenth-century epic."]
[6359,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","書物","平家物語","へいけものがたり","Heike Monogatari (The Tale of the Heike)","祇王寺の歴史は、後に尼となった舞踊家の祇王との強い結びつきもあり、祇王の物語は13世紀の軍記物語の傑作である『平家物語』に詳しく書かれています。","Its history has a strong connection to Gio, a court dancer turned nun, whose story is detailed in Heike Monogatari (The Tale of the Heike), a classic thirteenth-century epic."]
[6360,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","白拍子","しらびょうし","shirabyoshi","平家物語によると、祇王は、京都で最も権勢を誇った武将である平清盛（1118～1181）の寵愛を得た才能のある舞踊家（白拍子）でした。","According to the story, Gio was a talented court dancer (shirabyoshi) who won the heart of Taira no Kiyomori (1118–1181), a military leader and one of the most powerful men in Kyoto.","※「shirabyoshi」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[6361,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","人物・人名・役職名","仏御前","ほとけごぜん","Hotoke Gozen","祇王は数年間は清盛の寵愛を受けていましたが、清盛はその後、仏御前という名の若い白拍子に心変わりしました。","Though she enjoyed his favor for several years, he eventually turned his attentions to a younger dancer named Hotoke Gozen. "]
[6362,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","人物・人名・役職名","刀自","とじ","Toji","悲しみに打ちひしがれた祇王は自害を考えましたが、最終的に都を離れ、母の刀自と妹の祇女と共に尼になる道を選びました。","Humiliated, Gio contemplated suicide, but ultimately chose to leave the capital and become a nun together with her mother Toji and sister Gijo. "]
[6363,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","人物・人名・役職名","祇女","ぎじょ","Gijo","悲しみに打ちひしがれた祇王は自害を考えましたが、最終的に都を離れ、母の刀自と妹の祇女と共に尼になる道を選びました。","Humiliated, Gio contemplated suicide, but ultimately chose to leave the capital and become a nun together with her mother Toji and sister Gijo. ","※「ぎにょ」という読み方もあるが、祇王寺の場合は「ぎじょ」。"]
[6364,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","往生院","おうじょういん","Ojoin Temple","彼女たちは、奥嵯峨地域にあった往生院と呼ばれる大きな寺院の境内の草庵に住み、祈りに人生を捧げました。","They settled in a small hut on the grounds of a large temple called Ojoin in the Okusaga area and dedicated their lives to prayer. "]
[6365,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神仏分離","しんぶつぶんり","separation of Shinto and Buddhist religious practice","往生院が荒廃した後も、明治政府が1868年に神仏分離を命じたことにより仏教寺院が衰退するまで、その尼寺は活動を続けていました。","Even after Ojoin itself fell into disrepair, the nunnery remained active until the Meiji government ordered the separation of Shinto and Buddhist religious practice in 1868, after which Buddhist temples fell out of favor. "]
[6366,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大覚寺","だいかくじ","Daikakuji Temple","1895年、祇王寺の仏像などを保管していた近隣の大覚寺の支援を受けて、祇王寺は再建されました。","In 1895, Gioji was reestablished with the support of the nearby Daikakuji Temple, which had been keeping its sacred objects safe. "]
[6367,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","人物・人名・役職名","大日如来","だいにちにょらい","Dainichi Buddha","現在この建物には、大日如来が本尊として祀られており、その両脇には、祇王、祇女、刀自、仏御前、そして清盛の像が安置されています。","It now houses a statue of Dainichi Buddha as the principal object of worship, surrounded by statues of Gio, Gijo, Toji, Hotoke Gozen, and Kiyomori."]
[6368,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","石灯籠","いしどうろう","stone lantern","庭園の小道は、常緑の椿、曲がりくねった小川、垣根のすぐ向こうにある竹林、そして石灯籠や水琴窟などの伝統的な景観装飾の間を通りながら蛇行しています。","The garden path meanders past evergreen camellias, a small winding stream, a bamboo grove just beyond the fence line, and traditional landscape decorations of stone lanterns and water basins. "]
[6369,"京都府","奥嵯峨観光協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","手水鉢","ちょうずばち","water basin","庭園の小道は、常緑の椿、曲がりくねった小川、垣根のすぐ向こうにある竹林、そして石灯籠や手水鉢などの伝統的な景観装飾の間を通りながら蛇行しています。","The garden path meanders past evergreen camellias, a small winding stream, a bamboo grove just beyond the fence line, and traditional landscape decorations of stone lanterns and water basins. "]
[6370,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","史跡","赤坂今井墳墓","あかさかいまいふんぼ","Akasaka-Imai Tomb","赤坂今井墳墓は、古代の丹後王国を支配した有力な権力者の墓です。","The Akasaka-Imai Tomb is the burial site of a powerful leader of an ancient kingdom of this area, historically known as Tango."]
[6371,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","史跡","神明山古墳","しんめいやまこふん","Shinmeiyama Tomb","神明山古墳は、4世紀末～5世紀初頭に古代丹後王国の支配者のために建てられたとされる、鍵穴型の古墳です。","The Shinmeiyama Tomb is a keyhole-shaped burial mound created sometime between the late fourth and early fifth century, presumably built for the ruler of an ancient Tango kingdom."]
[6372,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","史跡","産土山古墳","うぶすなやまこふん","Ubusunayama Tomb","産土山古墳は、5世紀半ばに作られた大きな円形の古墳です。","The Ubusunayama Tomb is a large round burial mound that was built in the mid-fifth century."]
[6373,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","史跡","葺石","ふきいし","fukiishi","古墳は丸い石（葺石）で覆われ、周囲は埴輪で飾られています。","The mound was covered in round stones called fukiishi, and was decorated with haniwa (terracotta funerary objects)."]
[6374,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","集落・街","ちりめん街道","ちりめんかいどう","Chirimen Kaido","旧丹後国の加悦地方で、歴史的に重要な通りであるちりめん街道は、この地域のちりめん産業の貿易と流通の中心地として有名になりました。","Chirimen Kaido, a historically important street in the Kaya region of former Tango Province (present-day northern Kyoto Prefecture), rose to prominence as a center of trade and distribution hub for the region’s chirimen silk crepe industry."]
[6375,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","工芸・美術品","ちりめん","ちりめん","chirimen","ちりめん街道は、この地域で盛んなちりめん産業にちなんで名付けられた歴史的に重要な商業と流通の中心地です。","Chirimen Kaido is a historically important merchant street and distribution hub named for the region’s prosperous silk crepe (chirimen) industry.","※ちりめん街道と異なり一般名詞のためイタリックで表記"]
[6376,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","建造物等","尾藤家住宅","びとうけじゅうたく","Bito residence","尾藤家住宅は1863年から1865年の間に建てられ、1980年になるまで4世代にわたり一族が住んでいました。","The Bito residence was built between 1863 and 1865, and four generations of the family lived here until 1980."]
[6377,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","建造物等","旧加悦町役場庁舎","きゅうかやちょうやくばちょうしゃ","Former Kaya Town Hall","旧加悦町役場庁舎は加悦地方の中心として機能し、歴史的に重要な商店街であるちりめん街道の北側の入り口にあります。","The Former Kaya Town Hall building stands at the northern entrance to Chirimen Kaido, a historically important merchant street that served as a hub for the greater Kaya region. "]
[6378,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","植物","滝のツバキ","たきのつばき"," Taki Camellia ","滝のツバキとは、かつて滝と呼ばれていた地域にあるヤブツバキがその名前の由来となっています。","The Taki Camellia is an ancient Japanese camellia (yabu-tsubaki) tree located in a region formerly known as Taki."]
[6379,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","年中行事","曳山","ひきやま","hikiyama floats","精巧に装飾された曳山がその祭りの見どころです。","Elaborately decorated hikiyama floats are the main attraction. "]
[6380,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","年中行事","後野の屋台行事","うしろののやたいぎょうじ","Ushirono Float Festival","後野の屋台行事は、京都府有形民俗文化財に登録されています。","The Ushirono Float Festival has been registered as an Intangible Folk Cultural Property by Kyoto Prefecture."]
[6381,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","山岳","君尾山","きみのおさん","Mt. Kimino-o ","その寺は、 かつて72の寺院が立ち並んでいた君尾山のそばにあります。","The temple lies on the side of Mt. Kimino-o , where a total of 72 Buddhist temples once stood."]
[6382,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","史跡","私市円山古墳","きさいちまるやまこふん","Kisaichi Maruyama Tomb","私市円山古墳は、5世紀半ばに造られた3層構造の大きな丸い古墳です。","The Kisaichi Maruyama Tomb is a large three-tiered, round burial mound from the mid-fifth century. "]
[6383,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","工芸・美術品","黒谷和紙","くろたにわし","Kurotani Washi","黒谷和紙は、京都府北部の黒谷地方で約800年にわたって手作りされてきた和紙です。","Kurotani Washi is Japanese paper (washi) that has been handmade in the Kurotani area of northern Kyoto Prefecture for approximately 800 years."]
[6384,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大本","おおもと","Oomoto","大本は1892年に綾部で設立された、神道をルーツに持つ宗教です。","Oomoto is a religion with Shinto roots that was founded in Ayabe in 1892. "]
[6385,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","みろく殿","みろくでん","Mirokuden ","みろく殿は1953年に作られた大本の礼拝堂で、梅松苑最古の建物となっています。","Mirokuden is an Oomoto worship hall that was constructed in 1953 and is Baishoen’s oldest building. "]
[6386,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","文殊菩薩","もんじゅぼさつ","Monju","知恩寺は天橋立の南側の入り口にある、知恵の仏である文殊菩薩を祀っている寺です。","Chionji Temple is located at the southern entrance to the Amanohashidate sandbar and is dedicated to Monju, the bodhisattva of wisdom. "]
[6387,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","人物・人名・役職名","豊受大神","とようけのおおみかみ","Toyouke no Omikami","日本の神話によると、元伊勢籠神社は食物の神である豊受大神が鎮座されていたところです。","According to legend, Motoise Kono Jinja is where the deity of agriculture, Toyouke no Omikami, once resided."]
[6388,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","海部氏系図","あまべしけいず","Amabe genealogy","元伊勢籠神社には、祖先の神から9世紀後半までの皇室の系譜をたどる、現存する中で最古の系図、海部氏系図が保存されています。","Motoise Kono Jinja is in possession of Japan’s oldest existing genealogical record, the Amabe genealogy, which traces the imperial lineage from ancestral deities (kami) to the late ninth century. "]
[6389,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","建造物等","旧三上家住宅","きゅうみかみけじゅうたく","Former Mikami Residence","旧三上家住宅は、宮津がまだ城下町だった1783年に建てられた商家の大邸宅です。","The Former Mikami Residence is a large mercantile home that was built in 1783 in Miyazu when it was still a castle town."]
[6390,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","カトリック宮津教会","かとりっくみやずきょうかい","Miyazu Catholic Church","1896年に建てられたカトリック宮津教会は、教会建築のユニークな例です。","Miyazu Catholic Church is a distinctive example of ecclesiastical architecture from 1896. "]
[6391,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","建造物等","清輝楼","せいきろう","Seikiro Ryokan","清輝楼は、17世紀後半に宮津の城下町に創業しました。","The Seikiro Ryokan inn opened in the castle town of Miyazu in the late seventeenth century. "]
[6392,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","建造物等","ふすま絵","ふすまえ","fusuma-e","3階の宴会場は鈴木百年（1828－1891）のふすま絵で飾られ、12か月の自然の風景が描かれています。","The third-floor banquet hall is decorated with fusuma-e (paintings on sliding partition panels) by Suzuki Hyakunen (1828–1891), depicting nature scenes from each month of the year."]
[6393,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","建造物等","茶六本館","ちゃろくほんかん","Charoku","茶六本館は、1716年に宮津の城下町に創業した旅館です。","Charoku is an inn that first opened in the castle town of Miyazu in 1716. "]
[6394,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","工芸・美術品","天橋立図","あまのはしだてず","View of Amanohashidate","雪舟等楊（1420-1506）による有名な「天橋立図」には、金堂や五重塔など16世紀初頭の丹後国分寺の景観が描かれています。","The temple as it existed at the turn of the sixteenth century, including the main hall and five-storied pagoda, can be seen in the renowned View of Amanohashidate, a painting by Sesshu Toyo (1420–1506)."]
[6395,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","丹後国分寺","たんごこくぶんじ","Tango Kokubunji Temple","丹後国分寺は、聖武天皇（  701～756）の治世下で各地に建立された寺院の一つとして741年に創建されました。","Tango Kokubunji Temple was established in 741 as one of dozens of provincial temples built under Emperor Shomu (701–756 )."]
[6396,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","念持仏","ねんじぶつ","nenjibutsu","大頂寺はこの本庄家とのつながりから、桂昌院が江戸城でいつも祈っていた「念持仏」を受け継いでいます。","Due to Daichoji’s ties to the Honjo family, the temple inherited the Buddhist image (nenjibutsu) that Keishoin regularly prayed to during her time at Edo Castle."]
[6397,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","檀那寺","だんなでら","family temple","盛林寺は、1577年に上宮津城の城主の檀那寺として建立されました。","Seirinji was originally established as a family temple for the ruler of Kamimiyazu Castle in 1577. "]
[6398,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","郷土景観","日本三景","にほんさんけい","Japan’s Three Scenic Views","天橋立は広島県の宮島、宮城県の松島とともに、江戸時代前期の儒学者であり江戸幕府に仕えた林鵞峰（1618年〜1680年）によって「日本三景」の1つに選ばれました。","Amanohashidate, along with Miyajima in Hiroshima Prefecture and Matsushima in Miyagi Prefecture, was named one of Japan’s Three Scenic Views (Nihon sankei) by neo-Confucian philosopher and government administrator Hayashi Gaho, also known as Hayashi Shunsai (1618–1680)."]
[6399,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","食","智恵の餅","ちえのもち","Wisdom Mochi ","智恵の餅は、600年以上の歴史を持つ天橋立の特別な和菓子で、お土産としても人気です。","Wisdom Mochi (chie no mochi), with over 600 years of history, is a special confection and popular souvenir of the Amanohashidate area."]
[6400,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","食","ぶりしゃぶ","ぶりしゃぶ","Buri shabu","ぶりしゃぶは、しゃぶしゃぶと呼ばれる調理法で卓上で調理する料理です。一口サイズにスライスした薄い切り身を、沸騰した昆布だしの鍋の中に短時間入れます。","Buri shabu is cooked at the table by the shabu-shabu method, in which thin bite-sized slices of the fish are briefly submerged in a pot of boiling kombu dashi broth."]
[6401,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","動物","ヒメマス","ひめます","Himemasu salmon","私たちヒメマスは、世界のさまざまな地域で「コカニーサーモン」と呼ばれる陸封型のサケの一種です。","We himemasu salmon are a species of landlocked salmon called kokanee salmon in some parts of the world.","「Kokanee salmon」はカナダ呼称である可能性があり（環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所より）アメリカ英語のスタンダードな表現を調査し「Himemasu salmon」としましたが、地域によっては「Kokanee salmon」と表現している場合もあります。"]
[6402,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","薬師堂","やくしどう","Yakushido Hall","薬師堂（薬と癒しの仏を祀ったお堂）は、大きな火災ののち、1794年に再建されました。","Yakushido Hall (dedicated to the Buddha Yakushi, buddha of medicine and healing) was rebuilt in 1794 after a devastating fire."]
[6403,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","開山堂","かいさんどう","Kaisando Hall","薬師堂の隣にある六角形の開山堂（創始者を祀ったお堂）も京都府指定文化財です。","The hexagonal Kaisando Hall, which is located next to Yakushido Hall, enshrines the temple’s founder. It is also a designated Cultural Property."]
[6404,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","工芸・美術品","丹後二俣和紙","たんごふたまたわし","Tango Futamata Paper","丹後二俣紙は、かつて丹後国の一部である二俣地域で生産されている和紙です。","Tango Futamata Paper is Japanese paper (washi) that is produced in the Futamata area, part of the former province of Tango."]
[6405,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","工芸・美術品","漆かき","うるしかき","Urushi harvesting","漆かきは、丹波地方で1300年以上の歴史がある技術です。","Urushi (lacquer) harvesting is a technique with a history of more than 1,300 years in the Tamba region. "]
[6406,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","工芸・美術品","漆かき職人","うるしかきしょくにん","urushi harvester","シーズンの初め、漆かき職人は地面と平行に切り込みをいれ、ヘラで樹液を掻き取りやすいように溝をつくります。","At the beginning of the season, urushi harvesters plan their cuts along the trunk, leaving two uncut vertical sections that run the length of the bark to allow water and nutrients to flow."]
[6407,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","工芸・美術品","丹波漆","たんばうるし","Tamba Urushi ","丹波漆はその高い品質で有名であり、その技術は数少ない漆かき職人によって代々大切に伝えられてきました。","Tamba Urushi is renowned for its high quality, and its long history is due to the great care taken by a small number of people passing on the harvesting techniques to successive generations. "]
[6408,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","建造物等","産屋","うぶや","ubuya ","産屋は、かつて出産の場所として使用されていた小さな茅葺き小屋です。","Ubuya are small thatched huts that were once used as the place for childbirth. "]
[6409,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","絵馬","えま","ema","神社には35の印象的な絵馬のコレクションがあります。","The shrine has an impressive collection of 35 ema (votive tablets)"]
[6410,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","子守砂","こやすのすな","koyasu no suna","これは子守砂（出産しやすくなる砂）と呼ばれ、縁起のいい物として神社でも授与されています。","This sand is known as koyasu no suna (“sand of easy childbirth”) and Obara Jinja includes it in good-luck charms."]
[6411,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","絵馬殿","えまでん","emaden ","神社の本殿と絵馬殿（絵馬を展示するための特別な建物）には、35の絵馬のコレクションがあります。","The shrine has a collection of 35 ema (votive tablets), which hang in the shrine buildings and the emaden (a special hall for displaying them)."]
[6412,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","山岳","大江山","おおえやま","Oeyama mountain","そのの村は、かつての丹波と丹後地域の境にあり、昔、鬼が住んでいたとされる大江山の麓にあります。","The village lies midway between the former capital of Kyoto and the Tango region, at the foot of the Oeyama mountain range, in an area known for legendary ogres (oni). "]
[6413,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","郷土景観","棚田","たなだ","terraced rice paddy","毛原の棚田は、この小さな山間の村の人々を約1000年にわたって支えてきました。","The terraced rice paddies of Kehara have sustained the people of this small mountain village for about 1,000 years."]
[6414,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","食","どぶろく","どぶろく","doburoku ","村には、カラフルに彩られた地蔵、水車小屋、ゲスト用コテージ、予約制のレンガ造りのピザ釜、そしてどぶろく醸造所もあります。","The village also has painted jizo statues, a guest cottage, a brick pizza oven available by reservation, and a doburoku (unrefined sake) brewery."]
[6415,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","書物","白樺日誌","しらかばにっし","White Birch Diary","中でも特に珍しい展示の1つは、シベリア抑留者が書いた200の俳句や和歌をまとめた「白樺日誌」です。","One particularly rare exhibit is the White Birch Diary, a collection of 200 poems written by a prisoner in Siberia."]
[6416,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","年中行事","吉原太刀振り","よしわらたちふり","Yoshiwara Tachifuri","吉原太刀振りは、舞鶴の吉原地区で行われている伝統行事です。","Yoshiwara Tachifuri is a traditional folk performance put on in the Yoshiwara district of Maizuru. "]
[6417,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","松尾寺","まつのおでら","Matsu no Odera Temple","松尾寺は、8世紀初頭に青葉山に建てられた西国三十三所巡礼の寺の1つです。","Matsu no Odera Temple is part of the 33 Kannon Temple Pilgrimage Route through Western Japan, and was established on Mt. Aoba in the early eighth century."]
[6418,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","西国三十三所巡礼","さいこくさんじゅうさんしょじゅんれい","33 Kannon Temple Pilgrimage Route through Western Japan","松尾寺は、8世紀初頭に青葉山に建てられた西国三十三所巡礼の寺の1つです。","Matsu no Odera Temple is part of the 33 Kannon Temple Pilgrimage Route through Western Japan, and was established on Mt. Aoba in the early eighth century."]
[6419,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","年中行事","仏舞","ほとけまい","Buddha Dance","その寺は仏舞（ほとけまい）が行われる数少ない場所のひとつです。","The temple is one of very few places where the Buddha Dance (hotokemai) is performed. "]
[6420,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","工芸・美術品","仏涅槃図","ぶつねはんず","nirvana painting","藤高が奇跡的に無傷で戦い切り抜けた後、細川家は寺に鐘と仏涅槃図を贈ったのです。","After Fujitaka miraculously emerged from battle unscathed, the Hosokawa family rewarded the temple with a bell and a nirvana painting (butsunehanzu)."]
[6421,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","城跡・城郭・宮殿","田辺城","たなべじょう","Tanabe Castle ","ここに現在も残っている田辺城の痕跡は、城壁の一部と土台の礎石だけです。","A portion of the stone ramparts and foundation stones from the castle keep are the only structural features of Tanabe Castle that remain today."]
[6422,"京都府","一般社団法人 京都府北部地域連携都市圏振興社（海の京都ＤＭＯ）","建造物等","舟屋","ふなや","funaya ","伊根湾の5kmの海岸には約230軒の舟屋が並び、この村の景色に日本で唯一の特徴的な美しさを与えています。","A total of 230 funaya (boathouses) line the 5-kilometer coast of Ine Bay, giving the fishing village here a distinctive beauty found nowhere else in Japan. "]
[6423,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","天女","てんにょ","heavenly maiden","この建物は、開祖性空上人が山に住んでいた初めのころに、桜の木の周りで踊り、偈文を詠じている天女の姿を目撃したと言われている場所に建っている。","The hall stands on the site where, during the early period of his residence on the mountain, Shōkū is said to have witnessed a heavenly maiden dancing around a cherry tree and reciting holy poetry."]
[6424,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","偈文","げぶん","holy poetry","ここで、圓教寺の開祖性空上人（910–1007）が偈文を唱えているとき、一本の桜の木の周りを舞う天女を目撃したと言われている。","It was on this site that the founding abbot, Shōkū (910–1007), is said to have witnessed a heavenly maiden dancing around a cherry tree while chanting holy poetry.","※英語では「gatha」とも言いますが、言葉として専門用語に近いです。"]
[6425,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","写し霊所","うつしれいじょ","“duplicate sites”","早い時期から、このような旅行の難しさにより、進取的な僧侶たちが、数十箇所の離れた場所を巡礼する代わりに、巡礼者たちが一箇所で三十三観音、もしくはその一部を訪れることができる場所である「写し霊場」をつくるために努力した。","From early on, the difficulty of these trips inspired enterprising monks to compress entire pilgrimage routes, or portions of them, into “duplicate sites” (utsushi reijō), single locations that could be visited in lieu of traveling to dozens of separate temples."]
[6426,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","山の要塞","やまのようさい","mountain garrison","1578年、武将の豊臣秀吉（1537–1598; 当時は羽柴秀吉）が圓教寺に入り、占領し、寺院の複合施設を山の要塞に変え、秀吉軍の約2万人の兵隊を配置した。","In 1578, the warlord Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1537–1598; then known as Hashiba Hideyoshi) occupied Engyōji, transforming the temple complex into a mountain garrison to quarter his massive army of some 20,000 troops."]
[6427,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","無限の輪廻転生","むげんのりんねてんしょう","the endless cycle of rebirth","その教えは無限の輪廻転生からすべての生き物を救うことを誓っている。","According to Pure Land beliefs, Amida vowed to rescue all living beings from the endless cycle of rebirth."]
[6428,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","子どもの姿・童子","こどものすがた・どうじ","child avatar","最初の伝説によると、不動明王と毘沙門天の子供の姿の化身である乙天と若天は、圓教寺の開祖性空上人（910-1007）が966年に最初に書寫山に到着したときに天からこれらの石の上に降り立った。","According to the first legend, Ototen and Wakaten, child avatars of the deities Fudō Myō-ō and Bishamonten, descended from the heavens and alighted upon these very stones when Engyōji’s founding abbot, Shōkū (910–1007), first arrived on Mt. Shosha in 966."]
[6429,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","塔頭","たっちゅう","subtemple","瑞光院は圓教寺内の塔頭六院の1つである。歴史的に、それぞれの塔頭は、通常はカリスマ的な住職と特定の経典や仏に焦点を当てた個別の一連の修行や教えを中心とした檀家によってより幅広く圓教寺の共同体を支えている。","Zuikōin is one of six subtemples within the Engyōji complex. Historically, each subtemple supported the broader Engyōji community by fostering a group of parishioners, usually based around a charismatic abbot and a distinct set of practices, or the study of a particular sutra or deity."]
[6430,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","常行三味","じょうぎょうざんまい","jōgyō zanmai","僧侶たちは折々、常行三昧と呼ばれる瞑想的な修行を行う。僧侶たちは、お堂の中心の大きな阿弥陀仏の周りを、お経を唱えながら、ゆっくりと歩くのである。","On occasion, monks engage in a meditative practice called jōgyō zanmai. This practice entails repeatedly reciting a mantra while very slowly pacing around the hall’s central icon, a large statue of Amida, the Buddha of Infinite Light and Life."]
[6431,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","建造物等","大陸と日本の折衷様式","たいりくとにほんのせっちゅうようしき","a harmonious blend of continental and Japanese stylistic elements","その大陸と日本の折衷様式の建築デザインは、天台宗の特徴を備えている。","Its design, a harmonious blend of continental and Japanese stylistic elements, also bears traits characteristic of the Tendai sect of Buddhism."]
[6432,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","自然現象","しぜんさいがい","しぜんさいがい","natural disaster","いくつかの自然災害により、元の建物やその後に建てられた建物も倒壊した。現在の建物は15世紀半ばに着工されたが、日本最大の２階建て建築で、その規模が大きく複雑であることが理由で、完成が遅れた。","Natural disasters destroyed that first hall, and the one that replaced it. Work on the building we see today began in the mid-fifteenth century, but it was delayed by the sheer scale and complexity of what would be the largest two-story hall of its kind in Japan."]
[6433,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","種子・種音節","しゅし・しゅおんせつ","seed syllable","光輪は、阿弥陀様とその傍らに描かれることが多い慈悲と智慧の菩薩の「種音節」である3つのサンスクリット文字で飾られている。木造の背景には、阿弥陀とともに浄土の極楽浄土から紫雲に乗って降りてきて、衆生を救いに導く25体の菩薩が描かれている。","The cardinal directions of the halo are adorned with three Sanskrit characters that are the “seed syllables” for Amida and the Bodhisattvas of Compassion and Wisdom, who are often portrayed flanking the deity."]
[6434,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","その他","歴史的根拠","れきしてきこんきょ","historical evidence","この荒唐無稽な話を裏付ける信頼できる歴史的証拠はないが、この事件は圓教寺の最も重要ないくつかの建物を灰にした大火災の原因になったと言われている。","Although there is no reliable historical evidence to support this story, the incident is said to have caused a great fire that reduced Engyōji’s most important structures to ash."]
[6435,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","巡礼者","じゅんれいしゃ","pilgrim","白山権現神社の縁起の良い歴史と、素戔嗚尊と圓教寺の開祖とのつながりは、世代を越えて巡礼者の訪問の動機となってきた。","Hakusan Gongen Shrine’s auspicious history and association with both Susanoo and Engyōji’s founder have inspired visits by generations of pilgrims."]
[6436,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","金剛力士","こんごうりきし","mythical guardian deities","屋根を支える組み合わされた腕木は、有名な彫刻家左甚五郎（fl。1624–1644）によって彫刻された三体の神話上の守護神（金剛力士）を含む、さまざまな精巧な彫刻で飾られている。","The interlocking brackets that support the roof are decorated with a variety of elaborate carvings, including three mythical guardian deities (kongō rikishi) sculpted by the celebrated artist Hidari Jingorō (fl. 1624–1644). "]
[6437,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","汚れ・煩悩","よごれ・ぼんのう","defilement","不動明王は日本の密教である天台宗と真言宗の中で深く崇拝されている。彼は、業（カルマ）の妨害と汚れを焼き払うことで信者を守る強い神であると言われている。","Fudō Myō-ō is deeply revered within the Tendai and Shingon sects of Esoteric Buddhism. He is said to be a powerful deity who protects the faithful by burning away karmic impediments and defilements. "]
[6438,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","その他","松明","たいまつ","pine torch","圓教寺の年間行事で最も重要なのは、1月18日に行われる平和と五穀豊穣を願う祭典（修正会）である。この特別な日には、緑の神である乙天と、赤の神である若天を表す仮面を被った信者たちが寺院の敷地内を乱舞し、松明を振って鐘を鳴らす。","The most important observance of the calendar year at Engyōji is the Festival of Peace and Bounty held on January 18. On this special occasion, masked performers representing Ototen, the green deity, and Wakaten, the red deity, dance wildly around the temple grounds, waving a pine torch and ringing a bell."]
[6439,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","寺伝","じでん","temple lore","1589年に建てられたこの建物は、寺社建築の様式を融合させたもので、寺伝によると、かつては12世紀の伝説的僧兵であり、7歳から10歳まで書寫山で修行を行った武蔵坊弁慶(1155–1189)の学問所であったという。","The structure, which dates to 1589, blends the stylistic conventions of temple and shrine architecture. According to temple lore, it was once the study chamber of the legendary twelfth-century warrior monk Musashibō Benkei (1155–1189), who trained on Mt. Shosha between the ages of seven and ten. "]
[6440,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","勅撰","ちょくせん","imperial anthology","この歌は、当時歌人にとって最高の栄誉である勅撰「拾遺和歌集」に収録された。","The poem was selected for inclusion in an imperial anthology, the highest poetic honor of the day."]
[6441,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","建造物等","茅葺","かやぶき","thatched-roof","室町時代（1336年〜1572年）に、普賢院の茅葺きの仏殿がここに移されて、性空上人との奇跡的な出会いを記念するために金剛薩埵菩薩像が祀られた。","During the Muromachi period (1336–1572), the thatched-roof Buddha Hall of Fugen’in was moved here to enshrine a statue of Kongō Satta that commemorates Shōkū’s miraculous encounter."]
[6442,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","建造物等","屋根の梁","やねのはり","roof beam","それにもかかわらず、大きな主柱と装飾的な屋根の梁は、それが大仏様（だいぶつよう）と呼ばれる初期の大陸の寺院建築の様式に基づいていることを示している。","Nevertheless, the large main pillars and decorative roof beams suggest it was based on an early continental model of temple construction called Daibutsuyō (literally, “Great Buddha Style”)."]
[6443,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","海岸・岬","瀬戸内海","せとないかい","the Inland Sea","十地院は元々開山堂の西側にある広大な敷地を占めていた。現在の場所は、書寫山で唯一瀬戸内海が望める塔頭である。","Jūjiin originally occupied expansive grounds to the west of the Founder’s Hall (Kaisandō). At its present location, it is the only subtemple on Mt. Shosha from which the Inland Sea is visible. "]
[6444,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","しょうろう","しょうろう","belfry","圓教寺の鐘楼は傾斜したピラミッド型の台座の上にある。これは、袴を着用している人のシルエットに似た格好で袴造と呼ばれている。","The belfry at Engyōji sits upon a sloping pyramidal base, a style called hakama-zukuri after its resemblance to the silhouette of a person wearing a hakama, a full-cut traditional garment worn from the waist down."]
[6445,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","光背","こうはい","mandorla","普賢菩薩の背後には光り輝く光背があり、光輪のように神聖な力の発散を象徴している。","Behind Fugen rises a gilded mandorla which, like a halo, symbolizes the emanation of sacred power."]
[6446,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","五輪塔","ごりんとう","stone memorial tower","本多一族の5人の後継者たちはそれぞれ、同じ正方形の塔に囲まれた石造りの五輪塔に祀られている。","Each of the five Honda heirs is memorialized by a stone memorial tower (gorintō) set within identical square pagodas."]
[6447,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","史跡","石碑","せきひ","stele","それぞれの石碑の背後にある石塔には、サンスクリット語のシッダム文字で書かれた仏教宇宙論の5つの要素を表す文字が刻まれている。上から、「空」、「風」、「火」、「水」、「土」と読む。","The stone pagodas behind each stele are inscribed with characters representing the five elements of Buddhist cosmology written in Siddham script. From the top, they read “sky,” “wind,” “fire,” “water,” and “earth.”"]
[6448,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","戒名","かいみょう","posthumous Buddhist name","一番下の「土」の文字の周りには、直基死後の戒名と彼のさまざまな称号や階級が刻まれている。","The area around the lowest character for “earth” is inscribed with Naomoto’s posthumous Buddhist name and epitaphs honoring his various titles and ranks. "]
[6449,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","工芸・美術品","水墨画","すいぼくが","monochrome ink painting","塔頭寺院の中央の部屋の三枚の襖には有名な狩野派の創設者の孫である狩野永納吉信（1631–1697）の美しく保存された水墨画が描かれている。","The sliding doors of the subtemple’s three central rooms are decorated with beautifully preserved monochrome ink paintings by Kanō Einō (1631–1697), grandson of the founder of the renowned Kanō school. "]
[6450,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","建造物等","唐破風を備えた切妻屋根","からはふをそなえたきりづまやね","cusped-gable roof","玄関広間と唐破風を備えた切妻屋根の優雅な門は、壽量院の居住部分と、台所を設けた庫裏の部分とに分けられている。","An entrance hall and elegant gate with a cusped-gable roof separate the residential spaces described above from another section of Juryō’in that is used mainly as a kitchen."]
[6451,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","建造物等","三峯造り","みつみねづくり","triple ridges","しかし参拝者は、その下から、2つの三角錐の補助屋根が隠れているのを見ることができる。この独特な設計は「三棟造り」と呼ばれ、東大寺や法隆寺など、日本最古の寺院のいくつかにだけ見られる様式である。","From beneath, however, visitors can see two triangular sub-ridges tucked snugly inside the roof. This unusual design feature, called “triple ridges” (mitsumune-zukuri), is found only at several of the oldest temples in Japan, including Tōdaiji and Hōryūji. "]
[6452,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","仏舎利","ぶっしゃり","crystal-like objects said to remain after the body of an eminent monk or nun is cremated","仏教においては、塔は歴史的なお釈迦様や他の聖人のお骨を納める聖骨箱から派生したものあった。そのようなお骨は仏舎利（サンスクリット：サリラ）と呼ばれ、有名な僧侶や尼僧の遺体を火葬したときに水晶のような状態で残る。","Within a Buddhist context, pagodas evolved from reliquaries that house the sanctified remains of the historical Buddha or other holy figures. Such relics, called busshari (Sanskrit: sarira) are crystal-like objects said to remain after the body of an eminent monk or nun is cremated."]
[6453,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神秘的な紫色の雲・紫雲","しんぴてきなむらさきいろのくも・しうん","mysterious purple clouds","その後、播磨国（現在の兵庫県）に入った後、性空はこの山に浮かぶ神秘的な紫色の雲に気づいた。","After entering Harima Province (now Hyogo Prefecture), Shōkū noticed a plume of mysterious purple clouds floating over Mt. Shosha. "]
[6454,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","脇侍","きょうじ・わきじ","attendants","釈迦牟尼仏は、同じように教えの印相を結んでいる脇侍に囲まれている。右側には、精神的な洞察力を備えた文殊菩薩が、左側には、正しい行いの神である普賢菩薩がお並びになっている。","Shakyamuni is flanked by attendants, whose hands also display the teaching mudra. To the Buddha’s right is Monju, the Bodhisattva of Spiritual Insight."]
[6455,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","工芸・美術品","逗子","ずし","tabernacle","厨子の扉は、毎年一度だけ1月18日の平和と五穀豊穣を願う修正会の日に開かれる。","The doors of the tabernacles are opened only once each year, when Engyōji marks the new year with its Festival of Peace and Bounty on January 18."]
[6456,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","32の相","さんじゅうにのそう","32 marks of the Buddha","仏教では、仏陀と菩薩は、多くの場合、「32の相」のいくつかの特徴をもって描写されている。これらは、慈悲、知恵、および悟りを意味している。","In Buddhist imagery, statues of buddhas and bodhisattvas are often depicted with some of the “32 marks of the Buddha,” (sanjūni-sō), which signify compassion, wisdom, and enlightenment."]
[6457,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","瑠璃壺・骨つぼ","るりつぼ・こつつぼ","ossuary","2008年にレントゲン撮影調査で、頭部内に性空上人のものと考えられるお骨が納められている瑠璃壺が発見された。","When the statue was x-rayed in 2008, researchers discovered an ossuary concealed within the head section that contained bones that are believed to be those of Shōkū himself."]
[6458,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","化身","けしん","emanation","金剛薩埵菩薩（サンスクリット語：Vajrasattva）は宇宙の仏である大日如来の化身であり、密教の修行僧が達成できる究極の姿を表している。","The bodhisattva Kongō Satta (Sanskrit: Vajrasattva) is an emanation of Dainichi, the Cosmic Buddha, and represents the ultimate form achievable by students of Esoteric Buddhism. "]
[6459,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","掌を合わせた姿・合掌","てのひらをあわせたすがた・がっしょう","palms together in a gesture of prayer","像の手は現在なくなっているが、腕の配置から、掌を合わせた姿か、あるいはお布施の鉢を握っていたと推察される。","The statue’s hands are now missing, but the placement of its arms suggests that they met with the palms together in a gesture of prayer, or perhaps held a begging bowl."]
[6460,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","宝珠","ほうじゅ","wish-fulfilling jewel","如意輪の意味は、文字通り「希望の環」と解釈でき、如意輪観音が描かれている2つの対象物を指している。左手には、煩悩を破壊する宝輪を、右手には願いを叶える宝珠を持つ。これらの宝は、観音様がすべての衆生を苦しみから解放するという本願を表している。","The name nyoirin can be literally translated as “wish wheel” and refers to the two objects that Nyoirin Kannon is depicted holding: one of the left hands holds a small platform that originally supported a dharma wheel, and one of the right hands holds a spherical “wish-fulfilling jewel” (hōju)."]
[6461,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","建造物等","こけら板","こけらいた","wooden shingles","愛宕社の特徴は、その優雅な流線形の屋根にある。数万枚の薄いこけら板を葺いた茅葺き屋根で覆われている。屋根の傾斜は正面に向かい優雅に下がり、上向いたアーチを形作っている。","Covered by a thatch made from tens of thousands of thin wooden shingles, the roof slopes gracefully down toward the front, forming an upturned arch."]
[6462,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","勅願寺","ちょくがんじ","imperially sponsored temple","花山法皇は10世紀後半に2回書寫山を訪れ、圓教寺というお名前を授けられた。そのことは圓教寺が皇室によって援助している勅願寺であると宣言されたことである。これは特別な特権と経済的利益を保証する名誉であった。","The former sovereign visited Mt. Shosha on two occasions during the late tenth century, and it was he who gave the temple the name “Engyōji.” He also declared it an imperially sponsored temple (chokuganji), an honor that came with special privileges and financial benefits."]
[6463,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","工芸・美術品","木製の槌・木槌","もくせいのつち・きづち","wooden mallet","若天は片手に鐘を持ち、もう一方には松で作られた長い松明を持っている。背中には紐でつながれた光り輝く木製の槌を背負っている。","Wakaten carries a bell in one hand and a long torch made of pine in the other. Strapped to his back is a wooden mallet decorated with a flaming jewel."]
[6464,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","年中行事","豆撒き","まめまき","bean-scattering","行事は、その年の星の生まれの3〜4人の男の子が、寺院の管理者や多くの僧侶の助けを借りて豆の入った袋を配る摩尼殿での「豆撒き」で締めくくられる。","The event closes with a bean-scattering (mame-maki) ritual at Maniden Hall, in which three or four men who were born under that year’s star sign distribute packets of beans with the help of the temple administrator and various monks. "]
[6465,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","御朱印","ごしゅいん","Temple stamp","御朱印とは、全国の寺院や神社が発行する精密な朱色の手書きの証書である。","Temple stamps, called goshuin (literally, “crimson seals”), are elaborate handwritten seals issued by temples and shrines throughout Japan."]
[6466,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","儀式用具","ぎしきようぐ","ritual implements","根来寺は仏教の儀式に用いられる漆器や儀式用具の製造で有名であった。","Negoroji was well known for the production of lacquerware and ritual implements used in Buddhist rituals."]
[6467,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","悟りを得る","さとりをえる","achieve enlightenment","天台宗では、他の修行と組み合わせて座禅を行うことは、悟りを得ることを可能にすると信じられている。","Within the Tendai sect, it is believed that engaging in seated meditation in combination with other practices can allow a person to achieve enlightenment."]
[6468,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","その他","英雄的な人物","えいゆうてきなじんぶつ","paragon of bravery and loyalty","弁慶は超人的な力で有名な僧兵で、多くの文学作品や歌舞伎に英雄的な人物として登場している。それらの中では弁慶はしばしば勇気と忠誠の典型として表現されている。また弁慶は短気で暴力的な傾向があることでも知られている。","Musashibō Benkei (1155–1189), a warrior monk, was renowned for his superhuman strength and appears as a heroic figure in many works of literature and stage plays. Although he is often represented as a paragon of bravery and loyalty, Benkei is also known for his short temper and tendency toward violence."]
[6469,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","功徳","くどく","merit","そしてそれぞれのお寺を回ることで、死後に転生するための大きな功徳を蓄積することができると言われている。","It is said that pilgrims can accrue tremendous merit toward their next rebirth by visiting each one of the 33 sites along the route."]
[6470,"兵庫県","書寫山圓教寺観光振興協議会","人物・人名・役職名","著名な歌人・文人","ちょめいなかじん・ぶんじん","literary figure","初期の例は、寺院の開祖性空上人（910–1007）の生涯に関するもので、宮廷女性で著名な歌人であった和泉式部（976-1030）は、精神的な指導を求めて性空上人に和歌を送った時のものだ。","An early example dates from the lifetime of the temple’s founding abbot, Shōkū (910–1007), when the renowned literary figure and lady of the courts, Izumi Shikibu (976–1030), contacted him in search of spiritual guidance."]
[6471,"島根県・鳥取県","中海・宍道湖圏域多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","スサノオノミコト","すさのおのみこと","Susanoo no Mikoto","この神社は、古い伝説においてスサノオノミコトがその身体を捨て、永遠に自然と一体となることを決めたとされる場所にあります。","This shrine is located on the site where, according to ancient legends, the god Susanoo no Mikoto chose to spend eternity, surrendering his body and becoming one with the natural environment. "]
[6472,"島根県・鳥取県","中海・宍道湖圏域多言語解説協議会","食","どぶろく","どぶろく","Doburoku","毎年10月13日には「どぶろく祭」と呼ばれる重要な行事が行われます。","An important event called the Doburoku Festival is held at the shrine every year on October 13. "]
[6473,"島根県・鳥取県","中海・宍道湖圏域多言語解説協議会","食","出雲蕎麦","いずもそば","Izumo soba ","その後、出雲蕎麦には2種類の独特な食べ方が年月をかけて発展してきました。","Two unique styles of Izumo soba evolved over the following years. "]
[6474,"島根県・鳥取県","中海・宍道湖圏域多言語解説協議会","建造物等","独楽庵","どらくあん"," Dokurakuan","館内には、大きな門や出雲式庭園、歴史ある茶室「独楽庵」などがあります。","The museum includes a large gate, a fine Izumo-style landscape garden, and a historical teahouse called the Dokurakuan. "]
[6475,"島根県・鳥取県","中海・宍道湖圏域多言語解説協議会","博物館・美術館","ねがい雛ミュージアム","ねがいびなみゅーじあむ","Negaibina Museum","ねがい雛ミュージアムは、3月のひな祭りの時期に日本の家庭などに飾られることの多い「つるし雛」を中心とした人形の博物館です。","The Negaibina Museum is a doll museum devoted to tsurushibina, a popular hanging variant of the hina dolls commonly displayed in Japanese homes and other locations during the Doll Festival in March. "]
[6476,"島根県・鳥取県","中海・宍道湖圏域多言語解説協議会","工芸・美術品","つるし雛","つるしびな","tsurushibina","ねがい雛ミュージアムは、3月のひな祭りの時期に日本の家庭などに飾られることの多い「つるし雛」を中心とした人形の博物館です。","The Negaibina Museum is a doll museum devoted to tsurushibina, a popular hanging variant of the hina dolls commonly displayed in Japanese homes and other locations during the Doll Festival in March. ","※「tsurushibina」は斜体で表記。"]
[6477,"島根県・鳥取県","中海・宍道湖圏域多言語解説協議会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","千鳥城","ちどりじょう","Chidori-jo","江戸時代（1603–1867）初期の1611年に完成した城で、その大きな切妻が、鳥が飛んでいる様子に見えることから「千鳥城」と呼ばれることもあります。","Originally completed in 1611, during the early Edo period (1603–1867), it is often called “Plover Castle” (Chidori-jo) because its large gables suggest birds in flight. "]
[6478,"島根県・鳥取県","中海・宍道湖圏域多言語解説協議会","建造物等","武家屋敷","ぶけやしき","buke-yashiki","松江には形を変えて現在も残る武家屋敷がいくつかありますが、ある中堅武士のために建てられたこの屋敷は、その中でも特に当時の姿を丁寧に復元したものです。","Although several samurai residences (buke-yashiki) in Matsue have survived in altered form, this home built for a mid-ranking samurai has been carefully restored to its original configuration.","※「buke-yashiki」は斜体で表記。"]
[6479,"島根県・鳥取県","中海・宍道湖圏域多言語解説協議会","建造物等","明々庵","めいめいあん","Meimei-an ","明々庵は非常に美しい茶室で、松平家の7代大名松平治郷（1751–1818）の設計で1779年に建てられました。","Meimei-an (Bright Clear Retreat) is an exquisite teahouse (chashitsu) built in 1779, designed by Matsudaira Harusato (1751–1818), the seventh Matsudaira lord of the Matsue domain."]
[6480,"島根県・鳥取県","中海・宍道湖圏域多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","禅宗の寺","ぜんしゅうのてら","Zen temple ","元々この場所には古い禅宗の寺がありましたが、松平氏の庇護の下で浄土宗の寺になりました。","An older Zen temple originally occupied the site, but under Matsudaira patronage it was taken over by the Jodo sect of Buddhism. "]
[6481,"島根県・鳥取県","中海・宍道湖圏域多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","佐陀神能","さだしんのう","Sada Shin Noh","佐陀神能は清めの神事として奉納される舞で、毎年9月下旬に2日間かけて松江北部の佐陀神社で行われます。","Sada Shin Noh is an annual series of ritual purification dances performed over two days in late September at the Sada Shrine in Kashima, northern Matsue. "]
[6482,"島根県・鳥取県","中海・宍道湖圏域多言語解説協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","鼕行列","どうぎょうれつ","Do-gyoretsu","鼕行列（太鼓の行列）は、毎年松江で、松江の秋祭りの一環として、10月の第3日曜日に開催されます。","The Do-gyoretsu (Procession of Drums) Festival is held annually in Matsue on the third Sunday of October. ("]
[6483,"島根県・鳥取県","中海・宍道湖圏域多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","黄泉比良坂","よもつひらさか","Yomotsu Hirasaka","日本の神話において、黄泉比良坂は冥界への入り口とされ、イザナギ神と女神であるイザナミが永遠に別れた場所です。","In Japanese mythology, Yomotsu Hirasaka is the entrance to the underworld and the place where the god Izanagi and the goddess Izanami were separated for eternity. "]
[6484,"島根県・鳥取県","中海・宍道湖圏域多言語解説協議会","その他","青石畳","あおいしだたみ","Aoishi-datami","この通りは、水に濡れると青みがかった石畳になることから「青石畳」と呼ばれています。","This street is called Aoishi-datami, or “blue-stone paving,” because the stone paving takes on a bluish sheen when wet. "]
[6485,"島根県・鳥取県","中海・宍道湖圏域多言語解説協議会","食","精進料理","しょうじんりょうり","shojin ryori","こうした教えに従った修行用の菜食主義の「精進料理」は、6世紀に仏教の僧によって中国とインドから日本に持ち込まれました。13世紀には、特に道元禅師の影響で人気が高まりました。","An ascetic vegetarian cuisine called shojin ryori that followed these precepts was introduced into Japan from China and India by Buddhist monks in the sixth century, and grew in popularity through the influence of the Zen master Dogen in the thirteenth century. ","※「shojin ryori」は斜体で表記。"]
[6486,"島根県・鳥取県","中海・宍道湖圏域多言語解説協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","安来節","やすぎぶし","Yasugibushi","安来節（やすぎぶし）は、明治時代（1868–1912）に安来地方で生まれた民間舞踊です。","Yasugibushi is a popular style of folk dance that emerged in the Yasugi area during the Meiji era (1868–1912). "]
[6487,"島根県・鳥取県","中海・宍道湖圏域多言語解説協議会","テーマ施設等","安来節演芸館","やすぎぶしえんげいかん","Yasugibushi Performing Arts Center","その人気を記念して2006年にオープンしたのが、瓦屋根木造建築で200席ある伝統的な劇場「安来節演芸館」です。","To celebrate its popularity, the Yasugibushi Performing Arts Center opened in 2006 in a tile-roofed wooden building, featuring a 200-seat traditional theater. "]
[6488,"島根県・鳥取県","中海・宍道湖圏域多言語解説協議会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","月山富田城跡","がっさんとだじょうあと","The Site of Gassan Toda Castle","月山富田城跡","The Site of Gassan Toda Castle","※跡地を合わす際は「Site」を使用。"]
[6489,"島根県・鳥取県","中海・宍道湖圏域多言語解説協議会","その他","玉鋼","たまはがね","tamahagane","鋭い日本刀の原料として使われた特別な鋼である玉鋼を製造する唯一の方法について、実物大のジオラマやビデオ、参加型の展示などを用いて説明しています。","The museum uses informative full-size dioramas, videos, and participatory displays to explain the only method capable of producing the special tamahagane steel that is used to make fine Japanese swords. ","※「tamahagane」は斜体で表記。"]
[6490,"島根県・鳥取県","中海・宍道湖圏域多言語解説協議会","その他","たたら","たたら","tatara ","たたら製鉄は、小さな鉄の粒子を含む花崗岩が自然に風化してできた砂鉄を使います。","The tatara process begins with the iron sand that comes from the natural weathering of granite that contains small particles of iron. ","※「tatara」は斜体で表記。"]
[6491,"島根県・鳥取県","中海・宍道湖圏域多言語解説協議会","工芸・美術品","備前焼","びぜんやき","Bizen pottery","またこの美術館は、800点を超える、日本最高の備前焼のコレクションと考えられているものも所蔵しています。","The museum also possesses what is considered the best collection of Bizen pottery in Japan, with over 800 items. "]
[6492,"島根県・鳥取県","中海・宍道湖圏域多言語解説協議会","テーマ施設等","広瀬絣センター","ひろせがすりせんたー","Hirose-gasuri Center  ","広瀬絣センター","Hirose-gasuri Center  "]
[6493,"島根県・鳥取県","中海・宍道湖圏域多言語解説協議会","温泉","さぎの湯","さぎのゆ","Sagi-no-yu Onsen","さぎの湯は、安来市の飯梨川に位置する天然温泉です。","Sagi-no-yu Onsen is a natural hot spring (onsen) located on the Iinashi River in the city of Yasugi. "]
[6494,"島根県・鳥取県","中海・宍道湖圏域多言語解説協議会","工芸・美術品","出雲織","いずもおり","Izumo Ori","近くには、築100年の茅葺き民家を美しく復元した古民家があり、これは出雲織の織物を織っていた典型的な伝統的民家です。","Nearby is a beautifully restored 100-year-old thatched farm house (kominka) that is typical of the traditional local residences where Izumo Ori woven textiles were made. "]
[6495,"島根県・鳥取県","中海・宍道湖圏域多言語解説協議会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","米子城跡","よなごじょうあと","Yonago Castle Ruins","米子城跡","Yonago Castle Ruins","※跡地を合わす際は「Ruins」を使用。"]
[6496,"島根県・鳥取県","中海・宍道湖圏域多言語解説協議会","集落・街","米子城下町","よなごじょうかまち","Yonago Castle Town","米子城下町","Yonago Castle Town"]
[6497,"島根県・鳥取県","中海・宍道湖圏域多言語解説協議会","工芸・美術品","淀江傘","よどえがさ","Yodoe-gasa","淀江の海辺の集落には、1821年から数十人の傘職人が集まり、「淀江傘」と呼ばれる独特のスタイルを確立しました。","Beginning in 1821, the seaside hamlet of Yodoe became home to dozens of parasol makers who developed a distinctive style known as Yodoe-gasa. "]
[6498,"島根県・鳥取県","中海・宍道湖圏域多言語解説協議会","工芸・美術品","弓浜絣","ゆみはまがすり","Yumihama kasuri ","弓浜絣は、絣（かすり）という伝統的な染色と機織りの各地域の技法の中でも最も有名なものの1つです。","Yumihama kasuri is one of the best-known local variants of the traditional kasuri dyeing and weaving technique. ","※「kasuri」は斜体で表記。"]
[6499,"島根県・鳥取県","中海・宍道湖圏域多言語解説協議会","史跡","上淀廃寺","かみよどはいじ","Kamiyodo Haiji","5-6世紀の有力者の古墳があった小さな谷に、上淀廃寺が683年に建立されました。","In 683, Kamiyodo Haiji Temple was built in a small valley that was already the site of a Shinto shrine and the tumulus graves (kofun) of important leaders dating from the fifth and sixth centuries. "]
[6500,"島根県・鳥取県","中海・宍道湖圏域多言語解説協議会","庭園・公園","むきばんだ史跡公園","むきぱんだ\nしせきこうえん","Mukibanda Historical Park","むきばんだ史跡公園では、約950棟の建物の遺構が発掘されており、それらは7つの互いに緊密に接続された地区に広がっています。","Mukibanda Historical Park contains the excavated ruins of approximately 950 buildings spread over seven closely connected districts. "]
[6501,"島根県・鳥取県","中海・宍道湖圏域多言語解説協議会","その他","ゲゲゲの鬼太郎","げげげのきたろう","GeGeGe no Kitaro ","水木しげる（1922-2015）は、『ゲゲゲの鬼太郎』シリーズをはじめとする漫画・アニメ作品で世界的に知られる漫画家です。","Mizuki Shigeru (1922–2015) was a manga artist known worldwide for his series GeGeGe no Kitaro and other manga and anime works. ","※「GeGeGe no Kitaro」は斜体で表記。"]
[6502,"島根県・鳥取県","中海・宍道湖圏域多言語解説協議会","その他","妖怪","ようかい","yokai","彼は、彼が「妖怪」とよばれる日本の幽霊、小鬼、および怪物に当たるものに執着するようになったのは、「のんのんばあ」と呼び祖母のように慕った女性から、恐ろしくも驚くような怪奇話を聞かされたからだと説明しています。","He attributed his later obsession with yokai—Japanese ghosts, goblins, and monsters—to a grandmotherly woman he called “Nononba,” who told him chilling and amusing stories about the supernatural. ","※「yokai」は斜体で表記。"]
[6503,"島根県・鳥取県","中海・宍道湖圏域多言語解説協議会","その他","目玉おやじ","めだまのおやじ","Medamaoyaji","水木しげるの像は、妻の布枝に付き添われた姿で道角に建てられており、また別のところでは、彼が生み出したキャラクターの目玉おやじ、ねずみ男、そして鬼太郎と一緒に登場しています。","Mizuki Shigeru appears on another corner, accompanied by his wife Nunoe; he is shown elsewhere at his drawing table, along with his characters Medamaoyaji, Nezumiotoko, and Kitaro."]
[6504,"島根県・鳥取県","中海・宍道湖圏域多言語解説協議会","その他","ねずみ男","ねずみおとこ","Nezumiotoko","水木しげるの像は、妻の布枝に付き添われた姿で道角に建てられており、また別のところでは、彼が生み出したキャラクターの目玉おやじ、ねずみ男、そして鬼太郎と一緒に登場しています。","Mizuki Shigeru appears on another corner, accompanied by his wife Nunoe; he is shown elsewhere at his drawing table, along with his characters Medamaoyaji, Nezumiotoko, and Kitaro."]
[6505,"島根県・鳥取県","中海・宍道湖圏域多言語解説協議会","その他","のんのんばあ","のんのんばあ","Nononba","幼い頃から家族ぐるみで親しくしていた老婆「のんのんばあ」は、水木にとって祖母のような存在でした。","Nononba, an elderly woman who was close to Mizuki’s family when he was a child, became a kind of grandmother to him. "]
[6506,"島根県・鳥取県","中海・宍道湖圏域多言語解説協議会","テーマ施設等","妖怪洞窟","ようかいどうくつ","Yokai Cave","次のコーナーは「妖怪洞窟」です。","The next section is called the Yokai Cave. "]
[6507,"島根県・鳥取県","中海・宍道湖圏域多言語解説協議会","建造物等","SANKO夢みなとタワー","さんこうゆめみなと\nたわー","Sanko Yume Minato Tower","SANKO夢みなとタワーは、「世界で最も低いタワー」と自虐的に言いながら地元住民が薦めるタワーです。","The Sanko Yume Minato Tower is self-deprecatingly promoted by locals as “the lowest tower in Japan.” "]
[6508,"島根県・鳥取県","中海・宍道湖圏域多言語解説協議会","レジャー・アクティビティ","弓ヶ浜サイクリングコース","ゆみがはまさいくりんぐこーす","Yumigahama Cycling Course","2020年にオープンした白砂青松の弓ヶ浜サイクリングコースは、境港から15.8km東にある皆生温泉までを結びます。","The Yumigahama Cycling Course of Hakushaseisho, which opened in 2020, stretches from Sakaiminato to Kaike Onsen, 15.8 kilometers to the east. "]
[6509,"島根県・鳥取県","中海・宍道湖圏域多言語解説協議会","建造物等","酒蔵","さかぐら","sake warehouses","この資料館の建物は、元々は100年以上前に港沿いに建てられた酒蔵でした。","The museum is housed within former sake warehouses that were built alongside the port more than 100 years ago, when Sakaiminato’s economy was more centered on trade than on fishing. "]
[6510,"島根県・鳥取県","中海・宍道湖圏域多言語解説協議会","テーマ施設等","境港水産物地方卸売市場","さかいみなと\nすいさんぶつちほう\nおろしうりいてぃば","Sakaiminato Fisheries Regional Wholesale Market ","境港水産物地方卸売市場","Sakaiminato Fisheries Regional Wholesale Market "]
[6511,"岡山県","岡山県後楽園事務所","庭園・公園","借景","しゃっけい","shakkei","この眺望は「借りた景色」を意味する「借景」とみなされています。庭園の敷地外の風景を構成要素として取り入れ、庭園の奥行きの感覚を深めるものです。","This view is considered shakkei, or “borrowed scenery,” incorporating the landscape beyond the garden grounds into its composition and deepening the sense of depth of the garden. "]
[6512,"岡山県","岡山県後楽園事務所","建造物等","橋掛かり","はしがかり","hashigakari","舞台の左側には橋掛かりと呼ばれる舞台裏から主舞台までを繋ぐ斜めに架かった橋があります。橋掛かりは主役たちがあたかも遠くの場所から来ているかのように入場するのを演出するために使うことができます。","To the left of the stage is the hashigakari, a diagonal bridge connecting the backstage to the main stage. It can be used to emphasize the entrance of the actors as if they are coming from a faraway place."]
[6513,"岡山県","岡山県後楽園事務所","建造物等","雁木","がんぎ","gangi","2012年、江戸時代の地図にもとづいた調査によって、船着場の跡地と御成御門へ続く石段（雁木）跡が発掘され、2014年に一般公開されました。","The remains of the dock and stone staircase (gangi) leading up to the Onari Gomon were excavated in 2012 based on Edo-period historical maps and opened to the general public for viewing in 2014."]
[6514,"岡山県","岡山県後楽園事務所","建造物等","曲水","きょくすい","kyokusui","八つ橋とは、流店のちょうど南側にある庭園を蛇行して流れる小川（曲水）の上にジグザグした形で掛けられた8枚の木の板から成る橋のことをいいます。","The Yatsuhashi Bridge is a bridge consisting of eight planks that zig-zag over the stream (kyokusui) that meanders through the garden just south of the Ryuten Rest House."]
[6515,"岡山県","岡山県後楽園事務所","史跡","馬場","ばば","baba","観騎亭は園内北側の有名な約180メートルの長さの馬場の中央に面して建っています。池田継政（1702年〜1776年) や池田治政（1750年〜1818年）などの藩主がここで馬術や弓術の練習をしているのが目に浮かぶようです。 ","The Kankitei Rest House faces the middle of an approximately 180-meter-long stretch known as the baba (riding track) on the north side of the garden. "]
[6516,"広島県","竹原市多言語解説協議会","建造物等","送電鉄塔","そうでんてっとう","electricity pylon","また大久野島は、高さ226メートルの日本で最も高い送電鉄塔を持っています。送電鉄塔は、四国と本州を結ぶ大三島支線の一部です。","The island also has the tallest electricity pylon in Japan. The 226-meter transmission tower is part of the Omishima branch line that connects Shikoku to Honshu. "]
[6517,"広島県","竹原市多言語解説協議会","島しょ","大久野島","おおくのしま","Okunoshima","瀬戸内海に浮かぶ周囲4キロの大久野島には、おおよそ1000匹の野ウサギが生息しています。","Okunoshima Island in the Seto Inland Sea is only 4 kilometers in circumference, but it is home to a thousand wild rabbits. To protect the rabbits, no pets are allowed on the island. ","※大久野島の表記は様々あるが、Okunoshimaの表記が適切"]
[6518,"広島県","竹原市多言語解説協議会","史跡","砲台","ほうだい","artillery batterie","瀬戸内海周辺を攻撃から守るため、日清戦争（1894〜 1895年）と日露戦争（1904〜 1905年）の間に要塞化されました。この間に、島には3つの砲台が建設されました。"," The former agricultural island was fortified during the Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895) and Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905) to protect the area around the Seto Inland Sea from attack. Three artillery batteries were built on the island during this time. "]
[6519,"広島県","竹原市多言語解説協議会","その他","化学兵器","かがくへいき","chemical weapons","大久野島毒ガス博物館は、1929年に島に建設され、1945年の第二次世界大戦が終わるまで使用されていた化学兵器工場を人々に知ってもらう為に、1988年に設立されました。","The Okunoshima Poison Gas Museum, established in 1988, has exhibits on the chemical weapons plants that were built on the island in 1929 and were in use until the end of World War II, in 1945. "]
[6520,"広島県","竹原市多言語解説協議会","史跡","弾薬保管倉庫","だんやくほかんそうこ","Ammunition Storage Warehouse","弾薬保管倉庫は、第二次世界大戦中は毒ガスを保管し、朝鮮戦争（1950〜 1953年）には米軍の弾薬を保管するためにも使用されました。建物の屋根は、爆発時の損傷を抑えるために軽い素材で作られていました。","The Ammunition Storage Warehouse was also used to store poison gas during World War II, and to store ammunition for U.S. forces during the Korean War (1950–1953). The roof of the building was made of light material to limit damage in the case of an explosion."]
[6521,"広島県","竹原市多言語解説協議会","その他","頼山陽","らいさんよう","Rai Sanyo","地元の著名な儒教の学者、歴史家、芸術家、詩人である頼山陽（1780–1832）は、この山を登ったことで知られています。","Rai Sanyo (1780–1832), a prominent local Confucian scholar, historian, artist, and poet, is known to have climbed the mountain."]
[6522,"広島県","竹原市多言語解説協議会","郷土景観","借景","しゃっけい","borrowed scenery (shakkei)","庭園は、借景（しゃっけい）の伝統に西方寺の景色を取り入れています。東アジアの庭園デザインの借景というスタイルは、庭の構成に背景の景観を組み込むものです。","The garden features a view of Fumeikaku (Kannon Hall) at Saihoji Temple in the tradition of borrowed scenery (shakkei). This principle of East Asian garden design incorporates background views into the composition of a garden."]
[6523,"広島県","竹原市多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","茶師","ちゃし","tea master","広々とした畳の部屋と、四季折々に楽しめる花や木々が生い茂る広い中庭が特徴の広い家。庭園にある優雅な茶室は、茶師であり茶園のデザイナーである小堀政一（1579–1647）のスタイルを踏襲した茶師である不二庵によって設計されたと言われています。","The elegant tea house in the garden is said to have been designed by Fujian, a tea master who followed the style of tea master and tea garden designer Kobori Enshu (1579–1647). "]
[6524,"広島県","竹原市多言語解説協議会","その他","蒸留","じょうりゅう","distilling","主な展示品は、ジャパニーズウイスキーの父とされている竹鶴政孝（1894–1979）についてです。政孝は1918年にスコットランドに行き、ウイスキーの蒸留の秘訣を学びました。","One of the main displays features Taketsuru Masataka (1894–1979), who is considered the father of Japanese whisky. Masataka went to Scotland in 1918 to learn the secrets of distilling Scotch whisky. "]
[6525,"広島県","竹原市多言語解説協議会","史跡","駒の鐘","こまのかね","koma no kane (Korean bell)","また、駒の鐘で有名な寺院です。 ","Shorenji is also renowned for its koma no kane (Korean bell)."]
[6526,"広島県","竹原市多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","儒教者","じゅがくしゃ","Confucian scholar","文学者、詩人、儒教者の賴惟清の旧邸宅は、江戸時代（1603〜1867）の伝統的な建築とデザインの良い例です。","The former residence of the poet and Confucian scholar Rai Tadasuga is a fine example of traditional architecture and design from the Edo period (1603–1867)."]
[6527,"広島県","竹原市多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","賴惟清","らいただすが","Rai Tadasuga","文学者、詩人、儒教者の賴惟清の旧邸宅は、江戸時代（1603〜1867）の伝統的な建築とデザインの良い例です。","The former residence of the poet and Confucian scholar Rai Tadasuga is a fine example of traditional architecture and design from the Edo period (1603–1867)."]
[6528,"広島県","竹原市多言語解説協議会","史跡","石垣","いしがき","stone wall","寺院は展望台と城のような印象的な石垣で有名です。","The temple is famous for its viewing platform and impressive stone wall, which resembles that of a castle. "]
[6529,"広島県","竹原市多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","浦宗勝","うらむねかつ","Ura Munekatsu","この寺院は、もともと1570年から1581年にかけて、浦宗勝（1526–1592）によって建てられました。","The temple was originally built between 1570 and 1581 by Ura Munekatsu (1526–1592)."]
[6530,"広島県","竹原市多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","海軍司令官","かいぐんしれいかん","naval commander","神社は、強力な小早川武家の海軍司令官である乃美宗勝としても知られる浦宗勝（1526–1592）によって建てられました。","The pavilion was built by Ura Munekatsu (1526–1592), also known as Nomi Munekatsu, a naval commander for the powerful Kobayakawa samurai family."]
[6531,"広島県","竹原市多言語解説協議会","食","乳酸菌","にゅうさんきん","lactic acid bacteria","酵母を天然の乳酸菌で培養する伝統的な醸造方法","a traditional brewing method whereby the yeast starter mash is cultured by naturally occurring lactic acid bacteria."]
[6532,"広島県","竹原市多言語解説協議会","食","酵母","こうぼ","starter mash","革新的な幻純米大吟醸は、醸造所の4代目​​オーナーである中尾清磨氏が発見した、醸造所独自のリンゴ酵母を使用しています。","The brewery’s innovative Maboroshi Junmai Daiginjo sake uses their signature apple yeast starter mash, discovered by the fourth-generation owner, Nakao Kiyoma. "]
[6533,"広島県","竹原市多言語解説協議会","郷土景観","三紫水明","さんしすいめい","sanshi suimei (purple mountains; light shimmering on the water)","地元の著名な儒学者、歴史家、芸術家、詩人である頼山陽（1781–1832）は、夕暮れ時の竹原と瀬戸内海の風景を表す、三紫水明という言葉を作り出しました。","Rai Sanyo (1780–1832), a prominent local Confucian scholar, historian, artist, and poet, coined the term sanshi suimei (purple mountains; light shimmering on the water) to describe the scenery of the Seto Inland Sea from Takehara at dusk. "]
[6534,"広島県","竹原市多言語解説協議会","建造物等","囲炉裏","いろり","hearth (irori) ","庭にある秋の部屋（弘陽亭）は、プライバシーと季節の紅葉を提供する特別な滞在場所です。敷地内の調理・食事エリア「囲炉裏」では、囲炉裏で調理された本格的な料理を楽しめます。","The autumn room (koyo-tei) within the garden is a special place to stay, offering privacy and seasonal autumn colors. Guests can enjoy authentic cuisine cooked on a hearth (irori) at Irori Sanso, a cooking and eating area within the grounds. "]
[6535,"広島県","竹原市多言語解説協議会","温泉","檜風呂","ひのきぶろ","cypress wood (hinoki) bath","客室は伝統的な雰囲気を維持しつつも、快適な滞在を保証するために近代的な設備が組み込まれています。全室に檜風呂が付いています。","The rooms maintain the atmosphere and feeling of their traditional roots, with modern facilities incorporated to ensure a comfortable stay. All rooms include a cypress wood (hinoki) bath."]
[6536,"広島県","竹原市多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","守護神","しゅごしん","guardian deity","地蔵は子供や旅行者の仏教の守護神です。","Jizo is a Buddhist guardian deity of children and travelers."]
[6537,"広島県","竹原市多言語解説協議会","テーマ施設等","海の駅","うみのえき","Seaside Station","竹原港の竹原海の駅は大久野島（うさぎ島）への玄関口です。","Takehara Seaside Station at Takehara Port is the gateway to Okunoshima (Rabbit Island) and Osakikamijima. "]
[6538,"広島県","竹原市多言語解説協議会","植物","イロハモミジ","いろはもみじ","Japanese maples (momiji)","ホテルの入り口は、ロビーに行くために通り抜ける美しい日本庭園に囲まれています。屋外の環境には、イロハモミジ（モミジ）、苔で覆われた敷地、石灯籠、鯉が泳ぐ澄んだ小川があります。","The hotel’s entrance is surrounded by a beautiful Japanese-style garden that you pass through to reach the lobby. The outdoor environs feature Japanese maples (momiji), moss-covered grounds, stone lanterns, and a clear-running stream with koi carp. "]
[6539,"広島県","竹原市多言語解説協議会","集落・街","歴史的建造物群","れきしてきけんぞうぶつぐん","Groups of Historic Buildings","ニッポニアホテルは、竹原の歴史的建造物群の重要な保存地区に指定されている歴史地区の中心部に位置する和風の宿泊施設です。","The Nipponia Hotel is a Japanese-style accommodation located in the heart of Takehara’s historic district, which has been designated an Important Preservation District for Groups of Historic Buildings."]
[6540,"広島県","竹原市多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","石灯籠","いしどうろう","stone lantern","ホテルの入り口は、ロビーに行くために通り抜ける美しい日本庭園に囲まれています。屋外の環境には、イロハモミジ（モミジ）、苔で覆われた敷地、石灯籠、鯉が泳ぐ澄んだ小川があります。","The hotel’s entrance is surrounded by a beautiful Japanese-style garden that you pass through to reach the lobby. The outdoor environs feature Japanese maples (momiji), moss-covered grounds, stone lanterns, and a clear-running stream with koi carp. "]
[6541,"広島県","竹原市多言語解説協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","能","のう","noh classical Japanese dance-drama","ホテルの外には、能の古典舞踊と狂言が楽しめるエリアがあります。イベントは一年中開催されます。","Outside the hotel is an area for noh classical Japanese dance-drama and kyogen (comic interludes of noh plays). Events are held throughout the year."]
[6542,"広島県","竹原市多言語解説協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","狂言","きょうげん","kyogen (comic interludes of noh plays)","ホテルの外には、能の古典舞踊と狂言が楽しめるエリアがあります。イベントは一年中開催されます。","Outside the hotel is an area for noh classical Japanese dance-drama and kyogen (comic interludes of noh plays). Events are held throughout the year."]
[6543,"広島県","竹原市多言語解説協議会","建造物等","関門海峡","かんもんかいきょう","Kanmon Straits","そして関門海峡（本州と九州を隔てる）を経由して北前船で日本海に沿って北の秋田県と北海道に2つのルートで輸送されました。","and to Akita and Hokkaido prefectures in the north along the Sea of Japan in kitamaebune trading ships via the Kanmon Straits (separating Honshu and Kyushu). "]
[6544,"広島県","竹原市多言語解説協議会","建造物等","商家","しょうや","merchant house","塩作りにおける竹原の成功は、その歴史的な地区に保存状態の良い商家や倉庫がたくさんあることからも明らかです。","Takehara’s success in the salt business is evidenced in the number of well-preserved merchant houses and warehouses in its historic district. "]
[6545,"広島県","竹原市多言語解説協議会","工芸・美術品","竹工芸","たけこうげい","bamboo craft","竹原は40年以上の歴史を持つ竹と竹工芸で有名です。","Takehara is famous for its bamboo and bamboo craft industry. "]
[6546,"広島県","竹原市多言語解説協議会","食","魚飯","ぎょはん","Gyohan (grilled fish and seasonal ingredients served over rice)","魚飯は竹原の伝統的な郷土料理です。","Gyohan (grilled fish and seasonal ingredients served over rice) is a traditional local dish in Takehara."]
[6547,"広島県","竹原市多言語解説協議会","食","竹鶴酒造","たけつるしゅぞう","Taketsuru Shuzo Sake Brewery","竹鶴酒造は竹原で最も古い酒蔵です。","Taketsuru Shuzo Sake Brewery is the oldest sake brewery in Takehara."]
[6548,"広島県","竹原市多言語解説協議会","食","うま味","うまみ"," umami flavor (one of the five basic taste categories: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami or savory)","オーナーは、うま味（日本の5つの基本的な味のカテゴリーの1つ）で日本酒を作りたいと考えています。","The owner wants to create a sake with umami flavor (one of the five basic taste categories: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami or savory)."]
[6549,"広島県","呉市多言語解説協議会","建造物等","格子戸","こうしど","wooden lattice doors","歴史ある御手洗は、細長く入り組んだ町並みが多く、江戸時代の典型的な木造格子戸（こうしどう）と瓦屋根が特徴的な伝統的な建物が多く見られる。","Historic Mitarai has many narrow, maze-like streets, and its traditional buildings are characterized by wooden lattice doors (kōshido) and tile roofs typical of the Edo period."]
[6550,"広島県","呉市多言語解説協議会","建造物等","金唐紙","きんからかみ","gold-embossed wallpaper","内装は、フローリングの床や1990年代初頭の改修時に発見された金唐紙（きんからかみ）の壁紙が特徴的である。","The interior has wooden floors and rare, gold-embossed wallpaper (kinkara kami) that was not discovered until the residence was renovated in the early 1990s."]
[6551,"広島県","呉市多言語解説協議会","建造物等","水門小屋","すいもんこや","gatehouse","堰堤の麓には水門小屋があり、流量を測定して放流量を制御してから宮原浄水場に下流に送るようになっている。","At the foot of the dam, a gatehouse regulates the volume of water released by the dam by measuring its flow rate. "]
[6552,"広島県","呉市多言語解説協議会","建造物等","蓑壁","みのかべ","straw raincoat walls","三ツ蔵は、漆喰と藁を編んだものを重ねて作られた「藁のレインコート壁」（簔壁）で作られている。この技術は珍しく、歴史的建造物の中には現存するものはほとんどない。","The Triple Warehouse is noted for its unique “straw raincoat walls” (minokabe), which are built by layering plaster and woven straw. The technique is uncommon, and very few historical buildings with minokabe still exist."]
[6553,"広島県","呉市多言語解説協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","花魁","おいらん","courtesans","京都や江戸の繁華街からは離れているが、この茶屋には高級な花魁（おいらん）がいて、高級な客をもてなしていた。","Though distant from the famous red-light districts of Kyoto and Edo (now Tokyo), the teahouse employed high-class courtesans (oiran) for its equally high-class patrons. "]
[6554,"広島県","呉市多言語解説協議会","社会","尊王攘夷","そんおうじょうい","Honor the Emperor and Expel the Foreign Barbarians","この政策転換により政治エリートは、朝廷と幕府の統合を求める「朝廷と幕府の統合」派と、幕府の廃止、天皇の復権、必要ならば戦争による鎖国の保護を求める「尊王攘夷」派に分裂した。","As a result of this policy change, the political elite split into two factions: the “Union of the Imperial Court and the Shogunate” faction (kōbu gattai), who sought to bond the shogunate to the authority of the imperial court, and the “Honor the Emperor and Expel the Foreign Barbarians” faction (sonnō jōi), who demanded abolition of the shogunate, restoration of the emperor’s power, and preservation of Japan’s seclusion, through war if necessary."]
[6555,"広島県","呉市多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","七福神","しちふくじん","Seven Deities of Good Fortune","えびす様は船と商人の関係が深いことから、七福神の一つである商売繁盛の神としても信仰されている。","Due to the close relationship between ships and merchants, Ebisu is also worshipped as the deity of commercial prosperity and is one of the Seven Deities of Good Fortune (Shichifukujin)."]
[6556,"広島県","呉市多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","厄年","やくどし","inauspicious year","人の一生のうちのある一定期間 (厄年) は、個人的な災難に遭う可能性が高いという言い伝えがあるが、神社やお寺への参拝など、さまざまな慶事を行うことで、災難を防ぐことができるとされている。","Per Japanese tradition, disaster is thought more likely to strike during certain inauspicious years of a person’s life (yakudoshi), but catastrophe can be averted by performing meritorious acts, such as visiting shrines or temples."]
[6557,"広島県","呉市多言語解説協議会","紋章等 ","屋号","やごう","house name","旧柴家住宅は、18世紀後半に、近隣の大町（現・豊町大長）の庄屋を数代にわたって務め、御手洗の年寄り役として尊敬されていた高橋家の豪商のために建てられたもので、「柴家」の名は「屋号」と呼ばれている。柴屋という名前は、家系や商売の系譜を表すために、家や商家につけられた「屋号」である。","The name Shibaya is a “house name” (yagō), which were usually given to residences or merchant stores to identify a family or business lineage."]
[6558,"広島県","呉市多言語解説協議会","建造物等","水屋","みずや","mizuya (kitchenette)","旧金子家住宅にはいくつかの小さな畳の部屋があり、日本の伝統的な茶庭が見渡せる。茶室や水屋は1823年に京都で造られ、輸送のために解体された後、船で御手洗に運ばれ、屋敷内で再び組み立てられた。","The Former Kaneko Residence contains several small, tatami-floored rooms that look out on a traditional Japanese tea garden and an attached tearoom with an adjacent mizuya (kitchenette). "]
[6559,"広島県","呉市多言語解説協議会","建造物等","船宿","ふなやど","funayado","江戸時代 (1603–1867)の内海貿易が盛んになると、船宿はさらにサービスを提供するようになった。船宿は、船に食料を補給したり、新しい船員を供給したり、気象情報を提供したりした。","As Mitarai’s port developed, local merchants began to establish funayado, businesses that provided lodging and entertainment to ships’ officers while their ships were in port.","※「Shipping agent」という英語も使えます"]
[6560,"広島県","呉市多言語解説協議会","建造物等","乱れ築き","みだれきずき","midarekizuki","その起源ははっきりとは記録されていないが、かつて御手洗の海岸線だった場所にあり、大小の石を組み合わせて作られたことから、その構造や立地条件から、水軍の防御のためのものであった可能性が高いと考えられている。この技法は、戦国時代の軍事建築物を作る際によく使われていたもので、乱れ築きと呼ばれている。","Although there is no clear record of its origins, the location and structure of the wall suggest that it was likely a naval defense, as it is situated on what was once Mitarai’s coastline and was built by fitting stones of various sizes together. This technique, called midarekizuki (literally, “random construction”), was commonly used to build military structures during the Warring States period (1467–1568)."]
[6561,"広島県","呉市多言語解説協議会","史跡","筆塚","ふでづか","fudezuka","洗面台の横には、天神様の神社でよく見かける、使い古された書道用の筆を記念して作られた「筆塚」がある。その右手には、道真公の詩が刻まれた大きな石碑があり、道真公の人生にお世話になった人々への深い謙虚さと尊敬の念が込められています。","Alongside the washbasin is a fudezuka, a memorial for worn-out calligraphy brushes. Memorials like it are often found at shrines to Tenjin."]
[6562,"広島県","呉市多言語解説協議会","建造物等","牛蒡済み","ごぼうずみ","gobōzumi","城壁の築城にも使われた「牛蒡積み（ごぼうづみ）」と呼ばれる方法で、大きな石をしっくいを使わずに積み上げている。防波堤の外側には、波の衝撃を和らげるために曲面の壁を設けている。","The breakwater was also technologically advanced for its time: the builders employed gobōzumi, a method used to build castle ramparts, in which large, uncut stones are stacked together without mortar."]
[6563,"広島県","呉市多言語解説協議会","社会","昭和モダン","しょうわもだん","Showa Modern","昭和初期には、和洋折衷の文化運動「昭和モダン」が展開された。","The early years of the Showa era (1926–1989) were marked by a cultural movement called Showa Modern (shōwa modan), the adoption of an eclectic mix of Japanese and Western elements."]
[6564,"広島県","呉市多言語解説協議会","その他","内部構造","ないぶこうぞう","interior mechanism","時計の内部構造は、海水で腐食されにくい真鍮、亜鉛、スズの合金であるネーバル黄銅でできており、もともとは船のハードウェアを作るために開発された。","The clock’s interior mechanism is constructed of naval brass, an alloy of copper, zinc, and tin that is resistant to corrosion by seawater and was originally developed for ship hardware."]
[6565,"広島県","呉市多言語解説協議会","建造物等","離れ","はなれ","detached room","この建物は「離れ」と呼ばれ、平八郎が呉海軍所の参謀長を務めた1890年5月から1891年12月までの間、客人をもてなすための場として利用されていた。","The building is known as a “detached room” (hanare), and Tōgō used it as a place to relax and entertain guests during his tenure as Chief of Staff at Kure Naval Base from May 1890 through December 1891."]
[6566,"広島県","呉市多言語解説協議会","その他","空中戦","くうちゅうせん","airborne dogfights","しかし、1920年代後半になると、戦争の焦点は海戦の砲撃から空中戦へと移っていった。高烏砲台をはじめ、ほとんどの砲台が戦場で使われることはなかった。","However, in the late 1920s, the focus of warfare shifted from naval bombardment to pitched airborne dogfights. Most of the batteries, including the Takagarasu Battery, were never used in battle."]
[6567,"広島県","呉市多言語解説協議会","その他","回天","かいてん","manned torpedoes","また、有人魚雷「回天」の訓練や毒ガス実験も行われていたことが知られている。","Training exercises for manned torpedoes called kaiten, or “heaven shakers,” are known to have been conducted there, as well as experiments with poison gas."]
[6568,"広島県","呉市多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","絵馬","えま","votive tablets called ema","これらの訪問者の中には、絵馬と呼ばれる奉納碑を残している人もいる。この絵馬は、参拝者の祈りや願いを表したもので、多くの絵馬が社殿に飾られている。","Some of these visitors left votive tablets called ema. These wooden plaques represent the prayers and wishes of visitors to the shrine, and many of them are displayed in the front hall."]
[6569,"広島県","呉市多言語解説協議会","湖沼","貯水池","ちょすいち","reservoir","日露戦争（１９０４－１９０５）後に行われた呉海軍工廠の拡張は、更に大量の水道水を必要としたため、海軍は１９１８年に当時呉市から数キロ（６～７キロ）離れた焼山村及び本庄村にまたがる場所（１９５６年に呉市域に編入）に巨大な貯水池を完成させ、宮原浄水場に給水した。","A large reservoir was created by damming an area between the villages of Honjō and Yakiyama, approximately 7 kilometers away. The reservoir is fed by the Nikō River, as well as three smaller tributaries."]
[6570,"広島県","呉市多言語解説協議会","史跡","火薬工場","かやくこうば","gunpowder mill","赤煉瓦ホールは、1914年に火薬工場の機械室として建てられた。","The Red Brick Hall was built as the machine room for a gunpowder mill."]
[6571,"広島県","呉市多言語解説協議会","その他","水道水","すいどうみず","tap water","幅37メートル、長さ44.4メートル、総水量8,000立方メートルの水を貯めることができる。浄水場は、市内の住民に水道水を供給するほか、工場などの製造業者に工業用水を供給している。","The plant covers an area 37 meters wide and 44.4 meters in length, and the system can hold a total volume of 8,000 cubic meters of water. It supplies tap water to city residents as well as industrial water to factories and other facilities."]
[6572,"広島県","呉市多言語解説協議会","建造物等","係留柱","けいりゅうばしら","mooring post","アメリカ南北戦争（1861～1865）のために生産された大砲だが、終戦時には陳腐化していた。日本政府はこれらの時代遅れの砲を低価格で入手し、ドックの係留柱として再利用した。現在は桟橋に沿って銃口を下げて埋設されている。 ","The artillery was produced for the American Civil War (1861–1865), but it had become obsolete by the war’s end. The Japanese government acquired these outdated guns for a low price and repurposed them as the wharf’s mooring posts. They are now buried muzzle-down along the pier.","※「Bollard」と呼ばれることもあります。"]
[6573,"広島県","呉市多言語解説協議会","史跡","瓦礫","がれき","rubble","倉庫は以前のように正確に修理されなかったが、その代わりに、爆撃で残った瓦礫を使って、2棟の間の空き地に第3の倉庫を建設し、両者を繋いだ。","The warehouses were not repaired exactly as they once stood; instead, the rubble left from the bombing was used to construct a third warehouse in the empty lot between them, linking them together."]
[6574,"広島県","呉市多言語解説協議会","建造物等","外壁","がいへき","façade","海軍司令部の建物は1907年に完成した。第二次世界大戦の終盤には、建物はほぼ全焼し、レンガ造りの外壁だけが残された。","The naval headquarters building was completed in 1907. In the closing days of World War II, the building was almost completely burned down, leaving only the outer brick façade. ","※「facade」という書き方もあります"]
[6575,"広島県","呉市多言語解説協議会","建造物等","艦橋","かんきょう","bridge","大和の碑は、艦橋を模した塔と主砲の砲弾で構成されている。","The monument to the Yamato consists of a tower modeled after the ship’s bridge and a pair of artillery shells from its main guns."]
[6576,"広島県","呉市多言語解説協議会","建造物等","トーチカ","とおちか","pillbox","また、山の中には第二次世界大戦末期に建てられた防空監視所やコンクリート製のトーチカ、地下壕に通じる換気立坑などの廃墟が点在している。","The mountain is also dotted with abandoned defensive structures built toward the end of the war, among them an air defense observation post, a concrete pillbox guard post, and ventilation shafts that connect to an underground bunker."]
[6577,"広島県","呉市多言語解説協議会","その他","戦没者","せんぼつしゃ","casualties of war","墓は現在まで墓地のボランティア団体によって維持管理されている。また、ティビンズの碑などの墓石には、長迫小学校の生徒たちが定期的に花を飾り、毎年秋分の日には、呉海軍墓地保存会と呉市が合同で戦没者の慰霊祭を行っている。","The Tibbins monument and other tombstones are also regularly decorated with flowers by students from Nagasako Elementary School, and every year on the autumnal equinox, the Society for the Preservation of the Kure Naval Cemetery and the city of Kure hold a joint memorial service for those who died as casualties of war."]
[6578,"広島県","呉市多言語解説協議会","史跡","高射砲","こうしゃほう","antiaircraft gun","戦前の昭和（1926～1945）になると、帝国海軍はこの砲台を掌握し、近くの野原に高射砲を設置した。","During the prewar Showa era (1926–1945), the Imperial Navy took control of the battery and installed antiaircraft guns in a nearby field."]
[6579,"広島県","呉市多言語解説協議会","史跡","砲台","ほうだい","gun emplacement","これらの遺跡には、円形の砲台、付属の司令所、および円筒形の弾薬庫の遺跡が含まれている。","These ruins include the remains of the circular gun emplacement, the adjunct command post, and the cylindrical ammunition depot. "]
[6580,"広島県","呉市多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","人柱","ひとばしら","human pillar","清盛の伝説的な行動はこれに限らず、当時、大規模な水道工事の成功を祈願するために、人柱の形をした生け贄を供え、工事現場やその近くに生き埋めにする習慣があった。","For example, it was customary in those days to pray for success in the construction of large-scale waterworks by offering a human sacrifice in the form of a “human pillar” (hitobashira), who would be buried alive at or near the construction site."]
[6581,"広島県","呉市多言語解説協議会","食","七五三の膳","しちごさんのぜん","seven-five-three courses","歓迎会での食事は、「七五三の膳」と呼ばれるスタイルで提供された。七五三の膳とは、通常、15品の料理を七・五・三の3つの膳に分けて提供するもので、縁起が良いとされている。歓迎会の場合は、7品と3品のコースを2倍にして、5品のコースで25品を提供している。","The food offered at the welcoming ceremony was served in a style called “seven-five-three courses” (shichi-go-san no zen). A meal in this style normally consists of 15 dishes served in three courses of seven, five, and three dishes each, numbers that are all considered auspicious and lucky."]
[6582,"広島県","呉市多言語解説協議会","建造物等","小形潜水艦（蛟龍）","こがたせんすいかん（こうりゅう）","midget submarine","小型の模型が多いのに対し、1階の大物展示では、A6M零戦の実物や人間魚雷「回天」の十式の試作機、小形潜水艦（蛟龍）、大和の主砲台用に製造されたものをはじめとする各種武装解除砲弾など、退役した戦時技術の貴重なコレクションが展示されている。","In contrast to the many small models, the “Large Objects” exhibit on the first floor displays a highly valued collection of decommissioned warfare technology, such as actual A6M Zero fighters and trial models of Type-10 Kaiten (manned torpedoes), midget submarines (kōryū), and various types of disarmed artillery shells, including some manufactured for the Yamato’s main battery."]
[6583,"広島県","呉市多言語解説協議会","その他","掃海","そうかい","minesweeping","2階は、第二次世界大戦後（1939～1945）の日本の復興と海軍の航路開通に大きく貢献した海上自衛隊の掃海活動を紹介している。","The second floor is dedicated to the JMSDF’s minesweeping activities, which played a large part in reconstructing the country and opening its shipping lanes after World War II."]
[6584,"広島県","呉市多言語解説協議会","その他","行列","ぎょうれつ","procession","旅する大名の行列は、江戸時代（1603～1867）初期に導入された参勤交代に由来している。","The original processions of traveling daimyo took place under the alternate attendance system (sankin-kōtai) introduced by the shogunate in the early Edo period (1603–1867). "]
[6585,"広島県","呉市多言語解説協議会","植物","舟唄・舟歌","ふなうた","shanty","「音戸の舟唄」は日本三大船乗り歌の一つと言われている。","The “Ondo Boatman’s Song” is said to be one of Japan’s three great fishermen’s shanties."]
[6586,"広島県","呉市多言語解説協議会","その他","石灰","せっか","lime","広小坪は江戸時代 (1603～1867) 後期から石灰を産出していた。周囲を山に囲まれているため、鉄道が登場する以前は、石灰は船でしか運ぶことができなかった。","Hirokotsubo has been producing lime since the late Edo period (1603–1867), but because the area is surrounded by mountains, prior to the advent of railways the lime could only be transported by ship."]
[6587,"広島県","呉市多言語解説協議会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","櫓","やぐら","watchtower","江戸時代 (1603～1867) の一時期、演者の女性が三味線を弾きながらホームで踊った。神輿に先立ち、1761年には物見櫓 (やぐら) を象徴する太鼓奏者の乗った木製の台が登場した。","At one point during the Edo period (1603–1867), female entertainers danced around the stage while playing shamisen, and in 1761 a wooden platform bearing a taiko drum player, which symbolizes a watchtower (yagura), came to precede the mikoshi in the procession."]
[6588,"徳島県","徳島市地域観光資源多言語解説整備プロジェクトチーム","芸能・興行・イベント","阿波踊り","あわおどり","Awa Odori","1946年には「阿波踊り」という名称が正式なものとなり、復興して全国に広まっていきました。","The name “Awa Odori” became official in 1946, as the dance enjoyed a revival and spread throughout the country."]
[6589,"徳島県","徳島市地域観光資源多言語解説整備プロジェクトチーム","庭園・公園","表御殿庭園","おもてごてんていえん","Omotegoten Garden","公的な蜂須賀家の記録によると、家政の孫で徳島二代藩主の蜂須賀忠輝（1611～1652）は、徳島城の表御殿庭園の舞台に町民を招いて踊るよう誘っていたことが記されています。","According to official family records, Hachisuka Tadateru (1611–1652), Iemasa’s grandson and the second lord of Tokushima, invited people of the town to dance on stage in Tokushima Castle’s Omotegoten Garden. "]
[6590,"徳島県","徳島市地域観光資源多言語解説整備プロジェクトチーム","芸能・興行・イベント","組踊","くみおどり","Kumi Odori","江戸時代(1603–1868)には、町役人の統制のもと、衣装と規律のある振り付けを組み合わせた組踊が盛んに行われていました。","During the Edo period (1603–1868), groups performed Kumi Odori, a style of ensemble dance with matching costumes and choreography, which was regulated by the town’s officials."]
[6591,"徳島県","徳島市地域観光資源多言語解説整備プロジェクトチーム","博物館・美術館","阿波十郎兵衛屋敷人形浄瑠璃","あわじゅうろうべえやしきにんぎょうじょうるり","Awa Jurobe Yashiki Puppet Theater and Museum","阿波十郎兵衛屋敷人形浄瑠璃では、地元の人形劇団による公演が毎日1〜2回行われています。","Local puppeteer troupes perform once or twice daily at the Awa Jurobe Yashiki Puppet Theater. "]
[6592,"徳島県","徳島市地域観光資源多言語解説整備プロジェクトチーム","芸能・興行・イベント","阿波人形浄瑠璃","あわにんぎょうじょうるり","Awa Ningyo Joruri","阿波人形浄瑠璃は、淡路島から徳島県北部にやってきました。","Awa Ningyo Joruri came to the region from Awaji Island, to the north of Tokushima Prefecture."]
[6593,"徳島県","徳島市地域観光資源多言語解説整備プロジェクトチーム","芸能・興行・イベント","夕霧阿波鳴渡","ゆうぎりあわのなると","Yugiri Awa no Naruto (Yugiri and the Awa Whirlpool)","最も有名な阿波人形浄瑠璃劇は、脚本家の近松半治（1725-1783）が、劇作家の近松門左衛門(1653–1725)の夕霧阿波鳴渡（Yugiri and the Awa Whirlpool）から翻案した傾城阿波の鳴（The Tragedy of Naruto）です。","One of the most famous Awa Ningyo Joruri plays is Keisei Awa no Naruto (The Tragedy of Naruto), which the playwright Chikamatsu Hanji (1725–1783) adapted from Yugiri Awa no Naruto (Yugiri and the Awa Whirlpool)"]
[6594,"徳島県","徳島市地域観光資源多言語解説整備プロジェクトチーム","庭園・公園","枯山水","かれさんすい","karesansui rock garden","景観の良い池や枯山水など、伝統的な要素を取り入れています。","It features such traditional elements as a landscaped pond and a karesansui rock garden."]
[6595,"徳島県","徳島市地域観光資源多言語解説整備プロジェクトチーム","芸能・興行・イベント","締太鼓","しめだいこ","rhythm drums","鳴り物には大太鼓、締太鼓、横笛、三味線、鉦などが含まれており、テンポを合わせます。","Narimono may include bass and rhythm drums, a flute, a shamisen, and a handheld gong that sets the tempo."]
[6596,"徳島県","徳島市地域観光資源多言語解説整備プロジェクトチーム","テーマ施設等","阿波おどり会館","あわおどりかいかん","Awa Odori Kaikan (Awa Dance Festival Hall)","徳島市を訪れる人は、阿波おどり会館で年間を通して公演を見ることができます。","Visitors to the city of Tokushima can watch performances year-round at the Awa Odori Kaikan (Awa Dance Festival Hall)."]
[6597,"徳島県","徳島市地域観光資源多言語解説整備プロジェクトチーム","工芸・美術品","阿波藍","あわあい","Awa-ai","地元で生産される阿波藍は、その品質の高さを評価されています。","Locally grown indigo, known as Awa-ai, is prized for its high quality."]
[6598,"徳島県","徳島市地域観光資源多言語解説整備プロジェクトチーム","建造物等","浮桟橋","うきさんばし","floating pier","両国橋北詰の浮桟橋から乗船する遊覧船は、新町川と助任川を周回しながら19の橋をくぐり抜けていきます。","Embarking from the floating pier of Ryogokubashi Bridge Kitazume, the cruise boats travel the Shinmachi and Suketo Rivers in a circular route, passing under 19 bridges along the way. "]
[6599,"徳島県","徳島市地域観光資源多言語解説整備プロジェクトチーム","山岳","眉山","びざん","Mt. Bizan","春は、山腹が桜に覆われる人気の時期です。","The slopes and summit are covered in cherry trees, making Mt. Bizan one of the city’s most popular spots for blossom-viewing each spring. "]
[6600,"徳島県","徳島市地域観光資源多言語解説整備プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","五ヶ所参り","ごかしょまいり","gokasho mairi","巡礼を体験したい人は、この5つの聖域を巡る「五ヶ所参り」を体験することができます。","Visitors who would like to experience the pilgrimage can complete a tour of these five sanctuaries, an undertaking called the gokasho mairi."]
[6601,"徳島県","徳島市地域観光資源多言語解説整備プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","四国遍路","しこくへんろ","Shikoku Pilgrimage","お寺は仏教の異なる宗派に属し、異なる本尊を持っていますが、全て空海（774-835; 死後、弘法大師として知られる）と関連されます。彼は四国遍路の中心人物です。","The temples belong to different sects of Buddhism and honor different main deities, but they all have links to the monk Kukai (774–835; posthumously known as Kobo Daishi), the central figure of the Shikoku Pilgrimage."]
[6602,"徳島県","徳島市地域観光資源多言語解説整備プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","本尊","ほんそん","deity","伝説によると、空海は密教におけるこの至高の仏の像を彫り、それを本尊として祀ったと言われています。","Legend says that Kukai sculpted a statue of this supreme deity of esoteric Buddhism and enshrined it as the main object of worship. "]
[6603,"徳島県","徳島市地域観光資源多言語解説整備プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","脇仏","わきぼとけ","subdeity","その後、十一面観音が本尊となり、大日如来が脇仏となりました。","Kannon then became the main deity, and Dainichi Nyorai the subdeity."]
[6604,"徳島県","徳島市地域観光資源多言語解説整備プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","あららぎ大師","あららぎだいし","Araragi Daishi","また、敷地内には高さ１０メートルの木に鎮座する「あららぎ大師」があります。","Also located on-site is the Araragi Daishi, a statue sitting in a ten-meter-high tree."]
[6605,"徳島県","徳島市地域観光資源多言語解説整備プロジェクトチーム","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","守護地蔵","しゅごじぞう","guardian jizo statues","また、境内には守護地蔵も多数あります。","On the grounds are also a number of guardian jizo statues. "]
[6606,"徳島県","徳島市地域観光資源多言語解説整備プロジェクトチーム","その他","錦竜水","きんりょうすい","Kinryo Spring","錦竜水は、地元のお菓子やアルコールの製造にも使用されています。","Water from Kinryo Spring is also used in the production of local sweets and alcohol. "]
[6607,"徳島県","徳島市地域観光資源多言語解説整備プロジェクトチーム","集落・街","紺屋町","こんやまち"," Kon’yamachi ","時計台は、徳島で最も賑わっている繁華街である紺屋町のバスシェルターの上にあります。","The clock tower sits on top of the Kon’yamachi bus shelter in the downtown area, one of Tokushima’s busiest restaurant and entertainment districts."]
[6608,"徳島県","徳島市地域観光資源多言語解説整備プロジェクトチーム","食","滝の焼き餅","たきのやきもち","taki no yakimochi","地元の言い伝えによると、初代徳島藩祖であった蜂須賀家政（1558–1638）も好んで食べていたと言われており、1586年の徳島城の完成を祝福するために、滝の焼き餅が彼に献上されたと言われています。",". Local lore holds that the first lord of Tokushima, Hachisuka Iemasa (1558–1638), enjoyed taki no yakimochi and was presented with some to commemorate the completion of Tokushima Castle in 1586."]
[6609,"徳島県","徳島市地域観光資源多言語解説整備プロジェクトチーム","食","豆天玉","まめてんたま","Mameten-tama","豆天玉とは、鉄板で焼いた厚切りの香ばしいお好み焼きのことです。","Mameten-tama is a unique local variation of okonomiyaki, a thick, savory pancake cooked on a hot griddle."]
[6610,"徳島県","徳島市地域観光資源多言語解説整備プロジェクトチーム","食","すだち","すだち","Sudachi","すだちは江戸時代（1603〜1868）から徳島県で栽培されており、現在では全国の供給量の約98％を徳島県が生産しています。","Sudachi have been cultivated in Tokushima since the Edo period (1603–1868), and now the prefecture produces around 98% of Japan’s supply."]
[6611,"徳島県","徳島市地域観光資源多言語解説整備プロジェクトチーム","工芸・美術品","遊山箱","ゆさんばこ","yusanbako","徳島では、漆塗りの三段重の木製弁当箱（遊山箱）が幼少期の定番でした。","Three-tiered, lacquered, wooden lunch boxes, known as yusanbako, were a staple of childhood in Tokushima."]
[6612,"徳島県","徳島市地域観光資源多言語解説整備プロジェクトチーム","食","ういろ","ういろ","uiro","徳島の子どもたちに特に人気があったのが、米粉と砂糖で作った「ういろ」という蒸し菓子でした。","One treat especially popular among children in Tokushima was uiro, a steamed cake made of rice flour and sugar. "]
[6613,"徳島県","徳島市地域観光資源多言語解説整備プロジェクトチーム","食","そば米汁","そばごめじる","soba-gome jiru","蕎麦の主原料としてよく知られていますが、そば米汁を作る際にも使われています。","It is best known as the main ingredient in soba noodles but the grain is also used to make soba-gome jiru."]
[6614,"徳島県","徳島市地域観光資源多言語解説整備プロジェクトチーム","その他","初歩き","はつあるき","hatsuaruki","日本文化の中で贈ることの大切さ、第一印象を良くすることの大切さを表現した初歩き（文字通り、初歩き）です。","The importance of gift-giving and making a good first impression in Japanese culture found expression in this hatsuaruki (literally, “first walk”). "]
[6615,"徳島県","徳島市地域観光資源多言語解説整備プロジェクトチーム","食","花嫁菓子","はなよめがし","Hanayome-gashi","花嫁菓子は餅米と砂糖で作られています。","Hanayome-gashi are made of mochi-gome sticky rice and sugar."]
[6616,"徳島県","徳島市地域観光資源多言語解説整備プロジェクトチーム","工芸・美術品","藍染","あいぞめ","indigo dyeing","これらには、阿波おどりや眉山、伝統工芸である藍染などの徳島のシンボルが含まれています。","These include well-known symbols of Tokushima, such as the Awa Odori (Awa dance), Mt. Bizan, and the traditional craft of indigo dyeing."]
[6617,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","山岳","剣山地","つるぎさんち","Tsurugi mountain range","この町は徳島市の南西約40 km、剣山地の勝浦川沿いにあります。","It is in the Tsurugi mountain range along the Katsuura River, about 40 kilometers southwest of the city of Tokushima."]
[6618,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","河川・渓谷","勝浦川","かつうらがわ","Katsuura River","この町は徳島市の南西約40 km、剣山地の勝浦川沿いにあります。","It is in the Tsurugi mountain range along the Katsuura River, about 40 kilometers southwest of the city of Tokushima."]
[6619,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","テーマ施設等","くるくる工房","くるくるこうぼう"," Kuru Kuru Kobo","女性たちはその技芸と裁縫の腕前をくるくる工房で活かし、使い古した着物や鯉のぼりの生地をバッグやジャケットなどの記念の品に変身させています。","Women are putting their artistic and sewing skills to use at the Kuru Kuru Kobo craft center, transforming used kimono and koinobori carp streamer fabric into bags, jackets, and other keepsake items."]
[6620,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","その他","つまもの","つまもの","tsumamono","上勝は日本国内で使用される装飾用付け合わせ（つまもの）の約80％をいろどりと呼ばれるビジネス戦略を通して供給しています。","Kamikatsu supplies roughly 80 percent of decorative garnishes (tsumamono) used in Japan through a business initiative called Irodori.","※「tsumamono」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「garnish」を使用することも可能。"]
[6621,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","植物","セコイア","せこいあ","coast redwood","地域住民はまた、絶滅の危機にあるセコイアや、クボノオオスギと呼ばれる樹齢約1,500年で高さ60メートルのスギの木など、上勝特有の森林やその希少な樹木の保全にも取り組んでいます。","Local residents are also working to preserve the native woodland and its rare trees, like endangered coast redwoods and the Kubo no Osugi, a 60-meter high Japanese cedar tree that is about 1,500 years old. "]
[6622,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","植物","クボノオオスギ","くぼのおおすぎ","Kubo no Osugi","地域住民はまた、絶滅の危機にあるセコイアや、クボノオオスギと呼ばれる樹齢約1,500年で高さ60メートルのスギの木など、上勝特有の森林やその希少な樹木の保全にも取り組んでいます。","Local residents are also working to preserve the native woodland and its rare trees, like endangered coast redwoods and the Kubo no Osugi, a 60-meter high Japanese cedar tree that is about 1,500 years old. "]
[6623,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","建造物等","田中家住宅","たなかけじゅうたく","Tanaka Family Residence","1685年に建てられた八重地の田中家住宅は、この地域の初期の伝統家屋を代表するものです。","The Tanaka Family Residence in Yaeji was built in 1685 and is representative of early traditional houses in the region."]
[6624,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","建造物等","土間","どま","doma","その間取りとは、固められた土の床の、料理をするのに使われた部屋（ドマ）が一つと、板張りの揚げ床上の部屋が三つ、すなわち、表側の部屋、イロリがある中央の部屋、そして寝室、というものです。","It has a room with a compacted earth floor (doma) where cooking was done and three rooms on a raised wooden floor: a front room, a middle room with an irori hearth, and a sleeping room.","※「doma」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「earth floor」も使用することも可能。"]
[6625,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","建造物等","イロリ","いろり","irori","その間取りとは、固められた土の床の、料理をするのに使われた部屋（ドマ）が一つと、板張りの揚げ床上の部屋が三つ、すなわち、表側の部屋、イロリがある中央の部屋、そして寝室、というものです。","It has a room with a compacted earth floor (doma) where cooking was done and three rooms on a raised wooden floor: a front room, a middle room with an irori hearth, and a sleeping room.","※「irori」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「hearth」を使用することも可能。"]
[6626,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","建造物等","カマド","かまど","kamado","このような家では、日常的に使うカマドやイロリの煙が害虫を追い払い、茅葺き屋根の耐久性を高めました。","In such homes, smoke from daily use of the kamado stove and the irori hearth drove away pests and increased the durability of the thatched roof.","※「kamado」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「stove」を使用することも可能。"]
[6627,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","テーマ施設等","花野邸","はなのてい"," Hanano Residence","この学校は年間を通して様々なアクティビティを花野邸で企画しており、訪問者を常に歓迎しています。","The school organizes a variety of activities at the Hanano Residence year-round, and visitors are always welcome."]
[6628,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","長楽寺","ちょうらくじ","Chorakuji Temple","細い道や路地を散策すると、石垣に囲われた民家はもちろん、長楽寺や石碑、また多くの神社の風景を楽しむことができます。","A stroll through narrow roads and alleys offers views of many such houses surrounded by stone walls, as well as Chorakuji Temple, stone monuments, and many shrines. "]
[6629,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","山岳","高丸山","たかまるやま","Mt. Takamaru","八重地の棚田と高丸山は、2009年に環境省によって重要里地里山に指定されました。","The rice terraces of Yaeji and Mt. Takamaru were designated an Important Satochi-Satoyama Site by the Ministry of the Environment in 2009. "]
[6630,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","郷土景観","里地里山","さとちさとやま","satochi-satoyama","里地里山とは、集落と、二次林、水田、および用水路との間の相互関係と、生物多様性の保全に重要な役割を果たしていることによって特徴付けられます。","A satochi-satoyama site is characterized by interactions between settlements, secondary forests, rice paddies, and irrigation canals, and plays an important role in biodiversity conservation.","※「satochi-satoyama」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[6631,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","動物","メジロ","めじろ","Japanese white eye songbird","また、八重地はメジロ（Zosterops japonicus）をはじめとする様々な動植物に生息地を提供しています。","Yaeji also provides a habitat for a wide variety of plants and animals like the Japanese white eye songbird (Zosterops japonicus)."]
[6632,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","全国棚田サミット","ぜんこくたなださみっと","National Rice Terrace Summit","開発されたこの画期的なシステムは、2002年の第六回全国棚田サミットで発表されました。","The breakthrough system developed was presented at the Sixth National Rice Terrace Summit in 2002. "]
[6633,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","その他","天上の泉","てんじょうのいずみ","Tenjo no Izumi (Heavenly Fountain)","公共の水飲み場：テンジョーノイズミ（天上の泉）、テンクーノイズミ（天空の泉）、フルサトノイズミ（ふる里の泉）があります。","There are public water fountains: the Tenjo no Izumi (Heavenly Fountain), Tenku no Izumi (Sky Fountain), and Furusato no Izumi (Hometown Fountain).","※「Tenjo no Izumi」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[6634,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","その他","天空の泉","てんくうのいずみ"," Tenku no Izumi (Sky Fountain)","公共の水飲み場：テンジョーノイズミ（天上の泉）、テンクーノイズミ（天空の泉）、フルサトノイズミ（ふる里の泉）があります。","There are public water fountains: the Tenjo no Izumi (Heavenly Fountain), Tenku no Izumi (Sky Fountain), and Furusato no Izumi (Hometown Fountain).","※「Tenku no Izumi」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[6635,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","その他","ふる里の泉","ふるさとのいずみ","Furusato no Izumi (Hometown Fountain)","公共の水飲み場：テンジョーノイズミ（天上の泉）、テンクーノイズミ（天空の泉）、フルサトノイズミ（ふる里の泉）があります。","There are public water fountains: the Tenjo no Izumi (Heavenly Fountain), Tenku no Izumi (Sky Fountain), and Furusato no Izumi (Hometown Fountain).","※「Furusato no Izumi」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[6636,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","テーマ施設等","市宇活動センター","いちうかつどうせんたー","Ichiu Activity Center","この水飲み場は市宇活動センターに面しています。","This fountain faces the Ichiu Activity Center. The water has low levels of dissolved minerals and is pH neutral."]
[6637,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","その他","市宇よろず会","いちうよろずかい","Ichiu Yorozu Association","市宇よろず会では、毎年恒例のイベントを開催しています。","The Ichiu Yorozu Association organizes annual events."]
[6638,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","その他","もくもくもく","もくもくもく","Moku Moku Moku","この段々畑の最高の景色の一つは、曽我部昌史氏（1962年生まれ）によってデザインされたアート・インスタレーション、もくもくもくの頂上から見たものです。","One of the best views of the fields is from the top of Moku Moku Moku, an art installation designed by Sogabe Masashi (b. 1962).","※「Moku Moku Moku」は美術作品のため斜体で表記。"]
[6639,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","茶神八幡神社","ちゃじんはちまんじんじゃ","Chajin Hachiman Jinja Shrine","一つは茶神八幡神社で、地元の言い伝えで阿波晩茶の製法をこの地にもたらしたとされる平家の落人、横尾権守を祭っています。","One is Chajin Hachiman Jinja Shrine dedicated to Yoko-o Gon no Kami, a fleeing Heike warrior who local legend says brought the process of making Awa Bancha to the area. "]
[6640,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","横尾権守","よこおごんのかみ","Yoko-o Gon no Kami","一つは茶神八幡神社で、地元の言い伝えで阿波晩茶の製法をこの地にもたらしたとされる平家の落人、横尾権守を祭っています。","One is Chajin Hachiman Jinja Shrine dedicated to Yoko-o Gon no Kami, a fleeing Heike warrior who local legend says brought the process of making Awa Bancha to the area. "]
[6641,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","北向きの観音","きたむきのかんのん","Kitamuki no Kannon","もう一つは北向きの観音で、文字どおりの意味は「北を向いた観音」となります。","Another is Kitamuki no Kannon, which literally means “North-facing Kannon.” "]
[6642,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","山岳","山犬嶽","やまいぬだけ","Mt. Yamainu","山犬嶽（997.6 m）の苔に覆われた景色は徳島では有名ですが、世界のその他の地域の人々にとっては、まだ探索すべきところのある隠された秘境です。","The moss-covered landscape of Mt. Yamainu (997.2 m) is famous in Tokushima, but to the rest of the world, it is still a hidden gem waiting to be explored."]
[6643,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","動物","山犬","やまいぬ","yamainu","地元の言い伝えによれば、山頂の岩が口を開けたヤマイヌ（山犬）に似ていたことから、この名前がつけられたそうです。","According to local legend, the name was given because rocks on the summit resembled a yamainu (mountain dog) with its mouth open.","※「yamainu」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「mountain dog」も使用することも可能。"]
[6644,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","その他","往還","おうかん","okan","自動車が一般的になる以前、上勝には二種類の道がありました。往還と里道です。","There were two types of roads in Kamikatsu before motor vehicles became common: okan and satomichi."]
[6645,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","集落・街","里道","さとみち","satomichi","自動車が一般的になる以前、上勝には二種類の道がありました。往還と里道です。","There were two types of roads in Kamikatsu before motor vehicles became common: okan and satomichi."]
[6646,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","建造物等","峯田","みねだ","Mineda","上勝内の棚田で公共の休憩施設を備えているのは樫原だけで、中樫原にある小さな休憩小屋や、山犬嶽へのハイキングコースの入口にある上樫原の峯田と呼ばれる古民家の休憩所で見つけられます。","Kashihara has the only terraces in Kamikatsu with public rest facilities, which can be found at the small rest house in middle Kashihara and at the rest area called Mineda in an old traditional house in upper Kashihara at the Mt. Yamainu hiking trail entrance."]
[6647,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","秋葉神社","あきばじんじゃ","Akiba Jinja Shrine","樫原の秋葉神社は九月に三体の月の祭りを主催します。","Akiba Jinja Shrine in Kashihara hosts the Triple Moon Festival in September."]
[6648,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","自然現象","幻月","げんげつ","mock moon","この現象は、「モックムーン（幻月）」として知られ、月光の大気屈折によって引き起こされます。","The phenomenon is known as a “mock moon” and is caused by atmospheric refraction of moonlight. "]
[6649,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","阿弥陀三尊","あみださんぞん","Amida triad","古代には、この現象は阿弥陀三尊（阿弥陀如来、両脇に脇侍として観音および勢至菩薩）になぞらえられ、神聖なものと考えられていました。","In ancient times, this phenomenon was likened to the Amida triad (Amida Buddha flanked by attendant bodhisattvas Kannon and Seishi) and was considered sacred.","※すでに用語集にあるようですが、表記が異なります。"]
[6650,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","博物館・美術館","千年の森ふれあい館","せんねんのもりふれあいかん","Sennen no Mori Fureai-Kan","千年の森ふれあい館は、炭焼きの工程を最初から最後まで実演するイベントを十一月と十二月に開催しています。","The Sennen no Mori Fureai-Kan organizes demonstrations of the charcoal production process from start to finish in November and December."]
[6651,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","植物","ヤマザクラ","やまざくら","Japanese mountain cherry","例えば、スギは湿気を吸い取るので大型の米びつを作るのに使用され、ヒノキはその抗菌特性のためまな板に使用、ヤマザクラはその高い復元力のため敷居に最適であり、キリは湿気を調整するのでたんすに、アラカシはその耐久性のため彫られて農具の取手になりました。","For example, cedar absorbs moisture, so it was used to make large rice containers; cypress was used for cutting boards due to its anti-bacterial properties; Japanese mountain cherry was perfect for doorsills for its resilience; paulownia makes excellent clothes chests because it controls humidity, and Japanese blue oak was carved into farming tool handles due to its durability.","※「yamazakura」も可能ですが、他と表記方法を揃えるため「Japanese mountain cherry」を使用いたしました。"]
[6652,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","植物","アラカシ","あらかし","Japanese blue oak","例えば、スギは湿気を吸い取るので大型の米びつを作るのに使用され、ヒノキはその抗菌特性のためまな板に使用、ヤマザクラはその高い復元力のため敷居に最適であり、キリは湿気を調整するのでたんすに、アラカシはその耐久性のため彫られて農具の取手になりました。","For example, cedar absorbs moisture, so it was used to make large rice containers; cypress was used for cutting boards due to its anti-bacterial properties; Japanese mountain cherry was perfect for doorsills for its resilience; paulownia makes excellent clothes chests because it controls humidity, and Japanese blue oak was carved into farming tool handles due to its durability."]
[6653,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","食","阿波晩茶","あわばんちゃ","Awa Bancha tea","野尻の田畑は、米に加え、食用のハーブや花、阿波晩茶、また柚子、ユコウ、およびスダチなどの柑橘類を生産しています。","In addition to rice, the Nojiri fields produce edible herbs and flowers, Awa Bancha tea, and citruses such as yuzu, yuko, and sudachi."]
[6654,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","食","ユコウ","ゆこう","yuko","野尻の田畑は、米に加え、食用のハーブや花、阿波晩茶、また柚子、ユコウ、およびスダチなどの柑橘類を生産しています。","In addition to rice, the Nojiri fields produce edible herbs and flowers, Awa Bancha tea, and citruses such as yuzu, yuko, and sudachi.","※「yuko」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[6655,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","食","スダチ","すだち","sudachi","野尻の田畑は、米に加え、食用のハーブや花、阿波晩茶、また柚子、ユコウ、およびスダチなどの柑橘類を生産しています。","In addition to rice, the Nojiri fields produce edible herbs and flowers, Awa Bancha tea, and citruses such as yuzu, yuko, and sudachi.","※「sudachi」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[6656,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","建造物等","農村舞台","のうそんぶたい","noson butai","上勝には神社に隣接する農村舞台と呼ばれる小さな野外舞台がたくさんあります。","Kamikatsu has a number of small outdoor stages called noson butai next to Shinto shrines. ","※「noson butai」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[6657,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","その他","迫り","せり","trap door","これらの舞台には、シンプルながらも、迫りや、演奏者や語り手のための演壇など、さまざまな仕掛けが備えられていました。","The stages, though simple, were equipped with varying mechanisms such as trap doors and platforms for musicians and narrators."]
[6658,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","その他","語り手","かたりて","narrator","これらの舞台には、シンプルながらも、迫りや、演奏者や語り手のための演壇など、さまざまな仕掛けが備えられていました。","The stages, though simple, were equipped with varying mechanisms such as trap doors and platforms for musicians and narrators."]
[6659,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神明神社","しんめいじんじゃ","Shinmei Jinja Shrine","田野々：神明神社\n舞台装置：語り手の演壇、仮花道","Tanono: Shinmei Jinja Shrine\nStage mechanisms: Platform for a narrator, temporary hanamachi passage"]
[6660,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","その他","花道","はなみち","hanamachi","田野々：神明神社\n舞台装置：語り手の演壇、仮花道","Tanono: Shinmei Jinja Shrine\nStage mechanisms: Platform for a narrator, temporary hanamachi passage","※「hanamachi」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「passage」も使用することも可能。"]
[6661,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","上勝阿波晩茶祭り","かみかつあわばんちゃまつり","Kamikatsu Awa Bancha Tea Festival ","九月下旬に開催される上勝阿波晩茶祭りは、茶農家の人々との交流や、異なるお茶の試飲と比較ができる貴重な機会となっています。","The Kamikatsu Awa Bancha Tea Festival in late September offers a rare opportunity to meet tea farmers and taste and compare the different teas."]
[6662,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","湖沼","美愁湖","びしゅうこ","Lake Bishu","コースは、上勝の棚田、森、そして美愁湖を探索します。","The courses navigate Kamikatsu’s rice terraces, forests, and Lake Bishu."]
[6663,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","河川・渓谷","殿川内渓谷","とのかわうちけいこく","Tonokawauchi Valley","勝浦川の岸に沿って、赤い斑点のあるサーモン（アメゴ）が釣れる殿川内渓谷や、鮎（アユ）が釣れる月ヶ谷温泉周辺の地域など、良好な釣り場がたくさんあります。","There are many good fishing spots along its banks, like the Tonokawauchi Valley for red-spotted salmon (amego) and the area around Tsukigatani Onsen for sweetfish (ayu)."]
[6664,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","動物","アメゴ","あめご","amego","勝浦川の岸に沿って、赤い斑点のあるサーモン（アメゴ）が釣れる殿川内渓谷や、鮎（アユ）が釣れる月ヶ谷温泉周辺の地域など、良好な釣り場がたくさんあります。","There are many good fishing spots along its banks, like the Tonokawauchi Valley for red-spotted salmon (amego) and the area around Tsukigatani Onsen for sweetfish (ayu).","※「amego」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「red-spotted salmon」も使用することも可能。"]
[6665,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","温泉","月ヶ谷温泉","つきがたにおんせん","Tsukigatani Onsen","勝浦川の岸に沿って、赤い斑点のあるサーモン（アメゴ）が釣れる殿川内渓谷や、鮎（アユ）が釣れる月ヶ谷温泉周辺の地域など、良好な釣り場がたくさんあります。","There are many good fishing spots along its banks, like the Tonokawauchi Valley for red-spotted salmon (amego) and the area around Tsukigatani Onsen for sweetfish (ayu)."]
[6666,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","その他","トモヅリ","ともづり","tomozuri","地元の店では、トモヅリと呼ばれる伝統的なおとり漁法でアユを捕まえるために使うおとりとして、生きたアユを売っています。","Local shops sell live ayu to use as decoys for catching ayu in a traditional decoy fishing technique called tomozuri. ","※「tomozuri」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[6667,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","湖沼","正木ダム","まさきだむ","Masaki Dam","美愁湖：この湖は1977年度に勝浦川上に正木ダムが完成した際に形成されました。","Lake Bishu: This lake was formed when Masaki Dam was completed on the Katsuura River in FY1977."]
[6668,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","滝","灌頂ヶ滝","かんじょうがたき","Kanjogadaki Falls","灌頂ヶ滝：この80メートルある滝は慈眼寺に向かう道の途中にあります。","Kanjogadaki Falls: This 80-meter waterfall is found on the way to Jigenji Temple. "]
[6669,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","慈眼寺","じげんじ","Jigenji Temple","灌頂ヶ滝：この80メートルある滝は慈眼寺に向かう道の途中にあります。","Kanjogadaki Falls: This 80-meter waterfall is found on the way to Jigenji Temple. "]
[6670,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","滝","百間滝","ひゃっけんだき","Hyakken Falls","百間滝：この30メートルの滝を眺めることのできる滝つぼへと続く遊歩道があります。","Hyakken Falls: There is a walking trail that leads to the waterfall basin, which has views of the 30-meter waterfall."]
[6671,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","滝","ふいご滝","ふいごたき","Fuigo Falls","ふいご滝：この滝の下にある滝つぼは岩壁に囲まれており、その景色をさらに力強いものにしています。","Fuigo Falls: The basin at the foot of the falls is surrounded by rocky cliffs, adding to the power of the scenery."]
[6672,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","滝","雄淵","おんぶち","Onbuchi Falls","雄淵では流れ落ちる水のとどろきが空気を満たし、一方さらに下流にある小ぶりな雌淵は遊歩道から見ることができます。","The roar of falling water fills the air at Onbuchi Falls, while further downstream the diminutive Menbuchi Falls can be seen from the trail."]
[6673,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","滝","雌淵","めんぶち","Menbuchi Falls","雄淵では流れ落ちる水のとどろきが空気を満たし、一方さらに下流にある小ぶりな雌淵は遊歩道から見ることができます。","The roar of falling water fills the air at Onbuchi Falls, while further downstream the diminutive Menbuchi Falls can be seen from the trail."]
[6674,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","植物","紅葉モミジ","こうようもみじ","koyo maple","梅の花は春の訪れを告げ、蓮の葉は夏に涼しさを感じさせ、また、紅葉モミジ、ノムラモミジ、およびチシオモミジなどの赤いモミジの葉は、秋の気配を感じさせます。","Plum blossoms signal the arrival of spring, lotus leaves impart coolness in the summer, and red maple leaves, including the koyo maple, the nomura maple, and the chishio maple, carry a feeling of autumn.","※「koyo」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[6675,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","植物","ノムラモミジ","のむらもみじ","nomura maple","梅の花は春の訪れを告げ、蓮の葉は夏に涼しさを感じさせ、また、紅葉モミジ、ノムラモミジ、およびチシオモミジなどの赤いモミジの葉は、秋の気配を感じさせます。","Plum blossoms signal the arrival of spring, lotus leaves impart coolness in the summer, and red maple leaves, including the koyo maple, the nomura maple, and the chishio maple, carry a feeling of autumn.","※「nomura」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[6676,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","植物","チシオモミジ","ちしおもみじ","chishio maple","梅の花は春の訪れを告げ、蓮の葉は夏に涼しさを感じさせ、また、紅葉モミジ、ノムラモミジ、およびチシオモミジなどの赤いモミジの葉は、秋の気配を感じさせます。","Plum blossoms signal the arrival of spring, lotus leaves impart coolness in the summer, and red maple leaves, including the koyo maple, the nomura maple, and the chishio maple, carry a feeling of autumn.","※「chishio」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[6677,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","テーマ施設等","彩山","いろどりやま","Irodori Yama","いろどりネットワーク内の農園は非公開ですが、訪問者は植栽や収穫などの体験プログラムを提供する公共施設を所有している彩山に行くことができます。","Farms in the Irodori network are private, but visitors can go to Irodori Yama, which has a public facility offering hands-on programs like planting and harvesting. "]
[6678,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","建造物等","いろどり橋","いろどりばし","Irodori Bridge","近くの勝浦川にかかるいろどり橋からも、距離を置いて彩山を眺めることができます。","Irodori Yama can also be viewed from a distance from the nearby Irodori Bridge over the Katsuura River."]
[6679,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","自然現象","ヤマビコ","やまびこ","yamabiko","ヤマビコは山に響くやまびこを指し、また神話上の山の妖怪の名前でもあります。","Yamabiko refers to echoes in the mountains and is also the name of a mythical mountain monster.","※「yamabiko」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[6680,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","ヤッホー活動","やっほーかつどう","Yahho Katsudo","2001年、上勝に「ヤッホー活動」と呼ばれる公式の山岳やまびこアクティビティが設立されました。","An official mountain echo activity called “Yahho Katsudo” was established in Kamikatsu in 2001."]
[6681,"徳島県","かみかつ棚田未来づくり協議会","組織・団体","上勝自然体験学習研究会","かみかつしぜんたいけんがくしゅうけんきゅうかい","Kamikatsu Nature Experience Study Group","ヤッホー活動を始めた上勝自然体験学習研究会は、完璧なやまびこを得るための条件を研究しました。","The Kamikatsu Nature Experience Study Group that launched Yahho Katsudo researched the conditions and characteristics of the ideal echo. "]
[6682,"香川県","公益社団法人香川県観光協会","集落・街","讃岐国","さぬきのくに","Sanuki Province","栗林公園はもともと、讃岐国（現在の香川県）を治めた生駒家からその土地を継承した高松藩の領主、松平家の邸宅の一部でした。","Ritsurin Garden was originally a part of the estate of the Matsudaira family, the lords ofthe Takamatsu domain, who inherited its site from the Ikoma family, rulers of Sanuki province (present-day Kagawa Prefecture)."]
[6683,"香川県","公益社団法人香川県観光協会","庭園・公園","回遊","かいゆう","kaiyu","江戸時代に高位の武士に人気があった回遊式庭園であり、丁寧に構成された一連の庭園を、歩きながら眺めることができるのが特徴です。","The garden was built in the kaiyu or stroll garden style, popular among high-ranking samurai during the Edo period, and features a series of carefully composed views that the visitor can admire in succession while walking through the garden."]
[6684,"香川県","公益社団法人香川県観光協会","組織・団体","高松藩","たかまつはん","Takamatsu domain","前者は1600年代初頭に建てられた茅葺き屋根の建物で、庭園を設けた高松藩の大名が江戸時代（1603年〜1867年）に使用していました。","The former is a thatched-roof structure that dates fromthe early 1600s and was used by the daimyo lords of the Takamatsu domain, who builtthe garden during the Edo period (1603–1867). "]
[6685,"香川県","公益社団法人香川県観光協会","人物・人名・役職名","塩飽大工","しわくだいく","Shiwaku Carpenters","操船に長けた者は塩飽水軍と呼ばれ、優れた船大工は塩飽大工と呼ばれるようになりました。","The mariners came to be known as the Shiwaku Navy, while their artisan counterparts were called the Shiwaku Carpenters."]
[6686,"香川県","公益社団法人香川県観光協会","芸能・興行・イベント","瀬戸内国際芸術祭","こくさいげいじゅつさい","Setouchi Triennale","本島と高見島は瀬戸内国際芸術祭の共催地でもあります。","The islands of Honjima and Takamishima are also co-hosts of the Setouchi Triennale art festival."]
[6687,"香川県","公益社団法人香川県観光協会","島しょ","本島","ほんじま","Honjima","本島は、瀬戸大橋の西、香川県沖の瀬戸内海にあり、丸亀市からフェリーで35分で行くことができます。","The island of Honjima is located in the Seto Inland Sea off the coast of Kagawa Prefecture, west of the Seto Ohashi Bridge, and can be reached in 35 minutes by ferry from the city of Marugame. "]
[6688,"香川県","公益社団法人香川県観光協会","島しょ","笠島","かさしま","Kasashima","この歴史は、本島東部の港町笠島ではっきりと見ることができます。19世紀初頭から20世紀初頭にかけて建設された約100棟の建物が残っているのです。","This history is on display in the port town of Kasashima, in the eastern part of Honjima,where some 100 buildings constructed mainly between the beginning of the nineteenthcentury and the early twentieth century survive."]
[6689,"香川県","公益社団法人香川県観光協会","建造物等","なまこ壁","なまこかべ","namako","特徴的な外壁は、黒いタイルの上に厚い白い漆喰を重ねたダイヤモンドのような模様であるナマコ壁で装飾されており、この装飾は元来、土壁を水から守るために開発されました。","Its distinctive exterior walls are decorated with namako, a diamond patternachieved with thick white plaster joints laid over black tiles, originally developed toprotect earthen walls from water."]
[6690,"香川県","公益社団法人香川県観光協会","建造物等","枡形","ますがた","masugata","東向きの大手二の門を通り過ぎ、2つの門のあいだに直角に配置された桝形を通り抜けてきた攻撃者を減速させ、敵を阻止することを目的としていました。","It was intended to stop enemies who had made it past the east-facing Ote Nino Gate and through the masugata, a square between the two gates placed at right angles to each other to slow down attackers. "]
[6691,"香川県","公益社団法人香川県観光協会","建造物等","鬼瓦","おにがわら","onigawara","門の屋根の両端には、鬼瓦と鯱が飾られています。","The roof of the gate is decorated with onigawara tiles and shachihoko sculptures onboth ends"]
[6692,"香川県","公益社団法人香川県観光協会","動物","鯱","しゃちほこ","shachihoko","門の屋根の両端には、鬼瓦と鯱が飾られています。","The roof of the gate is decorated with onigawara tiles and shachihoko sculptures onboth ends."]
[6693,"香川県","公益社団法人香川県観光協会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","太鼓門","たいこもん","taikomon","大手一の門は、太鼓門とも呼ばれます。城主の家臣が門の中で太鼓を叩いて時間を告げていたからです。","Ote Ichino is also referred toas Taikomon (“drum gate”), because the castle lord’s retainers would beat drums withinthe gate to announce the time"]
[6694,"香川県","公益社団法人香川県観光協会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","城山神社","きやまじんじゃ","Kiyama Shrine ","道真公が祈願を行なったとされる山に設けられた城山神社の聖域も、元の場所からわずかに動かされたものの残存しています。","Kiyama Shrine, theShinto sanctuary built on the mountain site where Michizane is believed to have prayed, also remains, though it has been moved slightly from its original location."]
[6695,"香川県","公益社団法人香川県観光協会","人物・人名・役職名","十一面観音","じゅいちめんかのん","Juichimen Kannon","この寺の本尊は、11の頭を持った慈悲の菩薩である十一面観音です。","The temple’s principal deity is Juichimen Kannon, the eleven-headed bodhisattva of compassion."]
[6696,"香川県","公益社団法人香川県観光協会","人物・人名・役職名","奪衣婆","だつえば","Datsueba","奪衣婆とは、日本の民間伝承に登場する人物で、冥土で死者の魂が三途の川を渡って死後の世界へと辿り着く際に待ち構えています。","Datsueba is a character in Japanese folklore who awaits the dead in the Buddhist underworld, where the souls of the deceased must cross the Sanzu River to reach the afterlife."]
[6697,"香川県","公益社団法人香川県観光協会","人物・人名・役職名","閻魔","えんま","Enma","志度寺のもうひとつのお堂では、十一面観音の形をした閻魔大王が祀られています。","Another hall at Shidoji is dedicated to Enma, enshrined in the form of the eleven-headed Kannon. "]
[6698,"香川県","公益社団法人香川県観光協会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","天台宗","てんだいしゅう","Tendai School of Buddhism ","長尾寺は天台宗の寺院で、四国八十八箇所巡礼の第87番札所となっています。","Nagaoji, a temple of the Tendai school of Buddhism, is the 87th site on the 88-temple Shikoku Pilgrimage"]
[6699,"香川県","公益社団法人香川県観光協会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","真言宗","しんごんしゅう","Shingon school of Buddhism","真言宗の聖地である大窪寺は、四国巡礼の最後の寺となる第88番札所です。","Okuboji, a sanctuary of the Shingon school of Buddhism, is the 88th and final temple on the Shikoku Pilgrimage. "]
[6700,"香川県","公益社団法人香川県観光協会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","お遍路","おへんろ","ohenro","この建物は、地元民のほか、「お遍路」と呼ばれる巡礼者たちが、長旅の最後となる寺院に向かう前にしばしば訪れています。","The building is frequented by local residents as well as the pilgrims, called ohenro, making their way toward the last temple on their long journey. "]
[6701,"香川県","公益社団法人香川県観光協会","食","むしろ麹","むしろこうじ","mushiro-koji","かめびし屋は、醸造の要となる麹の仕込みに昔ながらの「むしろ麹」製法を今でも使い続ける、日本唯一の醤油醸造所です。","Kamebishiya is the only soy sauce factory in Japan that still uses the traditional mushiro-koji method of making koji malt, which is a key ingredient in the brewing process. "]
[6702,"香川県","公益社団法人香川県観光協会","食","モロミ","もろみ","moromi","この「もろみ」と呼ばれる混合物は、発酵のために大きな木樽に流し込まれます。","This mixture, or moromi, is then poured into large wooden barrels to ferment."]
[6703,"香川県","公益社団法人香川県観光協会","建造物等","流ワールド","ながれワールド","Nagare World","醸造所の敷地内には、香川にアトリエを構えていた彫刻家、流政之（1923–2018年）が設計した一戸建てのゲストルーム「流ワールド」もあります。","Another structure of interest within the factory is Nagare World, a detached guest room designed by the sculptor Nagare Masayuki (1923–2018), who had an atelier in Kagawa. "]
[6704,"香川県","公益社団法人香川県観光協会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","鬼","おに","oni","この若い主人公は遠くの島である鬼ヶ島へと向かい、仲間の犬、猿、キジと一緒に鬼の一団と戦います。","The young protagonist travels to a distant island, Onigashima, to battle a band of ogres (oni) together with his companions, a dog, monkey, and pheasant"]
[6705,"香川県","公益社団法人香川県観光協会","食","素麺","そうめん","somen","醤油産業やそうめん産業は、中世に島で栄えた塩の生産に端を発しています。","The soy sauce and somen industries have their origins in salt production, which flourished on the island in medieval times. "]
[6706,"香川県","公益社団法人香川県観光協会","食","讃岐うどん","さぬきうどん","sanuki udon","いずれにせよ、9世紀に作られたこの麺は現代の讃岐うどんのように長くなく、小麦粉と塩水を混ぜて作った生地を短く平らにばらしたものだったそうです。","Whatever the case, these ninth-century noodles were not lengthy like modern-day Sanuki udon, but rather short, flat bits of dough made by mixing flour with salt water. "]
[6707,"香川県","公益社団法人香川県観光協会","食","佃煮","つくだに","tsukudani","醤油は日本料理に広く使われており、その中には佃煮作りも入っていますが、佃煮とは海苔と魚、または野菜を醤油、砂糖、みりん（甘い料理酒）で煮込んだもののことです。","Soy sauce is used extensively in Japanese cooking, including in the making of tsukudani, which is small pieces of seaweed, fish, or vegetables simmered in soy sauce, sugar, and mirin (sweet cooking wine). "]
[6708,"香川県・徳島県・愛媛県・高知県","一般社団法人　四国八十八ヶ所霊場会","人物・人名・役職名","弘法大師","こうぼうだいし","Kobo Daishi","空海は死後、「仏教の教えの偉大な師」を意味する弘法大師とも呼ばれるようになりました。そして空海の弟子も、師の足跡を追うようになりました。","The disciples of Kukai, who is also known by his posthumous title of Kobo Daishi, or “Grand Master of Buddhist Teaching,” began to follow in their master’s footsteps."]
[6709,"香川県・徳島県・愛媛県・高知県","一般社団法人　四国八十八ヶ所霊場会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","四國偏禮道指南","へんろみちしるべ","Shikoku henro michishirube (Guide to the Shikoku Pilgrimage)","『四國偏禮道指南』に載った寺のほとんどは、今でも88ヶ所に挙げられています。挙げられています。また、眞念の標識は、徒歩で巡礼をする場合でも、車で巡礼をする場合でも、電車で巡礼をする場合でも、今でも巡礼者の目印となっています。","Titled Shikoku henro michishirube (Guide to the Shikoku Pilgrimage), this book was the first to describe an 88-temple pilgrimage route around the island, numbering each temple and providing practical guidance for pilgrims."]
[6710,"香川県・徳島県・愛媛県・高知県","一般社団法人　四国八十八ヶ所霊場会","集落・街","讃岐国","さぬきのくに","Sanuki Province","現在善通寺（遍路の75ヶ所目）となっている場所で讃岐国（現在の香川県）の貴族だった佐伯家に生まれた空海は、仏教に深い関心を抱くようになりました。","Born into the aristocratic Saeki family in Sanuki Province (present-day Kagawa Prefecture), on the site of what is now Zentsuji Temple..."]
[6711,"香川県・徳島県・愛媛県・高知県","一般社団法人　四国八十八ヶ所霊場会","その他","同行二人","どうぎょうににん","dogyo ninin","同行二人（「ともに旅をする」）という言葉が、四国の巡礼者が被る笠や携帯する杖に書かれています。","The phrase dogyo ninin (“traveling together”) is written on the sedge hats worn by Shikoku pilgrims, as well as on the walking sticks they carry."]
[6712,"香川県・徳島県・愛媛県・高知県","一般社団法人　四国八十八ヶ所霊場会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","納経帳","のうきょうちょう","nokyocho","巡礼の慣行には、寺で祈ったり納経帳に御朱印や書を集めたり他の巡礼者と会話することなどが含まれます。","Such customs include praying at temples, collecting temple stamps and calligraphy in one’s nokyocho notebook, and interacting with fellow pilgrims."]
[6713,"香川県・徳島県・愛媛県・高知県","一般社団法人　四国八十八ヶ所霊場会","その他","お接待","おせったい","osettai","お接待と呼ばれるこの習慣は、数世紀前に遡るものです。","This custom, called osettai, has roots that go back centuries."]
[6714,"香川県・徳島県・愛媛県・高知県","一般社団法人　四国八十八ヶ所霊場会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大師堂","だいしどう","Daishi hall","大師堂では、ろうそくへの点火からお祈りまで、本堂と同じ手順を繰り返します。","At the Daishi hall (daishido), repeat the procedure for the main hall, from candle-lighting to prayer."]
[6715,"香川県・徳島県・愛媛県・高知県","一般社団法人　四国八十八ヶ所霊場会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","納経","のうきょう","nokyo","本堂と大師堂でお祈りしたら寺務所へ行き、納経帳（持っている場合は、掛軸と白衣も）を渡し、印章と墨書きからなる御朱印をいただきましょう。","This act and its alternative, the offering of a written copy of the same sutras, are referred to as nokyo (“dedicating sutras”)."]
[6716,"香川県・徳島県・愛媛県・高知県","一般社団法人　四国八十八ヶ所霊場会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","梵字","ぼんじ","bonji","御朱印は右から左に、寺院の番号、御本尊の名前（梵字またはサンスクリット語）、寺院の名前を表します。","From right to left, the stamps indicate the number of the temple, its principal deity (expressed with a bonji, or Sanskrit letter), and the temple’s name."]
[6717,"香川県・徳島県・愛媛県・高知県","一般社団法人　四国八十八ヶ所霊場会","その他","白衣","はくえ","hakue","この証明は、白衣（200円）や納経軸（500円）でも受け取ることができます。","This proof can also be received on a hakue jacket (for 200 yen) and on a kakejiku hanging scroll (500 yen)."]
[6718,"香川県・徳島県・愛媛県・高知県","一般社団法人　四国八十八ヶ所霊場会","工芸・美術品","掛軸","かけじく","kakejiku","この証明は、白衣（200円）や掛軸（500円）でも受け取ることができます。","This proof can also be received on a hakue jacket (for 200 yen) and on a kakejiku hanging scroll (500 yen)."]
[6719,"香川県・徳島県・愛媛県・高知県","一般社団法人　四国八十八ヶ所霊場会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","御影","みえい","miei","御影とは、仏様の絵が描かれた紙のことです。","A miei is a slip of paper with a picture of a Buddhist deity on it."]
[6720,"香川県・徳島県・愛媛県・高知県","一般社団法人　四国八十八ヶ所霊場会","工芸・美術品","菅笠","すげがさ","Sedge hat","菅笠は、主に風雨から身を守るため着用するものです。","The sedge hat is worn mainly as protection from the elements."]
[6721,"香川県・徳島県・愛媛県・高知県","一般社団法人　四国八十八ヶ所霊場会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","金剛杖","こんごうづえ","Walking stick","この杖は弘法大師を象徴しており、そのお遍路の創始者に見守られていることを想起させる物なので、巡礼者にとって最も大切な持ち物とされています。","The walking stick or staff is considered a pilgrim’s most prized possession because it symbolizes Kobo Daishi and serves as a reminder that the founder of the pilgrimage is watching over you."]
[6722,"香川県・徳島県・愛媛県・高知県","一般社団法人　四国八十八ヶ所霊場会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","輪袈裟","わげさ","wagesa","輪袈裟は、首周りにまとう薄い布で、僧侶の袈裟を略式にしたものです。","A thin piece of cloth worn around the neck, the wagesa is a simplified version of a Buddhist priest’s robes."]
[6723,"香川県・徳島県・愛媛県・高知県","一般社団法人　四国八十八ヶ所霊場会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","納札","おさめふだ","name slip","納札は巡礼者のあいだでも交換され、地元の人々のもてなしに謝意を示すために渡すこともあります。","Name slips are also exchanged among pilgrims and given to local residents as gratitude for their hospitality."]
[6724,"香川県・徳島県・愛媛県・高知県","一般社団法人　四国八十八ヶ所霊場会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","お砂踏み","おすなふみ","o-sunafumi","四国の恵みをより多くの人に知ってもらうため、江戸時代（1603〜1867年）に、一部の巡礼者たちが聖地から砂を持ち帰り、これを使った「お砂踏み」と呼ばれる巡礼の縮小版を全国各地で始めました。","To make the blessings of Shikoku accessible to a wider audience, some pilgrims in the Edo period (1603–1867) started bringing back sand from the sacred sites and using this to create miniature pilgrimages called o-sunafumi in locations throughout Japan."]
[6725,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","工芸・美術品","釉上彩","うわぐすりじょうあや","multicolor overglaze","1640年代には、地元の陶工たちが中国の上絵技術を学び、日本で初めてとなる釉上彩（上絵（うわえ）または赤絵（あかえ）と呼ばれる）の色絵磁器が登場した。","The first domestically produced porcelain with multicolor overglaze (known as uwa-e or aka-e) appeared in the 1640s, when local artists learned how to recreate Chinese overglaze techniques."]
[6726,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","工芸・美術品","膾皿","なますざら","namasu-zara (for side dishes)","有田の職人は国内市場向けに、茶碗、膾皿（なますざら）（副菜用の皿）、手塩皿（てしおざら）（漬物野菜や薬味用の皿）といった小皿を主に生産する傾向が強かった。","The shape and size of each dish is chosen to best complement the food. Arita craftsmen tended to produce smaller pieces for the Japanese market, such as rice bowls, namasu-zara (for side dishes), and teshio-zara (for pickled vegetables or condiments)."]
[6727,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","人物・人名・役職名","重要無形文化財保持者（人間国宝）","じゅうようむけいぶんかざいほじしゃ（にんげんこくほう）","Preservers of Important Intangible Cultural Properties of Japan (“Living National Treasures”)","企画展のほか、常設展では日本芸術院会員や国の重要無形文化財保持者（人間国宝）に認定された方の作品を見ることができる。","It hosts special exhibitions and regularly displays works by members of the Japan Art Academy, as well as by individuals certified as Preservers of Important Intangible Cultural Properties of Japan (“Living National Treasures”)."]
[6728,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","工芸・美術品","初期伊万里","しょきいまり","Early Imari or shoki imari ",null,"The exhibit features primarily Karatsu ware, Japan’s first porcelains (now known as Early Imari or shoki imari in Japanese), as well as subsequent Arita ware styles including the Kakiemon and kinrande styles. "]
[6729,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","工芸・美術品","金襴手","きんらんで","kinrande","江戸（えど）時代（1603～1867）には様々な様式の有田焼が欧州に輸出されたが、中でも人気があったのが金襴手（きんらんで）様式である。","Europe during the Edo period (1603–1867), but the kinrande (literally “gold brocade”) style was popular."]
[6730,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","工芸・美術品","柿右衛門様式","かきえもんようしき","Kakiemon-style","柿右衛門（かきえもん）様式や金襴手（きんらんで）様式の作品は初期の作品との違いが際立つようになり、有田焼の発展の過程を見て取ることができる。","Kakiemon-style and kinrande-style pieces are contrasted with earlier pieces to indicate how Arita ware developed."]
[6731,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","工芸・美術品","窯元","かまもと","kilns","文化館の展示ホールにあるこの特別な時計は、有田にある13の主要窯元が共同で制作したものである。","This special clock in the main hall of the museum was created through the collaboration of 13 major kilns in Arita. "]
[6732,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","郷土景観","棚田","たなだ","rice paddies","平らな土地が少なかったため、人々は棚田を作った。","Take no Tanada rice paddies in the northwest of the city. "]
[6733,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","工芸・美術品","登り窯","のぼりがま","climbing kilns (noborigama)","建物のデザインは、江戸（えど）時代（1603～1867）に有田で主に使われていた伝統的な登り窯から着想を得たものである。","The building’s design takes inspiration from the traditional climbing kilns (noborigama) that were commonly used in Arita during the Edo period (1603–1867). "]
[6734,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","人物・人名・役職名","藩主","はんしゅ","rulers","この磁石場のおかげで日本で初めての磁器の大量生産が可能になったため、佐賀（さが）藩主の鍋島（なべしま）家にとって、この場所は重要な供給源となった。","The quarry represented a major resource for the Nabeshima family, rulers of Saga domain, because it made the large-scale production of porcelain possible in Japan for the first time. "]
[6735,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","その他","セリサイト","せりさいと","sericite","また、泉山の磁石にはセリサイトと呼ばれる細かい粒の雲母の集合体が含まれており、このセリサイトが粉石を粘土のように結合させている。","The pottery stone at Izumiyama also contains sericite, an aggregate of fine grains of mica, that help bond the powdered stone together as clay. "]
[6736,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","史跡","番所","ばんしょ","guardhouse","この番所は、江戸（えど）時代（1603～1867）に設けられた5つの番所のひとつである。","The guardhouse was one of five built during the Edo period (1603–1867)."]
[6737,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","その他","国の天然記念物","くにのてんねんきねんぶつ","National Natural Monument","上の口屋番所は、国の天然記念物に指定されており樹齢約1000年と見られる大公孫樹（おおいちょう）の隣にあった。","The Kami-no-Kuchiya Guardhouse was located next to the Ōicho, a large ginkgo tree registered as a National Natural Monument and believed to be about 1,000 years old. "]
[6738,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","建造物等","トンバイ","トンバイ","Tonbai","トンバイ塀は有田の町の各所に今も残っているが、その中でも一番の長さと保存状態の良さを誇る塀を内山（うちやま）地区の裏通り沿いで見ることができる。","Tonbai, a word of uncertain origin, refers to the fireproof bricks used to create the traditional chambered, climbing kilns (noborigama) that were commonly used in Arita during the Edo period (1603–1867). "]
[6739,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","六地蔵菩薩","ろくじぞうぼさつ","Six Jizo Bodhisattva","広場の一角にある小さな墓地の入り口に、六地蔵菩薩の像が立っている。","Six Jizo Bodhisattva statues stand at the entrance to a small graveyard on one side of the square. "]
[6740,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","その他","水碓","みずたい"," trip hammers","近代までの有田の磁器生産には、川が重要な役割を果たしており、磁石を粉状に砕くために使われる水碓の動力となっていた。","Rivers played an important role in Arita’s porcelain production until the modern era, providing needed power for the trip hammers used to crush pottery stone into powder."]
[6741,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","その他","焼け跡","やけあと","burn marks","この地蔵の下の方には、焼け跡を今でも見ることができる。","Burn marks are still visible near the bottom of the statue."]
[6742,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神輿","みこし","portable shrine, or mikoshi","陶山神社のその他の主な祭りには、毎年10月16日に開かれる有田おくんちがあり、神輿と呼ばれる移動式の神社が、近隣の8つの各地区を練り歩く。","A portable shrine, or mikoshi, is paraded through each of the eight surrounding neighborhoods. "]
[6743,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","工芸・美術品","古伊万里","こいまり","Ko-Imari (Old Imari)","1階には、十三代今右衛門（1926～2001）が収集した17世紀初期の古伊万里（こいまり）の作品が主に展示されている。","The first floor features early seventeenth-century Ko-Imari (Old Imari) pieces collected by Imaemon XIII (1926−2001). "]
[6744,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","工芸・美術品","鍋島焼","なべしまやき","Nabeshima ware","藩のために作られた磁器は鍋島焼を呼ばれるようになり、染付の上に赤・黄・緑の赤絵を施したデザインが特徴である。","Porcelain made for the domain came to be called Nabeshima ware, and its style is characterized by designs in overglaze red, yellow, and green on underglaze blue."]
[6745,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","工芸・美術品","ろくろ","ろくろ","wheels","床に座ってろくろを回す陶工や、膝をついて成形している陶工、様々な種類の筆を使って下絵を描く職人がいる。","Potters sit on the floor working wheels, while others knead and shape clay and artisans paint underglaze with various brushes."]
[6746,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","工芸・美術品","箸置き","はしおき","chopstick rests","現当主で、六代源右衛門の次男・金子昌司（かねこしょうじ）（1957年生まれ）さんも、ティーカップや箸置きなど日常使いの手作り作品の生産に引き続き注力している。","The current head of the kiln, Gen-emon VI’s second son Kaneko Shoji (b. 1957), continues to focus production on handmade pieces for everyday use such as teacups and chopstick rests."]
[6747,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","その他","重油","じゅうゆ","heavy oil","生産方法が薪から石炭や重油、そしてガス窯へと変わっていったため、これらの煙突は廃れていった。","As production methods changed from using wood as fuel, to coal and heavy oil, and then to gas-fired kilns, these chimneys became obsolete. "]
[6748,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","工芸・美術品","装飾品","そうしょくひん","decorative objects ","訪れた人は西山さんの案内を受けながら、有田の主要窯元の名工たちが代々作り上げてきたテーブルウェアや装飾品を見ることができる。","Guided by the owner, visitors can view tableware and decorative objects produced by generations of masters of Arita’s major kilns. "]
[6749,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","食","会席料理","かいせきりょうり","kaiseki meals","JR有田駅から徒歩8分の場所にある保名では、由緒ある有田焼の器で会席料理を提供している。","Located an 8-minute walk away from the JR Arita Station, Yasuna serves kaiseki meals on authentic Arita ware. "]
[6750,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","その他","宮内庁御用達","くないちょうごようたし","official purveyor","1910年、深川製磁は磁器のテーブルウェアの納入者として宮内庁御用達を拝命した。","Fukagawa-Seiji was appointed an official purveyor of porcelain tableware to the Japanese Imperial Household in 1910. "]
[6751,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","工芸・美術品","花瓶","かびん","vases","そして海外市場で人気を博し、深川製磁が作った一対の大花瓶は、1900年のパリ万博と1904年のセントルイス万博でどちらも金牌を受賞した。","He found popularity in foreign markets—pairs of large Fukagawa-Seiji vases were awarded a gold medal at both the 1900 Paris Exposition and the 1904 St. Louis Exposition."]
[6752,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","その他","コレラ","コレラ","cholera","ただ残念ながら、コレラが流行したため、結局夫妻は有田を旅することはできず、この建物を訪れることもなかった。","Unfortunately, due to a cholera outbreak the Grants were ultimately unable to travel to Arita and never visited the building."]
[6753,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","その他","電気絶縁体","でんきぜつえんたい","electrical insulators","電気絶縁体、磁器美術品、ファインセラミックの3つが中核事業部となっている。","The company’s three core production groups are electrical insulators, porcelain art, and fine ceramics."]
[6754,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","建造物等","小学校","しょうがっこう","elementary school","本館は、廃校になった明治（めいじ）時代（1868～1912）の小学校から出た木材を使って建てられた。","The main factory building was built from timber sourced from a defunct Meiji-era (1868–1912) elementary school. "]
[6755,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","その他","ゴールデンウィーク","ゴールデンウィーク","Golden Week","期間中に祝日が4日あるこのゴールデンウィークは、1年で最も混み合う行楽・旅行シーズンのひとつでもある。","Encompassing four national holidays, Golden Week is one of Japan’s busiest holiday and travel seasons."]
[6756,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","その他","卸","おろし","commercial park","2018年、有田焼卸はアリタセラとして生まれ変わった。","In 2018, the commercial park was reborn as Arita Será. Será is a word combining the Japanese pronunciations of “seller” and “ceramics.” "]
[6757,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","その他","外国人貿易商","がいこくじんぼうえきしょう","foreign buyers","この西洋館は、有田焼を買い付けに来る外国人貿易商をもてなすために田代助作（たしろすけさく）（1890年没）が1876年に建てたものである。","The Seiyōkan (Western-style house) was built in 1876 by Tashiro Sukesaku (d. 1890) to host visiting foreign buyers of Arita ware. "]
[6758,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","建造物等","ロビー","ロビー"," foyer","ロビーのらせん階段や窓ガラス、ドア枠、ステンドグラスなど、建築当初の特徴は今でもいくつか残っている。","Several original features of the building remain: the curved staircase in the foyer, windowpanes, door frames, and stained glass. "]
[6759,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","乗物","馬車","ばしゃ","Horse-drawn carriages","馬車はこの門の内側の少し広くなっている場所でUターンをしなければならなかった。","Horse-drawn carriages had to turn around in the slightly wider space within the gate. "]
[6760,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","工芸・美術品","極真焼","ごくしんやき","gokushin-yaki","1811年、八代当主喜平次（きへいじ）（生没年不詳）は、極真焼（ごくしんやき）と呼ばれる独特の磁器焼成方法を作り出した。","In 1811, Kiheiji VIII (dates unknown) created a unique method of firing porcelain called gokushin-yaki. "]
[6761,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","社会","分業制","ぶんぎょうせい","bungyōsei system","許認可ルールを厳しく定めた分業制（ぶんぎょうせい）のもと、職人たちは生産のひとつの部分にしか特化することができなかった。","Craftsmen could only specialize in one part of production under the bungyōsei system, a strict set of licensing rules. "]
[6762,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","その他","佐賀県重要文化財","さがけんじゅうようぶんかざい","Saga Prefectural Important Cultural Property","1830年代～1850年代のいずれかの時点で作られたこの大皿は佐賀県重要文化財に指定されてある。","Made sometime between the 1830s and 1850s, it is a Saga Prefectural Important Cultural Property. "]
[6763,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","世界博覧会","せかいはくらんかい","World Fairs","また、明治（めいじ）時代（1868～1912）に世界博覧会で展示されたり海外に輸出されたりした磁器も展示されている。","Also on display are porcelain pieces exhibited at World Fairs and exported abroad during the Meiji period (1868–1912). "]
[6764,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","その他","重要伝統的建造物群保存地区","じゅうようでんとうてきけんぞうぶつぐんほぞんちく","National Important Preservation District for Groups of Historic Buildings","1991年には一帯が国の重要伝統的建造物群保存地区に指定された。","In 1991 the area was designated as a National Important Preservation District for Groups of Historic Buildings. "]
[6765,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","その他","裏通り","うらどおり","back streets","一部の裏通りには、古い登り窯から出た廃レンガで作ったトンバイ塀がある。","Several of the district’s back streets have tonbai walls constructed with bricks salvaged from old climbing kilns."]
[6766,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","工芸・美術品","磁器片","じきかた","sherds","磁器片が斜めに堆積しているのは、これらが山の斜面に捨てられたことの表れである。","The diagonally-shaped accumulation of the sherds reflects the slope of the hill at the time they were thrown away. "]
[6767,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","植物","赤松","あかまつ","Japanese red pine","明治（めいじ）時代（1868～1912）に作られた伝統的な薪窯は赤松を燃料とし、十五代柿右衛門だけが作ることのできる乳白色の特別品、濁手（にごしで）の器を焼くために年に3～4回使われる。","The traditional woodfired kiln, finished during the Meiji period (1868−1912), is fueled with Japanese red pine, and is used three to four times a year to fire the specialty milky-white nigoshide pieces which can be created only by Kakiemon XV himself. "]
[6768,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","工芸・美術品","濁手","にごしで","nigoshide","濁手磁器とは乳白色をした磁器のことで、その作り方は門外不出であり、柿右衛門当主だけが知っていた。","Nigoshide refers to the milky white color of the ceramic body, and its production was a closely guarded secret, known only to the Kakiemon family head."]
[6769,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","動物","カジカ","カジカ","kajika","また、夏になると聞こえるカジカ（河鹿）ガエルの鳴き声は、700年代以来、俳句の題目にもなってきた。","The calls of the kajika (literally “river deer”) frog that resound in the woods of the valley in summer has been a subject of poetry since the 700s. "]
[6770,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","建造物等","多目的ダム","たもくてきダム","multipurpose dam","そこで、治水や利水、河川環境の保護、町の給水の安定化を目的に多目的ダムが作られたのである。","The multipurpose dam was built for flood control, water intake stabilization, conservation of the river environment, and to stabilize the town’s water supply."]
[6771,"佐賀県","有田インバウンド多言語解説整備協議会","人物・人名・役職名","農民たち","のうみんたち","farmers","有田の山がちな地形を最大限活用するべく、江戸（えど）時代（1603～1867）初期の農民たちは苦労しながらも多くの斜面に棚田を切り開いた。","In order to make the most of Arita’s mountainous terrain, farmers during the early Edo period (1603−1867) painstakingly built terraced rice paddies along many of its slopes. "]
[6772,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","その他","シュガーロード","しゅがーろーど","Sugar Road","当時、日本で唯一の貿易港であった長崎と九州北部の小倉市を結ぶ高速道路は、ヨーロッパ船が長崎に運んできた砂糖の輸送路であったことから「砂糖の道」の愛称で親しまれていました。","Linking Nagasaki—Japan’s sole open trading port in those days—with the city of Kokura in northern Kyushu, the highway was nicknamed “Sugar Road.” It served as a transport route for sugar, a much-coveted commodity brought by European ships to Nagasaki. "]
[6773,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","温泉","シーボルトの湯","しーぼるとのゆ","Siebold no Yu","高速道路に沿って貿易を介して西洋との接触の影響は、町の様々な建物、特にシーボルトの湯ではヨーロッパスタイルの建物を見ることができます。 その名は、温泉水の影響を分析するためにこの地域で時間を過ごしたドイツの科学者、フィリップ・フランツ・フォン・シーボルト（1796-1866）に由来しています。","The influence of contact with the West via the trade along the highway can be observed in the architecture of various buildings in the town, notably Siebold no Yu, a European-style building housing a spa. It takes its name from Philipp Franz von Siebold (1796–1866), a German scientist who spent time in the area analyzing the effects of the hot-spring water. "]
[6774,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","食","湯豆腐","ゆどうふ","Yudofu (tofu hot pot) ","湯豆腐（湯豆腐鍋）は、温泉水のようにシルキーな食感が特徴の嬉野の郷土料理です。","Yudofu (tofu hot pot) is a local delicacy in Ureshino, renowned for a texture as silky as the hot-spring water with which it is made. "]
[6775,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","豊玉姫","とよたまひめ","Toyotamahime","美貌の神として知られる豊玉姫（とよたまひめ）の伝説は、日本の二つの古代史である『古事記』と『日本書紀』に広く記録されています。","The legend of Toyotamahime, a Shinto deity known for her beauty, has been extensively recorded in the texts of Japan’s two most ancient histories, the Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters) and Nihon shoki (Chronicles of Japan). "]
[6776,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","書物","古事記","こじき","Kojiki \n(Records of Ancient Matters) ","美貌の神として知られる豊玉姫（とよたまひめ）の伝説は、日本の二つの古代史である『古事記』と『日本書紀』に広く記録されています。","The legend of Toyotamahime, a Shinto deity known for her beauty, has been extensively recorded in the texts of Japan’s two most ancient histories, the Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters) and Nihon shoki (Chronicles of Japan). "]
[6777,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","書物","日本書紀","にほんしょき"," Nihon shoki (Chronicles of Japan)","美貌の神として知られる豊玉姫（とよたまひめ）の伝説は、日本の二つの古代史である『古事記』と『日本書紀』に広く記録されています。","The legend of Toyotamahime, a Shinto deity known for her beauty, has been extensively recorded in the texts of Japan’s two most ancient histories, the Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters) and Nihon shoki (Chronicles of Japan). "]
[6778,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","火遠理命","ほおりのみこと","Prince Hoori no Mikoto","豊玉姫（とよたまひめ）は、神話上の皇族の祖先である火遠理命と結婚したとされています。","Toyotamahime, the story goes, married Prince Hoori no Mikoto, a mythical ancestor of the Japanese imperial line."]
[6779,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","手水舎","ちょうずや","chozuya","現在の豊玉姫神社には、地元の温泉水を使った手水舎があります。この水で手を清めてから参拝します。","At Toyotamahime Shrine today, local hot spring water flows into the hand-washing basin (chozuya). People purify their hands there before entering the shrine. "]
[6780,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","組織・団体","蓮池藩","はすいけはん","Hasuike domain"," 1615年に社殿が再建された後、初代蓮池藩主・鍋島直澄（1616～1669）は、鍋島家の家紋の使用を認め、神社の威信を大きく向上させました。","After the shrine was rebuilt in 1615, Nabeshima Naozumi (1616–1669), the first lord of the Hasuike domain, allowed the use of the Nabeshima family crest, which greatly improved the prestige of the shrine."]
[6781,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","鳥居","とりい","torii gate","1882年（明治15年）に現在の場所に移転しましたが、入口から３番目の鳥居など江戸時代に建てられた建造物の一部がそのまま残っています。","The shrine moved to its current location in 1882, but some of the structures built during the Edo period, such as the third torii gate from the entrance, survive intact today. "]
[6782,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","植物","大チャノキ","だいちゃのき","Daichanoki ","樹齢340年以上と推定される巨大な茶の木「大チャノキ」。","The giant tea tree known as Daichanoki is estimated to be at least 340 years old. "]
[6783,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","吉村新兵衛","よしむらしんべえ","Yoshimura Shinbei (1603–1657)","この木は、白石町に住んでいた吉村新兵衛（1603-1657）が、大名鍋島勝茂の嬉野の番付に任命されたことをきっかけに、この木のある皿屋谷に移植されたと言われています。","The tree is said to have been planted by Yoshimura Shinbei (1603–1657), a samurai who lived in the nearby village of Shiroishi before moving to Sarayadani, where the tree is located"]
[6784,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","食","煎茶","せんちゃ","sencha","隠元は煎茶と呼ばれる茶葉と茎を煮出して抽出するお茶を普及させたと言われています。","He is credited with popularizing a form of tea called sencha, which is extracted by boiling leaves and stems. "]
[6785,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","食","隠元","いんげん","Ingen (Chinese name Yinyuan Longqi)","1662年、中国から日本に渡り、京都・宇治の萬福寺に黄檗を開いたのが隠元です。","In 1662 a Chinese monk named Ingen (Chinese name Yinyuan Longqi), traveled to Japan and established the Obaku school of Zen Buddhism at Manpukuji Temple in Uji, Kyoto. "]
[6786,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","食","一番茶","いちばんちゃ","ichibancha","春の剪定 は、お茶（一番茶）の初収穫に備えて2月から始まります。","“Spring pruning” begins in February in preparation for the first harvest of tea (ichibancha)"]
[6787,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","食","てん茶","てんちゃ"," tencha","抹茶は、抹茶を作るために栽培されたてん茶を使って作られています。","Matcha, the powdered tea used in the tea ceremony, is made with tencha, tea grown and prepared for making matcha."]
[6788,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","食","粉茶","こなちゃ","konacha","日本で最も多く栽培されている煎茶を加工して残った茶かすや芽、小葉などを粉末にしたものが「粉茶」です。","Another type of powdered tea, konacha, is made from tea dust, buds, and small leaves left over from processing sencha, the most common type of tea grown in Japan. "]
[6789,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","食","団茶","だんちゃ","dancha (steamed and compressed tea leaves) ","抹茶の起源は、高級な団茶（茶葉を蒸して固めたもの）を使って緑色の粉末を作ったことにあると考えられています。","This type of tea is believed to have originated with the use of high-grade dancha (steamed and compressed tea leaves) to produce a green powder. "]
[6790,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","食","玉露","ぎょくろ","gyokuro","緑茶の最高グレードは玉露です。他のお茶のように処理されていますが、玉露の葉は、収穫する前に、少なくとも 2 週間遮光されています。","The highest grade of green tea is gyokuro. Though processed like other teas, gyokuro leaves have been shaded from sunlight for at least two weeks before harvesting. "]
[6791,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","食","玉緑茶","たまりょくちゃ","tamaryokucha","嬉野で生産されているお茶の中で最も一般的なのは、玉緑茶（たまりょくちゃ）と呼ばれるもので、曲がったコイル状の葉が特徴です。","The most common tea produced in Ureshino is tamaryokucha, a tea characterized by its curved, coiled leaves."]
[6792,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","食","釜炒り茶","かまいりちゃ"," kamairicha","嬉野では、300℃で焙煎する中国の伝統的な釜炒りに似た製法で焙煎した軽い味わいの「釜炒り茶」も生産しています。","Ureshino also produces kamairicha, a tea with a light roasted flavor that is achieved by a method similar to the traditional Chinese style of pan-roasting the leaves at 300°C."]
[6793,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","食","旨味","うまみ","umami","最高の日本茶にちなんだ香ばしいうま味のある緑茶を淹れるには、以下の方法がおすすめです。","The following method is recommended for brewing a pot of green tea that will have the savory umami flavor associated with the best Japanese tea. "]
[6794,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","集落・街","塩田津","しおたつ","Shiotatsu","塩田津は、現在の佐賀県を含む肥前国蓮池藩の時代の建物が多く残る嬉野市の旧市街です。","Shiotatsu is an old district of Ureshino City that contains many buildings dating back to the days of the Hasuike domain of Hizen Province, which included what is now Saga Prefecture. "]
[6795,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","建造物等","居蔵造り","いぐら","igura-style","塩田津では現在も伝統的な居蔵造りの町家が見られます。建築の特徴は、屋根の間に三角形の壁が見える瓦屋根が特徴です。","Traditional igura-style townhouses can still be seen in Shiotatsu today. The architecture is characterized by hipped, tiled roofs with triangular sections of wall visible between the roofs. "]
[6796,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","建造物等","くど造り","くどづくり","kudozukuri style","この住宅は、上から見るとCの字型の茅葺き屋根が特徴の塩田津でも数少ないくど造りの住宅である。","The residence is one of only a few in Shiotatsu built in the kudozukuri style, characterized by a thatched roof shaped like a C when viewed from above. "]
[6797,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","食","こんにゃく","こんにゃく"," konnyaku (konjac)","こんにゃく屋から始まった建物は、大正時代に海運業に転用されました。","The building started out as a konnyaku (konjac) shop before being converted to a shipping business during the Taisho era (1912–1926)"]
[6798,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","松尾芭蕉","まつおばしょう","Matsuo Basho (1644–1694)","境内には俳人松尾芭蕉 (1644–1694)の記念碑があります。 芭蕉はこのお寺を訪れたことはありませんが、この記念碑は地元のファンによって建てられました。","A monument to Matsuo Basho (1644–1694), the famous haiku poet, is located on the temple grounds. Although Basho never visited this temple, the monument was built by local fans. "]
[6799,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","常在寺","じょうざいじ","Jozaiji Temple","常在寺は8世紀初頭に創建されました。625年に中国から日本に伝わった三論宗に属していたという伝説があります。","Jozaiji Temple was built in the early eighth century. There is a legend that it belonged to the Sanron school of Buddhism, which had been introduced to Japan from China in 625. "]
[6800,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","七福神","しちふくじん","Seven Lucky Gods (Shichifukujin) ","日本神話の七福神（七つの福の神様）の1つである大黒天は、インドの神シヴァと神道の大国主の組み合わせから発展し、富と繁栄に結びついています。 ","One of the Seven Lucky Gods (Shichifukujin) of Japanese mythology, Daikokuten evolved from a combination of the Indian god Shiva and the Shinto deity Okuninushi and is associated with wealth and prosperity. "]
[6801,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","書物","天相日記","てんそうにっき","Tenso Diary","5代目の家長である江口平兵衛（1787–1859）は、18年間の日常生活を描いた天相日記を書いたことで知られています。 この日記は江戸時代後期の塩田津での生活を包括的に説明しており、今では歴史的に価値のある文書と見なされています。 ","the fifth-generation head of the family, is known for writing the Tenso Diary, an account of his daily life over a span of 18 years. The diary provides a comprehensive account of life in Shiotatsu in the late Edo period and is now considered a document of historical value."]
[6802,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","建造物等","御倉","おくら","okura","江戸時代（1603〜1867）、嬉野地域で収穫された米は、出荷前に倉庫（御倉）に保管されていました。","During the Edo period (1603–1867) rice harvested in the Ureshino area was kept in large storehouses (okura) prior to shipment. "]
[6803,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","食","ちゃんこ鍋","ちゃんこなべ","chanko nabe hot pot of meat and vegetables","現在は、相撲取りの代表的な料理である「ちゃんこ鍋」を楽しむことができるお店となっています。","It now serves as a restaurant where visitors can enjoy a chanko nabe hot pot of meat and vegetables, a meal typically prepared for sumo wrestlers. "]
[6804,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","食","逸口香","いっこっこう","ikkoko","「逸口香」は、サクサクした外見と空洞のある柔らかいパンケーキのような形をした地元の名物料理でした。中身が空洞にもかかわらず、甘くて強い香りがします。 ","ikkoko, a large pancake with a crispy exterior, a soft, airy interior, and a strong, sweet aroma. It was a local specialty. "]
[6805,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","食","金華糖","きんかとう"," kinkato","「金華糖」は、江戸時代（1603〜1867）に日本で大人気となった砂糖を使ったカラフルで装飾的なお菓子でした。","The second was kinkato, a colorful, decorative sweet made from sugar that enjoyed great popularity in Japan during the Edo period (1603–1867). "]
[6806,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","博物館・美術館","肥前吉田焼 窯元会館","ひぜんよしだやきかまもとかいかん","Hizen Yoshida Pottery Hall","肥前吉田焼窯元会館では、この地域で知られる磁器のスタイルを紹介しています。","The Hizen Yoshida Pottery Hall showcases the style of porcelain for which the area is known. "]
[6807,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","工芸・美術品","水玉茶器","みずたまちゃき","Mizutama Tea Ware","水玉茶器シリーズは、紺色の背景に白の水玉模様をあしらった湯呑みや急須が特徴です。","The Mizutama Tea Ware Series features teacups and teapots with dark blue backgrounds and white polka dots. "]
[6808,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","その他","えくぼとほくろ","えくぼとほくろ"," Ekubo and Hokuro (“Dimples and Moles”)","もう一つの著名なシリーズは、「えくぼとほくろ」シリーズです。通常、陶器や磁器には欠陥がないことが求められます。しかし、このシリーズは欠点の美しさを認め、水玉茶器シリーズをはじめ、くぼみや傷のある商品を割引価格で幅広く販売しています。 ","Another prominent series is called Ekubo and Hokuro (“Dimples and Moles”). Normally, pottery and porcelain products are required to be free from any defects. However, this series acknowledges the beauty of imperfections and sells a wide range of items with indentations or blemishes at a discount, including pieces in the Mizutama Tea Ware Series. "]
[6809,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大定寺","だいじょうじ","Daijoji Temple","大定寺は、9世紀に中国から日本に伝わった真言宗に属し、現在でも幅広い支持を得ています。","Daijoji Temple belongs to the Shingon school of Buddhism, which was introduced to Japan from China in the ninth century and still has a wide following today."]
[6810,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","如来","にょらい","nyorai","「十三仏」として知られていますが、実際には5つの仏（「如来」、悟りを開いた存在の意）、7つの菩薩、1つの明王で構成されています。","The “Thirteen Buddhas” actually consists of five buddhas (nyorai, meaning enlightened being), seven bodhisattvas (bosatsu), and one wisdom king (myo-o). "]
[6811,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","菩薩","ぼさつ","bosatsu","「十三仏」として知られていますが、実際には5つの仏（「如来」、悟りを開いた存在の意）、7つの菩薩、1つの明王で構成されています。","The “Thirteen Buddhas” actually consists of five buddhas (nyorai, meaning enlightened being), seven bodhisattvas (bosatsu), and one wisdom king (myo-o). "]
[6812,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","明王","みょうおう","myo-o","「十三仏」として知られていますが、実際には5つの仏（「如来」、悟りを開いた存在の意）、7つの菩薩、1つの明王で構成されています。","The “Thirteen Buddhas” actually consists of five buddhas (nyorai, meaning enlightened being), seven bodhisattvas (bosatsu), and one wisdom king (myo-o). "]
[6813,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","不動明王","ふどうみょうおう","Fudo Myo-o (Acala in Sanskrit)","明王はもともと、人々を悪から守るための守護神として仏教で採用されたヒンドゥー教の神々です。これらの「明王」の中で最もよく知られているのは不動明王（サンスクリット語でアカラ）で、彼の激しい表情、左手に悪魔を捕まえるためのなげなわ、右手に悪魔を破壊するための剣が特徴です。","Myo-o are originally Hindu deities adopted into the Buddhist pantheon as guardians to protect people against evil. One of the best known of these “wisdom kings” is Fudo Myo-o (Acala in Sanskrit)"]
[6814,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","権現さん","ごんげんさん","Gongen-san ","権現さんは、十三仏の背後にある洞窟に千年以上住んでいたと言われる、水の神として知られる先住民の神の名前です。","Gongen-san is the familiar name for an indigenous deity, known as the god of water, who is said to have resided in the cave behind the Thirteen Buddhas for over 1,000 years. "]
[6815,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","庭園・公園","坊主原パイロット茶園","ぼうずはらぱいろっとちゃえん","Bozuhara Pilot Tea Garden","坊主原パイロット茶園は、九州オルレ嬉野コース沿いにある茶畑で、絵のように美しい山を背景に茶畑を眺めることができます。","The Bozuhara Pilot Tea Garden is a tea farm located along the Kyushu Olle Ureshino Course from which the plantation can be viewed against a picturesque mountain backdrop."]
[6816,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","滝","轟の滝","とどろきの滝","Todoroki Falls","轟滝の起源は、2500万年前の波多津頁岩層という堆積岩の上に、数百万年前に火山活動が始まったことによります。滝の流域面積は2,500平方メートル。轟（とどろき）という名前は、轟（とどろく）という言葉に由来しており、滝の轟音を表しています。 ","Todoroki Falls is due to volcanic activity that began several million years ago on top of a 25-million-year-old Hatatsu Shale Formation, a sedimentary rock formation. The basin of the falls covers an area of 2,500 square meters.The name, deriving from the word todoroku, meaning to roar, refers to the cascade’s thunderous sound. "]
[6817,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","温泉","源泉掛け流し","げんせんかけながし","gensen kakenagashi","「源泉かけ流し」の指定を受けていることを示すために、「源泉かけ流し」と表示しています。この地域の温泉旅館では非常に人気が高いです。 ","The bath’s designation as gensen kakenagashi (pure, free-flowing spring water) is one highly sought after by hot-spring inns in the area, as the label allows them to promote their water as naturally sourced and pure. "]
[6818,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","食","カステラ","かすてら"," castella cake","代表的なものが、1624年にポルトガル人によって日本に伝わったとされるカステラケーキ（かすてら）です。カステラは、現在では日本全国で愛されている黄色いカステラへと進化しました。","A classic example is the castella cake (kasutera) thought to have been introduced to Japan by the Portuguese in 1624. Kasutera evolved into the very popular yellow sponge cake enjoyed throughout the country today."]
[6819,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","食","おこし","おこし","okoshi","また、白米、黒糖、水飴、炭酸ナトリウムを含む粉末や液体で作った「おこし」もこの地域で開発されたお菓子の一例です。","Another example of a sweet developed in this area is okoshi, which is made with white rice, brown sugar, mizuame sweet syrup, and baking soda. "]
[6820,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","食","羊羹","ようかん","yokan","羊羹は江戸時代から親しまれてきたゼリー状の甘味のある豆菓子で、一般的には茶の湯の時に供されています。赤と緑の羊羹、小豆と鴬豆を使った羊羹は、近くの小城市で作られています。","Yokan is a jelled, sweet bean confection that has been popular since the Edo period and is typically served with green tea. Red and green yokan, made from red beans, adzuki, and green beans, uguisumame, is made in the nearby city of Ogi."]
[6821,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","食","丸ぼうろ","まるぼうろ","Marubolo cake","佐賀県にゆかりのあるもう一つのスイーツは、丸い丸とケーキを意味するポルトガル語のボロを組み合わせて名付けられた「丸ぼうろ」です。","Marubolo cake, named by combining the Japanese maru, meaning round, with the Portuguese bolo, meaning cake, is another sweet associated with Saga Prefecture. "]
[6822,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","食","金平糖","こんぺいとう","konpeito","小さくて色とりどりの砂糖菓子「金平糖」も、後に日本に広まった地方のお菓子です。","The small, colorful sugar candies known as konpeito are also a popular sweet from the region that later spread throughout Japan. "]
[6823,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","その他","オルレ","おるれ","olle","オルレという言葉は、韓国の済州島の方言から来ています。韓国語では、通りと人の家の間にある細い道を意味する。","The term olle comes from the local dialect of Jeju Island in South Korea. In Korean, the word refers to a narrow path between a street and someone’s doorstep. "]
[6824,"佐賀県","嬉野市多言語解説協議会","建造物等","カンセ","かんせ","kanse","馬の形をした「カンセ」と呼ばれる馬の頭がコースの方向を指した標識に注目してください。","Keep an eye out for the horse-shaped markers known as kanse with heads pointing in the direction of the course. "]
[6825,"熊本県","熊本市","建造物等","桝形","ますがた","masugata","こうした城の設計は、米を計量するための木箱にちなんで「桝形」と呼ばれています。","This feature in castle design is named masugata (“box-shape”), after a wooden box used to measure rice. ","※「masugata」はで斜体で表記。"]
[6826,"熊本県","熊本市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","行幸坂","みゆきざか","Miyuki Slope","行幸坂","Miyuki Slope"]
[6827,"熊本県","熊本市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","未申櫓","ひつじさるやぐら","Hitsujisaru Turret","未申櫓","Hitsujisaru Turret"]
[6828,"熊本県","熊本市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","西大手門","にしおおてもん","Nishi-Ote Gate ","西大手門","Nishi-Ote Gate "]
[6829,"熊本県","熊本市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","元太鼓櫓","もとたいこやぐら","Mototaiko Turret","元太鼓櫓","Mototaiko Turret"]
[6830,"熊本県","熊本市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","続櫓","つづきやぐら","tsuzuki-yagura","かつて石垣に沿って南北に伸びていた「続櫓」と呼ばれる長い低層の建物は、2016年の地震で倒壊しました。","A long, low building known as a tsuzuki-yagura (adjoining turret), which once ran north-to-south along the wall, collapsed in the 2016 earthquake. ","※「tsuzuki-yagura」はで斜体で表記。"]
[6831,"熊本県","熊本市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","大天守","だいてんしゅ","Dai-Tenshu ","大天守と小天守の再建","Rebuilding the Dai-Tenshu and Sho-Tenshu Keeps"]
[6832,"熊本県","熊本市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","小天守","しょうてんしゅ","Sho-Tenshu","大天守と小天守の再建","Rebuilding the Dai-Tenshu and Sho-Tenshu Keeps"]
[6833,"熊本県","熊本市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","本丸","ほんまる","honmaru","この櫓の名前は「戌（犬）」と「亥（猪）」の漢字からなり、本丸北西部にある西出丸の「北西」の隅に位置していることを示しています。","The name of this turret consists of the Chinese characters for “dog” and “wild boar,” indicating that it stands in the northwest corner of the Nishidemaru, which is the northwestern part of the inner compound (honmaru). ","※「honmaru」はで斜体で表記。"]
[6834,"熊本県","熊本市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","戌亥櫓","いぬいやぐら","Inui Turret","戌亥櫓","Inui Turret"]
[6835,"熊本県","熊本市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","北大手櫓門跡","きたおおて\nやぐらもんあと","Site of the Kita-Ote Gate","北大手櫓門跡と石垣の再建","Site of the Kita-Ote Gate and Wall Reconstruction"]
[6836,"熊本県","熊本市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","宇土櫓","うとやぐら","Uto Turret","宇土櫓","Uto Turret"]
[6837,"熊本県","熊本市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","天守閣","てんしゅかく","tenshukaku","熊本城の天守は、「天守閣」と呼ばれる近代に再建された建物です。","The keeps of Kumamoto Castle are modern reproductions called tenshukaku. ","※「tenshukaku」はで斜体で表記。"]
[6838,"熊本県","熊本市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","平櫓","ひらやぐら","Hira Turret ","平櫓と不開門","Hira Turret and Akazu Gate"]
[6839,"熊本県","熊本市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","不開門","あかずのもん","Akazu Gate","平櫓と不開門","Hira Turret and Akazu Gate"]
[6840,"熊本県","熊本市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","北十八間櫓","きたじゅうはちけん\nやぐら","Kita-Juhachiken Turret","北十八間櫓","Kita-Juhachiken Turret"]
[6841,"熊本県","熊本市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","東十八間櫓","ひがしじゅうはちけん\nやぐら","Higashi-Juhachiken Turret","東十八間櫓","Higashi-Juhachiken Turret"]
[6842,"熊本県","熊本市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","長塀","ながべい","Nagabei Long Wall","長塀","Nagabei Long Wall"]
[6843,"熊本県","熊本市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","馬具櫓","ばぐやぐら","Bagu Turret","馬具櫓","Bagu Turret"]
[6844,"熊本県","熊本市","動物","鯱","しゃちほこ","shachihoko","両天守は、屋根の棟の両端に取り付けられた装飾であり、魚の体と虎の頭を持つ「鯱」を失いました。","While both keeps lost their fish-bodied, tiger-headed shachihoko ridge-end ornaments, the Dai-Tenshu lost many more tiles than the smaller keep. ","※「shachihoko」はで斜体で表記。"]
[6845,"熊本県","熊本市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","闇り通路","くらがりつうろ","Kuragari Tsuro","闇り通路","Kuragari Tsuro"]
[6846,"熊本県","熊本市","その他","長烏帽子","ながえぼし","naga-eboshi","トレードマークの顎髭を蓄え、長烏帽子（黒い縦長の帽子の一種で、公家が着用していたものに似ています）をかぶり、武将が兵の指揮に使った房付きの棒を握っています。","He is wearing his trademark beard and a naga-eboshi—a kind of tall black hat similar to that worn by courtiers—and is holding the tasseled baton that samurai generals used to direct their troops. ","※「naga-eboshi」はで斜体で表記。"]
[6847,"熊本県","熊本市","食","馬刺し","ばさし","basashi","代表的な名物料理は、馬肉の刺し身（馬刺し）、辛子を詰めた蓮根揚げ（辛子蓮根）、サツマイモの団子（いきなり団子）です。","The three best-known local specialties are horsemeat sashimi (basashi), mustard-stuffed deep-fried lotus root (karashi renkon), and sweet-potato dumplings (ikinari dango). ","※「basashi」はで斜体で表記。"]
[6848,"熊本県","熊本市","食","辛子蓮根","からしれんこん","karashi renkon","代表的な名物料理は、馬肉の刺し身（馬刺し）、辛子を詰めた蓮根揚げ（辛子蓮根）、サツマイモの団子（いきなり団子）です。","The three best-known local specialties are horsemeat sashimi (basashi), mustard-stuffed deep-fried lotus root (karashi renkon), and sweet-potato dumplings (ikinari dango). ","※「karashi renkon」はで斜体で表記。"]
[6849,"熊本県","熊本市","食","いきなり団子","いきなりだんご","ikinari dango","代表的な名物料理は、馬肉の刺し身（馬刺し）、辛子を詰めた蓮根揚げ（辛子蓮根）、サツマイモの団子（いきなり団子）です。","The three best-known local specialties are horsemeat sashimi (basashi), mustard-stuffed deep-fried lotus root (karashi renkon), and sweet-potato dumplings (ikinari dango). ","※「ikinari dangoi」はで斜体で表記。"]
[6850,"熊本県","熊本市","その他","町娘","まちむすめ","machi-musume","本格的な時間旅行を満喫したい方は、ロビーに戻って衣装をレンタルし、侍や忍者、町娘の格好をして見学を続けることも可能です。","Those who want to indulge in some serious time travel can even return to the lobby, rent a costume, and continue the tour dressed as a samurai, a ninja, or a young townswoman (machi-musume).","※「machi-musume」はで斜体で表記。"]
[6851,"熊本県","熊本市","人物・人名・役職名","清正公さん","せいしょこさん","Seishoko-san","毎年正月には、地元で「清正公さん」と呼ばれている神様にご利益を祈願するため、3日間で約40万人の人々が加藤神社を参拝します。","Every New Year, some 400,000 people visit Kato Shrine over a three-day period to pray to Seishoko-san, the local name for the deity, for good luck. "]
[6852,"熊本県","熊本市","乗物","波奈之丸","なみえまる","Naminashi Maru","館内に入って最初に展示されているのは、約2世紀半にわたって熊本を支配した細川家が江戸（現在の東京）から帰郷する際に乗船した「波奈之丸」の船室です。","The first exhibit upon entering is the cabin of the Naminashi Maru, the ship that the Hosokawa family, who ruled Kumamoto for almost two and a half centuries, sailed in when they returned to their home city from Edo (current Tokyo). ","※「Naminashi Maru」はで斜体で表記。"]
[6853,"熊本県","熊本市","工芸・美術品","肥後象嵌","ひごぞうがん","Higo Inlay","肥後象嵌","Higo Inlay"]
[6854,"熊本県","熊本市","植物","肥後六花","ひごろっか","Six Traditional Flowers of Higo","肥後六花","Six Traditional Flowers of Higo"]
[6855,"熊本県","熊本市","組織・団体","熊本城おもてなし武将隊","くまもとじょう\nおもてなし\nぶしょうたい","The Kumamoto-jo Omotenashi Bushotai","熊本城おもてなし武将隊はリエナクターの一団で、熊本・九州の歴史に登場する重要な人物を再現し、熊本城を訪れる人々をもてなしています。","The Kumamoto-jo Omotenashi Bushotai is a troupe of reenactors who welcome visitors to Kumamoto Castle by bringing to life key characters from the history of Kumamoto and Kyushu. "]
[6856,"熊本県","熊本市","動物","ヒメマス","ひめます","Himemasu salmon","私たちヒメマスは、世界のさまざまな地域で「コカニーサーモン」と呼ばれる陸封型のサケの一種です。","We himemasu salmon are a species of landlocked salmon called kokanee salmon in some parts of the world.","「Kokanee salmon」はカナダ呼称である可能性があり（環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所より）アメリカ英語のスタンダードな表現を調査し「Himemasu salmon」としましたが、地域によっては「Kokanee salmon」と表現している場合もあります。"]
[6857,"熊本県","熊本市","庭園・公園","築山","つきやま","tsukiyama","東側には、池の向こう側に、富士山をイメージした見事な左右対称の人工の山、築山があります。","To the east, on the far side of the lake, is a strikingly symmetrical tsukiyama, or artificial mountain, evoking the shape of Mt. Fuji. ","※「tsukiyama」はで斜体で表記。"]
[6858,"熊本県","熊本市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","古今伝授の間","こきんでんじゅのま","Kokindenju no Ma","古今伝授の間","Kokindenju no Ma"]
[6859,"熊本県","熊本市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","手水舎","ちょうずや","chozuya","阿蘇山が水源の伏流による「長寿の水」で手を洗うための石盥「手水舎」や、もともと17世紀前半に細川忠利の盆栽であったバロック風の形をした松の木は見逃せません。","Don’t miss the chozuya, which is a stone basin for handwashing fed by the “water of longevity” from an underground spring originating from Mt. Aso, and a baroquely shaped pine tree that started out as a bonsai tree belonging to Hosokawa Tadatoshi in the first half of the seventeenth century.","※「chozuya」はで斜体で表記。"]
[6860,"熊本県","熊本市","集落・街","新町","しんまち","Shinmachi","新町と古町","Shinmachi and Furumachi"]
[6861,"熊本県","熊本市","集落・街","古町","ふるまち","Furumachi","新町と古町","Shinmachi and Furumachi"]
[6862,"熊本県","熊本市","温泉","温泉巡り","おんせんめぐり","onsen meguri","植木町は小さくまとまっていて歩きやすく、温泉巡りで様々な風呂を試すのにも適しています。","Ueki is compact, walkable, and well suited to an onsen meguri (hot-spring crawl) to try out the various baths. ","※「onsen meguri」はで斜体で表記。"]
[6863,"熊本県","熊本市","組織・団体","薩摩藩","さつまはん","Satsuma domain","薩摩藩（現在の鹿児島県）の武士たちが、1868年に樹立された明治政府の改革によって自分たちの地位が脅かされていると感じ、東京への進軍を決意したのが反乱の始まりでした。","The rebellion broke out when the samurai of the Satsuma domain (modern-day Kagoshima), feeling their status threatened by the reforms adopted by the Meiji government installed in 1868, decided to march on Tokyo. "]
[6864,"熊本県","熊本市","岩石・洞窟","霊巌洞","れいがんどう","Reigando Cave","余命を悟った武蔵は霊巌洞で隠遁し、『五輪書』を書き上げました。『五輪書』とは、「土の巻」「水の巻」「火の巻」「風の巻」「空の巻」と題された5つの章で剣術と人生の哲学を述べた作品です。","Aware that he did not have long to live, he shut himself away in the Reigando Cave in the foothills of Mt. Kinpo where he wrote The Book of Five Rings, a work that set forth his philosophy of swordsmanship and life in five chapters entitled “Earth,” “Water,” “Fire,” “Wind,” and “Void.” "]
[6865,"熊本県","熊本市","書物","五輪書","ごりんのしょ","The Book of Five Rings","余命を悟った武蔵は霊巌洞で隠遁し、『五輪書』を書き上げました。『五輪書』とは、「土の巻」「水の巻」「火の巻」「風の巻」「空の巻」と題された5つの章で剣術と人生の哲学を述べた作品です。","Aware that he did not have long to live, he shut himself away in the Reigando Cave in the foothills of Mt. Kinpo where he wrote The Book of Five Rings, a work that set forth his philosophy of swordsmanship and life in five chapters entitled “Earth,” “Water,” “Fire,” “Wind,” and “Void.” ","※「The Book of Five Rings」はで斜体で表記。"]
[6866,"熊本県","熊本市","庭園・公園","武蔵塚公園","むさしづかこうえん","Musashizuka Park","武蔵塚公園","Musashizuka Park"]
[6867,"熊本県","熊本市","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","羅漢","らかん","rakan","洞窟への道中には苔むした丘の斜面があり、座っている石像が点在していますが、その多くは首がありません。これらは、仏陀の弟子である500人の羅漢であり、しばしば困惑した表情や滑稽な表情で描かれています。","On the way to the cave is a mossy hillside dotted with seated stone figures, many of them headless. These are the 500 rakan (arhats), the disciples of Buddha who are often depicted with puzzled, even comical expressions. ","※「rakan」はで斜体で表記。"]
[6868,"熊本県","熊本市","食","豚骨","とんこつ","tonkotsu","熊本ラーメンとして知られるこのラーメンは、日本の豚骨ラーメンの元祖である久留米ラーメンから派生したものです。","The noodle soup known as Kumamoto ramen is an offshoot of Kurume ramen, Japan’s original tonkotsu pork-bone broth ramen. ","※「tonkotsu」はで斜体で表記。"]
[6869,"熊本県","熊本市","食","マー油","まーゆ","mayu","熊本ラーメンは、豚骨スープの中に太麺を入れたもので、これに黒ニンニクを揚げたり焼いたりしたチップとニンニク油（マー油）が加わります。","Kumamoto ramen consists of thick noodles in a tonkotsu broth, sometimes mixed with chicken broth, along with blackened chips of fried or roasted garlic and garlic oil (mayu). ","※「mayu」はで斜体で表記。"]
[6870,"熊本県","熊本市","食","キクラゲ","きくらげ","kikurage","鶏がらスープを混ぜたものもあります。これにタマネギ、キクラゲ、海苔、豚バラ肉の煮込みなどをトッピングします。","This is topped with onion, kikurage wood-ear mushrooms, seaweed, and braised pork belly.","※「kikurage」はで斜体で表記。"]
[6871,"熊本県","熊本市","食","焼酎","しょうちゅう","shochu","辛子蓮根の起源は、現代ではビールや焼酎（日本の蒸留酒）のおつまみとして親しまれていることから想像されるよりも、はるかに特殊なものです。","The origins of karashi renkon are far more exclusive than its modern-day popularity as a snack served with beer or shochu (Japanese liquor) might lead one to imagine. ","※「shochu」はで斜体で表記。"]
[6872,"熊本県","熊本市","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","仁王門","におうもん","niomon","仁王門は1920年に建てられたもので、当時の日本では珍しく斬新な素材であったコンクリート製です。","The niomon front gate dates from 1920 and is made of concrete, which was a rare and novel material in Japan at the time. ","※「niomon」はで斜体で表記。"]
[6873,"熊本県","熊本市","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","拝殿","はいでん","haiden","霊廟は、側面に壁のない拝殿と本殿の2つの部分からなります。社殿の扉は開放されており、屋内にある巨大な石造の五輪塔を見ることができます。","The mausoleums consist of two parts: an open-sided worship hall (haiden) and a main sanctuary (honden).","※「haiden」はで斜体で表記。"]
[6874,"熊本県","熊本市","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","本殿","ほんでん","honden","霊廟は、側面に壁のない拝殿と本殿の2つの部分からなります。社殿の扉は開放されており、屋内にある巨大な石造の五輪塔を見ることができます。","The mausoleums consist of two parts: an open-sided worship hall (haiden) and a main sanctuary (honden).","※「honden」はで斜体で表記。"]
[6875,"熊本県","熊本市","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","五輪塔","ごりんとう","gorinto","社殿の扉は開放されており、屋内にある巨大な石造の五輪塔を見ることができます。","The doors of the sanctuaries are left open so it is possible to see the enormous five-ring stone pagodas, or gorinto, inside. ","※「gorinto」はで斜体で表記。"]
[6876,"熊本県","熊本市","庭園・公園","枯山水","かれさんすい","Karesansui","枯山水は熊本では滅多に見られません。","Karesansui gardens are quite rare in Kumamoto.","※「Karesansui」はで斜体で表記。"]
[6877,"大分県","別府市　B-bizLINK","テーマ施設等","血の池地獄","ちのいけじごく","Blood Pond Hell","例えば、海地獄はその名と通り見事なオーシャンブルーをして血の池地獄は、真っ赤な色をしています。","For example, Umi Jigoku’s pool is a stunning ocean-blue color, and Chinoike Jigoku (Blood Pond Hell) is decidedly red."]
[6878,"大分県","別府市　B-bizLINK","テーマ施設等","海地獄","うみじごく","Ocean Hell","20世紀初頭、地域の事業家たちが、柵の設置やその他安全対策、周囲の庭造りなどを行い、海地獄を観光名所へと姿を変えました。","In the early twentieth century, local entrepreneurs transformed the area containing Umi Jigoku (Ocean Hell) into a tourist attraction, adding a surrounding garden as well as fencing and other safety features. "]
[6879,"大分県","別府市　B-bizLINK","テーマ施設等","鬼石坊主地獄","おにいしぼうずじごく","Oniishi Monk Head Hell","鬼石坊主地獄は泥の温泉で、表面に湧き出す泥はお坊さんの坊主頭のようです。","Oniishi Bozu Jigoku (Oniishi Monk Head Hell) features large surface bubbles thought to resemble the shaven heads of Buddhist monks partially submerged in its muddy pool.  "]
[6880,"大分県","別府市　B-bizLINK","温泉","鉄輪温泉","かんなわおんせん","Kannawa Hot Spring","1276年に僧侶の一遍上人（1239年～1289年）が、鉄輪温泉を開いたと考えられています。","According to legend, the traveling Buddhist monk Ippen Shonin (1239–1289) created Kannawa Hot Springs in 1276."]
[6881,"大分県","別府市　B-bizLINK","温泉","湯治場","とうじば","medicinal bath","これが、この鉄輪地域で多く作られる最初の湯治場になったのです。","This became the area’s first medicinal bath; many more were built in later centuries."]
[6882,"大分県","別府市　B-bizLINK","温泉","地獄","じごく","jigoku","それから何世紀にもわたり、「地獄」という言葉は、高温ガスや熱湯などの地獄のような場所を表す一般的な用語としてしばしば使用されてきました。","In the centuries since, jigoku has often been used as a general term for places resembling a common image of hell, with hot gases, scalding water, and the like.","※温泉地における地獄を表すために斜体で表記"]
[6883,"大分県","別府市　B-bizLINK","温泉","単純温泉","たんじゅんおんせん","simple spring","単純温泉は睡眠の質を高めるといわれる。","Simple springs are said to promote better sleep."]
[6884,"大分県","別府市　B-bizLINK","温泉","硫黄泉","いおうせん","sulfur spring","硫黄泉と酸性泉は皮膚疾患の症状を緩和するとされています。","Sulfur springs and acidic springs are believed to improve skin condition."]
[6885,"大分県","別府市　B-bizLINK","温泉","酸性泉","さんせいせん","acidic spring","硫黄泉と酸性泉は皮膚疾患の症状を緩和するとされています。","Sulfur springs and acidic springs are believed to improve skin condition."]
[6886,"大分県","別府市　B-bizLINK","芸能・興行・イベント","奉納相撲","ほうのうずもう","religious ceremonial sumo wrestling matche","地元の人たちは、地獄からの風を止めるために、神さまに捧げる奉納相撲を毎年行うことにしたそうです。","Local residents responded by holding religious ceremonial sumo wrestling matches every year to appease the gods and prevent future hell winds."]
[6887,"大分県","別府市　B-bizLINK","工芸・美術品","竹細工","たけざいく","bamboo ware ","日本の竹細工の歴史は、古代にまでさかのぼります。","Bamboo ware has been made in Japan since ancient times."]
[6888,"大分県","別府市　B-bizLINK","工芸・美術品","伝統的工芸品","でんとうてきこうげいひん","Traditional Craft Product","別府の竹細工は1979年に日本の通産省から「伝統的工芸品」に指定されました。","Beppu’s bamboo ware was designated a Traditional Craft Product by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry in 1979."]
[6889,"大分県","別府市　B-bizLINK","人物・人名・役職名","生野祥雲斎","しょうのしょううんさい","Shono Shounsai ","1967年、別府生まれの生野祥雲斎（1904年～1974年）は竹細工の分野で人間国宝に指定された最初の人物となりました。","In 1967, Beppu-born Shono Shounsai (1904–1974) became the first person to be designated a Living National Treasure in the field of bamboo ware."]
[6890,"大分県","別府市　B-bizLINK","その他","真竹","まだけ","Madake bamboo ","真竹は他の多くの竹と比較して節が少なく、さらに節の間が長いため、比較的扱いやすい素材なのです。","Madake bamboo has fewer nodes (joints) and longer sections between nodes than many other types, making it relatively easy to work with. "]
[6891,"大分県","別府市　B-bizLINK","植物","孟宗竹","もうそうちく","Moso bamboo","中国原産の孟宗竹は、温暖な気候の九州で広く生息するもう一つの竹の種類です。","Moso bamboo, native to China, is also grown widely in Kyushu because of the suitably warm climate.","※孟宗竹は孟宗で単語を区切れるため、この部分のみローマ字表記にしている。"]
[6892,"大分県","別府市　B-bizLINK","植物","竹ひご","たけひご","bamboo strip","素材の竹を、編むための竹ひごにするためにはいくつかの技術と道具が使われます。","Several techniques and tools are used to transform raw bamboo into bamboo strips used for weaving. "]
[6893,"大分県","別府市　B-bizLINK","その他","竹割り包丁","たけわりほうちょう","bamboo-splitting knife","次に、一般的に長方形の刃の竹割り包丁が使い竹を縦に切って竹ひごに分割します。","Next, the bamboo stalk is cut lengthwise using a bamboo-splitting knife (takewari hocho), which generally has a rectangular blade."]
[6894,"大分県","別府市　B-bizLINK","その他","四つ目編み","よつめあみ","square pattern","四つ目編みは、縦の竹ひごと横の竹ひごが交互に、また上と下をくぐるように交差しています。","The square pattern (yotsume-ami) is made with vertical and horizontal strips, crossing alternatingly above and below one another. "]
[6895,"大分県","別府市　B-bizLINK","その他","六つ目編み","むつめあみ","hexagonal pattern ","六つ目編みは、2方向ではなく3方向に竹ひごがあり、六角形のパターンが作られています。","The hexagonal pattern (mutsume-ami) has strips in three rather than two directions, creating hexagons in the open spaces between."]
[6896,"大分県","別府市　B-bizLINK","その他","八つ目編み","やつめあみ","octagonal pattern ","八つ目編みは縦横二本ずつ並べ、さらに斜めの竹ひごが両方向に重なり、大きな八角形を作り出しています。","The octagonal pattern (yatsume-ami) consists of double rows of both vertical and horizontal strands with diagonal strips overlapping in both directions, creating large octagonal spaces."]
[6897,"大分県","別府市　B-bizLINK","その他","巻き縁","まきぶち","wrapped rim","巻き縁、竹または籐で籠の縁を巻いていく技法","a wrapped rim (maki-buchi), with bamboo or rattan wrapped around the basket’s upper lip"]
[6898,"大分県","別府市　B-bizLINK","その他","平当て縁","ひらあてぶち","flat attached rim","平当て縁、平らな竹ひごを籠の縁の内と外の両側にあて、籐などの細いものを使って固定する技法","a flat attached rim (hiraate-buchi), with flat bamboo strips affixed to both the inside and outside of the basket lip using smaller strands of rattan or similar material"]
[6899,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","自然現象","黒潮","くろしお","Japan Current","こうした植物がこの島で育つのは、東シナ海から暖流の黒潮が青島を通って日本の太平洋側に沿って瀬戸内海に向かって北東に流れていくため、気候が温暖で年間降雨量が多いからです。","The plants thrive on the island due to its mild climate and high annual rainfall, mainly caused by the warm Japan Current that flows from the East China Sea, past Aoshima, and northeast through the Inland Sea along the Pacific coast of Japan."]
[6900,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","植物","ビロウ","びろう","biro","その中でも最も多く見られるのはビロウ（Livistona chinensis）で、青島のいたるところに生えています。","The most common of these is the biro or fountain palm (Livistona chinensis), which grows all over Aoshima."]
[6901,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","植物","クワズイモ","くわずいも","kuwazuimo (Alocasia odora) taro","この島に生えるその他の特筆すべき植物には、毒のあるクワズイモ（Alocasia odora）、彼岸花の1種浜木綿（Crinum asiaticum）、車輪梅（Rhaphiolepis umbellata）などがあります。","Other noteworthy plants on the island include the poisonous kuwazuimo (Alocasia odora) taro, the hamayu (Crinum asiaticum) spider lily, and the sharinbai (Yeddo hawthorn; Rhaphiolepis umbellata)."]
[6902,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","植物","浜木綿","はまゆう","hamayu (Crinum asiaticum) spider lily","この島に生えるその他の特筆すべき植物には、毒のあるクワズイモ（Alocasia odora）、彼岸花の1種浜木綿（Crinum asiaticum）、車輪梅（Rhaphiolepis umbellata）などがあります。","Other noteworthy plants on the island include the poisonous kuwazuimo (Alocasia odora) taro, the hamayu (Crinum asiaticum) spider lily, and the sharinbai (Yeddo hawthorn; Rhaphiolepis umbellata)."]
[6903,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","植物","車輪梅","しゃりんばい","sharinbai (Yeddo hawthorn; Rhaphiolepis umbellata)","この島に生えるその他の特筆すべき植物には、毒のあるクワズイモ（Alocasia odora）、彼岸花の1種浜木綿（Crinum asiaticum）、車輪梅（Rhaphiolepis umbellata）などがあります。","Other noteworthy plants on the island include the poisonous kuwazuimo (Alocasia odora) taro, the hamayu (Crinum asiaticum) spider lily, and the sharinbai (Yeddo hawthorn; Rhaphiolepis umbellata)."]
[6904,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","岩石・洞窟","鬼の洗濯板","おにのせんたくいた","ogre's washboard","青島を取り囲むように海に向かって広がっている奇岩群は、地元では「鬼の（もしくは悪魔の）洗濯板」と呼ばれています。遠くから見ると大きな洗濯板のように見えると考えられているからです。","The unusually shaped fields of rock that jut out of the sea around Aoshima are known locally as the “ogre’s (or devil’s) washboard,” because they are thought to resemble a giant washboard when seen from afar."]
[6905,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","組織・団体","飫肥藩","おびはん","Obi domain","江戸時代（1603–1867）には、飫肥藩（現在の宮崎県南部の海岸沿いの地域）の大名であった伊藤家の庇護を受け、青島神社は勢力を拡大しました。","Aoshima Shrine grew in stature during the Edo period (1603–1867), when it benefited from the patronage of the Ito family, daimyo lords of the Obi domain (the southern coastal region of present-day Miyazaki Prefecture)."]
[6906,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","書物","古事記","こじき","Kojiki","青島神社は、8世紀に書かれたと言われている日本最古の歴史書である『古事記』に登場する山佐知毘古と豊玉姫の伝説と密接に結びついています。","Aoshima Shrine has close ties with the legend of Yamasachi-hiko and Princess Toyotama, which appears in the Kojiki, the first written chronicle in Japan, said to have been written in the eighth century."]
[6907,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","鴨就宮","かもつくみや","Kamotsukumiya","青島神社は以前は鴨就宮（「鴨が休む神社」）と呼ばれていました。","...Aoshima Shrine, which was once called Kamotsukumiya (“the shrine where ducks rest”)."]
[6908,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","書物","万葉集","まんようしゅう","Man’yoshu","現存する日本最古の詩集である8世紀の『万葉集』には、紐の結び目を愛の象徴として詠う作品が多く収められています。","Many verses in the eighth-century Man’yoshu, the oldest extant collection of Japanese poetry, mention strings bound together as a symbol of love."]
[6909,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","植物","ヒギリ","ひぎり","higiri (Japanese glorybower; Clerodendrum japonicum)","来訪者はさらに、ヒギリ（Clerodendrum japonicum）という通常約2メートルの高さの低木で、初夏から初秋にかけて鮮赤色の花を咲かせる木に出会うことができるかもしれません。","Visitors may also be able to spot the higiri (Japanese glorybower; Clerodendrum japonicum), a shrub that is usually about 2 meters tall, whose bright red flowers bloom from early summer to early autumn..."]
[6910,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","植物","フウトウカズラ","ふうとうかずら","futokazura (Piper kadsura) pepper vine","フウトウカズラはベリーのような実が晩秋に橙色になります。","the futokazura (Piper kadsura) pepper vine, whose berry-like fruit turn orange in late autumn..."]
[6911,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","植物","タブノキ","たぶのき","tabunoki (Machilus thunbergii)","タブノキは月桂樹の1種の常緑広葉樹で、高さは30メートルになることもあり、タブノキより若いビロウの森の中でひときわ高くそびえ立ちます。","...and the tabunoki (Machilus thunbergii), a type of broad-leaved evergreen bay tree that can reach a height of 30 meters and towers above the biro forest, which it predates."]
[6912,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","元宮","もとみや","Motomiya","元宮（「元々の神社」）は青島の真ん中、古代から崇拝と祭祀の場となってきたところに立っています。","Motomiya (“original shrine”) stands in the middle of Aoshima, on a site that has been a place of worship and ritual since ancient times."]
[6913,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","絵馬","えま","ema","このような皇族方のご足跡を追って今日訪れる人々は、門をくぐって願い事や祈りが書かれた木製の絵馬がかけられた絵馬掛けの間を歩いていきます。","Visitors treading in their footsteps today pass through the gate and between racks for ema, wooden votive tablets on which wishes and prayers are written."]
[6914,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","手水舎","てみずや","temizuya","手水舎と呼ばれているお清めの場所には水盆があり、柄杓が置いてあるので、体の象徴である手を洗い、魂の象徴である口をゆすぐことができます。","The purification site, known as a temizuya, consists of a basin where ladles are provided so that you can wash your hands, which symbolize the body, and cleanse your mouth, which represents the soul."]
[6915,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","工芸・美術品","平瓮","ひらか","hiraka","平瓮は素焼きの粘土製の皿の1種で、日本では弥生時代（300 BCE–300 CE）から宗教的目的に使われてきました。","A hiraka is a type of unglazed clay plate that has been used for religious purposes in Japan since the Yayoi period (300 BCE–300 CE)."]
[6916,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","人物・人名・役職名","山幸彦","やまさちひこ","Yamasachi-hiko","狩猟の名人である山幸彦と海神の娘である豊玉は、伝説の初代天皇である神武天皇の祖父母です。","Yamasachi-hiko, a masterful hunter, and Toyotama, daughter of the deity of the sea, were the grandparents of Jimmu, the legendary first emperor."]
[6917,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","人物・人名・役職名","豊玉姫","とよたまひめ","Toyotama","狩猟の名人である山幸彦と海神の娘である豊玉は、伝説の初代天皇である神武天皇の祖父母です。","Yamasachi-hiko, a masterful hunter, and Toyotama, daughter of the deity of the sea, were the grandparents of Jimmu, the legendary first emperor."]
[6918,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","その他","日向国","ひゅうがのくに","province of Hyuga","物語の舞台は日向国（現在の宮崎県）です。","The tales are set in the province of Hyuga (present-day Miyazaki Prefecture)."]
[6919,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","三種の神器","さんしゅのじんぎ","Imperial Regalia","これらの品々は神の支配を意味し、伝説によれば、天皇から天皇へと受け継がれ、現在の三種の神器となっています。","These items signify divine rule and have, according to legend, been passed down from one emperor to the next, and are the current Imperial Regalia."]
[6920,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","人物・人名・役職名","天照大神","あまてらすおおかみ","Amaterasu","天高く、神道の神々の中で最も偉大な太陽神・天照大神が、孫の瓊瓊杵尊の前に立ちはだかります。","High up in the heavens, the sun goddess Amaterasu, the greatest of all the deities in the Shinto pantheon, stands before her grandson Ninigi."]
[6921,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","人物・人名・役職名","瓊瓊杵尊","ににぎのみこと","Ninigi","天高く、神道の神々の中で最も偉大な太陽神・天照大神が、孫の瓊瓊杵尊の前に立ちはだかります。","High up in the heavens, the sun goddess Amaterasu, the greatest of all the deities in the Shinto pantheon, stands before her grandson Ninigi."]
[6922,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","人物・人名・役職名","伊邪那岐命","いざなぎのみこと","Izanagi","日本の創造神話は伊邪那岐命(イザナギ)と伊邪那美命（イザナミ）という兄と妹の神を中心としていますが、2人が結ばれたことによって、日本列島の島々とそこに住まうさまざまな神々が生まれました。","The Japanese creation myth centers on the deities Izanagi and Izanami, brother and sister, whose union results in Izanami giving birth to the islands of the Japanese archipelago and to various deities that are to inhabit them."]
[6923,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","人物・人名・役職名","伊邪那美命","いざなみのみこと","Izanami","日本の創造神話は伊邪那岐命(イザナギ)と伊邪那美命（イザナミ）という兄と妹の神を中心としていますが、2人が結ばれたことによって、日本列島の島々とそこに住まうさまざまな神々が生まれました。","The Japanese creation myth centers on the deities Izanagi and Izanami, brother and sister, whose union results in Izanami giving birth to the islands of the Japanese archipelago and to various deities that are to inhabit them."]
[6924,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","建造物等","駅家","うまや","post station","奈良時代（710～794年）から11世紀にかけて、江田集落は日向国（現在の宮崎県）にあった16の駅家のうちの1つを運営していました。","From the Nara period (710–794) to the eleventh century, the settlement of Eda hosted one of the 16 post stations in the province of Hyuga (present-day Miyazaki Prefecture)."]
[6925,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","禊・祓","みそぎ・はらえ","misogi/harae","浄め（みそぎ、またははらえ）は神道の中心的儀式で、崇拝の前に心と体の両方を浄めるために行われ、神社では、入り口で手や口を洗って行われます。","Purification (misogi or harae) is a central ritual in Shinto, performed to cleanse both mind and body before worship. At shrines, this is done by washing one’s hands and mouth at the entrance."]
[6926,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","人物・人名・役職名","月読命","つくよみのみこと","Tsukuyomi","最後に顔をこすった際、神道の神々の中で最も重要な3柱が現れました。イザナギの左目から生まれた太陽の女神・アマテラス、右目から生まれた夜の主である月の神・月読命、鼻から生まれた海と嵐の神・須佐之男命です。","Finally, as he rubs his face, three of the most important gods in the Shinto pantheon come into being: Amaterasu, the sun goddess, is born from Izanagi’s left eye; the moon deity Tsukuyomi, lord of the night, from his right eye; and Susanoo, god of the sea and storms, from his nose."]
[6927,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","人物・人名・役職名","須佐之男命","すさのおのみこと","Susanoo","最後に顔をこすった際、神道の神々の中で最も重要な3柱が現れました。イザナギの左目から生まれた太陽の女神・アマテラス、右目から生まれた夜の主である月の神・月読命、鼻から生まれた海と嵐の神・須佐之男命です。","Finally, as he rubs his face, three of the most important gods in the Shinto pantheon come into being: Amaterasu, the sun goddess, is born from Izanagi’s left eye; the moon deity Tsukuyomi, lord of the night, from his right eye; and Susanoo, god of the sea and storms, from his nose."]
[6928,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","住吉三神","すみよしさんじん","Sumiyoshi deities","住吉神社には、住吉三神として知られるソコツツ、ナカツツ、ウワツツもいます。これらの神は海と船乗りの守り神として知られています。","Sumiyoshi Shrine enshrines three key Shinto gods: Sokotsutsu, Nakatsutsu, and Uwatsutsu, who are known collectively as the Sumiyoshi deities and are the protectors of the sea and seafarers."]
[6929,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","建造物等","神明造","しんめいづくり","shinmei-zukuri","突き出た装飾が施された屋根のデザインは、古代神社建築の神明造からの借用です。","The design of the roofs, with their protruding decorations, is borrowed from the ancient shinmei-zukuri style of shrine architecture."]
[6930,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","動物","ヒメマス","ひめます","Himemasu salmon","私たちヒメマスは、世界のさまざまな地域で「コカニーサーモン」と呼ばれる陸封型のサケの一種です。","We himemasu salmon are a species of landlocked salmon called kokanee salmon in some parts of the world.","「Kokanee salmon」はカナダ呼称である可能性があり（環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所より）アメリカ英語のスタンダードな表現を調査し「Himemasu salmon」としましたが、地域によっては「Kokanee salmon」と表現している場合もあります。"]
[6931,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","植物","オオシラフジ","おおしらふじ","white Japanese wisteria (Wisteria floribunda f. alba)","樹齢400年以上と推定されるこの巨大なオオシラフジ（Wisteria floribunda f. alba）は、宮崎神宮庭園の見どころのひとつです。","This giant white Japanese wisteria (Wisteria floribunda f. alba), estimated to be more than 400 years old, is one of the highlights of the Miyazaki Shrine garden."]
[6932,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","建造物等","なまこ壁","なまこかべ","namako wall","最も特徴的なものの1つはなまこ壁です。黒いタイルの上に厚い漆喰の継ぎ目で作られた白縁のひし形パターンは、もともとは蔵の耐火性の土壁を水から保護するために考え出されたものですが、明治時代（1868〜1912）には、レンガとモルタルの洋風の外観を実現するために使用されました。","One of its most distinctive features is the namako wall: a white-edged diamond pattern created by thick plaster joints over black tiles, originally developed to protect the earthen walls of fire-resistant storehouses from water but repurposed during the Meiji era (1868–1912) to achieve a Western-style brick-and-mortar appearance."]
[6933,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","組織・団体","延岡藩","のべおかはん","Nobeoka domain","江戸時代（1603〜1867）には延岡藩の大名藩主の邸宅がありました。","It was the location of the estate of the daimyo lords of the local Nobeoka domain during the Edo period (1603–1867)..."]
[6934,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","その他","国学","こくがく","Kokugaku (“National Learning”)","学術的に国学（「国について学ぶ」の意）と呼ばれるこの動きは宮崎で盛んとなり、民衆に国学の教義を教える学校が設立されました。","This movement, which in its academic form was called Kokugaku (“National Learning”), flourished in Miyazaki, where a school was founded to teach the tenets of Kokugaku to the public."]
[6935,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","人物・人名・役職名","鸕鶿草葺不合尊","うがやふきあえずのみこと","Ugayafukiaezu","鵜戸神宮は、伝説上の初代天皇である神武天皇の父として日本の神話で重要な役割を果たしている、鸕鶿草葺不合尊(ウガヤフキアエズ)を祭神として祀っています。","...Udo Shrine is dedicated to the deity Ugayafukiaezu, who plays a key role in Japanese mythology as the father of Jimmu, the legendary first emperor."]
[6936,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","運玉","うんだま","undama","鵜戸神宮を訪れた方は、運玉という「幸運を呼ぶ玉」を投げることで、運気を上げることができます。","Visitors to Udo Shrine can improve their luck by throwing undama, or “lucky orbs.”"]
[6937,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","亀石","かめいし","kameishi","この岩は亀石（「亀の石」の意）と呼ばれ、神社の主祭神であるウガヤフキアエズにまつわる神話にちなんでいます。","The rock is called kameishi (“turtle rock”) which is a reference to a myth associated with the shrine’s primary deity, Ugayafukiaezu."]
[6938,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","権現","ごんげん","gongen","この石は15世紀のものと考えられ、当時、神社は正式には、仏様が神道の神様として現れた権現様を祀る真言宗の仏教寺院でした。","The stone is thought to date from the fifteenth century, when the shrine was officially a Shingon Buddhist temple dedicated to a gongen, or a Buddha manifested as a Shinto deity."]
[6939,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","護摩","ごま","goma fire ritual","現在の真言宗でも引き続き重要な、火を使った清めのための護摩の儀式は、この石の前で行われ、石には元々梵字（サンスクリット語の文字）が刻まれていました。","Purifying goma fire rituals, which remain important in the Shingon school today, were conducted in front of the stone, which originally had a bonji (Sanskrit letter)."]
[6940,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","建造物等","神橋","しんきょう","Shinkyo Bridge","神橋を渡ると、参拝者は鵜戸神宮の最も聖なる場所である本殿に足を踏み入れます。","Crossing the Shinkyo Bridge leads visitors into the most sacred part of Udo Shrine: the main sanctuary, which is set inside a cave at the foot of a steep staircase carved into the rock."]
[6941,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","撫でうさぎ","なでうさぎ","nade-usagi","撫でうさぎ（「撫でるためのうさぎ」の意）は、鵜戸神宮の境内にある数多くのうさぎの像の中で最も有名なものです。","The nade-usagi (“rubbing rabbit”) is the most prominent of the many rabbit statues on the grounds of Udo Shrine."]
[6942,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","福注連縄","ふくしめなわ","fuku-shimenawa","まず、参拝者は右側にある箱から福注連縄—棒の周りに結われた小さな縄—を手に取り、それで全身を撫でて心を清めます。","First, devotees pick up a fuku-shimenawa—a small rope tied around a stick—from the box on the right and move it across and around their body to cleanse the mind."]
[6943,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","お乳岩","おちちいわ","nursing rocks","このたらいに入った水は、左側にある岩窟の壁から突き出た鵜戸神宮の「お乳岩」から引かれています。","The water in this basin is drawn from the “nursing rocks” of Udo Shrine, which protrude from the cave wall on the left."]
[6944,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","社会","丁","ちょう","cho","鵜戸山八丁坂（「鵜戸神宮へつながる八丁の坂」、丁は日本の古い長さの単位で109メートルに相当）は、鵜戸神宮への最も古い参道です。","The Udosan Hatchozaka (“eight-cho slope to Udo Shrine”; cho is an old Japanese unit of length equivalent to 109 meters) is the oldest approach to Udo Shrine."]
[6945,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","建造物等","吾平山陵","あいらさんりょう","Mt. Ahira Mausoleum","吾平山陵は鵜戸神社の境内上の山腹にあります。","The Mt. Ahira Mausoleum is located on the hillside above the grounds of Udo Shrine."]
[6946,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","人物・人名・役職名","波切不動明王","なみきりふどうみょうおう","Namikiri Fudo Myo-o","この特別な彫刻は、船乗りの守護神「波切」の顕現である波切不動明王が表現されています。","This particular carving depicts Namikiri Fudo Myo-o, the “wave-breaking” manifestation of the deity, the protector of seafarers."]
[6947,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","人物・人名・役職名","海幸彦","うみさちひこ","Umisachi-hiko","潮嶽神社は、伝説の初代天皇である神武天皇の神聖な先祖にまつわる神話に登場する、悲劇のキ人物「海幸彦」を祀った日本で唯一の神社です。","Ushiodake Shrine is the only Shinto sanctuary in Japan that enshrines Umisachi-hiko, a tragic character who appears in a myth of the divine ancestry of Jimmu, the legendary first emperor."]
[6948,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","年中行事","神楽","かぐら","kagura","この神社で演じられる神楽も江戸時代から始まりました。","The shrine’s repertoire of sacred kagura dances also dates from the Edo period."]
[6949,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","陰陽石","いんようせき","reproductive rock","2018年の発見をきっかけに、駒宮神社では石のレプリカを作成し、参拝者が購入して「陰陽石」の前に置いておくことができるようになりました。","The 2018 find inspired Komamiya Shrine to create replicas of the stones, which visitors can now purchase and leave in front of the “reproductive rock.”"]
[6950,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","シャンシャン馬","しゃんしゃんうま","shan-shan uma","このような行事が、現在でも日南市全域で行われている、新婚夫婦が精巧な装飾を施した馬に乗るのを主体として様々な形で行われるようになった「シャンシャン馬」の伝統を生み出したと言われています。","These events are said to have given birth to the shan-shan uma tradition, which is practiced throughout the present-day city of Nichinan in various forms and mainly involves newlyweds riding on elaborately decorated horses."]
[6951,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","人物・人名・役職名","アヒラツ姫","あひらつひめ","Princess Ahiratsu","日本神話では、アヒラツ姫は伝説の初代天皇である神武の最初の妻です。","In Japanese mythology, Princess Ahiratsu is the first wife of Jimmu, the legendary first emperor."]
[6952,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","人物・人名・役職名","乙姫","おとひめ","Otohime","阿比良津神社は、もともと多くの民話に出てくる海の女神・乙姫を祀った神社で、猿と雉の二人の仲間と一緒に祀られていることもあります。","Ahiratsu Shrine was originally dedicated to Otohime, a goddess of the sea who appears in many folk tales, sometimes together with her two companions: a monkey and a pheasant."]
[6953,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","人物・人名・役職名","手研耳命","たぎしみみのみこと","Tagishimimi","神話では、手研耳命は伝説の初代天皇神武とその最初の妻アヒラツ姫の第一子で、吾田と呼ばれる地の出身として記述されています。","In the myth, Tagishimimi is the first child of the legendary first emperor, Jimmu, and his first wife, Princess Ahiratsu, who is described as a native of a place called Agata."]
[6954,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","島しょ","オノゴロ","おのごろ","Onogoro","引き上げると、鉾の先端から塩の塊が滴り落ち、オノゴロと呼ばれる島が形成されます。","When they pull it up, clumps of salt drip from the weapon’s tip and form an island called Onogoro."]
[6955,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","人物・人名・役職名","カグツチ","かぐつち","Kagutsuchi","イザナミを葬ったイザナギは、悲劇の原因となった火の神・カグツチの方を向きます。","After burying Izanami, Izanagi turns toward Kagutsuchi, the fire god who caused the tragedy."]
[6956,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","黄泉の国","よみのくに","land of Yomi","イザナギは、愛するイザナミの死に耐えきれなくなり、彼女を死者の住む黄泉の国から連れ戻すことを決意します。","Izanagi is unable to bear the death of his beloved Izanami, and decides to bring her back from the land of Yomi, the underworld."]
[6957,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","人物・人名・役職名","コノハナサクヤヒメ","このはなさくやひめ","Konohanasakuya","天皇家の神々の系譜を示したこの一連の話は、ニニギが花の姫・コノハナサクヤと出会うところから始まります。","This series of stories, which establishes the divine lineage of the emperors, begins with Ninigi encountering Konohanasakuya, the Blossom Princess."]
[6958,"宮崎県","青島を中心とする宮崎神話多言語解説整備協議会","人物・人名・役職名","ワダツミノカミ","わだつみのかみ","Wadatsumi","途方に暮れていたウミサチヒコのもとにシオツチという名の老人が訪ねてきて、船に乗り込んで海の神であるワダツミの宮に行き、釣り針を探すように言いました。","The despairing Yamasachi-hiko is visited by an old man named Shiotsuchi, who tells him to board a boat and search at the palace of Wadatsumi, god of the sea."]
[6959,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","年中行事","山鉾","やまぼこ","yamaboko","仙台青葉まつりは、歴史的な伝統を保全するものであり、山鉾と呼ばれる地域特有の祭りの山車や1603年を起源とする祝いのすずめ踊りが取り入れられています。","The Sendai Aoba Festival preserves historical traditions, incorporating a regional style of festival floats called yamaboko, as well as a celebratory dance that dates from 1603."]
[6960,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","その他","旧暦","きゅうれき","lunar calendar","七夕の中心にあるのは、天にいる2人の恋人の物語です。この2人は、旧暦7月7日の夜を除いて、逢うことが禁じられています。","It centers on the tale of two celestial lovers forbidden to meet, except for one evening on the seventh night of the seventh month of the lunar calendar."]
[6961,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","その他","前夜","ぜんや","the eve of","仙台七夕まつりの前夜である8月5日、仙台市街地の空には花火が輝きます。","Fireworks light up the sky over downtown Sendai on August 5, the eve of the city’s Tanabata Festival. "]
[6962,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","その他","思い起こさせる","おもいおこさせる","calls to mind","定禅寺は今はありませんが、定禅寺通は街の古い歴史を思い起こさせてくれます。","Jozenji Temple no longer exists, but Jozenji-dori calls to mind the early history of the city. "]
[6963,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","芸能・興行・イベント","木製の鳴子","もくせいのなるこ","wooden clackers","すべての競い合う団体がパレードに加わります。木製の鳴子を振りながら掛け声を上げ、観客の群れの中を勢いよく踊りながら進みます。","All the competing groups participate in the parade, chanting and shouting as they shake wooden clackers and dance energetically past crowds of spectators."]
[6964,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","芸能・興行・イベント","光のページェント","ひかりのぺーじぇんと","Pageant of Starlight","この光のページェントは、仙台で1986年から開かれており、イベントカレンダーの中心の1つになりました。","The Pageant of Starlight has been held in Sendai since 1986, and has become a mainstay of the event calendar."]
[6965,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","その他","侍の美学","さむらいのびがく","samurai aesthetic","大崎八幡宮は、江戸時代（1603-1867）初期の侍の美学が体現されており、富と権力、そして洗練された文化の華々しい象徴として創建された。","Hachimangu Shrine exemplifies the samurai aesthetic of the early Edo period (1603–1867) and was built as a grand statement of wealth, power, and cultural sophistication. "]
[6966,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","涅槃門","ねはんもん","Nehanmon Gate (Nirvana Gate)","これが、政宗公の霊廟へと通じる正面入り口である涅槃門 (ねはんもん) です。涅槃門は悟りと、この世からあの世への霊の通過を象徴しています。","This is the Nehanmon Gate (Nirvana Gate), the main entrance to Masamune’s mausoleum. The gate represents enlightenment, and the passing of the spirit from this world to the next."]
[6967,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","博物館・美術館","模型","もけい","models","資料展示館では伊達政宗の生涯および彼が遺したものに関する記録が保管されており、模型やCGシアター、VRゴーなどを通して青葉城が再現されています。","The museum documents Date Masamune’s life and legacy and depicts the castle through models, CG (3D) renderings, and VR (virtual reality) experiences. "]
[6968,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","食","ずんだ餅","ずんだもち","zunda mochi","お品書きの特色は、牛タンを焼いてご飯に乗せた牛タン丼や、つぶした枝豆を甘くしてお餅と合わせたずんだ餅など、地元の名物です。","The menu features local specialties, such as gyutandon (grilled beef tongue rice bowl), and zunda mochi (mashed edamame sweetened and served on mochi rice cake). "]
[6969,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","その他","反幕府の気運","はんばくふのきうん","anti-shogunate sentiment","しかし、19世紀後半になると、外国からの侵略に対する恐れから反幕府の気運が高まった。","However, fears of foreign encroachment contributed to anti-shogunate sentiment in the late nineteenth century."]
[6970,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","集落・街","杜の都","もりのみやこ","City of Trees","その結果、仙台は緑に囲まれ、杜の都として知られるようになったのです。","Consequently, Sendai became blanketed in green, and came to be known as the City of Trees. "]
[6971,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","人物・人名・役職名","谷風梶之助","たにかぜかじのすけ","Tanikaze Kajinosuke","勾当台公園にある多くの像の中には、 仙台出身の人気力士だった谷風梶之助 (1750～1795年) の等身大の銅像があります。","A lifelike bronze statue of Tanikaze Kajinosuke (1750–1795), a popular sumo wrestler from Sendai, stands among the many sculpted figures in the park. "]
[6972,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","芸能・興行・イベント","イベントスペース","イベントスペース","event spaces","公園にはいくつかのイベントスペースがあり、しばしば、仙台七夕花火祭りや定禅寺通ジャズフェスティバルなどの、街を挙げての有名なイベントの会場になります。","The park has several event spaces, and is often the venue of popular citywide events such as the Sendai Tanabata Fireworks Festival and the Jozenji Street Jazz Festival."]
[6973,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","その他","伊達騒動","だてそうどう","Date Disturbance","この話は、伊達騒動として知られており、歌舞伎で人気のある演目になっています。","The episode is known as the Date Disturbance (Date Sodo), and is a popular subject of Kabuki plays."]
[6974,"宮城県","株式会社インアウトバウンド仙台・松島","食","すべて込みのバーベキュー","すべてこみのばーべきゅー","all-inclusive barbecuing","暖かい季節になると、スプリングバレーでは、ジップラインやすべて込み (材料や器具が提供される) のバーベキューを楽しむことができます。","During the warmer months, ziplining and all-inclusive barbecuing (food and equipment provided) are available at Spring Valley."]
[6975,"山形県","出羽三山門前町プロジェクト","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","権現","ごんげん","gongen deity","各山にはそれぞれの権現と、その権現をお祀りする寺院があった。","Each mountain had its own gongen deity and a temple venerating that deity."]
[6976,"山形県","出羽三山門前町プロジェクト","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神聖な行者","しんせいなぎょうじゃ","holy ascetic","神聖な行者との出会い","An encounter with a holy ascetic"]
[6977,"山形県","出羽三山門前町プロジェクト","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","山伏","やまぶし","yamabushi","宿坊の多くは修験道（神聖な山で厳しい修行を行う古くからの伝統）の実践者である山伏たちによって営まれており、同じ家族によって代々受け継がれ経営されている。","Many are run by yamabushi practitioners of Shugendo (an ancient tradition of performing ascetic practices in sacred mountains), and have been run by several generations of the same family."]
[6978,"山形県","出羽三山門前町プロジェクト","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","精進料理","しょうじんりょうり","shojin ryori","出羽三山（出羽の三つの山々）周辺では、精進料理を中心とした豊かな食文化が発展した。","A rich food culture centering on shojin ryori cuisine has developed around Dewa Sanzan (Three Mountains of Dewa). "]
[6979,"山形県","出羽三山門前町プロジェクト","史跡","歴史を感じられる石段","れきしがかんじられるいしだん","weathered stone steps","杉の古木が脇に並ぶ歴史を感じられる石段が、霊峰羽黒山の山腹を縫うように続いている。","Weathered stone steps lined with ancient cedar trees wind up the mountainside of sacred Mt. Haguro. "]
[6980,"山形県","出羽三山門前町プロジェクト","その他","総称","そうしょう","collective term","出羽三山神社とは、出羽三山それぞれの神（神道の神）を祀る、各山に設けられた三社の神社の総称である：羽黒山の出羽三山神社（元々は出羽神社）、月山の月山神社、湯殿山の湯殿山神社。","Dewa Sanzan Jinja is the collective term for the three shrines dedicated to the kami (Shinto deities) of the Dewa Sanzan mountains: Dewa Sanzan Jinja on Mt. Haguro (formerly Ideha Jinja), Gassan Jinja on Mt. Gassan, and Yudonosan Jinja on Mt. Yudono. "]
[6981,"山形県","出羽三山門前町プロジェクト","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","総本山","そうほんざん","head temple","荒澤寺正善院は、霊峰の羽黒山・月山・湯殿山（出羽三山の総称で知られる；出羽の三つの山々）にて、厳しい修行を実践する古来の伝統である「羽黒修験道」の総本山である。","Kotakuji Shozen’in is the head temple of Haguro Shugendo, an ancient tradition of performing ascetic practices in the sacred mountains of Haguro, Gassan, and Yudono (known collectively as Dewa Sanzan, “Three Mountains of Dewa”)."]
[6982,"埼玉県","熊谷市文化遺産保存事業実行委員会","人物・人名・役職名","聖天","しょうでん","Shoden","本殿には、夫婦和合・子授け・福徳の神で、ヒンドゥー教の神ガネーシャの仏教版である聖天（歓喜天）が安置されています。","The main hall enshrines the deity Shoden (or Kangiten), the deity of joy, conjugal harmony, and longevity, who is the Buddhist representation of the Hindu god Ganesha. "]
[6983,"埼玉県","熊谷市文化遺産保存事業実行委員会","建造物等","権現造","ごんげんづくり","gongen-zukuri","この建築様式は権現造として知られており、多くの場合、その華麗な彫刻が特徴です。","This style of architecture is known as gongen-zukuri and is often characterized by ornate carvings."]
[6984,"埼玉県","熊谷市文化遺産保存事業実行委員会","建造物等","切妻","きりづま","gables","二層式の屋根は3枚の切妻が折り重なった特徴的なもので、その下にある彫刻を雨風から守っています。","The two-tiered roof unusually has three overlapping gables, which protect the carvings beneath from wind and rain."]
[6985,"埼玉県","熊谷市文化遺産保存事業実行委員会","建造物等","モチーフ","もちーふ","motif","牡丹に獅子という組み合わせは、江戸時代（1603～1867年）の芸術にみられる一般的なモチーフで、危険は内側からくるものであるという仏教の教えが由来しています。","The pairing of lions and peonies was a common motif in art of the Edo period (1603–1867) and is derived from a Buddhist teaching that warns of the dangers coming from inside ourselves. "]
[6986,"埼玉県","熊谷市文化遺産保存事業実行委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","中門","ちゅうもん","chumon","四脚門は、中門とも呼ばれています。","The gate is also called the chumon (middle gate)."]
[6987,"埼玉県","熊谷市文化遺産保存事業実行委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","錫杖","しゃくじょう","shakujo","歓喜院には、鋳造のフィニアル、錫杖（サンスクリット語でカッカラ）が祭られています。","A cast metal finial for a Buddhist staff or shakujo (khakkhara in Sanskrit) is enshrined at the temple."]
[6988,"埼玉県","熊谷市文化遺産保存事業実行委員会","その他","産地","さんち","provenance","大きさにして147 x 170センチで、裏面の墨書銘にはその作者・産地が記されています。 ","The cloth measures 147 x 170 centimeters and includes a border inscribed with the fabric’s provenance. "]
[6989,"埼玉県","熊谷市文化遺産保存事業実行委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","鰐口","わにぐち","waniguchi","この鰐口は青銅製で、どらの上部には2つの穴が空けられており、ここにひもを通して門や寺院の軒先に吊るされます。","This waniguchi (lit., “crocodile mouth”) gong is made of cast bronze and has two loops at the top to attach it under the eaves of a gate or temple."]
[6990,"埼玉県","熊谷市文化遺産保存事業実行委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","除夜の鐘","じょやのかね","Joya no Kane","除夜の鐘の大晦日には、夜中に向けて参拝者が順に鐘をつきます。","In a New Year’s Eve ceremony known as Joya no Kane, worshippers take turns to strike the bell in the run-up to midnight."]
[6991,"埼玉県","熊谷市文化遺産保存事業実行委員会","人物・人名・役職名","水天","すいてん","Suiten","井戸の先には、水の神で仏教における12天のうちの1人、水天様が祭られています。","Behind the well is a shrine dedicated to Suiten, the deity of water and one of the twelve guardian deities in Buddhism."]
[6992,"埼玉県","熊谷市文化遺産保存事業実行委員会","建造物等","軒","のき","eaves","いずれの神社も、切妻屋根、彫刻が施された軒、そして小さな木造の階段が特徴である。","Each of these shrines features a gabled roof, carved eaves, and a small set of wooden steps. "]
[6993,"埼玉県","熊谷市文化遺産保存事業実行委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","懸魚","げぎょ","gegyo","懸魚は、神社仏閣で一般的に見られる特徴で、初期のものだと火災から家を守るものとして魚型のものが多く見られます。","Gegyo are common features of shrine and temple design, and early examples may have been carved in the shape of fish for protection against fire."]
[6994,"埼玉県","熊谷市文化遺産保存事業実行委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","仁王","におう","Nio","仁王は、怒る神様で、仏教における守護神です。","The Nio are wrathful deities and guardians of Buddhism."]
[6995,"埼玉県","熊谷市文化遺産保存事業実行委員会","その他","批准","ひじゅん","ratification","第二次世界大戦の戦没英霊の供養と1951年サンフランシスコ講和条約への批准を祝して建立されました。","It commemorates the people that lost their lives in World War II and was built to celebrate the ratification of the San Francisco Peace Treaty of 1951."]
[6996,"埼玉県","熊谷市文化遺産保存事業実行委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","吽形","うんぎょう","Ungyo","左側の口を閉じた仁王像を、死の直前に発する「うん」の音から吽形（うんぎょう）像といいます。","On the left, with the closed mouth is Ungyo, who utters “un,” which represents the last sound before death."]
[6997,"埼玉県","熊谷市文化遺産保存事業実行委員会","その他","巻き込む","まきこむ","engulf","両家の敵対意識は深まり、全国を巻き込むことになる源平合戦（1180～1185年）へと繋がります。","The animosity between the two families grew and led to the Genpei War (1180–1185), a civil war that engulfed the country. "]
[6998,"埼玉県","熊谷市文化遺産保存事業実行委員会","その他","悲しみに打ちひしがれる","かなしみにうちひしがれる","devastated","実盛公の髪から墨が流れ落ちると、義仲は、かつての命の恩人を打ち取ってしまったことを知り、悲しみに打ちひしがれます。","When the ink was washed out of Sanemori’s hair, Yoshinaka was devastated when he realized that they had killed the man to whom he owed his life."]
[6999,"埼玉県","熊谷市文化遺産保存事業実行委員会","紋章等 ","象徴","しょうちょう","symbol","榎と欅の木が互いに支え合いながら高く育ち、良縁の象徴となりました。 ","The trees have grown tall while supporting each other, and have become a symbol of a strong and happy relationship. "]
[7000,"埼玉県","熊谷市文化遺産保存事業実行委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","明王","みょうおう","Myo-o","軍荼利は、仏教図像における五大明王の一尊です。","Gundari is one of the five Myo-o, or Wisdom Kings, in Buddhist iconography."]
[7001,"埼玉県","熊谷市文化遺産保存事業実行委員会","その他","恐ろしい","おそろしい","fearsome","恐ろしい姿の二天王は、邪鬼を足で踏みつける姿で描かれており、その悪に打ち勝つ力を表しています。","The fearsome figures are depicted crushing demons underfoot—an act that represents their power to defeat evil. "]
[7002,"埼玉県","熊谷市文化遺産保存事業実行委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","板碑","いたび","itabi","板碑（いたび）は、13世紀から16世紀にかけて日本で一般的に見られました。","Itabi stone tablets were common across Japan from the thirteenth to sixteenth century."]
[7003,"埼玉県","熊谷市文化遺産保存事業実行委員会","建造物等","アール・デコ","あーる・でこ","Art Deco","昭和時代（1926～1989年）初期の医療技術とアール・デコ建築を象徴するものとして、町が保存してきました。","The clinic has been preserved by the town as an example of Art Deco architecture and of medical technology in the early Showa era (1926–1989). "]
[7004,"埼玉県","熊谷市文化遺産保存事業実行委員会","その他","正面","しょうめん","façade","正面はざらつきのあるセラミックタイルでできており、その特徴的な外観をさらに印象的なものにしています。","The facade is covered in textured ceramic tiles, adding to its distinctive appearance. "]
[7005,"埼玉県","熊谷市文化遺産保存事業実行委員会","食","赤飯","せきはん","sekihan","一般の家庭や店舗が、悪を追い払うと信じられている縁起のいい食べ物、赤飯を配ります。","Families and shops would make and hand out sekihan, rice cooked with red adzuki beams, an auspicious food believed to keep away evil."]
[7006,"埼玉県","熊谷市文化遺産保存事業実行委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","白装束","しろしょうぞく","pilgrim attire","巡礼者（お遍路さん）の中には、伝統的な白装束に身を包んで大師堂を訪れる人もいます。","Some pilgrims come to the Daishido Hall dressed in traditional white pilgrim attire."]
[7007,"埼玉県","熊谷市文化遺産保存事業実行委員会","その他","夫婦円満","ふうふえんまん","conjugal harmony","本殿は1760年に建てられており、喜び・夫婦円満・長寿の神である聖天（歓喜天）様が祭られています。","The hall was built in 1760 and venerates Shoden (or Kangiten), the deity of joy, conjugal harmony, and longevity."]
[7008,"埼玉県","熊谷市文化遺産保存事業実行委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","寓話","ぐうわ","allegories","聖天堂の外観は、寓話や仏教の教え、伝統的な中国文化の側面を伝える色鮮やかな彫刻で装飾されています。","The exterior of the Shodendo is adorned with colorful carvings depicting allegories, Buddhist teachings, and images from classical Chinese culture. "]
[7009,"埼玉県","熊谷市文化遺産保存事業実行委員会","動物","獏","ばく","baku","竜、鳳凰、獅子、象、それに、悪夢を食うと言われている獏（ばく）と呼ばれる黒い象のような生き物が、ここには描かれています。","These include dragons, Chinese phoenixes, lions, elephants, and black, elephant-like creatures called baku, which are said to devour nightmares. "]
[7010,"埼玉県","熊谷市文化遺産保存事業実行委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","奥殿","おくでん","okuden","奥殿南壁の彫刻には、歓喜院でもっとも有名な仏教寓話が描かれています。","Two panels on the south side of the inner sanctuary (okuden) depict one of the temple’s most famous depictions of a Buddhist allegory."]
[7011,"埼玉県","熊谷市文化遺産保存事業実行委員会","人物・人名・役職名","恵比寿","えびす","Ebisu","恵比寿様は、福の神であり漁業の神でもあります。","Ebisu is the deity of prosperity and the patron of fishermen. "]
[7012,"埼玉県","熊谷市文化遺産保存事業実行委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","道教","どうきょう","Daoist","西王母は道教の偉大な神様で、すべての女仙を支配する最上位の女神で富の神様です。","The Queen Mother of the West is a powerful deity in the Daoist pantheon and is regarded as the matriarch of all goddesses and the deity of fertility. "]
[7013,"埼玉県","熊谷市文化遺産保存事業実行委員会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","僧院長","そういんちょう","abbot","本坊は、僧院長の住居として使用されています。","The Honbo is used as the abbot’s residence."]
[7014,"埼玉県","熊谷市文化遺産保存事業実行委員会","年中行事","山車","だし","dashi","このうち7つが高さ9メートルにも及ぶ山車で、そこには太鼓の神谷歴史的人物などが描かれています。","Seven of the floats are dashi, tall floats that can reach a height of 9 meters and are decorated with models of ancient deities and historical figures. "]
[7015,"埼玉県","熊谷市文化遺産保存事業実行委員会","その他","比喩","ひゆ","trope","世の中の力の均衡を象徴するものとして、伝統的な日本美術の比喩に一般的です。","This common trope in traditional Japanese art symbolizes the balance of forces in the universe. "]
[7016,"埼玉県","熊谷市文化遺産保存事業実行委員会","その他","金色","きんいろ","gilded","竜、鳥、雲といったモチーフが金色のパネルに彫刻されており、その上に天之手力男神（あめのたぢからおのかみ）がいます。","The float is decorated with gilded panels carved with dragons, birds, and cloud motifs, and is topped with a figure of the deity Ame no Tajikarao. "]
[7017,"埼玉県","熊谷市文化遺産保存事業実行委員会","人物・人名・役職名","須佐之男命","すさのおのみこと","Susanoo no Mikoto","切妻の上の彫刻には、八岐大蛇（やまたのおろち）から姫を救う、海と嵐の神、須佐之男命（すさのおのみこと）が描かれています。","Above the gable, a carving depicts Susanoo no Mikoto, deity of the sea and storms, saving a princess from a snake-headed monster."]
[7018,"静岡県","静岡市","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","権現","ごんげん","gongen"," 権現とは仏教の神が神道の神に化身したもので、家康の霊は日本中の僧侶や神職によって崇められた。","A gongen is a Buddhist deity incarnated as a Shinto kami, and Ieyasu’s spirit was venerated by both Buddhist monks and Shinto priests throughout Japan."]
[7019,"静岡県","静岡市","その他","薬学","やくがく","pharmacology","家康公は特に薬学に興味を持ち、自分や家族、家臣のために薬を調合していた。","Ieyasu was particularly interested in pharmacology, and prepared medicines for himself, his family, and his retainers."]
[7020,"静岡県","静岡市","史跡","遺品","いひん","personal effects","家康公はこの時計を受け取った5年後に亡くなり、遺品として久能山東照宮に移された。1616年以来、神社の保管庫で保護されている。","Ieyasu died five years after receiving the clock, and it was transferred to Kunozan Toshogu Shrine as part of his personal effects."]
[7021,"静岡県","静岡市","工芸・美術品","べっ甲製の眼鏡","べっこうせいのめがね","tortoiseshell glasses","徳川家康公（1542-1616）が晩年に所有していたべっ甲製の眼鏡である。","Tokugawa Ieyasu (1542–1616) owned these tortoiseshell glasses during the later years of his life. "]
[7022,"静岡県","静岡市","工芸・美術品","筆箱","ふでばこ","case used to store writing utensils","家康公の遺品の筆箱筆記用具を入れていたケースの中から発見された。","It was discovered among his personal belongings in a case used to store writing utensils."]
[7023,"静岡県","静岡市","工芸・美術品","綴じ具","とじぐ"," fittings for Japanese swords","日本刀の鞘や綴じ具は、金工、漆工、木工、染織など、さまざまな職人が関わっている。","Creating the scabbards and various fittings for Japanese swords involved many different craftsmen, including metalworkers, lacquer appliers, woodworkers, and textile artists."]
[7024,"静岡県","静岡市","その他","晩年","ばんねん","final days","徳川家康公（1542-1616）が晩年最期の時に枕元に置いていた13世紀の太刀。","Tokugawa Ieyasu (1542–1616) kept this thirteenth-century sword at his bedside during his final days. "]
[7025,"静岡県","静岡市","工芸・美術品","刀工集団","とうこうしゅうだん","group of swordsmiths","現存する最古の備前の刀工集団によるものと考えられている。","It is thought to have been made by the oldest extant group of swordsmiths in Bizen."]
[7026,"静岡県","静岡市","紋章等 ","立物","たてもの","crest","特に兜は、兜の庇の上に大きな立物紋章があるものが特徴的である。","Japanese helmets are particularly striking, especially those with a large crest above the visor."]
[7027,"静岡県","静岡市","植物","シダ","しだ","fern","花輪のシダは、正月飾りに使われる縁起の良い植物である。","The fronds in the wreath are a type of auspicious fern (shida), which is often used in New Year’s decorations."]
[7028,"静岡県","静岡市","社会","桶狭間の戦い","おけはざまのたたかい","Battle of Okehazama","19歳の時、桶狭間の戦いで大高城に食糧を運び込むという困難な作戦を指揮した際に着用した。","At 19 years old, he wore it while leading the difficult operation of getting provisions into Otaka Castle during the Battle of Okehazama."]
[7029,"静岡県","静岡市","その他","胴体","どうたい","chest","紐はほとんどが交換されているが、胴体の紐はオリジナルである。","Most of the cording has been replaced, except for that across the chest, which is original."]
[7030,"静岡県","静岡市","工芸・美術品","馬標","うましるべ","Standards","この金扇のような馬標規格は、戦場で一目でわかるように設計されている。","Standards like this gold fan were designed to be immediately visible on the battlefield."]
[7031,"静岡県","静岡市","植物","葵","あおい","aoi plant","頭頂部の円形の装飾は徳川家の家紋で、葵の葉が3枚描かれている。","The medallion at the top of the head is the Tokugawa family crest; it depicts three leaves of an aoi plant  (Asarum caulescens), a type of wild ginger."]
[7032,"静岡県","静岡市","工芸・美術品","陣羽織","じんばおり","Battle jackets","江戸時代(1603–1867)に作られた陣羽織は、16世紀に日本に伝わったヨーロッパ製のものを参考にしているが、日本製は袖がなく、ベストのような形をしていることが多い。","Battle jackets made in the Edo period (1603–1867) were modeled on similar European garments introduced to Japan in the sixteenth century, but the Japanese version often lacked sleeves and looked more like a vest."]
[7033,"静岡県","静岡市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","天守閣","てんしゅかく","keep, or tenshu","駿府城の天守閣の土台は、日本で最も大きなものである。","The foundation of Sumpu Castle’s keep, or tenshu, is the largest ever built in Japan."]
[7034,"静岡県","静岡市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","櫓","やぐら","turrets, or yagura","城門の1つと櫓の2つは、17世紀の最盛期の城のスタイルで再建されたものである。","One of the castle’s gates and two of its turrets, or yagura,  have been rebuilt in the style of the castle during its heyday in the seventeenth century."]
[7035,"静岡県","静岡市","建造物等","茶室","ちゃしつ","tea houses","また、雲海、清月庵の両茶室は、イベント時以外は一般公開されている。","In addition, the Unkai and Seigetsu-an tea houses are open for public viewing when not being used for private events."]
[7036,"静岡県","静岡市","食","ミカン","みかん","mandarin orange","公園の中央付近には徳川家康公の銅像があり、その向かいには家康公が自ら植えたとされるミカンの木がある。","A statue of Tokugawa Ieyasu stands near the center of the park, across from mandarin orange trees that he is thought to have planted himself."]
[7037,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","賀茂別雷神社","かもわけいかづちじんじゃ","Kamo Wakeikazuchi Jinja Shrine","賀茂別雷神社は、一般的には上賀茂神社と呼ばれており、京都で最も古い神社の1つです。","Kamo Wakeikazuchi Jinja, more commonly referred to as Kamigamo Jinja, is one of the oldest Shinto shrines in Kyoto."]
[7038,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","上賀茂神社","かみがもじんじゃ","Kamigamo Jinja Shrine","賀茂別雷神社は、一般的には上賀茂神社と呼ばれており、京都で最も古い神社の1つです。","Kamo Wakeikazuchi Jinja, more commonly referred to as Kamigamo Jinja, is one of the oldest Shinto shrines in Kyoto."]
[7039,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","人物・人名・役職名","賀茂別雷大神","かもわけいかづちのおおかみ","Kamo Wakeikazuchi no Okami","市の北東に位置し、賀茂別雷大神が地上に降り立ったと言われている神聖な神山の近くにあります。","It is located in the northeast of the city near the sacred Mt. Koyama, where the deity Kamo Wakeikazuchi no Okami is said to have descended to earth."]
[7040,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","山岳","神山","こうやま","Mt. Koyama","市の北東に位置し、賀茂別雷大神が地上に降り立ったと言われている神聖な神山の近くにあります。","It is located in the northeast of the city near the sacred Mt. Koyama, where the deity Kamo Wakeikazuchi no Okami is said to have descended to earth."]
[7041,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","勅使","ちょくし","chokushi","この神社は、神々に供物や祈りを捧げる勅使が定期的に訪れる、日本に17社しかない神社の1つです。","It is one of only 17 shrines in Japan regularly visited by chokushi, imperial messengers who deliver offerings and prayers to the deities.","※「chokushi」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「imperial messenger」も使用することも可能。"]
[7042,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","賀茂氏","かもうじ","Kamo clan","上賀茂神社を創建した賀茂氏は、京都が首都になるずっと以前からこの地域に住んでいました。","The Kamo clan who founded Kamigamo Jinja lived in the area long before Kyoto became the capital."]
[7043,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","人物・人名・役職名","賀茂建角身命","かもたけつぬみのみこと","Kamo Taketsunumi no Mikoto","この子が元服の年になると、賀茂建角身命がたくさんの神様を豪華な宴に招き、御子神へ客の中から父親を示すように頼みました。","When the child came of age, Kamo Taketsunumi no Mikoto invited many deities for a lavish feast and asked his grandson to identify his father among the guests."]
[7044,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","八咫烏","やたがらす","yatagarasu","賀茂別雷大神の神聖な祖父が、八咫烏の姿をして、日本の伝説的な初代天皇である神武天皇の案内役を務めたと言われています。","It is said that the divine grandfather of Kamo Wakeikazuchi no Okami took the form of a three-legged crow (yatagarasu) to serve as a guide for Emperor Jinmu, the legendary first emperor of Japan.","※「yatagarasu」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「three-legged crow」で説明。"]
[7045,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","人物・人名・役職名","神武天皇","じんむてんのう","Emperor Jinmu","賀茂別雷大神の神聖な祖父が、八咫烏の姿をして、日本の伝説的な初代天皇である神武天皇の案内役を務めたと言われています。","It is said that the divine grandfather of Kamo Wakeikazuchi no Okami took the form of a three-legged crow (yatagarasu) to serve as a guide for Emperor Jinmu, the legendary first emperor of Japan."]
[7046,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","人物・人名・役職名","賀茂玉依比売命","かもたまよりひめのみこと","Kamo Tamayorihime no Mikoto","賀茂建角身命には、賀茂玉依比売命という娘がいました。","Kamo Taketsunumi no Mikoto had a daughter named Kamo Tamayorihime no Mikoto."]
[7047,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","河川・渓谷","鴨川","かもがわ","Kamo River","ある日、彼女が鴨川で身を清めていると、朱色の矢が下流に流れてきました。","One day, as she was purifying herself in the Kamo River, a vermilion arrow came floating downstream.","※地名に関する注意点：河川法では全長を「鴨川」と総称する。しかし、「高野川」と「賀茂川」が合流点（出町）より南側は「鴨川」と使い分けらることもある。"]
[7048,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","人物・人名・役職名","御子神","みこがみ","Mikogami","その夜、彼女は矢の神聖な力によって妊娠し、やがて御子神という息子を産みました。","That night, she became pregnant by the divine power of the arrow and in due time bore a son named Mikogami."]
[7049,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","植物","葵","あおい","aoi","この植物は「葵」、より具体的には「二葉葵」（Asarum caulescens、野生のしょうがの一種）と呼ばれ、神社の創建の伝説では儀式の飾りの一つとして登場します。","The plant is called aoi, or more specifically futaba aoi (Asarum caulescens), a species of wild ginger that appears as one of the ceremonial decorations in the legend of the shrine founding.","※「aoi」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7050,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","植物","二葉葵","ふたばあおい","futaba aoi","この植物は野生の生姜の一種であり、「葵」、より具体的には「二葉葵」と呼ばれ、神社の創建の伝説では儀式の飾りの一つとして登場します。","The plant is called aoi, or more specifically futaba aoi (Asarum caulescens), a species of wild ginger that appears as one of the ceremonial decorations in the legend of the shrine founding.","※「futaba aoi」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7051,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","植物","桂\n（上賀茂神社の資料では、古い表記の「楓」も使用）","かつら","katsura","葵は賀茂祭にも見られ、この祭りの参加者は、伝統的に二葉葵の葉を桂の細い枝に巻き付けた飾りをつけています。","Aoi is also featured in the Kamo Festival, where all participants traditionally wear decorations of futaba aoi leaves twisted around thin branches of the katsura tree (Cercidiphyllum japonicum).","※「katsura」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7052,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","年中行事","賀茂祭","かもさい","Kamo Festival","これが上賀茂神社の由緒と考えられており、また京都で最も有名な祭りの一つである賀茂祭（葵祭としても知られる）の由緒であったと考えられています。","This is considered to be the origin of Kamigamo Jinja and the Kamo Festival (also known as the Aoi Festival), one of the most famous festivals in Kyoto."]
[7053,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","年中行事","葵祭","あおいまつり","Aoi Festival","賀茂祭は、葵（野生の生姜）が桂の枝に巻き付けられた特徴的な飾りにちなんで、一般的には「葵祭」として知られています。","The event is commonly known as the Aoi Festival (Aoi Matsuri) after the iconic decorations made of aoi (wild ginger) twisted around thin katsura tree branches.","※必要に応じて「Aoi Matsuri」のこともローマ字で紹介。"]
[7054,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","楼門","ろうもん","Romon Gate","楼門は上賀茂神社の本社の区域に通じており、最も重要な聖域がある神聖な空間への通路を象徴しています。","The Romon Gate leads into the main shrine area of Kamigamo Jinja, symbolizing passage into the sacred space that contains the most important sanctuaries."]
[7055,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","本殿","ほんでん","Honden (Main Sanctuary)","上賀茂神社の本社の区域には、本殿と権殿と呼ばれる2つの社殿が並んでいます。","Two sanctuaries called the Honden (Main Sanctuary) and the Gonden (Temporary Sanctuary) stand side by side within the main shrine area of Kamigamo Jinja."]
[7056,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","河川・渓谷","ならの小川","ならのおがわ","Nara no Ogawa Stream","境内を流れるいくつかの小川は、ならの小川に合流し、その後、鴨川と合流します。","Several small streams flowing through the shrine grounds converge into the Nara no Ogawa Stream that later joins the Kamo River.","※「奈良の小川」、「楢の小川」とも書く。"]
[7057,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","一の鳥居","いちのとりい","first torii","一の鳥居をくぐると、参拝者は2つの野原の間にある白い砂利道を二の鳥居へ向かって歩き、途中でいくつかの大きなしだれ桜を通り過ぎます。","Entering through the first torii gate, visitors walk along a white gravel path between two open fields toward the second torii, passing several large weeping cherry trees along the way."]
[7058,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","二の鳥居","にのとりい","second torii","一の鳥居をくぐると、参拝者は2つの野原の間にある白い砂利道を二の鳥居へ向かって歩き、途中でいくつかの大きなしだれ桜を通り過ぎます。","Entering through the first torii gate, visitors walk along a white gravel path between two open fields toward the second torii, passing several large weeping cherry trees along the way."]
[7059,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神馬","しんめ","shinme","現代では、上賀茂神社の神馬には白馬だけが選ばれています。","In modern times, only white horses are chosen to be the shinme of Kamigamo Jinja.","※「shinme」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「sacred horse」も使用することも可能。"]
[7060,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","末社","まっしゃ","subsidiary shrine","二の鳥居の向こうには、さまざまな社殿や、伝統的な日本庭園、そしていくつかの末社と摂社があります。","Beyond the second torii gate are various shrine halls, a traditional Japanese garden, and several subsidiary and auxiliary shrines."]
[7061,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","摂社","せっしゃ","auxiliary shrine","上賀茂神社が権力と影響力を増した後、大田神社はその摂社の一つになりました。","After Kamigamo Jinja grew in power and influence, Ota Jinja became one of its auxiliary shrines."]
[7062,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","人物・人名・役職名","桓武天皇","かんむてんのう","Emperor Kanmu","桓武天皇（735～806）は794年に京都へ首都を移した後、上賀茂神社を参拝し、国の平和を祈願しました。","After Emperor Kanmu (735–806) moved the capital to Kyoto in 794, he made a pilgrimage to Kamigamo Jinja to pray for peace in the country."]
[7063,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","式年遷宮","しきねんせんぐう","shikinen sengu","上賀茂神社は1036年に、式年遷宮という、21年ごとに行うすべての神聖な建造物の儀式的な再建を始めました。","In 1036, Kamigamo Jinja began the practice of shikinen sengu, the ritual rebuilding of all sacred structures, which took place every 21 years.","※「shikinen sengu」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7064,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","斎院","さいいん","Saiin","そのような皇女は斎院と呼ばれ、特定の神社の儀式に参加しました。","She was referred to as the Saiin and participated in certain shrine rituals."]
[7065,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","人物・人名・役職名","源頼朝","みなもと（の）よりとも","Minamoto Yoritomo","鎌倉幕府の初代将軍である源頼朝（1147～1199）は、不安定な時代にこの神社へ彼の庇護を与えました。","Minamoto Yoritomo (1147–1199), the first Kamakura shogun, bestowed his protection on the shrine during a period of unrest."]
[7066,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","人物・人名・役職名","織田信長","おだのぶなが","Oda Nobunaga","日本の最初の偉大な統一者と見なされる織田信長（1534～1582）は、賀茂競馬の儀式のために馬を提供しました。","Oda Nobunaga (1534–1582), regarded as the first great unifier of Japan, provided a horse for the Kamo Kurabeuma horse racing ritual."]
[7067,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","人物・人名・役職名","豊臣秀吉","とよとみひでよし","Toyotomi Hideyoshi","信長の後継者の豊臣秀吉（1537～1598）は、高い費用のかかる式年遷宮の1つを後援しました。","His successor Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1537–1598) sponsored one of the costly shikinen sengu reconstructions."]
[7068,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","人物・人名・役職名","徳川家康","とくがわいえやす","Tokugawa Ieyasu","徳川幕府の初代将軍である徳川家康（1543～1616）は、関ケ原の戦いを行った1600年に上賀茂神社へ参拝しました。","Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543–1616), the first Tokugawa shogun, made a pilgrimage to the shrine in 1600, the year he fought in the Battle of Sekigahara."]
[7069,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","社会","関ヶ原の戦い","せきがはらのたたかい","Battle of Sekigahara ","徳川幕府の初代将軍である徳川家康（1543～1616）は、関ケ原の戦いを行った1600年に上賀茂神社へ参拝しました。","Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543–1616), the first Tokugawa shogun, made a pilgrimage to the shrine in 1600, the year he fought in the Battle of Sekigahara."]
[7070,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","人物・人名・役職名","明治天皇","めいじてんのう","Emperor Meiji","1867年に最後の徳川将軍が正式に辞任した後、明治天皇（1852–1912）は、1868年に上賀茂神社へ参拝し、神社の御祭神に日本の統治権が天皇に戻ったことを報告しました。","After the last Tokugawa shogun formally stepped down in 1867, Emperor Meiji (1852–1912) made a pilgrimage to Kamigamo Jinja in 1868 to inform the shrine deity that governing power in Japan had been returned to the emperor."]
[7071,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","絵馬","えま","ema","拝殿の前の絵馬掛にはカラフルな絵馬が掛けられており、絵馬には、紫式部の絵と彼女が参拝した時に書いた詩がかかれています。","A rack in front of the worship hall displays colorful ema (votive tablets), each bearing an image of Murasaki Shikibu and the poem she wrote during her pilgrimage.","※「ema」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「votive tablet」も使用することも可能。"]
[7072,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","お守り","おまもり","omamori","二葉葵の紋は、瓦や灯籠、飾り金具、絵馬、お守りなどに見られます。","The futaba aoi crest can be seen on roof tiles, lanterns, decorative metalwork, ema votive tablets, and omamori charms.","※「omamori」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7073,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","庭園・公園","渉渓園","しょうけいえん","Shokei’en Garden","上賀茂神社境内の東側にある渉渓園は、曲がりくねった小川を中心に設計されました。","The Shokei’en Garden on the eastern side of Kamigamo Jinja grounds is designed around a winding stream."]
[7074,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","葵使","あおいつかい","aoi tsukai","葵使と呼ばれる使節が、上賀茂神社で葵を集めて江戸（現在の東京）へ運び、武運長久の祈願として将軍に献上しました。","An envoy called aoi tsukai (aoi messenger) would collect aoi plants at the shrine and transport them to Edo (modern Tokyo) to be presented to the shogun as a prayer for further victories.","※「aoi tsukai」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7075,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","陰陽道","おんみょうどう","onmyodo","平安時代（794〜1185）から、賀茂氏は陰陽道の熟練した術者として知られるようになりました。","Beginning from the Heian period (794–1185), the Kamo clan became known as skilled practitioners of onmyodo (“the way of yin and yang”).","※「onmyodo」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7076,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","狛犬","こまいぬ","komainu","本殿と権殿は、左は狛犬という伝説上の獣、右は唐獅子が対になった像と絵画で守られています。","Both the Honden and the Gonden are protected by paired statues and paintings of sacred guardians, a mythical komainu beast on the left and a karajishi lion on the right.","※「komainu」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7077,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","唐獅子","からじし","karajishi","本殿と権殿は、左は狛犬という伝説上の獣、右は唐獅子が対になった像と絵画で守られています。","Both the Honden and the Gonden are protected by paired statues and paintings of sacred guardians, a mythical komainu beast on the left and a karajishi lion on the right.","※「karajishi」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7078,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","立砂","たてすな","tatesuna","神社の境内では、細殿の前にある立砂という円錐形の砂は神山を表しています。","On the main shrine grounds, the sacred mountain is represented by the twin tatesuna sand cones in front of the Hosodono Hall.","※「tatesuna」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7079,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","細殿","ほそどの","Hosodono Hall","神社の境内では、細殿の前にある立砂という円錐形の砂は神山を表しています。","On the main shrine grounds, the sacred mountain is represented by the twin tatesuna sand cones in front of the Hosodono Hall."]
[7080,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","権殿","ごんでん","Gonden (Temporary Sanctuary)","上賀茂神社の本社の区域には、本殿と権殿と呼ばれる2つの社殿が並んでいます。","Two sanctuaries called the Honden (Main Sanctuary) and the Gonden (Temporary Sanctuary) stand side by side within the main shrine area of Kamigamo Jinja."]
[7081,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","建造物等","流造","ながれづくり","nagare-zukuri","2つの社殿は、流造と呼ばれる古典的な神社の建築様式で建てられています。流造は、非対称の切妻屋根が特徴です。","Both sanctuaries are constructed in a classic Shinto architecture style called nagare-zukuri, characterized by an asymmetrical gabled roof.","※「nagare-zukuri」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7082,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","建造物等","切妻屋根","きりづまやね","gabled roof","2つの社殿は、流造と呼ばれる古典的な神社の建築様式で建てられています。流造は、非対称の切妻屋根が特徴です。","Both sanctuaries are constructed in a classic Shinto architecture style called nagare-zukuri, characterized by an asymmetrical gabled roof."]
[7083,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","工芸・美術品","狩野派","かのうは","Kano school","社殿の壁に描かれた狛犬の絵は元々、江戸時代（1603〜1867）に傑出した有名な狩野派の絵師によって描かれました。","The paintings on the walls of the sanctuaries were originally done by artists from the renowned Kano school that was prominent in the Edo period (1603–1867)."]
[7084,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","社会","応仁の乱","おうにんのらん","Onin War","上賀茂神社の守護者にまつわる民話によれば、応仁の乱（1467〜1477）の混乱の中で、神職たちは戦場に出なければならず、神様を守ることができませんでした。","According to a folk tale about the guardians of Kamigamo Jinja, in the chaos of the Onin War (1467–1477) shrine priests had to depart for the battlefield and could not protect the deity."]
[7085,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","影狛","かげこま","kagekoma","このことから、壁の絵は影狛と呼ばれています。","This is why the wall paintings are called kagekoma (“shadow guardians”).","※「kagekoma」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7086,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","賀茂御祖神社","かもみおやじんじゃ","Kamomioya Jinja Shrine","賀茂祭は上賀茂神社の最も重要な毎年恒例の祭りで、国の平和と安全、そして国民の幸福を祈願するために、賀茂御祖神社（下鴨神社）と共同で開催されています。","The Kamo Festival is the most important annual festival of Kamigamo Jinja, held jointly with Kamomioya Jinja Shrine (Shimogamo Jinja) to pray for the peace and safety of the country and the well-being of the people."]
[7087,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","下鴨神社","しもがもじんじゃ","Shimogamo Jinja Shrine","賀茂祭は上賀茂神社の最も重要な毎年恒例の祭りで、国の平和と安全、そして国民の幸福を祈願するために、賀茂御祖神社（下鴨神社）と共同で開催されています。","The Kamo Festival is the most important annual festival of Kamigamo Jinja, held jointly with Kamomioya Jinja Shrine (Shimogamo Jinja) to pray for the peace and safety of the country and the well-being of the people."]
[7088,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","年中行事","祇園祭","ぎおんまつり","Gion Festival (Gion Matsuri)","7月の祇園祭、10月の時代祭と並んで、京都で最大かつ最も人気のある3つの祭りの1つです。","It is one of the three largest and most popular festivals in Kyoto alongside the Gion Festival (Gion Matsuri) in July and the Festival of the Ages (Jidai Matsuri) in October."]
[7089,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","年中行事","時代祭","じだいまつり","Festival of the Ages (Jidai Matsuri)","7月の祇園祭、10月の時代祭と並んで、京都で最大かつ最も人気のある3つの祭りの1つです。","It is one of the three largest and most popular festivals in Kyoto alongside the Gion Festival (Gion Matsuri) in July and the Festival of the Ages (Jidai Matsuri) in October."]
[7090,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","城跡・城郭・宮殿","京都御所","きょうとごしょ","Kyoto Imperial Palace","行列は午前10:30に京都御所から下鴨神社へと出発し、下鴨神社で様々な儀式が行われます。","The procession departs from Kyoto Imperial Palace at 10:30 a.m. and heads toward Shimogamo Jinja, where various rituals are conducted."]
[7091,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","斎王代","さいおうだい","Saiodai","細殿の前で子供たちが相撲の試合に出場するとき、平安時代の精巧な装束を身に着けた斎王代（選ばれた神事に参加する名誉上の巫女）とその付き添いが細殿の中から観戦します。","When children compete in sumo wrestling matches in front of the Hosodono, the Saiodai (the honorary shrine priestess who takes part in select rituals) and her companions, all wearing elaborate Heian-period robes, watch the bouts from the hall."]
[7092,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","人物・人名・役職名","内蔵寮史生","くらりょうのししょう","supervisor of ritual offerings","その他の参列者は、平安時代の宮中の様々な人物を再現しており、軍事に関わる役人や内蔵寮史生、楽師、舞人、公家の女性、采女、騎女などがいます。","Others represent various figures from the Heian court, such as military officials, supervisors of ritual offerings, musicians, dancers, noblewomen, ladies-in-waiting, and sacred maidens."]
[7093,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","人物・人名・役職名","采女","うねめ","lady-in-waiting","その他の参列者は、平安時代の宮中の様々な人物を再現しており、軍事に関わる役人や内蔵寮史生、楽師、舞人、公家の女性、采女、騎女などがいます。","Others represent various figures from the Heian court, such as military officials, supervisors of ritual offerings, musicians, dancers, noblewomen, ladies-in-waiting, and sacred maidens."]
[7094,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","人物・人名・役職名","騎女","むなのりおんな","sacred maiden","その他の参列者は、平安時代の宮中の様々な人物を再現しており、軍事に関わる役人や内蔵寮史生、楽師、舞人、公家の女性、采女、騎女などがいます。","Others represent various figures from the Heian court, such as military officials, supervisors of ritual offerings, musicians, dancers, noblewomen, ladies-in-waiting, and sacred maidens."]
[7095,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","乗物","牛車","ぎっしゃ","ox cart","歴史的に最高位の参加者を運ぶために使用された2台の装飾された牛車と、鮮やかな色の花で飾った大きな傘がお祭りの雰囲気を高めます。","Two decorated ox carts that were historically used to carry the highest-ranking participants, as well as large umbrellas topped with brightly colored flowers add to the festive atmosphere."]
[7096,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","橋殿","はしどの","Hashidono Hall","橋殿は、ならの小川にまたがる壁の無い建物で、さまざまな儀式やお祭り、神聖な舞に利用されています。","The Hashidono Hall is an open-air structure that spans the Nara no Ogawa Stream and is used for various rituals, festivals, and sacred dances."]
[7097,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","年中行事","元服","げんぷく","coming-of-age ritual","賀茂別雷大神は賀茂氏出身の身分の高い女性の元に生まれ、元服の儀式の途中で天へ昇りました。","Kamo Wakeikazuchi no Okami was born to a high-ranking woman of the Kamo clan and ascended to the heavens during his coming-of-age ritual."]
[7098,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","芸能・興行・イベント","勅祭","ちょくさい","chokusai","京都が首都になってから間もなくの807年、賀茂祭は、勅使が天皇に代わって奉納物と祈りを捧げる、宮廷によって公式に支持された儀式である勅祭になりました。","In 807, not long after Kyoto became the capital of Japan, the Kamo Festival became a chokusai, a ceremony officially supported by the imperial court in which a chokushi messenger presents offerings and prayers on behalf of the emperor.","※「chokusai」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7099,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","年中行事","御禊の儀","ぎょけいのぎ","Gyokei purification ceremony","斎王代はかつて斎院が担っていた務めを果たし、5月4日の御禊の儀、5月15日の賀茂祭、9月9日の烏相撲、4月の賀茂曲水の宴に参加します。","The Saiodai fulfills the duties once carried out by the Saiin, taking part in the Gyokei purification ceremony on May 4th, the Kamo Festival on May 15th, the Karasuzumo ritual on September 9th, and the Kamo Kyokusui no En event in April."]
[7100,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","年中行事","賀茂曲水の宴","かもきょくすいのえん","Kamo Kyokusui no En","4月には渉渓園で賀茂曲水の宴と呼ばれる、歌を書く行事が行われます。","A poetry-writing event called Kamo Kyokusui no En (“winding stream banquet”) is held in the Shokei’en Garden in April."]
[7101,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","年中行事","賀茂競馬","かもくらべうま","Kamo Kurabeuma","賀茂競馬は、5月15日に行われる壮大な賀茂祭（葵祭とも呼ばれる）に先駆けて上賀茂神社で開催される、馬を競争させる儀式です。","The Kamo Kurabeuma is a horse racing ritual held at Kamigamo Jinja ahead of the grand Kamo Festival (also known as the Aoi Festival) that takes place on May 15th."]
[7102,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","芸能・興行・イベント","舞楽","ぶがく","bugaku","一連のお清めの儀式や祈祷の後、伝統的な舞楽の衣装を着た熟練の乗り手が全速力で馬を疾走させ、叫びながら、馬をゴールへと駆り立てます。","After a series of purification rites and prayers, skilled riders in traditional bugaku court dance attire gallop at full speed down the track, shouting and urging their horses on toward the goal.","※「bugaku」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「traditional court dance」も使用することも可能。"]
[7103,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神代","じんだい\n（かみよ）","Age of the Gods","神社の伝説によると、賀茂競馬の儀式は、神代に賀茂別雷大神の帰還を祈るために開催されました。","According to legend, horse races were held for Kamo Wakeikazuchi no Okami in the primordial Age of the Gods to pray for his return from the heavens."]
[7104,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","人物・人名・役職名","堀河天皇","ほりかわてんのう","Emperor Horikawa","1093年に、堀河天皇（1079–1107）が京都御所で行われていた馬による競争の行事を上賀茂神社に贈り、それ以来、賀茂競馬としてこの神社で開催されています。","In 1093, Emperor Horikawa (1079–1107) presented a horse race that was customarily performed at Kyoto Imperial Palace to the deity of Kamigamo Jinja, and it has been held at the shrine ever since as the Kamo Kurabeuma."]
[7105,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","その他","京都市登録無形民俗文化財","きょうとしとうろくむけいみんぞくぶんかざい","Intangible Folk Cultural Property of Kyoto","この儀式は、長い歴史と宗教的重要性が認められ、京都市登録無形民俗文化財です。","The ritual is a registered Intangible Folk Cultural Property of Kyoto in recognition of its long history and religious significance."]
[7106,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","頓宮","とんぐう","temporary enshrinement site","当日は、賀茂別雷大神がこの儀式を見守るために競馬場の脇の頓宮に移されます。","On the day of the event, the deity Kamo Wakeikazuchi no Okami is transferred to a temporary enshrinement site beside the track to oversee the festivities."]
[7107,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","賢木","さかき","sakaki","その後、もう一人の神職が神聖な賢木の枝を振って、橋殿にいる全ての人と、儀式を見るために集まった人々を清めます。","Another priest wielding a branch of the sacred sakaki tree then proceeds to purify everyone assembled on the Hashidono, as well as the people who gathered to watch the ceremony. ","※「sakaki」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\n「榊」とも書く。"]
[7108,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","芸能・興行・イベント","左方","さかた","Sakata team","左方は明るい朱色の衣装を着ており、右方は茶色と黒の衣装を着ています。","The Sakata team wears bright vermilion attire, and the Ukata team is dressed in brown and black."]
[7109,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","芸能・興行・イベント","右方","うかた","Ukata team","左方は明るい朱色の衣装を着ており、右方は茶色と黒の衣装を着ています。","The Sakata team wears bright vermilion attire, and the Ukata team is dressed in brown and black."]
[7110,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","年中行事","夏越大祓","なごしのおおはらえ","Nagoshi no Oharae","6月30日の日没後、夏越大祓の際、神職は律動的に祈りを唱えながら、かがり火で照らされた橋殿から、ならの小川へ紙人形を流します。","After sunset on June 30th, during the Nagoshi no Oharae (Great Summer Purification) ritual, shrine priests send the papers floating down the Nara no Ogawa Stream from the torch-lit Hashidono Hall, accompanied by the rhythmic chanting of prayers."]
[7111,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","人形","ひとがた","hitogata","上賀茂神社は、人から人形（ひとがた）と呼ばれる紙人形へ不浄なものを移すなど、独特な祓の仕方で知られています。","Kamigamo Jinja is known for a particular style of purification that involves transferring impurities from a person to a paper doll called hitogata.","※大祓に利用される紙人形のこと。\n「hitogata」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7112,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","芸能・興行・イベント","和歌","わか","waka","神職の一人は前進し、公家であり歌人であった藤原家隆（1158～1237）が書いた上賀茂神社での夏越大祓を詠んだ和歌を詠み上げます。","A priest steps forward to recite a waka poem about summer purification at Kamigamo Jinja written by Fujiwara Ietaka (1158–1237), a court noble and poet.","※「waka」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7113,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","人物・人名・役職名","藤原家隆 ","ふじわらのいえたか","Fujiwara Ietaka","神職の一人は前進し、公家であり歌人であった藤原家隆（1158～1237）が書いた上賀茂神社での夏越大祓を詠んだ和歌を詠み上げます。","A priest steps forward to recite a waka poem about summer purification at Kamigamo Jinja written by Fujiwara Ietaka (1158–1237), a court noble and poet."]
[7114,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","祓詞","はらえことば","purification prayer","続いて、二人の神職が橋殿の端に座り、事前に箱に集めたひとがたという紙人形を次々と下の小川に素早くはじき、他の神職は祓詞を唱えます。","Two priests then sit at the edge of the Hashidono with a box of assembled hitogata paper dolls and rapidly swipe them one after the other into the stream below, while others chant a purification prayer."]
[7115,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","年中行事","烏相撲","からすずもう","Karasuzumo","上賀茂神社の最も珍しい儀式のひとつに、神社が古くからカラスと縁があったことにちなんだ烏相撲があります。","One of the most unusual festivals held at Kamigamo Jinja is Karasuzumo (“crow sumo wrestling”), which honors the shrine’s ancient connection to crows."]
[7116,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","年中行事","重陽神事","ちょうようしんじ","Choyo Ritual","上賀茂神社では、この伝統を祝うために重陽神事（別名「菊の神事」）を行います。","At Kamigamo Jinja, this tradition is celebrated with the Choyo Ritual, also known as the Chrysanthemum Ritual."]
[7117,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","人物・人名・役職名","烏族","からすぞく","karasuzoku","神社の伝説によると、かつては「烏族」と呼ばれていた上賀茂地域の人々は、若い賀茂別雷命大神のために相撲を行っていました。","According to shrine legend, people of the Kamigamo area, who were once called karasuzoku (“crow folk”), used to perform sumo for the young Kamo Wakeikazuchi no Okami.","※「karasuzoku」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7118,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","片山御子神社","かたやまみこじんじゃ","Katayama Miko Jinja Shrine","片山御子神社（別名片岡社）は、上賀茂神社の境内にある24の摂末社の中で最も重要だと考えられています。","Katayama Miko Jinja Shrine (also known as Kataokasha) is considered the most important of the 24 subsidiary and auxiliary shrines on Kamigamo Jinja grounds."]
[7119,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","片岡社","かたおかしゃ","Kataokasha","片山御子神社（別名片岡社）は、上賀茂神社の境内にある24の摂末社の中で最も重要だと考えられています。","Katayama Miko Jinja Shrine (also known as Kataokasha) is considered the most important of the 24 subsidiary and auxiliary shrines on Kamigamo Jinja grounds."]
[7120,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","書物","延喜式","えんぎしき","Engishiki","賀茂玉依姫命を祀る神社が最初に建てられた日付は不明ですが、片山御子神社については、『延喜式』（10世紀初頭の習慣と正式な手順をまとめ、その当時に現存した全2,861の神社のリストなども記載した）に記載されています。","The date when the first shrine to Kamo Tamayorihime no Mikoto was built is unknown, but Katayama Miko Jinja is mentioned in the Engishiki, a compilation of customs and official procedures from the early tenth century that includes a list of all 2,861 Shinto shrines in existence at that time.","※書名ので斜体で表記。"]
[7121,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","人物・人名・役職名","紫式部","むらさきしきぶ","Murasaki Shikibu","拝殿の前の絵馬掛にはカラフルな絵馬が掛けられており、絵馬には、紫式部の絵と彼女が参拝した時に書いた詩がかかれています。","A rack in front of the worship hall displays colorful ema (votive tablets), each bearing an image of Murasaki Shikibu and the poem she wrote during her pilgrimage."]
[7122,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","書物","源氏物語","げんじものがたり","Genji Monogatari (The Tale of Genji)","その中には、『源氏物語』の作者である紫式部（973？～1014？）も含まれ、彼女は幸せな結婚を願うために片山御子神社を参拝しました。","Many prominent Kyoto courtiers revered Kamo Tamayorihime no Mikoto, including Murasaki Shikibu (973?–1014?), the author of Genji Monogatari (The Tale of Genji), who made a pilgrimage to Katayama Miko Jinja to pray for a good marriage.","※書名ので斜体で表記。"]
[7123,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","新宮神社","しんぐうじんじゃ","Shingu Jinja Shrine","新宮神社は高龗神と呼ばれる龍神を祀っています。","Shingu Jinja Shrine is dedicated to a dragon deity called Takaokami no Kami."]
[7124,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","人物・人名・役職名","高龗神","たかおかみのかみ","Takaokami no Kami","新宮神社は高龗神と呼ばれる龍神を祀っています。","Shingu Jinja Shrine is dedicated to a dragon deity called Takaokami no Kami."]
[7125,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","貴布禰神社","きふねじんじゃ","Kifune Jinja Shrine","新宮神社は、貴布禰神社としても知られており、その名前は高龗神信仰の元々の中心であった北の貴船町にあるより大きな貴船神社に由来しています。","Shingu Jinja is also known as Kifune Jinja, after the larger shrine located to the north in the village of Kibune, which was the original center of Takaokami no Kami worship.","※新宮神社の別名。「貴船神社」と異なります。"]
[7126,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","貴船神社","きふねじんじゃ","Kifune Jinja Shrine","新宮神社は、貴布禰神社としても知られており、その名前は高龗神信仰の元々の中心であった北の貴船町にあるより大きな貴船神社に由来しています。","Shingu Jinja is also known as Kifune Jinja, after the larger shrine located to the north in the village of Kibune, which was the original center of Takaokami no Kami worship.","※左京区鞍馬貴船町の神社のこと。"]
[7127,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","集落・街","貴船町","きぶねちょう","Kibune","新宮神社は、貴布禰神社としても知られており、その名前は高龗神信仰の元々の中心であった北の貴船町にあるより大きな貴船神社に由来しています。","Shingu Jinja is also known as Kifune Jinja, after the larger shrine located to the north in the village of Kibune, which was the original center of Takaokami no Kami worship.","※「貴船神社」のある町のこと。"]
[7128,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","御幣","ごへい","gohei ","この神楽を依頼した参拝者は、御幣のような形をしたお札ももらいます。","Worshippers that have requested a kagura dance also receive a protective amulet shaped like a gohei (a sacred wand with paper streamers).","※「gohei」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7129,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大田神社","おおたじんじゃ","Ota Jinja Shrine","大田神社は上賀茂神社から東に約800メートルの所に位置し、太陽の女神である天照大御神に関する有名な神話に登場する女神、天鈿女命を祀っています。","Ota Jinja Shrine is located approximately 800 meters to the east of Kamigamo Jinja grounds and is dedicated to Ame no Uzume no Mikoto, a goddess from the famous myth about Amaterasu Omikami, the goddess of the sun."]
[7130,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","人物・人名・役職名","天鈿女命","あめのうずめのみこと","Ame no Uzume no Mikoto","大田神社は上賀茂神社から東に約800メートルの所に位置し、太陽の女神である天照大御神に関する有名な神話に登場する女神、天鈿女命を祀っています。","Ota Jinja Shrine is located approximately 800 meters to the east of Kamigamo Jinja grounds and is dedicated to Ame no Uzume no Mikoto, a goddess from the famous myth about Amaterasu Omikami, the goddess of the sun."]
[7131,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","人物・人名・役職名","天照大御神","あまてらすおおみかみ","Amaterasu Omikami","大田神社は上賀茂神社から東に約800メートルの所に位置し、太陽の女神である天照大御神に関する有名な神話に登場する女神、天鈿女命を祀っています。","Ota Jinja Shrine is located approximately 800 meters to the east of Kamigamo Jinja grounds and is dedicated to Ame no Uzume no Mikoto, a goddess from the famous myth about Amaterasu Omikami, the goddess of the sun."]
[7132,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","人物・人名・役職名","素戔嗚尊","すさのおのみこと","Susanoo no Mikoto","天照大御神は、弟の素戔嗚尊に腹を立てて洞窟に閉じ込もり、世界に終わりのない夜をもたらしました。","Amaterasu Omikami became angry with her brother Susanoo no Mikoto and shut herself in a cave, plunging the world into unending night."]
[7133,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","植物","杜若","かきつばた","kakitsubata (rabbit-ear iris)","大田神社の境内にある大田ノ沢は、杜若（カキツバタ）で有名です。","The Otanosawa Pond on the shrine grounds is renowned for kakitsubata, or rabbit-ear irises.","※「kakitsubata」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7134,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","湖沼","大田ノ沢","おおたのさわ","Otanosawa Pond","大田神社の境内にある大田ノ沢は、杜若（カキツバタ）で有名です。","The Otanosawa Pond on the shrine grounds is renowned for kakitsubata, or rabbit-ear irises."]
[7135,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","その他","天然記念物","てんねんきねんぶつ","Natural Monument","1945年に、杜若の池は天然記念物に指定されました。","In 1945, the iris pond was designated a Natural Monument."]
[7136,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","人物・人名・役職名","藤原俊成","ふじわらのしゅんぜい","Fujiwara Shunzei","廷臣の藤原俊成（1114～1204）によって書かれた特に有名な詩では、次のように詠まれています。","A particularly famous poem written by the courtier Fujiwara Shunzei (1114–1204) reads:"]
[7137,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","拝殿","はいでん","prayer hall","大田神社の拝殿は、現存する最古の神楽である里神楽に使われています。","The prayer hall at Ota Jinja is used for sato kagura, the oldest remaining style of sacred kagura dance."]
[7138,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","芸能・興行・イベント","里神楽","さとかぐら","sato kagura","里神楽は、鉦や太鼓による伴奏とともに行われます。","Sato kagura is accompanied by musicians playing cymbals and drums.","※「sato kagura」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7139,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","年中行事","神楽","かぐら","kagura","大田神社の拝殿は、現存する最古の神楽である里神楽に使われています。","The prayer hall at Ota Jinja is used for sato kagura, the oldest remaining style of sacred kagura dance.","※「kagura」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7140,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","芸能・興行・イベント","鉦","しょう\n（かね）","cymbals","里神楽は、鉦や太鼓による伴奏とともに行われます。","Sato kagura is accompanied by musicians playing cymbals and drums."]
[7141,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","年中行事","チャンポン神楽","ちゃんぽんかぐら","chanpon kagura","鉦と太鼓の音を表す言葉は「チャン」と「ポン」で、そこから「チャンポン神楽」という別名が生まれました。","The words used to describe the sounds of the cymbals and the drums are “chan” and “pon,” which gave rise to the alternative name chanpon kagura.","※「chanpon  kagura」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7142,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","建造物等","入母屋","いりもや","hip-and-gable roof","2階建ての構造や入母屋、魔や不幸から保護することを目的とした明るい朱色が特徴です。","The gate is characterized by a two-story construction, hip-and-gable roof, and bright vermilion color intended as protection from evil and misfortune."]
[7143,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","玉橋","たまばし","Tamabashi Bridge","楼門の前には、御物忌川にかかるアーチ型の玉橋があります。","In front of the Romon Gate is the arched Tamabashi Bridge that spans the Omonoi Stream."]
[7144,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","河川・渓谷","御物忌川","おものいがわ","Omonoi Stream","楼門の前には、御物忌川にかかるアーチ型の玉橋があります。","In front of the Romon Gate is the arched Tamabashi Bridge that spans the Omonoi Stream."]
[7145,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","舞殿","まいどの","Maidono","「橋殿」という名前は「橋」と「礼拝用の建物」を意味する字を組み合わせたもので、もう一つの名前である「舞殿」は「橋」の代わりに「舞」を意味する字に置き換えており、この建物が舞台として使用されることを示しています。","The name “Hashidono” combines the kanji characters for “bridge” and “worship hall,” while an alternative name, “Maidono,” replaces “bridge” with “dance,” referring to the hall’s use as a stage."]
[7146,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神馬舎","しんめしゃ","Shinmesha","神馬舎","Shinmesha (Stable of the Sacred Horse)","※見出し以外は日本語を使用せず、「stable of the sacred horse」という英語のみでの説明がお勧め。"]
[7147,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神の使い","かみのつかい","divine messenger ","神馬は神社に奉納されたもので、賀茂別雷大神に神の使いとしてお仕えしています。","The horse is dedicated to the shrine to serve as a divine messenger for the deity Kamo Wakeikazuchi no Okami."]
[7148,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","年中行事","白馬奏覧神事","はくばそうらんじんじ","Hakuba Soran","例えば、1月7日の白馬奏覧（「神聖な馬の視察」）神事では、神馬は儀式用の馬具を装着して境内を歩き、本殿で神様に参拝します。","For example, during the Hakuba Soran (“sacred horse inspection”) ritual on January 7th, the horse wears ceremonial tack and is walked through the grounds to pay respects to the deity at the main sanctuary."]
[7149,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","人物・人名・役職名","中根金作","なかねきんさく","Nakane Kinsaku","徳仁天皇の誕生を記念して、1960年に有名な造園家の中根金作（1917〜1995）によって作成されました。","The garden was created in 1960 by the renowned landscape architect Nakane Kinsaku (1917–1995) in celebration of the birth of Emperor Naruhito."]
[7150,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","人物・人名・役職名","徳仁天皇","なるひとてんのう","Emperor Naruhito","徳仁天皇の誕生を記念して、1960年に有名な造園家の中根金作（1917〜1995）によって作成されました。","The garden was created in 1960 by the renowned landscape architect Nakane Kinsaku (1917–1995) in celebration of the birth of Emperor Naruhito."]
[7151,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","陰陽石","おんみょうせき","Onmyoseki","この石は「陰陽石」と呼ばれ、まるで石の半分半分が溶け合って一つになったように見えます。","The stone is called Onmyoseki (“yin and yang stone”) and appears as if two halves have melded into one piece."]
[7152,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","願い石","ねがいいし","Negai-ishi","石の別名は「願い石」です。","Another name of the stone is Negai-ishi, or “wishing stone.”"]
[7153,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","賀茂山口神社（沢田神社）","かもやまぐちじんじゃ（さわだじんじゃ）","Kamo Yamaguchi Jinja Shrine (Sawada Jinja)","訪問者は通常、石の両方の部分それぞれに両手を置いて願い事をした後、近くにある賀茂山口神社（沢田神社）で祈ります。","Visitors usually place hands on both halves of the stone to make a wish and then pray at the nearby Kamo Yamaguchi Jinja Shrine (also known as Sawada Jinja)."]
[7154,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","人物・人名・役職名","賀茂重保","かものしげやす","Kamo Shigeyasu","これは、1182年に、有名な歌人であった当時の上賀茂神社の宮司、賀茂重保が開いた貴族同士の歌の競作を現代的に再現したものです。","It is a modern reenactment of a poetry competition between nobles that was hosted in 1182 by Kamo Shigeyasu, the head priest of Kamigamo Jinja at that time and a renowned poet himself."]
[7155,"京都府","賀茂別雷神社","芸能・興行・イベント","短歌","たんか","tanka","この行事の際、華やかな平安時代の装束を着た著名な短歌の歌人が曲がりくねった小川の岸に座り、その年の選ばれたテーマに基づいて歌を作ります。","During the event, prominent tanka poets in ornate Heian-style court attire sit on the banks of the meandering stream and compose poems based on the theme chosen for the year."]
[7156,"京都府","真宗大谷派","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大谷派","おおたには","Otani branch","東本願寺は、日本で最も大きな仏教の宗派のひとつである浄土真宗の大谷派の本山である。","Higashi Honganji is the head temple of the Otani branch of Jodo Shinshu (True Pure Land), one of the largest Buddhist denominations in Japan."]
[7157,"京都府","真宗大谷派","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","浄土真宗","じょうどしんしゅう","Jodo Shinshu (True Pure Land)","東本願寺は、日本で最も大きな仏教の宗派のひとつである浄土真宗の大谷派の本山である。","Higashi Honganji is the head temple of the Otani branch of Jodo Shinshu (True Pure Land), one of the largest Buddhist denominations in Japan."]
[7158,"京都府","真宗大谷派","人物・人名・役職名","門首","もんしゅ","head priest","本願寺と名付けられたこの寺は、第8代門首の蓮如（1415-1499）の指導下で繁栄し、その勢力を大幅に拡大した。","Named Honganji, the temple flourished under its eighth head priest, Rennyo (1415–1499), who considerably expanded its membership and influence.","※浄土真宗に僧侶はいないため「門首」を「abbot」と表記することは誤りとされる。"]
[7159,"京都府","真宗大谷派","工芸・美術品","厨子","ずし","reliquary","この木像は、彼の子孫が毎朝鍵を開けて開く厨子に納められており、昔からの習慣となっている。","The image is kept in a reliquary whose doors are unlocked and opened every morning by one of his descendants, as has been the tradition for centuries."]
[7160,"京都府","真宗大谷派","建造物等","入母屋造り","いりもやづくり","hip-and-gable","屋根は入母屋造りで2階建てのように見えるが、低い方の屋根は装飾である。","The double-layered hip-and-gable roof makes the building appear to have two stories, but the lower roof is decorative."]
[7161,"京都府","真宗大谷派","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","外陣","げじん","gejin","堂の内部は、畳に座って参拝する外陣と内陣に分かれている。","The interior of the hall is divided into the gejin, a worship area where visitors sit on tatami mats, and the naijin, the inner sanctum."]
[7162,"京都府","真宗大谷派","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","内陣","ないじん","naijin","堂の内部は、畳に座って参拝する外陣と内陣に分かれている。","The interior of the hall is divided into the gejin, a worship area where visitors sit on tatami mats, and the naijin, the inner sanctum."]
[7163,"京都府","真宗大谷派","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","浄土","じょうど","Pure Land","浄土の輝きと安楽さを表現するためのものである。","...to represent the brilliance and contentment of the Pure Land, the paradise that represents perfect enlightenment."]
[7164,"京都府","真宗大谷派","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","七高僧","しちこうそう","seven patriarchs","祭壇の左奥の壁には浄土真宗の七高僧が描かれている。","On the back wall to the left of the altar hang paintings portraying the seven patriarchs of Jodo Shinshu."]
[7165,"京都府","真宗大谷派","建造物等","欄間","らんま","ranma transom","内陣の扉の上には金色の欄間がある。","Above the doors to the inner sanctum runs a gilded ranma transom."]
[7166,"京都府","真宗大谷派","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","無量寿経","むりょうじゅきょう","Sutra of Immeasurable Life","この組み合わせは、浄土真宗の重要な経典の一つである「無量寿経」の教えを表している。","This combination of deities represents the preaching of the Sutra of Immeasurable Life. "]
[7167,"京都府","真宗大谷派","建造物等","隠退所","いんたいしょ","retirement residence","渉成園は、属している東本願寺の歴代門首の隠退所として利用されてきた。","Shoseien Garden traditionally served as a retirement residence for head priests of Higashi Honganji Temple, to which the garden belongs."]
[7168,"京都府","真宗大谷派","植物","ミズアオイ（水葵）","みずあおい","mizuaoi","園内にはいくつもの鳥、蝶やトンボが生息しており、秋に青紫色の花を咲かせるミズアオイ（Monochoria korsakowii）などの珍しい植物も見ることができる。","The grounds provide a habitat for several species of birds, butterflies, and dragonflies, as well as rare plants such as mizuaoi (Monochoria korsakowii), a type of water hyacinth with bluish-purple flowers that bloom in autumn."]
[7169,"京都府","真宗大谷派","芸能・興行・イベント","茶会","ちゃかい","tea (chanoyu) gathering","渉成園の臨池亭と滴翠軒の2つの客殿は、東本願寺を訪れた客人のための茶会や接待に使われてきた。","Shoseien’s interconnected Rinchitei and Tekisuiken reception halls were traditionally used for tea (chanoyu) gatherings and other entertainment organized for guests visiting Higashi Honganji Temple."]
[7170,"京都府","真宗大谷派","建造物等","大玄関","おおげんかん","Ogenkan veranda","この部屋にはいくつかの入り口があり、そのうちの1つは隣接する「大玄関」と渡り廊下でつながっている。","That room has several entrances, including one that connects to the adjacent Ogenkan veranda via a corridor."]
[7171,"京都府","真宗大谷派","建造物等","馬繋ぎ","うまつなぎ","stables","車から縁側に降りると、馬は南側にある「馬繋ぎ」に連れて行かれた。","Visitors could step down onto the porch from their vehicle while their horses were led to the stables on the south side."]
[7172,"京都府","真宗大谷派","植物","枳殻","きこく","trifoliate orange tree (kikoku)","壁の近くには、枳殻（きこく）の小さな垣根がある。","A small hedge of trifoliate orange trees (kikoku) grows in the vicinity."]
[7173,"京都府","真宗大谷派","書物","源氏物語","げんじものがたり","The Tale of Genji","大臣や詩人だった源融（822-895）は、天皇の息子であり、世界最初の小説とも呼ばれている「源氏物語」の主人公である光源氏のモデルになったとも言われている。","It memorializes Minamoto no Toru (822–895), a statesman and poet who was the son of an emperor and is sometimes cited as the inspiration for Hikaru Genji, the protagonist of The Tale of Genji, the world’s first novel."]
[7174,"京都府","真宗大谷派","河川・渓谷","琵琶湖疏水","びわこそすい","Lake Biwa Canal","1897年には、東本願寺と滋賀県の琵琶湖を源流とする琵琶湖疏水とを結ぶパイプラインが敷設された。","In 1897, the spring was hooked up to a system of pipelines that joined Higashi Honganji Temple with the Lake Biwa Canal, which originates at Lake Biwa in neighboring Shiga Prefecture."]
[7175,"京都府","真宗大谷派","植物","ノカンゾウ（野萱草）","のかんぞう","orange daylily (nokanzo)","6月にはクチナシが咲き、夏の終わりにはノカンゾウが見頃を迎える。","Gardenias bloom in June, while late summer is the season for the orange daylily (nokanzo)."]
[7176,"京都府","真宗大谷派","植物","ムラサキシキブ（紫式部）","むらさきしきぶ","Japanese beautyberry (murasaki shikibu)","また、9月から11月にかけては、印月池のほとりに植えられたムラサキシキブの可憐な枝に紫色のつぼみがつく。","From September to November, sprays of purple berries appear on the dainty branches of Japanese beautyberry (murasaki shikibu) plants along the shores of Ingetsuchi Pond."]
[7177,"京都府","真宗大谷派","庭園・公園","築山","つきやま","artificial hill","「滴翠軒」は、裏の築山から池に流れ込む小水にちなんで「小川のほとりの軒」という意味だ。","Tekisuiken translates as “house by the stream” in reference to the small stream that flows into the pond from the artificial hill behind the building."]
[7178,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","本宮","ほんぐう","main shrine(s)","住吉大社本宮は、それぞれの守護神を祀る4つのお堂が、湾に向かって西向きに建っている。","Sumiyoshi Taisha’s main shrines—the four halls which house its patron deities—face west toward the bay.","※複数形「main shrines」、単数形「main shrine」"]
[7179,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","幣殿","へいでん","offering hall","拝殿もしくは幣殿は住吉大社の他の3つの本宮と比較すると大きい。","Its offering hall, or heiden, is larger than those of the other three main shrines."]
[7180,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","本殿","ほんでん"," main sanctuary","本殿の中には2つの部屋がある。","The main sanctuary (honden) has two rooms."]
[7181,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","建造物等","渡殿","わたりどの","short corridor","鳥居のある短い廊下（渡殿）で本殿とつながっている。","It is connected to the main sanctuary by a short corridor that contains a torii gate."]
[7182,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","人物・人名・役職名","皇后","こうごう","empress-regent","第四本宮には、3世紀初頭に住吉大社を創建したとされる神功皇后が祀られている。","Daiyon Hongū, or “fourth main shrine,” is dedicated to the legendary empress-regent Jingū, who is said to have founded Sumiyoshi Taisha in the early third century."]
[7183,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","年中行事","大嘗祭","だいじょうさい","daijōsai, a Shinto ceremony performed to mark the accession of a new emperor","住吉造の建物は、天皇の即位を祝う神道の儀式である大嘗祭の際に建てられた仮設の神社に似ている。","Sumiyoshi-zukuri buildings are similar to the temporary structures created for the daijōsai, a Shinto ceremony performed to mark the accession of a new emperor.  "]
[7184,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","人物・人名・役職名","綿津見","わたつみ","Watatsumi, a powerful god of the sea revered by sailors","大海神社は、元々船乗りが崇拝する強力な海の神である綿津見を祀っていた。","It was originally dedicated to Watatsumi, a powerful god of the sea revered by sailors."]
[7185,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","人物・人名・役職名","船大工","ふなだいく","shipwright(s)","この橋は船大工によって作られたと考えられており、円形の構造は船体を逆さにしたような構造になっている。","The bridge is thought to have been constructed by shipwrights as the circular construction is reminiscent of an upside-down ship’s hull.","※複数形「shipwrights」、単数形「shipwright」"]
[7186,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","その他","観覧","かんらん","attend","住吉大社のご神体のために、踊り手、歌い手、演奏者は公演するが、一般の方も観覧できる。","Dancers, singers, and musicians perform here for the deities of Sumiyoshi Taisha, but the public is also welcome to attend. "]
[7187,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","植物","ハマヒエガエリ","はまひえがえり","(Polypogon fugax), a grass that only grows in salty soil","御田には、かつて神社の入り口のすぐ近くまで大阪湾が広がっていたことを示す塩分を含んだ土壌にしか生えない草、ハマヒエガエリなどの様々な特徴的な植物が生息していることが研究者により確認されている。","Researchers have found a diverse mix of plants in the paddy, including hamahiegaeri (Polypogon fugax), a grass that only grows in salty soil—a reminder that Osaka Bay once extended to the shrine’s doorstep."]
[7188,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","その他","旧暦","きゅうれき"," traditional Chinese calendar","旧暦のウサギの日・月・年に住吉大社は創建されたといわれており、ウサギは住吉大社と密接な関係がある。","Rabbits are closely associated with the shrine as it is said to have been founded on the day, month, and year of the rabbit according to the traditional Chinese calendar."]
[7189,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","参道","さんどう","sandō","神社や仏閣の表参道を「参道」(文字通り、参拝するための道)と呼び、「ショウメン」とは「正面」のことを意味する。","A sandō (literally, the path or “way” to worship) is the main approach to a Shinto shrine or Buddhist temple; shōmen means “front.”","※「sandō」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7190,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","人物・人名・役職名","武将","ぶしょう","warrior-noble","島津家の言い伝えによると、忠久の母は、有力な武将であった比企能員（？-1203）の妹である丹後局（？-1216）で、父は日本の最初の幕府（1185-1333）を築いた源頼朝であったと言われている。","According to Shimazu family lore, Tadahisa’s mother was Tango no Tsubone (?–1216), sister of warrior-noble Hiki Yoshikazu (?–1203), and his father was Minamoto no Yoritomo (1147–1199), who would found Japan’s first shogunate (1185–1333)."]
[7191,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","石灯籠","いしどうろう","stone lantern(s)","住吉大社の参道には、600個以上の石灯籠が並んでいる。","More than 600 stone lanterns line the paths around Sumiyoshi Taisha.","※複数形「stone lanterns」、単数形「stone lantern」"]
[7192,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","願い事","ねがいごと","wish","また、その石を持ち歩くことで、願い事が叶うと言われている。","Carrying the pebbles around is said to help make a wish  come true."]
[7193,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","商売繁盛","しょうばいはんじょう","success in business","住吉大社への参拝者が求めるご利益の一つに「商売繁盛」がある。","One of the blessings sought by visitors to Sumiyoshi Taisha is success in business. "]
[7194,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","その他","招き猫","まねきねこ","beckoning cat","楠珺社では、お賽銭と引き換えに招福猫と呼ばれる招き猫の土人形をもらえる。","If you make a donation at Nankun-sha, you will receive a clay figurine of a beckoning cat called shōfuku neko."]
[7195,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","化身","けしん","manifestation(s)","この神社では穀物や農業の神である稲荷の化身の一つとされる神、倉稲魂命を祀る。","This shrine is devoted to Uka no Mitama no Mikoto, a Shinto god said to be one of many manifestations of Inari, a deity of grain and agriculture.","※複数形「manifestations」、単数形「manifestation」"]
[7196,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","収穫神","しゅうかくがみ","harvest god","神話に登場する収穫神・大年神を祀る。","This shrine is dedicated to Ōtoshi no Kami, a harvest god in Shinto mythology."]
[7197,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","占う","うらなう","fortune-telling","願い事や目標が叶うかどうかを占うために使う。","They are used for fortune-telling, specifically to check if a wish or goal will come true."]
[7198,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","芸能・興行・イベント","芸能","げいのう","performing arts","この神社には美と芸能の守護神である水の神、市杵島姫命を祀っている。","This shrine is dedicated to the water goddess Ichikishimahime no Mikoto, a guardian deity of beauty and the performing arts."]
[7199,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","その他","冊","さつ","volume(s)","住吉大社の蔵書はおおよそ5万冊にまで成長したが、その一部だけがもとの倉庫の中に残っている。","The collection at Sumiyoshi Taisha has grown to some 50,000 volumes, only a portion of which is still stored inside the original depository building.","※複数形「volumes」、単数形「volume」"]
[7200,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","人物・人名・役職名","侍者","おもと","omoto","侍者とは 「従者」 の意味であり、２文字の漢字の内の最初の文字は後に武士に使われ、さむらいと読まれるようになったが、おそらく神の使いとしての田裳見宿禰の職務を意味していると思われる。","Omoto means “attendant”—the first of the two kanji characters was later applied to warriors and read samurai—and likely refers to Tamomi no Sukune’s role as a servant of the gods."]
[7201,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","植物","卯の花","うのはな","unohana","この植物は、旧暦の卯月に咲くことから日本語で「卯の花」と呼ばれている。","In Japanese, the plant is called unohana, or “rabbit flower,”  as its blooming season coincides with the month of the rabbit in the ancient Chinese calendar. "]
[7202,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","年中行事","初詣","はつもうで","hatsumōde, the traditional first shrine visit of the year","毎年1月の初詣には200万人もの人々が住吉大社を訪れる。","Two million people come to Sumiyoshi Taisha each January for hatsumōde, the traditional first shrine visit of the year.  "]
[7203,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","史跡","古都","こと","old imperial capital(s) ","住吉大社は、大阪港と、そのさらに内陸にある奈良や京都などの古都を精神的に守っている。","Sumiyoshi Taisha spiritually protects the port of Osaka and the old imperial capitals of Nara and Kyoto further inland.","※複数形「old imperial capitals」、単数形「old imperial capital」"]
[7204,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","人物・人名・役職名","航海士","こうかいし","navigator(s)","一説によると、この独特の配置は、航海士がよく使っていたオリオン座の帯の3つの星を模していると言われている。","According to one theory, the unique layout of the main shrines emulates the three stars of Orion’s belt, which were commonly used by navigators.","※複数形「navigators」、単数形「navigator」"]
[7205,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","その他","日本を統一（した）","にほんをとういつ（した）","re-unified","淀殿は内戦を経て日本を統一し、1582年から1598年まで統治した豊臣秀吉（1536-1598）の側室であった。","Yododono was a consort of Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1536–1598), the powerful warlord who re-unified Japan after a period of civil war and ruled from 1582 to 1598."]
[7206,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","岩石・洞窟","小石","こいし","pebble(s)"," 石の中には「五」「大」「力」の文字が刻まれているものが何も刻まれていない小石の中にまかれている。","Pebbles inscribed with the character for “five” (go, 五), “large” (dai, 大), or “power” (riki, 力) are scattered among unmarked stones at the site.","※複数形「pebbles」、単数形「pebble」"]
[7207,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","その他","朱","しゅ","vermillion","柱は朱塗り、外壁は白である。","The building’s columns are painted vermillion, and the exterior walls are white."]
[7208,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","年中行事","神楽","かぐら","ancient religious dance","神楽は古代の宗教的な踊りであり、雅楽はそれに伴う音楽である。","Kagura is an ancient religious dance and gagaku is the music that accompanies it. "]
[7209,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","絵馬","えま","small wooden plaque(s) (ema)","参拝者は、小さな木製の絵馬を購入し、祈りや恋の願いを書いて神社の外に吊るすことで、田裳見宿禰と市姫命が叶えてくれるという。","Visitors may purchase small wooden plaques (ema),  write down their prayers and wishes for love, and hang the plaques up outside the shrine to be fulfilled by Tamomi no Sukune and Ichihime no Mikoto.","※複数形「small wooden plaques」、単数形「small wooden plaque」"]
[7210,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","郷土景観","田んぼ","たんぼ"," rice paddy","住吉大社の境内のすぐ南側にある田んぼは、3世紀に神功皇后が最初に植えたと言われている。","The rice paddy just south of the shrine grounds is said to have first been planted by the legendary empress-regent Jingū in the third century."]
[7211,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","建造物等","排水場","はいすいじょう","overflow area","水を水盤の横の排水場に吐き出す。","Spit out the water into the overflow area beside the basin."]
[7212,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神の御加護","かみのごかご","divine help","光源氏は後に東宮妃となる女性と恋をしてしまうという過ちを犯したが、神の御加護で最終的には京都に戻り、朝廷の寵愛を受けることができたのである。","Genji had made the mistake of romancing the future wife of the crown prince, but—with a little divine help—he eventually managed to return to Kyoto and into the good graces of the imperial court."]
[7213,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","拝む","おがむ","pay their respects","今でも住吉大社には島津家のご先祖様の石を拝むために、鹿児島出身の人々が訪れる。","Even now, people from Kagoshima come to Sumiyoshi Taisha to pay their respects to the ancestors of the Shimazu family at this stone."]
[7214,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","乗物","北前船","きたまえぶね","Kitamaebune merchant ships","19世紀半ばから後半にかけて、大阪と北海道を結んだ北前船は、日本の近世経済・文化の形成に貢献した。","Kitamaebune merchant ships connected Osaka to Hokkaido during the mid- to late nineteenth century and helped shape Japan’s modern economy and culture.","※複数形「merchant ships」、単数形「merchant ship」"]
[7215,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","書物","初版","しょはん"," first printing of a book","これは、長らく住吉が詩歌・文学・芸能の街であったことから、出版社が初版本を寄贈することで、神への敬意を表し、本の出版を成功させることができたのである。","Given Sumiyoshi’s long association with poetry, literature, and entertainment, donating the first printing of a book was one way the publishers could honor the gods and ensure the book’s success."]
[7216,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","末社","まっしゃ","subsidiary shrine(s)","古代中国の12日周期で決められた月の最初の辰の日に住吉大社の四つの末社を参拝することで行われる。","The ritual is performed by visiting four massha, or subsidiary shrines, on the first dragon day of the month, as determined by the 12-day week of the ancient Chinese calendar.","※複数形「subsidiary shrines」、単数形「subsidiary shrine」"]
[7217,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","植物","稲穂","いなほ","stalk of rice","「みのりまいり」のならわしとして参拝者は、楠珺社で神聖な籾種を稲穂と交換し、それを次の大歳社で再び交換することができる。","Visitors performing the more complex Minori Mairi rite can exchange the sacred rice seed for a stalk of rice here; the rice stalk can be exchanged again at the next shrine, Ōtoshi-sha."]
[7218,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","植物","籾種","もみだね","rice seed","また、種貸社ではみのりまいりのならわしとして、参拝者は800円で神聖な籾種を購入することができ、次の楠珺社で稲穂と交換することができる。","Visitors performing the more complex Minori Mairi rite can buy a sacred rice seed from the shrine for 800 yen, which can be exchanged for a rice stalk at the next shrine, Nankun-sha."]
[7219,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","摂社","せっしゃ","small shrine","大歳社の隣には、「おもかる石」と呼ばれる石を使って、願い事が叶うかどうか占うことができる摂社がある。","Next to Ōtoshi-sha is a small shrine where visitors can use a set of stones called Omokaru-ishi to perform a ritual that tells whether their wishes will come true."]
[7220,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","巫女","みこ","shrine maiden(s)","1月上旬に行われる他の神事には、2人の神職による宮中の古式ゆかしい儀式や、神楽女と呼ばれる巫女による舞が行われる踏歌神事が1月4日にある。","Other events in early January include the Tōka Shinji on January 4, which features an ancient court ritual performed by two priests, as well as dances by shrine maidens called kagurame.","※複数形「shrine maidens」、単数形「shrine maiden」"]
[7221,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","芸能・興行・イベント","漫才","まんざい","stand-up routines performed by pairs of comedians","現在、漫才といえば、大阪を中心とした日本のショービジネスの定番である二人組の漫才を指す。","Today, manzai refers to stand-up routines performed by pairs of comedians—a staple of Japanese show business, especially in Osaka."]
[7222,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","その他","歯ぎしり","はぎしり","teeth-grinding","この神社の馬には数々の伝説や民間信仰があり、その中の１つには、白雪の飼料である大豆を3粒食べると歯ぎしりが治るというものがある。","The shrine’s horses are also connected to a number of legends and folk beliefs, including one that says eating three soybeans from Shirayuki’s fodder can cure teeth-grinding."]
[7223,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","植物","卯の花","うのはな","Deutzia crenata","これらには、日本語で「卯の花」と呼ばれるアジサイ科の良く物、ウツギの枝も含まれている。","These include branches of Deutzia crenata, a plant of the hydrangea family called unohana, or “rabbit flower,” in Japanese."]
[7224,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","芸能・興行・イベント","遊女","ゆうじょ","yūjo","「遊女」と呼ばれた女性たちの多くは踊りや音楽に長けている人が多く、その中でも特に優れた人は有名人だったと言われている。","Many of these women, who were called yūjo, were skilled dancers and musicians, and the most accomplished were celebrities."]
[7225,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神輿","みこし","portable shrine(s), or mikoshi","祭りが始まる前に、神社の神様を運ぶための神輿を清める。","Before the festival begins, the portable shrines, or mikoshi,  which are used to carry the deities, are cleansed.","※複数形「portable shrines」、単数形「portable shrine」"]
[7226,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","芸能・興行・イベント","短歌","たんか","tanka","短歌は、五・七・五・七・七のパターンで構成されており、行数と音数が決まっている詩歌である。","Tanka are poems with fixed numbers of lines and syllables, following a pattern of 5-7-5-7-7, (haiku dispenses with the last two lines)."]
[7227,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","工芸・美術品","土人形","つちにんぎょう","clay figurine(s)","住吉ならではのお守りとして人気なのが、土人形である。","The shrine’s popular clay figurines, called tsuchi ningyō, depict people and animals, often with a whimsical touch.","※複数形「clay figurines」、単数形「clay figurine」"]
[7228,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","参拝者","さんぱいしゃ","practitioners","住吉大社のウエブサイトに掲載されている毎月の初辰の日に、参拝者は各末社（種貸社、楠珺社、浅澤社、大歳社）を順番に回り、祈願とお供えをする。","On the “first dragon” day of each month (published on the Sumiyoshi Taisha website), practitioners pray and make offerings at each shrine in turn: Tanekashi-sha, Nankun-sha, Asazawa-sha, and Ōtoshi-sha."]
[7229,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","植物","種","たね","seed","倉稲魂命は特に穀物に関連しており、「種」と言う意味からも種まきや豊穣との強い結びつきがあることから、事業を始める人や子宝を願う人に人気がある。","Uka no Mitama no Mikoto is specifically associated with grain, and the shrine’s strong connection with sowing and fertility—tane means “seed” —has made it popular with people starting businesses or hoping to conceive children."]
[7230,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","植物","楠","くすのき","camphor tree(s)","近くにある2本の楠は精神的な「夫婦」を形成しており、家族やビジネスパートナーの守り神と信じられている。","Two other camphor trees nearby form a spiritual “couple” and are believed to be protectors of families and business partnerships.","※複数形「camphor trees」、単数形「camphor tree」"]
[7231,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","書物","万葉集","まんようしゅう","Man’yōshū, the oldest extant collection of Japanese poetry.  ","毎年5月になると、神社を囲む池にはカキツバタが咲く。その紫色の花は古くから観光客を魅了し、8世紀の現存する最古の和歌集である万葉集にも詠まれている。","Every May, rabbit-ear irises bloom in the pond that surrounds the shrine. The purple flowers have attracted visitors since ancient times; they are described in the eighth-century Man’yōshū, the oldest extant collection of Japanese poetry.  "]
[7232,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","参拝","さんぱい","pray","戸時代（1603～1867）のあるガイドブックに、大阪の商人が借金の取り立てに困ったときに大歳社を参拝したと書かれている。","One guidebook from the Edo period (1603–1867) says Osaka merchants would pray at the shrine when they were having trouble collecting the money they were owed."]
[7233,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","芸能・興行・イベント","踊り子","おどりこ","dancer(s)"," 室町時代(1336–1573)の衣装を身にまとった女性や稚児、踊り子などが練り歩く。","It features a procession of women, children, dancers, and others dressed in costumes from the Muromachi period (1336–1573).","※複数形「dancers」、単数形「dancer」"]
[7234,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","おみくじ","おみくじ","omikuji","1年の運勢を占うためのおみくじが神社の売店で売られている。","Fortune-telling slips called omikuji that predict one’s luck for the year are available at booths around the shrine."]
[7235,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","年中行事","観月祭","かんげつさい","moon-viewing festival","住吉大社の観月祭は秋、通常は9月中旬から下旬に満月の下で行われる。","The Kangetsu-sai, or “moon-viewing festival,” at Sumiyoshi Taisha takes place under a full moon in autumn, usually in mid- to late September."]
[7236,"大阪府","宗教法人　住吉大社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","お祓い","おはらい","purification ritual","お祓いの後、牛が木の鋤を引いて田んぼを耕し、聖水が撒かれる。","After a purification ritual, the sacred paddy is tilled by oxen pulling wooden plows and then sprinkled with holy water."]
[7237,"奈良県","元興寺多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","寄棟屋根 ","よせむねやね","hip roof","入母屋造りで、屋根は寄棟屋根（中央の棟から4方向に傾斜している）であるという珍しい組み合わせである。","The square hall dates to 1244. It has an uncommon combination of a gable-side entrance and a hip roof (in which the roof slants down in four directions from a central ridge)."]
[7238,"奈良県","元興寺多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","功徳","くどく","positive merit","この修行により、正の功徳（くどく）が得られ、浄土に生まれ変わる可能性が高くなると信じられている。","This practice is believed to accrue positive merit (kudoku) and increase a person’s chance of being reborn in the Pure Land."]
[7239,"奈良県","元興寺多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","房","ぼう","bō","禅室が宿舎として使用されていた当時、内部は東西に4つの房と呼ばれる単位に分かれていた。","When the Zenshitsu was in use as a dormitory, its interior was separated east-to-west into four units called bō."]
[7240,"奈良県","元興寺多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","沙弥 ","しゃみ","Buddhist novices","この建物の名前は「青年のための宿舎」を意味しており、寺の使用人として働く沙弥のための生活空間であったと考えられている。","The building’s name literally means “quarters for the youth,” suggesting the Shōshibō was a living space for young Buddhist novices who worked as temple servants."]
[7241,"奈良県","元興寺多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","庫裏","くり","administrative and living space","1663年には極楽堂に移され、管理と生活のための空間（庫裡）となった。","In 1663, that kitchen was relocated to the northern end of the Zenshitsu, where it functioned as an administrative and living space (kuri)."]
[7242,"奈良県","元興寺多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","正門","せいもん"," front gate","500年以上前から、元興寺の表門（正門）は南側にあった。","For over 500 years, Gangōji’s front gate (seimon) was in the south."]
[7243,"奈良県","元興寺多言語解説整備推進協議会","建造物等","本瓦","ほんがわら","hongawara","本瓦はフランジを付けてはめ込み、継ぎ目が滑らかになるように作られている。","Newer sections of the roofs are tiled in hongawara, which are flanged to slot together, creating a smooth joint."]
[7244,"奈良県","元興寺多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","側室","そくしつ","consort","秀頼は秀吉の側室である母の淀殿に権力を握られていたが、淀殿は大阪城の防衛に参加し、息子と一緒に亡くなったとされている。","Hideyori was supported in his bid for power by his mother, a consort of Hideyoshi’s named Yododono."]
[7245,"奈良県","元興寺多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","餓鬼","がき","hungry ghosts","毎年7月7日には、大阪城の籠城戦で亡くなった餓鬼の供養のために特別な儀式が行われる。","Each year on July 7, a special ceremony is performed for the sake of all those who died in the siege of Osaka Castle and were reborn in the realm of “hungry ghosts” (gaki). "]
[7246,"奈良県","元興寺多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","燈明皿","とうみょうざら","votive oil lamps","浮図田には1000個以上の燈明皿が飾られ、極楽堂では無病息災の祈願が唱えられる。","The Futoden is decorated with over a thousand votive oil lamps, and prayers for health and safety are recited in the Gokurakudō."]
[7247,"奈良県","元興寺多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","仏足石","ぶっそくせき","a representation of the footprints of the historical Buddha, Shakyamuni","これは歴史上の仏陀、釈迦の足跡を表現した「仏足石（ぶっそくせき）」である。","This is a bussoku seki, a representation of the footprints of the historical Buddha, Shakyamuni."]
[7248,"奈良県","元興寺多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","朱印","しゅいん","official license ","1602年、元興寺は徳川幕府から朱印状を授与され、租税が免除されることになった。","In 1602, Gangōji was granted an official license (shuin) from the newly established Tokugawa shogunate, giving the temple exemption from taxation."]
[7249,"奈良県","元興寺多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","五重塔","ごじゅうのとう"," five-story pagoda","法輪館の五重塔は、細部まで精巧に作られた国宝である。","The Hōrinkan’s intricately detailed five-story pagoda  (gojūnotō) is a National Treasure."]
[7250,"奈良県","元興寺多言語解説整備推進協議会","工芸・美術品","塑土","そど","sodo","衣服のひだや皮膚のしわは、塑土（藁などの繊維質を混ぜた土）を厚く塗ることで柔らかさを表現している。","The folds of clothing and wrinkles in the skin have a softness that was achieved by thickly applying a layer of sodo, soil that has been mixed with a fibrous material such as straw. "]
[7251,"奈良県","元興寺多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","摂政","せっしょう","regent","聖徳太子は推古天皇（592-628）の甥として生まれ、593年に推古天皇から摂政に任命された。","Prince Shōtoku was born the nephew of Empress Suiko (r. 592–628), who appointed him regent in 593."]
[7252,"奈良県","元興寺多言語解説整備推進協議会","工芸・美術品","横被","おうひ","stole","聖徳太子は、宮中の真紅の袍の上に、七條袈裟と横被を羽織った法衣を着ている。","Shōtoku is also shown wearing Buddhist vestments consisting of a stole (ōhi) and seven-panel kasaya (kesa) worn over the crimson robes (hō) of the imperial court. "]
[7253,"奈良県","元興寺多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","数珠","じゅず","Buddhist prayer beads ","空海は僧衣をまとい、右手には密教の法具である金剛杵を持っている。左手には数珠を持っている。","In his right hand, he holds a vajra (kongōsho), a pronged implement used in Esoteric Buddhist rituals. In his left hand, Kūkai holds a set of Buddhist prayer beads (juzu)."]
[7254,"奈良県","元興寺多言語解説整備推進協議会","工芸・美術品","厨子","ずし","tabernacle","現在は、より大きな絹本の曼荼羅が極楽堂の中央の高台にある厨子内に安置されている。","Today, the temple displays a larger silk version of the mandala in a tabernacle (zushi) on the central dais of the Gokurakudō."]
[7255,"奈良県","元興寺多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","往生","おうじょう","rebirth","礼光は、長い沈黙の間（＝言葉を発しなかった期間）に、片時も休まず浄土を思い描き、その修行によって浄土への往生を遂げたと説明した。","Raikō explained that he had spent every moment of his long period of silence fervently envisioning the Pure Land, and through this visualization practice, he had achieved rebirth  there."]
[7256,"奈良県","元興寺多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","末寺","まつじ","subsidiary temples","五重塔と西小塔院は後に焼失したが、東大寺と西大寺の末寺として現存している。","The great five-story pagoda and Nishi Shōtōin were later lost to fire, but their associated temples still exist as subsidiary temples of Tōdaiji and Saidaiji."]
[7257,"奈良県","元興寺多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","宝珠","ほうじゅ","wish-fulfilling jewel ","観音様は、法輪、宝珠、閉じた蓮のつぼみの3つを手にしている。","Kannon holds three items: a dharma wheel, a wish-fulfilling jewel (hōju), and a closed lotus bud."]
[7258,"奈良県","元興寺多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","童子","どうじ","acolyte","その後、道場は元興寺の童子となった。","Later, the boy became an acolyte at Gangōji."]
[7259,"奈良県","元興寺多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","物忌み","ものいみ","period of ritual abstinence","たとえば、物忌み札は、物忌みの期間を示すために人々が持ち歩いたり、戸口に貼ったりした木製のお守りだ。","For example, one exhibit contains monoimi-fuda, wooden talismans that people carried or affixed to their doors to indicate a period of ritual abstinence (monoimi). "]
[7260,"奈良県","元興寺多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","穢れ","けがれ","impurity","仏教徒は、死にまつわる穢れを清めるために物忌みを行い、そのお札を故人の扉に貼ったり、遺体の横に置いたりすることもあった。","Buddhist laypeople often used monoimi as a way to cleanse themselves of the impurity associated with death, and these talismans were also often attached to the door of the deceased or placed next to the body."]
[7261,"島根県","出雲大社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","千木","ちぎ","forked finial(s)","塀の向こうに見える本殿の屋根の尾根には、両端が長さ7メートルを超える千木（ちぎ）が飾られています。","The ridge of the Honden’s roof, just visible over the fence, is adorned at either end with forked finials (chigi) that are over 7 meters long.","※複数形「forked finials」、単数形「forked finial」"]
[7262,"島根県","出雲大社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","堅魚木 ","かつおぎ","cylindrical wooden billet(s)","屋根の棟には、長さ7メートルを超える2本の千木と、銅板に巻かれたた3本の円筒形の堅魚木 が取り付けられています。","The roof ridge is adorned with two forked finials (chigi) measuring over 7 meters, as well as three cylindrical wooden billets (katsuogi) wrapped in copper sheeting.","※複数形「cylindrical wooden billets」、単数形「cylindrical wooden billet」"]
[7263,"島根県","出雲大社","建造物等","鬼板","おにいた","decorative copper fitting(s)","拝殿の骨組みと壁は檜でつくられており、屋根は銅板で覆われ、銅製の飾り金具（鬼板 ）が施されています。","The frame and walls of the Haiden are constructed from hinoki cypress, and its roof is covered in copper plate with decorative copper fittings (oniita). ","※複数形「decorative copper fittings」、単数形「decorative copper fitting」"]
[7264,"島根県","出雲大社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","御神体 ","ごしんたい","a sacred object that houses a Shinto deity","大国主の御神体 （神道で神聖な神が宿る物）は、本殿から幕を張って移され（神を視界から守る）、修造期間中、拝殿内の仮の祭壇に祀られます。","Ōkuninushi’s goshintai (a sacred object that houses a Shinto deity) is ceremonially transferred from the Honden in a curtained procession (shielding the deity from view) and enshrined in an interim altar within the Haiden for the duration of the restoration work."]
[7265,"島根県","出雲大社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","注連縄","しめなわ","sacred straw rope(s)","注連縄とは、神聖な空間と不浄な空間の境界を示す藁の縄のことです。","Shimenawa are sacred straw ropes that mark the boundary between sacred and profane space. ","※複数形「sacred straw ropes」、単数形「sacred straw rope」"]
[7266,"島根県","出雲大社","紋章等 ","社紋","しゃもん","shrine crest","このステンドグラスには、社紋 と出雲を象徴する色とりどりの雲が描かれています。","It depicts the shrine crest and the multi-colored clouds that symbolize Izumo.","※「神紋」も英語で「shrine crest」"]
[7267,"島根県","出雲大社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","縁結び","えんむすび","tying of bonds between people","主祭神は、国造りと縁結び（人と人の絆）に関わる神であるオオクニヌシノカミです。","The main deity worshipped at the shrine is Ōkuninushi no Kami (“Great Lord of the Land”), who is associated with nation building and en-musubi (“tying of bonds between people ”).","※ほとんどの文章では「tying of bonds between people」の前に「the」が来る"]
[7268,"島根県","出雲大社","書物","風土記","ふどき","description of regional climate and culture","風土記 （地域の気候と文化の記述）は古代の国ごとに作られていましたが、ほぼ完全な形で残っているのは出雲の風土記のみです。","A fudoki (“description of regional climate and culture”) was produced for each of the ancient provinces, but Izumo’s fudoki is the only one that survives in a nearly complete form.","※「gazetteer」も使用可能ですが、素人にとっては分かりにくい"]
[7269,"島根県","出雲大社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","祓社","はらえのやしろ","purification shrine","右手には小さな祓社があり、本殿に参拝する前に祈願して祓い清めることができます。","On the right is the small Harae no Yashiro (“purification shrine”), where visitors pray and prepare themselves before visiting the main shrine buildings. "]
[7270,"島根県","出雲大社","植物","マコモ","まこも","Manchurian wild rice","宮司が歩くとき、他の神職がマコモの茎で道を覆います。","As he walks, other priests cover his path with stalks of Manchurian wild rice."]
[7271,"島根県","出雲大社","紋章等 ","家紋","かもん","family crest","出雲大社の花と剣の紋は、もともとは宮司家の家紋でしたが、18世紀または19世紀のどこかで年に正式な社紋として採用されました。","The flower-and-sword crest of Izumo Ōyashiro Shrine was originally the family crest of the shrine’s chief priests, but was adopted as the official shrine crest sometime in the eighteenth or nineteenth century."]
[7272,"島根県","出雲大社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","摂社 ","せっしゃ ","auxiliary shrine","素鵞社は、八雲山の麓にある本殿の真後ろにある摂社 です。","Soga no Yashiro is an auxiliary shrine located directly behind the Honden (main sanctuary) at the foot of Mt. Yakumoyama."]
[7273,"島根県","出雲大社","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","末社 ","まっしゃ ","subsidiary shrine(s)","出雲大社に滞在する間、来訪神は「十九社」と呼ばれる2つの末社 に滞在します。","The visiting deities reside in two subsidiary shrines called the Jūkusha (literally “nineteen shrines”) during their stay at Izumo Ōyashiro.","※複数形「subsidiary shrines」、単数形「subsidiary shrines」"]
[7274,"島根県","出雲大社","建造物等","宇豆柱 ","うづばしら","gable-end pillar","発掘された柱は、中央の心御柱、正面の宇豆柱 、南東の側柱です。","The excavated pillars include the central pillar (shin no mihashira), the front gable-end pillar (uzubashira), and the southeastern side pillar (gawabashira)."]
[7275,"島根県","出雲大社","工芸・美術品","銅戈","どうか","bronze dagger-axe","2階には、弥生時代（紀元前800年〜西暦300年）の曲がった玉（勾玉）と青銅製の戈（銅戈 ）など、大社にまつわる貴重な遺物が展示されています。","The second floor displays valuable artifacts belonging to the shrine, notably a comma-shaped bead (magatama) and bronze dagger-axe (dōka) that date from the Yayoi period (800 BCE–300 CE)."]
[7276,"島根県","古代出雲歴史博物館","その他","たたら製鉄","たたらせいてつ","tatara iron manufacturing","例えば、博物館の鉄の壁は、島根県がたたら製鉄の町であったことを表しています。","The museum’s steel walls, for instance, reflect the Shimane region’s role in tatara iron manufacturing"]
[7277,"島根県","古代出雲歴史博物館","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","本殿","ほんでん","main sanctuary","初期の本殿の高さは48メートルあったと言われており、展示されているさまざまな模型は、建築家がこの構造の外観を再構築しようとしたことを表しています。","It is said that early versions of the shrine’s main sanctuary (honden) may have reached 48 meters in height, and the various models displayed in the gallery represent attempts by architects to reconstruct the appearance of this structure."]
[7278,"島根県","古代出雲歴史博物館","その他","放射性炭素年代測定","ほうしゃせいたんそねんだいそくてい","radiocarbon dating","さらに放射性炭素年代測定の結果、1248年の神殿の造営時に設置された可能性が高いことが明らかになりました。","Further analysis through radiocarbon dating has revealed that the pillars were likely installed during the rebuilding of the shrine in 1248."]
[7279,"島根県","古代出雲歴史博物館","建造物等","妻入","つまいり","entrance on the building’s gable end","大社造りは切妻屋根で、妻側（建物の短辺の一つ）に階段でつながる入口があり、これを妻入りと呼びます。","Taisha-zukuri structures have a gable roof with stairs leading to an off-center entrance on the building’s gable end (one of the building’s shorter sides); this entrance is called a tsumairi. "]
[7280,"島根県","古代出雲歴史博物館","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","遷宮","せんぐう","periodic rebuilding of the shrine","遷宮の伝統（「大社の定期的な再建」）は、神社の境内や構造、特に本殿の姿に影響を与えてきました。","The tradition of sengū (“periodic rebuilding of the shrine”) has played a role in the changing appearance of the shrine precinct and structures—particularly that of the main sanctuary (honden)."]
[7281,"島根県","古代出雲歴史博物館","その他","国譲り","くにゆずり","relinquishing the land","国譲り神話は、オオクニヌシが太陽の女神、アマテラスオオミカミの子孫に土地を譲る代わりに、立派な社殿と「見えない世界」を支配する権限を手に入れたことが記されています。","The kuni-yuzuri (“relinquishing the land”) myth describes how Ōkuninushi agreed to cede control of the land to the descendants of the sun goddess Amaterasu Ōmikami in exchange for a magnificent shrine and the authority to govern the “unseen world.”"]
[7282,"島根県","古代出雲歴史博物館","書物","出雲国風土記","いずものくにふどき","Gazetteer of Izumo Province","このテーマ展示では、8世紀初頭に朝廷への報告書として編纂された、口承文物「出雲国風土記」に基づいています。","This themed exhibition is based on the Izumo no kuni fudoki (Gazetteer of Izumo Province), a written collection of oral narratives compiled in the early eighth century as a report to the imperial court."]
[7283,"島根県","古代出雲歴史博物館","動物","スズキ","すずき","Japanese sea bass","売り子の一人が手にしているのは、古代出雲の名産品であり、現在でも地元の特産品であるスズキです。","One of the vendors is holding a Japanese sea bass (suzuki)—a prized product of ancient Izumo and a local specialty to this day."]
[7284,"島根県","古代出雲歴史博物館","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","儀式用の道具","ぎしきようのどうぐ","ritual implements","これらの多くはまとめて埋まっていたり、列に並べられたり、積み重ねられたりしており、日常的に使用するのではなく、儀式用の道具として作成された可能性があります。","Many of them were found buried together, arranged in rows or stacked in piles, and were most likely created as ritual implements rather than for daily use. "]
[7285,"島根県","古代出雲歴史博物館","その他","神話のふるさと","しんわのふるさと","the homeland of myth","島根県の出雲地方は、日本最古の神話の舞台であることから、「神々の国」「神話のふるさと」と呼ばれています。","The Izumo region of Shimane Prefecture is often called the “land of the gods” or “the homeland of myth” because it is the setting for many of Japan’s oldest myths."]
[7286,"島根県","古代出雲歴史博物館","動物","八岐大蛇","やまたのおろち"," eight-headed serpent","ヤマタノオロチ神話は、スサノオノミコトが八岐大蛇（ヤマタノオロチ）を退治する話です。","The Yamata no Orochi myth tells of the slaying of an eight-headed serpent by the deity Susanoo no Mikoto."]
[7287,"島根県","古代出雲歴史博物館","その他","試練","しれん","trial(s)","しかし、スサノヲはオオナムチを助けようとはせず、4つの苦しい試練を課します。","However, Susanoo is reluctant to help Ōnamuchi and subjects him to a series of four arduous trials.","※複数形「trials」、単数形「trial」"]
[7288,"島根県","古代出雲歴史博物館","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","高天原"," たかまがはら","the plain of high heaven","スサノヲは旅立つ前に、アマテラスを訪ねて高天原に行きます。","Before Susanoo departs, he travels to Takamagahara (“the plain of high heaven”) to visit Amaterasu. "]
[7289,"島根県","古代出雲歴史博物館","その他","鋤","すき","spade","海の向こう側を見渡して、土地に余裕のある場所を見つけ、巨大な鋤（すき）でいくつもの塊を切り分けます。","Looking out across the sea, he spots areas with land to spare and breaks off several chunks with a massive spade."]
[7290,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","宇佐神宮","うさじんぐう","Usa Jingu Shrine","天台宗の僧侶や宇佐神宮の神職と一緒に、参加者が祈祷をしたり、経を唱えたり、護摩を燃やしたりします。","Together with Tendai Buddhist monks and Shinto priests from Usa Jingu Shrine, the participants offer prayers, chant sutras, and burn wooden goma prayer sticks."]
[7291,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","八幡神","はちまんしん","Hachiman","八幡神の神社は日本で最も数が多い神社の一つであり、その数は数万社にのぼり、宇佐神宮がその総本宮となっています。","Shrines dedicated to Hachiman are among the most numerous in Japan, counting tens of thousands, and Usa Jingu serves as their head shrine.","※八幡信仰と神仏習合の独特な歴史を持つため、「八幡大菩薩」や「八幡神」、「八幡大神」などの名前が見られますが、混乱を回避するため、英語の適切な表現として、「Hachiman」あるいは「the deity Hachiman」の表現がお勧めです。"]
[7292,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","総本宮","そうほんぐう","head shrine","八幡神の神社は日本で最も数が多い神社の一つであり、その数は数万社にのぼり、宇佐神宮がその総本宮となっています。","Shrines dedicated to Hachiman are among the most numerous in Japan, counting tens of thousands, and Usa Jingu serves as their head shrine."]
[7293,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神仏習合","しんぶつしゅうごう","shinbutsu shugo","宇佐神宮は、神道と仏教を習合した信仰の形である、神仏習合が発展した最も初期の場所の一つであり、そして大きくて影響力のある神社と寺院の複合体となりました。","Usa Jingu was one of the earliest sites where a syncretic form of Shinto and Buddhist worship called shinbutsu shugo developed, shaping Usa Jingu into a large and influential shrine-temple complex.","※「shinbutsu shugo」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、専門用語を避け、「syncretic fusion of Shinto and Buddhism」などの選択肢がお勧め。"]
[7294,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","建造物等","八幡造り","はちまんづくり","hachiman-zukuri","上宮の３つの御殿は宇佐神宮発祥の八幡造建築の様式で建てられています。","The three main sanctuaries of the Jogu are built in the hachiman-zukuri architecture style that originated at Usa Jingu.","※「hachiman-zukuri」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「architecture style」を追加すること。"]
[7295,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","山岳","小椋山","おぐらやま","Mt. Ogura","宇佐神宮の記録によると、八幡神は571年に小椋山の近くに初めて現れ、自分が日本の守護者となる、と宣言しました。","According to shrine records, Hachiman first appeared near Mt. Ogura in 571 and declared himself a protector of Japan."]
[7296,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","奥宮","おくのみや","okunomiya","境内と隣接する丘には、多くの末社や摂社も点在しており、奥宮は南に約6㎞離れた御許山にあります。","A number of subsidiary and auxiliary shrines are scattered about the grounds and on neighboring hills, and the innermost shrine (okunomiya) is located on Mt. Omoto some 6 kilometers south.","※「okunomiya」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「the innermost shrine」で説明すること。"]
[7297,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","博物館・美術館","宝物館","ほうもつかん","Treasure Hall","ひとつの池の隣にある宝物館の展示では、お神輿、御託宣集、彫像、刀、儀式用の道具、さまざまな歴史的文書が展示されています。","The Treasure Hall next to one of the ponds holds exhibitions that display mikoshi, oracle records, statues, swords, ritual tools, and various historical documents."]
[7298,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","応神天皇","おうじんてんのう","Emperor Ojin","ここでは、神格化された応神天皇（日本の伝説的な第15代天皇）である八幡神と、応神天皇の母である神功皇后、そして比売大神と呼ばれる三女神という、主要な三柱の御祭神を祀っています。","It enshrines three main deities: Hachiman, the deified Emperor Ojin (the legendary 15th emperor of Japan), his mother Empress Jingu, and a trio of goddesses called Hime Okami."]
[7299,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","神功皇后","じんぐうこうごう","Empress Jingu","ここでは、神格化された応神天皇（日本の伝説的な第15代天皇）である八幡神と、応神天皇の母である神功皇后、そして比売大神と呼ばれる三女神という、主要な三柱の御祭神を祀っています。","It enshrines three main deities: Hachiman, the deified Emperor Ojin (the legendary 15th emperor of Japan), his mother Empress Jingu, and a trio of goddesses called Hime Okami."]
[7300,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","比売大神","ひめおおかみ","Hime Okami","ここでは、神格化された応神天皇（日本の伝説的な第15代天皇）である八幡神と、応神天皇の母である神功皇后、そして比売大神と呼ばれる三女神という、主要な三柱の御祭神を祀っています。","It enshrines three main deities: Hachiman, the deified Emperor Ojin (the legendary 15th emperor of Japan), his mother Empress Jingu, and a trio of goddesses called Hime Okami."]
[7301,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","昭和の大造営","しょうわのだいぞうえい","Great Showa Reconstruction","宇佐神宮境内での昭和の大造営（1932〜1941）の際に、菱形池の形を変え、拡大し、現在の形にする工事が行われました。","The Hishigata Pond was reshaped and expanded into its current form during the Great Showa Reconstruction of the Usa Jingu shrine grounds (1932–1941)."]
[7302,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","年中行事","鎮疫祭","ちんえきさい","Chin'ekisai","鎮疫祭は、火の儀式や神道のお祈り、仏教のお経の詠唱、伝統的な舞が含まれる大きなお祓いの儀式です。","The Chin’ekisai (“plague-banishing festival”) is a purification rite that includes fire rituals, Shinto prayers, Buddhist sutra chanting, and dance."]
[7303,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","年中行事","幣越神事","へいごししんじ","Heigoshi","宇佐神宮の宮司が正式な祈りを唱えた後、幣越神事が始まり、従者が鳥居を越えて八坂神社の境内に大きな御幣を投げようとします。","After the head priest of Usa Jingu recites a formal prayer, the Heigoshi ritual begins, and attendants try their best to hurl the giant gohei wands into the precincts of Yasaka Jinja Shrine."]
[7304,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","御幣","ごへい","gohei","上宮から、白い服を着た従者が長さ約3.5メートルの大きな御幣も数本持っていきます。","At the Jogu, attendants dressed in white collect several large sacred gohei wands that are approximately 3.5 meters long.","※「gohei」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「sacred wand」として説明すること。"]
[7305,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","八坂神社","やさかじんじゃ","Yasaka Jinja Shrine","この祭りは宇佐神宮の末社のひとつである八坂神社で行われ、疫病、自然災害、その他の不幸を防ぐことを目的としています。","The event is held at Yasaka Jinja, one of the subsidiary shrines of Usa Jingu Shrine, with the goal of preventing epidemics, natural disasters, and other misfortune."]
[7306,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","般若心経","はんにゃしんぎょう","Heart Sutra","鎮疫祭は、約千年前、宇佐神宮の僧侶が般若心経を夜通し唱える毎年の儀式として始まったと言われています。","It is said that the Chin’ekisai originated a thousand years ago as an annual ritual in which monks from Buddhist temples in the Usa Jingu complex chanted the Heart Sutra through the night."]
[7307,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神仏分離令","しんぶつぶんりれい","government-ordered separation of Shinto and Buddhism","1868年に政府が神仏分離令を出した後、神道のお祭になり、それに伴って名前が変更されました。","Following the government-ordered separation of Shinto and Buddhism in 1868, the Chin’ekisai became a purely Shinto ritual and was renamed accordingly."]
[7308,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","祓所","はらえど","Haraedo","祓所でのお祓いの儀式の後、行列は上宮に向かいます。","After a purification rite at the Haraedo platform, the procession heads toward the Jogu (Upper Shrine)."]
[7309,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","舞楽","ぶがく","bugaku","幣越神事に続いて、神社の正面の舞台で舞楽の二つの舞が行われます。","Following the Heigoshi, two bugaku court dances are performed on the stage in front of the shrine.","※「bugaku」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「traditional court dance」も使用することも可能。"]
[7310,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","演舞","えんぶ","Enbu","演舞は舞台の清めの儀式として行われる鉾を持った神聖な舞です。","Enbu is a sacred dance with a halberd that serves as a purification rite for the stage.","※書名ので斜体で表記。"]
[7311,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","陵王","りょうおう","Ryo’o (Prince of Lanling)","「陵王」は6世紀の中国の勇敢な王子の物語を語る舞です。","Ryo’o (Prince of Lanling) tells the story of a valiant prince from sixth-century China.","※書名ので斜体で表記。"]
[7312,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","食","餅","もち","mochi","すべての儀式が終わった後、神職は、祭を見に来た人たちへ、お清めの火で焼いた餅を投げて配ります。","After all the rites are over, priests toss mochi rice cakes grilled over a purifying fire to the people who gathered to witness the ceremony."]
[7313,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","年中行事","例祭","れいさい","reisai","各神社には、その神社にとって重要な日に、祀られている神々へ敬意を払うための毎年恒例のお祭りがあります。このお祭りは、通常、例祭と呼ばれます。","Every Shinto shrine has an annual festival to pay respects to the enshrined deities on a date that is significant for that particular shrine. Such a festival is usually called a reisai.","※「reisai」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「annual festival」も使用することも可能。"]
[7314,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","勅使","ちょくし","chokushi","宇佐神宮は、天皇陛下の代わりにお祈りや儀式を行う勅使が定期的に訪れる17の高位の神社のひとつです。","Usa Jingu is one of 17 highly-ranked shrines regularly visited by chokushi (imperial messengers) who perform prayers and rituals on behalf of the emperor.","※「chokushi」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「imperial messenger」も使用することも可能。"]
[7315,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","幣帛","へいはく","heihaku","その高い格式を反映して、例祭の期間には、八幡神、比売大神、神功皇后の3柱のご祭神へ幣帛（皇室からのお供え物）が奉られます。","Reflecting this high standing, heihaku (offerings from the imperial court) are presented during the reisai to the shrine’s three deities: Hachiman, the Hime Okami, and Empress Jingu.","※「heihaku」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7316,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","年中行事","神楽","かぐら","kagura","宮司が厳粛な儀式を行い、ご祭神に幣帛を奉納したり、巫女が平和を祈願して神楽を奉奏したりします。","The head priest conducts the solemn ceremony, which includes presenting the imperial offerings to the deities and a kagura dance performed by a shrine maiden as a prayer for peace.","※「kagura」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7317,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","六郷満山","ろくごうまんざん","Rokugo Manzan","宇佐市の東にある国東半島は、六郷満山という地域の山々に広がる天台宗の寺院群の本拠地です。","The Kunisaki Peninsula east of Usa is the home of the Rokugo Manzan, a group of Tendai school Buddhist temples spread across the mountains of the region."]
[7318,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","六郷満山峰入り","ろくごうまんざんみねいり","Rokugo Manzan Pilgrimage","江戸時代後期には、六郷満山峰入りを集団で行うことが慣習となり、現在もそのように行われています。","In the late Edo period (1603–1867), it became custom to undertake the Rokugo Manzan Pilgrimage as a group, which is how it is practiced today."]
[7319,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","仁聞","にんもん","Ninmon","伝説によると、仁聞と呼ばれる山岳修行者は、718年に宇佐から国東へ神仏習合をもたらした。","According to legend, a mountain ascetic called Ninmon brought a syncretic form of Shinto and Buddhist worship from Usa to Kunisaki in 718."]
[7320,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","熊野磨崖仏","くまのまがいぶつ","Kumano Magaibutsu","熊野磨崖仏と呼ばれている崖の正面に刻まれた2つの大きな仏像の前で、特別な「開始」の護摩が行われます。","A special “commencement” fire ritual is held in front of two large Buddhist images known as Kumano Magaibutsu carved into the face of a cliff."]
[7321,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","年中行事","法華八講","ほっけはっこう","Hokke Hakko","法華八講の儀式の間の年、法華三昧と呼ばれるより小規模な儀式は、近くにある国東半島の六郷満山の寺院から宇佐神宮へ来る僧侶によって行われています。","In the years between Hokke Hakko rituals, a smaller-scale version called Hokke Zanmai is led by monks from Rokugo Manzan temples, who come to Usa Jingu from the neighboring Kunisaki Peninsula."]
[7322,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","年中行事","法華三昧","ほっけざんまい","Hokke Zanmai","法華八講の儀式の間の年、法華三昧と呼ばれるより小規模な儀式は、近くにある国東半島の六郷満山の寺院から宇佐神宮へ来る僧侶によって行われています。","In the years between Hokke Hakko rituals, a smaller-scale version called Hokke Zanmai is led by monks from Rokugo Manzan temples, who come to Usa Jingu from the neighboring Kunisaki Peninsula."]
[7323,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","法華経","ほけきょう","Lotus Sutra","法華八講と法華三昧は、宇佐神宮の上宮で法華経とその解釈を中心に行われる仏教の儀式です。","The Hokke Hakko and Hokke Zanmai are Buddhist rituals with a focus on the Lotus Sutra and its interpretation that are held at the Jogu (Upper Shrine) of Usa Jingu Shrine."]
[7324,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","最澄（伝教大師）","さいちょう（でんぎょうだいし）","Saicho (Dengyo Daishi)","天台宗の創始者である最澄（伝教大師）をはじめ、多くの著名な僧侶が八幡神に祈るために宇佐に巡礼してきました。","Throughout history, many prominent Buddhist monks made pilgrimages to Usa to pray to the deity Hachiman, including Saicho (Dengyo Daishi, 767–822), the founder of the Tendai school."]
[7325,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","三問一答","さんもんいっとう","sanmon itto","神職によるお祈りに続いて、「三問一答」という儀式的な対話が行われ、3人の僧侶が師に仏教の教義について3つの質問を問い、師が答えとして説教をします。","A prayer by Shinto priests is followed by sanmon itto (“three questions and one answer”), a ritual dialog where three monks ask questions about Buddhist doctrine to a master, who replies with a sermon.","※「sanmon itto」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「\"three questions and one answer\"」で説明すること。"]
[7326,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","年中行事","御神幸祭","ごしんこうさい","Goshinkosai","御神幸祭は夏の大きな祭りであり、宇佐神宮で最も人気のあるお祭りです。","The Goshinkosai is a major summer festival and the most popular event that takes place at Usa Jingu Shrine."]
[7327,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神輿","みこし","mikoshi ","様々な儀式や賑やかな神輿の行列に加えて、伝統的な音楽や踊りのパフォーマンスが行われ、食べ物、飲み物、ゲームの露店も用意されています。","In addition to ritual activities and the lively mikoshi (portable shrine) parade, the celebration includes traditional music and dance performances, as well as various market stalls with food, drinks, and games.","※「mikoshi 」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「portable shrine」も使用することも可能。"]
[7328,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","猿田彦","さるたひこ","Sarutahiko","道案内の神である猿田彦の姿をした氏子が先導し、音楽家、色とりどりの衣装を着た子供たち、伝統的な正装をした地域の代表者、宇佐神宮の神職が続きます。","A parishioner portraying Sarutahiko, the deity of guidance, leads the way, followed by musicians, children dressed in colorful costumes, community representatives in traditional formal clothing, and the priests of Usa Jingu."]
[7329,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","年中行事","流鏑馬神事","やぶさめしんじ","yabusame horseback archery ritual","御神幸祭の2日目の午後、頓宮の近くにある大尾神社への参道は、2019年にお祭りの一環として取り入れられた流鏑馬神事に使用されます。","In the afternoon of the second day, the path near the Tongu that leads to O’o Jinja Shrine is used for a yabusame horseback archery ritual that was introduced as part of the festival in 2019."]
[7330,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","小笠原流","おがさわらりゅう","Ogasawara school of mounted archery","この神事は、約850年の歴史を持つ流鏑馬の小笠原流の代表者によって行われます。","It is performed by representatives of the Ogasawara school of mounted archery, which has a history of about 850 years."]
[7331,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","年中行事","菅貫神事","すがぬきしんじ","Suganuki","頓宮で儀式が始まる前に、神職は自分を清めるために菅貫神事というお祓の儀式を実行します。","Before the ceremonies can commence at the Tongu, priests carry out the Suganuki purification rite to cleanse themselves."]
[7332,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","祓詞","はらえことば","purification prayer","祓詞をさらに3回唱えることで儀式全体が完了し、御神幸祭という夏祭りを進めることができます。","The entire ritual is completed with three more recitations of the purification prayer, and the Goshinkosai summer festival can proceed."]
[7333,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","解縄串","ときなわぐし","tokinawagushi","祓詞を3回唱えた後、各神職は、解縄串を使用して自分を清めます。解縄串は、上部の切れ目に紫色の紙飾りと一組の平らな藁が挟まれた特別な木製の棒です。","After three recitations of a purification prayer, each priest cleanses himself using a tokinawagushi, a special wooden wand with a purple paper streamer and a flat piece of straw wedged into a slit on top.","※「tokinawagushi」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7334,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","年中行事","仲秋祭","ちゅうしゅうさい","Chushusai","仲秋祭は、8世紀初頭に大和朝廷に討伐された南九州の民族である隼人への追悼の意を表して宇佐神宮が開催する、大規模な3日間の祭りです。","The Chushusai (“mid-autumn festival”) is a large, three-day festival held by Usa Jingu Shrine in honor of the Hayato people of southern Kyushu who were subjugated by the Yamato court in the early eighth century."]
[7335,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","年中行事","放生会","ほうじょうえ","hojo-e","最も重要な儀式は2日目に行われ、放生会と呼ばれる贖罪の儀式で貝類が川に放流されます。","The most important ritual is held on the second day, when mollusks are ceremonially released into the river in a rite of atonement called hojo-e (“rite for the release of living beings”).","※「hojo-e」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「rite for the release of living beings」で説明すること。"]
[7336,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","年中行事","迎講","むかえこう","Mukaeko","近くの国東半島の六郷満山の僧侶が、神輿の前で、迎講と呼ばれる儀式で経を唱えます。","Buddhist monks from the Rokugo Manzan temples on the nearby Kunisaki Peninsula chant sutras in front of the mikoshi in a ritual called Mukaeko (“chanting sutras to welcome the deity”)."]
[7337,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","河川・渓谷","寄藻川","よりもがわ","Yorimo River","神輿の行列は、寄藻川のほとりにある浮殿と呼ばれる小さな社への8㎞の道を旅します。","The mikoshi procession travels the 8-kilometer route to the Ukiden, a small shrine on the bank of the Yorimo River."]
[7338,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","年中行事","蜷放生","になほうじょう","Nina Hojo","仲秋祭の中心となる儀式は蜷放生です。","The main ritual of the Chushusai is the Nina Hojo (“rite for the release of mollusks”)."]
[7339,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","蜷木家","になぎけ","Ninagi family","儀式の準備として、貝類は代々その務めを果たしてきた蜷木家の人々によって集められ、葦の束に包まれます。","In preparation for the ceremony, mollusks are gathered and wrapped in reed bundles by members of the Ninagi family, who have performed this duty for generations."]
[7340,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","御霊鎮魂","ごりょうちんこん","goryo chinkon","その途中、行列は一旦、百体神社で止まり、神職が隼人の霊を鎮めるために御霊鎮魂という黙祷を捧げます。","Along the way, the procession stops at Hyakutai Shrine, where priests offer silent prayers to pacify the spirits (goryo chinkon) for the Hayato people enshrined there.","※「goryo chinkon」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7341,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","年中行事","本殿遷座祭","ほんでんせんざさい","Honden Senzasai","本殿遷座祭は今では珍しい光景であり、本殿の修理の規模が充分に大きく、すべてのご祭神を移す必要があるときにのみ行われます。","The Honden Senzasai is now a rare sight, only taking place when the main sanctuaries require repairs on a scale large enough to transfer all the enshrined deities."]
[7342,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","御神体","ごしんたい","goshintai","この神聖な建物は、神が「住む」または顕現すると考えられる宝物である御神体が入っていることから、最大限の敬意を持って扱われます。","These sacred structures are treated with the utmost respect, as they contain goshintai, treasures in which deities are believed to “reside” or manifest.","※「goshintai」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7343,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","年中行事","臨時奉幣祭","りんじほうべいさい","Rinji Hobeisai","臨時奉幣祭は、天皇から特別に派遣された使者である勅使が宇佐神宮へお参りする際に宇佐神宮で開催される珍しい宗教行事です。","\nRinji Hobeisai is a rare religious event held at Usa Jingu Shrine when a chokushi messenger specially dispatched by the emperor makes a pilgrimage to the shrine."]
[7344,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","集落・街","勅使街道","ちょくしかいどう","Chokushi Kaido Road","勅使街道は、宇佐神宮に通じる歴史的な道で、勅使という、天皇に代わって宇佐神宮の神々へ供物を捧げたり参拝したりする使者が、長い間通ってきました。","The Chokushi Kaido (“imperial messenger road”) is a historic road leading to Usa Jingu Shrine that has long been traversed by chokushi, messengers who deliver offerings and read prayers to the shrine deities on behalf of the emperor."]
[7345,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","植物","瓢箪","ひょうたん","bottle gourd","瓢箪は、日本では縁起の良い物とされています。","Bottle gourds (hyotan) are believed to be auspicious in Japan.","※「hyotan」を追加する場合、現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7346,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","双葉山","ふたばやま","Futabayama","双葉山は約20年間にわたって輝かしい戦歴を重ね、引退するまでに相撲のトップリーグで12回の優勝を果たしました。","Futabayama enjoyed a successful career that lasted nearly two decades, retiring with 12 championship wins in the top division."]
[7347,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","龝吉定次","あきよしさだじ","Akiyoshi Sadaji","宇佐は、横綱に到達したプロの相撲の力士であった双葉山（本名龝吉定次、1912–1968）の故郷です。","Usa is the hometown of Futabayama (born Akiyoshi Sadaji, 1912–1968), a professional sumo wrestler who reached the highest rank of yokozuna (grand champion)."]
[7348,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","大関","おおぜき","ozeki","双葉山は1936年に大関という2番目に高い位を獲得し、1937年には第35代の横綱になりました。","Futabayama earned the second-highest rank of ozeki in 1936 and became the 35th yokozuna in 1937.","※「ozeki」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7349,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","横綱","よこづな","yokozuna","双葉山は1936年に大関という2番目に高い位を獲得し、1937年には第35代の横綱になりました。","Futabayama earned the second-highest rank of ozeki in 1936 and became the 35th yokozuna in 1937.","※「yokozuna」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7350,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","組織・団体","立浪部屋","たつなみべや","Tatsunami sumo stable","双葉山は1927年に15歳で立浪部屋に入り、その後10年間でプロの相撲の階級を昇進していきました。","Futabayama entered the Tatsunami sumo stable in 1927 at the age of 15 and rose through the ranks of professional sumo over the following decade."]
[7351,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","その他","土俵入り","どひょういり","dohyo-iri","翌年に宇佐神宮で横綱への昇進を記念する特別なイベントが開催され、双葉山は上宮の御祭神の前で象徴的な土俵入りを行いました。","The following year, a special event was held to mark Futabayama’s promotion to yokozuna at the Usa Jingu Shrine, where he performed a symbolic dohyo-iri (ring-entering ritual) in front of the deities at the Jogu (Upper Shrine).","※「dohyo-iri」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「ring-entering ritual」で説明すること。"]
[7352,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","組織・団体","日本相撲協会","にほんすもうきょうかい","Japan Sumo Association","双葉山は、自身の相撲部屋の長として力士を指導し、1957年から没年の1968年まで日本相撲協会の会長として務めました。","Futabayama went on to coach wrestlers as the head of his own sumo stable and served as the chair of the Japan Sumo Association from 1957 until his death in 1968."]
[7353,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","博物館・美術館","双葉の里","ふたばのさと","Futaba no Sato","1999年には、修復された彼の幼少期の家の近くに「双葉の里」という小規模の博物館が開館されました。","In 1999, a small museum called Futaba no Sato opened near his childhood home, which has also been restored."]
[7354,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","工芸・美術品","化粧回し","けしょうまわし","kesho-mawashi","博物館では、双葉山の生涯と経歴の詳細な年表や彼の試合のビデオ映像、横綱の正装をした双葉山の大きな像、華やかな化粧回し、多数の写真、資料、彼の私物などが展示されています。","The museum features a detailed timeline of Futabayama’s life and career, video footage of his bouts, a large statue of the wrestler in formal yokozuna ceremonial dress, his ornate kesho-mawashi (a silk loincloth with a large embroidered front panel worn in pre-bout ceremonies), as well as numerous photos, documents, and personal items.","※「kesho-mawashi」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7355,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","史跡","宇佐八幡駅","うさはちまんえき","Usa Hachiman Railway Station","1916年に宇佐八幡駅が開業したとき、この駅は宇佐神宮と近隣の豊後高田市を結ぶ8.8㎞の路線の終点となっていました。","When the Usa Hachiman Railway Station was opened in 1916, it became the final stop on an 8.8-kilometer line that connected Usa Jingu Shrine with the nearby city of Bungotakada."]
[7356,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","集落・街","豊後高田市","ぶんごたかだし","Bungotakada","1916年に宇佐八幡駅が開業したとき、この駅は宇佐神宮と近隣の豊後高田市を結ぶ8.8㎞の路線の終点となっていました。","When the Usa Hachiman Railway Station was opened in 1916, it became the final stop on an 8.8-kilometer line that connected Usa Jingu Shrine with the nearby city of Bungotakada."]
[7357,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","建造物等","石灯籠","いしどうろう","stone lantern","当時の写真によれば、駅舎は社殿を思い起こさせ、側には大きな石灯籠がありました。","As seen in photos from the period, the station building was reminiscent of a shrine hall flanked by large stone lanterns."]
[7358,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","乗物","クラウス26号蒸気機関車","くらうすにじゅうろくごうじょうききかんしゃ","Steam Locomotive Krauss No. 26","クラウス26号蒸気機関車は鉄道の歴史を思い出させるものとして保存されており、仲見世商店街近くの宇佐神宮の主な参道の横に見ることができます。","The Steam Locomotive Krauss No. 26 has been preserved as a reminder of the railway line’s history and can be seen beside the main approach to Usa Jingu near Nakamise Shopping Street."]
[7359,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","その他","大分県指定有形文化財","おおいたけんしていゆうけいぶんかざい","Tangible Cultural Property of Oita Prefecture","蒸気機関車は宇佐市に寄贈され、2000年と2019年に修理・修復が行われ、現在は大分県指定有形文化財です。","The locomotive was donated to the government of Usa, undergoing repairs and restorations in 2000 and 2019, and is designated a Tangible Cultural Property of Oita Prefecture."]
[7360,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","蓑虫山人","みのむしさんじん","Minomushi Sanjin","蓑虫山人（1836〜1900）は、14歳で美濃国（現在の岐阜県）の実家を離れ、48年間日本中をさまよった放浪の画家でした。","Minomushi Sanjin (1836–1900) was a traveling artist who left his home in Mino Province (modern Gifu Prefecture) at age 14 and wandered around Japan for 48 years."]
[7361,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","土岐源吾","ときげんご","Toki Gengo","土岐源吾の名で生まれた彼は、放浪の生活スタイルと、ミノムシが背中に作る保護ケースに似た独特の藁の蓑から、蓑虫山人として知られるようになりました。","Born Toki Gengo, he came to be known as Minomushi Sanjin, “bagworm mountain man,” due to his nomadic lifestyle and distinctive straw cape resembling the protective cases that bagworms build on their backs."]
[7362,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","その他","美濃国","みののくに","Mino Province","蓑虫山人（1836〜1900）は、14歳で美濃国（現在の岐阜県）の実家を離れ、48年間日本中をさまよった放浪の画家でした。","Minomushi Sanjin (1836–1900) was a traveling artist who left his home in Mino Province (modern Gifu Prefecture) at age 14 and wandered around Japan for 48 years."]
[7363,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","仁王門","におうもん","Niomon Gate","例えば、呉橋の北側から宇佐神宮を臨んだ絵には、今は存在していない弥勒寺とその仁王門が描かれています。","For example, an illustration of Usa Jingu Shrine as seen from north of the Kurehashi Bridge features Mirokuji Temple and its Niomon Gate, both of which no longer exist."]
[7364,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","河川・渓谷","耶馬渓","やばけい","Yabakei Gorge","冊子には、耶馬溪の峡谷や院内町、安心院町、中津市など、宇佐をはじめ大分県で制作された絵が約80ページにわたって描かれています。","The books contain about 80 pages of illustrations done in Usa and other areas around Oita Prefecture, including the Yabakei Gorge and towns such as Innai, Ajimu, and Nakatsu."]
[7365,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","集落・街","院内町","いんないまち","Innai","冊子には、耶馬溪の峡谷や院内町、安心院町、中津市など、宇佐をはじめ大分県で制作された絵が約80ページにわたって描かれています。","The books contain about 80 pages of illustrations done in Usa and other areas around Oita Prefecture, including the Yabakei Gorge and towns such as Innai, Ajimu, and Nakatsu."]
[7366,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","集落・街","安心院町","あじむまち","Ajimu","冊子には、耶馬溪の峡谷や院内町、安心院町、中津市など、宇佐をはじめ大分県で制作された絵が約80ページにわたって描かれています。","The books contain about 80 pages of illustrations done in Usa and other areas around Oita Prefecture, including the Yabakei Gorge and towns such as Innai, Ajimu, and Nakatsu."]
[7367,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","組織・団体","宇佐市教育委員会","うさしきょういくいいんかい","Usa Board of Education","画集は、宇佐市教育委員会から「蓑虫山人絵日記」として出版されました。","A compilation of the sketches was published by the Usa Board of Education as Minomushi Sanjin Enikki (The Illustrated Diary of Minomushi Sanjin)."]
[7368,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","書物","蓑虫山人絵日記","みのむしさんじんえにっき","Minomushi Sanjin Enikki (The Illustrated Diary of Minomushi Sanjin)","画集は、宇佐市教育委員会から「蓑虫山人絵日記」として出版されました。","A compilation of the sketches was published by the Usa Board of Education as Minomushi Sanjin Enikki (The Illustrated Diary of Minomushi Sanjin).","※書名ので斜体で表記。"]
[7369,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","史跡","凶首塚古墳","きょうしゅづかこふん","Kyoshuzuka Tumulus","凶首塚古墳は、6世紀後半から7世紀初頭に造られた古代の古墳です。","The Kyoshuzuka Tumulus is an ancient burial mound (kofun) that was built in the late sixth or early seventh century."]
[7370,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","史跡","古墳","こふん","tumulus","凶首塚古墳は、6世紀後半から7世紀初頭に造られた古代の古墳です。","The Kyoshuzuka Tumulus is an ancient burial mound (kofun) that was built in the late sixth or early seventh century.","※必要に応じて該当する専門用語「tumulus」及び説明文である「burial mound」に加えて日本語の語彙も追加すること。\n「kofun」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7371,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","史跡","円墳","えんぷん","round burial mound","研究によると、凶首塚古墳は当初、直径約15メートルの円墳であり、埋葬された豪族の長の領土であったと思われる盆地を臨む台地の上に造られました。","Research has demonstrated that the Kyoshuzuka Tumulus was originally a round burial mound approximately 15 meters in diameter, situated on high ground to look out over the valley that may have been the clan chief’s territory."]
[7372,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","史跡","石室","せきしつ","stone burial chamber","古墳の土は随分前から侵食されており、石室しか残っていません。","The soil of the mound has long since eroded, leaving only the stone burial chamber."]
[7373,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","史跡","化粧井戸","けしょういど","Kesho Ido Wells","現在、化粧井戸は3つありますが、19世紀のこの地域の絵図には、2つの井戸しか描かれていません。","At present, there are three Kesho Ido Wells, but illustrations of the area from the nineteenth century depict only two."]
[7374,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","傀儡子","くぐつ","kugutsu puppet","隼人はしばらく大和軍に対抗しましたが、大和は傀儡子の演技を利用して気をそらすという作戦を使いました。","The Hayato held out against the Yamato forces for some time, but the Yamato employed a distraction strategy that used kugutsu puppet performances.","※「kugutsu」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7375,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","八幡古表神社","はちまんこひょうじんじゃ","Hachiman Kohyo Jinja Shrine","その習慣は宇佐では20世紀に消滅しましたが、九州にある八幡古表神社と古要神社という2つの神社で続いています。","The tradition died out in Usa in the twentieth century, but it continues at two other Kyushu shrines: Hachiman Kohyo Jinja Shrine and Koyo Jinja Shrine."]
[7376,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","古要神社","こようじんじゃ","Koyo Jinja Shrine","その習慣は宇佐では20世紀に消滅しましたが、九州にある八幡古表神社と古要神社という2つの神社で続いています。","The tradition died out in Usa in the twentieth century, but it continues at two other Kyushu shrines: Hachiman Kohyo Jinja Shrine and Koyo Jinja Shrine."]
[7377,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","百体神社","ひゃくたいじんじゃ","Hyakutai Jinja Shrine","百体神社で傀儡子を使った儀式を行うことも習慣になりました。","It became customary to put on a ritual performance using kugutsu puppets at Hyakutai Jinja Shrine."]
[7378,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","隼人","はやと","Hayato people","百体神社は、大和朝廷に征服された九州南部の民族である隼人の魂をなだめるため、8世紀に創建された小さな神社です。","Hyakutai Jinja is a small shrine founded in the eighth century to appease the spirits of the Hayato people of southern Kyushu who were subjugated by the Yamato court."]
[7379,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","社会","隼人の反乱\n（隼人の乱）","はやとのはんらん\n（はやとのらん）","Hayato Rebellion","宇佐神宮の記録によると、720年に大和の軍が隼人の反乱の鎮圧に出発し、八幡神は神の加護を与えるために同行しました。","According to Usa Jingu shrine records, in 720 Yamato troops set forth to quell the Hayato Rebellion, accompanied by Hachiman who provided divine protection."]
[7380,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神相撲","かみずもう","kamizumo","かつては、この儀式の一環として、隼人の乱の際に演じられたと考えられている傀儡子の舞や、神様同士の相撲を表現した神相撲という人形による相撲が百体神社で行われていました。","The rituals used to include kugutsu performances thought to be the same as those staged during the Hayato Rebellion, as well as kamizumo puppet wrestling enacting sumo matches between deities.","※「kamizumo」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7381,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","海岸・岬","和間浜","わまはま","Wama Beach","浮殿は宇佐神宮の小さな摂社で、最初は和間浜に建てられ、潮が満ちると波間に浮かんでいるように見えました。","The Ukiden, or “floating sanctuary,” is a small auxiliary shrine of Usa Jingu Shrine that was first built on Wama Beach and appeared to be floating on the waves when the tide was high."]
[7382,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","和間神社","わまじんじゃ","Wama Jinja Shrine","元々は和間浜にあったことから、浮殿の正式な名前は和間神社です。","The Ukiden is officially named Wama Jinja Shrine after its original location."]
[7383,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","浮殿","うきでん","Ukiden","かつて、浮殿はいくつかの社殿があるもっと大きな神社でしたが、境内は徐々に縮小し、今は本殿と拝殿だけが残っています。","In the past, the Ukiden was a larger shrine with several worship halls, but its grounds gradually shrank, and now only the main sanctuary and a prayer hall remain."]
[7384,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","集落・街","仲見世","なかみせ","Nakamise Shopping Street","仲見世商店街は宇佐神宮の主な参道の周辺にあります。","Nakamise Shopping Street is located along the main approach to Usa Jingu Shrine."]
[7385,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","集落・街","新明町商店街","しんめいちょうしょうてんがい","Shinmeicho shopping district","この商店街は、1932年から1941年に宇佐神宮で行われた昭和の大造営の頃に、宇佐神宮西口の近くにあった新明町商店街に代わって作られました。","The shopping street took shape around the time of the Great Showa Reconstruction conducted at Usa Jingu from 1932 to 1941, replacing the Shinmeicho shopping district that existed near the western entrance to the shrine."]
[7386,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","食","宇佐唐揚げ","うさからあげ","Usa-style karaage","人気メニューは、宇佐風のから揚げ、地元のネギを使った香ばしいパンケーキのようなねぎ焼き、揚げ物や鍋料理として提供される宇佐ドジョウ、川蟹を使ったガン汁というスープなどです。","Popular menu items include Usa-style karaage fried chicken, savory, pancake-like negiyaki prepared with local green onions, Usa dojo weatherfish served fried or in a nabe hot pot, and ganjiru soup made with river crab.","※「karaage」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「fried chicken」を追加すること。"]
[7387,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","食","ねぎ焼き","ねぎやき","negiyaki","人気メニューは、宇佐風のから揚げ、地元のネギを使った香ばしいパンケーキのようなねぎ焼き、揚げ物や鍋料理として提供される宇佐ドジョウ、川蟹を使ったガン汁というスープなどです。","Popular menu items include Usa-style karaage fried chicken, savory, pancake-like negiyaki prepared with local green onions, Usa dojo weatherfish served fried or in a nabe hot pot, and ganjiru soup made with river crab.","※「negiyaki 」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7388,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","食","宇佐ドジョウ","うさどじょう","Usa dojo","人気メニューは、宇佐風のから揚げ、地元のネギを使った香ばしいパンケーキのようなねぎ焼き、揚げ物や鍋料理として提供される宇佐ドジョウ、川蟹を使ったガン汁というスープなどです。","Popular menu items include Usa-style karaage fried chicken, savory, pancake-like negiyaki prepared with local green onions, Usa dojo weatherfish served fried or in a nabe hot pot, and ganjiru soup made with river crab.","※「dojo」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「weatherfish」も使用することも可能。"]
[7389,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","食","鍋","なべ","nabe","人気メニューは、宇佐風のから揚げ、地元のネギを使った香ばしいパンケーキのようなねぎ焼き、揚げ物や鍋料理として提供される宇佐ドジョウ、川蟹を使ったガン汁というスープなどです。","Popular menu items include Usa-style karaage fried chicken, savory, pancake-like negiyaki prepared with local green onions, Usa dojo weatherfish served fried or in a nabe hot pot, and ganjiru soup made with river crab.","※「nabe」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「hot pot」を追加すること。"]
[7390,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","食","ガン汁","がんじる","ganjiru","人気メニューは、宇佐風のから揚げ、地元のネギを使った香ばしいパンケーキのようなねぎ焼き、揚げ物や鍋料理として提供される宇佐ドジョウ、川蟹を使ったガン汁というスープなどです。","Popular menu items include Usa-style karaage fried chicken, savory, pancake-like negiyaki prepared with local green onions, Usa dojo weatherfish served fried or in a nabe hot pot, and ganjiru soup made with river crab.","※「ganjiru」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「soup」を追加すること。"]
[7391,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","食","カボス","かぼす","kabosu","多くの仲見世にある様々なギフトやおやつは、地域で栽培されている名物のカボスや柚子という柑橘系の果物で作られています。","A variety of gifts and snacks available at Nakamise are made with kabosu and yuzu citrus cultivated in the area.","※「kabosu」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「citrus fruit」を追加すること。"]
[7392,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","食","赤エビ","あかえび","red rice prawn","シーフードが好きな人は、近くの海で水揚げされ、乾燥され、さまざまな家庭料理に組み込めるようにパッケージ化された赤エビの商品などを見つけることができます。","Seafood lovers can find goods such as red rice prawns caught in nearby ocean waters, dried and packaged for incorporating into home recipes."]
[7393,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","食","大麦焼酎","おおむぎしょうちゅう","barley shochu","宇佐市は大分県で最も酒蔵が多く、日本最大の大麦焼酎の荷主であるため、伝統的なものに加えて最近のアルコール飲料も幅広く取り揃えています。","Usa has the most sake breweries in Oita Prefecture and is the largest supplier of barley shochu liquor in Japan, so there is also a wide selection of traditional and modern alcoholic beverages.","※「shochu」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7394,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","食","宇佐飴","うさあめ","Usa ame","伝説的な由来があるとされているもう一つの品は、宇佐飴という甘い麦芽と米からできた飴です。","Another item that claims legendary origin is Usa ame, sweet malt and rice candy.","※「ame」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「candy」を追加すること。"]
[7395,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大善寺","だいぜんじ","Daizenji Temple","大善寺は宇佐神宮境内から徒歩約10分の寄藻川右岸にあります。","Daizenji Temple is located on the right bank of the Yorimo River, about a ten-minute walk from Usa Jingu."]
[7396,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","菩提寺","ぼだいじ","bodaiji","大善寺は曹洞宗の寺院であり、宇佐神宮の上級の神職であった小山田家の菩提寺として1645年に創建されました。","Daizenji is a Buddhist temple of the Soto Zen school, founded in 1645 as the memorial temple (bodaiji) of the Oyamada family, who were high-ranking Shinto priests at Usa Jingu Shrine.","※「bodaiji」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「memorial temple」も使用することも可能。"]
[7397,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","小山田家","おやまだけ","Oyamada family","大善寺は曹洞宗の寺院であり、宇佐神宮の上級の神職であった小山田家の菩提寺として1645年に創建されました。","Daizenji is a Buddhist temple of the Soto Zen school, founded in 1645 as the memorial temple (bodaiji) of the Oyamada family, who were high-ranking Shinto priests at Usa Jingu Shrine."]
[7398,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","曹洞宗","そうとうしゅう","Soto Zen school","大善寺は曹洞宗の寺院であり、宇佐神宮の上級の神職であった小山田家の菩提寺として1645年に創建されました。","Daizenji is a Buddhist temple of the Soto Zen school, founded in 1645 as the memorial temple (bodaiji) of the Oyamada family, who were high-ranking Shinto priests at Usa Jingu Shrine."]
[7399,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","禅堂","ぜんどう","Zendo Hall","禅堂には、かつて弥勒寺に安置されていた数体の貴重な仏像があります。","The Zendo Hall houses several valuable statues that were originally enshrined at Mirokuji Temple"]
[7400,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","薬師如来","やくしにょらい","Yakushi Buddha","禅堂の中央に安置されているのは、かつて弥勒寺の金堂のご本尊であった薬師如来座像です。","In the center of the Zendo is a seated statue of Yakushi Buddha, the deity of medicine and healing, which was the principal object of worship at the Kondo (Main Hall) of Mirokuji."]
[7401,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","金堂","こんどう","Kondo (Main Hall)","禅堂の中央に安置されているのは、かつて弥勒寺の金堂のご本尊であった薬師如来座像です。","In the center of the Zendo is a seated statue of Yakushi Buddha, the deity of medicine and healing, which was the principal object of worship at the Kondo (Main Hall) of Mirokuji."]
[7402,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","植物","檜","ひのき","hinoki cypress","この仏像は寄木造りという技術によって檜から作られており、元々は漆と金箔で仕上げられていました。","The statue was carved from hinoki cypress using the yosegi-zukuri joined woodblock technique and was originally finished with lacquer covered with gold foil.","※「hinoki」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7403,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","建造物等","寄木造り","よせぎづくり","yosegi-zukuri","この仏像は寄木造りという技術によって檜から作られており、元々は漆と金箔で仕上げられていました。","The statue was carved from hinoki cypress using the yosegi-zukuri joined woodblock technique and was originally finished with lacquer covered with gold foil.","※「yosegi-zukuri」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「joint-woodblock technique」を追加すること。"]
[7404,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","日光菩薩","にっこうぼさつ","bodhisattva Nikko","薬師如来座像の両脇にあるのは、脇侍である日光菩薩・月光菩薩の像です。","Flanking Yakushi are two attendants, Nikko and Gakko, the bodhisattvas of sunlight and moonlight, respectively."]
[7405,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","月光菩薩","がっこうぼさつ","bodhisattva Gakko","薬師如来座像の両脇にあるのは、脇侍である日光菩薩・月光菩薩の像です。","Flanking Yakushi are two attendants, Nikko and Gakko, the bodhisattvas of sunlight and moonlight, respectively."]
[7406,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","明王","みょうおう","Wisdom King","左端と右端は、憤慨した愛染明王と不動明王で、仏教の保護者であり、悪を鎮圧し、無信仰者を回心させます。","On the far left and far right are wrathful Wisdom Kings Aizen Myo-o and Fudo Myo-o, who act as protectors of Buddhism, subduing evil and converting non-believers."]
[7407,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","不動明王","ふどうみょうおう","Fudo Myo-o","左端と右端は、憤慨した愛染明王と不動明王で、仏教の保護者であり、悪を鎮圧し、無信仰者を回心させます。","On the far left and far right are wrathful Wisdom Kings Aizen Myo-o and Fudo Myo-o, who act as protectors of Buddhism, subduing evil and converting non-believers."]
[7408,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","愛染明王","あいぜんみょうおう","Aizen Myo-o","左端と右端は、憤慨した愛染明王と不動明王で、仏教の保護者であり、悪を鎮圧し、無信仰者を回心させます。","On the far left and far right are wrathful Wisdom Kings Aizen Myo-o and Fudo Myo-o, who act as protectors of Buddhism, subduing evil and converting non-believers."]
[7409,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","観音堂","かんのんどう","Kannondo Hall","山門の右側にある小さい観音堂には、慈悲の菩薩である観音菩薩の金箔を施した像が安置されています。","A gilded statue of Kannon, the bodhisattva of compassion, is installed in the small Kannondo Hall to the right of the temple gate."]
[7410,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","観音菩薩","かんのんぼさつ","bodhisattva Kannon","山門の右側にある小さい観音堂には、慈悲の菩薩である観音菩薩の金箔を施した像が安置されています。","A gilded statue of Kannon, the bodhisattva of compassion, is installed in the small Kannondo Hall to the right of the temple gate."]
[7411,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","極楽寺","ごくらくじ","Gokurakuji Temple","極楽寺は、宇佐神宮で何世紀にもわたる神仏習合が行われていた時代の貴重な仏像とその他の宗教的な品々を保存しています。","Gokurakuji Temple preserves valuable Buddhist statues and other religious objects that date back to the centuries-long era of syncretic Shinto and Buddhist worship at the Usa Jingu shrine-temple complex."]
[7412,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","浄土真宗","じょうどしんしゅう","Jodo Shinshu school","極楽寺は浄土真宗の仏教寺院であり、本堂にあるご本尊は、浄土真宗で最も崇拝されている仏である阿弥陀如来の像です。","Gokurakuji belongs to the Jodo Shinshu (True Pure Land) school of Buddhism, and the principal object of worship in the Hondo (Main Hall) is a statue of Amida Buddha, the most revered deity in the Pure Land tradition."]
[7413,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","本堂","ほんどう","Hondo (Main Hall)","極楽寺は浄土真宗の仏教寺院であり、本堂にあるご本尊は、浄土真宗で最も崇拝されている仏である阿弥陀如来の像です。","Gokurakuji belongs to the Jodo Shinshu (True Pure Land) school of Buddhism, and the principal object of worship in the Hondo (Main Hall) is a statue of Amida Buddha, the most revered deity in the Pure Land tradition."]
[7414,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","阿弥陀如来","あみだにょらい","Amida Buddha","極楽寺は浄土真宗の仏教寺院であり、本堂にあるご本尊は、浄土真宗で最も崇拝されている仏である阿弥陀如来の像です。","Gokurakuji belongs to the Jodo Shinshu (True Pure Land) school of Buddhism, and the principal object of worship in the Hondo (Main Hall) is a statue of Amida Buddha, the most revered deity in the Pure Land tradition."]
[7415,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大弐堂","だいにどう","Dainido Hall","鎌倉時代（1185〜1333）に作られたもので、元々は宇佐神宮の大弐堂に安置されていました。","It was carved in the Kamakura period (1185–1333) and originally enshrined in the Dainido Hall at Usa Jingu."]
[7416,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","弥勒堂","みろくどう","Mirokudo Hall","同様の経緯で極楽寺にやってきたもう一つの重要な仏像が、弥勒堂に安置されている弥勒の大きな2.8mの座像です。","Another important statue that came to Gokurakuji through similar circumstances is the large (2.8 m) seated statue of Miroku that is displayed in the temple’s Mirokudo Hall."]
[7417,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","弥勒","みろく","Miroku","弥勒は遠い将来にこの世に現れて次の仏になる菩薩であると信じられており、この像は成仏した後の弥勒を表しています。","Miroku is believed to be a bodhisattva who will appear in this world in the distant future to become the next Buddha, and the statue depicts Miroku after attaining Buddhahood.","※仏像の場合、「弥勒菩薩」と「弥勒仏」の区別が重要なため、注意すること。"]
[7418,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","講堂","こうどう","Kodo (Lecture Hall)","かつて宇佐神宮の主な寺院であった弥勒寺の講堂で安置されていましたが、弥勒寺も政府による神仏分離令の後に破壊されました。","The statue was once worshipped in the Kodo (Lecture Hall) at Mirokuji, the main Buddhist temple in the Usa Jingu complex, which was also destroyed following the government order to separate Shinto and Buddhism."]
[7419,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","勢至菩薩","せいしぼさつ","bodhisattva Seishi","山門と本堂の間には、もともと大弐堂にあった阿弥陀如来、慈悲の菩薩である観音菩薩、力の菩薩である勢至菩薩のご真言が書かれている円額の複製品があります。","Between the temple gate and the Hondo of Gokurakuji is a replica of a round plaque from the Dainido Hall bearing mantras to Amida Buddha, Kannon, the bodhisattva of compassion, and Seishi, the bodhisattva of strength."]
[7420,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","仏舎利塔","ぶっしゃりとう","bussharito","本堂の小さな宝物殿には、大弐堂の額の原品や人の髪の毛で刺繍された珍しい曼荼羅、弥勒寺の小さな仏舎利塔、複数のお経の巻物やその他の資料などの寺宝が展示されています。","Other treasures are displayed in a small museum in the Hondo, including the original plaque from the Dainido, a rare mandala embroidered with human hair, a small bussharito stupa from Mirokuji, as well as multiple sutra scrolls and other documents.","※「bussharito」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。ネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「stupa」を追加すること。"]
[7421,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大楽寺","だいらくじ","Dairakuji Temple","大楽寺は、奈良の大寺の1つである西大寺の僧侶であった道密上人によって1333年に設立されました。","Dairakuji Temple was founded in 1333 by the monk Domitsu from Saidaiji, one of the great Buddhist temples of Nara."]
[7422,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","道密上人","どうみつしょうにん","Domitsu","大楽寺は、奈良の大寺の1つである西大寺の僧侶であった道密上人によって1333年に設立されました。","Dairakuji Temple was founded in 1333 by the monk Domitsu from Saidaiji, one of the great Buddhist temples of Nara."]
[7423,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","西大寺","さいだいじ","Saidaiji Temple","大楽寺は、奈良の大寺の1つである西大寺の僧侶であった道密上人によって1333年に設立されました。","Dairakuji Temple was founded in 1333 by the monk Domitsu from Saidaiji, one of the great Buddhist temples of Nara."]
[7424,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","到津公連","いとうづきんつら","Itozu Kintsura","資金は当時宇佐神宮の宮司であった到津公連から提供され、大楽寺は到津家の菩提寺となり、位牌は現在も持仏堂に安置されています。","Financing was provided by Itozu Kintsura, the head priest of Usa Jingu Shrine at the time, and Dairakuji served as the memorial temple (bodaiji) of the Itozu family, whose mortuary tablets are still enshrined in the Jibutsudo Hall."]
[7425,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","位牌","いはい","mortuary tablet","資金は当時宇佐神宮の宮司であった到津公連から提供され、大楽寺は到津家の菩提寺となり、位牌は現在も持仏堂に安置されています。","Financing was provided by Itozu Kintsura, the head priest of Usa Jingu Shrine at the time, and Dairakuji served as the memorial temple (bodaiji) of the Itozu family, whose mortuary tablets are still enshrined in the Jibutsudo Hall."]
[7426,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","持仏堂","じぶつどう","Jibutsudo Hall","資金は当時宇佐神宮の宮司であった到津公連から提供され、大楽寺は到津家の菩提寺となり、位牌は現在も持仏堂に安置されています。","Financing was provided by Itozu Kintsura, the head priest of Usa Jingu Shrine at the time, and Dairakuji served as the memorial temple (bodaiji) of the Itozu family, whose mortuary tablets are still enshrined in the Jibutsudo Hall."]
[7427,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","後醍醐天皇","ごだいごてんのう","Emperor Go-Daigo","1334年、後醍醐天皇（1288–1339）の命により、大楽寺は国の平和と保護を祈る義務を負ったお寺である勅願寺になりました。","In 1334, by decree of Emperor Go-Daigo (1288–1339) Dairakuji became a chokuganji, a temple tasked with the duty of praying for the peace and protection of the country."]
[7428,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","勅願時","ちょくがんじ","chokuganji","1334年、後醍醐天皇（1288–1339）の命により、大楽寺は国の平和と保護を祈る義務を負ったお寺である勅願寺になりました。","In 1334, by decree of Emperor Go-Daigo (1288–1339) Dairakuji became a chokuganji, a temple tasked with the duty of praying for the peace and protection of the country.","※「chokuganji」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7429,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","高野山真言宗","こうやさんしんごんしゅう","Koyasan Shingon school","大楽寺は現在、高野山真言宗に所属しています。","The temple currently belongs to the Koyasan Shingon school of Buddhism."]
[7430,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","ご本尊","ごほんぞん","principal object of worship","ご本尊は、1.4メートルの弥勒の仏像であり、その両脇には、脇侍の大妙相菩薩と法苑林菩薩のほぼ対称的な2体の像があります。","The principal object of worship is a 1.4-meter statue of Miroku flanked by two nearly symmetrical attendant statues of bodhisattvas Daimyoso and Ho’onrin."]
[7431,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","大妙相菩薩","だいみょうそうぼさつ","bodhisattva Daimyoso","ご本尊は、1.4メートルの弥勒の仏像であり、その両脇には、脇侍の大妙相菩薩と法苑林菩薩のほぼ対称的な2体の像があります。","The principal object of worship is a 1.4-meter statue of Miroku flanked by two nearly symmetrical attendant statues of bodhisattvas Daimyoso and Ho’onrin."]
[7432,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","法苑林菩薩","ほうおんりんぼさつ","bodhisattva Ho’onrin","ご本尊は、1.4メートルの弥勒の仏像であり、その両脇には、脇侍の大妙相菩薩と法苑林菩薩のほぼ対称的な2体の像があります。","The principal object of worship is a 1.4-meter statue of Miroku flanked by two nearly symmetrical attendant statues of bodhisattvas Daimyoso and Ho’onrin."]
[7433,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","釈迦如来","しゃかにょらい","Shakyamuni Buddha","大善寺のご本尊は、本堂で祀られている釈迦如来（歴史上に実在した仏陀）の像です。","The principal object of worship of Daizenji is a statue of Shakyamuni, the historical Buddha, enshrined in the Hondo (Main Hall)."]
[7434,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","天王","てんのう","Heavenly King","三尊は、弥勒を四つの方角から守護する天王である、持国天（東）、増長天（南）、広目天（西）、多聞天（北）に取り囲まれています。","The triad is surrounded by Heavenly Kings protecting Miroku at the four cardinal directions: Jikokuten (east), Zojoten (south), Komokuten (west), and Tamonten (north)."]
[7435,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","持国天","じこくてん","Jikokuten","三尊は、弥勒を四つの方角から守護する天王である、持国天（東）、増長天（南）、広目天（西）、多聞天（北）に取り囲まれています。","The triad is surrounded by Heavenly Kings protecting Miroku at the four cardinal directions: Jikokuten (east), Zojoten (south), Komokuten (west), and Tamonten (north)."]
[7436,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","増長天","ぞうじょうてん","Zojoten","三尊は、弥勒を四つの方角から守護する天王である、持国天（東）、増長天（南）、広目天（西）、多聞天（北）に取り囲まれています。","The triad is surrounded by Heavenly Kings protecting Miroku at the four cardinal directions: Jikokuten (east), Zojoten (south), Komokuten (west), and Tamonten (north)."]
[7437,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","広目天","こうもくてん","Komokuten","三尊は、弥勒を四つの方角から守護する天王である、持国天（東）、増長天（南）、広目天（西）、多聞天（北）に取り囲まれています。","The triad is surrounded by Heavenly Kings protecting Miroku at the four cardinal directions: Jikokuten (east), Zojoten (south), Komokuten (west), and Tamonten (north)."]
[7438,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","多聞天","たもんてん","Tamonten","三尊は、弥勒を四つの方角から守護する天王である、持国天（東）、増長天（南）、広目天（西）、多聞天（北）に取り囲まれています。","The triad is surrounded by Heavenly Kings protecting Miroku at the four cardinal directions: Jikokuten (east), Zojoten (south), Komokuten (west), and Tamonten (north)."]
[7439,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","五鈷杵","ごこしょ","gokosho","本堂の陳列ケースには、開祖である道密上人が使用していたと伝えられる五鈷杵という法具や、その一部が真言宗の開祖である空海（弘法大師、774–835）によって書かれたと伝えられている般若心経の手書きの巻物が展示されています。","Display cases in the Hondo contain a ritual tool called gokosho, supposedly used by the founder Domitsu, and a handwritten Heart Sutra scroll, part of which is attributed to Kukai (Kobo Daishi, 774–835), the founder of the Shingon school of Buddhism.","※「gokosho」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7440,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","空海（弘法大師）","くうかい（こうぼうだいし）","Kukai (Kobo Daishi)","本堂の陳列ケースには、開祖である道密上人が使用していたと伝えられる五鈷杵という法具や、その一部が真言宗の開祖である空海（弘法大師、774–835）によって書かれたと伝えられている般若心経の手書きの巻物が展示されています。","Display cases in the Hondo contain a ritual tool called gokosho, supposedly used by the founder Domitsu, and a handwritten Heart Sutra scroll, part of which is attributed to Kukai (Kobo Daishi, 774–835), the founder of the Shingon school of Buddhism."]
[7441,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","真言宗","しんごんしゅう","Shingon school","本堂の陳列ケースには、開祖である道密上人が使用していたと伝えられる五鈷杵という法具や、その一部が真言宗の開祖である空海（弘法大師、774–835）によって書かれたと伝えられている般若心経の手書きの巻物が展示されています。","Display cases in the Hondo contain a ritual tool called gokosho, supposedly used by the founder Domitsu, and a handwritten Heart Sutra scroll, part of which is attributed to Kukai (Kobo Daishi, 774–835), the founder of the Shingon school of Buddhism."]
[7442,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","如意輪観音","にょいりんかんのん","Nyoirin Kannon","持仏堂には、６本の腕を持つ姿で表現された慈悲の菩薩の如意輪観音像が安置されています。","The Jibutsudo enshrines a statue of Nyoirin Kannon, a bodhisattva of compassion depicted with six arms."]
[7443,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","平重盛","たいらしげもり","Taira Shigemori","寺伝によるとこの仏像は、13世紀の叙事詩である平家物語にも登場した強力な武家の平家の一員であった平重盛（1138–1179）のものでした。","According to temple legend, the statue belonged to Taira Shigemori (1138–1179), a member of the powerful Taira warrior clan featured in Heike Monogatari (The Tale of the Heike), a thirteenth-century epic."]
[7444,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","書物","平家物語","へいけものがたり","Heike Monogatari (The Tale of the Heike)","寺伝によるとこの仏像は、13世紀の叙事詩である平家物語にも登場した強力な武家の平家の一員であった平重盛（1138–1179）のものでした。","According to temple legend, the statue belonged to Taira Shigemori (1138–1179), a member of the powerful Taira warrior clan featured in Heike Monogatari (The Tale of the Heike), a thirteenth-century epic.","※書名ので斜体で表記。"]
[7445,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","四国遍路","しこくへんろ","Shikoku Pilgrimage","その中には不動明王の像や、空海の像、88体の小さな仏像（1体ずつが、弘法大師空海で有名な四国遍路の1ヶ所に相当している）があります。","It houses a statue of the Wisdom King Fudo Myo-o, a statue of Kukai, and 88 small statues of Buddhas and bodhisattvas, one for each location of the famous Shikoku Pilgrimage associated with Kukai."]
[7446,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","石塔","せきとう","stone pagoda","境内には、いくつかの菩薩や明王などの石造、石塔があり、鐘楼にある1382年作の大きな梵鐘は大分県最古の国産の梵鐘となっています。","The temple grounds contain multiple stone sculptures of bodhisattvas and guardian deities, stone pagodas, and a bell tower with a large bell that dates to 1382 and is the oldest domestically-produced temple bell in Oita Prefecture."]
[7447,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","梵鐘","ぼんしょう","temple bell","境内には、いくつかの菩薩や明王などの石造、石塔があり、鐘楼にある1382年作の大きな梵鐘は大分県最古の国産の梵鐘となっています。","The temple grounds contain multiple stone sculptures of bodhisattvas and guardian deities, stone pagodas, and a bell tower with a large bell that dates to 1382 and is the oldest domestically-produced temple bell in Oita Prefecture."]
[7448,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","円通寺","えんつうじ","Entsuji Temple","神子栄尊という僧侶（1195–1273）は、当時宇佐神宮の宮司であった宇佐公仲から提供された財政的な支援によって、1243年に円通寺を設立しました。","The Buddhist monk Jinshi Eison (1195–1273) founded Entsuji Temple in 1243 with funding from Usa Kiminaka, the head priest of Usa Jingu Shrine at the time."]
[7449,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","神子栄尊","じんしえいそん","Jinshi Eison","神子栄尊という僧侶（1195–1273）は、当時宇佐神宮の宮司であった宇佐公仲から提供された財政的な支援によって、1243年に円通寺を設立しました。","The Buddhist monk Jinshi Eison (1195–1273) founded Entsuji Temple in 1243 with funding from Usa Kiminaka, the head priest of Usa Jingu Shrine at the time."]
[7450,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","宇佐公仲","うさきみなか","Usa Kiminaka","神子栄尊という僧侶（1195–1273）は、当時宇佐神宮の宮司であった宇佐公仲から提供された財政的な支援によって、1243年に円通寺を設立しました。","The Buddhist monk Jinshi Eison (1195–1273) founded Entsuji Temple in 1243 with funding from Usa Kiminaka, the head priest of Usa Jingu Shrine at the time."]
[7451,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","無本覚心","むほんかくしん","Muhon Kakushin","右は栄尊、左はその時代の臨済宗のもう一人の僧侶であり、円通寺の復活を手伝った無本覚心（1207–1298）を表しています。","The one on the right portrays Eison, and the one on the left depicts Muhon Kakushin (1207–1298), another Rinzai Zen monk of that era who helped restore the temple."]
[7452,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","臨済宗","りんざいしゅう","Rinzai Zen","右は栄尊、左はその時代の臨済宗のもう一人の僧侶であり、円通寺の復活を手伝った無本覚心（1207–1298）を表しています。","\nThe one on the right portrays Eison, and the one on the left depicts Muhon Kakushin (1207–1298), another Rinzai Zen monk of that era who helped restore the temple."]
[7453,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大徳寺派","だいとくじは","Daitokuji school","臨済宗大徳寺派で、大分県最古の臨済宗の寺院です。","It belongs to the Daitokuji school of Rinzai Zen Buddhism and is the oldest Rinzai temple in Oita Prefecture."]
[7454,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","座禅","ざぜん","zazen meditation","電話で事前予約をすれば、寺の案内を受けることや、座禅、写経をすることができます。","Guided tours, zazen meditation, and sutra copying sessions are available with prior reservation by phone.","※「zazen」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7455,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","写経","しゃきょう","sutra copying","電話で事前予約をすれば、寺の案内を受けることや、座禅、写経をすることができます。","Guided tours, zazen meditation, and sutra copying sessions are available with prior reservation by phone."]
[7456,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","建造物等","呉橋","くれはし","Kurehashi Bridge","呉橋の長さは約24.7メートル、幅は3.5メートルです。","The Kurehashi Bridge is approximately 24.7 meters long and 3.5 meters wide."]
[7457,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","建造物等","唐破風","からはふ","karahafu","呉橋の唐破風の屋根はヒノキの樹皮の板葺きで覆われ、その橋体は神社の建物や鳥居によく使われる独特の朱色で塗られています。","The karahafu (cusped gable) roof is covered with cypress bark shingles, and the structure is painted the distinctive vermilion color often used for shrine buildings and torii gates.","※「karahafu」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7458,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","その他","呉","ご","Kingdom of Wu","地元の伝説によれば、宇佐神宮が設立される数世紀前に呉は崩壊したにもかかわらず、中国東部の「呉」という王国出身の大工によって最初に建設されたと言われています。","According to a local legend, the bridge was originally constructed by carpenters from the Kingdom of Wu in eastern China, even though the kingdom fell several centuries prior to the founding of Usa Jingu."]
[7459,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","細川忠利","ほそかわただとし","Hosokawa Tadatoshi","現在の橋は、1622年に近くの小倉藩の領主であった細川忠利（1586–1641）によって建設されました。","The current bridge was constructed in 1622 by Hosokawa Tadatoshi (1586–1641), then the lord of the nearby Kokura domain."]
[7460,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","組織・団体","小倉藩","こくらはん","Kokura domain","現在の橋は、1622年に近くの小倉藩の領主であった細川忠利（1586–1641）によって建設されました。","The current bridge was constructed in 1622 by Hosokawa Tadatoshi (1586–1641), then the lord of the nearby Kokura domain."]
[7461,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","擬宝珠","ぎぼし","giboshi","欄干にある擬宝珠のいくつかに彼の名前が刻まれています。","His name is carved on some of the giboshi decorations that top the railings.","※「giboshi」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7462,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","西参道","にしさんどう","Nishi Sando Path","西参道は、呉橋から宇佐神宮境内に至る道です。","The Nishi Sando (“western approach”) is the path that leads from the Kurehashi Bridge into the Usa Jingu shrine grounds."]
[7463,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","須佐之男命","すさのおのみこと","Susanoo no Mikoto","西参道沿いのもう一つの注目すべき場所は、海と嵐にまつわる神である須佐之男命を祀る、宇佐神宮の末社、八坂神社です。","Another notable site along the Nishi Sando is Yasaka Jinja Shrine, a subsidiary shrine of Usa Jingu dedicated to Susanoo no Mikoto, a deity associated with the sea and storms."]
[7464,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","宇佐鳥居","うさとりい","Usa torii","日本全国にたくさんの鳥居の形があり、宇佐神宮には宇佐鳥居という独自のスタイルがあります。","Many styles of torii gates are found across Japan, and Usa Jingu Shrine has its own unique style called the Usa torii."]
[7465,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","建造物等","額束","がくづか","central strut","宇佐鳥居の2つの水平の梁は額束でつながっておらず、扁額がありません。","The horizontal beams of the Usa torii are not connected with a central strut, and they do not bear a shrine nameplate."]
[7466,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","建造物等","扁額","へんがく","nameplate","宇佐鳥居の2つの水平の梁は額束でつながっておらず、扁額がありません。","The horizontal beams of the Usa torii are not connected with a central strut, and they do not bear a shrine nameplate."]
[7467,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","建造物等","笠木","かさぎ","top lintel","その特徴は、笠木がよりドラマチックに反っていること、笠木の下にある柱の上部を囲む2つの黒い台輪があることです。","It is characterized by a dramatic curve of the top lintel and two black “rings” circling the pillars right beneath it."]
[7468,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","一の鳥居","いちのとりい","Ichi no Torii","「一の鳥居」と呼ばれることもあり、宇佐神宮の主祭神にちなんで「八幡鳥居」と呼ばれることもあります。","It is sometimes called the Ichi no Torii (“first torii gate”) or the Hachiman Torii after the main deity of Usa Jingu."]
[7469,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","八幡鳥居","はちまんとりい","Hachiman Torii","「一の鳥居」と呼ばれることもあり、宇佐神宮の主祭神にちなんで「八幡鳥居」と呼ばれることもあります。","It is sometimes called the Ichi no Torii (“first torii gate”) or the Hachiman Torii after the main deity of Usa Jingu."]
[7470,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大鳥居","おおとりい","Otorii","台風で以前の大鳥居が破壊された後、1937年に現在の大鳥居が独特の宇佐鳥居の形式でコンクリートを使って建設されました。","After a typhoon destroyed the previous Otorii, the current version was constructed with concrete in 1937 in the distinctive Usa torii style."]
[7471,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","上宮","じょうぐう","Jogu (Upper Shrine)","上宮は、宇佐神宮でのほとんどの儀式や祈りが行われる場所です。","The Jogu (Upper Shrine) is where most rituals and prayers take place at Usa Jingu."]
[7472,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","御殿","ごてん","sanctuary","祭りの初日、八幡神は上宮の御殿からお神輿に移されます。","On the first day of the festival, Hachiman is transferred from the sanctuary at the Jogu to a portable shrine.","※宇佐神宮の上宮本殿に、ご祭神を祀る3つの建物は「御殿」と呼ばれていますが、英語で適切な表現として、「sanctuary」を使用。"]
[7473,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","建造物等","切妻屋根","きりづまやね","gabled roof","各御殿は、通路で繋がった2つの別々の建物のように見えますが、2つの切妻屋根を持つ1つの建物です。","Though each sanctuary looks like two separate buildings with a passageway between them, each one is a single structure with two gabled roofs."]
[7474,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","春日神社","かすがじんじゃ","Kasuga Jinja Shrine","春日神社は八幡神の御殿を守護しており、神功皇后をお助けになった神様を祀っています。","Kasuga Jinja Shrine protects the Hachiman sanctuary and enshrines a deity who provided assistance to Empress Jingu."]
[7475,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","北辰神社","ほくしんじんじゃ","Hokushin Jinja Shrine","北辰神社は比売大神の御殿の守護社で、宇佐神宮が建つこの土地の神々を祀っています。","Hokushin Jinja Shrine protects the Hime Okami sanctuary and enshrines the deities of the land on which Usa Jingu is built."]
[7476,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","住吉神社","すみよしじんじゃ","Sumiyoshi Jinja Shrine","住吉神社は神功皇后の御殿の守護社で、神功皇后を祝福した3柱の神々を祀っています。","Sumiyoshi Jinja Shrine protects the Empress Jingu sanctuary and enshrines three deities that granted blessings to the empress."]
[7477,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","植物","楠","くすのき","camphor tree","これらの神社に加えて、上宮の壁沿いに植えられた大きな一本の楠は、八幡神の神聖な子女を祀る場所としての役割を果たしています。","In addition to these shrines, a large camphor tree planted along the Jogu wall serves as a place of worship for Hachiman’s divine children."]
[7478,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","南中楼門","みなみちゅうろうもん","Minami Churomon Gate","上宮の3つの御殿は国宝に指定されており、北辰神社、南中楼門、西大門は大分県指定有形文化財です。","The three main sanctuaries of the Jogu are designated National Treasures, and the Hokushin Shrine, the Minami Churomon Gate, and the Saidaimon Gate are designated Tangible Cultural Properties by Oita Prefecture."]
[7479,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","西大門","さいだいもん","Saidaimon Gate","上宮の3つの御殿は国宝に指定されており、北辰神社、南中楼門、西大門は大分県指定有形文化財です。","The three main sanctuaries of the Jogu are designated National Treasures, and the Hokushin Shrine, the Minami Churomon Gate, and the Saidaimon Gate are designated Tangible Cultural Properties by Oita Prefecture."]
[7480,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","百段","ひゃくだん","Hyakudan","宇佐神宮境内の南側から上宮へと続く大きな石の階段は、百段と呼ばれています。","The large stone stairway that leads from the southern side of the Usa Jingu shrine grounds into the Jogu (Upper Shrine) is called the Hyakudan."]
[7481,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","鬼","おに","ogre","伝説によれば、かつてある鬼が、宇佐神宮の主祭神である八幡神にお願いをして、人を食べる許可を求めたと言われています。","According to legend, an ogre once approached Hachiman, the main deity worshipped at Usa Jingu, asking for permission to eat humans."]
[7482,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","南大門","なんだいもん","Nandaimon Gate","急な階段のふもとにある南大門が同時期に建設されました。","The Nandaimon Gate at the foot of the steep staircase was constructed at the same time."]
[7483,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","若宮神社","わかみやじんじゃ","Wakamiya Jinja Shrine","若宮神社は、宇佐神宮の上宮の入り口を示す鳥居の外にある摂社です。","Wakamiya Jinja is an auxiliary shrine located outside the torii gate that marks the entrance to the Jogu (Upper Shrine) area of Usa Jingu Shrine."]
[7484,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","大鷦鷯命","おおささぎのみこと","Osasagi no Mikoto","若宮神社で祀られている五柱の神々は、大鷦鷯命、大葉枝皇子、小葉枝皇子、隼別皇子、雌鳥皇女です。","The five deities worshipped at Wakamiya Shrine are Osasagi no Mikoto, Obae no Miko, Kobae no Miko, Hayabusawake no Miko, and Metori no Himemiko."]
[7485,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","大葉枝皇子","おおばえのみこ","Obae no Miko","若宮神社で祀られている五柱の神々は、大鷦鷯命、大葉枝皇子、小葉枝皇子、隼別皇子、雌鳥皇女です。","The five deities worshipped at Wakamiya Shrine are Osasagi no Mikoto, Obae no Miko, Kobae no Miko, Hayabusawake no Miko, and Metori no Himemiko."]
[7486,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","小葉枝皇子","こばえのみこ","Kobae no Miko","若宮神社で祀られている五柱の神々は、大鷦鷯命、大葉枝皇子、小葉枝皇子、隼別皇子、雌鳥皇女です。","The five deities worshipped at Wakamiya Shrine are Osasagi no Mikoto, Obae no Miko, Kobae no Miko, Hayabusawake no Miko, and Metori no Himemiko."]
[7487,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","隼別皇子","はやぶさわけのみこ","Hayabusawake no Miko","若宮神社で祀られている五柱の神々は、大鷦鷯命、大葉枝皇子、小葉枝皇子、隼別皇子、雌鳥皇女です。","The five deities worshipped at Wakamiya Shrine are Osasagi no Mikoto, Obae no Miko, Kobae no Miko, Hayabusawake no Miko, and Metori no Himemiko."]
[7488,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","雌鳥皇女","めとりのひめみこ","Metori no Himemiko","若宮神社で祀られている五柱の神々は、大鷦鷯命、大葉枝皇子、小葉枝皇子、隼別皇子、雌鳥皇女です。","The five deities worshipped at Wakamiya Shrine are Osasagi no Mikoto, Obae no Miko, Kobae no Miko, Hayabusawake no Miko, and Metori no Himemiko."]
[7489,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","仁徳天皇","にんとくてんのう","Emperor Nintoku","特に注目に値するのは、父の後に天皇の位を継いで仁徳天皇となった大鷦鷯命です。","Osasagi no Mikoto is of particular note, as he was the one who ascended the throne after his father to become Emperor Nintoku."]
[7490,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","下宮","げぐう","Gegu (Lower Shrine)","小椋山の頂上にある本社の上宮に加えて、小椋山の麓にある下宮があり、どちらにも、八幡神・比売大神・神功皇后が祀られています。","In addition to the Jogu (Upper Shrine), the main shrine on top of Mt. Ogura, there is also the Gegu (Lower Shrine) at the base of the mountain, both enshrining Hachiman, the Hime Okami, and Empress Jingu."]
[7491,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","春宮神社","とうぐうじんじゃ","Togu Jinja Shrine","その一つが春宮神社で、八幡神として祀られている日本の伝説的な15代天皇である応神天皇の息子、莵道稚郎子命を祀る摂社です。","One of them is Togu Jinja, an auxiliary shrine dedicated to Uji no Wakinoiratsuko no Mikoto, a son of Emperor Ojin, the legendary 15th emperor of Japan who is deified as Hachiman."]
[7492,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","莵道稚郎子命","うじのわきのいらつこのみこと","Uji no Wakinoiratsuko no Mikoto","その一つが春宮神社で、八幡神として祀られている日本の伝説的な15代天皇である応神天皇の息子、莵道稚郎子命を祀る摂社です。","One of them is Togu Jinja, an auxiliary shrine dedicated to Uji no Wakinoiratsuko no Mikoto, a son of Emperor Ojin, the legendary 15th emperor of Japan who is deified as Hachiman."]
[7493,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","湖沼","菱形池","ひしがたいけ","Hishigata Pond","宇佐神宮境内の中央には景勝的な菱形池があります。","In the center of the Usa Jingu shrine grounds is the picturesque Hishigata Pond."]
[7494,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","御霊水","ごれいすい","Goreisui spring","菱形池の南東の岸には、御霊水という神聖な泉があります。","On the southeast bank of the Hishigata Pond is the sacred Goreisui spring."]
[7495,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","建造物等","能舞台","のうぶたい","noh stage","池の小さな島々には、神社と能の舞台があり、島々は橋で結ばれています。","There are several shrines and a noh stage on the small islands in the pond, and the islands are connected by a system of bridges."]
[7496,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","木匠祖神社","もくしょうそじんじゃ","Mokushoso Jinja Shrine","舞台の近くには、大工などの職人を守護する神様を祀る木匠祖神社があります。","Near the stage is Mokushoso Jinja Shrine, dedicated to a guardian deity of carpenters and other artisans."]
[7497,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","水分神社","みくまりじんじゃ","Mikumari Jinja Shrine","別の島には、水神が祀られている水分神社があります。","Another island houses Mikumari Jinja Shrine, where a water deity is worshipped."]
[7498,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","絵馬堂","えまどう","Emado Hall","池の西岸にある絵馬堂は、宇佐神宮の伝説や歴史を描いた絵馬が展示されている建物です。","The Emado Hall on the west bank of the pond displays ema votive tablets depicting scenes from the legends and history of Usa Jingu."]
[7499,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","絵馬","えま","ema","池の西岸にある絵馬堂は、宇佐神宮の伝説や歴史を描いた絵馬が展示されている建物です。","The Emado Hall on the west bank of the pond displays ema votive tablets depicting scenes from the legends and history of Usa Jingu.","※「ema」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「votive tablet」も使用することも可能。"]
[7500,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","頓宮","とんぐう","Tongu","頓宮は、特定の儀式の際に宇佐神宮の神々を一時的に祀るために利用される場所です。","The Tongu is a temporary enshrinement site used to house the deities of Usa Jingu Shrine during certain rituals.","※宇佐神宮の場合、「頓宮」は摂末社ではない。"]
[7501,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大尾神社","おおおじんじゃ","O’o Jinja Shrine","大尾神社は宇佐神宮の東側にある大尾山に建っています。","O’o Jinja Shrine stands on Mt. O’o on the eastern side of the Usa Jingu shrine grounds."]
[7502,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","山岳","大尾山","おおおさん","Mt. O’o","大尾神社は宇佐神宮の東側にある大尾山に建っています。","O’o Jinja Shrine stands on Mt. O’o on the eastern side of the Usa Jingu shrine grounds."]
[7503,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","東大寺","とうだいじ","Todaiji Temple","749年、大仏を建設中だった東大寺を参拝するため、八幡神は宇佐から奈良（当時の都）に移されました。","In 749, the deity Hachiman was transferred from Usa to Nara (then the capital of Japan) for a pilgrimage to Todaiji Temple during construction of the Great Buddha statue."]
[7504,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大仏","だいぶつ","Great Buddha statue","749年、大仏を建設中だった東大寺を参拝するため、八幡神は宇佐から奈良（当時の都）に移されました。","In 749, the deity Hachiman was transferred from Usa to Nara (then the capital of Japan) for a pilgrimage to Todaiji Temple during construction of the Great Buddha statue."]
[7505,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","道鏡","どうきょう","Dokyo","その間に、権力者であった僧侶の道鏡（700？–772）が次の天皇に指名されようと企てました。","During that period, the powerful Buddhist monk Dokyo (700?–772) attempted to be named the next emperor."]
[7506,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","称徳天皇","しょうとくてんのう","Empress Shotoku","この託宣を検証するために、称徳天皇（718–770）は、769年に和気清麻呂（733–799）という廷臣を宇佐に派遣しました。","To verify the statement, the reigning Empress Shotoku (718–770) dispatched a courtier named Wake no Kiyomaro (733–799) to Usa in 769."]
[7507,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","託宣","たくせん","oracle","和気清麻呂が大尾神社で受け取った神託は、皇位は皇室の血を引く人にのみ継がれるべきであると宣言し、それにより道鏡が天皇になることが防がれ、伝統的な継承の仕方を維持する一助となりました。","The oracle he received at O’o Shrine said the throne must only be occupied by a member of the imperial bloodline, which helped prevent Dokyo from becoming emperor and preserved the traditional order of succession."]
[7508,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","護皇神社","ごおうじんじゃ","Go’o Jinja Shrine","護皇神社は、宇佐神宮の東、大尾山にある末社です。","Go’o Jinja is a subsidiary shrine located on Mt. O’o to the east of Usa Jingu Shrine."]
[7509,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","和気清麻呂","わけのきよまろ","Wake no Kiyomaro","この託宣を検証するために、称徳天皇（718–770）は、769年に和気清麻呂（733–799）という廷臣を宇佐に派遣しました。","To verify the statement, the reigning Empress Shotoku (718–770) dispatched a courtier named Wake no Kiyomaro (733–799) to Usa in 769."]
[7510,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","和気広虫","わけのひろむし","Wake no Hiromushi","和気広虫（730～799）という、女帝に信頼された女官は、その主張を調査するために宇佐神宮に送られることになっていました。","A trusted lady-in-waiting of the empress named Wake no Hiromushi (730–799) was to be sent to Usa Jingu to investigate the claim."]
[7511,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","桓武天皇","かんむてんのう","Emperor Kanmu","しかし、清麻呂は生き残り、道鏡の没落後に宮廷に戻って、桓武天皇（737–806）の信頼の厚い顧問になりました。","However, Kiyomaro survived and eventually returned to court after Dokyo’s downfall, becoming a trusted advisor to Emperor Kanmu (737–806)."]
[7512,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","建造物等","神橋","しんきょう","Shinkyo Bridge","神橋の側面と手すりは、不幸と邪悪なものから守護する明るい朱色に塗られています。","The sides and railings of the Shinkyo Bridge are painted bright vermilion to protect against evil and misfortune."]
[7513,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","紋章等 ","三つ巴","みつどもえ","mitsudomoe","側面には「三つ巴」という3つのコンマのような形の渦巻きの紋章などの装飾があります。","Embellishments on the sides include mitsudomoe, crests with a swirling pattern of three comma-like shapes.","※「mitsudomoe」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7514,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","建造物等","白橋","しろはし","Shirohashi Bridge","同じ年に最初に建設されたもう1つの橋は、少し上流にあり、車で渡れる、飾り気の無いクリーム色の白橋です。","Another bridge originally built in the same year is the unadorned, cream-colored Shirohashi Bridge a short distance upstream that provides access for cars."]
[7515,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","山岳","御許山","おもとさん","Mt. Omoto","御許山は、比売大神として総称される三女神と八幡神が最初に天から降りてきた場所と言われています。","Mt. Omoto is where the three goddesses known collectively as Hime Okami and the deity Hachiman are said to have first descended from the heavens."]
[7516,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神代","じんだい\n（かみよ）","Age of the Gods","比売大神は、大昔の神代にこの山に現れたと考えられていますが、宇佐神宮の縁起にある伝説には、八幡神はもっと後の6世紀に現れたと記録されています。","The Hime Okami are believed to have appeared on the mountain during the primordial Age of the Gods, while legends recorded in historical documents at Usa Jingu Shrine state that Hachiman arrived much later, in the sixth century."]
[7517,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大元神社 ","おおもとじんじゃ","Omoto Jinja Shrine","神聖な山に立つ大元神社は、伝統的に海と関連付けられている比売大神という女神（多岐津姫命、市杵嶋姫命、多紀理姫命）を祀っています。","Omoto Jinja Shrine that stands on the sacred mountain is dedicated to the Hime Okami goddesses (Tagitsuhime no Mikoto, Ichikishimahime no Mikoto, and Tagirihime no Mikoto) who are traditionally associated with the sea."]
[7518,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","多岐津姫命","たぎつひめのみこと","Tagitsuhime no Mikoto","神聖な山に立つ大元神社は、伝統的に海と関連付けられている比売大神という女神（多岐津姫命、市杵嶋姫命、多紀理姫命）を祀っています。","Omoto Jinja Shrine that stands on the sacred mountain is dedicated to the Hime Okami goddesses (Tagitsuhime no Mikoto, Ichikishimahime no Mikoto, and Tagirihime no Mikoto) who are traditionally associated with the sea."]
[7519,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","市杵嶋姫命","いちきしまひめのみこと","Ichikishimahime no Mikoto","神聖な山に立つ大元神社は、伝統的に海と関連付けられている比売大神という女神（多岐津姫命、市杵嶋姫命、多紀理姫命）を祀っています。","Omoto Jinja Shrine that stands on the sacred mountain is dedicated to the Hime Okami goddesses (Tagitsuhime no Mikoto, Ichikishimahime no Mikoto, and Tagirihime no Mikoto) who are traditionally associated with the sea."]
[7520,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","多紀理姫命","たぎりひめのみこと","Tagirihime no Mikoto","神聖な山に立つ大元神社は、伝統的に海と関連付けられている比売大神という女神（多岐津姫命、市杵嶋姫命、多紀理姫命）を祀っています。","Omoto Jinja Shrine that stands on the sacred mountain is dedicated to the Hime Okami goddesses (Tagitsuhime no Mikoto, Ichikishimahime no Mikoto, and Tagirihime no Mikoto) who are traditionally associated with the sea."]
[7521,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","本殿","ほんでん","main sanctuary","ほとんどの神社には、正面に拝殿があり、その向こうに御祭神を祀る本殿がありますが、大元神社は拝殿のみで構成されており、山自体が本殿となっています。","Most shrines have a main sanctuary enshrining the deity with a prayer hall in front, but Omoto Shrine has only a prayer hall, while the mountain itself is the “sanctuary.”"]
[7522,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","拝殿","はいでん","prayer hall","ほとんどの神社には、正面に拝殿があり、その向こうに御祭神を祀る本殿がありますが、大元神社は拝殿のみで構成されており、山自体が本殿となっています。","Most shrines have a main sanctuary enshrining the deity with a prayer hall in front, but Omoto Shrine has only a prayer hall, while the mountain itself is the “sanctuary.”"]
[7523,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大元六坊","おおもとろくぼう","Omoto Rokubo","かつて宇佐神宮が神仏習合を行っていた頃、御許山には大元六坊（御許山の六つのお寺）もありました。","In the past, when Shinto and Buddhism were practiced in a syncretic fusion at Usa Jingu, Mt. Omoto was also home to the Omoto Rokubo, or “Six Temples of Mt. Omoto.”"]
[7524,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","海岸・岬","国東半島","くにさきはんとう","Kunisaki Peninsula","大元六坊は、総称して六郷満山と呼ばれる近くの国東半島にある寺院と深いつながりがありました。","The Omoto Rokubo had a deep connection with the temples on the nearby Kunisaki Peninsula collectively referred to as the Rokugo Manzan."]
[7525,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","大神比義命","おおがのひぎのみこと","Oga no Higi no Mikoto","八幡信仰の振興への貢献を称えて、大神比義は大神比義命として、末社の神様のような扱いで宇佐神宮の下宮に祀られています。","Oga no Higi is enshrined as the minor deity Oga no Higi no Mikoto in the Gegu (Lower Shrine) of Usa Jingu in honor of his contribution to the rise of Hachiman worship.","※人間と神のことを区別するため、前者は「Oga no Higi」、後者は「Oga no Higi no Mikoto」で表記。"]
[7526,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","大神神社","おおみわじんじゃ","Omiwa Jinja Shrine","大神比義は、当時の日本の首都だった奈良の近くにあった大神神社の神職の家に生まれたと言われています。","It is said that Oga no Higi was born into a family of Shinto priests at Omiwa Jinja Shrine near Nara, which was the capital of Japan at that time."]
[7527,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","人物・人名・役職名","欽明天皇","きんめいてんのう","Emperor Kinmei","568年、欽明天皇（509–571）の勅命により、宇佐地域での不思議な出来事について調査報告をするため、九州の宇佐を訪れました。","By order of Emperor Kinmei (509–571), he traveled to Usa in 568 to investigate reports of mysterious happenings in the area."]
[7528,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","河川・渓谷","駅館川","やっかんがわ","Yakkan River","伝説によれば八幡神はその後、鷹に姿を変え、708年に駅館川のほとりの松の木に飛んで来たと言われています。","According to legend, Hachiman later changed into a hawk and flew to a pine tree beside the Yakkan River in 708."]
[7529,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","鷹居社","たかいしゃ","Takaisha Shrine","怒った八幡神を静めるために、大神比義とある巫女が千日間祈り、八幡神のために鷹居社と呼ばれる適切な神社が鷹居山に建てられました。","In order to calm the enraged Hachiman, Oga no Higi and a priestess prayed for one thousand days, and a proper shrine called Takaisha was built for the deity on Mt. Takai."]
[7530,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","山岳","鷹居山","たかいやま","Mt. Takai","怒った八幡神を静めるために、大神比義とある巫女が千日間祈り、八幡神のために鷹居社と呼ばれる適切な神社が鷹居山に建てられました。","In order to calm the enraged Hachiman, Oga no Higi and a priestess prayed for one thousand days, and a proper shrine called Takaisha was built for the deity on Mt. Takai."]
[7531,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","その他","小山田の森","おやまだのもり","Oyamada Forest","鷹居社へ移ってから間もなく、八幡神はまたこの場所も騒々しすぎるとしているという託宣が下り、716年に八幡神はもっと静かな小山田の森の中の神社へ移されました。","Not long after the move to Takaisha, an oracle announced that Hachiman once again found the location too noisy, and the deity was transferred to a shrine in the quieter Oyamada Forest in 716."]
[7532,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","弥勒寺","みろくじ","Mirokuji Temple","何世紀にもわたって、宇佐神宮境内の一部は弥勒寺という寺院によって占められていましたが、その跡地は呉橋と八坂神社の間に現在も見ることができます。","For many centuries, part of the Usa Jingu shrine grounds was occupied by a large Buddhist temple called Mirokuji, the remains of which can still be seen between the Kurehashi Bridge and Yasaka Jinja Shrine."]
[7533,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","史跡","弥勒寺跡","みろくじあと","Site of Mirokuji Temple","弥勒寺跡","Site of Mirokuji Temple"]
[7534,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","弥勒禅院","みろくぜんいん","Mirokuzen’in Temple","弥勒寺の前身は弥勒禅院という古いお寺で、宇佐神宮の最初の御殿が725年に小椋山に建てられたすぐ後の738年に、小椋山と寄藻川の間の平野に移されました。","Mirokuji originated from an older temple called Mirokuzen’in, which was moved to the plain between Mt. Ogura and the Yorimo River in 738, not long after the first sanctuary of Usa Jingu was built on the mountain in 725."]
[7535,"大分県","宇佐地区まちづくり協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神宮寺","じんぐうじ","jinguji","ほどなくして弥勒寺は、神宮寺（神社と密接につながり、通常はその神社の境内または神社の近くにある寺院のこと）の最も初期の例の1つへと発展しました。","Mirokuji soon evolved into one of the earliest examples of a jinguji, a Buddhist temple closely connected to a Shinto shrine and usually located on or near the shrine grounds.","※「jinguji」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7536,"北海道","（大雪山国立公園）環境省北海道地方環境事務所","植物","木立","こだち","grove","エゾマツ、トドマツ、そしてダケカンバの木立が、豊かな火山性の土壌で力強く育ちました。","Groves of ancient Yezo spruce, Sakhalin fir, and Erman’s birch thrived in the rich volcanic soil. "]
[7537,"北海道","（大雪山国立公園）環境省北海道地方環境事務所","山岳","稜線","りょうせん","ridgeline","ウペペサンケ山の稜線は、ハイキングをする人には実に魅力的な様相を帯びています。","Long ridgelines make Mt. Upepesanke a hiker’s paradise. "]
[7538,"北海道","（大雪山国立公園）環境省北海道地方環境事務所","高原・湿原・原野","原生自然環境保全地域","げんせいしぜんかんきょうほぜんちいき","wilderness conservation areas","トドマツとエゾマツも、十勝川の源流の肥沃な火山性の土壌に育つ常緑樹です。ここは、日本で5か所しかない原生自然環境保全地域の1つです。","Sakhalin fir and Yezo spruce are among the evergreen trees that grow in the rich volcanic soil at the headwaters of the Tokachi River. The area is one of only five wilderness conservation areas in Japan. "]
[7539,"北海道","（大雪山国立公園）環境省北海道地方環境事務所","その他","安全に関する必須のレクチャー","あんぜんにかんするひっすのれくちゃー","mandatory safety lecture","出発前には、沼地のコース入り口にあるヒグマ情報センターで名簿に記入し、安全に関する必須のレクチャーを必ず受けてください。 ","Visitors should be sure to register at the Brown Bear Information Center at the marsh trailhead and attend the mandatory safety lecture before setting out. "]
[7540,"北海道","（大雪山国立公園）環境省北海道地方環境事務所","自然現象","柱状節理","ちゅうじょうせつり","columnar jointing","層雲峡や天人峡のそびえ立つ崖は、上から見ると蜂の巣の穴のように組み合わさる無数の岩の柱でできていることが分かります。この種の地理構造は柱状節理と呼ばれます。","The towering cliffs of Sounkyo and Tenninkyo gorges are made up of thousands of geometric columns of rock that fit together like the cells in a honeycomb when viewed from above. This type of geological structure is called columnar jointing. "]
[7541,"北海道","（大雪山国立公園）環境省北海道地方環境事務所","動物","北鳴兎","キタナキウサギ","northern pika","涼しい岩に覆われた傾斜部では、氷河期からの生き残りで丸い耳を持つウサギ目の小型の哺乳類、キタナキウサギの甲高い鳥のような鳴き声が時折聞こえてきます。 ","On cool, rocky slopes, visitors can sometimes hear the shrill, bird-like cry of the northern pika, a small, round-eared mammal of the rabbit family that is a survivor of the Ice Age. "]
[7542,"北海道","（大雪山国立公園）環境省北海道地方環境事務所","その他","長距離の数日コース","ちょうきょりのすうじつコース","long-distance multi-day treks","コースの難易度は実にさまざまで、簡単にアクセスできる遊歩道から険しく岩の多い地形を進む長距離の数日コースまであります。 ","The level of difficulty between trails varies, from easily accessible boardwalks to long-distance multi-day treks that traverse steep, rocky terrain. "]
[7543,"北海道","（大雪山国立公園）環境省北海道地方環境事務所","その他","登山記録簿","とざんきろくぼ","hiking registration form","登山口で記録簿に日程を記入しましょう。","Fill out a hiking registration form with your itinerary at the trailhead."]
[7544,"北海道","（大雪山国立公園）環境省北海道地方環境事務所","その他","水源がほとんどない","すいげんがほとんどない","scarcity of water","コース南側には水源がほとんどないことから、南側から北上するルートを選ぶハイカーが多いようです。","Because of the scarcity of water at the south end of the trail in summer, many hikers walk south to north. "]
[7545,"北海道","（大雪山国立公園）環境省北海道地方環境事務所","その他","保全活動","ほぜんかつどう","conservation initiatives","保全活動には、ボランティア活動、携帯トイレの利用促進、マイカー規制、ハイキングコースのグレード指定、寄付金集めなどが含まれます。","Conservation initiatives include volunteer activities, promoting the use of portable toilets, regulating private cars, the creation of a hiking trail grading system, and fundraising."]
[7546,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園協議会","自然現象","岩屑なだれ","がんせつなだれ","debris avalanches","このような岩屑なだれの勢いは、時速数百キロにも達することがあります。","Such debris avalanches can reach speeds of up to several hundred kilometers per hour. "]
[7547,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園協議会","植物","ミヤマハンノキ","みやまはんのき"," Miyama alder","養分に乏しい土壌でも素早く成長することで知られる先駆種の樹木であるミヤマハンノキの風に乗って移動する小さな種子が岩盤の地表に定着する場所を見つけると、この地域の長きにわたる森林への変容が始まりました。","Small wind-borne seeds of the Miyama alder, a pioneer tree species known for quick growth even in low-nutrient soil, found a hold on the rocky surface, and the area began the long transition to woodland. "]
[7548,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園協議会","高原・湿原・原野","蔦の森","つたのもり","Tsuta Forest","蔦の森の発達","The Development of the Tsuta Forest "]
[7549,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園協議会","植物","カバノキ","かばのき"," fir","なだれ発生後、気温は現在より６、７度低かったため、トウヒ・モミ・カバノキからなる亜高山性の森林が定着しました。","After the avalanche, temperatures were 6 or 7 degrees cooler than today, and a subalpine forest of spruce, fir, and birch trees took hold. "]
[7550,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園協議会","植物","オニグルミ","おにぐるみ","Japanese wingnut","やや乾燥した場所に生育するブナが最も目立ちますが、水源に近い場所ではオニグルミやセイヨウトチノキが見られ、湿地ではヤチダモがよく見られます。","Although the beech trees growing in the slightly drier areas may be the most visible, Japanese wingnut and Japanese horse chestnut trees can be found closer to water sources, while Manchurian ash trees tend to grow in the wetlands."]
[7551,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園協議会","植物","セイヨウトチノキ","せいようとちのき","Japanese horse chestnut trees","やや乾燥した場所に生育するブナが最も目立ちますが、水源に近い場所ではオニグルミやセイヨウトチノキが見られ、湿地ではヤチダモがよく見られます。","Although the beech trees growing in the slightly drier areas may be the most visible, Japanese wingnut and Japanese horse chestnut trees can be found closer to water sources, while Manchurian ash trees tend to grow in the wetlands."]
[7552,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園協議会","植物","ヤチダモ","やちだも","Manchurian ash trees","やや乾燥した場所に生育するブナが最も目立ちますが、水源に近い場所ではオニグルミやセイヨウトチノキが見られ、湿地ではヤチダモがよく見られます。","Although the beech trees growing in the slightly drier areas may be the most visible, Japanese wingnut and Japanese horse chestnut trees can be found closer to water sources, while Manchurian ash trees tend to grow in the wetlands."]
[7553,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園協議会","動物","カケス","かけす","Eurasian jay","カケス (kakesu; Garrulus glandarius)","Eurasian jay (kakesu; Garrulus glandarius)"]
[7554,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園協議会","動物","エゾハルゼミ","えぞはるぜみ","Ezo-haru cicada","エゾハルゼミ (ezoharuzemi; Terpnosia nigricosta)","Ezo-haru cicada (ezoharuzemi; Terpnosia nigricosta)"]
[7555,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園協議会","植物","キクザキイチゲ","きくざきいちげ","Kikuzaki-ichige anemone","キクザキイチゲ (kikuzaki-ichige; Anemone pseudoaltaica)","Kikuzaki-ichige anemone (kikuzaki-ichige; Anemone pseudoaltaica)"]
[7556,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園協議会","植物","ツキヨダケ","つきよだけ","Moonlight mushroom","ツキヨダケ (tsukiyotake; Omphalotus japonicus)","Moonlight mushroom (tsukiyotake; Omphalotus japonicus)"]
[7557,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園協議会","植物","ハイイヌガヤ","はいいぬがや","cowtail pine","ハイイヌガヤ(haiinugaya; Cephalotaxus harringtonii)は針のような葉を持つ丈の低い常緑樹です。","The cowtail pine (haiinugaya; Cephalotaxus harringtonii) is a short evergreen tree with needle-like leaves."]
[7558,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園協議会","植物","ヤマブドウ","やまぶどう","crimson glory","ヤマブドウ (yamabudo; Vitis coignetiae) とサルナシ（sarunashi; Actinidia arguta）は、森の全域で見られる2種のつる植物です。","Two species of vine flourish throughout the Tsuta Forest: the crimson glory (yamabudo; Vitis coignetiae) and the hardy kiwi (sarunashi; Actinidia arguta). "]
[7559,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園協議会","湖沼","瓢箪沼","ひょうたんぬま","Hyotannuma","瓢箪沼（ひょうたんぬま）：かつてはひょうたん型だったこの沼は、環境が湿原へと移行するにつれ小さくなっています。","Hyotannuma: This swamp, once shaped like a gourd (hyotan), is shrinking as it turns into marshland."]
[7560,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園協議会","湖沼","菅沼","すげぬま","Sugenuma","菅沼（すげぬま）：この人工の沼の西端は、乾いた土地へと移行する前の段階の木が点在する湿地です。","Sugenuma: The western end of this artificially created swamp is a tree-dotted marshland that is in the preliminary stage of becoming dry land."]
[7561,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園協議会","湖沼","長沼","ながぬま","Naganuma","長沼（ながぬま）：この沼の大きさは季節や降雨に応じて拡大縮小します。","Naganuma: The size of this swamp expands and contracts depending on the season and the rainfall."]
[7562,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園協議会","湖沼","月沼","つきぬま","Tsukinuma","月沼（つきぬま）：森に囲まれたこの小さな沼は湧水を水源としています。","Tsukinuma: This small swamp, surrounded by forest, is fed by spring water."]
[7563,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園協議会","湖沼","鏡沼","かがみぬま","Kagaminuma","鏡沼（かがみぬま）： 月沼から水を引いて作られたもうひとつの人工沼です。水が流れ出ている場所の近くにある橋からはイワナを見るのに良いスポットです。","Kagaminuma: This is another artificial swamp, created by diverting the water from Tsukinuma. The bridge near the outlet is a good place for viewing white-spotted char."]
[7564,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園協議会","湖沼","蔦沼","つたぬま","Tsutanuma","蔦沼（つたぬま）：六沼の中で最も大きなこの沼は、この地域の景観を作った岩屑なだれの発生源である赤倉岳の景色を望むのに最高の場所です。","Tsutanuma: The largest of the six swamps, this one also has the best view of Mt. Akakura, the origin of the debris avalanche that created the area’s landscape."]
[7565,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園協議会","庭園・公園","蔦野鳥の森","つたやちょうのもり","Tsuta Bird Sanctuary","蔦野鳥の森へようこそ！","Welcome to the Tsuta Bird Sanctuary"]
[7566,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園協議会","温泉","蔦温泉","つたおんせん","Tsuta Onsen","蔦温泉：千年にわたる温泉の歴史","Tsuta Onsen: One Thousand Years of Hot-Spring History"]
[7567,"岩手県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園碁石海岸地域協議会","海岸・岬","乱暴谷","らんぼうや","Ramboya Gorge","雷岩と海岸の間の乱曝谷では、青い海と打ち寄せる波の白い泡がドラマチックなコントラストを生み出しています。","Between the rock and the shore is Ramboya Gorge, where the blue sea and the white foam of the crashing waves create a dramatic contrast."]
[7568,"岩手県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園碁石海岸地域協議会","海岸・岬","リアス式海岸","りあすしきかいがん","ria coast","また、展望台からは北の方角に広がる入り組んだリアス式海岸のパノラマの景色も望めます。","The observatory also offers a panoramic view of the rugged ria coast to the north."]
[7569,"岩手県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園碁石海岸地域協議会","植物","防風林","ぼうふうりん","windbreak","展望台からは、江戸時代（1603–1867)に防風林として植えられた松林を通って海岸沿いに続く道を少し歩きます。"," From the observatory, the trail continues a short distance along the coast through a pine forest planted as a windbreak during the Edo period (1603–1867)."]
[7570,"岩手県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園碁石海岸地域協議会","動物","ウミウ","うみう","Japanese cormorant","海岸の岩肌には、カモメやウミウなどの海鳥が生息しています。","The rock faces along the shore are home to seabirds, such as black-tailed gulls and Japanese cormorants."]
[7571,"岩手県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園碁石海岸地域協議会","その他","本州","ほんしゅう","mainland","真っ白な碁石埼灯台が太平洋を見下ろす松林の間で際立ち、岬の展望デッキからは海から昇る朝日と、入り江と本州の向こうに沈む夕日を眺めることができます。","The chalk-white Goishizaki Lighthouse stands out among the pines overlooking the Pacific, while the observation deck on the promontory offers views of the sunrise over the ocean and the sunset over the inlet and the mainland.","※今回は入り江（the inlet）に対する本州としてthe mainlandを使用。四国（Shikoku）や九州（Kyushu）と区別させる文意の場合などはHonshuとしても。"]
[7572,"岩手県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園碁石海岸地域協議会","海岸・岬","碁石岬","ごいしみさき","Cape Goishimisaki","船はインフォメーションセンターの南西にある碁石浜から出発し、碁石岬を回り込んで雷岩に向かいます。","The boats leave Goishihama Beach, southwest of the Information Center, and make their way around Cape Goishimisaki to Kaminariiwa Rock."]
[7573,"岩手県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園碁石海岸地域協議会","岩石・洞窟","穴通磯","あなとおしいそ","Anatoshi-iso Rock","船のルートは大浜と伝説の鬼が掘ったと言われる洞穴のそばを通過し、沖合にある3つの海食アーチを持つ珍しい形の岩、穴通磯へと続きます。","The boat route continues past Ohama Beach and a cave said to have been carved by a legendary ogre, before arriving at Anatoshi-iso Rock, an unusual formation of three sea arches in one offshore rock."]
[7574,"岩手県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園碁石海岸地域協議会","レジャー・アクティビティ","みちのく潮風トレイル","みちのくしおかぜとれいる","Michinoku Coastal Trail","展望台までは近くの駐車場から歩いてすぐですが、このインフォメーションセンターからみちのく潮風トレイルを90分ほど歩いて向かうこともできます。","The observatory is a short walk from a nearby parking lot, or it can be reached via a 90-minute hike on the Michinoku Coastal Trail from this Information Center."]
[7575,"岩手県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園碁石海岸地域協議会","植物","ハマギク","はまぎく","Nippon daisy\n(hamagiku)","ハマギク\nハマギクは三陸沿岸の植物として良く知られています。","Nippon daisy (hamagiku; Nipponanthemum nipponicum)\nThe Nippon daisy is a plant closely identified with the Sanriku coast. ","※「hamagiku」は日本名のため斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現とし\nて、英名「Nippon daisy」を冒頭に記載。「Nipponanthemum nipponicum」は学名。"]
[7576,"岩手県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園碁石海岸地域協議会","植物","コハマギク","こはまぎく","Kohamagiku","コハマギク\nこの秋の花は三陸海岸のやや内陸部に生育しています。","Kohamagiku (Chrysanthemum yezoense Maekawa)\nThis autumn flower is found slightly inland along the Sanriku coast.","※「Kohamagiku」は日本名のため斜体で表記。英名がないため日本名を冒頭に記載。「Chrysanthemum yezoense Maekawa」は学名"]
[7577,"岩手県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園碁石海岸地域協議会","植物","ゼンテイカ/ニッコウキスゲ","ぜんていか／にっこうきすげ","Yellow daylily (zenteika/nikkokisuge)","ゼンテイカ/ニッコウキスゲ\n花の形は似ているものの、この多年草は英名に反してユリの仲間ではありません。","Yellow daylily (zenteika/nikkokisuge; Hemerocallis middendorffii var. esculenta)\nDespite its English name, this perennial plant is not a lily, though the flowers have a similar shape.","※「zenteika/nikkokisuge」は日本名のため斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現とし\nて、英名「Yellow daylily」を冒頭に記載。「Hemerocallis middendorffii var. esculenta」は学名。"]
[7578,"岩手県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園碁石海岸地域協議会","植物","スカシユリ","すかしゆり","Thunberg lily (sukashiyuri)","スカシユリ\nこのユリは三陸海岸沿いの岩場や砂地によく生育しています。","Thunberg lily (sukashiyuri; Lilium maculatum)\nThese lilies are often found growing on rocks and sandy soil along the Sanriku coast. ","※「sukashiyuri」は日本名のため斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現とし\nて、英名「Thunberg lily」を冒頭に記載。「Lilium maculatum」は学名。"]
[7579,"岩手県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園碁石海岸地域協議会","植物","ツリガネニンジン","つりがねにんじん","Japanese lady bell (tsuriganeninjin)","ツリガネニンジン\n夏から秋にかけて、碁石海岸ではこの薄紫色あるいは白色の小さな釣鐘型の花が茎から下向きに垂れ下がって咲いているのが見られます。","Japanese lady bell (tsuriganeninjin; Adenophora triphylla var. japonica)\nFrom summer to autumn along the Goishi Coast, these small, bell-shaped flowers of light purple or white can be seen hanging downward on their stems. ","※「tsuriganeninjin」は日本名のため斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現とし\nて、英名「Japanese lady bell」を冒頭に記載。「Adenophora triphylla var. japonica」は学名。"]
[7580,"岩手県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園碁石海岸地域協議会","植物","カタクリ","かたくり","Asian fawn lily (katakuri)","カタクリ\n春に花を咲かせるこの植物は、碁石海岸のあちこちに群落を形成しています。","Asian fawn lily (katakuri; Erythronium japonicum)\nColonies of this plant, whose flowers bloom in spring, are found up and down the Goishi Coast.","※「katakuri」は日本名のため斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現とし\nて、英名「Asian fawn lily」を冒頭に記載。「Erythronium japonicum」は学名。"]
[7581,"岩手県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園碁石海岸地域協議会","植物","カキラン","かきらん","Helleborine (kakiran)","カキラン\nこのラン科の植物は、日当たりのよい湿地に生息し、夏に花を咲かせます。","Helleborine (kakiran; Epipactis thunbergii)\nThis member of the orchid family is found in sunny wetlands, where it blooms in summer.","※「kakiran」は日本名のため斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現とし\nて、英名「Helleborine」を冒頭に記載。「Epipactis thunbergii」は学名。"]
[7582,"岩手県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園碁石海岸地域協議会","植物","ササバギンラン","ササバギンラン","Sword-leaved helleborine (sasabaginran)","ササバギンラン\nこのランは細長い葉を持ち、茎の先端に小さな白い花を数個咲かせます。","Sword-leaved helleborine (sasabaginran; Cephalanthera longibracteata)\nThis orchid has long, slender leaves and several small white flowers at the top of the stem.","※「sasabaginran」は日本名のため斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現とし\nて、英名「Sword-leaved helleborine」を冒頭に記載。「Cephalanthera longibracteata」は学名。"]
[7583,"岩手県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園碁石海岸地域協議会","植物","ハマハイビャクシン","はまはいびゃくしん","Juniper (hamahaibyakushin)","ハマハイビャクシン\nこの海岸に生育する常緑低木は、海岸沿いの岩場に這うようにして生えています。","Juniper (hamahaibyakushin; Juniperus chinensis)\nThis coastal evergreen shrub grows like a creeper on the rocks along the coast. Its low, horizontal profile helps it resist strong winds.","※「hamahaibyakushin」は日本名のため斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現とし\nて、英名「Juniper」を冒頭に記載。「Juniperus chinensis」は学名。"]
[7584,"岩手県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園碁石海岸地域協議会","植物","ヤマユリ","やまゆり","Goldband lily (yamayuri)","ヤマユリ\nこの夏に花を咲かせる植物は、碁石海岸でよく見られます。","Goldband lily (yamayuri; Lilium auratum Lindl.)\nThis summer-blooming plant is often seen along the Goishi Coast.","※「yamayuri」は日本名のため斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現とし\nて、英名「Goldband lily」を冒頭に記載。「Lilium auratum Lindl.」は学名。"]
[7585,"岩手県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園碁石海岸地域協議会","植物","ヤブツバキ","やぶつばき","Japanese camellia (yabutsubaki)","ヤブツバキ\nこの野生種のツバキは大船渡市の市の花です。","Japanese camellia (yabutsubaki; Camellia japonica)\nThis wild species of camellia is the official flower of the city of Ofunato.","※「yabutsubaki」は日本名のため斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現とし\nて、英名「Japanese camellia」を冒頭に記載。「Camellia japonica」は学名。"]
[7586,"岩手県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園碁石海岸地域協議会","その他","東日本大震災","ひがしにほんだいしんさい","Great East Japan Earthquake (and tsunami)","この国立公園は、2011年3月11日に発生した東日本大震災からの復興を支援する取り組みの一環として、既存の3つの公園を合併する形で設立されました。","The park was created by merging three existing parks as part of efforts to help the region recover after the devastating Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami of March 11, 2011.","※三陸復興国立公園では津波の被害も受けたため、ここでは東日本大震災に津波の語も加えている。"]
[7587,"岩手県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園碁石海岸地域協議会","海岸・岬","断崖絶壁","だんがいぜっぺき","towering cliffs","国立公園北部は、海岸の段丘や連なる断崖絶壁が特徴（この地域は「海のアルプス」と呼ばれています）で、南部は入り組んだリアス海岸で知られています。","The northern section of the park is noted for coastal terraces and towering cliffs—the nickname of the area is “Alps of the Sea”—while the southern section is known for its convoluted ria coast."]
[7588,"岩手県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園碁石海岸地域協議会","植物","高山植物","こうざんしょくぶつ","alpine plants","また、地元で「やませ」と呼ばれる夏に吹く東風が涼しく湿った空気を運んでくるこの地域の気候は、高山植物に非常に適しています。","The easterly summer winds locally known as yamase bring cool, moist air to the region, making the climate ideal for alpine plants."]
[7589,"岩手県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園碁石海岸地域協議会","自然現象","地殻変動","ちかくへんどう","tectonic plate movement ","碁石海岸を含む国立公園南部にあたる土地は、約4億年前の地殻変動によって北に運ばれてくる前は、赤道付近に位置していました。","The land that forms the southern section of the park, including the Goishi Coast, was located near the equator before tectonic plate movement carried it north around 400 million years ago."]
[7590,"岩手県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園碁石海岸地域協議会","その他","ひょうたん型の","ひょうたんがたの","gourd-shaped","近くに位置する大槌町のシンボルであるひょうたんの形をした小さな蓬莱島は、碁石の北東34kmにある肥沃な湾に浮かんでいます。","Small, gourd-shaped Horaijima Island, a symbol of the nearby town of Otsuchi, lies in the middle of a fertile bay 34 kilometers northeast of the Goishi Coast."]
[7591,"岩手県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園碁石海岸地域協議会","人物・人名・役職名","弁財天","べんざいてん","deity Benzaiten","岩の上には真っ赤な灯台と、地元の漁師たちが幸運と安全な航海のために祈りを捧げる神、弁財天を祀った神社があります。","Perched on the rocks are a bright red lighthouse and a shrine dedicated to the deity Benzaiten, to whom local fishermen pray for good fortune and safe sailing."]
[7592,"岩手県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園碁石海岸地域協議会","植物","カシワ","かしわ","Japanese emperor oak","トレイルは尾根に沿ってカシワの自然林、マルバダケブキの原、そしていたるところに生えているツバキの間を通り、灯台に向かう最後の登り道にたどり着きます。"," A trail follows the ridge through a natural forest of Japanese emperor oak, fields of summer ragwort, and an abundance of camellias before the final climb to the lighthouse."]
[7593,"岩手県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園碁石海岸地域協議会","植物","マルバダケブキ","まるばだけぶき","summer ragwort","トレイルは尾根に沿ってカシワの自然林、マルバダケブキの原、そしていたるところに生えているツバキの間を通り、灯台に向かう最後の登り道にたどり着きます。"," A trail follows the ridge through a natural forest of Japanese emperor oak, fields of summer ragwort, and an abundance of camellias before the final climb to the lighthouse."]
[7594,"岩手県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園碁石海岸地域協議会","建造物等","大気環境観測所","たいきかんきょうかんそくじょ","air quality observatory","半島の真ん中には気象庁が運営する日本で最初につくられた大気環境観測所があり、ここでは1970年から地球の気候変動の原因となる温室効果ガスの濃度を測定しています。","The Japan Meteorological Agency operates the country’s oldest air quality observatory in the middle of the peninsula, where it has been measuring concentrations of greenhouse gases, a cause of global climate change, since 1970."]
[7595,"岩手県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園碁石海岸地域協議会","岩石・洞窟","糞化石","ふんかせき","guano","沖合には、島に生える常緑の松の木々にちなんで名付けられた青松島と、ウミネコの繁殖地であり、その糞化石で覆われている椿島があります。","Just off the coast lie Aomatsushima Island, named after its evergreen pine trees, and Tsubakishima Island, a breeding ground for black-tailed gulls that is covered with their guano."]
[7596,"岩手県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園碁石海岸地域協議会","その他","復興施策","ふっこうしさく","revitalization initiative","このハイキングコースは、2011年3月11日に沿岸の多くの地域に大きな被害をもたらした東日本大震災の発生後、環境省による復興施策の一環として設定されました。","This marked hiking trail was developed as a revitalization initiative by the Ministry of the Environment after the Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami of March 11, 2011, ravaged many areas of the coast."]
[7597,"岩手県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園碁石海岸地域協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","獅子舞","ししまい","lion dance","大槌町では6つの団体が獅子舞をはじめとするさまざまな演目を披露しています。","Six groups in Otsuchi take part in various performances, including the lion dance."]
[7598,"岩手県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園碁石海岸地域協議会","その他","無形民俗文化財","むけいみんぞくぶんかざい"," Intangible Folk Cultural Property","市の無形民俗文化財に指定されています。","It has been designated an Intangible Folk Cultural Property by the city."]
[7599,"岩手県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園碁石海岸地域協議会","食","ジビエ（鹿肉）","じびえ（しかにく）","gibier (venison)","大槌ジビエ（鹿肉）\n大槌町の山間部ではハンターが増え続ける鹿の数を抑制しなければならず、その結果、この美味しい鹿肉が「岩手ジビエ」のブランド名で販売されています。","Otsuchi gibier (venison)\nHunters in the mountains of Otsuchi must manage the burgeoning deer population, and the result is this tasty venison, marketed under the “Iwate Gibier” brand name."]
[7600,"岩手県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園碁石海岸地域協議会","食","ワカメ","わかめ","Wakame seaweed","ワカメ\n三陸わかめは、三陸沿岸各地の入り江で栽培されている歯ごたえのある海藻の一種です。","Wakame seaweed\nSanriku wakame is a type of crunchy seaweed cultivated in inlets up and down the Sanriku coast."]
[7601,"岩手県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園碁石海岸地域協議会","食","フカヒレ","ふかひれ","Shark’s fin","フカヒレ\n天日干しのフカヒレはこの地方特有の海産物で、その歴史は江戸時代(1603–1867)にまで遡ります。","Shark’s fin\nSun-dried shark’s fin is a marine product unique to this region, with a history dating back to the Edo period (1603–1867)."]
[7602,"岩手県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園碁石海岸地域協議会","動物","オオセグロカモメ","おおせぐろかもめ","slaty-backed gull","崖には、晩春から初夏にかけて繁殖期を迎えるウミネコとオオセグロカモメや、崖下の海に潜って魚を捕まえるウミウが生息しています。","The cliffs are home to black-tailed gulls and slaty-backed gulls, whose breeding season lasts from late spring to early summer, and Japanese cormorants, which dive for fish in the waters below."]
[7603,"岩手県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園碁石海岸地域協議会","植物","タブノキ","たぶのき","Japanese bay tree","島全域が密なタブノキの森に覆われています。","The entire island is covered with a dense forest of Japanese bay trees."]
[7604,"岩手県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園碁石海岸地域協議会","その他","国指定鳥獣保護区","くにしていちょうじゅうほごく","National Wildlife Protection Area","この島は天然記念物に指定されており、また、1981年11月からは国指定鳥獣保護区でもあります。","It is a designated Natural Monument of cultural assets, and, from November 1981, a National Wildlife Protection Area."]
[7605,"岩手県","（三陸復興国立公園）三陸復興国立公園碁石海岸地域協議会","動物","ヒメクロウミツバメ","ヒメクロウミツバメ","Swinhoe’s storm petrel","この時以降、この島はヒメクロウミツバメ、コシジロウミツバメ、クロコシジロウミツバメ、オオミズナキドリといった水鳥の保護・繁殖地の役割を担っています。","Since then, the island has served as a sanctuary and breeding ground for water seabirds such as Swinhoe’s storm petrel, Leach’s storm petrel, the band-rumped storm petrel, and the streaked shearwater."]
[7606,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）浄土平集団施設地区運営協議会","テーマ施設等","浄土平ビジターセンター","じょうどだいらびじたーせんたー","Jododaira Visitor Center","浄土平ビジターセンターは、磐梯朝日国立公園の浄土平エリアを探索するのに便利な拠点です。ここからつながっているトレッキングコースは湿地、沼、森林、山頂、そして火山の火口壁へと続いています。","The Jododaira Visitor Center is a convenient base for exploring the Jododaira area of Bandai-Asahi National Park. Trails lead out toward wetlands, ponds, and forests, to mountain peaks, and to the craters of volcanoes. "]
[7607,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）浄土平集団施設地区運営協議会","郷土景観","磐梯吾妻スカイライン","ばんだいあづますかいらいん","Bandai-Azuma Skyline","山岳、湖、湿地、火口壁は、磐梯朝日国立公園の吾妻連峰を蛇行する長さ29キロの磐梯吾妻スカイライン（観光道路）から見える印象的な景色の一部です。","Mountains, lakes, wetlands, and volcanic craters are part of the striking scenery along the 29-kilometer Bandai-Azuma Skyline, the sightseeing road that winds through the Azuma mountain range in Bandai-Asahi National Park. "]
[7608,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）浄土平集団施設地区運営協議会","岩石・洞窟","スコリア","すこりあ","scoria","吾妻小富士の傾斜は荒涼とした外観で、緩い土砂や小石、スコリア（火山岩）に包まれています。環境は植物に適していませんが、一部の丈夫な種は、この乾燥土でも生き延びることができます。","The slopes of Mt. Azuma-Kofuji appear desolate, covered mainly with loose sand, gravel, and scoria (volcanic rock). The conditions are not ideal for plant life, but some hardy species are able to survive in the dry soil. "]
[7609,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）浄土平集団施設地区運営協議会","植物","コメススキ","こめすすき","wavy hairgrass","この辺りには火山ガスが漂っているものの、一部の草木は個の環境でも育つことができます。コメススキ、イタドリ、クロマメノキ、ガンコウランなどです。","Some grasses and shrubs are able to grow on parts of the mountain despite the presences of volcanic gases. These include wavy hairgrass, Japanese knotweed, bog bilberry, and a Japanese subspecies of the crowberry."]
[7610,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）浄土平集団施設地区運営協議会","その他","噴火警戒システム","ふんかけいかいしすてむ","volcanic alert system","気象庁では、5段階の噴火警戒システムを使って活火山を分類しています。レベル1が最下、レベル5が最高警戒レベルです。","The Japan Meteorological Agency classifies active volcanoes using a five-level volcanic alert system. Level one is the lowest, and level five is the highest. "]
[7611,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）浄土平集団施設地区運営協議会","植物","オオシラビソ","おおしらびそ","Maries’ fir (Abies mariesii)","この孤立した湿地帯は山々に囲まれ、オオシラビソの原生林に隣接しています。","These isolated wetlands are encircled by mountains and bordered by a virgin forest of Maries’ fir (Abies mariesii). "]
[7612,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）浄土平集団施設地区運営協議会","植物","アズマホシクサ（Eriocaulon takae)","あずまほしくさ（Eriocaulon takae)","Azuma hoshikusa (Eriocaulon takae)","春・夏・秋には、鎌沼（1,760m）の野草に惹かれるように人々がやってきます。ここを訪れた際には、8月から9月にかけて花を咲かせる、珍しい原生のアズマホシクサ（Eriocaulon takae）を目にすることができます。","Wildflowers draw visitors to Kamanuma (1,760 m) in spring, summer, and fall. The rare native Azuma hoshikusa (Eriocaulon takae) flowers in August and September, each thin stem topped with a tiny star-like bud. "]
[7613,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）浄土平集団施設地区運営協議会","自然現象","天の川","あまのがわ","Milky Way","大抵の晴れた日には、約6,000個の星、月、天の川、そして多くの惑星を、磐梯朝日国立公園 内のこの場所から肉眼で見ることができるかもしれません。","On most clear nights, some 6,000 stars, the moon, the Milky Way, and many planets are visible to the naked eye from this part of Bandai-Asahi National Park. "]
[7614,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）浄土平集団施設地区運営協議会","植物","ゴヨウマツ（アズマゴヨウマツ；Pinus parviflora）","ごようまつ（あずまごようまつ；Pinus parviflora）","Azuma goyomatsu white pine (Pinus parviflora)","この辺りの森林は、ほとんどが亜高山性針葉樹林です。ゴヨウマツ（アズマゴヨウマツ；Pinus parviflora）は、吾妻連峰に原生するシロマツの亜種です。盆栽に広く使用される種です。","The Azuma goyomatsu white pine (Pinus parviflora) is a subspecies native to the Azuma mountain range. It is commonly used for bonsai. "]
[7615,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）浄土平集団施設地区運営協議会","植物","森林地帯","しんりんちたい","wooded area","この森林地帯は、浄土平エリアの探索や吾妻小富士や一切経山のトレッキングに便利な拠点となっています。","This wooded area is a convenient base for exploring the Jododaira area and hiking Mt. Higashi-Azuma and Mt. Issaikyo. "]
[7616,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）浄土平集団施設地区運営協議会","動物","オコジョ","おこじょ","stoat","オコジョは野ネズミ、ウサギ、野鳥などで生き延びることができ、ホシガラスは蓄えてある松ぼっくりで生き抜くことができます。","Birds and animals such as stoats (short-tailed weasels), wild rabbits, and spotted nutcrackers have the Jododaira area all to themselves. "]
[7617,"新潟県・長野県","（妙高戸隠連山国立公園）環境省信越自然環境事務所","植物","ハクサンコザクラ","はくさんこざくら","wedgeleaf primrose","豪雪のおかげで、ハクサンコザクラのような通常は標高の高い場所に生息する希少な高山植物が生息している。","Thanks to the heavy snowfalls, some of the mountains in this area can support rare alpine plant species that normally live at higher altitudes, such as the wedgeleaf primrose."]
[7618,"新潟県・長野県","（妙高戸隠連山国立公園）環境省信越自然環境事務所","建造物等","雪割板","ゆきわりいた","snow-splitting boards","これは「雪割板」 と呼ばれ、屋根の中心線に沿って雪のまとまりを崩すことで、屋根から雪を滑り落ちやすくする。","Called “snow-splitting boards” (yukiwari-ita), they help snow to slide off the roof more easily by breaking its cohesion along the center line."]
[7619,"新潟県・長野県","（妙高戸隠連山国立公園）環境省信越自然環境事務所","山岳","噴石丘","ふんせききゅう","cinder cone","この段階では、カルデラの中心部から火山岩や火山灰が噴出し、噴石丘が形成された。","During this phase, volcanic rock and ash spewed from the center of the caldera, forming a cinder cone."]
[7620,"新潟県・長野県","（妙高戸隠連山国立公園）環境省信越自然環境事務所","岩石・洞窟","洞窟","どうくつ","grotto(s) ","ここは、かつて僧侶たちが隠遁生活を送りながら修行をした洞窟のひとつである。","This is one of many grottos where monks once lived in isolation and practiced Buddhist austerities. ","※単数形は「grotto」複数形は「grottos」"]
[7621,"新潟県・長野県","（妙高戸隠連山国立公園）環境省信越自然環境事務所","動物","オオルリボオシヤンマ","おおるりぼおしやんま","Siberian hawker","池のほとりでオオルリボオシヤンマや、エゾイトンボと呼ばれる青色のトンボを見つけることができる。","Visitors may spot dragonflies like the Siberian hawker and a species of Eurasian bluet called ezoitotonbo along the pond’s shores."]
[7622,"新潟県・長野県","（妙高戸隠連山国立公園）環境省信越自然環境事務所","植物","クマザサ","くまざさ","Veitch’s bamboo","クマザサの葉に酢飯をのせ、山菜や椎茸、クルミなどの山の幸をトッピングしたタイプの寿司である。","This variation on sushi is made by topping leaves of Veitch’s bamboo (kumazasa) with vinegared rice and ingredients gathered from the mountain forests: seasoned wild vegetables (sansai), shiitake mushrooms, or walnuts."]
[7623,"新潟県・長野県","（妙高戸隠連山国立公園）環境省信越自然環境事務所","動物","赤ザリガニ","あかざりがに","red swamp crayfish","来種には、赤ザリガニやブラックバスなどが含まれ、どちらも生息地を共にするカエルや魚と競合し、場合によっては食べてしまうこともある。","Invasive animals include red swamp crayfish and black bass, both of which compete against (and in some cases consume) the frogs and fish that share their habitats."]
[7624,"新潟県・長野県","（妙高戸隠連山国立公園）環境省信越自然環境事務所","史跡","東京開成学校","とうきょうかいせいがっこう","Tokyo Kaisei School","1875年、東京開成学校（東京大学に統合された2つの大学のうちの1つ）に入学した。","In 1875, he entered Tokyo Kaisei School (one of two colleges that merged to form the University of Tokyo)."]
[7625,"長野県・岐阜県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","砦","とりで","mountain fortification ","信玄公の砦があった場所は、池尻湿原の遊歩道から湿原の西側の尾根に向かって約350m登る短い脇道を通って行くことができます。","The site of Shingen’s mountain fortification is accessible from the Ikejiri Marsh Trail along a short side path that climbs roughly 350 meters to the ridgeline west of the marsh."]
[7626,"長野県・岐阜県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","植物","梓の木","あずさのき","Japanese cherry birch","梓川の名は、弓の材料として珍重された梓の木に由来するという説があります。","The river is said to take its name from the azusa tree (Japanese cherry birch), which was prized for bow-making. "]
[7627,"長野県・岐阜県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","自然現象","森林限界","しんりんげんかい","timberline","エコーラインを登ると、標高2,500m付近で森林限界を超える","Travelers ascending the Echo Line pass above the timberline at around 2,500 meters"]
[7628,"長野県・岐阜県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","亀甲砂礫","きっこうされき","patterned ground","この池は、凍結と融解を繰り返すことで土壌が六角形になり、亀の甲羅の模様に似ている「亀甲砂礫」が発見されたことから名付けられました。","This pond was named following the discovery of “patterned ground,” a geological formation where repeated freezing and thawing shapes the soil into hexagons that resemble the pattern on turtle shells."]
[7629,"長野県・岐阜県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","その他","落書き","らくがき","graffiti","落書きではなく、あなたの感謝の精神（自然を敬う気持ち）を残してください。","Please leave behind your gracious spirit, not graffiti. Property damage is a crime."]
[7630,"長野県・岐阜県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","動物","捕食者","ほしょくしゃ","predators","落ちているパンくずでさえ、キツネ、テン、カラスなどの捕食者を引き寄せる可能性があり、ライチョウにとっては致命的な結果になりかねません。","Even a dropped crumb can attract predators such as foxes, martens, and crows—with potentially fatal results for the rock ptarmigan. ","※「predators」は複数形、「predator」は単数形"]
[7631,"長野県・岐阜県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","その他","フラッシュ撮影","ふらっしゅさつえい","flash photography","フラッシュ撮影は避けましょう。","Avoid flash photography."]
[7632,"長野県・岐阜県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","食","ウド","うど","Japanese spikenard","ゼンマイ、細竹、ウド、フキ、ナメコなどの山菜がよく使われます。","Asian royal ferns (zenmai), slender bamboo shoots (hosotake), Japanese spikenard (udo), butterbur (fuki), and nameko mushrooms are common additions."]
[7633,"長野県・岐阜県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","岩窟","がんくつ","rock shelters","円空（1632-1695）や木喰（1718-1810）などの修行僧（山伏）が修験の旅として乗鞍岳を訪れ、小屋や岩窟に宿泊していました。","Mountain ascetics (yamabushi) such as Enkū (1632–1695) and Mokujiki (1718–1810) visited Mt. Norikura on spiritual journeys, lodging in huts or rock shelters. "]
[7634,"長野県・岐阜県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","その他","高山病","こうざんびょう","altitude sickness"," 高山病の原因は、寒さや疲労、空気中の酸素飽和度の低下などです。","Cold temperatures, fatigue, and the lower oxygen saturation of the air are key factors in altitude sickness. "]
[7635,"長野県・岐阜県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","植物","ダケカンバ","ダケカンバ","Erman’s birch","北アルプスでは、シラカバとダケカンバの2種類の樺が有名です。","Two birch species are most prominent in the Northern Japanese Alps: the white birch, called shirakaba (Betula platyphylla), and Erman’s birch, called dakekanba (Betula ermanii)."]
[7636,"長野県・岐阜県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","その他","花粉交配者","かふんこうはいしゃ","pollinators ","その花粉を求めて昆虫や他の花粉交配者が集まり繁栄し、その昆虫たちを求めて鳥が低地から飛来するのです。","Insects and other pollinators thrive on their pollen, and birds fly up from lower altitudes to feed on the insects."]
[7637,"長野県・岐阜県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","その他","ご来光","ごらいこう","mountaintop sunrise ","今では、初期の登山者が経験したような危険な目に遭うことなく、乗鞍岳の最高地点からのご来光を体験することができます。","Today, visitors can experience a mountaintop sunrise from the highest point of Mt. Norikura without facing the dangers or hardships experienced by early climbers. "]
[7638,"長野県・岐阜県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","建造物等","乗鞍観測所","のりくらかんそくじょ","Norikura Observatory","1953年、この地に東京大学宇宙線観測所（現・乗鞍観測所）が建設されました。","In 1953, the Cosmic Ray Observatory of the University of Tokyo (now the Norikura Observatory) was built on the site. "]
[7639,"長野県・岐阜県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","その他","ジグザグ道","じぐざぐみち","switchback road","例えば、狭いジグザグ道（スイッチバック）はまだ舗装されておらず、常に落っこちたばかりの石でふさがっていたため、前に進むため、車掌はバスから降りて石を取り除かなければならなりませんでした。","For instance, the narrow switchback road was still unpaved and constantly blocked by newly fallen rocks, so the conductors had to disembark and remove them to proceed. "]
[7640,"長野県・岐阜県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","植物","ハクサンイチゲ","ハクサンイチゲ","narcissus anemone","ハクサンイチゲも黄色と白の花で、高さ30〜60cmの房状になります。","The narcissus anemone (hakusanichige), another yellow-and-white flower, grows in clusters reaching 30 to 60 centimeters high."]
[7641,"長野県・岐阜県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","乗鞍本宮","のりくらほんぐうじんじゃ","Norikura Hongū Shrine","乗鞍本宮は、乗鞍岳の最高峰である剣ヶ峰（標高3,026m）の頂上に位置する神社です。","The main sanctuary of Norikura Hongū Shrine is located at the top of Mt. Kengamine (3,026 m), Mt. Norikura’s highest peak."]
[7642,"長野県・岐阜県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","植物","苔桃","こけもも","lingonberry","また、観光客は英語でリンゴンベリー（学名：Vaccinium vitis-idaea）としてよく知られている「苔桃」（コケモモ）の白い鐘形の花も簡単に見つけることができます。","The white, bell-shaped flowers of the “moss peach” (kokemomo), better known in English as the lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea), are also easy to spot."]
[7643,"長野県・岐阜県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","動物","カヤクグリ","かやくぐり","Japanese accentor ","他にも、ハイマツの中に隠れているシャイなカヤクグリや、その外見がそっくりで人間がいてもあまり気にしない社交的な、黄色いくちばしのイワヒバリも必見です。","Other species to seek out are the shy Japanese accentor (kayakuguri), which hides in the dwarf pines, and its lookalike, the yellow-billed alpine accentor (iwahibari), a gregarious bird that is little bothered by the presence of humans."]
[7644,"長野県・岐阜県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","中尾白山神社","なかおはくさんじんじゃ","Nakao Hakusan Shrine","中尾白山神社は、新穂高温泉の近くの森の中にある静かな場所です。","Nakao Hakusan Shrine is a tranquil spot in the woodlands near Shinhotaka Onsen."]
[7645,"長野県・岐阜県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","動物","イワナ","いわな","char ","上高地では、山菜や梓川に生息するイワナと呼ばれる中型の淡水魚を使った料理が味わえます。","Here the cuisine revolves around wild mountain vegetables and char (iwana), a medium-sized freshwater fish that flourishes in the Azusa River."]
[7646,"長野県・岐阜県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","郷土景観","日本八景","にほんはっけい","eight most scenic spots in Japan","1926年に釜トンネルが開通してアクセスが格段に良くなると、上高地は「日本八景」の一つに選ばれ、多くの観光客が訪れるようになりました。","After the Kama Tunnel opened in 1926, greatly improving access, Kamikōchi was declared one of the “eight most scenic spots in Japan,” and visitors poured in."]
[7647,"長野県・岐阜県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","その他","水力発電","すいりょくはつでん","hydroelectric power","湖の西端にある水力発電所の取水口は、周辺地域に水力発電を供給する沢渡近くの霞沢発電所に水を送っています。","At the west end of the lake, an intake pipe funnels water to the Kasumizawa Power Station near Sawando, which supplies hydroelectric power to the region."]
[7648,"長野県・岐阜県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","動物","河童","かっぱ","kappa","精神科の患者である主人公が、いたずら好きで時には邪悪な性質を持つ水の精霊である河童の国に入った物語を語っています。","The novella’s central character, a psychiatric patient, narrates his tale of entering the land of kappa—water imps known for their mischievous and sometimes sinister nature. ","※「kappa」は日本語をローマ字で書き、イタリック体にする。また、河童の特徴を説明するのが理想的である。"]
[7649,"長野県・岐阜県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","建造物等","嘉門次小屋","かもんじごや","Kamonjigoya Hut","明神池の近くにある嘉門次小屋は、現在も嘉門次の4代目の子孫が経営しており、6月の第1日曜日には「ウェストン祭」が開催されています。","The Kamonjigoya Hut near Myōjin Pond is still run by Kamonji’s fourth-generation descendant, and the Weston Festival is held on the first Sunday in June."]
[7650,"長野県・岐阜県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","動物","ルリビタキ","るりびたき","red-flanked bluetail","鳥類では、コマドリ、ルリビタキ、アカゲラ、キビタキなどが見られます。","Among the many birds found here are the Japanese robin (komadori), red-flanked bluetail (ruribitaki), great spotted woodpecker (akagera), and narcissus flycatcher (kibitaki)."]
[7651,"長野県・岐阜県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","龍笛","りゅうてき","dragon flute","祭船は龍笛など伝統的な楽器の演奏に合わせて厳かに池を周遊します。","The boats circle the pond in a solemn progress accompanied by the music of a “dragon flute” (ryūteki) and other traditional instruments. "]
[7652,"長野県・岐阜県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","動物","イワツバメ","いわつばめ","Asian house martin ","建物の軒先には、夏になるとこの地域で繁殖するイワツバメという別の山の住人もいます。","The eaves of the building shelter another mountain resident: the Asian house martin (iwatsubame), which breeds in the area in summer."]
[7653,"長野県・岐阜県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","その他","交通の要所","こうつうのようしょ","transport hub ","平湯バスターミナルは、奥飛騨地域の交通の要所であり、バスは上高地、乗鞍岳、新穂高ロープウェイ、高山などの人気の目的地まで運行されています。","Hirayu Bus Terminal is a main transport hub for the Oku-Hida region, with buses departing for popular destinations such as Kamikōchi, Mt. Norikura, the Shinhotaka Ropeway, and Takayama."]
[7654,"長野県・岐阜県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","動物","県鳥","けんちょう","prefectural bird","ライチョウ（学名：Lagopus muta japonica）は、岐阜県と長野県の県鳥であり、日本アルプスの代表的な鳥です。","The Japanese rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta japonica) is the prefectural bird of Gifu and Nagano Prefectures and an iconic species of the Japanese Alps."]
[7655,"長野県・岐阜県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","乗物","電動自転車","でんどうじてんしゃ","electric bike","乗鞍高原の施設では、マウンテンバイクをはじめとする電動自転車のレンタルやレッスン、ガイド付きのマウンテンバイクツアーも行われています。","A growing network of mountain bike trails enables off-road exploration as well. Facilities in Norikura Kōgen offer mountain bike and electric bike rentals, lessons, and guided tours of the highlands."]
[7656,"長野県・岐阜県","（中部山岳国立公園）中部山岳国立公園南部地域利用推進協議会","植物","ニリンソウ","にりんそう","soft windflower(s)","川沿いの遊歩道には、ゼンテイカ、エゾムラサキ、ニリンソウ、そして北海道にしかない風媒花である珍しいケショウヤナギなどが育ちます。","Along the riverside walkways grow zenteika daylilies, forget-me-nots, and soft windflowers, as well as the unusual keshōyanagi (“makeup willow”), a wind-pollinated tree normally found only in Hokkaido.  ","※単数形は「soft windflower」複数形は「soft windflowers」"]
[7657,"三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","テーマ施設等","創造の森","そうぞうのもり","Sozo-no-Mori","創造の森エリアがインタラクティブなプロジェクトやクアオルト健康ウォーキングに利用されています。","the Sozo-no-Mori area is used for interactive projects and Kurort health walks. "]
[7658,"三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","工芸・美術品","備長炭","びんちょうたん","binchotan","住民たちは、古くから備長炭と呼ばれる活性炭を作るのに最適な硬くて密な木質を持つこの常緑樹を好んで利用してきました。","Residents have favored this evergreen oak since ancient times for its hard, dense wood, which is ideal for making the hard charcoal known as binchotan.","※「binchotan」は斜体で表記。"]
[7659,"三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","植物","ツチグリ","つちぐり","tsuchi-guri","日本語で「ツチグリ」と呼ばれ、特徴的な星形の襟部を持つ。","Known as “earth chestnuts” (tsuchi-guri) in Japanese, with distinctive star-shaped collars","※「tsuchi-guri」は斜体で表記。"]
[7660,"三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","動物","メジロ","めじろ","Japanese white-eye (mejiro)","鳥の中でも、メジロはこの国立公園の定住者です。","Among the birds, the Japanese white-eye (mejiro) is a permanent park resident. ","※「mejiro」は斜体で表記。"]
[7661,"三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","動物","ハルゼミ","はるぜみ","haru-zemi","春から夏にかけては、であるハルゼミ（春に活動するセミの仲間）やヒグラシの交尾の相手を求める鳴き声が一帯に響き渡ります。","haru-zemi (Terpnosia vacua), a kind of cicada active in spring, blackish cicadas (kuma-zemi), and evening cicadas (higurashi) fill the air with their mating calls from spring through summer. ","※「haru-zemi」は斜体で表記。"]
[7662,"三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","動物","アカガエル","あかがえる","brown frog\n (aka-gaeru)","沼の水面下ではアカガエルのオタマジャクシが孵りはじめます。","Beneath the surface of the ponds, brown frog (aka-gaeru) tadpoles begin to hatch. ","※「aka-gaeru」は斜体で表記。"]
[7663,"三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","テーマ施設等","横山天空カフェテラス","よこやまてんくうかふぇてらす","Yokoyama Tenkū Café Terrace","横山天空カフェテラスなどの展望台では、英虞湾から吹き込む涼風が蒸し暑さを和らげ、遊歩道には森の天蓋が日陰をつくります。","a cooling breeze off Ago Bay alleviates the heat on Yokoyama Tenkū Café Terrace and the other observation decks, and the walking trails are shaded by the forest canopy overhead. "]
[7664,"三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","自然現象","黒潮","くろしお","Kuroshio Current","横山には、忍び寄る寒さが温暖な気候と暖流である黒潮の影響をようやく打ち負かす11月になるまで本格的な秋は訪れません。","Autumn does not truly reach Yokoyama until November, when the encroaching cold finally overcomes the mild climate and the effect of the warm Kuroshio Current. "]
[7665,"三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","テーマ施設等","木もれ日テラス","こもれびてらす","Komorebi Terrace","また、同じ標高にある景観スポット、木もれ日テラスも車椅子でアクセスできます。 ","Komorebi Terrace is a more secluded viewpoint at the same elevation and is also accessible by wheelchair. "]
[7666,"三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","テーマ施設等","そよ風テラス","そよかぜてらす","Soyokaze Terrace","そよ風テラスは、斜面をさらに登った標高168mの地点にあります。","Soyokaze Terrace is further up the slope at 168 meters elevation."]
[7667,"三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","テーマ施設等","英虞湾展望台","あごわんてんぼうだい","Ago Bay View Point","それより高いところには、湾の３Dマップがある英虞湾展望台（177m）と、稜線の上に設置されている見晴展望台（180m）があります。","Higher still are Ago Bay View Point (177 m), which has a three-dimensional map of the bay, and \nMiharashi View Point (180 m) at the top of the ridge."]
[7668,"三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","テーマ施設等","見晴展望台","みはらしてんぼうだい","Miharashi View Point","それより高いところには、湾の３Dマップがある英虞湾展望台（177m）と、稜線の上に設置されている見晴展望台（180m）があります。","Higher still are Ago Bay View Point (177 m), which has a three-dimensional map of the bay, and \nMiharashi View Point (180 m) at the top of the ridge."]
[7669,"三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","庭園・公園","芝生広場","しばふひろば","Lawn Park","少し離れたところにある芝生広場は、家族連れのピクニックに人気の場所です。 ","Lawn Park, a short distance away, is a popular family picnic site."]
[7670,"三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","なごらの浮石","なごらのうきいし","Nagora no Uki-ishi","その上には、風通しの良いそよ風テラスと、なごらの浮石と呼ばれる約百年前に海から取ってきて横山に運ばれたといわれる一揃いの神聖な石があります。","Above it is the open, breezy Soyokaze Terrace and the Nagora no Uki-ishi, a group of sacred stones said to have been taken from the sea and carried up the mountain about a century ago."]
[7671,"三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","テーマ施設等","浅間山展望台","せんげんやまてんぼうだい","Mt. Sengen View Point","横山展望台の遊歩道は、歩いて35分ほどのところにある浅間山展望台にもつながっています。","The walking trails of Yokoyama View Point are also connected to Mt. Sengen View Point, about 35 minutes’ walk away. "]
[7672,"三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","その他","クアオルト健康ウォーキング","くあおるとけんこううぉーきんぐ","Kurort health walks","頂上に至るルートのひとつは、クアオルト健康ウォーキング（ゆったりしたウォーキングに脈拍チェックと呼吸法を組み合わせたエクササイズの一種）に利用されています。","One particular route up the mountain is used for Kurort health walks, a form of exercise that combines relaxed walking with pulse checks and breathing exercises. "]
[7673,"三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","動物","ホトケドジョウ","ほとけどじょう","Japanese eight-barbel loach\n (hotoke-dojo)","また、横山地域の生態調査を実施し、ホトケドジョウやアカガエルといった生き物たちの生息数をモニタリングしています。","They also carry out ecological surveys in the Yokoyama area, tracking the population of animals like the Japanese eight-barbel loach (hotoke-dojo) and brown frog (aka-gaeru).","※「hotoke-dojo」は斜体で表記。"]
[7674,"三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","その他","外来種","がいらいしゅ","Invasive alien species","外来種は、限られた資源をめぐって在来種と激しく競争することにより、生態系に悪影響を及ぼす可能性があります。","Invasive alien species can harm ecosystems by competing aggressively with native species for scarce resources."]
[7675,"三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","植物","ヒメヒオウギズイセン","ひめひおうぎずいせん","hime-hiogi-zuisen","横山で特に問題になっている外来植物のひとつは、特徴的なオレンジ色の花を咲かせる頑健な園芸品種、ヒメヒオウギズイセンです。","One invasive plant species that is particularly problematic in Yokoyama is montbretia (hime-hiogi-zuisen), a tough garden hybrid with distinctive orange flowers. ","※「hime-hiogi-zuisen」は斜体で表記。"]
[7676,"三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","植物","オオキンケイギク","おおきんけいぎく","o-kinkei-giku","伊勢志摩国立公園でよく見られる別の外来種に、オオキンケイギクがあります。","Another common exotic plant in Ise-Shima National Park is the lance-leaved coreopsis (o-kinkei-giku). ","※「o-kinkei-giku」は斜体で表記。"]
[7677,"三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","レジャー・アクティビティ","桜並木のルート","さくらなみきのるーと","Cherry Blossom Route","桜並木のルートは２本の経路のうち、より新しい道です。","The Cherry Blossom Route is the newer of the two routes."]
[7678,"三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","レジャー・アクティビティ","近畿自然歩道ルート","きんきしぜんほどうるーと","Kinki Nature Trail Route","近畿自然歩道ルートは、関西地方に3,258キロメートルにわたってのびている近畿自然歩道の一部です。","The Kinki Nature Trail Route is a small section of the 3,258-kilometer Kinki Nature Trail, which stretches across the Kansai region."]
[7679,"三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","海岸・岬","リアス海岸","りあすかいがん"," ria coastline","英虞湾の入り組んだリアス海岸とモザイクを織りなす島々は、何世紀にもわたって観光客を惹きつけてきました。","Its jagged ria coastline and mosaic of islands have attracted sightseers for centuries."]
[7680,"三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","植物","ヤマモモ","やまもも","Red bayberry (yamamomo)","ヤマモモ： 春の若葉は赤っぽい色をしている；初夏に赤い実をつける","Red bayberry (yamamomo): In spring, its new leaves are reddish; in early summer, it bears red fruit","※「yamamomo」は斜体で表記。"]
[7681,"三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","植物","ササユリ","ささゆり","Japanese pink lily (sasayuri)","ササユリ：6月から7月にかけて白か淡いピンクの花を咲かせる","Japanese pink lily (sasayuri): White or pale pink blossoms from June to July","※「sasayuri」は斜体で表記。"]
[7682,"三重県","（伊勢志摩国立公園）伊勢志摩国立公園地域協議会","植物","ヒメコウホネ","ひめこうほね","Hime-kohone","ヒメコウホネ（コウホネの一種）：夏に黄色の花を咲かせる","Hime-kohone, a species of Japanese splatterdock: Yellow blossoms in summer","※「Hime-kohone」は斜体で表記。"]
[7683,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）屋島地域多言語解説検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","遍路道","へんろみち","henromichi","最もポピュラーなのは、潟元駅近くから始まる舗装された遍路道で、屋島寺まで続いている。","The most popular path is the paved henromichi pilgrimage route, which begins near Katamoto Station and leads to Yashimaji Temple."]
[7684,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）屋島地域多言語解説検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","四国八十八ヶ所巡礼","しこくはちじゅうはちかしょじゅんれい","Shikoku Pilgrimage","このルートは、有名な四国八十八ヶ所巡礼のお遍路さんが好んで通る道であり、巡礼のきっかけとなった僧侶空海（774-835）ゆかりの地が点在する。","This is the route favored by travelers undertaking the 88-temple Shikoku Pilgrimage, and it has many sites connected with the Buddhist priest Kukai (774–835), who inspired the pilgrimage."]
[7685,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）屋島地域多言語解説検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","加持水","かじすい","Kajisui","屋島のふもとには、空海が水を求めて祈ったときに地中から湧き出てきたという自然の湧き水「加持水」がある。","Among these is the Kajisui (“incantation water”) at the base of Yashima, a natural spring that is said to have burst from the ground when Kukai prayed for water."]
[7686,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）屋島地域多言語解説検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","旧遍路道","きゅうへんろみち","Kyu Henromichi","歴史好きの旅行者は屋島の東側、屋島東小学校の近くから始まる「旧遍路道」を使って登山するのが良いかもしれない。","Visitors interested in history may wish to climb the mountain via the Kyu Henromichi (Old Pilgrimage Road), which begins on the east side of Yashima, beside Yashima Higashi Elementary School."]
[7687,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）屋島地域多言語解説検討協議会","社会","源平合戦","げんぺいかっせん","Genpei War","40分ほど歩くと、源平合戦（1180-1185）の際に若くして即位した安徳天皇（1178-1185）を祀る神社や、1185年の屋島の戦いで指揮官のために命を捧げた武士、佐藤継信の記念碑がある。","Along the 40-minute trail are a shrine to Emperor Antoku (1178–1185), the young monarch who reigned during the Genpei War (1180–1185), and a monument to Sato Tsugunobu, a warrior who sacrificed his life for his commander during the Battle of Yashima in 1185. "]
[7688,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）屋島地域多言語解説検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","お地蔵さん","おじぞうさん","Jizo","さらに遍路道を登っていくと、旅人を守るお地蔵さんに会う。","Further up the path are statues of Jizo, a Buddhist deity who protects travelers."]
[7689,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）屋島地域多言語解説検討協議会","郷土景観","獅子の霊巌","ししのれいがん","Shishi no Reigan","屋島山頂への最短ルートであるだけでなく、「獅子の霊巌」からの夕日を見ようとする人にとっても最適な選択肢となる。","The Yashima Skyway is the fastest way to reach the summit of Yashima, and is also the best option for visitors hoping to catch the sunset from the Shishi no Reigan lookout."]
[7690,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）屋島地域多言語解説検討協議会","社会","弥生時代中期","やよいじだいちゅうき","Middle Yayoi period","現在、香川県と呼ばれている地域は、近隣の地域とともに、弥生時代中期（紀元前100年〜100年）から塩の生産に携わってきた。","The region that is now Kagawa Prefecture, along with neighboring regions, has been producing salt since the Middle Yayoi period (100 BCE–100 CE)."]
[7691,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）屋島地域多言語解説検討協議会","社会","弥生時代後期","やよいじだいこうき","Late Yayoi period","屋島で塩づくりが始まったのは弥生時代後期（100〜300年）で、瀬戸内海の水を土鍋で煮て塩を取るようになった。","In Yashima, production began in the Late Yayoi period (100–300 CE), when people started boiling water from the Seto Inland Sea in clay pots to extract salt."]
[7692,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）屋島地域多言語解説検討協議会","自然現象","相引","あいびき","aibiki","この現象から「相引」という名前がついたと考えられている。","This phenomenon is thought to have led to the river being named aibiki, or “mutual pulling.”"]
[7693,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）屋島地域多言語解説検討協議会","人物・人名・役職名","鑑真","がんじん","Jianzhen","北嶺に位置する千間堂跡は、754年に中国の僧侶である鑑真（688-763）が屋島寺の前身を創建した時のものと考えられている。","The Sengendo Temple site, on the north ridge of Yashima, is believed to be where the Chinese Buddhist monk Jianzhen (Ganjin in Japanese; 688–763) established the predecessor of Yashimaji Temple in 754."]
[7694,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）屋島地域多言語解説検討協議会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","屋嶋城","やしまのき","Yashima Castle","屋島で最も古い史跡の一つである屋嶋城は、667年に築城された。","Yashima Castle was built in 667 and was one of the earliest structures on the island."]
[7695,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）屋島地域多言語解説検討協議会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","甕城","おうじょう","ojo","また、正門と直角の位置に2つ目の入口があり、「甕城」と呼ばれる攻め手のネックになっている。","There is a second entrance at right angles to the main gate, creating a bottleneck for would-be attackers, called an ojo."]
[7696,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）屋島地域多言語解説検討協議会","人物・人名・役職名","千手観音","せんじゅかんのん","Thousand-Armed Kannon","寺の本尊である千手観音像は、空海が彫ったといわれる。","Kukai is said to have carved the temple’s main object of worship, a statue of the Thousand-Armed Kannon, the bodhisattva of compassion."]
[7697,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）屋島地域多言語解説検討協議会","人物・人名・役職名","蓑山大明神","みのやまだいみょうじん","Minoyama Daimyojin","本堂の横には、どんな姿にもなれるという伝説のたぬきの精霊、蓑山大明神が祀られている。","Beside the main hall is a shrine to Minoyama Daimyojin, a legendary tanuki (raccoon dog) spirit said to be able to take any form."]
[7698,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）屋島地域多言語解説検討協議会","博物館・美術館","屋島寺宝物館","やしまじほうもつかん","Yashimaji Temple Museum","屋島寺宝物館は、本堂のすぐそばにあり、寺の長い歴史の中で蓄積されてきたさまざまな重要な遺物や工芸品を展示している。","The Yashimaji Temple Museum, located beside the main hall (hondo), showcases relics and artifacts from the temple’s long history."]
[7699,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）屋島地域多言語解説検討協議会","工芸・美術品","屏風","びょうぶ","decorative folding screen (byobu)","仏像や掛け軸、屏風などが含まれている。","Items include images of Buddhist deities, hanging scrolls, and decorative folding screens (byobu)."]
[7700,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）屋島地域多言語解説検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","稲荷神社","いなりじんじゃ","Inari shrine","通常、ここは稲荷神社の入り口で、道の両側にはキツネの像が置かれるはず。","This type of tunnel usually marks the entrance to an Inari shrine, with fox statues on either side of the path."]
[7701,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）屋島地域多言語解説検討協議会","レジャー・アクティビティ","かわらけ投げ","かわらけなげ","kawarake nage","ここでは「かわらけ投げ」と呼ばれる遊びに参加することができる。","Here, visitors can take part in a tradition called kawarake nage (clay dish throwing)."]
[7702,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）屋島地域多言語解説検討協議会","テーマ施設等","屋島山上交流拠点","やしまさんじょうこうりゅうきょてん","Yashima Visitor Center","屋島山上交流拠点は、屋島の山頂からの眺めを楽しむのに最適な場所のひとつだ。","The Yashima Visitor Center is one of the best places to enjoy the view from the heights of Yashima."]
[7703,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）屋島地域多言語解説検討協議会","テーマ施設等","パノラマ展示室","ぱのらまてんじしつ","Panorama Exhibition Hall","展望スペースの北側には、1185年に行われた屋島の戦いを描いたパノラマアートを展示したギャラリースペース「パノラマ展示室」がある。","North of the observation space is the Panorama Exhibition Hall, a gallery that features a panoramic artwork depicting the Battle of Yashima, which took place in 1185."]
[7704,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）屋島地域多言語解説検討協議会","動物","アメリカマナティー","あめりかまなてぃー","West Indian manatee","その中でも特に人気があるのは、ペンギン、カワウソ、アメリカマナティーだ。","Some of the most popular attractions are the penguins, otters, and two West Indian manatees."]
[7705,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）屋島地域多言語解説検討協議会","史跡","祈り岩","いのりいわ","Inori Iwa","例えば「祈り岩」は、源氏の兵士である那須与一（伝1169年～1232年）が、退却する平氏の船に向かって矢を放つ前に祈りを捧げた場所を示している。","Places with a connection to the battle include the Inori Iwa (Prayer Rock), which marks the spot where Nasu no Yoichi (c.1169–c.1232), a samurai who fought for the Minamoto, is said to have stopped to pray before shooting an arrow at a retreating Taira ship."]
[7706,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）屋島地域多言語解説検討協議会","史跡","駒立岩","こまだていわ","Komadate Iwa","彼が矢を放った場所には、「駒立岩」がある。","The spot where he is said to have fired from is marked by the Komadate Iwa rock."]
[7707,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）屋島地域多言語解説検討協議会","山岳","五剣山","ごけんざん","Mt. Goken","高松市の牟礼町と庵治町の間に位置する五剣山。山名の由来は、その特徴的な山頂が、かつては5本の剣に見えたことによる。","Mt. Goken stands between the towns of Mure and Aji in Takamatsu. The mountain gets its name from its distinctive peaks, likened to “five swords” (goken).","※「五剣山」の名前の由来を説明する際に上記の例文が役に立つかもしれません。"]
[7708,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）屋島地域多言語解説検討協議会","岩石・洞窟","庵治石","あじいし","Aji Stone","庵治石と呼ばれる五剣山の花崗岩は非常に珍重されており、庵治では数百年前から切り出されている。","Granite from Mt. Goken, known as Aji Stone, is highly prized and has been quarried in Aji for hundreds of years."]
[7709,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）屋島地域多言語解説検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","天狗","てんぐ","tengu","香川県の伝説的な三天狗の一人を祀った中将坊堂がある。","The temple maintains the Chujobo Hall, which enshrines one of the legendary tengu (mountain goblins) of Kagawa."]
[7710,"香川県","（瀬戸内海国立公園）屋島地域多言語解説検討協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","八栗","やくり","Yakuri","空海がより深い仏教の教えを求めて中国へ旅する前に占いとして植えた8つの栗が芽を出し、木になったことから「八栗」と呼ばれるようになった。","Intended as a divination for his journey to China in search of deeper Buddhist learning, the nuts sprouted and grew into trees, giving rise to the name Yakuri, or “eight chestnuts.”","※「八栗寺」の名前の由来を説明する際に上記の例文が役に立つかもしれません。"]
[7711,"岩手県","雫石町観光戦略推進会議","テーマ施設等","小岩井農場","こいわい のうじょう","Koiwai Farm","岩手山の麓にある小岩井農場は、1891年に設立された日本最大級の民営農場で、約3,000ヘクタールの敷地を有しています。","Koiwai Farm, located at the base of Mt. Iwate, is one of the largest privately owned farms in Japan, covering some 3,000 hectares, and dates from 1891."]
[7712,"岩手県","雫石町観光戦略推進会議","温泉","温泉","おんせん","onsen","温泉や伝統工芸品、地元産の果物や野菜なども充実しています。  ","there are hot springs (onsen) and traditional crafts, as well as delicious locally grown fruit and vegetables.","※「onsen」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7713,"岩手県","雫石町観光戦略推進会議","建造物等","曲り家","まがりや","magariya","雫石地域の農家は、典型的な文字通り「曲り家」のスタイルでした。","Farmhouses in the Shizukuishi region were typically in the style of a magariya, which literally means “bent house.” ","※「magariya」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7714,"岩手県","雫石町観光戦略推進会議","年中行事","流鏑馬","やぶさめ","yabusame","同牧場では、流鏑馬（やぶさめ）を体験することができます。","Visitors to the farm can try yabusame, Japanese horseback archery. ","※「yabusame」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7715,"岩手県","雫石町観光戦略推進会議","レジャー・アクティビティ","自由屋","じゆうや","Jiyuya","「自由屋」ではグリーンシーズンにスキーやスノーボードを楽しむことができます。","Jiyuya offers the opportunity to try skiing or snowboarding in the snowless seasons—with a water landing at the end."]
[7716,"岩手県","雫石町観光戦略推進会議","レジャー・アクティビティ","ウォータージャンプ","うぉーたーじゃんぷ","water-jump slope","3つのウォータージャンプに加えて、スケートボードも設置されています。","In addition to the three water-jump slopes, the facility includes a skateboarding area. "]
[7717,"岩手県","雫石町観光戦略推進会議","レジャー・アクティビティ","網張の森自然小道","あみはりのもりしぜんこみち","The Amihari Nature Forest Trail","季節を問わず、どんな体力レベルの方でも楽しめるコースです。","It can be explored via the Amihari Forest Nature Trail, which is accessible in any season and suitable for all levels of fitness. "]
[7718,"岩手県","雫石町観光戦略推進会議","工芸・美術品","和カンジキ","わかんじき","wakanjiki ","網張ビジターセンターでは、伝統的な楕円形の和カンジキや現代的なスノーシューを借りることができます。","Traditional oval-shaped wakanjiki shoes and modern snowshoes are available for rent at the Amihari Visitor Center.","※「wakanjiki」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7719,"岩手県","雫石町観光戦略推進会議","その他","しずくちゃん","しずくちゃん","Shizuku-chan","日本の多くの地域と同様に、雫石町にも愛すべきマスコットキャラクターがいる。雫石町の公式アンバサダーである「しずくちゃん」は、伝統的な衣装に麦わら帽子をかぶった若い女性で、町のさまざまな場所で見かけることができます。","Like many areas of Japan, Shizukuishi has a lovable mascot. The character Shizuku-chan, a young woman dressed in traditional attire with a wide straw hat, serves as the town’s official ambassador and can be seen in various locations."]
[7720,"岩手県","雫石町観光戦略推進会議","温泉","雫石高倉温泉","しずくいしたかくらおんせん","the Shizukuishi Takakura Onsen hot spring","雫石高倉温泉は、宿泊客だけでなく日帰り客も楽しめる温泉施設です。","Both hotel guests and day visitors can enjoy a soak at the Shizukuishi Takakura Onsen hot spring. "]
[7721,"岩手県","雫石町観光戦略推進会議","温泉","温泉館・薬師の湯","おんせんかん・やくしのゆ","the Onsenkan Yakushi-no-Yu facility","日帰り入浴が可能な「温泉館・薬師の湯」では、760mの高さからの眺望が楽しめる露天風呂があります。","Those who are not planning an overnight stay can use the Onsenkan Yakushi-no-Yu facility, which includes an outdoor bath with panoramic views from a height of 760 meters."]
[7722,"岩手県","雫石町観光戦略推進会議","テーマ施設等","網張ビジターセンター","あみはりびじたーせんたー","The Amihari Visitor Center","網張ビジターセンターは、十和田八幡平国立公園内にあり、岩手山をはじめとする国立公園エリア内の山々のレクリエーションや自然、歴史などの情報を総合的に提供しています。","The Amihari Visitor Center, located within Towada-Hachimantai National Park, offers comprehensive information on recreational activities, nature, and the history of Mt. Iwate and other mountains within the national park area. "]
[7723,"岩手県","雫石町観光戦略推進会議","レジャー・アクティビティ","スノーシュートレッキング","すのーしゅーとれっきんぐ","snowshoe trekking","夏にはホタル観賞、冬にはスノーシュートレッキング（スノーシューのレンタルあり）などのアクティビティが人気です。","Popular activities at the visitor center include firefly watching in the summer and snowshoe trekking in the winter (rental snowshoes are available). "]
[7724,"岩手県","雫石町観光戦略推進会議","建造物等","旅館","りょかん","ryokan inns","雫石町には温泉付きのキャンプ場が2つあり、ホテルや旅館よりもリーズナブルに利用できます。","There are two well-equipped campgrounds in the town, both of which include onsen (hot springs). They are an economical alternative to hotels and traditional ryokan inns for lodging in the area. ","※「ryokan」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7725,"岩手県","雫石町観光戦略推進会議","その他","あねっこ","あねっこ","anekko","施設名の由来となった「あねっこ」とは、地元の方言で「魅力的な若い女性」を意味する愛称です。","The word anekko, from which the facility takes its name, is used in local dialect to refer affectionately to a young woman.","※「anekko」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7726,"岩手県","雫石町観光戦略推進会議","レジャー・アクティビティ","グリーンツーリズム","ぐりーんつーりずむ","green tourism","外国語での対応は難しいかもしれませんが、グリーンツーリズムのプログラムに参加している雫石町の住民の方々は、お客様がより良い体験ができるようにサポートしてくれます。","Although it might not be possible to provide complete foreign language support, the residents of Shizukuishi who participate in green tourism programs are committed to helping all visitors make the most of their experience."]
[7727,"岩手県","雫石町観光戦略推進会議","その他","ケキョきち","けきょきち","Kekyokichi","現在では、このウグイスの話にちなんで、温泉好きのぽっちゃりウグイス「ケキョきち」というマスコットキャラクターが登場しています。","Today, the Oushuku area has its own mascot character inspired by the original tale about the bird: Kekyokichi, a chubby bush warbler who loves hot springs. "]
[7728,"岩手県","雫石町観光戦略推進会議","建造物等","ペンション","ぺんしょん","pension","ペンションの語源はフランス語の「下宿」だが、ベッド＆ブレックファストのスタイルに近い宿泊施設である。","The term pension comes from the French for “boarding house,” but this accommodation is closer to the style of a bed-and-breakfast."]
[7729,"岩手県","雫石町観光戦略推進会議","建造物等","民宿","みんしゅく","Minshuku","民宿も同じ日本のスタイルですが、より小さくシンプルで、より家庭的な雰囲気があります。","Minshuku are also Japanese in style, but are smaller and simpler, with a more homelike atmosphere. ","※「Minshuku」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7730,"岩手県","雫石町観光戦略推進会議","食","ざるそば","ざるそば","zaru soba","通常、2つの方法で提供されます。麺汁と一緒に冷やされて出されるもの（ざるそば）、またはさまざまなトッピングと共に熱くて透明なスープで提供されるもの (かけそば) です。","It is typically served in one of two ways: chilled on a tray along with a dipping sauce (zaru soba) or in a bowl of hot, clear broth with various toppings (kake soba).","※「zaru」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7731,"岩手県","雫石町観光戦略推進会議","食","かけそば","かけそば","kake soba","通常、2つの方法で提供されます。麺汁と一緒に冷やされて出されるもの（ざるそば）、またはさまざまなトッピングと共に熱くて透明なスープで提供されるもの (かけそば) です。","It is typically served in one of two ways: chilled on a tray along with a dipping sauce (zaru soba) or in a bowl of hot, clear broth with various toppings (kake soba).","※「kake」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7732,"岩手県","雫石町観光戦略推進会議","食","羊羹","ようかん","yokan","雫石町のそば粉は、地元の和菓子にも使われています。例えば、羊羹は小豆餡で作られることが多いですが、そば粉を使った羊羹もあります。","Shizukuishi’s buckwheat flour is also used to produce local Japanese sweets, including an unusual version of a traditional confection called yokan, which is typically made with red bean paste. This version uses buckwheat flour instead.","※「yokan」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7733,"岩手県","雫石町観光戦略推進会議","工芸・美術品","亀甲織","きっこうおり","kikko-ori ","最も珍しい亀甲織は雫石から来ています。この複雑な織り方は、地元で栽培された麻の植物を生地にした織物に用いられています。","One unusual textile, kikko-ori (tortoiseshell weaving), comes from Shizukuishi. This intricate technique is used to create fabric from hemp fibers. ","※「kikko-ori」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7734,"岩手県","雫石町観光戦略推進会議","組織・団体","しずくいし麻の会","しずくいしあさのかい","the Shizukuishi Asa-no-Kai","ミツエさんは1985年に設立された「亀甲織り研究会」の初代会長を務め、1988年に「しずくいし麻の会」と改名されました。","Mitsue served as the first chairperson of the Kikko-ori Study Group, set up in 1985, which was renamed the Shizukuishi Asa-no-Kai, or Shizukuishi Hemp Society, in 1988."]
[7735,"岩手県","雫石町観光戦略推進会議","工芸・美術品","汗はじき","あせはじき","ase-hajiki","かつて、亀甲織りの主な用途の1つは、「汗はじき」と呼ばれる下着でした","In the past, one of the major uses for kikko-ori fabric was for making undergarments called ase-hajiki. (An example of ase-hajiki can be seen at the Shizukuishi History and Folklore Museum.) ","※「ase-hajiki」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7736,"岩手県","雫石町観光戦略推進会議","テーマ施設等","雫石農業トレーニングセンター","しずくいしのうぎょうとれーにんぐせんたー","the Shizukuishi Agricultural Training Center","今日、しずくいし麻の会では、雫石農業トレーニングセンターで地元住民や来場者を対象にデモンストレーションやワークショップを行っています。","Today the Shizukuishi Asa-no-Kai carries out demonstrations and workshops for locals and visitors at the Shizukuishi Agricultural Training Center. "]
[7737,"岩手県","雫石町観光戦略推進会議","工芸・美術品","南部鉄器","なんぶてっき","Nanbu tekki","やがて、鉄瓶は産業のシンボルとして人気を博し、「南部鉄器」と呼ばれるようになった。","Over time, the iron teakettle grew in popularity as a symbol of the industry, and became known as Nanbu tekki. ","※「Nanbu tekki」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「Nanbu ironware」も使用することも可能。"]
[7738,"岩手県","雫石町観光戦略推進会議","工芸・美術品","浄法寺漆","じょうぼうじうるし","Joboji lacquer","一部の製品は、製鉄技術と岩手県のもう一つの名産である浄法寺町で生まれた浄法寺漆を組み合わせたものです。漆は、日本では珍しい漆の樹液から作られています。","Some products combine the techniques for ironmaking with another specialty craft from Iwate Prefecture, Joboji lacquer, which originated in the town of Joboji. Lacquer, called urushi in Japanese, is made from the sap of the increasingly rare urushi tree. "]
[7739,"岩手県","雫石町観光戦略推進会議","工芸・美術品","漆","うるし","urushi","漆は、日本では珍しい漆の樹液から作られています。現在、日本で使用されている漆のほとんどは外国産ですが、浄法寺漆は数少ない国産の漆で、主に国宝の修復に使用されています。","Lacquer, called urushi in Japanese, is made from the sap of the increasingly rare urushi tree. Most of the urushi used in Japan today comes from overseas, but Joboji lacquer is one of the few that is domestically produced; it is chiefly used in the restoration of national cultural treasures.","※「urushi」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7740,"岩手県","雫石町観光戦略推進会議","庭園・公園","森の風","もりのかぜ","Mori no Kaze","森の風 (Forest of the Wind) は、日本最大級の洋庭園です。","Mori no Kaze (Wind of the Forest) is one of the largest Western-style gardens in Japan. "]
[7741,"岩手県","雫石町観光戦略推進会議","庭園・公園","森の渓谷","もりのけいこく","Forest Valley","「森の渓谷」には、日本の四季を紹介するさまざまな花や植物があり、滝や小川があります。","“Forest Valley” features a variety of flowers and plants that represent each of Japan’s four seasons, and includes a waterfall and stream."]
[7742,"岩手県","雫石町観光戦略推進会議","庭園・公園","森の丘","もりのおか","Forest Hill","施設の「森の丘」エリアは、まるで秘密の花園に足を踏み入れたかのように、不思議な雰囲気を醸し出しています。","“Forest Hill” area offers a whimsical feel, like stepping into a secret garden."]
[7743,"岩手県","雫石町観光戦略推進会議","滝","鳥越","とりごえ","Torigoe","鳥越の滝は雫石の郊外にある絵のように美しい葛根田渓谷沿いにある、落差30メートルの滝です。","Torigoe, a waterfall with a 30-meter drop, is located along the picturesque Kakkonda Gorge on the outskirts of Shizukuishi. "]
[7744,"岩手県","雫石町観光戦略推進会議","温泉","滝ノ上温泉","たきのうえおんせん","Takinoue Onsen","滝ノ上温泉は日帰り入浴も可能なので、滝見物と入浴を組み合わせてみてはいかがでしょうか。","Takinoue Onsen welcomes day visitors, so a trip to the falls can be combined with a relaxing bath. "]
[7745,"岩手県","雫石町観光戦略推進会議","滝","逢滝","おうたき","Outaki","逢滝は比較的小さいですが、鶯宿温泉郷の中にあり、これらの美しい滝を間近に見ることができます。","Outaki is smaller than Torigoe, but visitors can get very close to this series of pretty cascades, which is located in the Oushuku Onsen village."]
[7746,"岩手県","雫石町観光戦略推進会議","建造物等","囲炉裏","いろり","irori","伝統的な茅葺き屋根と囲炉裏があり、暖房や照明、食事の準備をしていました。囲炉裏とは、石を敷き詰めた四角い穴のことで、その上には鍋や釜を吊るすことができるフックが付いています。","It has a traditional thatched roof and a sunken hearth (irori), which would have provided heat, light, and the means for meal preparation. The irori is a square stone-lined pit set into the floor; a pot or kettle could be suspended on a hook over the fire in the hearth.","※「irori」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7747,"岩手県","雫石町観光戦略推進会議","河川・渓谷","御所ダム","ごしょだむ","Gosho Dam","1981年に御所ダムが開通するまで20年以上も交渉を続けてきました。","it took more than 20 years to complete negotiations before the Gosho Dam eventually opened in 1981. "]
[7748,"岩手県","雫石町観光戦略推進会議","テーマ施設等","道の駅","みちのえき","michi-no-eki","道の駅は飲食店やテイクアウト、お土産店や清潔なトイレ等、旅行者に便利なサービスを提供します。","Japan’s roadside stations, or michi-no-eki, serve as convenient centers for travelers, offering services such as restaurants and takeout food, tourist information, gift items, and clean restrooms. ","※「michi-no-eki」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「Japan’s roadside station」も使用することも可能。"]
[7749,"岩手県","雫石町観光戦略推進会議","テーマ施設等","道の駅 雫石あねっこ","みちのえきしずくいしあねっこ","Shizukuishi Anekko Roadside Station ","隣にはキャンプ場があります。道の駅「雫石あねっこ」に併設されています。お風呂は和風と洋風があり、レストランやお土産屋さんもあります。","there is a campground next door.\nShizukuishi Anekko Roadside Station (Michi-no-Eki) complex, which also houses several restaurants and gift shops. Guests may choose either Japanese- or Western-style baths."]
[7750,"岩手県","雫石町観光戦略推進会議","食","ひとめぼれソフトクリーム","ひとめぼれそふとくりーむ","Hitomebore soft-serve ice cream","雫石の地産ミルクで作るひとめぼれソフトはとても人気です。","The Hitomebore soft-serve ice cream containing milk from Shizukuishi is very popular. "]
[7751,"秋田県","秋田県横手市","建造物等","土蔵","どぞう","storehouse(s)","この土蔵は、鞘建物で覆われており母屋と接続されている。","Each of these storehouses is covered by a secondary roof (saya) that connects to the timbers of the main roof and extends almost across the entire property.","※複数形「storehouses」、単数形「storehouse」"]
[7752,"秋田県","秋田県横手市","その他","物質の流通","ぶっしつのりゅうつう"," distribution of goods ","川は物資の流通を効率的にし、街道は増田と仙台藩を結び、そこからさらに江戸（現在の東京）に行くことができた","The rivers allowed for efficient distribution of goods, and the roads connected Masuda to the Sendai domain, from which travelers could reach the capital at Edo (now Tokyo)."]
[7753,"秋田県","秋田県横手市","建造物等","収蔵庫","しゅうぞうこ","storage facility ","（カフェの向かい側にある）「マンガの蔵展示室」は、原画を収蔵する最新式の大型収蔵庫である。","Across from the café is the Manga Kura Exhibition, a large, state-of-the-art storage facility that houses the museum’s collection of over 400,000 genga. "]
[7754,"秋田県","秋田県横手市","工芸・美術品","原画","げんが","genga","この美術館は1995年にマンガの原画を展示するために設立された。","The museum was established in 1995 as a gallery of genga, the original, hand-drawn pages used in manga publication.","※複数形と単数形も「genga」"]
[7755,"秋田県","秋田県横手市","その他","沖積土","ちゅうせきど","alluvial soil","また、丘陵地の沖積土が雪解け水を排出するため、木の根が腐らずに乾燥した状態を保つことができる。","The alluvial soil of the hills allows rain and snowmelt to drain, keeping the trees’ roots dry and safe from rot."]
[7756,"秋田県","秋田県横手市","その他","皮の光沢","かわのこうたく","finish ","太陽の光を浴びすぎると、りんごの表面が傷つき、皮の光沢（仕上げ）が損なわれてしまう。","The bags protect their skins from damage by pests and prevent overexposure to sunlight, which can damage an apple’s surface and harm the luster of its skin (called the “finish”)."]
[7757,"秋田県","秋田県横手市","その他","ストック","すとっく","stock","世界中のリンゴ園では、ある品種の幹と実のなる枝を、より小さい矮性品種の根（「ストック」と呼ばれる）に接ぎ木するという栽培方法が採用されている。","Many apple farmers utilize a growing technique in which they graft the trunk and fruit-bearing branches of one cultivar of apple onto the roots (called the “stock”) of a smaller dwarf variety.","※（台木（だいぎ）とも呼ばれる）"]
[7758,"秋田県","秋田県横手市","食","麹","こうじ","kōji","横手では、蒸した米や大豆をはじめとした穀物にアスペルギルス・オリゼーという微生物を加えて発酵させた麹が重要な役割を果たしている。","In Yokote, the vital ingredient in the fermentation process is kōji, which is created by introducing a microorganism called Aspergillus oryzae to steamed rice, soybeans, or other grains."]
[7759,"秋田県","秋田県横手市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","城代","じょうだい","castle keeper","代わりに、近くの久保田（現在の秋田市）に住み、横手城は城の番人（城代）を務めた身分の高い家臣の管理下に置いた。","Instead, they lived in nearby Kubota (now the city of Akita) and put Yokote Castle under the control of a high-ranking vassal, who acted as the castle keeper (jōdai)."]
[7760,"秋田県","秋田県横手市","植物","韮","にら","nira","この土塁が崩れないようにニラを植えて構造を整えていた。","To keep the embankments from collapsing, defenders planted nira (a vegetable similar to chives) to provide structure."]
[7761,"秋田県","秋田県横手市","乗物","屋形船","やかたぶね","straw-clad boats","その翌日には、死者の霊を弔うために横手川に大きな藁葺き屋根の屋形船を流す「屋形船繰り出し」が行われる。","This is followed on the second day by the Yakatabune Kuridashi ceremony, in which large, straw-clad boats called yakatabune are taken down to the Yokote River to honor the spirits of the dead."]
[7762,"秋田県","秋田県横手市","年中行事","御霊送り","みたまおくり"," spirit-sending-off ceremony","この屋形船は、「ねむり流し」の際に子供用の小舟と同じ場所に並べられ、僧侶による「御霊送り」が行われる。","The yakatabune are arranged in the same location as the children’s smaller boats during the Nemuri Nagashi, after which a Buddhist priest performs a spirit-sending-off ceremony (mitama-okuri)."]
[7763,"秋田県","秋田県横手市","建造物等","かまくら","かまくら","kamakura","最初の2日間は「かまくら」と呼ばれる大規模な雪のドームに、筵や小さな火鉢、水神の祭壇を設置し祝う。","The first two days are centered on kamakura—large snow domes furnished with woven mats, a small brazier, and an altar for the water god."]
[7764,"秋田県","秋田県横手市","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","ぼんでん","ぼんでん"," decorated staves","最終日には「ぼんでん」と呼ばれる特別な装飾が施された竿が、1年の安全と繁栄を祈願して、市内を3.5kmにわたって旭岡山神社までかつぎ運ばれ奉納される。","On the last day of the festival, specially decorated staves  called bonden are carried 3.5 kilometers through the city to Asahiokayama-jinja Shrine as an offering for a safe and prosperous year.","※複数形「decorated staves」、単数形「decorated staff」"]
[7765,"秋田県","秋田県横手市","建造物等","鞘","さや","exterior roof","内部の土蔵は母屋と大屋根（鞘）でつながっており、屋根のある室内空間となっている。","The interior storehouse is connected to the main house via an exterior roof (saya), creating a large covered indoor area."]
[7766,"秋田県","秋田県横手市","建造物等","内蔵","うちぐら","interior storehouse(s)","増田の伝統的建造物群保存地区では、100年前に建てられた当時のままの内蔵が残っている住宅が30棟あまり存在する。","As many as 30 of the residences within Masuda’s Preservation District for Groups of Traditional Buildings still contain interior storehouses (uchigura), some of which are over a century old.","※複数形「interior storehouses」、単数形「interior storehouse」"]
[7767,"秋田県","秋田県横手市","工芸・美術品","筵","むしろ","woven mat(s)","かまくらの中には、水の神様をお供えするための祭壇や、筵、座布団、火鉢などがある。","Inside the kamakura is an altar for offerings to the water god, woven mats, cushions, and a brazier.","※複数形は「woven mats」、単数形は「woven mat」"]
[7768,"秋田県","秋田県横手市","食","甘酒","あまざけ","amazake","筵（むしろ）や小さな火鉢を持ち込み、かまくらの中で餅や甘酒を作ることもある。","Woven mats and a small brazier may also be brought in so that mochi (sweet rice cakes) and amazake (a fermented rice drink) can be prepared inside the kamakura."]
[7769,"秋田県","秋田県横手市","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","お札","おふだ"," paper talisman","引き換えに、参加者は紙のお守り（おふだ）を近所や会社に持ち帰り、大切に保管する。","In exchange, participants receive a paper talisman (ofuda) that they take back to their neighborhood or business for safekeeping."]
[7770,"秋田県","秋田県横手市","年中行事","恵比寿俵","えびすたわら","decorated bales of rice ","また、えびす俵（えびすたわら）や市の子供たちが作った小さなぼんでんも展示される。","Crowds at the Winter Festival cheer and shout when as many as 40 different full-sized bonden are unveiled at the city office alongside decorated bales of rice (ebisutawara) and smaller bonden created by the city’s children."]
[7771,"秋田県","秋田県横手市","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","幣束","へいそく","wooden wands that are used in Shinto rituals","史料によると、神道の儀式に使われる「幣束（へいそく）」と呼ばれる宗教的な道具である。","According to historical documents, bonden originated as religious objects called heisoku, wooden wands that are used in Shinto rituals."]
[7772,"秋田県","秋田県横手市","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","紙垂","しで","shide","次に「幣束（へいそく）」に使われる「紙垂（しで）」、そして籠に巻きつける「鉢巻」がある。","Next are the shide, paper streamers used on the heisoku wands, and the hachimaki (literally, “headband”) that wraps around the basket."]
[7773,"山形県","山形県銀山温泉等多言語解説整備推進協議会","温泉","銀山温泉","ぎんざんおんせん","Ginzan Onsen","銀山温泉は、複数階建て以上の伝統的な旅館が並ぶ温泉地です。旅館には、白いしっくいの壁、カラフルな鏝絵 (しっくいを使った浮き彫り)、木の外装、といった特徴があります。","Ginzan Onsen is a hot spring resort with traditional multistory inns—featuring white plaster walls, colorful kote-e plaster reliefs, and exposed wood—that call to mind the Taisho era (1912–1926)."]
[7774,"山形県","山形県銀山温泉等多言語解説整備推進協議会","工芸・美術品","鏝絵","こてえ","kote-e","多層階建ての伝統的な旅館には、白いしっくいの壁、色鮮やかな鏝絵 (しっくいを使った浮き彫り)、木の外装、といった特徴があり、大正時代 (1912～1926年) を思い起こさせます。","The traditional multistory inns—featuring white plaster walls, colorful kote-e plaster reliefs, and exposed wood—call to mind the style of the Taisho era (1912–1926)."]
[7775,"山形県","山形県銀山温泉等多言語解説整備推進協議会","史跡","延沢銀山","のべさわぎんざん","Nobesawa Silver Mine","延沢銀山には、かつて53本の坑道がありましたが、現在公開されているのはひとつだけです。","The Nobesawa Silver Mine once had 53 mining tunnels, but now only one remains open to the public."]
[7776,"山形県","山形県銀山温泉等多言語解説整備推進協議会","工芸・美術品","焼き掘り","やきぼり","yakibori","鉱夫たちは「焼き掘り」（文字通り焼いて掘る）と呼ばれる革新的な技法を活用して、作業効率を高めました。","Miners used an innovative technique called yakibori (literally “burn digging”) to speed up the work."]
[7777,"山形県","山形県銀山温泉等多言語解説整備推進協議会","湖沼","徳良湖","とくらこ","Lake Tokura","徳良湖の岸辺には、お祭り、キャンプ、食事、また休暇を楽しむために、一年中人々が訪れます。","The shores of Lake Tokura draw visitors throughout the year for festivals, camping, dining, and relaxation."]
[7778,"山形県","山形県銀山温泉等多言語解説整備推進協議会","レジャー・アクティビティ","スノーランド","すのーらんど","Snowland","冬の「スノーランド」の時期は、雪が積もった湖畔をそりで滑ったり、スノーモービルに乗ったりするなど、季節のアウトドアアクティビティを楽しむことができます。","In winter during the Snowland event, visitors can go sledding, ride snowmobiles, and enjoy other seasonal outdoor activities on the lake’s snowy shores."]
[7779,"山形県","山形県銀山温泉等多言語解説整備推進協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","花笠踊り","はながさおどり","Hanagasa Odori","花笠踊りは、山形県の象徴的な踊りです。花のモチーフをあしらった菅笠をかぶり、精巧な衣装をまとった踊り手が街中で踊ります。","The Hanagasa Odori is the signature dance of Yamagata Prefecture, in which elaborately costumed dancers in sedge hats decorated with flower motifs perform in the streets. "]
[7780,"山形県","山形県銀山温泉等多言語解説整備推進協議会","庭園・公園","白銀公園","しろがねこうえん","Shirogane Park","白銀公園は銀山温泉の南側にあり、この歴史的な町と、かつてはその生命線だった鉱山跡をつないでいます。","Shirogane Park lies on the southern outskirts of Ginzan Onsen, connecting the historic town to the shuttered mines that were once the lifeblood of the community."]
[7781,"山形県","山形県銀山温泉等多言語解説整備推進協議会","河川・渓谷","銀山川","ぎんざんがわ","Ginzan River","歩道は、洗心峡を縫って続く銀山川を渡ります。銀山川には、朱色の「せことい橋」と、古風な石橋「河鹿橋」がかかっています。","The path through the gorge passes over the Ginzan River, which is spanned by the vermillion Sekotoi Bridge and the traditional stone Kajika Bridge."]
[7782,"山形県","山形県銀山温泉等多言語解説整備推進協議会","滝","白銀の滝","しろがねのたき","Shirogane Falls","銀山温泉を通って川を上流にたどると、白銀の滝にたどり着きます。","Follow the river upstream through Ginzan Onsen to reach Shirogane Falls."]
[7783,"山形県","山形県銀山温泉等多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","滝の不動尊","たきのふどうそん","Taki no Fudosan","滝の不動尊という、白銀の滝の守り神をまつった小さな神社があります。","A small shrine, Taki no Fudoson, is dedicated to the guardian deity of Shirogane Falls."]
[7784,"山形県","山形県銀山温泉等多言語解説整備推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","夏しらず坑","なつしらずこう","Natsu Shirazu Cave","これは夏しらず坑です。中から自然の涼しい地下深くの空気が流れてくるために、「夏しらず」と名づけられました。","This is the Natsu Shirazu Cave (literally, “cave unaffected by summer”), so named because of the naturally cool air flowing from deep underground. "]
[7785,"山形県","山形県銀山温泉等多言語解説整備推進協議会","食","尾花沢すいか","おばなざわすいか","Obanazawa watermelon","尾花沢すいかは、インターネットで予約・購入でき、日本全国に発送できます。","Obanazawa watermelons can be pre-ordered or purchased online and are shipped throughout Japan."]
[7786,"山形県","山形県銀山温泉等多言語解説整備推進協議会","食","雪降り和牛","ゆきふりわぎゅう","yukifuri wagyu","「雪降り和牛」には3つの重要な特徴があります。","Yukifuri wagyu has three key characteristics:"]
[7787,"山形県","山形県銀山温泉等多言語解説整備推進協議会","食","尾花沢そば","おばなざわそば","Obanazawa soba","尾花沢そばを味わうのに一番よい場所は、尾花沢市の「そば街道」です。","The best place to sample Obanazawa Soba is along the city’s Soba Kaido, a route connecting nine soba restaurants."]
[7788,"山形県","山形県銀山温泉等多言語解説整備推進協議会","工芸・美術品","上の畑焼き","かみのはたやき","Kaminohata ware","上の畑焼は、1833年に尾花沢で窯が開かれたとされるものですが、長くは作られませんでした。","Kaminohata ware developed in Obanazawa in 1833 but was short-lived. "]
[7789,"山形県","山形県銀山温泉等多言語解説整備推進協議会","紋章等 ","三多紋","さんたもん","santamon","上の畑焼は、多くの場合、三多紋で飾られています。これは、3つの象徴的な果物を模した伝統的な模様です。桃は長寿を表し、ざくろは多産を表し、 仏手柑(指の形をした柑橘類) は幸運を表します。","Kaminohata ware is often decorated with the traditional santamon design featuring three motifs: peach, which represents longevity; pomegranate, which represents fertility; and busshukan (Buddha’s hand) citrus, which represents good fortune."]
[7790,"山形県","山形県銀山温泉等多言語解説整備推進協議会","山岳","山刀伐峠","なたぎりとうげ","Natagiri Pass","芭蕉と曽良は、山刀伐峠を通って尾花沢にたどり着きました。山刀伐峠には、近くにある最上という町から通じる、急で曲がりくねった山道があります。","Basho and Sora made their way to Obanazawa through Natagiri Pass, a steep, winding mountain path leading from the nearby town of Mogami."]
[7791,"山形県","山形県銀山温泉等多言語解説整備推進協議会","博物館・美術館","芭蕉、清風歴史資料館","ばしょう、せいふうれきししりょうかん","Basho-Seifu Historical Museum","芭蕉、清風歴史資料館は、有名な俳人・松尾芭蕉 (1644～1694年) と、この地域の裕福な商人だった鈴木清風 (1651～1721年) との長く続いた友情を記念したものです。","The Basho-Seifu Historical Museum celebrates the enduring friendship between the famous haiku poet Matsuo Basho (1644–1694) and the wealthy local merchant Suzuki Seifu (1651–1721)."]
[7792,"山形県","山形県銀山温泉等多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","鈴木清風","スズキせいふう","Suzuki Seifu","旅の途中で2人は尾花沢に立ち寄り、芭蕉の友人で清風の名で知られる裕福な商人・鈴木清風 (1651～1721年) を訪れました。","Along the way, they stopped in Obanazawa to visit Basho’s friend, the wealthy merchant Suzuki Seifu (1651–1721), who is commonly known by his given name."]
[7793,"山形県","山形県銀山温泉等多言語解説整備推進協議会","集落・街","尾花沢","おばなざわ","Obanazawa","尾花沢は、日本三大豪雪地帯のひとつです。","Obanazawa is one of Japan’s three deep-snow regions."]
[7794,"山形県","山形県銀山温泉等多言語解説整備推進協議会","レジャー・アクティビティ","花笠高原スキー場","はながさこうげんスキーじょう","Hanagasa Kogen Ski Resort","スキーやスノーボードをする人は、近くの花笠高原スキー場の3つのゲレンデを滑ることができます。","Skiers and snowboarders can enjoy the three slopes of nearby Hanagasa Kogen Ski Resort."]
[7795,"山形県","山形県銀山温泉等多言語解説整備推進協議会","レジャー・アクティビティ","花笠マラソン","はながさマラソン","Hanagasa Marathon","このお祭りの見どころには、他にゲーム、地元特産の食べ物を売る屋台、そして「花笠マラソン」などがあります。このマラソンでは、全国から集まった走者たちが、徳良湖を周回して競います。","Other festival highlights include carnival games, food stalls selling local specialties, and the Hanagasa Marathon, which sees runners from throughout the country race around the lake."]
[7796,"山形県","山形県銀山温泉等多言語解説整備推進協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","尾花沢花笠祭り","おばなざわはながさまつり","Obanazawa Hanagasa Festival","夏は、毎年8月に開催される2日間のイベントである尾花沢花笠まつりの季節でもあります。 ","Summer is also the season for the Hanagasa Festival, an annual two-day event held in August."]
[7797,"山形県","山形県銀山温泉等多言語解説整備推進協議会","河川・渓谷","洗心峡","せんしんきょう","Senshin Gorge","紅葉を見られる人気のスポットには、白銀公園内の洗心峡や、山刀伐峠の曲がりくねった道などがあります。","Other popular spots for autumn foliage viewing include the Senshin Gorge, within the boundaries of Shirogane Park, and the winding trail through Natagiri Pass."]
[7798,"山形県","山形県銀山温泉等多言語解説整備推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","養泉寺","ようせんじ","Yosenji Temple","養泉寺は、東京上野にある天台宗の寺院、寛永寺の系列の寺院です。","Yosenji Temple is a branch of Kaneiji, a Tendai Buddhist temple in Ueno, Tokyo."]
[7799,"山形県","山形県銀山温泉等多言語解説整備推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","涼し塚","すずしづか","Suzushizuka","境内には、芭蕉が滞在中に詠んだ詩と彼の生涯について彫られた石碑「凉塚」があります。","The Suzushizuka, a stone monument inscribed with a brief biography of Basho and a haiku he composed during his stay, stands on the grounds:"]
[7800,"山形県","山形県銀山温泉等多言語解説整備推進協議会","レジャー・アクティビティ","徳良湖パンプトラック","とくらこパンプトラック","Lake Tokura Pump Track","徳良湖には、山形県で初のパンプトラックがあります。","Lake Tokura is home to Yamagata Prefecture’s first pump track. "]
[7801,"山形県","山形県銀山温泉等多言語解説整備推進協議会","食","レストラン徳良湖","レストランとくらこ","Restaurant Tokurako","この長さ65.2メートルの組立式の周回コースは、2021年夏、レストラン徳良湖近くの徳良湖畔に開設されました。","This 65.2-meter-long modular loop course opened on Lake Tokura’s shores in the summer of 2021 near Restaurant Tokurako."]
[7802,"山形県","山形県銀山温泉等多言語解説整備推進協議会","テーマ施設等","グラススタジオ旭","グラススタジオあさひ","Glass Studio Asahi","グラススタジオ旭は、ギャラリーでも販売店でもあります。高く評価されていた地元のガラス作家である壹谷旭 (1937～2003年) が、1993年、徳良湖畔に開設しました。","Part gallery, part shop, Glass Studio Asahi was opened on the shores of Lake Tokura in 1993 by acclaimed local glass artist Ichiya Akira (1937–2003)."]
[7803,"山形県","山形県銀山温泉等多言語解説整備推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","壹谷　旭","いちや　あきら","Ichiya Akira","グラススタジオ旭は、1993年に、尾花沢で高く評価されていたガラス職人であり、尾花沢生まれの壹谷旭 (1937～2003年) が開設しました。","It was opened in 1993 by Obanazawa’s acclaimed glass artisan Ichiya Akira (1937–2003)."]
[7804,"山形県","山形県銀山温泉等多言語解説整備推進協議会","工芸・美術品","おしんこけし","おしんこけし","Oshin kokeshi","「おしんこけし」は、銀山温泉が舞台になっている「おしん」という人気のテレビ番組に基づき、伊豆家が手作りで制作しているこけしです。","Oshin kokeshi are based on a doll handcrafted by the Izu family that featured in the popular TV show Oshin, for which Ginzan Onsen served as a setting. "]
[7805,"山形県","山形県銀山温泉等多言語解説整備推進協議会","工芸・美術品","誕生こけし","たんじょうこけし","tanjo kokeshi","伊豆こけしは、「おしんこけし」に加えて、「誕生こけし」というもうひとつの商標登録されたこけしを販売しています。","In addition to Oshin kokeshi, Izu sells another trademarked type of doll: tanjo kokeshi. "]
[7806,"山形県","山寺観光資源等多言語化・インバウンド推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","峯の浦","みねのうら","Mine no Ura","1千年以上にわたり、僧侶や苦行者が、峯の浦として知られる山寺の先で瞑想し、修行をしてきました。","Buddhist monks and mountain ascetics meditated and trained in the area known as Mine no Ura for more than a thousand years."]
[7807,"山形県","山寺観光資源等多言語化・インバウンド推進協議会","史跡","垂水","たるみず","Tarumizu","千手院を出て森を少し歩くと、1900年代初期まで苦行に使用されていた垂水遺跡に着きます。","From the temple, a short stroll through the forest leads to Tarumizu, a site that was used for ascetic practices until the early 1900s."]
[7808,"山形県","山寺観光資源等多言語化・インバウンド推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","運慶","うんけい","Unkei","毘沙門天像は、当時最も名高い仏師の1人であった運慶（1150年～1223年)作です。","The figure of Bishamonten is the work of Unkei (1150–1223), one of the most distinguished sculptors of Buddhist statuary of his time."]
[7809,"山形県","山寺観光資源等多言語化・インバウンド推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","掌悪童子\n掌善童子","しょうあくどうじ\nしょうぜんどうじ","Shoaku and Shozen","寺院内の祭壇に祀られた仏像は、2人の子どもを両側に連れた神の姿を描いています。地蔵の左側の男児はじょうあくと呼ばれ、世俗的欲望に打ち勝つことを象徴する金剛杵（決して壊れない神聖な杵）を手にしています。右側の男児はじょうぜんと呼ばれ、純潔を表す蓮の花を手にしています。","The statue on the altar inside the temple depicts the deity flanked by two children. On Jizo’s left is Shoaku holding a vajra, a mythical, indestructible club symbolizing triumph over worldly desire. Shozen, on the right, holds a white lotus leaf which represents purity. "]
[7810,"山形県","山寺観光資源等多言語化・インバウンド推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","賓頭廬","びんずる","Binzuru","堂の前には、賓頭盧像があり、蓮華座で足を組んで座っています。","In front of the hall is a statue of the arhat Binzuru, depicted sitting cross-legged in the lotus position. "]
[7811,"山形県","山寺観光資源等多言語化・インバウンド推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","華蔵院","けぞういん","Kezoin","華蔵院は、慈悲の仏である観音を含む、複数の神々を祀っています。","Several deities are enshrined at Kezoin, including Kannon, the bodhisattva of compassion."]
[7812,"山形県","山寺観光資源等多言語化・インバウンド推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","如法堂","のうひょうどう","Nohyodo","如法堂は、仏の教えの堂です。修行中の僧侶はここで、山寺を建立した僧侶、円仁（794年～864年）が始めた、非常に労力を必要とする写経方法を実践します。","The Nohyodo is the Hall of Buddha’s Teachings. Here, monks-in-training practice a labor-intensive form of sutra copying established by Yamadera’s founder, the monk Ennin (794–864). "]
[7813,"山形県","山寺観光資源等多言語化・インバウンド推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","奥の院","おくのいん","Okunoin","奥の院は、右側の如法堂と左側の大仏殿の、2つの建物で構成されています。","The Okunoin is made up of two buildings: the Nyohodo Hall (right) and the Daibutsuden Great Buddha Hall (left)."]
[7814,"山形県","山寺観光資源等多言語化・インバウンド推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","対面石","たいめんせき","Taimenseki","伝説では、 磐司は宝珠山のふもとにある大きな岩、対面岩（対面する岩）の上で円仁（794年～864年）に出会ったと言われています。","According to legend, Banji met with the monk Ennin (794–864) on the Taimenseki (“Meeting Rock”), a boulder at the foot of Mt. Hoju."]
[7815,"山形県","山寺観光資源等多言語化・インバウンド推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","不滅の法灯","ふめつのほうとう","\"Undying Light of Buddhism\"","厨子の前では不滅の法灯が燃えています。慈覚大師円仁は、この聖なる炎を延暦寺から運び、山寺の創建を記念しました。","The sacred flame known as the “Undying Light of Buddhism” burns before the shrine. Ennin carried this flame from Enryakuji to commemorate Yamadera’s founding. "]
[7816,"山形県","山寺観光資源等多言語化・インバウンド推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","夜行念仏","やこうねんぶつ","yako nenbutsu","夜行念仏（夜間の遍路）では、石灯籠の柔らかな灯りに照らされた信者達が、リズミカルに詠唱しながら山寺の内宮へと向かいます。","Worshippers chant rhythmically, illuminated by the soft glow of stone lanterns as they make their way to the inner sanctuary of Yamadera during the yako nenbutsu nighttime pilgrimage. "]
[7817,"山形県","山寺観光資源等多言語化・インバウンド推進協議会","史跡","句碑","くひ","kuhi","この俳句が刻まれた句碑が、芭蕉と曾良の像と並んで、山寺の入り口近くに置かれています。","A stone monument inscribed with the haiku (kuhi), along with a statue of Basho and Sora, rests near Yamadera's entrance. "]
[7818,"山形県","山寺観光資源等多言語化・インバウンド推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","奪衣婆\n姥堂","だつえば\nうばどう","Datsueba\nUbado Hall","姥堂には、生前の世界と死後の世界を隔てる三途の川の河原で死人の服をはぎ取る怖い老婆・奪衣婆の色鮮やかな像が納められています。","A path lined with stone lanterns winds past statues and through towering trees to the Ubado Hall, a symbolic gateway between heaven above and the underworld below. It houses a striking statue of Datsueba, a fearsome old woman who strips the dead of their clothes before they cross the Sanzu River, which separates the world of the living from the realm of the dead. "]
[7819,"山形県","山寺観光資源等多言語化・インバウンド推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","三途の川","さんずのかわ","Sanzu River","仏教では、亡くなった人は、この世とあの世の境界線である三途の川を渡らなければなりません。","In Buddhism it is believed that the deceased must cross the Sanzu River, which lies at the border between this world and the afterlife. "]
[7820,"山形県","山寺観光資源等多言語化・インバウンド推進協議会","史跡","せみ塚","せみづか","Semizuka","せみ塚の石碑は、山寺の上層部へと続く道沿いに立っています。","The Semizuka (“Cicada Mound”) stone monument stands along the path to Yamadera’s upper reaches."]
[7821,"山形県","山寺観光資源等多言語化・インバウンド推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","納経堂","のうきょうどう","Nokyodo","山寺の断崖絶壁の上に建つ小さな赤い建物、納経堂の下には、山寺の創建者である慈覚大師円仁（794～864年）の遺骸が、かつて黄金に包まれていた棺に納められていると言われています。","The remains of Yamadera’s founder, the monk Ennin (794–864), are said to rest in a coffin—once encrusted with gold—beneath the Nokyodo, a small, red sutra hall perched on a cliff in the upper reaches of Yamadera."]
[7822,"山形県","山寺観光資源等多言語化・インバウンド推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","五大明王","ごだいみょうおう","Godai Myo-o, the Five Wisdom Kings","この堂には、仏教信仰の恐ろしい守護神・五大明王（5人の賢い王）が祀られています。","Enshrined there are the Godai Myo-o, the “Five Wisdom Kings” who are fearsome guardians of the Buddhist faith. "]
[7823,"山形県","山寺観光資源等多言語化・インバウンド推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","後生車","ごしょうぐるま","gosho-guruma","阿弥陀如来の姿の岩肌にはいくつもの位牌が刻まれており、後生車と呼ばれる木製の位牌が岩肌の下に立てかけられています。","Mortuary tablets are carved into the rock beneath the image, and wooden funerary objects called gosho-guruma lean against the base of the rock face."]
[7824,"山形県","山寺観光資源等多言語化・インバウンド推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","閻魔大王","えんまだいおう","Enma, the King of Hell","門の中には、通る者すべてを裁くかのように、地獄の王である閻魔大王の像と9人の裁判官が立っています。","Statues of Enma, the King of Hell, and nine judges stand inside the gate as if to judge all who pass through."]
[7825,"山形県","山寺観光資源等多言語化・インバウンド推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","胎内くぐり","たいないくぐり","Tainai-kuguri","僧侶は、岩の割れ目に架けられた古びた水平な木製の梯子を渡り、胎内くぐりと呼ばれる狭い石の洞窟を這って、この堂まで行きます。","Priests would reach the building by crossing a crevasse spanned by a worn, horizontal wooden ladder, and then crawling through a narrow stone grotto called the Tainai-kuguri."]
[7826,"山形県","山寺観光資源等多言語化・インバウンド推進協議会","史跡","東宮行啓記念殿","とうぐうぎょうけいきねんでん","Crown Prince Commemorative Hall","皇太子が滞在中に休憩に使用するための建物が寺の境内の上層部に建設され、現在は東宮行啓記念殿として知られています。","The building constructed in the upper reaches of the temple complex as a place for the prince to rest during his visit is now known as the Crown Prince Commemorative Hall. "]
[7827,"山形県","山寺観光資源等多言語化・インバウンド推進協議会","食","芋煮","いもに","imoni","寒い秋の時期、山形の人々は温かい芋煮で身体を温めます。","On cold autumn days, many people in Yamagata warm themselves with a hot bowl of imoni. This soup gets its name from its main ingredient, taro potatoes (satoimo), and cooking method, simmering (niru). "]
[7828,"山形県","山寺観光資源等多言語化・インバウンド推進協議会","年中行事","円仁祭","えんにんまつり","Ennin Matsuri","円仁祭は、山寺を建立した僧侶、円仁（794年～864年）の誕生日を祝って、4月14日に開催されます。","The Ennin Matsuri is held on April 14 to celebrate the birthday of Yamadera’s founder, the monk Ennin (794–864)."]
[7829,"山形県","山寺観光資源等多言語化・インバウンド推進協議会","書物","奥の細道","おくのほそみち","Oku no hosomichi","詩人松尾芭蕉（1644年～1694年）が、彼の最後の作品である旅行記奥の細道で詠った蝉の声が、山腹に響きます。","The mountainside echoes with the distinctive cries of cicadas, a sound famously captured in verse by the haiku poet Matsuo Basho (1644–1694) in his final work, the travelogue Oku no hosomichi (Narrow Road to the Deep North). "]
[7830,"山形県","山寺観光資源等多言語化・インバウンド推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","法華経","ほけきょう","Lotus Sutra","山寺で修行する僧侶たちは法華経を写経しなければなりません。これは時間のかかる作業で、完了までに4年間かかることもあります。","Monks in training at Yamadera must copy the Lotus Sutra in a time-consuming process that can take up to four years to complete."]
[7831,"山形県","山寺観光資源等多言語化・インバウンド推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","開山堂","かいさんどう","Kaisando","この日は、開山堂（寺の上層部にある、円仁を祀った堂）の扉が開かれ、円仁を讃えて法要が行われます。","On this day, the Kaisando—the hall in the temple’s upper reaches honoring Ennin—opens its doors, and hosts a memorial ceremony in his honor."]
[7832,"山形県","山寺観光資源等多言語化・インバウンド推進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","山王権現","さんのうごんげん","Sanno Gongen","日枝神社は、山寺の比叡山と宝珠山の守護神である山王権現を祀っています。","Hie Jinja is dedicated to Sanno Gongen, the guardian deity of Yamadera’s Mt. Hoju, and Mt. Hiei. "]
[7833,"福島県","下郷町","集落・街","大内宿","おおうちじゅく","Ouchi-juku","大内宿では、江戸時代（1603〜1867）の本格的な日本の古い宿場町の町並みを体験できます。","The traditional thatched-roof houses and shops lining the main street of Ouchi-juku preserve the ambience of a post-station town (shukuba-machi) of the Edo period (1603–1867)."]
[7834,"福島県","下郷町","建造物等","茅葺き屋根","かやぶきやね","thatched-roof ","茅葺き屋根の伝統的な家屋やお店が立ち並ぶ大内宿では、江戸時代（1603〜1867）の本格的な日本の古い宿場町の町並みを体験できます。","The traditional thatched-roof houses and shops lining the main street of Ouchi-juku preserve the ambience of a post-station town (shukuba-machi) of the Edo period (1603–1867). "]
[7835,"福島県","下郷町","集落・街","宿場町","しゅくばまち","post-station town (shukuba-machi) ","茅葺き屋根の伝統的な家屋やお店が立ち並ぶ大内宿では、江戸時代（1603〜1867）の本格的な日本の古い宿場町の町並みを体験できます。","The traditional thatched-roof houses and shops lining the main street of Ouchi-juku preserve the ambience of a post-station town (shukuba-machi) of the Edo period (1603–1867). "]
[7836,"福島県","下郷町","食","郷土料理","きょうどりょうり","local cuisine ","下郷の美味しい郷土料理やお土産を探しているとき、地域の文化や歴史を深く掘り下げたいとき、大内宿を訪れることを強くお勧めします。","Ouchi-juku offers visitors ample opportunities to delve into the area’s culture and history as well as to try local cuisine or purchase souvenirs."]
[7837,"福島県","下郷町","集落・街","会津若松","あいずわかまつ","Aizu-Wakamatsu (Fukushima Prefecture) ","大内宿は1640年頃に設立されたと考えられており、会津若松（福島県）と日光（栃木県）の町を結ぶ主要なルートに位置することから、時とともに繁栄しました。","Ouchi-juku is thought to have been established around 1640, and prospered over time because of its location on a major route connecting the towns of Aizu-Wakamatsu (Fukushima Prefecture) and Nikko (Tochigi Prefecture). "]
[7838,"福島県","下郷町","史跡","伝統的建造物群","でんとうてきけんぞうぶつぐん","Groups of Traditional Buildings","この地域は、1981年に政府によって伝統的建造物群の重要な保存地区に指定されました。","The area was designated an Important Preservation District for Groups of Traditional Buildings by the government in 1981."]
[7839,"福島県","下郷町","その他","”ゆい”","ゆい","yui ","”ゆい”の精神は農業のコミュニティにルーツを持ち、すべての当事者の相互利益のために平等に労働を交換する慣行に基づいており、それによってコミュニティの社会インフラの維持を支援しています。","People in agricultural communities in Japan have a long tradition of working together for mutual benefit, a practice that helps maintain the social infrastructure of the community. Neighbors formed yui associations.","※「yui」は日本独特の精神である為で斜体で表記。\n前文で「yui」とは何かを説明。"]
[7840,"福島県","下郷町","芸能・興行・イベント","散水式","さんすいしき","fire prevention ceremony","また、9月1日には毎年恒例の「散水式」で各住居外への給水試験を行い、来場者に人気のイベントとなっています。","Regular testing of the equipment outside each residence is celebrated in the annual “fire prevention ceremony” on September 1. This fire drill activity has become a popular event with visitors in its own right."]
[7841,"福島県","下郷町","建造物等","本陣","ほんじん","honjin","伝統的な茅葺き屋根に加えて、本陣は、熱、光、そして食事の準備のための手段を提供したであろう、囲炉裡（いろり）を備えています。","Along with a traditional thatched roof, the honjin features a large sunken hearth (irori). A kettle or pot for cooking could be suspended on a hook over the fire laid in the square stone-lined pit set into the floor.","※「honjin」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nhonjinが一般的な表記。"]
[7842,"福島県","下郷町","建造物等","囲炉裡","いろり"," sunken hearth (irori)","伝統的な茅葺き屋根に加えて、本陣は、熱、光、そして食事の準備のための手段を提供したであろう、囲炉裡（いろり）を備えています。","Along with a traditional thatched roof, the honjin features a large sunken hearth (irori). A kettle or pot for cooking could be suspended on a hook over the fire laid in the square stone-lined pit set into the floor."]
[7843,"福島県","下郷町","工芸・美術品","阿弥陀如来","あみだりょらい","Amida Buddha","町を見下ろす小さな山を登ると、300年以上にわたって村を見守ってきたとされる阿弥陀如来を祀る、正法寺から大内宿が一望できます。","For a panorama of the town, visitors can walk up the small mountain to Shohoji Temple, which overlooks the town from the west. The temple enshrines an image of Amida Buddha, who is thought to have watched over the village for more than 300 years. "]
[7844,"福島県","下郷町","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","正法寺","しょうほうじ","Shohoji Temple","町を見下ろす小さな山を登ると、300年以上にわたって村を見守ってきたとされる阿弥陀如来を祀る、正法寺から大内宿が一望できます。","For a panorama of the town, visitors can walk up the small mountain to Shohoji Temple, which overlooks the town from the west. The temple enshrines an image of Amida Buddha, who is thought to have watched over the village for more than 300 years. "]
[7845,"福島県","下郷町","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","高倉神社","たかくらじんじゃ","Takakura Shrine","高倉神社は、毎年7月2日に真夏の祭りを祝い、後白河天皇（1127–1192）の息子である以仁王（1151–1180）を称えます。","Takakura Shrine celebrates its Midsummer Festival annually on July 2 to honor Prince Mochihito (1151–1180), a son of Emperor Go-Shirakawa (1127–1192), who is enshrined there. "]
[7846,"福島県","下郷町","人物・人名・役職名","後白河天皇","ごしらかわてんのう","Emperor Go-Shirakawa ","高倉神社は、毎年7月2日に真夏の祭りを祝い、後白河天皇（1127–1192）の息子である以仁王（1151–1180）を称えます。","Takakura Shrine celebrates its Midsummer Festival annually on July 2 to honor Prince Mochihito (1151–1180), a son of Emperor Go-Shirakawa (1127–1192), who is enshrined there. "]
[7847,"福島県","下郷町","人物・人名・役職名","以仁王","もちひと","Mochihito","高倉神社は、毎年7月2日に真夏の祭りを祝い、後白河天皇（1127–1192）の息子である以仁王（1151–1180）を称えます。","Takakura Shrine celebrates its Midsummer Festival annually on July 2 to honor Prince Mochihito (1151–1180), a son of Emperor Go-Shirakawa (1127–1192), who is enshrined there. "]
[7848,"福島県","下郷町","建造物等","灯籠","とうろう","lanterns","住民は雪から手で提灯を彫り、通りに沿って配置し、聖なる炎で順番に灯篭を照らします。","Residents sculpt lanterns by hand from snow and place them along the street before lighting each one in turn with a sacred flame. "]
[7849,"福島県","下郷町","温泉","湯野上温泉","ゆのかみおんせん","Yunokami Onsen","湯野上温泉駅は、伝統的な茅葺き屋根で、交通の要衝であり、公民館でもあります。","Yunokami Onsen Station has a traditional-style thatched roof and is half transportation hub and half community center."]
[7850,"福島県","下郷町","岩石・洞窟","塔のへつり","とうのへつり","To-no-Hetsuri (lit., “cliff towers alongside the river”)","塔のへつり（川沿いの崖の塔）は、大川を見下ろす長さ200メートルの岩層と峡谷です。","To-no-Hetsuri (lit., “cliff towers alongside the river”) is a 200-meter-long gorge overlooking Okawa River. "]
[7851,"福島県","下郷町","庭園・公園","大川羽鳥県立自然公園","おおかわはとりしぜんこうえん","Okawa Hatori Prefectural Park","塔のへつりは大川羽鳥県立自然公園の一部で、1943年に公式の天然記念物に指定されました。","To-no-Hetsuri is part of Okawa Hatori Prefectural Park. It became an official Natural Monument in 1943. "]
[7852,"福島県","下郷町","庭園・公園","観音沼森林公園","かんのんぬましんりんこうえん","Kannon-numa Forest Park","観音沼森林公園は、紅葉の名所として知られていますが、どの季節に訪れても楽しめる場所です。","Kannon-numa Forest Park is most famous for its stunning fall foliage, but is a peaceful oasis in any season."]
[7853,"福島県","下郷町","植物","水芭蕉","みずばしょう","mizubasho (Asian skunk cabbage)","冬の最後の雪が解けた後、水芭蕉が芽を出し始めます。","After the last winter snow melts away, the white trumpet-shaped flowers of mizubasho (Asian skunk cabbage) herald the coming of spring. ","※「mizubasho」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7854,"福島県","下郷町","植物","枝垂れ桜","しだれざくら","shidare-zakura (weeping cherry tree)","その後、4月から5月にかけて、枝垂れ桜や八重桜など、さまざまな種類の桜が開花します。","Soon after come the many different types of cherry trees, including the shidare-zakura (weeping cherry tree) and yae-zakura (late-blooming double varieties), between April and May. ","※「shidare-zakura」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nweeping cherry treeとの表記も可能。"]
[7855,"福島県","下郷町","植物","八重桜","やえざくら","yae-zakura (late-blooming double varieties)","その後、4月から5月にかけて、枝垂れ桜や八重桜など、さまざまな種類の桜が開花します。","Soon after come the many different types of cherry trees, including the shidare-zakura (weeping cherry tree) and yae-zakura (late-blooming double varieties), between April and May. ","※「yae-zakura」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nlate-blooming double varietiesとの表記も可能。"]
[7856,"福島県","下郷町","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","岳観音堂","だけかんのんどう","Dake Kannondo","岳観音堂は木彫りで有名な公園内の小さなお寺です。","Dake Kannondo is a small temple in the park noted for its fine wood carvings."]
[7857,"福島県","下郷町","食","しんごろう","しんごろう","shingoro","しんごろうの名は、江戸時代（1603〜1867）にしんごろうを発明したとされる人物に由来するという。","According to legend, shingoro is named after a local man credited with inventing it during the Edo period (1603–1867). ","※「shingoro」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[7858,"福島県","下郷町","食","じゅうねん","じゅうねん","junen (lit., ten years)","この料理には、下郷でじゅうねんと呼ばれるシソの実が入った独特の味噌が使われています。","The dish uses a distinct type of local miso which is mixed with the crushed seeds of egoma sesame, known in Shimogo as junen (lit., ten years).","※「junen」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\n()内で意味を説明。"]
[7859,"福島県","下郷町","郷土景観","猿楽台地","さるがくだいち","The Sarugaku Plateau ","猿楽台地は、1960年代に国の農業開発プロジェクトによって開発された農地で構成されています。","The Sarugaku Plateau was developed for farming in the 1960s under a national agricultural development project. "]
[7860,"福島県","下郷町","集落・街","戸赤地区","とあかちく","The Toaka area ","下郷町の戸赤地区には、地元林業の中心地としての何世紀にもわたる歴史から、100本以上の山桜があります。 農民は、特定の木を保護するために「留め木」と呼ばれる伐採を禁止を行ってきました","The Toaka area of Shimogo has been a center of local forestry for centuries. The forests include more than 100 mountain cherry trees, as a result of the practice of tomegi in the area. "]
[7861,"福島県","下郷町","その他","留め木","とめぎ","tomegi ","下郷町の戸赤地区には、地元林業の中心地としての何世紀にもわたる歴史から、100本以上の山桜があります。 農民は、特定の木を保護するために「留め木」と呼ばれる伐採を禁止を行ってきました","The Toaka area of Shimogo has been a center of local forestry for centuries. The forests include more than 100 mountain cherry trees, as a result of the practice of tomegi in the area. ","※「tomegi」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\n文中で留め木とは何かを説明。"]
[7862,"福島県","下郷町","岩石・洞窟","風穴","ふうけつ","The wind caves (fuketsu)","風穴（ふうけつ）は、周辺地域が一年中涼しく保たれる珍しい地質学的現象です。","The wind caves (fuketsu) are an unusual geological phenomenon that keeps the ground surrounding the caves cool year-round.","※風穴の表記には、The wind cavesが最適である。"]
[7863,"福島県","下郷町","集落・街","桑取火地区","かわどりひちく","The Kuwadorihi district ","下郷周辺の山々にある桑取火地区は、春に咲くカタクリの花で知られています。明るい紫色の花のカーペットは、約2ヘクタールにわたって広がっています。","The Kuwadorihi district in the mountains around Shimogo is known for the katakuri (Asian fawnlily) that bloom there in the spring. Clusters of the bright purple flowers form a carpet over an area of about two hectares."]
[7864,"福島県","下郷町","植物","カタクリ","かたくり","katakuri (Asian fawnlily) ","下郷周辺の山々にある桑取火地区は、春に咲くカタクリの花で知られています。明るい紫色の花のカーペットは、約2ヘクタールにわたって広がっています。","The Kuwadorihi district in the mountains around Shimogo is known for the katakuri (Asian fawnlily) that bloom there in the spring. Clusters of the bright purple flowers form a carpet over an area of about two hectares.","※「katakuri」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\nAsian fawnlilyとの表記も可能。"]
[7865,"福島県","下郷町","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","会津三十三観音","あいずさんじゅうさんかんのん","Aizu 33 Kannon Pilgrimage","会津三十三観音巡礼の10番目の場所で、小野岳山道の入り口近くにあります。観音（観音堂）は1813年に建てられましたが、中にある日本の慈悲の菩薩である観音像はかなり古いものです。","This is the 10th location on the Aizu 33 Kannon Pilgrimage and is located near the entrance to the trail to the summit of Mt. Onodake."]
[7866,"福島県","下郷町","人物・人名・役職名","徳一大師","とくいちだいし","Tokuichi Daishi "," 初期の建物は、平安時代（794–1185）の会津地方の著名な僧侶である徳一大師（781–824）によって建てられたと考えられています。","It is believed that an earlier building was built by Tokuichi Daishi (781–842), a noted priest from the Aizu region, in the Heian period (794–1185). "]
[7867,"東京都","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）青梅市国立公園誘客促進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","修行","しゅぎょう","ascetic","2,000年の歴史を持つ武蔵御嶽神社は、巡礼と山修行の場です。","Musashi Mitake Shrine is a destination for pilgrimage and ascetic mountain training, with a history that spans two thousand years. "]
[7868,"東京都","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）青梅市国立公園誘客促進協議会","工芸・美術品","鏡鞍","かがみぐら","kagami kura","この鞍は、鏡鞍として知られています","It is known as a kagami kura, or mirror saddle."]
[7869,"東京都","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）青梅市国立公園誘客促進協議会","建造物等","欄間","らんま","ranma","各部屋は襖や障子で仕切られ、その上には風通しと採光のための手彫りの欄間が備えられています。","The rooms are separated by sliding doors under hand-carved wooden ranma (transom panels), which allow light and air to flow between the rooms. "]
[7870,"東京都","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）青梅市国立公園誘客促進協議会","その他","高く評価されています","たかくひょうかされています","prized","ケヤキは、その耐久性や柔軟性、綺麗な木目から、職人の間で高く評価されています。","Zelkova wood is prized among craftsmen for its durability, flexibility, and attractive grain."]
[7871,"東京都","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）青梅市国立公園誘客促進協議会","植物","多年生","たねんせい","perennial","優美なレンゲショウマ（キンポウゲ科レンゲショウマ属)は、日本固有の森林に生える多年生植物です。","The delicate renge shoma (Anemonopsis macrophylla; false anemone) is a woodland perennial native to Japan. "]
[7872,"東京都","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）青梅市国立公園誘客促進協議会","その他","晴れた日","はれたひ","clear day","晴れた日には、約80キロ先の東京スカイツリーも見えます。","On a clear day it is possible to see Tokyo Skytree about 80 kilometers away."]
[7873,"東京都","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）青梅市国立公園誘客促進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","滝行","たきぎょう","takigyo","僧侶や巡礼者はここへ来て滝行をし、流れ落ちてくる滝に打たれながら、精神、身体、そして魂を清めます。","Priests and pilgrims visit the falls to practice takigyo, the ritual cleansing of the mind, body, and soul through meditation beneath the cascading water. "]
[7874,"東京都","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）青梅市国立公園誘客促進協議会","動物","鳥の特徴","とりのとくちょう","avian characteristics","天狗は、羽やくちばしなど、鳥の特徴をもって描かれることが多いものです。","Tengu are often depicted with avian characteristics such as wings and a beak."]
[7875,"東京都","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）青梅市国立公園誘客促進協議会","その他","作った","つくった","fashioned","険しい山道で荷物を運ぶために住人たちが作った道具のレプリカなども展示されています。","There are replicas of the equipment that people fashioned to transport goods up the steep mountain trails. "]
[7876,"東京都","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）青梅市国立公園誘客促進協議会","その他","毎日の通勤","まいにちのつうきん","daily commute","山中に住む子どもたちにとって、ケーブルカーは毎日の通学路です。","For children living on the mountain, the cable car is part of the daily school commute."]
[7877,"東京都","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）青梅市国立公園誘客促進協議会","その他","事前予約","じぜんよやく","advance reservations","事前予約により無料で見学を受け付けています。","The brewery offers free tours with advance reservations. "]
[7878,"東京都","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）青梅市国立公園誘客促進協議会","庭園・公園","あずまや","あずまや","pavilions","清流ガーデンにはテーブルやベンチが設置されたあずまやがあり、酒造から歩いてすぐの場所にあります。","The garden has pavilions with tables and benches, and is a short walk from the brewery."]
[7879,"東京都","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）青梅市国立公園誘客促進協議会","工芸・美術品","矢立","やたて","yatate","櫛かんざし美術館には、江戸時代の階級の高い侍や裕福な商人が所有していた携帯用筆記用具（矢立）も展示されています。","The museum also has a display of portable writing sets (yatate) from the Edo period, formerly owned by high-ranking samurai and wealthy merchants."]
[7880,"東京都","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）青梅市国立公園誘客促進協議会","岩石・洞窟","絶壁","ぜっぺき","bluff","寒山寺は、多摩川を見下ろす絶壁に立っています。","Kanzanji Temple is perched on a steep bluff overlooking the Tama River. "]
[7881,"東京都","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）青梅市国立公園誘客促進協議会","工芸・美術品","日本画","にほんが","Nihonga","川合玉堂は、伝統的な日本画の技術を駆使し、現代的なアプローチで題材を描いた日本画の巨匠でした。","Gyokudo was a master of the Nihonga style, using traditional Japanese painting techniques with a modern approach to themes and subject matter."]
[7882,"東京都","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）青梅市国立公園誘客促進協議会","その他","初心者","しょしんしゃ","novice","こちらは、初心者や家族連れに人気のエリアです。","These are popular with novice fishers and families."]
[7883,"東京都","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）青梅市国立公園誘客促進協議会","その他","域内","いきない","boundaries","多摩川は、秩父多摩甲斐国立公園の区域内にある御岳渓流を4キロにわたってくねくねと流れます。","The Tama River twists and turns for four kilometers through Mitake Gorge, which is within the boundaries of the Chichibu-Tama-Kai National Park. "]
[7884,"東京都","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）青梅市国立公園誘客促進協議会","河川・渓谷","渓谷","けいこく","gorge","御岳渓谷と青梅エリアの見どころやアクティビティに関する情報を提供しています。","Visitors can get information on the sights and recreation opportunities in Mitake Gorge and the Ome area. "]
[7885,"東京都","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）青梅市国立公園誘客促進協議会","建造物等","数寄屋造り","すきやづくり","sukiya-zukuri","各客室は、畳、床の間、そして装飾品や美術品を展示するための違い棚といった要素が特徴の数寄屋造りのスタイルになっています。杉製の襖や障子などは、贅沢な雰囲気を醸し出します。","Each guest room is designed in sukiya-zukuri style, a refined style distinguished by tatami flooring, a tokonoma alcove, and staggered shelves for displaying decorative objects and artworks."]
[7886,"東京都","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）青梅市国立公園誘客促進協議会","紋章等 ","シンボル","シンボル","symbol","梅の花は、青梅市のシンボルです。","The plum blossom is the symbol of Ome. "]
[7887,"東京都","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）青梅市国立公園誘客促進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","歴史小説家","れきししょうせつか","historical novelist","吉川英治（1892～1962年）は、日本の偉大な歴史小説家の1人に数えられます。","Yoshikawa Eiji (1892–1962) is considered one of Japan’s greatest historical novelists. "]
[7888,"東京都","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）青梅市国立公園誘客促進協議会","年中行事","即位式","そくいしき","enthronement ceremony","常設展示には、1915年の大正天皇即位式に梨本宮（1874～1951年）と伊都子妃（1879～1977年）が着用した皇室衣装や装飾品が展示されています。","The permanent exhibition displays the kimono and accessories worn by Prince Nashimoto (1874–1951) and Princess Itsuko (1879–1977) for the enthronement ceremony of the Taisho Emperor in 1915. "]
[7889,"東京都","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）青梅市国立公園誘客促進協議会","その他","上に架けられた長さ","うえにかけられたながさ","span","奥多摩橋は、多摩川の上に架けられた長さ176メートルの橋です。","The Okutama Bridge has a 176-meter span across the Tama River. "]
[7890,"東京都","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）青梅市国立公園誘客促進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","修験道","しゅげんどう","shugendo","蔵王権現は、神道と仏教と道教が混交した山岳信仰、修験道の本尊としてあがめられています。","Zao Gongen is venerated as the principal deity of Shugendo, a mountain religion that draws on Shinto, Buddhist, and Daoist beliefs. "]
[7891,"東京都","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）青梅市国立公園誘客促進協議会","その他","亜熱帯","あねったい","subtropical","亜熱帯気候で夏は暖かく冬は涼しい地域で、山頂付近にのみ軽い積雪が見られます。 ","The area has a subtropical climate of warm summers and cool winters, with light snowfall limited to the upper reaches of the mountains. "]
[7892,"東京都","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）青梅市国立公園誘客促進協議会","その他","毒を持たず","どくをもたず","nonvenomous","その中でも最大のアオダイショウは毒を持たず、最長2メートルにまで成長します。","The largest is the nonvenomous Japanese rat snake, which can grow up to two meters long."]
[7893,"東京都","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）青梅市国立公園誘客促進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","養蚕農家","ようさんのうか","silk producer","吉川は1944年に、裕福な養蚕農家からこの家を購入しました。","He purchased the property in 1944 from a wealthy silk producer."]
[7894,"東京都","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）青梅市国立公園誘客促進協議会","その他","重要な役割","じゅうようなやくわり","key role","多摩川は歴史的にも、青梅の人々の生活において重要な役割を果たしてきました。","Historically, the Tama River has played a key role in the lives of the people in Ome. "]
[7895,"東京都","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）青梅市国立公園誘客促進協議会","集落・街","宿坊","しゅくぼう","shukubo","宿坊は、本来、全国の聖地を訪れる巡礼者向けのものでしたが、今日では、一般の観光客も受け入れています。","Originally built for pilgrims visiting holy sites around Japan, many shukubo now welcome visitors."]
[7896,"東京都","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）青梅市国立公園誘客促進協議会","その他","多様","たよう","diverse","御岳山は、には、春の桜や夏のレンゲショウマなど、多様な動植物が存在します。","Mt. Mitake is home to a diverse range of plant and animal life, including cherry blossoms in spring and renge shoma (false anemone) flowers in summer. "]
[7897,"東京都","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）青梅市国立公園誘客促進協議会","レジャー・アクティビティ","易しい散歩道","やさしいさんぽみち","ramble","御岳山は、易しい散歩道から計画と準備が必要な難易度の高いコースまで、さまざまなトレッキングコースがあります。","Mt. Mitake has numerous hiking routes, ranging from gentle rambles to more challenging treks that require planning and preparation. "]
[7898,"東京都","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）青梅市国立公園誘客促進協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","神棚","かみだな","kamidana","酒蔵の正面入り口には、入口に神棚としめ縄が飾られています。","There is a kamidana Shinto altar with a shimenawa sacred rope above the main doors of the brewery. "]
[7899,"東京都","（秩父多摩甲斐国立公園）青梅市国立公園誘客促進協議会","工芸・美術品","琳派","りんぱ","rinpa","装飾品の多くは、金箔の背景に花などの自然物体を描く琳派を発展させた尾形光琳（1658-1716年）などの工芸家が、裕福な顧客向けに作った特注品でした。 ","Many of the accessories were custom-made for wealthy clients by artists including Ogata Korin (1658–1716), the father of the Rinpa style of painting which features subjects from nature (such as flowers) on gilded backgrounds. "]
[7900,"東京都","東京都中央卸売市場・豊洲市場協会","食","青果市場","せいかしじょう","Fruit and Vegetable Market","豊洲の青果市場では、キャベツやニンジンなどの日常的な野菜から松茸などの高級食材まで、さまざまなものが取引されている。","The items traded at the Toyosu Fruit and Vegetable Market range from everyday greens such as cabbage and carrots to expensive ingredients such as matsutake mushrooms."]
[7901,"東京都","東京都中央卸売市場・豊洲市場協会","食","水産市場","すいさんしじょう","Fisheries Market","豊洲の水産市場は2棟で構成されている。","The Fisheries Market at Toyosu consists of two buildings."]
[7902,"東京都","東京都中央卸売市場・豊洲市場協会","食","仲卸業者","なかおろしぎょうしゃ","intermediate wholesaler (nakaoroshi)","ここでは、寿司職人などの水産物のプロが、毎朝のセリの後、1階の専用の売場で商売をしている仲卸業者から食材を買い付けに来る。","This is where seafood professionals such as sushi chefs come to buy their ingredients from the intermediate wholesalers (nakaoroshi) who do business at dedicated stalls on the first floor after the auctions each morning."]
[7903,"東京都","東京都中央卸売市場・豊洲市場協会","食","売買参加者","ばいばいさんかしゃ","authorized buyer","ここで品物は、市場での取引を許可された7つの卸売会社によって受け取り、検品、値付けされた後、仲卸業者や、大手スーパーなど、中間業者を介さない大量仕入れを行う「売買参加者」に販売される。","Here it is received, inspected, and valued by the seven wholesale companies licensed to do business at the market, which then sell the product to intermediate wholesalers and “authorized buyers”—representatives of major supermarket chains and other large retailers who make purchases large enough to remove the need for intermediaries."]
[7904,"東京都","東京都中央卸売市場・豊洲市場協会","食","マグロのセリ","まぐろのせり","tuna auction","水産卸売場棟は、市場の名物であるマグロの早朝セリが行われる場所でもある。","The Fisheries Wholesale Market Building is also where the market’s famous tuna auctions take place early in the morning."]
[7905,"東京都","東京都中央卸売市場・豊洲市場協会","食","鰹節","かつおぶし","katsuobushi","ある店では出汁をとるための各種昆布を取り揃えていたり、他の店では鰹節や味噌だけを扱っていたりする。","Some stores offer a selection of various kinds of kombu (dried kelp) used for making dashi broth, while others deal in katsuobushi (dried, fermented, and smoked skipjack tuna) or miso paste."]
[7906,"東京都","東京都中央卸売市場・豊洲市場協会","食","玉子焼き","たまごやき","tamagoyaki","また、野菜などの漬物、玉子焼きなど、すぐ食べられる食品も販売されている。","Some of the shops also sell traditional ready-to-eat foods and snacks, such as pickled and preserved vegetables and tamagoyaki, a type of sweetened rolled omelet."]
[7907,"東京都","東京都中央卸売市場・豊洲市場協会","食","てやり","てやり","teyari","買い手は「てやり」と呼ばれる市場独特の手信号で入札金額を示す。","They indicate their bid amounts with hand signals called teyari, which are unique to the market."]
[7908,"東京都","東京都中央卸売市場・豊洲市場協会","食","穴子","あなご","saltwater eel (anago)","例えば、夏には穴子やスルメイカが人気を集め、冬にはハマチ・ブリやホタテの需要が最も高くなる。","For example, saltwater eel (anago) and flying squid (surumeika) are popular in summer, whereas in winter, demand for amberjack (hamachi or buri) and scallops reaches its highest point. "]
[7909,"東京都","東京都中央卸売市場・豊洲市場協会","食","スルメイカ（鯣烏賊）","するめいか","flying squid (surumeika)","例えば、夏には穴子やスルメイカが人気を集め、冬にはハマチ・ブリやホタテの需要が最も高くなる。","For example, saltwater eel (anago) and flying squid (surumeika) are popular in summer, whereas in winter, demand for amberjack (hamachi or buri) and scallops reaches its highest point. "]
[7910,"東京都","東京都中央卸売市場・豊洲市場協会","食","ハマチ（魬）・ブリ（鰤）","はまち・ぶり","amberjack","例えば、夏には穴子やスルメイカが人気を集め、冬にはハマチ・ブリやホタテの需要が最も高くなる。","For example, saltwater eel (anago) and flying squid (surumeika) are popular in summer, whereas in winter, demand for amberjack (hamachi or buri) and scallops reaches its highest point. "]
[7911,"新潟県","小千谷市","工芸・美術品","小千谷縮","おぢやちぢみ","Ojiya chijimi ","小千谷縮は苧麻、ラミー製の軽量でシボのある生地であり、新潟県 (旧越後国) 小千谷地域の特産です。","Ojiya chijimi is a lightweight, ramie crepe fabric unique to the Ojiya region of Niigata Prefecture, the old province of Echigo. "]
[7912,"新潟県","小千谷市","工芸・美術品","絣","かすり","kasuri","伝統的に、絣と呼ばれる絞り染めの技法を使って作ります。この昔ながらの方法では慎重な計画が求められ、織り作業の前に、経糸と緯糸に綿の糸を手で縛りつけてから染めます。","Traditionally, patterned textiles in Ojiya are produced using the tie-resist-dyeing technique called kasuri (ikat). In this time-honored method, which involves careful planning, the warp and weft threads are hand-bound with cotton string and dyed before being woven."]
[7913,"新潟県","小千谷市","建造物等","施設","しせつ","venue","小千谷では、2つの施設が、小千谷縮について学んだり、織り工程を体験したり、小千谷縮でできた伝統的な着物と現代の衣服を比較したりする機会を、訪れる人に提供しています。","Two venues in Ojiya offer visitors the opportunity to learn about Ojiya chijimi, take part in the weaving process, and compare both traditional and modern representations of the textile."]
[7914,"新潟県","小千谷市","動物","錦鯉","にしきごい","nishikigoi","鮮やかな錦鯉は、その豊富な色と柄の種類から、生きた芸術品だと考えられています。この観賞用の鯉は、真鯉の偶然の遺伝子変異により、小千谷で生まれました。","Vibrant nishikigoi carp are considered living works of art for their variety of colors and patterns. These ornamental carp originated in Ojiya, from a serendipitous genetic mutation in black carp."]
[7915,"新潟県","小千谷市","動物","稚魚","ちぎょ","fry","血筋に加え、体色の鮮やかさや体型といった身体的特徴などが、つがわせる工程を左右します。稚魚が誕生すると、もっとも鮮やかで特徴的な模様を持つ鯉が選定され、販売に向けて飼育されます。","Lineage and physical traits, such as brightness of color and body shape are among the factors that influence the matchmaking process. Once the fry are born, those with the most vivid and distinct patterns are selected and raised at the farm for eventual sale. "]
[7916,"新潟県","小千谷市","自然現象","遺伝子変異","いでんしへんい","genetic mutation","展示では、鯉の歴史や、真鯉から色鮮やかな錦鯉の登場に至るまでの遺伝子変異について述べられています。多言語のパネルや写真は、鯉の飼育方法を描き、日本文化における鯉の重要性を説明しています。","Displays depict the history of koi and the genetic mutation that led to the emergence of these colorful varieties from black carp. Multilingual panels and photos illustrate how the koi are raised, and explain their significance in Japanese culture. "]
[7917,"新潟県","小千谷市","芸能・興行・イベント","角突き","つのつき","tsunotsuki","円形の闘牛場で2頭の力強い牛が対決します。額が触れあった状態で、勢子に促されて牛は押し合い、強さと決意を示します。相撲を彷彿させるこの角突き (角を使った格闘) は、小千谷の山々が起源だと考えられている闘牛の一種です。","Two powerful bulls face off against each other in a circular arena. Foreheads touching, they push against each other, urged on by their handlers, in a display of strength and determination. Evocative of sumo, tsunotsuki, or “locking horns,” is a form of bullfighting believed to have originated in the mountains of Ojiya. "]
[7918,"新潟県","小千谷市","芸能・興行・イベント","勢子","せこ","seko","牛が過度に攻撃的になりはじめると、試合終了の合図が出され、勢子には牛を引き離すという重要な仕事があります。勢子の役割には、スピード、直感、そして専門的な技術 (縄に関する技術や、怒る牛を追いかけつつ衝突を避ける際の俊敏さなど) が求められます。","If the bulls start to become too aggressive, the match is called, and the seko handlers have the crucial job of prying the bulls apart. The role of the seko requires speed, intuition, and technical skill, including skill with rope and agility in chasing angry bulls to avoid collisions. "]
[7919,"新潟県","小千谷市","食","へぎそば","へぎそば","hegi soba","そばは日本各地で食されていますが、小千谷の特産品であるへぎそばには、独自の工夫が見られます。","Soba (buckwheat) noodles are eaten throughout Japan, but Ojiya’s local specialty, hegi soba, has a unique twist: the buckwheat flour is mixed into a paste with funori, a delicate red seaweed that grows on rocks by the seashore. "]
[7920,"新潟県","小千谷市","その他","雪国","ゆきぐに","snow country","小千谷市がある新潟県越後地方は、その降雪量の多さと厳しい冬から、「雪国」と呼ばれます。","Niigata Prefecture’s Echigo region, where Ojiya is located, is called “snow country” for its heavy snowfall and extreme winters. "]
[7921,"新潟県","小千谷市","芸能・興行・イベント","ひな人形","ひなにんぎょう","hina","3月上旬のひな祭りの際は、店頭や家庭でひな人形が飾られます。ひな祭りは、女子を尊重し、その幸せと健康が続くことを祈って、日本全国で行われます。","During the Doll Festival (Hina Matsuri) in early March, ornamental dolls called hina are displayed in shops and homes. Hina Matsuri is observed throughout Japan to honor girls and to pray for their continued health and happiness. "]
[7922,"新潟県","小千谷市","芸能・興行・イベント","獅子舞","ししまい","shishimai","7月中旬の二荒神社祭礼 (獅子舞) の際は、獅子舞の衣装に身を包んだ演者たちが、獅子という神話的な生き物の動きをまねつつ、小千谷市の中心部を舞い進みます。","During the Nikko Shrine Shishimai (lion dance) Festival in mid-July, performers dressed as shishimai lions dance through the city center, mimicking the mythical creature’s movements. "]
[7923,"新潟県","小千谷市","芸能・興行・イベント","四尺玉花火","よんしゃくだまはなび","Yonshakudama firework","片貝まつりのハイライトは、巨大な四尺玉花火です。これは世界でも最大級の花火であり、直径は約800メートルあります。片貝まつりでは、合計約15,000発のまばゆい花火が打ち上げられます。","The highlight of the show is the enormous Yonshakudama firework. It is one of the largest in the world, measuring approximately 800 meters across. A total of around 15,000 dazzling fireworks are launched during the festival. "]
[7924,"新潟県","小千谷市","動物","南部牛 (短角牛)","なんぶうし (たんかくぎゅう)","Nambu shorthorn bulls","角突きとして知られるこの伝統的な「闘牛」は、1,000年以上にわたって続く風習です。競技は刺激的で、観客は、勢子がけしかける力強い南部牛 (短角牛) が角を突き合わせるのを観覧することができます。","Traditional “bull sumo,” known as tsunotsuki, is a custom that has lasted for over a thousand years. The matches are exciting, and spectators can watch strong Nambu shorthorn bulls lock horns, while handlers urge them on. "]
[7925,"新潟県","小千谷市","自然現象","雲海","うんかい","unkai","山本山高原の東側では、信濃川と魚野川という2つの大きな川が合流しています。川から立ち上る大量のもやにより、雲海、ブロッケン現象、霧虹 (白虹) といった自然現象が起こることがあります。","Two large rivers, the Shinano and Uono rivers, intersect at the east side of the highland. Natural phenomena such as unkai (a sea of clouds), Brocken spectres, and fog bows (white rainbows) sometimes occur due to large amounts of mist rising from the rivers. "]
[7926,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","名主","なぬし","village headman","世襲で名主を務めていた。","Its family heads held the hereditary position of village headman."]
[7927,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","建造物等","口留番所","くちどめばんしょ","government checkpoint","1700年代後半から江戸時代末期にかけて、和田家は白川郷への人や物の出入りを管理する口留番所の一つを監督する役割を担っていた。","From the late 1700s to the end of the Edo period, the Wada were tasked with overseeing a government checkpoint that regulated the flow of people and goods into and out of Shirakawa-go."]
[7928,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","建造物等","土間","どま","earthen-floored area","一般的な合掌造りの建物は、家畜を飼っていた土間に通じる正面玄関が1つだけある。","A typical building of this kind has only one front entrance that leads into an earthen-floored area where farm animals were kept."]
[7929,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","建造物等","土壁","つちかべ","earthen wall","また、木造に比べて耐火性に優れた漆喰の土壁も特徴的だ。","Also of note are the house’s plastered earthen walls, which are more fire-resistant than wooden walls."]
[7930,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","建造物等","板倉","いたくら","grain storehouse","そのうちの二つ、「板倉」と「稲架小屋」は、いずれも母屋から少し離れた北側に位置している。","Two of these, the grain storehouse (hasagura) and the drying shed (hasagoya) are both located on the northern part of the estate, some distance from the main house. "]
[7931,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","建造物等","稲架小屋","はさごや","drying shed","そのうちの二つ、「板倉」と「稲架小屋」は、いずれも母屋から少し離れた北側に位置している。","Two of these, the grain storehouse (hasagura) and the drying shed (hasagoya) are both located on the northern part of the estate, some distance from the main house. "]
[7932,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","仏壇","ぶつだん","Buddhist family altar","建物の330平方メートルの1階部分には、囲炉裏を中心とした広い居間や、主に客を迎えるための畳の部屋、仏壇、家族の寝室などの生活空間がある。","The living quarters of the house occupy the 330-square-meter first floor, including a large living room with an irori sunken fireplace at the center, tatami-mat rooms that were mostly used for receiving guests, a Buddhist family altar, and the rooms where family members slept. "]
[7933,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","植物","イチイ（一位）","いちい","Japanese yew","明善寺鐘楼門の左側の段丘に立つイチイ（Taxus cuspidata）の木は、1827年に本堂の完成を記念して植樹されたものである。","The Japanese yew tree (ichii; Taxus cuspidata) that stands on terraced ground on the left side of Myozenji Temple’s Shoromon Gate was planted to mark the completion of the temple’s main hall in 1827."]
[7934,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","動物","獅子","しし","guardian lion (shishi)","祭壇の扉の上には金色の欄間があり、獅子や天使のような「天女」、縁起の良い花や植物の彫刻が施されている。","Above the altar doors runs the gilded openwork of a ranma transom decorated with carvings of guardian lions (shishi), angel-like celestials called tennyo, and auspicious flowers and plants.  "]
[7935,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","天女","てんにょ","tennyo","祭壇の扉の上には金色の欄間があり、獅子や天使のような「天女」、縁起の良い花や植物の彫刻が施されている。","Above the altar doors runs the gilded openwork of a ranma transom decorated with carvings of guardian lions (shishi), angel-like celestials called tennyo, and auspicious flowers and plants.  "]
[7936,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","工芸・美術品","四条派","しじょうは","Shijo school","欄間の下にある襖には京都の四条派の画家、垣内右嶙（1825-1891）の鶴と松の絵が描かれている。","The sliding doors underneath the transom feature paintings of cranes and pine trees by Kaito Yurin (1825–1891), an artist of the Kyoto-based Shijo school."]
[7937,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","植物","おおたザクラ","おおたざくら","otazakura","荻町の本覚寺入口の左手にある大きな桜は、おおたザクラと呼ばれる遅咲きの桜で、花びらの大きさが特徴的な希少種である。","The sprawling cherry tree just left of the entrance to Honkakuji Temple in the village of Ogimachi is an otazakura, a rare species of late-blooming cherry with distinctively large petals."]
[7938,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","植物","トチ（栃）","とち","Japanese horse-chestnut","静かな稗田集落の道路沿いにトチ（Aesculus turbinata）の巨木が立つ。","A giant Japanese horse-chestnut tree (tochi; Aesculus turbinata) stands just off the main road in the quiet village of Hieda."]
[7939,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","夫婦岩","ふうふいわ","fufuiwa (“husband and wife rocks”)","この「夫婦岩」の間の狭い空間が人間界と神界の境界であると信じられていた。","The narrow space between these fufuiwa (“husband and wife rocks”) was believed to mark the boundary between this world and the world of the divine."]
[7940,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","修行道場","しゅぎょうどうじょう","training hall (dojo)","近隣の有力者である山下氏の協力を得て、親鸞の教えを広めるための拠点となる修行道場を設立した。","With the help of the influential Yamashita family, who lived nearby, he established a training hall (dojo) as a base for spreading Shinran’s teachings."]
[7941,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","遊行僧","ゆぎょうそう","itinerant priest","浄土真宗の開祖・親鸞（1173-1263）の弟子で、13世紀に白川に浄土真宗を伝えたとされる遊行僧・嘉念坊善俊。","Kanenbo Zenshun was an itinerant priest who is believed to have introduced Jodo Shinshu (True Pure Land) Buddhism to the Shirakawa area in the thirteenth century. "]
[7942,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","祖先崇拝","そせんすうはい","ancestor worship","祖先崇拝、つまり死者を供養するための墓を整備することは、日本では遠い古代から宗教生活の中核をなしていた。","Ancestor worship, centered on the maintenance of tombs to memorialize the dead, has been a core element of religious life in Japan since antiquity."]
[7943,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","依代","よりしろ","yorishiro","拝殿の正面にある岩は「依代（よりしろ）」と呼ばれるもので、神様を呼び寄せ、神事の際、その魂が宿る場所として機能していた。","The rock formation directly in front of the worship hall functioned as a yorishiro, or an object capable of attracting a deity and providing its spirit a place to occupy during religious ceremonies."]
[7944,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","祓戸","はらえど","haraedo","拝殿の正面から見て右側には、小さな木が輪になっているが、これは「祓戸（はらえど）」と呼ばれる、お祓いをする場所である。","To the right as seen from the front of the worship hall is a circle of smaller trees that marks the site of a haraedo, or place of ritual purification."]
[7945,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","空堀","からぼり","dry moat","城は使われなくなり、今では生い茂った空堀がかつての機能を物語っている。","The fortress fell into disuse, and now only the overgrown dry moat hints at the site’s former function."]
[7946,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","史跡","高札","こうさつ","kosatsu","また、江戸幕府や飛騨地方の中心地である高山の代官が定めた規則を記載した「高札」も設置されていた。","The checkpoints also displayed kosatsu, official notice boards listing rules and regulations issued by the government in Edo or by its representative in the castle town of Takayama, the capital of Hida."]
[7947,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","植物","ケヤキ（欅）","けやき","zelkova","巨石の上にはケヤキの大木があり、岩の周りや上には石が積まれている。","A giant zelkova (keyaki) tree grows on top of it, and stones have been arranged in piles all around and on top of the boulder."]
[7948,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","植物","ユキツバキ（雪椿）","ゆきつばき","snow camellia","ブナ、トチノキ（Aesculus turbinata）、シャクナゲ、ユキツバキ（Camellia rusticana）などが代表的な植物である。","Characteristic species include beeches, the Japanese horse-chestnut (tochi; Aesculus turbinata), rhododendrons, and the snow camellia (yukitsubaki; Camellia rusticana)."]
[7949,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","その他","旧白川街道","きゅうしらかわかいどう","old Shirakawa Road","20世紀初頭まで、旧白川街道は、白川をはじめとする庄川流域の主要道路だった。","Until the early twentieth century, the old Shirakawa Road, or Shirakawa Kaido, was the main road through Shirakawa and the rest of the Sho River valley."]
[7950,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","国司","こくし","local governor","浄土真宗の信者が日本の各地で国司や大名に反抗していたことが動機として挙げられる。","He was motivated by the fact that followers of Jodo Shinshu had rebelled against local governors and daimyo lords in several parts of Japan."]
[7951,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","植物","エノキ（榎）","えのき","Japanese hackberry","飯島八幡神社にある樹齢500年以上といわれるエノキ（Celtis sinensis）は、古くから地元では神聖な木とされてきた。","The majestic Japanese hackberry (enoki; Celtis sinensis) tree at Iijima Hachiman Shrine is thought to be more than 500 years old and has long been considered sacred in the local community."]
[7952,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","社叢","しゃそう","shrine grove","杉を主体とした白川八幡神社の社叢は、神の領域と考えられており、それ自体が信仰の対象となっている。","The trees are part of the Shirakawa Hachiman shrine grove, which is thought to be the domain of the divine and is in itself an object of worship."]
[7953,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","植物","ミズバショウ（水芭蕉）","みずばしょう","mizubasho","中でも有名なのがミズバショウ（Lysichiton camtschatcensis）で、主に池の奥に群生する。","The most famous of these species is mizubasho (swamp lantern; Lysichiton camtschatcensis), which grows in large colonies mainly at the pond’s far end."]
[7954,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","植物","カタクリ（片栗）","かたくり","katakuri","池には、ミズバショウに続いて紫やピンクの花を咲かせるカタクリ（Erythronium japonicum）も生息している。","Other notable plants in the pond include katakuri (Asian fawn lily; Erythronium japonicum), whose purple and pink blooms follow those of the mizubasho."]
[7955,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","植物","ザゼンソウ（座禅草）","ざぜんそう","zazenso","この花鞘の形が座禅を組んでいる姿に似ていることから、「座禅草」と呼ばれるようになった。","The shape of these sheaths is said to resemble a Buddhist monk engaged in zazen, or seated meditation, hence the name zazenso (“zazen plant”)."]
[7956,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","動物","ギフチョウ（岐阜蝶）","ぎふちょう","Gifu butterfly","また、5月頃から見られる黄白色の縞模様のギフチョウ（Luehdorfia japonica）などもこの池に生息している。","Also native to the pond are creatures like the yellow-and-white-striped Gifu butterfly (Luehdorfia japonica), which can be seen fluttering around the area from May."]
[7957,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","食","チャノコ（茶の子）","ちゃのこ","chanoko","豆腐や野菜を中心に、お茶と果物や木の実を使ったお菓子（チャノコ）が出される。","The meals center around tofu and vegetables along with a serving of tea and sweets (chanoko) made with fruit and nuts."]
[7958,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","植物","シダレザクラ（枝垂れ桜）","しだれざくら","weeping cherry","常徳寺の墓地にそびえ立つ2本のシダレザクラは樹齢250〜300年と推定される。","The twin weeping cherry trees that tower over the cemetery at Jotokuji Temple are between 250 and 300 years old."]
[7959,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","建造物等","構","かまえ","door sill","また、寝床の横にある「構」が高くなっているのもこのような古い家の特徴である。","Another feature typical of older houses of this kind is the raised door sill by the room used for sleeping."]
[7960,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","建造物等","鴨居","かもい","lintel","奥の部屋と居間は、重厚な鴨居の下の引き戸で仕切られており、この鴨居は構造全体を支える役割も果たしている。","The inner rooms are separated from the living room and each other with sliding doors set into the heavy lintels that also support the structure as a whole."]
[7961,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","建造物等","弁柄","べんがら","bengara","その先の畳の部屋の壁は、弁柄（ベンガラ）と呼ばれる酸化鉄系の顔料で赤紫色に塗られている。","The walls of the tatami-mat rooms beyond these doors are painted a purplish-red color using an iron oxide-based pigment called bengara."]
[7962,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","人物・人名・役職名","天照大神","あまてらすおおかみ","Amaterasu","長瀬神明神社は、神道で最も偉大な神である天照大神を祀っている。","Nagase Shinmei Shrine is dedicated to the sun goddess Amaterasu, the most important of the deities in the Shinto pantheon."]
[7963,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","社会","一向一揆","いっこういっき","Ikko-ikki","大名支配に反対し、宗教的・政治的自立を目指す浄土真宗の運動である一向一揆で指導的な役割を果たした仏師・慶心坊。","Kyoshinbo was a leader in the Ikko-ikki uprisings, a Jodo Shinshu (True Pure Land) Buddhist movement that opposed the rule of local daimyo lords and pursued religious as well as political autonomy."]
[7964,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","直会","なおらい","naorai","家主の家族は日中は他の村人に軽食を出し、茅葺き屋根の交換が完了したら、参加者全員が参加できる「直会（なおらい）」と呼ばれる食事会を行う。","Members of the house owner’s family serve refreshments during the day, and together with other villagers prepare a feast locally called naorai for all participants once the roof has been thatched."]
[7965,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","その他","結帳","ゆいちょう","yui-cho","現存する最古の結帳は1792年からのもので、この結帳は、白川郷で2世紀以上にわたって屋根の茅葺きが共同で行われてきたことの証明になっている。","The oldest yui-cho still in existence is from 1792, proving that roof thatching has been a cooperative undertaking in Shirakawa-go for more than two centuries."]
[7966,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","社会","シンガイ","しんがい","shingai","それは、「シンガイ」と呼ばれる制度を利用して、通常の仕事を休ませることである。","This was done by allowing them time off from their regular duties through a system called shingai."]
[7967,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","食","山菜","さんさい","wild plants","シンガイ日には、夫婦と子供が一緒に過ごしたり、指定された小さな畑を耕したり、山で木の実や山菜を採ったりする。","On shingai days, the husband, wife, and their children could spend time together, work a small field designated for them, or pick berries and wild plants in the mountains."]
[7968,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","集落・街","越中国","えっちゅうのくに","Etchu Province","飛騨国（現岐阜県北部）の首都であり行政中心地でもあった高山と越中国（現富山県）を結んでいた。","It connected the administrative center of Takayama, which was the capital of Hida Province (now northern Gifu Prefecture), with Etchu Province (present-day Toyama Prefecture)."]
[7969,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","山城","やまじろ","hilltop fort","庄川沿いにいくつもの山城を築き、敵対する武家の侵入から領地を守った。","They built a series of hilltop forts along the Sho River to protect their domains from incursions by rival families.","※「山城」は「castle」と表記されることが多いが、ヨーロッパなどの城を連想させるため、実態と合わない場合が多い。「castle」を避け、「fort」と表現すれば外国人旅行者にとって想像しやすい。"]
[7970,"岐阜県","多治見市多言語整備協議会","建造物等","吹き付けタイル","ふきつけたいる","spray-glazed tile(s)","この円錐形は、底部の手で鋳造されたタイルから、上部の機械で作られた吹き付けタイルまで、タイル製造技術の進化を示していて、目を引くものである。","The arrangement of the eye-catching cone depicts the evolution of tile-making techniques, from the hand-cast tiles at its base to the machine-made, spray-glazed tiles at its top."]
[7971,"岐阜県","多治見市多言語整備協議会","その他","手動施釉噴霧器","しゅどうせゆうふんむき","glaze-sprayer","また、アンティークのハンドプレスや、農機具を改造した初期の手動施釉噴霧器、タイルによる複雑な模様を作る前に使用する「貼り板」など、タイル製造に使われたさまざまな道具も展示されている。","The exhibit also contains a variety of tools and equipment used in tile manufacturing, including an antique hand press, an early glaze-sprayer made from repurposed agricultural equipment, and a large collection of the hari-ban mounting boards that tilemakers use to assemble complex tile patterns before applying them. "]
[7972,"岐阜県","多治見市多言語整備協議会","その他","結合剤","けつごうざい","binder","右側の小さな方は、粉末状の粘土に珪酸や長石などの結合剤を混ぜて型に押し込んだ乾式磁器である。","The smaller ones on the right are dry-pressed porcelain, which is made by mixing powdered clay with a binder, such as silicate or feldspar, and pressing it into a mold."]
[7973,"岐阜県","多治見市多言語整備協議会","建造物等","敷瓦","しきがわら","shikigawara","これは日本のタイルの前身で、陶製の敷石「敷瓦」の一例である。","This is an example of a shikigawara, a type of ceramic paving stone that was a precursor to tiles in Japan."]
[7974,"岐阜県","多治見市多言語整備協議会","建造物等","鉄筋コンクリート","てっきんこんくりいと","reinforced-concrete","この建物は1998年まで使われていたが、鉄筋コンクリート造の新しい建物を建てるために取り壊された。","The building was used until 1998, when it was torn down to make room for a new reinforced-concrete structure.","※名詞として使用する場合はハイフンが不要です。"]
[7975,"岐阜県","多治見市多言語整備協議会","建造物等","天窓","てんまど","oculus","階段を上がるにつれて通路は狭くなり、強制的に遠近感が生まれ、最後は4階の天窓から降り注ぐ光が爆発するかのようである。","The passage gradually narrows to create a forced sense of perspective, then ends in an explosion of light from the oculus on the fourth floor.","※窓の枠が四角い場合は「Skylight」という英語が使われます。"]
[7976,"岐阜県","多治見市多言語整備協議会","博物館・美術館","展示ブース","てんじぶうす","showroom(s)","館内ではタイル作りのワークショップが行われており、2階にはタイルの装飾的な可能性を紹介する16の展示ブースがある。","Tile-making workshops are held at the museum, and its second floor has sixteen showrooms that showcase the decorative possibilities of tile.","※主に商品が陳列されている場所を示します"]
[7977,"岐阜県","多治見市多言語整備協議会","岩石・洞窟","沖積粘土","ちゅうせきねんど","alluvial clay","この谷は、1300年以上も前から、3つの環境要因によって陶磁器の生産拠点となっている。1つ目は、古代の湖が残した沖積粘土である。","Three environmental factors have made this valley a center of ceramic production for over 1,300 years. The first is alluvial clay left behind by an ancient lake."]
[7978,"岐阜県","多治見市多言語整備協議会","その他","無機成分","むきせいぶん"," inorganic elements","この釉薬は、灰に含まれるシリカやカルシウムなどの無機成分が粘土と溶け合ってできたものである。","This glazing occurs when inorganic elements in the ash, such as silica and calcium, melt and fuse with the clay. "]
[7979,"岐阜県","多治見市多言語整備協議会","食","籾殻","もみがら","rice husks ","茶碗の底に跡が残っていることからもわかるように、各茶碗の間にはそれらを分けるための籾殻が置かれていた。","Rice husks were layered between the pieces to separate them, leaving imprints that can be seen on the bases of the bowls."]
[7980,"岐阜県","多治見市多言語整備協議会","その他","分煙柱","ぶんえんばしら","smoke-dividing pillar","焼成室の前にある柱は、窯の屋根を支えるものではない。これらの耐火性の石柱は「分煙柱」と呼ばれる。","This fire-resistant stone column is called a “smoke-dividing pillar” (bun’en-bashira)."]
[7981,"岐阜県","多治見市多言語整備協議会","その他","蓋つきの覗き穴","ふたつきののぞきあな","stoppered peepholes ","もう一つの重要な技術的変化は、陶工が焼成の進捗状況を確認できるように、蓋付きの覗き穴を設けたことだ。","Another important technological change was the addition of stoppered peepholes, which allowed potters to check on the progress of the firing.","※「色見穴」という日本語にも当てはまります。"]
[7982,"岐阜県","多治見市多言語整備協議会","工芸・美術品","茶道具","ちゃどうぐ","tea implements ","この展示では、美濃焼と茶の湯の間に存在する重要な接点を、多くの茶道具を展示することで証明している。","In this exhibit, the important intersection of Mino ware and tea ceremony is evidenced by the many tea implements on display. ","※「茶器」（tea utensils）を含めます。"]
[7983,"岐阜県","多治見市多言語整備協議会","その他","光沢","こうたく","glossy finish","瀬戸黒は高鉄分の釉薬を使い、赤熱した状態で窯から出し、水に浸して急冷することで光沢を出す。","Pieces are pulled out of the kiln while still red hot, then rapidly cooled by plunging them in water, which gives them a glossy finish."]
[7984,"岐阜県","多治見市多言語整備協議会","工芸・美術品","脱滴","だってき","devitrification","黄味が強く、脱滴（釉薬の結晶化）によるザラザラとした質感をもつ黄瀬戸は、「あやめ手」、あるいは「油揚手」と呼ばれた。","Kizeto ware with a particularly strong yellow color and a rough texture from devitrification (crystallization of the glaze) was called “iris technique” (ayame-de) or “fried-tofu-skin technique” (aburaage-de)."]
[7985,"岐阜県","多治見市多言語整備協議会","その他","酸化鉄の顔料","さんかてつ・の・がんりょう","iron oxide pigment","この性質を利用して、陶工たちは成形した作品に酸化鉄の顔料で絵柄を描き、志野に釉薬をかけた。","Potters utilized this quality by painting designs with iron oxide pigment onto the formed pieces before glazing them."]
[7986,"岐阜県","多治見市多言語整備協議会","その他","燃焼室","ねんしょうしつ","firing chamber","大窯のように焼成室が1つの場合は、数日かけて窯を冷やしてから作品を取り出す必要がある。","A kiln with a single firing chamber, such as an ōgama, must be left to cool for several days before the pieces can be removed."]
[7987,"岐阜県","多治見市多言語整備協議会","その他","配色","はいしょく","color schemes","対照的に、織部では、形や配色に非対称性が見られる。","In contrast, Oribe ware embraced asymmetrical shapes and imbalanced color schemes."]
[7988,"岐阜県","多治見市多言語整備協議会","史跡","出土品","しゅつどひん","artifacts","美濃最古の登窯があるだけでなく、出土品から織部の発祥の地である可能性も指摘されている。","In addition to being the location of the oldest noborigama in Mino, pottery artifacts unearthed there suggest the site may also be the birthplace of Oribe ware."]
[7989,"岐阜県","多治見市多言語整備協議会","工芸・美術品","ビードロ釉","びいどろゆう","vidro glaze","高温の薪窯の中で、長石が木灰と反応して、伊賀の有名なビードロ釉に似た自然な緑の釉薬が作られる。","In a high-temperature wood-fired kiln, the feldspar reacts with wood ash, creating a natural greenish glaze similar to Iga’s famous vidro glaze."]
[7990,"岐阜県","多治見市多言語整備協議会","工芸・美術品","摺絵","すりえ","sprigging\n","また、御深井の陶工たちは、装飾は手描きではなく、摺絵や貼り付けによって行う傾向があった。","Potters making Ofuke ware also tended to use stencils and sprigging techniques for ornamentation rather than painting their designs freehand."]
[7991,"岐阜県","多治見市多言語整備協議会","食","合","ごう","gō","当時、日本酒は「合」という単位で量り売りされていた。","At the time, sake was sold by volume in units called gō, equivalent to about 180 milliliters."]
[7992,"岐阜県","多治見市多言語整備協議会","その他","珪酸塩の成分","けいさんえん・の・せいぶん","silicate minerals","反対に、美濃や瀬戸の粘土は土器には適していたが、磁器に必要な珪酸塩の成分を含んでいなかった。","However, the popularity of porcelain presented a challenge. Porcelain from China, Korea, and the Arita region of Kyushu is made from clay that contains silicate minerals, such as feldspar and kaolinite."]
[7993,"岐阜県","多治見市多言語整備協議会","工芸・美術品","呉須","ごす","asbolite","この青色は、コバルトを多く含む鉱物の集合体である呉須を用いて伝統的に作られている。","The blue color is traditionally produced using asbolite, a cobalt-rich mineral aggregate."]
[7994,"岐阜県","多治見市多言語整備協議会","工芸・美術品","装飾","そうしょく","ornamentation ","織部の装飾も同様に個人の解釈に委ねられ、写実性よりも様式化されたモチーフが好まれる傾向にある。","The ornamentation of Oribe ware is similarly open to individual interpretation and tends to favor stylized motifs over realism."]
[7995,"岐阜県","多治見市多言語整備協議会","書物","業界紙","ぎょうかいし","trade newspaper","その数年後には、陶磁器の実業家である加藤助三郎（1856-1908）が中国、インド、アメリカ、南アフリカなどに美濃焼の販路を開拓し、日本初の陶磁器業界紙を創刊した。","A few years later, ceramics industrialist Katō Sukesaburō (1856–1908) established outlets for Mino ceramics in China, India, the United States, and South Africa, and he founded Japan’s first ceramics trade newspaper."]
[7996,"岐阜県","多治見市多言語整備協議会","工芸・美術品","志野の陶片","しの・の・とうへん","a shard of Shino pottery","その2日後、彼は牟田洞（現在の可児）の窯跡を見つけて発掘を開始し、同じタケノコの紋が入った志野の陶片を掘り出した。","Two days later, he located and began excavating the site of a kiln in Mutabora (now Kani), where he dug out a shard of Shino pottery with the same bamboo shoot crest."]
[7997,"岐阜県","多治見市多言語整備協議会","工芸・美術品","色絵","いろえ","Iroe ","色絵とは、釉薬をかけて高温で焼いた陶器に、色のついた模様を描く上絵付けのことだ。その後、陶器を低温で再焼成し、2層の釉薬を融合させる。","Iroe (literally, “polychrome decorated”) refers to a style of overglazing where colored patterns are painted onto previously glazed and high-fired pottery."]
[7998,"岐阜県","多治見市多言語整備協議会","工芸・美術品","白磁","はくじ","hakuji ","特に白磁に長石や生石灰などの融剤を混ぜた透明な木灰釉をかけた「白磁」に関心があった。","Tsukamoto was particularly interested in hakuji, white porcelain covered in a transparent wood-ash glaze mixed with feldspar, quicklime, or other fluxes."]
[7999,"岐阜県","多治見市多言語整備協議会","工芸・美術品","薪窯","まきがま","wood-burning kiln","1960年代からは、より高度な管理と安定した焼成を実現するために、薪窯ではなくガス窯を使用している。","Since the 1960s, he has been using a gas kiln rather than a wood-burning kiln to achieve a greater degree of control and consistency when firing. "]
[8000,"岐阜県","多治見市多言語整備協議会","工芸・美術品","ろくろ","ろくろ","potter’s wheel ","また、加藤は電気ろくろよりも、電気を使わないろくろを愛用している。","Katō also favors a nonelectric potter’s wheel  over an electric one."]
[8001,"岐阜県","多治見市多言語整備協議会","工芸・美術品","ラスター彩","らすたあさい","lusterware","加藤はペルシャ陶器に深い関心を持ち、ラスター彩などに使われる低温釉薬の研究に取り組んだ。","Takuo had a deep interest in Persian ceramics that led him to study other low-temperature glazes, such as those used in lusterware."]
[8002,"岐阜県","多治見市多言語整備協議会","その他","常設","じょうせつ","permanent displays ","1300年もの間、途切れることなく続いてきた地域の陶芸文化である美濃焼の現在を反映した常設展示と企画展を行っている。","Our permanent displays and special exhibitions reflect the current state of Mino ware (Mino-yaki), a local ceramics culture that has continued unbroken for 1,300 years."]
[8003,"岐阜県","多治見市多言語整備協議会","工芸・美術品","陶芸の拠点","とうげい・の・きょてん","ceramics center  ","また、他のギャラリーや美術館などにも貸し出しを行い、多治見の陶芸の拠点として、国内外の陶芸文化の発展に貢献している。","They are also loaned out to art museums and other galleries to promote Tajimi as a ceramics center and to support the development of ceramics culture throughout Japan and the world. "]
[8004,"岐阜県","多治見市多言語整備協議会","植物","大王松","だいおうまつ","longleaf pine","この美術館は、中央の庭園にある大王松を中心に設計されている。","The museum was designed and built around a longleaf pine tree that stands in the central garden."]
[8005,"岐阜県","多治見市多言語整備協議会","工芸・美術品","金襴手","きんらんで","kinrande  ","五代加藤幸兵衛(1893-1982)は、青磁や金襴手など、中国の様式を取り入れた作品を制作した。","Kōbei Katō V (1893–1982) expanded production into other Chinese styles, including celadon and kinrande (gold-leaf overglaze). "]
[8006,"岐阜県","多治見市多言語整備協議会","工芸・美術品","唐草模様","からくさもんよう","arabesque  ","ペルシャ唐草模様のタイル壁画、ラスター彩、ペルシャブルーの陶器、1995年に人間国宝に指定された三彩釉などの作品が展示されている。","The works displayed here include Persian arabesque tile murals, lusterware, Persian blue ceramics, and examples of the sansai (three-color) glazing technique that earned Takuo the designation of Living National Treasure in 1995. "]
[8007,"岐阜県","多治見市多言語整備協議会","工芸・美術品","三彩","さんさい","sansai ","1995年には「三彩」の再現が評価され、人間国宝に認定されている。","In 1995, he was designated a Living National Treasure in recognition of his rediscovery of sansai, or “three-color,” glazing techniques."]
[8008,"岐阜県","多治見市多言語整備協議会","その他","人生十杯","じんせいじゅうはい","life’s ten cups ","「人生十盃」という言葉があるように、日本酒は日本人の人生の中で最も重要な場面の多くに登場する。","Sake is a part of many of the most important occasions in a Japanese person’s life, as expressed by the idea of “life’s ten cups” (jinsei jūhai)."]
[8009,"岐阜県","多治見市多言語整備協議会","食","盃","さかずき","sakazuki","さかづきとは、直径6センチほどの縁のある小さな茶托型の酒器のことである。","Sakazuki are small, rimmed, saucer-shaped sake cups of about six centimeters in diameter. "]
[8010,"岐阜県","多治見市多言語整備協議会","その他","急速な工業化","きゅうそく・な・こうぎょうか"," rapid industrialization  ","1867年に徳川幕府の長い鎖国時代が終わり、急速な工業化、西洋化、国際貿易の時代が到来した。","The country’s long period of self-isolation under the Tokugawa shogunate ended in 1867, ushering in a period of rapid industrialization and Westernization as well as international trade."]
[8011,"岐阜県","多治見市多言語整備協議会","工芸・美術品","石膏型","せっこうがた","plaster molds ","プレスやスリップキャストに石膏型が導入され、石炭や石油を使った窯も登場した。","The use of plaster molds for both pressing and slip-casting were introduced, as were coal- and oil-fired kilns."]
[8012,"岐阜県","多治見市多言語整備協議会","食","可盃","べくはい","bekuhai","展示ケースの左側には、酒宴で使われた奇妙な形の酒器「可盃」が展示されている。","The left side of the case displays bekuhai, oddly shaped sake cups that are used in drinking games."]
[8013,"岐阜県","多治見市多言語整備協議会","建造物等","休憩室","きゅうけいしつ","break area","1階および地下1階には、絵付け工房、プレイルーム、絵本ライブラリー、休憩室など、さまざまな活動スペースが設けられている。","The first floor and basement have various activity spaces, including a ceramics-painting workshop, play room, picture book library, and a break area."]
[8014,"岐阜県","高山市","書物","書物","しょもつ","personal writings","館内には金森家の殿様が身に着けていた鎧や書物の見本などが展示されている。","The museum’s collection includes armor worn by the Kanamori lords and samples of their personal writings."]
[8015,"岐阜県","高山市","紋章等 ","屋号","やごう","tradename","当時は武士にしか苗字を名乗ることが許されていなかったため、永田家は「大阪屋」という屋号で呼ばれていた。","At the time, only members of the samurai class were allowed to use family names, and the Nagata family was known instead by the tradename “Ōsaka-ya.”"]
[8016,"岐阜県","高山市","人物・人名・役職名","町奉行","まちぶぎょう","town headman","矢嶋茂右衛門（?-1673）は高山の初代町奉行となり、金森家が支配していた広大な森林の管理を特別に許可された。","Yajima Moemon (d. 1673) became the first town headman  of Takayama, and the family was given special license to manage the vast forests controlled by the Kanamori family."]
[8017,"岐阜県","高山市","集落・街","旧市街","きゅうしがい","old town","山王祭は、高山の歴史的な旧市街の南に位置する日枝神社の神々を祀り、八幡祭は北東に位置する桜山八幡宮の神々を祀る。","The Sannō Festival venerates the kami of Hie Jinja Shrine, located south of Takayama’s historic old town, and the Hachiman Festival venerates the kami of Sakurayama Hachimangū Shrine, to the northeast.  "]
[8018,"岐阜県","高山市","工芸・美術品","からくり","からくり","mechanical puppets and clockwork automata ","からくりとは、江戸時代（1603〜1867）末期に流行した娯楽の一つである機械人形や時計仕掛けの自動人形のこと。","Karakuri are mechanical puppets and clockwork automata  that were a popular source of entertainment in the late Edo period (1603–1867)."]
[8019,"岐阜県","高山市","建造物等","屋台","やたい","float or yatai","高山の屋台組はそれぞれ独自に屋台を製作し、伝統的に屋台組の間でデザインや装飾を競い合っていた。","Each neighborhood in Takayama built its own float, or yatai, and traditionally there was fierce rivalry between the neighborhoods in designing and decorating the most spectacular floats."]
[8020,"岐阜県","高山市","建造物等","町屋","まちや","machiya","その結果、高山の美しい町並みは、ほとんどが江戸時代（1603-1867）に商人や職人が住んでいた町家で構成されている。","As a result, Takayama’s beautifully preserved old town consists almost entirely of machiya, houses where merchants and artisans lived and worked during the Edo period (1603–1867). "]
[8021,"岐阜県","高山市","建造物等","土路もしくは土間","どじもしくはどま","earthen-floored passage (doji or doma)","また、店先と奥の居室をつなぐ土路もしくは土間と呼ばれる廊下が設けられていた。","A narrow, earthen-floored passage (doji or doma)  connects the storefront to the living quarters at the back."]
[8022,"岐阜県","高山市","建造物等","板葺","いたぶき","wooden shingles","高山の町家は、京都や江戸の町家と違って瓦屋根がほとんどなく、ほとんどが板葺と呼ばれる木製の板で覆われていたが、現在は鉄板で覆われている。","Unlike the town houses of Kyoto and Edo, Takayama machiya rarely had tile roofs, and most were instead clad with wooden shingles."]
[8023,"岐阜県","高山市","社会","一升","いっしょう","1 shō (about 600 grams) ","その対価として、一人当たり一日2升（約1.2Kg）の米と、一升（約600g）の塩が与えられた。","In exchange for their services, each worker was allocated 2 shō (about 1.2 kilograms) of rice a day and 1 shō (about 600 grams) of salt each month."]
[8024,"岐阜県","高山市","組織・団体","江戸幕府","えどばくふ","government in Edo","江戸幕府の直轄地となり、高山は黄金時代を迎えた。","Under the direct control of the government in Edo, the town grew into its golden age."]
[8025,"岐阜県","高山市","工芸・美術品","根付","ねつけ","netsuke (sculptured toggles) ","また、徳川政権下の長い平和な時代が続くと、有力な武士の家を建てたり、精巧な根付などを販売したりしていた。","As the long peace under the Tokugawa continued, they built the homes of prominent samurai and sold intricate netsuke (sculptured toggles) and other objects."]
[8026,"岐阜県","高山市","建造物等","茶室","ちゃしつ","tea room (chashitsu)","しかし、高山城の本丸には何十もの部屋があり、風呂や町を見下ろす茶室もあったことから、ここで客をもてなしていたのかもしれない。","However, Takayama Castle’s main keep had dozens of rooms, including bath and a tea room (chashitsu) that looked out over the town, indicating that guests may have been entertained there. "]
[8027,"愛知県","一般社団法人ツーリズムとよた","組織・団体","挙母藩","ころもはん","Koromo domain","鎌倉時代（1185年〜1333年）には、挙母藩の一部だった現在の豊田市周辺にいくつかの城が築かれていた。","In the Kamakura period (1185–1333), fortifications were constructed around modern-day Toyota, which was originally part of Koromo domain. "]
[8028,"愛知県","一般社団法人ツーリズムとよた","城跡・城郭・宮殿","挙母城","ころもじょう","Koromo Castle","挙母城は、現在の豊田市美術館がある丘の上に、1785年に建てられたもので、七州城とも呼ばれている。","Koromo Castle, also known as Shichishu Castle, was built in 1785 on the hill now occupied by the Toyota Municipal Museum of Art."]
[8029,"愛知県","一般社団法人ツーリズムとよた","集落・街","松平郷","まつだいらごう","village of Matsudaira (Matsudaira-go)","豊田市の南東に位置する山間の集落「松平郷」は、日本の歴史上最も影響力のある武家の一つである松平家の発祥の地である。","The village of Matsudaira (Matsudaira-go) in the mountains southeast of central Toyota is the ancestral home of the Matsudaira, one of the most influential samurai families in Japanese history. "]
[8030,"愛知県","一般社団法人ツーリズムとよた","その他","三河国","みかわのくに","Mikawa Province","1500年代半ばには、三河国（現在の愛知県の東半分）の大部分を支配した。","By the mid-1500s, the Matsudaira controlled most of Mikawa Province (the eastern half of present-day Aichi Prefecture)."]
[8031,"愛知県","一般社団法人ツーリズムとよた","史跡","松平氏館跡","まつだいらしやかたあと","site of the former Matsudaira estate","山の麓にあった、そして３方面から堀で守られた松平氏館の跡地に建つ。","The shrine stands on the site of the former Matsudaira estate, a fortified compound at the foot of a steep mountainside that was protected by a moat on three sides."]
[8032,"愛知県","一般社団法人ツーリズムとよた","史跡","国指定史跡「松平氏遺跡」","くにしていしせき まつだいらしいせき","Matsudaira National Historic Site","松平東照宮、高月院、2つの城跡を合わせて、国指定史跡「松平氏遺跡」となっている。","Matsudaira Toshogu Shrine, Kogetsuin Temple, and the two castle sites together make up the Matsudaira National Historic Site."]
[8033,"愛知県","一般社団法人ツーリズムとよた","植物","萩","はぎ","bush clover (hagi)","3～4月には桜、初夏には花菖蒲や紫陽花、秋には萩が咲く。","There are cherry blossoms in March and April, iris and hydrangea in early summer, and bush clover (hagi) in autumn."]
[8034,"愛知県","一般社団法人ツーリズムとよた","食","天下餅","てんかもち","tenkamochi","串に刺さった三つの小さなお餅からなる「天下餅」は、日本の「天下人」3人を象徴している。","Their tenkamochi are three small mochi rice cakes on a skewer that represent the “three great unifiers” of Japan."]
[8035,"愛知県","一般社団法人ツーリズムとよた","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","八幡","はちまん","Hachiman","神社の正式名称は「八幡神社松平東照宮」で、境内には松平家と武家の守護神である八幡も祀られている。","The shrine is officially called Hachiman Matsudaira Toshogu Shrine, and Hachiman, the guardian deity of the Matsudaira and the warrior class, is also enshrined on the grounds."]
[8036,"愛知県","一般社団法人ツーリズムとよた","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","東照宮","とうしょうぐう","Toshogu shrine","松平東照宮は、日本に100以上ある東照宮の一つである。","Matsudaira Toshogu is one of the more than 100 Toshogu shrines in Japan. "]
[8037,"愛知県","一般社団法人ツーリズムとよた","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","拝殿","はいでん","worship hall (haiden)","拝殿の天井には、豊田市在住の漆芸家・安藤則義氏（1947年生まれ）による108枚の草花が描かれている。","The ceiling in the worship hall (haiden) is decorated with 108 images of local flowers and other plants painted by the Toyota-based lacquer artist Ando Noriyoshi (b. 1947)."]
[8038,"愛知県","一般社団法人ツーリズムとよた","その他","宗家","そうけ","main line of the family","松平家の祖である親氏（伝1394年没）の時代から松平宗家はここに居を構えていたと考えられている。","The main line of the family is thought to have resided there from the days of Chikauji (d. 1394?), founder of the family, until the fifteenth century. "]
[8039,"愛知県","一般社団法人ツーリズムとよた","建造物等","権現造","ごんげんづくり","gongen-zukuri","本殿は1931年に建てられた権現造で、江戸時代（1603〜1867）の武士階級が好んだ神社の特徴である。","The Main Shrine was built in 1931 in the gongen-zukuri style that is a hallmark of shrines favored by the ruling warrior class during the Edo period (1603–1867)."]
[8040,"愛知県","一般社団法人ツーリズムとよた","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","祭文殿","さいもんでん","liturgy hall (saimonden)","権現造では拝殿、祭文殿、本殿が一体となっている。","In this style, the worship hall (haiden), liturgy hall (saimonden), and main sanctuary (honden) are all under one roof. "]
[8041,"愛知県","一般社団法人ツーリズムとよた","植物","双葉葵","ふたばあおい","futaba aoi","各角には、松平・徳川家の家紋のモチーフとなった双葉葵が描かれている。","In each corner is an image of futaba aoi (Asarum caulescens, a species of wild ginger), the plant that inspired the Matsudaira-Tokugawa family emblem. "]
[8042,"愛知県","一般社団法人ツーリズムとよた","その他","産湯","うぶゆ","ubuyu","松平家の言い伝えでは、少なくとも15世紀頃から、この井戸の水で生まれたばかりの赤ちゃんを初めて洗った（産湯を使った）という。","According to Matsudaira family lore, water from this well has been used to give the family’s newborn babies their first bath (ubuyu) since at least the fifteenth century."]
[8043,"愛知県","一般社団法人ツーリズムとよた","人物・人名・役職名","弁財天","べんざいてん","Benzaiten","小さい方の祠には弁財天が祀られており、弁財天は知識、美、芸術の神であり、水にも関係している。","The smaller shrine is dedicated to Benzaiten, the deity of knowledge, beauty, and the arts, who is also associated with water."]
[8044,"愛知県","一般社団法人ツーリズムとよた","人物・人名・役職名","松平太郎左衛門家","まつだいらたろうざえもんけ","Matsudaira Tarozaemon branch family","この像以外の展示品のほとんどは松平太郎左衛門家ゆかりの品だ。 ","Most of the other items in the museum are heirlooms of the Matsudaira Tarozaemon branch family."]
[8045,"愛知県","一般社団法人ツーリズムとよた","人物・人名・役職名","旗本","はたもと","hatamoto","徳川幕府が日本を支配していた江戸時代（1603-1867）には、太郎左衛門家は「旗本」という高い地位にあった。","During the Edo period (1603–1867), when the Tokugawa shogunate controlled Japan, the Tarozaemon family held the high rank of hatamoto."]
[8046,"愛知県","一般社団法人ツーリズムとよた","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","東照大権現","とうしょうだいごんげん","Tosho Daigongen","松平東照宮は家康を東照大権現という神道の神様として祀っている。","Matsudaira Toshogu enshrines Ieyasu as the Shinto deity Tosho Daigongen (“Great Gongen, Light of the East”)."]
[8047,"愛知県","一般社団法人ツーリズムとよた","芸能・興行・イベント","手筒花火","てづつはなび","tezutsu fireworks","神事の後は、太鼓や踊りが披露され、手筒花火が夜を彩る。","Drumming and dance performances follow the ceremony, and handheld tezutsu fireworks light up the night."]
[8048,"愛知県","一般社団法人ツーリズムとよた","芸能・興行・イベント","玉競り","たませり ","tamaseri","ここで、祭りのハイライトである「玉競り」が行われる。","This is where the tamaseri, the highlight of the festival, takes place. "]
[8049,"愛知県","一般社団法人ツーリズムとよた","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","厄年","やくどし","yakudoshi","参加者の多くは25歳、42歳、61歳で、これらの年齢は伝統的に不運とされている「厄年」だ。","Most participants are aged 25, 42, or 61 because these ages are traditionally believed to be unlucky (yakudoshi)."]
[8050,"愛知県","一般社団法人ツーリズムとよた","城跡・城郭・宮殿","空堀","からぼり","dry moat","道路を見下ろす見張り台もこの時に作られた可能性があり、要塞を一周していたと思われる空堀は後に追加されたものだと思われる。","A watchtower overlooking the road may also have been built at that time, while the dry moat that appears to have circled the stronghold is likely to have been added later."]
[8051,"愛知県","一般社団法人ツーリズムとよた","城跡・城郭・宮殿","山城","やまじろ","mountain fortress","大給城は、1400年代から1500年代後半にかけて、軍事的に重要な役割を果たした大規模な山城だった。","Ogyu Castle was a large mountain fortress that played a significant role in local armed conflicts from the 1400s to the late 1500s. "]
[8052,"愛知県","一般社団法人ツーリズムとよた","城跡・城郭・宮殿","虎口","こぐち","koguchi","曲がりくねった表の道や虎口と呼ばれる入口には土塁が設けられ、侵入者を見下ろせるようになっていた。","Its winding approach and koguchi (“tiger mouth”) entrance incorporated earthen walls and ramparts to allow defenders to look down on any invaders."]
[8053,"愛知県","一般社団法人ツーリズムとよた","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","上宮","かみのみや","upper shrine (kaminomiya)","六所神社の上宮は現在も山の上にあり、下宮は北西の谷間に位置する。","Rokusho Shrine’s upper shrine (kaminomiya) still stands on the mountain, whereas the lower shrine (shimonomiya) is located in a valley to the northwest."]
[8054,"愛知県","一般社団法人ツーリズムとよた","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","下宮","しものみや","lower shrine (shimonomiya)","六所神社の上宮は現在も山の上にあり、下宮は北西の谷間に位置する。","Rokusho Shrine’s upper shrine (kaminomiya) still stands on the mountain, whereas the lower shrine (shimonomiya) is located in a valley to the northwest."]
[8055,"愛知県","一般社団法人ツーリズムとよた","芸能・興行・イベント","農村歌舞伎","のうそんかぶき","folk kabuki (noson kabuki)","舞台は、信仰の場でありながら社交の場でもあった神社に設置され、村人たちは舞台の前に集まって農村歌舞伎などを鑑賞した。","Stages were usually built at shrines, which functioned as centers of social interaction and celebration as much as places of worship, and villagers would gather to watch performing arts such as folk kabuki (noson kabuki). "]
[8056,"愛知県","一般社団法人ツーリズムとよた","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","ミクマリ / 水分神","みくまり","Mikumari","彼の故郷である吉野（現在の奈良県）に水の女神であるミクマリが祀られていたが、この神様を祀った神社を川のそばに建てたとされる。","He built a shrine to Mikumari, the goddess of water, because this deity was worshiped at his home in Yoshino (present-day Nara Prefecture) and because his new shrine stood next to a river."]
[8057,"愛知県","一般社団法人ツーリズムとよた","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","子守大明神","こもりだいみょうじん","Komori","日本中、ミクマリと一緒に子供の守護神である子守大明神が祀られるようになったのは、名前の響きが似ているからかもしれない。","Throughout Japan, veneration of Mikumari was often complemented by worship of Komori, the guardian of children, perhaps because the two names sound somewhat similar."]
[8058,"愛知県","一般社団法人ツーリズムとよた","年中行事","宮参り","みやまいり","miyamairi","新生児の通過儀礼である「宮参り」や、3歳、5歳、7歳の子供の成長と健康を祝う「七五三」など、子供を連れてくる人が多い。","Many people bring their children to the shrine for rituals such as miyamairi, a rite of passage for newborns, and shichi-go-san, a celebration of the growth and health of children aged three, five, and seven. "]
[8059,"愛知県","一般社団法人ツーリズムとよた","年中行事","七五三","しちごさん","shichi-go-san","新生児の通過儀礼である「宮参り」や、3歳、5歳、7歳の子供の成長と健康を祝う「七五三」など、子供を連れてくる人が多い。","Many people bring their children to the shrine for rituals such as miyamairi, a rite of passage for newborns, and shichi-go-san, a celebration of the growth and health of children aged three, five, and seven. "]
[8060,"愛知県","一般社団法人ツーリズムとよた","神社・寺院・教会・神仏","三宮","さんのみや","sannomiya","三河国（現在の愛知県の東半分）の三宮に指定されていた。","It was designated the sannomiya (the third-highest ranked shrine) in Mikawa Province (the eastern half of present-day Aichi Prefecture)."]
[8061,"愛知県","一般社団法人ツーリズムとよた","人物・人名・役職名","大碓命","おおうすのみこと","Prince Ousu","絵馬には、主祭神である大碓命にちなんで、左手の鎌が描かれている。","The tablets are decorated with an image of a left-handed scythe in reference to Prince Ousu, the shrine’s main deity."]
[8062,"愛知県","一般社団法人ツーリズムとよた","人物・人名・役職名","千手観音","せんじゅかんのん","Senju Kannon","この観音堂は、10世紀後半に彫られたとされる千手観音像を安置するために、16世紀に建てられたものである。","The hall was built in the sixteenth century to house a statue of Senju Kannon, the thousand-armed bodhisattva of compassion, thought to have been carved in the late tenth century."]
[8063,"愛知県","一般社団法人ツーリズムとよた","芸能・興行・イベント","棒の手","ぼうのて","bo no te","猿投祭りは16世紀から現在の愛知県で行われていたアクロバティックな武術「棒の手」のパフォーマンスを見ることができる貴重な機会。","The annual Sanage Festival offers the rare opportunity to watch performances of bo no te (“pole in hand”), an acrobatic martial art that has been practiced in what is now Aichi Prefecture since the sixteenth century. "]
[8064,"愛知県","一般社団法人ツーリズムとよた","その他","カイゼン","かいぜん","kaizen","トヨタは、企業理念である「カイゼン」（継続的な改善）で知られている。","Toyota is known for its corporate philosophy of kaizen, or continuous improvement."]
[8065,"愛知県","一般社団法人ツーリズムとよた","その他","からくり","からくり","karakuri","「からくり」とは、シンプルな道具を組み合わせることで飛躍的な省エネを実現できるという考え方だ。","The idea behind karakuri is that simple tools can be combined to achieve impressive energy savings. "]
[8066,"愛知県","一般社団法人ツーリズムとよた","庭園・公園","水琴窟","すいきんくつ","suikinkutsu","このつくばいに付随しているのが「水琴窟」である。","Next to the tsukubai is a suikinkutsu, which is a kind of hidden water feature. "]
[8067,"愛知県","一般社団法人ツーリズムとよた","城跡・城郭・宮殿","隅櫓","すみやぐら","guard tower (sumiyagura)","防衛施設としては南西隅の2階建ての隅櫓や大門が目立つだけの城郭だった。","The walled compound had only a two-story guard tower (sumiyagura) at its southwestern edge and a central gate. "]
[8068,"高知県","一般社団法人幡多広域観光協議会","自然現象","生態系","せいたいけい","ecosystem","四万十川の天然水は、藻類やプランクトンから魚そして鳥まで、多様な生態系を支えています。","The pristine water of the Shimanto River supports a diverse ecosystem, from algae and plankton to fish and birds."]
[8069,"高知県","一般社団法人幡多広域観光協議会","食","アオサノリ","あおさのり","aosa nori","四万十川が太平洋に合流する汽水域ではアオサノリ (緑色のノリ) が育ち、収穫されて日本中で販売されます。","Aosa nori (green laver) seaweed grows in the brackish water where the river meets the Pacific Ocean and is harvested and sold around Japan. "]
[8070,"高知県","一般社団法人幡多広域観光協議会","その他","活力源","かつりょくげん","lifeblood","四万十川は四万十エリアの活力源であり、こののどかな田舎に住む人たちの生活に不可欠な存在です。","The Shimanto River is the lifeblood of the Shimanto area, essential to the lives of the communities that inhabit this rural haven."]
[8071,"高知県","一般社団法人幡多広域観光協議会","自然現象","だるま夕日","だるまゆうひ","daruma sunset","この地域は、日没時の太陽が伝統的なだるま人形のような楕円形になる「だるま夕日」で有名です。","The area is famous for its “daruma sunset,” when the setting sun takes on the elliptical shape of a traditional daruma doll. "]
[8072,"高知県","一般社団法人幡多広域観光協議会","その他","命令","めいれい","edict","中村城は、各藩に城は1つのみとする徳川幕府の命令により、1615年に破壊されました。","Nakamura Castle was demolished in 1615 under an edict from the Tokugawa shogunate that there could only be one castle in each domain."]
[8073,"高知県","一般社団法人幡多広域観光協議会","動物","淡水生物","たんすいせいぶつ","freshwater biodiversity","この公園を訪れる人は、環境変化の自然の監視役としてのトンボの重要性と、淡水生物の多様性を維持するうえでトンボが果たし得る役割を理解できます。","Visitors to the park can see the importance of dragonflies as natural sentinels of environmental change and the role they can play in maintaining freshwater biodiversity."]
[8074,"高知県","一般社団法人幡多広域観光協議会","その他","仲間","なかま","cohorts","この邸宅は、林と仲間を政敵から守るための機能を備えていました。","The residence was designed with features to protect Hayashi and his cohorts from political enemies. "]
[8075,"高知県","一般社団法人幡多広域観光協議会","動物","アユ","あゆ","ayu","アユは、香りがよいため、英語では「sweetfish」と呼ばれるのが一般的です。アユは珍重されており、この辺りでは夏に人気の食材となっています。","Commonly called sweetfish for its fragrant aroma, ayu is a prized catch and a popular summertime food in the area."]
[8076,"高知県","一般社団法人幡多広域観光協議会","乗物","舟母船","せんばせん","senbasen","きちんとした道路が建設される以前は、舟母船と呼ばれる、高い長方形の帆を付けた小型の船が、四万十川沿いでの商品輸送の主な手段でした。","Before reliable roads were constructed, small boats with tall, rectangular sails called senbasen were the main means of transporting goods along the river. "]
[8077,"高知県","一般社団法人幡多広域観光協議会","その他","緩やかな","ゆるやかな","languid","この辺りの探索に最適な方法は、緩やかな四万十川に合わせて、ゆっくりと探索することです。","The best way to explore the area is at a leisurely pace, in tune with the languid Shimanto River."]
[8078,"高知県","一般社団法人幡多広域観光協議会","建造物等","沈下橋","ちんかばし","chinkabashi","196キロメートルの四万十川には、47の沈下橋が架かっています。橋には欄干がなく、毎年の夏の洪水に耐えられるよう設計されています。","The 196-kilometer Shimanto River has 47 chinkabashi. They are built without balustrades and are designed to withstand the annual summer floods."]
[8079,"高知県","一般社団法人幡多広域観光協議会","自然現象","微気候","びきこう","microclimate","フィリピンから日本の東海岸に沿って北に流れる暖流である黒潮が、熱帯性のサンゴと海洋生物に適したこの地域の温暖な微気候を作っています。","The Kuroshio, a warm ocean current that flows north from the Philippines along the eastern coast of Japan, creates a warm microclimate in the area that is hospitable to tropical coral and sea life. "]
[8080,"高知県","一般社団法人幡多広域観光協議会","その他","タッチスクリーン","たっちすくりーん","touch screen","中国の絹製品や武具や刀などの展示品の説明が、タッチスクリーン上に英語で表示されています。","Touch-screen explanations in English explain artifacts on display, which include Chinese silk and armor and swords. ","※名詞では「touch screen」ですが、形容詞としては「touch-screen explanations」のように、ハイフンで繋げます。"]
[8081,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","岩石・洞窟","カルデラ","かるでら","caldera","ルートの途中にある展望台からは、屈斜路湖が一望でき、東方面には屈斜路カルデラを見ることができます。","An observatory at the pass offers panoramas over the lake and the caldera to the east. "]
[8082,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","岩石・洞窟","溶岩ドーム","ようがんどーむ","lava dome","アトサヌプリ火山複合体は、屈斜路カルデラの中心部を覆うもので、10個の溶岩ドームから成っています。","The Atosanupuri volcanic complex covers the central area of the Kussharo caldera and consists of 10 lava domes. "]
[8083,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","岩石・洞窟","噴気孔","ふんきこう","fumarole","MKTでは、硫黄鉱床で黄色くなった噴気孔から蒸気が立ち上る近くの硫黄山周辺まで続き、川湯温泉へと向かう途中にある旧釧路鉄道や硫黄山の歴史に関する展示がされる硫黄山レストハウスを通過します。","The MKT continues around Mt. Io, close to steaming fumaroles yellow with sulfur deposits, and passes the Mt. Io Rest House, which has displays (in Japanese) about the railroad and the history of mining at Mt. Io, on the way to Kawayu Onsen."]
[8084,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","その他","荷馬車","にばしゃ","horse-drawn cart","山では硫黄鉱石が採掘され、標茶（しべちゃ）で精製が行われたあとで、釧路港から硫黄としてその先の目的地へと出荷されました。旧釧路鉄道は硫黄産業を支え、荷馬車よりも大量の鉱石を素早くかつコスト効率よく輸送することで、その成長を可能としました。","The Kushiro Railroad supported the industry and facilitated its growth by enabling large quantities of ore to be transported more quickly and cost-effectively than by horse-drawn carts."]
[8085,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","植物","トドマツ","とどまつ","Sakhalin fir","トドマツは、半島に生えている主な針葉樹です。","Sakhalin fir is the main conifer species on the peninsula. "]
[8086,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","植物","ヤマブドウ","やまぶどう","crimson glory vine","また、オヒョウの樹皮を柔らかく加工して丈夫で耐水性の衣服を編むための糸を紡ぎ、ヤマブドウの実を採集しました。","They also softened and worked the bark of the Manchurian elm to produce thread for weaving durable outer garments and harvested the fruit of the crimson glory vine for food."]
[8087,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","植物","オヒョウ","おひょう","Manchurian elm","トレイル沿いにはオヒョウも生えており、アイヌの人々は、かつてその樹皮を使って織物用の糸を作っていました。夏と初秋には、テンナンショウ属や紫の花を咲かせるトリカブトなどの森林地帯の多年草がトレイルを彩ります。","Trees along the trail include Manchurian elm, the bark of which was used to produce thread for weaving cloth. In summer and early fall, woodland perennials such as jack-in-the-pulpit and purple-flowering monkshood fringe the trail."]
[8088,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","その他","刺繍","ししゅう","embroidery","このようなアイヌの伝統衣装には、アップリケや刺繍で飾り付けが施されていました。","These traditional Ainu garments were decorated with applique and embroidery."]
[8089,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","その他","アルカリ性","あるかりせい","alkaline","ミネラル豊富な弱アルカリ性のお湯は、さらっとした肌触りで、筋肉痛をやわらげ、切り傷や打撲に効果があるとされています。","The mineral-rich water is slightly alkaline, making it feel silky, and is believed to ease muscle pain and help in the healing of cuts and bruises. "]
[8090,"北海道","（阿寒摩周国立公園）阿寒摩周国立公園満喫プロジェクト地域協議会","その他","ライフライン","らいふらいん","lifeline","この災害を受けて、美幌峠へと続く道の完成が優先され、1920年末には道路が開通し、この辺りの人々にとって新たな重要ライフラインとなりました。","In response to this disaster, completing the road over Bihoro Pass was made a priority, and by the end of 1920 the road opened, providing a significant new lifeline to the region."]
[8091,"北海道","（大雪山国立公園）とかち鹿追ジオパーク推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","溶岩ドーム","ようがんどーむ","lava dome","いくつもの溶岩ドーム、永久凍土、広大な平野などは、大雪山国立公園の一部であり、北海道中心部にある鹿追町全体を含むとかち鹿追ジオパーク最大の特徴です。","Clusters of lava domes, areas of permafrost, and vast plains are among the defining features of Tokachi Shikaoi Geopark, which makes up part of Daisetsuzan National Park and covers the town of Shikaoi in central Hokkaido."]
[8092,"北海道","（大雪山国立公園）とかち鹿追ジオパーク推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","大陸プレート","たいりくぷれーと","continental plate","十勝平野の形成は、約1,300万年前に二つの大陸プレートが衝突したことから始まりました。","The formation of the Tokachi Plain began with the collision of two continental plates around 13 million years ago. "]
[8093,"北海道","（大雪山国立公園）とかち鹿追ジオパーク推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","風穴","かざあな","windhole","風穴は、ジオパーク特有の特徴で、然別（しかりべつ）湖周辺の山々に存在する永久凍土の保全に役立っています。","Windholes, a unique feature of the park, help to preserve patches of permafrost in the mountains around Lake Shikaribetsu. "]
[8094,"北海道","（大雪山国立公園）とかち鹿追ジオパーク推進協議会","その他","耕作可能","こうさくかのう","tillable","耕作可能で、土壌に灰分が豊富に含まれている十勝平野では、昔から農業が栄えていました。","The vast Tokachi Plain with its tillable, ash-rich soil has long allowed agriculture to flourish."]
[8095,"北海道","（大雪山国立公園）とかち鹿追ジオパーク推進協議会","その他","凍る","こおる","frozen","一般に、4月から10月までは暖かい気候時の活動が提供されていますが、然別湖の一部は、5月半ば頃まで凍ったままの場合もあります。","Warmer-weather activities are typically offered between April and October, but Lake Shikaribetsu can stay partially frozen until around mid-May. "]
[8096,"北海道","（大雪山国立公園）とかち鹿追ジオパーク推進協議会","動物","ミヤベイワナ","みやべいわな","Miyabe char","その後のパネルや展示では、このジオパークの寒冷な気候環境と、世界でこの地域にしか存在しないミヤベイワナなどの希少種を擁するその生態系が紹介されています。","Later panels and exhibits introduce the cold-climate environment of the park and its ecosystems, which support rare species such as the Miyabe char, a fish not found anywhere else in the world."]
[8097,"北海道","（大雪山国立公園）とかち鹿追ジオパーク推進協議会","自然現象","永久凍土","えいきゅうとうど","permafrost","いくつもの溶岩ドーム、永久凍土、広大な平野などは、大雪山国立公園の一部であり、北海道中心部にある鹿追町全体を含むとかち鹿追ジオパーク最大の特徴です。","Clusters of lava domes, areas of permafrost, and vast plains are among the defining features of Tokachi Shikaoi Geopark, which makes up part of Daisetsuzan National Park. "]
[8098,"北海道","（大雪山国立公園）とかち鹿追ジオパーク推進協議会","動物","キタナキウサギ","きたなきうさぎ","northern pika","このジオパークには、溶岩ドームが集まっており、永久凍土の地域や広大な平原があります。また、キタナキウサギの亜種などの稀少な動植物が見られます。","It includes clusters of lava domes, areas of permafrost, and vast plains, as well as rare species of plants and animals such as a subspecies of the northern pika. "]
[8099,"北海道","（大雪山国立公園）とかち鹿追ジオパーク推進協議会","その他","年代順","ねんだいじゅん","chronological order","これらの展示は、年代順にジオパークを紹介しています。展示は、プレートテクトニクスと、日高山脈や十勝平野といった重要な地形の形成から始まります。","The displays introduce the park in chronological order, beginning with plate tectonics and the formation of key landforms such as the Hidaka Mountain Range and the Tokachi Plain. "]
[8100,"北海道","（大雪山国立公園）とかち鹿追ジオパーク推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","火砕流","かさいりゅう","pyroclastic flow","この噴火は、多くの火砕流を生みました。","The eruption produced multiple pyroclastic flows. "]
[8101,"北海道","（大雪山国立公園）とかち鹿追ジオパーク推進協議会","動物","エゾナキウサギ","えぞなきうさぎ","Ezo pika","エゾナキウサギは、ウサギや野ウサギの近縁種である小さな哺乳動物、キタナキウサギの亜種です。","The Ezo nakiusagi, or Ezo pika, is a subspecies of the northern pika, a small mammal closely related to rabbits and hares."]
[8102,"北海道","（大雪山国立公園）とかち鹿追ジオパーク推進協議会","動物","サイハ","さいは","gill raker","オショロコマは、数万年をかけて、然別湖のプランクトンをより効果的に捕食するために「サイハ」を増やしたのです。","Over tens of thousands of years, the species developed additional gill rakers in order to more effectively feed on the lake’s plankton. "]
[8103,"北海道","（大雪山国立公園）とかち鹿追ジオパーク推進協議会","自然現象","地形","ちけい","Landform","地形は、長い年月をかけて形成されるもので、中には何億年もかけてできたものもあります。","Landforms develop over long periods of time, sometimes hundreds of millions of years."]
[8104,"北海道","（大雪山国立公園）とかち鹿追ジオパーク推進協議会","自然現象","沈み込み","しずみこみ","subduction","プレート同士が衝突すると、沈み込みが生じる場合があります。","When plates collide, one may move underneath the other in a process called subduction. "]
[8105,"北海道","（大雪山国立公園）とかち鹿追ジオパーク推進協議会","自然現象","構造盆地","こうぞうぼんち","tectonic basin","北アメリカプレートがたわんだことで、日高山脈南東側に丘ができ、その間の陸地が沈んだことで構造盆地が形成されました。","The buckling of the North American plate produced hills southeast of the Hidaka Mountains and caused the land in between to sink, creating a tectonic basin."]
[8106,"北海道","（大雪山国立公園）とかち鹿追ジオパーク推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","マグマだまり","まぐまだまり","magma chamber","火山から溶岩が流れ出る過程で、マグマだまりは空になりました。","As lava poured out of the volcano, its magma chamber emptied."]
[8107,"北海道","（大雪山国立公園）とかち鹿追ジオパーク推進協議会","自然現象","扇状地","せんじょうち","alluvial fan","河川は、流れが緩慢になると沈殿物を堆積し、扇状地、曲がりくねった流れ、土手、氾濫原、三角州といった地形が生まれます。","Rivers deposit sediment when their current slows, resulting in the creation of landforms such as alluvial fans, meanders, levees, floodplains, and deltas."]
[8108,"北海道","（大雪山国立公園）とかち鹿追ジオパーク推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","マントル","まんとる","mantle","マントル内の溶融により、マグマが生じます。","Melting within the mantle produces magma."]
[8109,"北海道","（大雪山国立公園）とかち鹿追ジオパーク推進協議会","自然現象","流出性噴火","りゅうしゅつせいふんか","effusive eruption","溶岩ドームは、通常、流出性噴火を通して、一定の速度で地面へと溶岩を噴出します。","Lava domes typically emit lava steadily onto the ground through effusive eruptions."]
[8110,"北海道","（大雪山国立公園）とかち鹿追ジオパーク推進協議会","自然現象","崖錐","がいすい","talus","多くの然別溶岩ドームの斜面は、崖錐と呼ばれる岩屑で覆われています。","Rock debris, or talus, covers the slopes of many of the Shikaribetsu lava domes."]
[8111,"北海道","（大雪山国立公園）とかち鹿追ジオパーク推進協議会","自然現象","周氷河現象","しゅうひょうがきげんしょう","periglacial phenomena","永久凍土、崖錐を含む地形形成、風穴などの周氷河現象は、寒冷気候の影響や、気候が地形や多様性に与える影響をよく表しています。","Permafrost, landforms including talus slopes, and periglacial phenomena such as windholes are examples of the effects of a cold climate and the influence climate can have on an area’s topography and biodiversity."]
[8112,"北海道","（大雪山国立公園）とかち鹿追ジオパーク推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","崖錐斜面","がいすいしゃめん","talus slope","風穴とは、崖錐の大きな岩の岩屑間の隙間のことで、夏には冷気が、冬には暖気がここを流れます。","Windholes are gaps between large rock fragments on talus slopes that vent cold air in summer and warm air in winter. "]
[8113,"北海道","（大雪山国立公園）とかち鹿追ジオパーク推進協議会","自然現象","アイスウェッジポリゴン","あいすうぇっじぽりごん","ice wedge polygon","ツンドラポリゴンまたはアイスウェッジポリゴンとして知られている、地表のマイクロレリーフ模様は、永久凍土の特徴です。","Microrelief patterns on the surface of the ground, known as tundra polygons or ice wedge polygons, are features associated with permafrost."]
[8114,"北海道","（大雪山国立公園）とかち鹿追ジオパーク推進協議会","自然現象","霜","しも","hoarfrost","極寒は普通では見られない氷生成を生み、フロストフラワー、キャンドルアイス、霜などの現象を生み出します。","The extreme cold creates unusual ice formations and phenomena such as frost flowers, candle ice, and hoarfrost. "]
[8115,"北海道","（大雪山国立公園）とかち鹿追ジオパーク推進協議会","自然現象","陸橋","りっきょう","land bridge","多くの動植物同様、ヒトもまた、最終氷河期（115,000-11,700年前）にランドブリッジ（陸橋）を通ってユーラシア大陸から非常に活発でした。","As with many animal and plant species, humans likely migrated to Hokkaido from the Eurasian continent via land bridges during the last ice age (c. 115,000–11,700 BP)."]
[8116,"北海道","（大雪山国立公園）とかち鹿追ジオパーク推進協議会","動物","サケ科の魚","さけかのさかな","salmonid species","この辺りの山々や湖は、多くの鳥類、水鳥、サケ科の魚、そしてキタナキウサギの亜種であるエゾナキウサギなどの寒冷気候動物の棲息地にもなっています。","The mountains and lake are home to many bird species, waterfowl, salmonid species, and cold-climate animal species such as the Ezo nakiusagi, a subspecies of the northern pika. "]
[8117,"北海道","（大雪山国立公園）とかち鹿追ジオパーク推進協議会","植物","ミズゴケ","みずごけ","sphagnum moss","ミズゴケ（ピートモス）は、湿気のある環境を必要とし、湿地帯ではかなり一般的なコケです。","Sphagnum moss, or peat moss, requires a damp environment and is extremely common in wetlands."]
[8118,"北海道","（大雪山国立公園）とかち鹿追ジオパーク推進協議会","その他","異文化同化政策","いぶんかどうかせいさく","cultural assimilation policy","北海道にますます多くの人々が移住し、中央政府により土地の制限や異文化同化政策が導入される中、多くのアイヌのコミュニティは移住し、故郷を捨て去ることを強いられました。","Many Ainu communities were forced to relocate and abandon their homes as Hokkaido became increasingly settled and land regulations and cultural assimilation policies were introduced by the central government."]
[8119,"秋田県","（十和田八幡国立公園）小坂町","動物","ヒメマス","ひめます","kokanee","和井内は北海道からヒメマスの卵を仕入れてふ化させ、その稚魚を十和田湖に放流しました。","Wainai brought kokanee eggs from Hokkaido, then incubated and released the fry into Lake Towada."]
[8120,"秋田県","（十和田八幡国立公園）小坂町","湖沼","十和田湖","とわだこ","Lake Towada","稚魚の放流から長い2年を経て、ヒメマスの大群が産卵のために十和田湖に帰ってきました。","Two long years had passed since Wainai released the fry into Lake Towada, and now the kokanee were returning to the lake in large numbers to spawn."]
[8121,"秋田県","（十和田八幡国立公園）小坂町","その他","良妻賢母","りょうさいけんぼ","a good wife and a smart mother","勝は「良妻賢母」の鑑とされ、戦前の教科書に非の打ち所のない女性の模範として取り上げられました。","Regarded as the epitome of “a good wife and a smart mother,” she was featured in prewar textbooks as a model of womanly conduct."]
[8122,"秋田県","（十和田八幡国立公園）小坂町","その他","ふ化場","ふかじょう"," hatchery ","1905年にヒメマスふ化場事業が成功をおさめた後、和井内は十和田湖地域の観光開発にますます注力し、ホテルなどのインフラ建設や交通アクセスの整備を支援しました。","After 1905, when his kokanee hatchery business proved a success, Wainai dedicated even more of his energy to developing the area for tourism, supporting the construction of hotels and other infrastructure, as well as the improvement of transport links."]
[8123,"秋田県","（十和田八幡国立公園）小坂町","その他","日本新八景","にほんしんはっけい","“Eight New Views” of Japan","1927年、十和田湖は鉄道省と全国紙2社の共催で選定された「日本新八景」のひとつに数えられました。","In 1927, Lake Towada was nominated as one of the “Eight New Views” of Japan in a competition organized jointly by the Railway Ministry and two national newspapers."]
[8124,"秋田県","（十和田八幡国立公園）小坂町","その他","十和田湖増殖漁業協同組合","とわだこぞうしょくぎょぎょうくみあい","the Lake Towada Fishery Propagation Cooperative Union","十和田湖ふ化場は2002年にオープンしました。十和田湖増殖漁業協同組合によって運営されており最新のテクノロジーを備えたこの施設では、毎年約70万尾のヒメマスの稚魚が湖に放流されています。","Run by the Lake Towada Fishery Propagation Cooperative Union and equipped with the latest technology, the hatchery releases around 700,000 kokanee fry into the lake every year. "]
[8125,"秋田県","（十和田八幡国立公園）小坂町","その他","地引網","じびきあみ","dragnet","産卵最盛期には全ての個体が魚道を通ることが不可能となるため、一部は地引網で捕獲されてそのままふ化場へと運ばれます。","Since not all of them can make it up the fish ladder at peak season, some are caught in dragnets and transported to the hatchery."]
[8126,"秋田県","（十和田八幡国立公園）小坂町","その他","魚道","ぎょどう","fish ladder"," 産卵最盛期には全ての個体が魚道を通ることが不可能となるため、一部は地引網で捕獲されてそのままふ化場へと運ばれます。","Since not all of them can make it up the fish ladder at peak season, some are caught in dragnets and transported to the hatchery."]
[8127,"秋田県","（十和田八幡国立公園）小坂町","その他","発眼卵","はつがんらん","eyed-egg","「発眼」段階に達した卵はふ化盆に移されます。","When the eggs reach the “eyed-egg” stage, they are poured into incubator trays."]
[8128,"秋田県","（十和田八幡国立公園）小坂町","その他","仔魚","しぎょ","hatchling","卵嚢の養分を完全に吸収した仔魚は稚魚となり泳ぎ始めます。","Having fully absorbed their yolk sacs, the hatchlings turn into fry and begin swimming. "]
[8129,"秋田県","（十和田八幡国立公園）小坂町","その他","稚魚","ちぎょ","fry","卵嚢の養分を完全に吸収した仔魚は稚魚となり泳ぎ始めます。","Having fully absorbed their yolk sacs, the hatchlings turn into fry and begin swimming. "]
[8130,"福島県","会津若松市食と農の景勝地推進協議会","時代・歴史組織・団体","幕府","ばくふ","shogunate","会津藩の武士は、規律と技巧と強い闘争心で知られ、幕府と密接な関係を築いていました。","The Aizu domain samurai, well-known for their discipline, skills, and bravery, had close ties with the shogunate."]
[8131,"福島県","会津若松市食と農の景勝地推進協議会","時代・歴史組織・団体","大名","だいみょう","daimyo lord","大名領主松平容保 (1836–1893) の指導の下、会津は治安維持の為に京都 (当時の日本の首都) に多くの軍隊を派遣しました。","Under the leadership of daimyo lord Matsudaira Katamori (1836–1893), Aizu sent many troops to Kyoto (the capital at the time) to help keep peace in the city. "]
[8132,"福島県","会津若松市食と農の景勝地推進協議会","時代・歴史組織・団体","武士","ぶし","samurai","武士の生活は、武士道として知られる道徳的な行動規範に基づいていました。","The life of a samurai was based on a moral code of conduct known as Bushido (the way of the warrior)."]
[8133,"福島県","会津若松市食と農の景勝地推進協議会","集落・街","会津若松","あいづわかまつ","Aizu-Wakamatsu","武士の精神の例は今でも会津若松に見られ、住民はその文化的な伝統を非常に誇りに思っています。","Historical sites that bear witness to the samurai spirit can still be found in Aizu-Wakamatsu, and residents are very proud of their cultural heritage."]
[8134,"福島県","会津若松市食と農の景勝地推進協議会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","鶴ヶ城","つるがじょう","Tsuruga Castle","鶴ヶ城は会津若松で愛される街のシンボルです。","Tsuruga Castle is a cherished symbol of Aizu-Wakamatsu."]
[8135,"福島県","会津若松市食と農の景勝地推進協議会","社会","明治維新","めいじいしん","Meiji Restoration","明治維新（1868年）で武士の時代が終焉を迎え、鶴ヶ城は新政府から過去の遺物とみなされるようになりました。","The Meiji Restoration (1868) ended the age of the samurai, and Tsuruga Castle was seen as a relic of the past by the new government."]
[8136,"福島県","会津若松市食と農の景勝地推進協議会","社会","会津の戦い","あいづのたたかい","Battle of Aizu","第9代松平藩主である容保 (1836–1893) は、戊辰戦争 (1868–1869) と会津の戦い (1868) で新政府の敵軍が鶴ヶ城を包囲し、会津武士に降伏を強いた劇的な出来事の間を通して会津藩を率いました。","Katamori (1836–1893), the ninth Matsudaira lord, led the Aizu domain through the Boshin War (1868–1869) and the dramatic events at the Battle of Aizu (1868), in which imperial forces surrounded Tsuruga Castle and forced the Aizu samurai to surrender. "]
[8137,"福島県","会津若松市食と農の景勝地推進協議会","時代・歴史組織・団体","藩","はん","domain","旧藩は県に改められ、会津は福島県の一部となりました。","The former domains were changed into prefectures, with Aizu becoming part of Fukushima Prefecture."]
[8138,"福島県","会津若松市食と農の景勝地推進協議会","時代・歴史組織・団体","日新館","にっしんかん","Nisshinkan","1803年に設立された学校「日新館」は、会津藩士の子息の訓練制度において中心的な役割を担いました。","The Nisshinkan, a school established in 1803, was the centerpiece of the training system for sons of samurai of the Aizu domain."]
[8139,"福島県","会津若松市食と農の景勝地推進協議会","建造物等","水練水馬池","すいれんすいばいけ","Suiren-Suiba Pond","日新館の学生たちは、学校のプールに相当する水練水馬池で、剣術、弓術、乗馬、水泳の練習をしました。","Nisshinkan students practiced swordsmanship, archery, horseback riding, and swimming in the Suiren-Suiba Pond, which was the equivalent of a school pool."]
[8140,"福島県","会津若松市食と農の景勝地推進協議会","社会","十の掟","じゅうのおきて","Rules for Samurai Children","日新館での修行に備えて、彼らは次の「武士の子供の規則」（十の掟）に従って生活することが期待されていました。","In preparation for their training at Nisshinkan, they were expected to live according to the “Rules for Samurai Children” (Ju no Okite)"]
[8141,"福島県","会津若松市食と農の景勝地推進協議会","庭園・公園","御薬園","おやくえん","Oyakuen Garden","この別館は1973年に御薬園に移され、記念式典で秩父宮妃勢津子殿下により「重陽閣」と命名されました。","This annex was relocated to Oyakuen Garden in 1973 and named Choyokaku by Princess Chichibu, as Setsuko became known, at a commemorative ceremony."]
[8142,"福島県","会津若松市食と農の景勝地推進協議会","山岳","院内山","いんないやま","Mt. Innai","樹林に覆われた院内山の斜面には、会津地方の主要な支配者である松平家の諸大名の墓があります。","The cemetery of the daimyo lords of the Matsudaira family, the main ruling dynasty of the Aizu region, is located on the forested slopes of Mt. Innai."]
[8143,"福島県","会津若松市食と農の景勝地推進協議会","建造物等","亀石","かめいし","kameishi","それぞれの柱は、神通力があり墓を守っているとされた、「亀石」と呼ばれる亀の形の石の後ろにあります。","Each pillar sits on the back of a turtle-shaped stone called a kameishi, which was thought to have divine powers and guards the tomb."]
[8144,"福島県","会津若松市食と農の景勝地推進協議会","食","山廃","やまはい","yamahai","ツアーは、醸造エリアの散策と、ゆっくりとした発酵を利用してコクのある酒を生み出す伝統的な山廃（天然酵母を使い米をつぶさない）方法の説明から始まります。","Tours commence with a walk through the brewing areas and an explanation of the traditional yamahai (natural yeast and non-mashing) method, which utilizes a slow fermentation to produce a full-bodied sake."]
[8145,"福島県","会津若松市食と農の景勝地推進協議会","工芸・美術","会津塗","あいづぬり","Aizu lacquerware","1975年に日本の伝統工芸品に指定された会津塗は、独特のデザインで知られます。","Aizu lacquerware was designated a traditional craft of Japan in 1975 and is known for designs that are unique to Aizu."]
[8146,"福島県","会津若松市食と農の景勝地推進協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","千社札","せんじゃふだ","senjafuda","寺の壁や天井には、千社札と呼ばれる色とりどりの紙が貼られています。これは、信者が神社や寺に参拝した証として貼られたものです。","The temple’s walls and ceilings are covered with colorful paper stickers called senjafuda, which pilgrims customarily placed on shrines and temples as proof of their visit."]
[8147,"福島県","会津若松市食と農の景勝地推進協議会","工芸・美術","赤べこ","あかべこ","Akabeko","赤べことは、赤い小さな牛の人形です。","Akabeko are small red figurines of cows or oxen."]
[8148,"福島県","会津若松市食と農の景勝地推進協議会","工芸・美術","張り子","はりこ","papier-mâché","赤べこは張り子でできており、牛の体に空いた穴に首が入るようになっています。","Akabeko (lit., “red cow”) are made of papier-mâché, with an elongated neck fitting into a hole in the cow’s body."]
[8149,"福島県","会津若松市食と農の景勝地推進協議会","その他","和歌","わか","waka","そこで、与次右衛門は、本の内容を紹介するための工夫を凝らし、会津の農業技術を和歌で表現した『会津歌農書』を作成しました。","He produced Aizu uta nosho (Aizu Agricultural Song Manual), which presented the book’s content in the form of waka, a traditional type of short poem or song."]
[8150,"福島県","会津若松市食と農の景勝地推進協議会","乗物","北前船","きたまえぶね","kitamae-bune ships","江戸時代には北前船で阿賀野川沿いに会津に運ばれていました。","It was brought to Aizu along the Agano River via the kitamae-bune ships plying a major shipping route in the Edo period (1603–1867)."]
[8151,"福島県","会津若松市食と農の景勝地推進協議会","食","こづゆ","こづゆ","kozuyu","会津の代表的な料理といえば、干し貝柱の出汁に塩と醤油で味付けした「こづゆ」。","Perhaps the best-known example of traditional Aizu cuisine is kozuyu, a soup made from dried scallop stock and seasoned with salt and soy sauce."]
[8152,"福島県","会津若松市食と農の景勝地推進協議会","工芸・美術","わっぱ","わっぱ","Wappa","ワッパとは、薄い板材を弁当箱に見立てて作った丸い容器のことです。","Wappa is a round container made from a thin sheet of wood, shaped into a lunchbox."]
[8153,"福島県","会津若松市食と農の景勝地推進協議会","食","麹菌","こうじきん","koji mold","日本酒の主な原料は、米、水、そして麹菌と酵母です。","The key ingredients in sake are rice, water, koji mold, and yeast."]
[8154,"福島県","会津若松市食と農の景勝地推進協議会","温泉","温泉","おんせん","onsen","東山温泉は、この地域で最高の温泉郷のひとつと考えられています。","Higashiyama Onsen is considered one of the best onsen (hot spring) villages in the region."]
[8155,"福島県","会津若松市食と農の景勝地推進協議会","集落・街","大内宿","おおうちじゅく","Ouchi-juku","宿場町の大内宿や塔のへつり川渓谷など、会津若松に隣接するエリアの観光にも好立地です。","The village is also ideally located for visiting attractions in areas adjacent to Aizu-Wakamatsu, such as the traditional post-station town of Ouchi-juku and the To-no-Hetsuri river gorge."]
[8156,"福島県","会津若松市食と農の景勝地推進協議会","時代・歴史組織・団体","白虎隊","びゃっこたい","Byakkotai","白虎隊は、主に15歳から17歳の少年で構成された部隊でした。","The Byakkotai (White Tiger Brigade) was a military unit primarily made up of boys aged 15–17."]
[8157,"福島県","会津若松市食と農の景勝地推進協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","さざえ堂","さざえどう","Sazaedo Temple","山の麓には白虎隊記念館と、風光明媚なさざえ堂があります。","The Byakkotai Museum of History and the picturesque Sazaedo Temple are situated at the base of the mountain."]
[8158,"福島県","会津若松市食と農の景勝地推進協議会","工芸・美術","絵ろうそく","えろうそく","E-rosoku","2月に開催される「会津絵ろうそくまつり」で特に注目される絵ろうそく。このお祭りではろうそくが街のあちこちに設置され、暗闇を優しく照らします。","E-rosoku take center stage during the Aizu Painted Candle Festival in February, where thousands of them are placed in various locations throughout the city and lit in the evening, illuminating the darkness with a soft glow."]
[8159,"福島県","会津若松市食と農の景勝地推進協議会","食","居酒屋","いざかや","izakaya","その中でも特におすすめは、フルサービスで幅広い飲み物と食べ物を提供する場所、居酒屋です。","One of the best ways to enjoy local hospitality is by visiting an izakaya, a full-service restaurant that typically offers a wide variety of beverages and food items."]
[8160,"福島県","会津若松市食と農の景勝地推進協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","会津三十三観音巡り","あいづさんじゅうさんかんのんめぐり","Aizu 33 Kannon Pilgrimage","その後、大名の保科正之（1611-1673）が33体の観音像を結ぶ「会津三十三観音巡り」を作りました。","The daimyo lord Hoshina Masayuki (1611–1673) established the Aizu 33 Kannon Pilgrimage, a route linking 33 images of the Buddhist deity Kannon, bodhisattva of compassion."]
[8161,"福島県","会津若松市食と農の景勝地推進協議会","植物","漆","うるし","urushi","蘆名盛信（1408-1451）は漆器産業を支えるために漆の木の栽培を奨励しました。","Ashina Morinobu (1408–1451) promoted cultivation of urushi trees to support the region’s lacquerware industry. "]
[8162,"福島県","会津若松市食と農の景勝地推進協議会","建造物等","武家屋敷","ぶけやしき","samurai residence","その主な特徴は、会津藩の家老である西郷頼母（1830-1903）の家を復元した武家屋敷です。","Its main feature is a carefully reconstructed samurai residence (bukeyashiki) based on the home of Saigo Tanomo (1830–1903), chief advisor to the Aizu clan."]
[8163,"福島県","会津若松市食と農の景勝地推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","家老","かろう","chief advisor","その主な特徴は、会津藩の家老である西郷頼母（1830-1903）の家を復元した武家屋敷です。","Its main feature is a carefully reconstructed samurai residence (bukeyashiki) based on the home of Saigo Tanomo (1830–1903), chief advisor to the Aizu clan."]
[8164,"福島県","会津若松市食と農の景勝地推進協議会","庭園・公園","鶴ヶ城城址公園","つるがじょうじょうしこうえん","Tsuruga Castle Park","また、カフェでは周囲の鶴ヶ城城址公園の景色と共に軽食やデザートを楽しむことができます。","There is also a café offering light meals and desserts along with attractive views of the surrounding Tsuruga Castle Park."]
[8165,"福島県","会津若松市食と農の景勝地推進協議会","社会","日清戦争","にっしんせんそう","Sino–Japanese War","日清戦争（1884-1885）と日露戦争（1904-1905）では看護師としての功績が政府から認められました。","She earned government recognition for her efforts as a nurse during the First Sino–Japanese War (1884–1885) and the Russo–Japanese War (1904–1905)."]
[8166,"福島県","会津若松市食と農の景勝地推進協議会","社会","日露戦争","にちろせんそう","Russo–Japanese War","日清戦争（1884-1885）と日露戦争（1904-1905）では看護師としての功績が政府から認められました。","She earned government recognition for her efforts as a nurse during the First Sino–Japanese War (1884–1885) and the Russo–Japanese War (1904–1905)."]
[8167,"神奈川県","藤野里山交流協議会","食","山菜","さんさい","sansai","麺は、地元産のしいたけと山菜を使ったスープで提供されます。","The noodles are served in a broth with shiitake mushrooms and sansai (edible mountain vegetables) grown in the area."]
[8168,"神奈川県","藤野里山交流協議会","温泉","露天風呂","ろてんぶろ","rotenburo","現在は、内湯（ジェットバス含む）、露天風呂、サウナ、小さな食事処が併設されています。","Today, the resort features indoor baths (including a jet bath), rotenburo (open-air bath), and sauna, as well as a small dining area."]
[8169,"神奈川県","藤野里山交流協議会","テーマ施設等","ふじのアートヴィレッジ","ふじのアートヴィレッジ","Fujino Art Village","ふじのアートヴィレッジはアートやクラフトを愛する人々の天国です。","Fujino Art Village is a haven for people who love art and crafts."]
[8170,"神奈川県","藤野里山交流協議会","郷土景観","囲炉裏","いろり","sunken hearth","板張りの床と太い木の梁で構成され、中央の部屋には昔ながらの囲炉裏があります。","It was constructed with wooden floors and thick wooden beams and features an old-style sunken hearth (irori) in its central room."]
[8171,"神奈川県","藤野里山交流協議会","その他","刀道","とうどう","todo","このワークショップでは、刀道に焦点を当て、参加者は武士の刀についてだけでなく、その使用の背後にある文化や道徳律、武士の行動規範についても学ぶ実践的な体験を提供します。","The workshop focuses on todo (the way of the sword), a sword martial art, and offers a hands-on experience where participants not only learn about samurai swords but also the culture and moral code behind their use and the samurai code of conduct."]
[8172,"神奈川県","藤野里山交流協議会","その他","武士道","ぶしどう","Bushido","このワークショップでは、武士の態度、行動、生活様式を形作った道徳律である武士道を紹介します。","This workshop introduces Bushido (the way of the warrior), the moral code that shaped the attitudes, behavior, and lifestyle of samurai."]
[8173,"神奈川県","藤野里山交流協議会","郷土景観","里山","さとやま","satoyama","里山とは、農地、用水池、二次林、植林地、草原などからなる伝統的な田園風景で、人々が自然環境と共生し、持続可能な生活を送っているものです。","Satoyama describes the traditional rural landscape made up of farmland, irrigation ponds, secondary forest, plantation forest, and grassland, in which people live sustainably with the natural environment."]
[8174,"神奈川県","藤野里山交流協議会","工芸・美術","わらじ","わらじ","waraji","わらじは、平安時代 (794–1185) から幕末 (1603–1867) までの庶民が履いた最も単純なアウトドアシューズで、稲わらの底に稲わらのロープを結び付けたものでした。","Waraji were the simplest form of outdoor footwear worn by common people from the Heian period (794–1185) until the end of the Edo period (1603–1867) consisting of a rice-straw sole tied on with rice-straw rope."]
[8175,"神奈川県","藤野里山交流協議会","その他","侘び寂び","わびさび","wabi sabi","この聖域は、侘び寂び、つまり不完全、無常、不完全の美を評価する美学を示しています。","The sanctuary illustrates wabi sabi, the aesthetic that appreciates beauty in imperfection, impermanence, and incompleteness."]
[8176,"神奈川県","藤野里山交流協議会","郷土景観","炭焼き","すみやき","charcoal-making","19 世紀後半から 1950 年代までの藤野の主な産業は、炭焼き、養蚕、製織でした。","From the late nineteenth century until the 1950s, the main industries of Fujino were charcoal-making, sericulture, and weaving."]
[8177,"神奈川県","藤野里山交流協議会","郷土景観","養蚕","ようさん","sericulture","19 世紀後半から 1950 年代までの藤野の主な産業は、炭焼き、養蚕、製織でした。","From the late nineteenth century until the 1950s, the main industries of Fujino were charcoal-making, sericulture, and weaving."]
[8178,"神奈川県","藤野里山交流協議会","郷土景観","藍染め","あいぞめ","indigo-dyeing","陶芸、木工、ガラス工芸、天然藍染めなどのワークショップも開催しています。","Visitors can take part in workshops on pottery, woodworking, glassmaking, and natural indigo-dyeing."]
[8179,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","工芸・美術","色絵","いろえ","iro-e overglaze enamel","羽根は、仁清の時代に中国からもたらされたばかりの画期的な装飾技法である「色絵」を用いて、写実的に表現されている。","The realistically rendered feathers are a fine example of iro-e overglaze enamel, a ground-breaking decorative technique that had just been introduced from China in Ninsei’s time.","※「iro-e」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[8180,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","その他","通気孔","つうきこう","vent hole","蓋の裏側には、香を焚いた煙で変色した通気孔の周辺が見られる。","On the underside of the lid, the area around the vent holes shows discoloration from the smoke of burning incense."]
[8181,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","工芸・美術","陶印","とういん","potter's mark","仁清は名工の中でもいち早く、作者を特定するサインのような印、「陶印」を施した職人の一人である。","Ninsei became one of the first among famed artisans to apply a personal potter’s mark, a signature-like stamp identifying the creator."]
[8182,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","動物","羽毛のような耳","うもうのようなみみ","ear tuft","また、雌の方は後頭部から羽毛のような耳が角のように突き出ている。","He also gave the female feathered ear tufts that project like horns from the back of her head."]
[8183,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","その他","肉垂","にくすい","wattle","頭部には、赤と金の肉垂と、まぶたの周りにほんの少し青を入れるという、芸術的な工夫が施されている。","On the head, Ninsei took some artistic license by adding a touch of color: a red-and-gold wattle and the tiniest slip of blue around the eyelid."]
[8184,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","その他","性的二形","せいてきにけい","sexual dimorphism","この羽のペアは、その性差を再現したものである。","Ninsei recreated that sexual dimorphism in his feathered pair."]
[8185,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","博物館・美術館","見台","けんだい","bookstand","この見台のような豪華な品々は、彼らの富と名声を示すために発注されたもので、日常的に使用される同様の品々とは比較にならないほど華麗なものである。","Luxury objects, such as this bookstand, were commissioned to display their wealth and prestige and were far more ornate than similar objects intended for daily use."]
[8186,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","工芸・美術","金粉","きんぷん","gold dust","この17世紀の漆塗りの見台は、蒔絵（金粉などの金属粉を柔らかい漆に塗る技法）で贅沢に装飾されている。","This seventeenth-century lacquered bookstand is lavishly decorated with maki-e—a decorative technique in which metallic powders, such as gold dust, are applied to soft lacquer."]
[8187,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","工芸・美術","地織","じおり","ground weave","唐織は他の錦織と同様に、地織の上に浮織を重ねたものである。","Karaori fabric, like all brocades, consists of a ground weave overlaid with a float weave."]
[8188,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","工芸・美術","浮織","うきおり","float weave","浮織とは、地糸である緯糸の上に補助的に装飾用の緯糸を織り込み、刺繍のような模様にしたものである。","The float weave is a pattern of supplementary, decorative weft threads that are woven in on top of the base weft threads to create embroidery-like patterning."]
[8189,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","工芸・美術","筆法","ひっぽう","brushwork","山や寺院、樹木の筆法が雪舟の画風に酷似していることから、当初は雪舟の筆とされていた。","Originally, the painting was attributed to Sesshū himself because the brushwork of the mountains, temples, and trees is notably similar to Sesshū’s painting style.","※「Brushwork」は絵画のみの筆法の説明に用いられる。英語圏では、筆で文字を書く習慣はなかったため文章の場合は「brushwork」を用いることができない。"]
[8190,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","湖沼","西湖","せいこ","West Lake","中国杭州にある西湖は、唐の時代（618-907）から中国の伝説や絵画、文学に登場する場所である。","West Lake in Hangzhou, China, has featured in Chinese legends, paintings, and literature since the Tang dynasty (618–907)."]
[8191,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","工芸・美術","水指","みずさし","water jar","水指と呼ばれる水入れは茶の湯で使われる。","Water jars, called mizusashi, are used in tea ceremony (chanoyu)."]
[8192,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","工芸・美術","茶器","ちゃき","tea utensil","その後、仁清はこの水指などの茶器を制作し、朝廷にその名を広めた。","Ninsei subsequently became known in court circles for producing tea utensils, such as this water jar."]
[8193,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","社会","絹の生産","きぬのせいさん","silk production","農耕や絹の生産など農村の生活を描いた絵は、中国から伝わった絵画のジャンルである。","Depictions of rural life, such as those of agricultural activities or silk production, are a genre of painting that came from China."]
[8194,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","工芸・美術","屏風","びょうぶ","folding screen","江戸時代（1603-1867）の庶民の風習を四季折々に描いた一対の屏風である。","This pair of folding screens depicts the customs of ordinary people during the Edo period (1603–1867) over the course of the four seasons."]
[8195,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","工芸・美術","陶石","とうせき","porcelain stone","九谷焼は17世紀半ば、九谷村（現在の石川県南部）で磁器に必要な希少な材料である陶石が発見されたことから始まった。","Kutani ware production began in the mid-seventeenth century with the discovery of porcelain stone, a rare and necessary ingredient for porcelain, in the village of Kutani (in what is now southern Ishikawa Prefecture)."]
[8196,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","工芸・美術","五彩手","ごさいて","five-color style","色絵は五色すべてを使うので、五彩手と呼ばれることもある。色絵は素地の白地が少し見えるのが特徴である。","The “colored” (iro-e) style uses all five colors, which is why it is sometimes also referred to as the “five-color style” (gosaite)."]
[8197,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","その他","見本","みほん","sample","このコレクションは、綱紀が職人に見本を作らせたものである。","To form the collection, Tsunanori had artisans make samples for him."]
[8198,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","建造物等","釘隠し","くぎかくし","nail cover","第1号箱の、蒔絵の初期技術であるの梨子地塗の角型見本、第6号箱の前田家の江戸（現在の東京）の邸宅の精巧な釘隠しなどが見どころである。","Highlights include the square samples of nashiji nuri-iro—one of the earliest maki-e lacquering techniques—in Box One, and the elaborate decorative nail covers from the Maeda family’s residence in Edo (now Tokyo) in Box Six."]
[8199,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","工芸・美術","下絵付け技法","したえつけぎほう","underglaze technique ","釉裏金彩は、切り出した金箔片と金泥で文様を描く、比較的新しい陶磁器の下絵付け技法である。","Yūri-kinsai is a relatively new underglaze technique for ceramics in which designs are created with pieces of cut gold leaf and gold paint."]
[8200,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","工芸・美術","上絵付けの技法","うわえつけのぎほう","overglaze technique","金は17世紀頃から日本の陶磁器に用いられてきたが、上絵付けの技法が一般的で、表面に近い部分であるため、経年変化による摩耗に弱かった。","Gold has been used to decorate Japanese ceramics since the seventeenth century, but it was usually applied with overglaze techniques that leave it near the surface and vulnerable to wear over time."]
[8201,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","工芸・美術","釉薬","ゆうやく","glaze","彩釉は、陶芸家・三代目徳田八十吉（1933-2009）が考案した現代釉薬の技法で、色鮮やかな釉薬が溶けて細かいグラデーションを描くのが特徴である。","Saiyū is a modern glazing technique invented by ceramicist Tokuda Yasokichi III (1933–2009) and characterized by vividly colored glazes that fuse to create fine gradations."]
[8202,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","工芸・美術","ビスク","びすく","bisque","通常より高い焼成温度で焼くことで、釉薬がビスクと融合するだけでなく、互いに溶け合うことで効果を発揮する。","The effect is achieved by using higher-than-normal firing temperatures, causing the glazes not just to fuse to the bisque but melt into one another."]
[8203,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","書物","筆箱","ふでばこ","writing box","屏風や仏壇などの大型の装飾品から、髪飾りや筆箱などの家庭用品まで、その用途は多岐にわたる。","It was applied to both large-scale decorative works, such as screens and Buddhist altars, and to smaller household items, like hair ornaments and writing boxes."]
[8204,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","工芸・美術","金属粉","きんぞくふん","metallic powders","蒔絵とは、固まった漆の表面に、濡れた漆で形を描き、その上に金属粉を蒔いて作られる。","Maki-e, which means “sprinkled picture,” is applied to a hardened lacquer surface by first brushing on shapes in wet lacquer, then sprinkling them with metallic powders."]
[8205,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","工芸・美術","炭の粉","すみのこな","carbon powder ","また、炭の粉などを重ねて、色を濃くしたり薄くしたりすることもできる。","Materials such as carbon powder can be layered on to darken or lighten the tone."]
[8206,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","工芸・美術","沈金","ちんきん","Chinkin incised gold inlay ","沈金は、漆を硬化させたものに文様を刻み、金粉や箔を充填して文様を表現する漆器の装飾技法である。","Chinkin incised gold inlay is a decorative technique used in lacquerware in which designs are etched into hardened lacquer and filled with gold powder or foil to create a design. "]
[8207,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","植物","漆の木","うるしのき","lacquer trees","日本では、漆の木が豊富にあったこともあり、少なくとも紀元前4,000年頃から漆器が作られていた。","Thanks, in part, to abundant lacquer trees (Toxicodendron vernicifluum), Japan has been producing lacquerware since at least 4,000 BCE.","※文章を省略するため等の理由から学名を削除しても問題ないが学名を使う場合は斜体で表記。"]
[8208,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","工芸・美術","素地（下地）","そじ（したじ）","substrate (base object)","旋盤や竹編みなど素地（下地）を整える技法も含まれるが、絵付けや象嵌などの装飾技法とは区別される。","It includes techniques for preparing the substrate (base object), such as lathing or bamboo weaving, but it is distinct from decorative techniques, such as painting or metal inlay."]
[8209,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","工芸・美術","真珠層","しんじゅそう","mother of pearl /nacre","マザーオブパールは、軟体動物の貝殻の内側にできる真珠層と呼ばれる真珠のような物質のことである。","“Mother of pearl” refers to the pearl-like substance known as nacre, which builds up on the inside of certain mollusk shells.","※真珠層の英訳について、mother of pearlもnacreも両表とも用いられているが、mother of pearlのほうが一般的に知られている。"]
[8210,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会",null,"ヒメマス","ひめます","Himemasu salmon","私たちヒメマスは、世界のさまざまな地域で「コカニーサーモン」と呼ばれる陸封型のサケの一種です。","We himemasu salmon are a species of landlocked salmon called kokanee salmon in some parts of the world.","※「Kokanee salmon」はカナダ呼称である可能性があり（環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所より）アメリカ英語のスタンダードな表現を調査し「Himemasu salmon」としましたが、地域によっては「Kokanee salmon」と表現している場合もあります。"]
[8211,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","動物","チョウガイ","ちょうがい","pearl oyster","アワビやチョウガイなど多くの貝が螺鈿に適した真珠層を形成するが、その色や質はさまざまである。","Many species, including abalones and pearl oysters, produce nacre appropriate for raden, although the color and quality varies."]
[8212,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","工芸・美術","透かし彫り","すかしぼり","openwork","さらに、肉合彫りや浮き彫り、彫りくずし、透かし彫り、魚子打ちなどで文様を施すこともできる。","The metal may also be pierced with holes to create openwork or minutely dented with a hammer to create a stippled texture."]
[8213,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","工芸・美術","冶金","やきん","metallurgy","弥生時代（紀元前300年－紀元後300年）にアジア大陸から伝わり、日本の冶金技法とともに儀礼的・機能的な装飾品として発展してきた彫金の技法。","Early chasing techniques were imported from continental Asia during the Yayoi period (300 BCE–300 CE) and evolved alongside Japanese metallurgy as a way of ornamenting both ritual and functional objects."]
[8214,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","工芸・美術","緑青","ろくしょう","patina","また、伝統的な銅合金を弱酸性の溶液で処理し、保護用の酸化皮膜やカラフルな緑青（ろくしょう）を作る「色金」という技法で、珍しい色を作ることもできる。","Unusual colors are also created through a technique called irogane, in which traditional copper alloys are treated with weak acidic solutions to create protective oxide coatings and colorful patinas."]
[8215,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","工芸・美術","重ね象嵌","かさねぞうがん","multilayered inlay ","また、加賀象嵌は重ね象嵌や、色金と呼ばれる銅合金を用いて、多彩な色彩を表現することでも知られている。","Kaga zōgan is also known for multilayered inlay and for the use of patinated copper alloys called irogane that produce an array of colors."]
[8216,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","工芸・美術","惣型","そうがた","sōgata","鐘や茶道の茶釜など、円形のお椀のような形状のものには、「惣型」という手法を用いる。","The sōgata approach is used for circular, bowl-shaped objects like bells and tea ceremony kettles.","※英語の用語やフレーズで表現する良い方法はないので、ローマ字表記にして説明を加える。\n※斜体で表記。マクロン（長音符号）が使われている場合は「o」の上に横棒をつける。"]
[8217,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","工芸・美術","鎚起","ついき","hammering","金属を液体として扱うため、鎚起しなどの他の金属加工技術よりもはるかに複雑な形状を実現することができる。","When working with molten metal, artisans can achieve much more complicated shapes than are possible with other metalworking techniques, such as hammering."]
[8218,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","工芸・美術","籾殻","もみがら","rice chaff","まず、粘土と籾殻を混ぜたもので土台となる形を作る。","First, a base form is crafted using a mixture of clay and rice chaff."]
[8219,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","工芸・美術","砂張","さはり","sahari","銅、錫、鉛、銀を精密に配合した「砂張（さはり）」という合金が、この響きを生み出すのである。","The gongs produce this resonant sound thanks to their constituent alloy—a precise mixture of copper, tin, lead, and silver called sahari."]
[8220,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","工芸・美術","指物","さしもの","joinery (sashimono) ","指物（さしもの）とは、木製の板やパネルを釘を使わずに固定することである。","Joinery (sashimono) involves fastening wooden boards or panels together without the use of nails."]
[8221,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","工芸・美術","籠細工","かございく","basketry","木工は、それ自体が長い歴史を持つ多様な工芸品であるが、漆器、籠細工など多くの工芸品の重要な構成要素でもある。","Woodworking is a diverse craft with a long history in its own right, but it has also been a key component of crafts such as lacquerware and basketry."]
[8222,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","工芸・美術","刃文","はもん","temper pattern","日本では古くから片刃の刀が生産されており、鍛造技術により、複雑な鍛え肌・地肌と刃文を持つ、非常に強靭な鋼が生み出されている。","Single-edged blades have been produced in Japan for centuries using forging techniques that create exceptionally strong steel with complex surface grains and temper patterns."]
[8223,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","工芸・美術","なかご","なかご","tang","最後に刃を磨き上げ、なかご（柄の内側に納まる部分）に鍛冶職人の銘を刻む。","Finally, the blade is polished and the smith’s signature inscribed on the tang (the part of the blade that fits inside the hilt)."]
[8224,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","工芸・美術","布海苔","ふのり","seaweed-based adhesive","糊は、海藻を原料とする「布海苔（ふのり）」と、動物の皮を原料とする「膠（にかわ）」を混ぜ合わせたものである。","The glue is a mix of funori, a seaweed-based adhesive, and nikawa, an adhesive made from animal skin."]
[8225,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","工芸・美術","金箔","きんぱく","gold foil ","金箔は息を吹きかけると破れてしまうほど繊細なため、截金職人は何枚も金箔を貼り合わせて強度を高めている。","Gold foil is delicate enough to be torn by a stray breath, so kirikane artisans strengthen it by bonding several sheets together."]
[8226,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","重要無形文化財保持者","じゅうようむけいぶんかざいほじしゃ","Holders of Important Intangible Cultural Heritage ","重要無形文化財保持者とは、国の重要無形文化財に指定されている伝統工芸や芸能の名人を指す。","Holders of Important Intangible Cultural Heritage are nationally recognized masters of a traditional craft or performing art that has been designated an Important Intangible Cultural Heritage. ","※固有名詞であるため、基本的に各名詞の先頭文字を大文字にする。"]
[8227,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","工芸・美術","撥鏤","ばちる","bachiru (stained ivory engraving)","重要無形文化財の「工芸」には、陶芸、染織、漆器、金工、木竹工、人形、和紙、撥鏤（ばちる、染めに象牙を彫る）、截金（細い金箔を張って模様を描く）9分野があり…","There are nine categories for Important Intangible Cultural Heritage under the heading of “Crafts”: ceramics, textiles, lacquerware, metalwork, woodwork and bamboowork, doll making, paper making, bachiru (stained ivory engraving), and kirikane (applying thin pieces of metal foil to create designs)."]
[8228,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","工芸・美術","吉祥文様","きっしょうもんよう","auspicious images","加賀蒔絵の装飾は、有名な和歌や民話の吉祥文様を連想させる、自然の情景を描いた華麗で複雑なものが多い。","These decorations were often ornate and intricate, depicting scenes from nature that evoked famous poems or auspicious images from folklore."]
[8229,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","工芸・美術","武具","ぶぐ","martial gear","加賀蒔絵は、馬具や鎧、鞘などの武具、書見台や茶道具などの豪華な生活用品にも施された。","Kaga maki-e decoration was applied to martial gear, such as horse tack, armor, and scabbards, as well as luxury household objects, such as bookstands and tea ceremony implements."]
[8230,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","植物","ツユクサ","つゆくさ","Asiatic dayflower","そして、染めてない絹の長い帯に、ツユクサの墨で輪郭を描く（墨は水溶性のため、線は後で洗い流される）。","The outlines of the image are then painted onto a long band of undyed silk using ink made from the Asiatic dayflower. "]
[8231,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","工芸・美術","防染","ぼうせん","resist-dyeing ","彼の複雑な防染の技術は、手描きによる複雑な絵柄を可能にし、さらに水溶性の糊で染料を吸収させないようにすることで、色とりどりの精巧なデザインを可能にした。","His intricate resist-dyeing technique made elaborate, multicolored designs possible by allowing artists to hand-paint complex images while using water-soluble rice paste to protect certain areas of the fabric from absorbing unwanted dye."]
[8232,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","工芸・美術","加賀象嵌","かがぞうがん","Kaga metal inlay","加賀蒔絵や加賀象嵌などの技法もここで生まれた。","Key techniques to emerge from the workshop include Kaga maki-e and Kaga metal inlay. "]
[8233,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","乗物","北前船","きたまえぶね","coastal trading ships","一方、進取の気性に富む商人たちは、北前船を使って加賀産物を藩の外にまで広く送り出し始めた。","Meanwhile, enterprising merchants began distributing Kaga products well beyond the borders of the domain via coastal trading ships."]
[8234,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","建造物等","左右対称","さゆうたいしょう","bilateral symmetry","この建築は、左右対称、二列の窓、ピラスターとペディメントを用いた外観など、19世紀後半の建築によく見られる要素である。","This structure’s bilateral symmetry, double rows of windows, and use of pilasters and a pediment on the exterior are common elements in late nineteenth-century architecture."]
[8235,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","建造物等","半切妻","はんきりづま","clipped gable ","また、半切妻とドーマー型の換気口を持つヨーロッパ風の屋根であることも特筆すべき点である。","Another point to note is the European-style main roof, with its clipped gable and dormer-style vent."]
[8236,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","建造物等","棟飾り","むねかざり","ornamental finial","いずれも2階建てで、建物は全長85～90m、急勾配の切妻屋根に瓦葺きで、棟飾りが付いている。","Each of the two-story buildings measures about 90 meters in length and has a steep gable roof covered in Japanese-style clay tiles with ornamental finials."]
[8237,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","書物","書道具","しょどうぐ","calligraphy tool","また、茶道具、能面・能装束、書道具など、日本の広範な芸術領域に地域が参加したことを示す作品も含まれている。","The collection also includes works that demonstrate local participation in Japan’s broader artistic spheres: tea ceremony implements, noh masks and costumes, and calligraphy tools."]
[8238,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","動物","馬具","ばぐ","horse tack ","また、経典、前田家の刀剣や馬具など、石川県の歴史的な古美術品も展示されている。","Also on display are antiquities that reflect the region’s history, including Buddhist sutras and swords and horse tack from the ruling Maeda family."]
[8239,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","書物","古典籍","こてんせき","classical text","前田育徳会展示室は、前田家が収集した古典籍、古文書、甲冑、陣羽織、絵画などの宝物を所蔵する「尊経閣文庫（そんけいかくぶんこ）」の中から、選りすぐりの品々を展示している。","The Maeda Ikutokukai Gallery displays a selection of items from the Sonkeikaku Bunko, a repository of classical texts, historical documents, ornamental armor, campaign jackets, paintings, and other treasures collected by the wealthy Maeda family."]
[8240,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","書物","古文書","こもんじょ","historical document","前田育徳会展示室は、前田家が収集した古典籍、古文書、甲冑、陣羽織、絵画などの宝物を所蔵する「尊経閣文庫（そんけいかくぶんこ）」の中から、選りすぐりの品々を展示している。","The Maeda Ikutokukai Gallery displays a selection of items from the Sonkeikaku Bunko, a repository of classical texts, historical documents, ornamental armor, campaign jackets, paintings, and other treasures collected by the wealthy Maeda family. "]
[8241,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","その他","陣羽織","じんばおり","campaign jacket","前田家伝来の鎧兜、陣羽織、加賀象嵌の鐙、茶道具、山水画、書道、時には百工比照（工芸技法を示す見本のコレクション）まで、月替わりで展示している。","The displays are rotated monthly and may include sets of armor made for the Maeda lords, luxurious campaign jackets, stirrups adorned with Kaga metal inlay, tea utensils, landscape paintings, calligraphy, and occasionally, the Hyakkō Hishō—a collection of samples and objects illustrating decorative craft techniques."]
[8242,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","紋章等","梅鉢型","うめばちがた","plum-blossom-shaped ","デザインは黒漆地に金蒔絵、螺鈿細工、金象嵌で、蔓に花をあしらった文様と梅鉢型の前田家の家紋を表現している。","The design features a pattern of vines decorated with flowers and the plum-blossom-shaped Maeda family crest, all rendered in gold maki-e lacquer, raden shell inlay, and gold inlay on a black lacquer background."]
[8243,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","城下町","じょうかまち","castle town","利常の影響により、工房は正式に「御細工所」（おさいくしょ）となり、金沢の城下町にはさまざまな職人が引き寄せられた。","Under Toshitsune’s influence, the workshop was formally established as the Osaikusho, and artisans of every type were drawn to the growing Kanazawa castle town."]
[8244,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","加賀藩御細工所","かがはんおさいくしょ","Kaga Domain Workshop (Osaikusho)","中でも、金沢城の甲冑修理場を、加賀藩御細工所と呼ばれる多分野の工芸工房に変えたことは、大きな影響力を持つことになった。","One of their most influential acts was to turn a former armor repair workshop at Kanazawa Castle into a multidiscipline crafts workshop called the Kaga Domain Workshop (Osaikusho).","※「Osaikusho」は固有名詞であるため、斜体で表記する必要はない。"]
[8245,"石川県","いしかわ工芸・文化財デジタルコンテンツ推進協議会","工芸・美術","友禅","ゆうぜん","yūzen silk dyeing","刀鍛冶や友禅など、日本各地で行われている工芸が石川県で独自の発展を遂げた。また、加賀象嵌など、この地域が発祥の地とされる技法もある。","Many art forms practiced around Japan, such as swordsmithing and yūzen silk dyeing, evolved unique expressions in Ishikawa.","※「yūzen」は斜体で表記。\n※マクロン（長音符号）が使われている場合は「u」の上に横棒をつける。"]
[8246,"石川県","一般社団法人能登半島広域観光協会","年中行事","キリコ","きりこ","kiriko","「キリコ」と呼ばれる大きな灯籠の山車に伴われた神輿が、町中をめぐりながら光で照らし、精神的な保護をもたらします。","Portable mikoshi shrines, accompanied by giant lantern floats called kiriko, are carried around the towns, providing light and invoking spiritual protection. "]
[8247,"石川県","一般社団法人能登半島広域観光協会","郷土景観","千枚田","せんまいだ","Senmaida","「千枚田」 (文字通り「千枚の田んぼ」) の棚田は、広さが50平方センチメートルから約18平方メートルで、すべて手作業で耕されます。","The Senmaida (literally “thousand rice fields”) terraces, ranging from 50 centimeters to around 18 meters square, are all cultivated by hand."]
[8248,"石川県","一般社団法人能登半島広域観光協会","神社・寺院・神仏等","大祖堂","だいそどう","daisodo","法堂 (大祖堂) は、朝夕の祈りと説法の場です。","The dharma hall (daisodo) is the venue for morning and evening prayers and sermons."]
[8249,"石川県","一般社団法人能登半島広域観光協会","食","保存加工","ほぞんかこう","preserved","海産物の多くは、運びやすくするために、乾燥させたり、塩漬けや酢漬けにされています。","Much of the seafood is preserved—salted and dried, or pickled—for easy transport. "]
[8250,"石川県","一般社団法人能登半島広域観光協会","工芸・美術","沈金","ちんきん","chinkin","沈金では、鋭い金属の道具で漆器に細い線を彫った後、それを金箔で埋めます。","Chinkin involves incising fine lines in the lacquer with a sharp metal tool, which are then inlaid with gold leaf. "]
[8251,"石川県","一般社団法人能登半島広域観光協会","工芸・美術","塗","ぬり","nuri","石川県の遺跡で見つかった漆器 (「塗」) の例は、日本における漆工の歴史は遠く縄文時代 (紀元前14,000年～紀元前300年) までさかのぼることを示唆しています。","Examples of lacquerware (nuri) found at archaeological sites in Ishikawa Prefecture suggest that the history of lacquering in Japan dates back to as early as the Jomon period (14,000–300 BCE)."]
[8252,"石川県","一般社団法人能登半島広域観光協会","工芸・美術","地の粉","じのこ","jinoko","塗工房を訪れる人は、輪島の「地の粉」(珪藻土) を練ったものを木地に下塗りする工程を見ることができます。この工程は、漆を塗る前に素材を滑らかにし、強化するのに役立ちます。","Visitors can see the process of coating and priming the wood using a paste of Wajima jinoko powder (diatomaceous earth), which helps to smooth and strengthen the material before the lacquer is applied."]
[8253,"石川県","一般社団法人能登半島広域観光協会","その他","揚げ浜","あげはま","agehama","海岸の高い位置にある塩田 (「揚げ浜」)に海水を桶で運び上げ、この海水を手作業でまいて日光で蒸発させます。","Seawater is carried up in buckets to raised seaside fields (agehama), where it is scattered by hand to evaporate in the sun. "]
[8254,"石川県","一般社団法人能登半島広域観光協会","乗物","北前船","きたまえぶね","kitamaebune","「北前船」(北行きの船) と呼ばれる木造船は、18世紀と19世紀初めに、日本海沿岸を航行していました。陸路よりも、海路で物資を運んだほうが速く容易だったからです。","Wooden ships called kitamaebune (northern-bound ships) operated along the Sea of Japan coast in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, since transporting goods by sea was faster and easier than by land."]
[8255,"石川県","一般社団法人能登半島広域観光協会","その他","担ぐ","かつぐ","shouldered","奉燈それぞれを、約100人で担ぎます。担ぎ手たちは、狭い道を進んで行く際に、漁の成功を祈る言葉を叫びます。","Each float is shouldered by around 100 people, who call out prayers for successful fishing as they make their way through the narrow streets. "]
[8256,"石川県","一般社団法人能登半島広域観光協会","神社・寺院・神仏等","御便殿","ごべんでん","gobenden","皇太子が利用したこの休憩所 (「御便殿」) は、その訪問を見越して、訪問の2年前に建設されはじめました。","Construction of the imperial rest house (gobenden) started two years earlier in anticipation of his visit. "]
[8257,"石川県","一般社団法人能登半島広域観光協会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","本丸","ほんまる","honmaru","本丸は山の頂上にあり、七尾湾の向こうまで眺めることができます。","The honmaru, or main bailey, is at the summit of the mountain and commands views across Nanao Bay. "]
[8258,"石川県","一般社団法人能登半島広域観光協会","その他","画策","かくさく","jockeying","これらの家臣たちは、権力を得ようと常に画策し、不安定な同盟を結んでいました。","These families were constantly jockeying for power, creating an uneasy alliance."]
[8259,"石川県","一般社団法人能登半島広域観光協会","博物館・美術館","工芸品","こうげいひん","artifacts","この資料館の2階には、14世紀から16世紀の焼物、漆器、工芸品などが展示されています。","On the second floor of the museum, the displayed artifacts include pottery, lacquerware, and crafts dating from the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries. "]
[8260,"石川県","一般社団法人能登半島広域観光協会","神社・寺院・神仏等","仏壇","ぶつだん","butsudan","隣の部屋には、一家の仏壇が置かれており、欄間には有名な風景が彫られています。","The transoms of the adjoining room, which has the household Buddhist altar (butsudan), have panels carved to depict famous landscapes. "]
[8261,"石川県","一般社団法人能登半島広域観光協会","建造物等","柱","はしら","pillar","中央の柱の周りには、七面ある展望台が建てられています。","The seven-sided observatory is built around a central pillar."]
[8262,"石川県","一般社団法人能登半島広域観光協会","工芸・美術","加賀友禅","かがゆうぜん","Kaga yuzen","花嫁のれんは綿から作られるのが一般的でしたが、最も豪華なものは絹でできており、加賀友禅を用いた複雑な題材が描かれていました。加賀友禅とは、17世紀にこの地域で発達した、防染剤を用いる染色技法です。","The curtains were typically made from cotton, but the most lavish were made of silk, with intricate motifs rendered in Kaga yuzen, a resist-dye technique that developed in the region in the seventeenth century."]
[8263,"石川県","一般社団法人能登半島広域観光協会","その他","引桶","しこけ","shikoke","そして、引桶（しこけ）と呼ばれる桶に海水を貯めていくのです。","Workers carry the buckets of seawater to a sand-covered field to a large tub called a shikoke."]
[8264,"石川県","一般社団法人能登半島広域観光協会","その他","かん水","かんすい","brine","できた塩の結晶をすくい上げて、さらに海水と混ぜ合わせます。それを濾過すると、砂が取り除かれ、濃い塩水ができます。","The resulting salt crystals are scooped up and mixed with more seawater, then filtered to remove the sand and form a concentrated brine."]
[8265,"石川県","一般社団法人能登半島広域観光協会","その他","電気透析","でんきとうせき","electrodialysis","現在、最も一般的な方法は、イオン交換膜電気透析です。この方法は、電気を使って、塩化ナトリウム粒子を海水から分離し、濃い塩水を作ります。","Now, the most common method is ion-exchange membrane electrodialysis, which uses electricity to separate the sodium chloride particles from seawater to produce a concentrated salt solution. "]
[8266,"石川県","一般社団法人能登半島広域観光協会","工芸・美術","珠洲焼","すずやき","Suzu ware","珠洲焼は、能登半島の先端で作られる素焼きです。独特な暗い灰色をしており、これは焼き方に由来します。","Suzu ware is an unglazed pottery from the tip of the Noto Peninsula, with a distinctive dark gray color derived from its firing method. "]
[8267,"石川県","一般社団法人能登半島広域観光協会","工芸・美術","装飾","そうしょく","decorative","装飾の技法には、植物の繊細な意匠を彫る、櫛のようなもので平行線を描く、粘土に模様を押してつけるなどの技法がありました。","Decorative techniques included incising delicate botanical designs, combing parallel lines, or stamping patterns into the clay. "]
[8268,"石川県","一般社団法人能登半島広域観光協会","その他","現存する","げんぞんする","extant","珠洲焼の現存する例の多くは、珠洲の遺跡から発掘されたものや、難破船から引き上げられたものです。 ","Many of the extant examples of Suzu ware were unearthed from sites in Suzu or recovered from shipwrecks. "]
[8269,"石川県","一般社団法人能登半島広域観光協会","工芸・美術","窖窯","あながま","anagama kiln","初期の珠洲焼は、丘の斜面に作られたトンネル状の「窖窯」(あながま。穴窯とも呼ばれます) で焼かれていました。","Early Suzu ware was fired in tunnel-shaped anagama kilns (sometimes called tunnel kilns) built into hill slopes"]
[8270,"石川県","一般社団法人能登半島広域観光協会","その他","手回り品","てまわりひん","paraphernalia","多くの高齢者住民は、蔵のある大きな家にひとりで住んでいます。これらの蔵は、何世代もの間放置されてきた民具、家具、そして雑多なものでいっぱいです。","Many elderly residents live alone in large homes with storehouses full of folk tools, furniture, and paraphernalia that have been left untouched for generations. "]
[8271,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","博物館・美術館","若狭歴史博物館","わかされきしはくぶつかん","Wakasa History Museum","いくつかの仏像は若狭歴史博物館に保管されていますが、ほとんどは何世紀にもわたって崇拝されてきた同じ寺院に残っています。","While some statues are kept in the Wakasa History Museum, most remain in the same temples where they have been worshipped for centuries."]
[8272,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","時代・歴史組織・団体","若狭国","わかさのくに","Wakasa Province","若狭国では807年に国分寺が建立されました。","In Wakasa Province, a kokubunji temple was constructed in 807."]
[8273,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","国分寺","こくぶんじ","kokubunji","若狭国では807年に国分寺が建立されました。","In Wakasa Province, a kokubunji temple was constructed in 807.","※「kokubunji」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[8274,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","建造物等","一木造","いちぼくづくり","ichiboku-zukuri","一木造と呼ばれる技術で、一本の木から像の全体が彫られました。","A single piece of wood was used to carve the entire figure in a technique called ichiboku-zukuri.","※「ichiboku-zukuri」は現状一般名詞ではないので\n斜体で表記。"]
[8275,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","建造物等","寄木造","よせぎづくり","yosegi-zukuri","寄木造（木のブロックを結合する）技術は、より細かい作業を行うため、像のパーツを別々に彫り、その後に組み上げるもので、この時代に導入され普及しました。","The yosegi-zukuri (joined woodblock) technique, in which parts of the sculpture were carved separately and then assembled for more detailed work, was introduced and popularized during that time.","※「yosegi-zukuri」は現状一般名詞ではないので\n斜体で表記。"]
[8276,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","建造物等","玉眼","ぎょくがん","gyokugan","寺院内の暗い照明に映える水晶の目を入れる、玉眼という技法が流行しました。","The gyokugan (literally “jewel eyes”) technique of adding crystal eyes that shone in the low lighting of temple interiors became popular.","※「gyokugan」は現状一般名詞ではないので\n斜体で表記。"]
[8277,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","集落・街","黒駒","くろこま","Kurokoma","これは、神仏習合の時代に黒駒の神社に勤めていた僧侶によって崇拝されたという記録もあれば、村人によって建てられ近所のお寺の管理下となったお堂に安置されていた可能性があるという記録もあります。","Some records suggest that it was venerated by monks who served at shrines in Kurokoma during the time of syncretic Shinto and Buddhist worship, while others indicate that it may have been housed in a hall built by the community and affiliated with a nearby temple."]
[8278,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","印相","いんそう","mudra","大日如来の手は、五つの元素（土、水、火、風、金）と精神的意識との統一を象徴する印相の手振りを形成しています。","The hands of Dainichi Buddha form a mudra gesture symbolizing the unity of the five elements (earth, water, fire, air, and metal) with spiritual consciousness."]
[8279,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","円照寺","えんしょうじ","Enshoji Temple","この不動明王像の原品は、小浜市中心部の円照寺に祀られており、国の重要文化財に指定されています。","The original of this sculpture depicting Fudo Myo-o, the Immovable Wisdom King, is enshrined at Enshoji Temple in central Obama and is a nationally designated Important Cultural Property."]
[8280,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","不動十九観","ふどうじゅうきゅうかん","Fudo jukyukan","不動十九観像の初期の作例で、ボリュームのある巻き髪や左肩にかかる三つ編み、唇に食い込む歯、片方の目を開けてもう片方の目を細め、剣となげなわを持っているなどの相が特徴的です。","Fudo jukyukan (“nineteen visualizations of Fudo Myo-o”), incorporating characteristic iconography such as voluminous curly hair and a braid over the left shoulder, the way the teeth bite into the lips, having one eye open and the other squinted, and holding a sword and a lasso."]
[8281,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","常禅寺","じょうぜんじ","Jozenji Temple","この不動明王像の原品は、かつて常禅寺近くの山にある不動堂に安置されており、現在は境内の宝物庫に保管されています。","The original of this Fudo Myo-o image was once enshrined in the Fudodo Hall on a mountain near Jozenji Temple and is now kept in a repository on the temple grounds."]
[8282,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","円珍","えんちん","Enchin","作風は、仏教僧の円珍（814年～891年）が中国から日本に持ち帰った仏像に基づいています。","The style is based on a statue brought to Japan from China by the Buddhist monk Enchin (814–891)."]
[8283,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","長慶院","ちょうけいいん"," Chokeiin Temple","原品は長慶院が運営する観音堂に安置されており、国の重要文化財に指定されています。","The original is enshrined in the Kannondo Hall administered by Chokeiin Temple and is a nationally designated Important Cultural Property."]
[8284,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","日光寺","にっこうじ","Nikkoji Temple","記録によると、当初は久須夜ヶ岳の麓にある日光寺の本尊でした。","According to records, it was initially the principal object of worship at Nikkoji Temple located at the foot of Mt. Kusuyagadake."]
[8285,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","山岳","久須夜ヶ岳","くすやがだけ","Mt. Kusuyagadake","記録によると、当初は久須夜ヶ岳の麓にある日光寺の本尊でした。","According to records, it was initially the principal object of worship at Nikkoji Temple located at the foot of Mt. Kusuyagadake."]
[8286,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","行基","ぎょうき","Gyoki","伝説によれば、731年に奈良の高僧・行基（668年～749年）が彫ったと伝えられています。","Legend says that the figure was carved in 731 by Gyoki (668–749), a prominent monk from Nara."]
[8287,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","馬頭観音","ばとうかんのん","Bato Kannon","この馬頭観音像の原品は馬居寺の本堂に安置されています。","The original of this image of Bato (Horse-Headed) Kannon is enshrined in the main hall at Magoji Temple."]
[8288,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","馬居寺","まごじ","Magoji Temple","この馬頭観音像の原品は馬居寺の本堂に安置されています。","The original of this image of Bato (Horse-Headed) Kannon is enshrined in the main hall at Magoji Temple."]
[8289,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","集落・街","仏谷","ほとけだに","Hotokedani","仏谷村では古くからこの像が信仰され、村の宗教生活の中心的役割を果たしてきました。","The statue was long worshipped in the village of Hotokedani, playing a central role in the religious life of the community."]
[8290,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","錫杖","しゃくじょう","shakujo","この像は、僧侶の衣をまとい、半跏趺座し、右手に錫杖を持った地蔵を描いています。","The sculpture depicts Jizo in monk robes, sitting in a half-lotus position, and holding a shakujo staff in the right hand.","※「shakujo」は現状一般名詞ではないので\n斜体で表記。"]
[8291,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","集落・街","上根来","かみねごり","Kaminegori","上根来は若狭と京都を結ぶ交易路網である鯖街道に面しており、交易や文化交流の拠点となりました。","Kaminegori was located on the Saba Kaido (“Mackerel Road”), a network of trade routes connecting Wakasa to Kyoto, and became a trading hub and a site of cultural exchange."]
[8292,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","集落・街","鯖街道","さばかいどう","Saba Kaido","上根来は若狭と京都を結ぶ交易路網である鯖街道に面しており、交易や文化交流の拠点となりました。","Kaminegori was located on the Saba Kaido (“Mackerel Road”), a network of trade routes connecting Wakasa to Kyoto, and became a trading hub and a site of cultural exchange."]
[8293,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","年中行事","弓射ち","ゆみうち","yumi-uchi","若狭の各地で行われる弓射ちの儀式は、特別な的に向かって矢を放つことによって、その年を占います。","Yumi-uchi (bow-shooting) rituals are performed throughout Wakasa to make predictions for the year by firing arrows at a special target.","※「yumi-uchi」は現状一般名詞ではないので\n斜体で表記。"]
[8294,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","年中行事","トイワイ","といわい","Toiwai","トイワイ（またはキツネガリ）と呼ばれる行事では、神々に代わって子どもたちが村を回り、幸運を授けるために、唱えごとをしたり神事用の槌や棒で戸口をドンドンと叩いたりします。","In the Toiwai (or Kitsunegari) ritual, children acting as representatives of the deities go around the village chanting or pounding on doors with ritual mallets or sticks to bestow good fortune."]
[8295,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","年中行事","キツネガリ","きつねがり","Kitsunegari","トイワイ（またはキツネガリ）と呼ばれる行事では、神々に代わって子どもたちが村を回り、幸運を授けるために、唱えごとをしたり神事用の槌や棒で戸口をドンドンと叩いたりします。","In the Toiwai (or Kitsunegari) ritual, children acting as representatives of the deities go around the village chanting or pounding on doors with ritual mallets or sticks to bestow good fortune."]
[8296,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","年中行事","田の神祭り","たのかみまつり","Ta no Kami festival","5月下旬から6月上旬にかけて、若狭町の約30の集落で、田の神祭りが開催され、この祭りでは、子どもたちが小さな持ち運べる社（神輿）を担ぎ、集落や田畑を練り歩きます。","From late May to early June, about 30 rural communities in Wakasa hold Ta no Kami (deity of the fields) festivals, with children carrying small portable shrines (mikoshi) through the village and fields."]
[8297,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","神輿","みこし","mikoshi","5月下旬から6月上旬にかけて、若狭町の約30の集落で、田の神祭りが開催され、この祭りでは、子どもたちが小さな持ち運べる社（神輿）を担ぎ、集落や田畑を練り歩きます。","From late May to early June, about 30 rural communities in Wakasa hold Ta no Kami (deity of the fields) festivals, with children carrying small portable shrines (mikoshi) through the village and fields.","※「mikoshi」は現状一般名詞ではないので\n斜体で表記。"]
[8298,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","年中行事","六斎念仏","ろくさいねんぶつ","Rokusai Nenbutsu","六斎念仏は何世紀も前に京都からもたらされ、今でも若狭の約20の集落で、踊り方や参加者の年齢、衣装も様々に演じられています。","The Rokusai Nenbutsu was brought from Kyoto centuries ago and is still performed in some 20 communities in Wakasa with variations in dance style, age of participants, and costumes."]
[8299,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","年中行事","松上げ","まつあげ","Matsuage","同じく京都発祥の伝統である松上げという火の儀式では、大きな松明が野原に設置され、夕方になると男性たちが、松明に火を点けるために燃える薪の束を投げます。","In the Matsuage fire ritual, another tradition that originated in Kyoto, a large torch is set up in a field, and at nightfall men throw burning bundles of kindling at the torch, attempting to light it."]
[8300,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","年中行事","精霊船送り","しょうらいぶねおくり","Shoraibune Okuri","その一例が、精霊船送りという儀式で、祖先の霊が生者との訪問の終わりに霊界に戻るための儀式用の船を提供します。","One example is the Shoraibune Okuri (“boat sendoff”) ritual, in which ancestral spirits are provided with ritual ships for their return to the spirit realm at the end of their visit with the living."]
[8301,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","年中行事","ニソの杜","にそのもり","Niso no Mori","大島半島では、ニソの杜と呼ばれる宗教的な行事があり、遠い祖先たちが神として、地元の森の聖域や山のふもとにある離れた小さな祭壇で祀られます。","On the Oshima Peninsula, there is a religious practice called Niso no Mori, in which distant ancestors are venerated as deities at small, remote altars in the sacred areas of local woodlands or at the foot of mountains."]
[8302,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","年中行事","霜月の先祖祭り","しもつきのせんぞまつり","Shimotsuki no Senzo festival","霜月の先祖祭り（11月に先祖を崇拝する）がその風習に含まれ、11月下旬または12月に祭壇で特別なお供え物が奉納されます。","This includes the Shimotsuki no Senzo (“worshipping ancestors in the eleventh month”) festival, in which special offerings are presented at the altars in the woods in late November or December."]
[8303,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","年中行事","山の神の祭り","やまのかみのまつり","Yama no Kami festival","若狭地方全体で祝われる山の神々のための山の神の祭りの間、同様のお供え物が冬の期間に、小さな祭壇に置かれます。","During the Yama no Kami festivals for the mountain deities, which are celebrated throughout the Wakasa region, similar offerings are put on small altars in the winter months."]
[8304,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","工芸・美術","鉦","かね","kane","「お盆」のコーナーでは、特徴的な鐘や手持ちできる締め太鼓など、六斎念仏の楽器の例が紹介されています。","The “Obon” section contains examples of the musical instruments used in the Rokusai Nenbutsu, such as the characteristic kane bells and handheld shimedaiko drums."]
[8305,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","工芸・美術","締め太鼓","しめだいこ","shimedaiko","「お盆」のコーナーでは、特徴的な鐘や手持ちできる締め太鼓など、六斎念仏の楽器の例が紹介されています。","The “Obon” section contains examples of the musical instruments used in the Rokusai Nenbutsu, such as the characteristic kane bells and handheld shimedaiko drums."]
[8306,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","年中行事","精霊船","しょうらいぶね","shoraibune","精霊船は、大きな2/3スケールの模型で表現されています。","The shoraibune ships are represented with a large, 2/3 scale model."]
[8307,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","年中行事","オコゼ","おこぜ","okoze","山の神の祭の場合は、お供え物は、美しい女性に嫉妬する山の女神をなだめると信じられているオコゼなどがあります。","In the case of the Yama no Kami festival, offerings include okoze stonefish, believed to appease a mountain goddess who is jealous of beautiful women.","※「okoze」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[8308,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","王の舞","おうのまい","O no Mai","現在、この地域では17の「王の舞」が保存されており、春の祭りの際によく行われます。","At present, seventeen O no Mai dances are preserved in the region and are usually performed during spring festivals."]
[8309,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","伎楽","ぎがく","gigaku","王の舞はまた、舞楽の人気が高まるにつれて次第に姿を消したアジア大陸のさらに古いタイプの仮面舞踊である伎楽の影響を受けている可能性があります。","O no Mai may also have been influenced by gigaku, an even older type of masked dance from mainland Asia that gradually disappeared as bugaku became more popular."]
[8310,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","舞楽","ぶがく","bugaku","王の舞と、散手や貴徳などの舞手が勝利を祝う軍の司令官を表していると考えられている古代の舞楽作品との間には類似点が見られます。","Similarities can be found between O no Mai and ancient bugaku pieces such as Sanju and Kitoku, in which the dancers are thought to represent military leaders celebrating a victory."]
[8311,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","散手","さんじゅ","Sanju","王の舞と、散手や貴徳などの舞手が勝利を祝う軍の司令官を表していると考えられている古代の舞楽作品との間には類似点が見られます。","Similarities can be found between O no Mai and ancient bugaku pieces such as Sanju and Kitoku, in which the dancers are thought to represent military leaders celebrating a victory.","※外来語のタイトルのため、斜体で表記。"]
[8312,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","貴徳","きとく","Kitoku","王の舞と、散手や貴徳などの舞手が勝利を祝う軍の司令官を表していると考えられている古代の舞楽作品との間には類似点が見られます。","Similarities can be found between O no Mai and ancient bugaku pieces such as Sanju and Kitoku, in which the dancers are thought to represent military leaders celebrating a victory.","※外来語のタイトルのため、斜体で表記。"]
[8313,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","社会","荘園","しょうえん","shoen","王の舞の伝統は、遠い地方にいる公家や有力な神社仏閣によって維持された荘園（私有農地）の存在によって維持されました。","It was sustained due to the presence of shoen, private agricultural estates that were maintained in distant provinces by court nobles and influential shrines and temples.","※「shoen」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[8314,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","彌美神社","みみじんじゃ","Mimi Jinja Shrine","ガラスケースの中にある、赤い羽織、孔雀の羽で作られた精巧な鳳凰の頭飾り、江戸時代（1603年～1867年）の鼻の長い仮面は全て、かつては彌美神社の王の舞で使用されていました。","A red robe, an elaborate phoenix headdress made with peacock feathers, and a long-nosed mask from the Edo period (1603–1867) that are displayed in a glass case were all once used in the O no Mai at Mimi Jinja Shrine."]
[8315,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","年中行事","雲浜獅子","うんぴんじし","Unpin Jishi","その一つである雲浜獅子という舞は、今でも小浜市のある地区で演じられています。","One of these, the Unpin Jishi lion dance, is still performed in one of Obama’s wards."]
[8316,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","年中行事","祇園祭","ぎおんまつり","Gion Festival","昔の小浜の都会的なお祭りの代表的な例は、廣嶺神社の祇園祭でした。","A prime example of the grand urban festivals of old Obama was the Gion Festival of Hiromine Jinja Shrine."]
[8317,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","廣嶺神社","ひろみねじんじゃ","Hiromine Jinja Shrine","昔の小浜の都会的なお祭りの代表的な例は、廣嶺神社の祇園祭でした。","A prime example of the grand urban festivals of old Obama was the Gion Festival of Hiromine Jinja Shrine."]
[8318,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","年中行事","棒振","ぼうふり","bofuri","有名な京都の祇園祭の影響は、大きな山車、祭りの音楽、棒振の踊り手などに見ることができます。","The influence of the famous Gion Festival of Kyoto can be seen in the large floats, festival music, and pole-wielding bofuri dancers.","※「bofuri」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[8319,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","年中行事","放生祭","ほうぜまつり","Hoze Festival","小浜の祇園祭の演目の一部は、9月中旬に八幡神社で行われる放生祭の一環となりました。","Some of the performance aspects of the Obama Gion Festival have become part of the Hoze Festival held by Hachiman Jinja Shrine in mid-September."]
[8320,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","八幡神社","はちまんじんじゃ","Hachiman Jinja Shrine","小浜の祇園祭の演目の一部は、9月中旬に八幡神社で行われる放生祭の一環となりました。","Some of the performance aspects of the Obama Gion Festival have become part of the Hoze Festival held by Hachiman Jinja Shrine in mid-September."]
[8321,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","工芸・美術","大太鼓","おおだいこ","odaiko","大太鼓打ち手は黒い模様のある特徴的な黄色の着物を着ています。","The odaiko drummer is dressed in a distinctive yellow kimono with black patterns.","※「odaiko」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[8322,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","年中行事","赤やせ","あかやせ","Red Yase","他の衣装には、持っている儀式的な武器で人々を追い立てることで不幸を追放すると言われている赤やせと、魚籠で作られた大きな頭を持つコミカルな人物であるおこべがあります。","Other costumes include the Red Yase, a figure said to banish misfortune by chasing people with the ritual weapon it holds, and Okobe, a comical figure with a large head made from a fish basket."]
[8323,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","年中行事","おこべ","おこべ","Okobe","他の衣装には、持っている儀式的な武器で人々を追い立てることで不幸を追放すると言われている赤やせと、魚籠で作られた大きな頭を持つコミカルな人物であるおこべがあります。","Other costumes include the Red Yase, a figure said to banish misfortune by chasing people with the ritual weapon it holds, and Okobe, a comical figure with a large head made from a fish basket."]
[8324,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","集落・街","嶺南","れいなん","Reinan","福井県南西部の若狭湾沿いにある嶺南地域では、当時の遺跡が60以上発見されています。","Over 60 archaeological sites from that time have been discovered in the Reinan area in the southwestern part of Fukui Prefecture along Wakasa Bay."]
[8325,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","河川・渓谷","はす川","はすがわ","Hasu River","この貝塚は、若狭町鳥浜の、はす川と高瀬川が合流する地域の地下深くで発見されました。","The shell midden was discovered deep underground in the Torihama neighborhood of the town of Wakasa, where the Hasu and Takase Rivers meet."]
[8326,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","河川・渓谷","高瀬川","たかせがわ","Takase River","この貝塚は、若狭町鳥浜の、はす川と高瀬川が合流する地域の地下深くで発見されました。","The shell midden was discovered deep underground in the Torihama neighborhood of the town of Wakasa, where the Hasu and Takase Rivers meet."]
[8327,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","史跡","鳥浜貝塚","とりはまかいづか","Torihama Shell Midden","鳥浜貝塚遺跡では、丸木船、弓、斧の柄、木製の容器などの人工物が発見されました。","Dugout canoes, bows, axe handles, wooden containers, and other crafted objects were discovered at the Torihama Shell Midden site."]
[8328,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","乗物","丸木船","まるきぶね","dugout canoe","鳥浜貝塚遺跡では、丸木船、弓、斧の柄、木製の容器などの人工物が発見されました。","Dugout canoes, bows, axe handles, wooden containers, and other crafted objects were discovered at the Torihama Shell Midden site."]
[8329,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","高原・湿原・原野","小浜平野","おばまへいや","Obama Plain","弥生時代のいくつかの重要な遺跡が小浜平野と敦賀平野で発見されておりました。","Several important archaeological sites dating to the Yayoi period have been discovered on the Obama and Tsuruga Plains."]
[8330,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","高原・湿原・原野","敦賀平野","つるがへいや","Tsuruga Plain","弥生時代のいくつかの重要な遺跡が小浜平野と敦賀平野で発見されておりました。","Several important archaeological sites dating to the Yayoi period have been discovered on the Obama and Tsuruga Plains."]
[8331,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","工芸・美術","高坏","たかつき","footed tray","しかし、より多様な目的を反映して陶器の種類は増加し、調理用のかめ、保存用の壺、鉢、高坏などがありました。","However, the variety of pottery types increased, reflecting more diverse purposes, and included cooking pots, storage jars, bowls, footed trays, and more."]
[8332,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","史跡","銅鐸","どうたく","dotaku","弥生時代に作られた青銅の鋳物で最も特徴的なのが、銅鐸と呼ばれる儀式用の鐘です。","Among the most distinctive cast bronze items created in the Yayoi period were ritual bells called dotaku."]
[8333,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","史跡","吉河遺跡","よしこいせき","Yoshiko Site","弥生時代中期にできた吉河遺跡は、敦賀平野の南東の端に位置しています。","The Yoshiko site, established sometime in the mid-Yayoi period, is located on the southeastern edge of the Tsuruga Plain."]
[8334,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","史跡","竪穴式住居","たてあなしきじゅうきょ","pit dwelling","遺跡の北部は居住域であったことが、竪穴式住居などの遺跡によって証明されています。","The northern part of the site was residential, evidenced by remains of pit dwellings."]
[8335,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","史跡","府中石田遺跡","ふちゅういしだいせき","Fuchu-Ishida site","2005年～2008年に発掘が行われた府中石田遺跡では、多くの重要な考古学的発見がありました。","Many significant archaeological discoveries were made at the Fuchu-Ishida site, which was excavated in 2005–2008."]
[8336,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","史跡","方形周溝墓","ほうけいしゅうこうぼ","ditch-enclosed rectangular burial site","この発見には、若狭地域で最初に発見された方形周溝墓と、北陸地方で最初に発見された木製の棺が含まれていました。","These include the first ditch-enclosed rectangular burial site found in the Wakasa area and the first wooden coffins discovered in the Hokuriku region."]
[8337,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","史跡","分銅形土製品","ふんどうがたどせいひん","hourglass-shaped clay tablet","加えて、主に本州西部にある中国地域と四国で見つかった分銅形土製品が、福井県で初めて府中石田遺跡で発見されました。","In addition, the Fuchu-Ishida site was the first location in Fukui Prefecture that contained hourglass-shaped clay tablets found predominantly in the Chugoku region in the west of Honshu and in Shikoku."]
[8338,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","史跡","古墳","こふん","kofun","この時代の名前は、天皇や一族の指導者、その他の有力者など、支配階級の人のために建設された大規模な古墳に由来しています。","The name of the historical period comes from the large burial mounds (kofun) that were built for emperors and members of ruling elites, such as clan leaders and other prominent figures.","※「kofun」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。\n「burial mound」も可能です。\n尚、固有名詞の場合、「○○Tumulus」にしておきます。"]
[8339,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","史跡","前方後円墳","ぜんぽうこうえんふん","keyhole-shaped kofun","日本列島の各地に築かれた前方後円墳は、大和朝廷の権力の象徴と考えられています。","The keyhole-shaped kofun built across the Japanese archipelago are considered symbols of Yamato power."]
[8340,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","史跡","副葬品","ふくそうひん","grave goods","故人には、武器や馬具、農具やその他の道具、装飾品、そして祭器などの副葬品が添えられました。","The deceased was accompanied by grave goods such as weapons, horse tack, agricultural and other tools, jewelry, and ritual implements."]
[8341,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","史跡","横穴式石室","よこあなしきせきしつ","horizontal stone chamber","5世紀半ばから6世紀前半にかけて若狭に築かれた古墳には、最初に九州で出現した横穴式石室の採用や、朝鮮半島からもたらされた副葬品の使用が見られます。","The burial mounds built in Wakasa between the mid-fifth and the early sixth century show the adoption of horizontal stone chambers that first emerged on the island of Kyushu, as well as the use of grave goods originating from the Korean Peninsula."]
[8342,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","河川・渓谷","北川","きたがわ","Kita River","若狭・敦賀地域で特に大きな古墳の多くは、小浜市と若狭町の間にある北川流域にあります。","Many of the particularly large kofun in the Wakasa and Tsuruga regions are located in the Kita River basin between the present-day city of Obama and the town of Wakasa."]
[8343,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","史跡","丸山塚古墳","まるやまづかこふん","Maruyamazuka Tumulus","この地域の強力な氏族長のための最後の大規模な古墳は丸山塚古墳で、6世紀半ばに造られた直径約50ｍの円墳でした（しかし、現存はしていません）。","The last large kofun of a powerful clan leader in the area was Maruyamazuka Tumulus, a round mound about 50 meters in diameter that was built in the mid-sixth century (but no longer exists)."]
[8344,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","史跡","西塚古墳","にしづかこふん","Nishizuka Tumulus","例えば、若狭中心部にある5世紀後半の氏族長の墓である西塚古墳からは、金の耳飾り、銅鏡、金銅の帯具、銀の鈴などが発見されており、その中には朝鮮半島製のものもありました。","For example, items found in Nishizuka Tumulus, the late fifth-century tomb of a clan chief located in the central part of Wakasa, include gold earrings, bronze mirrors, gilt bronze belt fittings, and silver bells, some of which were made on the Korean Peninsula."]
[8345,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","史跡","土師器","はじき","Haji ware","4世紀初頭、土師器と呼ばれる素焼きの赤褐色の陶器が日本で開発されました。","Early in the fourth century, a type of unglazed, reddish-brown pottery called Haji ware was developed in Japan."]
[8346,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","史跡","須恵器","すえき","Sue ware","これにより、須恵器と呼ばれる、耐久性が高く、浸透性が低い、灰色の陶器が生み出されました。","This produced more durable, less porous, gray-colored pottery called Sue ware."]
[8347,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","史跡","獅子塚古墳","ししづかこふん","Shishizuka Tumulus","獅子塚古墳用の土器を作っていた窯の跡が、近くの山腹で発見されました。","Remains of a kiln that produced Sue pottery for the Shishizuka Tumulus were discovered on the nearby mountainside."]
[8348,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","史跡","勾玉","まがたま","magatama","展示されている装飾品は、石室から出土した丸い玉や管玉、コンマの形をした勾玉を組み合わせたものです。","The ornament on display was assembled from round, tubular, and comma-shaped magatama beads that were discovered in the burial chamber; the beads were originally parts of several necklaces.","※「magatama」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[8349,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","史跡","埴輪","はにわ","haniwa","大きな円筒型の埴輪は、5世紀前半に築造された若狭の族長の墓である城山古墳から出土した破片から復元されました。","The large cylindrical haniwa was restored from fragments found at Shiroyama Tumulus, a tomb of a Wakasa chieftain built in the first half of the fifth century.","※「haniwa」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[8350,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","史跡","城山古墳","しろやまこふん","Shiroyama Tumulus","大きな円筒型の埴輪は、5世紀前半に築造された若狭の族長の墓である城山古墳から出土した破片から復元されました。","The large cylindrical haniwa was restored from fragments found at Shiroyama Tumulus, a tomb of a Wakasa chieftain built in the first half of the fifth century."]
[8351,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","史跡","向山1号墳","むかいやまいちごうふん","Mukaiyama Tumulus No. 1","古墳の断面の模型は、5世紀半ば頃に造られた前方後円墳の向山1号墳です。","The cross-section kofun model represents the keyhole-shaped Mukaiyama Tumulus No. 1, built in the mid-fifth century."]
[8352,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","膳臣","かしわでのおみ","Kashiwade no Omi","公式的な朝廷への食糧の提供者として、この氏族は膳臣の称号を与えられた。","As official purveyors of food to the court, the clan was granted the title of Kashiwade no Omi."]
[8353,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","書物","先代旧事本紀","せんだいくじほんぎ","Sendai kuji hongi","展示されている文書は、江戸時代（1603年～1867年）の先代旧事本紀と日本書紀の翻刻であり、膳臣に関する情報を含んでいる初期の日本の歴史書の内の2つです。","The texts on exhibit are Edo-period (1603–1867) reprints of Sendai kuji hongi and Nihon shoki, two of the early Japanese histories that contain some information about the Kashiwade no Omi clan."]
[8354,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","書物","日本書紀","にほんしょき","Nihon shoki","展示されている文書は、江戸時代（1603年～1867年）の先代旧事本紀と日本書紀の翻刻であり、膳臣に関する情報を含んでいる初期の日本の歴史書の内の2つです。","The texts on exhibit are Edo-period (1603–1867) reprints of Sendai kuji hongi and Nihon shoki, two of the early Japanese histories that contain some information about the Kashiwade no Omi clan.","※外来語のタイトルのため、斜体で表記。"]
[8355,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","荒礪命","あらとのみこと","Arato no Mikoto","例えば、先代旧事本紀の第10巻には、氏祖の息子であった荒礪命が5世紀に若狭地方を統治するよう任命された経緯が語られています。","For example, volume 10 of Sendai kuji hongi tells the story of how Arato no Mikoto, the son of the clan’s founder, was appointed to govern the Wakasa region in the fifth century."]
[8356,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","史跡","木簡","もっかん","mokkan","８世紀にこのような支払いのための荷札として使われた木簡と呼ばれる木の板が、古代の首都であり、現在の奈良県にあった藤原京や平城京から出土しています。","Wooden tablets called mokkan that served as shipping tags for such payments in the eighth century have been excavated from the ancient capitals of Fujiwarakyo and Heijokyo in present-day Nara Prefecture."]
[8357,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","時代・歴史組織・団体","御食国","みけつくに","miketsukuni","このことから若狭国は、御食国と呼ばれる、天皇や朝廷のための食糧を供給する地として指定された地域であったことが伺えます。","This suggests that Wakasa Province was a miketsukuni, a region designated as a provider of food for the emperor and the court.","※「miketsukuni」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で\n表記。"]
[8358,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","社会","調","ちょう","cho","この荷札の多くは、調という、年齢と労働能力に応じて調整された平民階級の人々に課される一種の個人税を支払うための、塩の出荷を記録していました。","Many of the tags marked salt shipments used to pay cho, a type of individual tax levied on people of the commoner class with adjustments according to age and working ability."]
[8359,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","書物","万葉集","まんようしゅう","Man’yoshu","8世紀の歌集である万葉集には、3つの御食国が具体的に言及されています。","The Man’yoshu, an eighth-century poetry collection, specifically mentions three miketsukuni."]
[8360,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","書物","延喜式","えんぎしき","Engishiki","10世紀初頭の風習や公務の手続きを編纂した延喜式には、塩や海産物で税や年貢を納めていたことについての詳細な情報があります。","Detailed information about Wakasa Province paying taxes and tributes in salt and seafood appears in the Engishiki, a compilation of customs and official procedures from the early tenth century."]
[8361,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","食","醤","ひしお","hishio","4つの小さな器は、醤（味噌や醤油の前身）や塩、酢、酒という調味料のために使用されました。","Four smaller containers were used for seasonings: hishio (a precursor of miso and soy sauce), salt, vinegar, and sake."]
[8362,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","史跡","岡津製塩遺跡","おこづせいえんいせき","Okozu salt production site","小浜と若狭にある、岡津、阿納塩浜、曽根田の製塩所跡から、土器の破片が出土しました。","The fragments of earthenware vessels were excavated from the Okozu, Ano Shiohama, and Soneda salt production sites in Obama and Wakasa."]
[8363,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","史跡","阿納塩浜遺跡","あのうしおはまいせき","Ano Shiohama site","小浜と若狭にある、岡津、阿納塩浜、曽根田の製塩所跡から、土器の破片が出土しました。","The fragments of earthenware vessels were excavated from the Okozu, Ano Shiohama, and Soneda salt production sites in Obama and Wakasa."]
[8364,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","史跡","曽根田遺跡","そねだいせき","Soneda site","小浜と若狭にある、岡津製塩遺跡、阿納塩浜遺跡、曽根田遺跡から、土器の破片が出土しました。","The fragments of earthenware vessels were excavated from the Okozu, Ano Shiohama, and Soneda salt production sites in Obama and Wakasa."]
[8365,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","集落・街","角鹿","つぬが","Tsunuga","何世紀もの間、若狭湾に沿った角鹿地域（現在の敦賀市）は、良質な塩の産地として知られていました。","For centuries, the Tsunuga area along Wakasa Bay (present-day Tsuruga) was known for producing high-quality salt."]
[8366,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","平群真鳥","へぐりのまとり","Heguri no Matori","8世紀の日本の歴史の年代記である日本書紀によると、有力な高位の大臣であった平群真鳥（498年没）は、伝説的な第24代天皇である仁賢天皇（449年～498年）の死後、権力を奪い、国を支配しようとしました。","According to Nihon shoki, an eighth-century chronicle of Japanese history, the powerful, high-ranking minister Heguri no Matori (d. 498) tried to usurp power and reign over the country after the death of Emperor Ninken (449–498), the legendary 24th emperor."]
[8367,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","仁賢天皇","にんけんてんのう","Emperor Ninken","8世紀の日本の歴史の年代記である日本書紀によると、有力な高位の大臣であった平群真鳥（498年没）は、伝説的な第24代天皇である仁賢天皇（449年～498年）の死後、権力を奪い、国を支配しようとしました。","According to Nihon shoki, an eighth-century chronicle of Japanese history, the powerful, high-ranking minister Heguri no Matori (d. 498) tried to usurp power and reign over the country after the death of Emperor Ninken (449–498), the legendary 24th emperor."]
[8368,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","武烈天皇","ぶれつてんのう","Emperor Buretsu","真鳥は、亡き天皇の幼い息子である将来の武烈天皇（489年～507年）の代理で行動していると主張し、この相続人のために委託された壮大な宮殿に住んでいました。","Matori claimed to be acting on behalf of the late emperor’s young son, the future Emperor Buretsu (489–507), and lived in a grand palace commissioned for the heir."]
[8369,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","影姫","かげひめ","Kagehime","武烈は成長すると、真鳥の息子である平群鮪の秘密の恋人であった影姫に求愛を始めました。","As Buretsu grew up, he began courting Kagehime, a secret lover of Matori’s son Heguri no Shibi."]
[8370,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","平群鮪","へぐりのしび","Heguri no Shibi","武烈は成長すると、真鳥の息子である平群鮪の秘密の恋人であった影姫に求愛を始めました。","As Buretsu grew up, he began courting Kagehime, a secret lover of Matori’s son Heguri no Shibi."]
[8371,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","史跡","松原遺跡製塩遺構","まつばらいせきせいえんいこう","Matsubara salt production site","注目すべきアイテムには、松原遺跡製塩遺構で発見された古代の陶器や、角鹿から平城京（現在の奈良）の首都への塩の供給を示した木製の荷札の内の1つを複製したものなどがあります。","Notable items include ancient pottery found at the Matsubara salt production site and a replica of one of the wooden shipping tags that marked salt supplies from Tsunuga to the capital in Heijokyo (present-day Nara)."]
[8372,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","興道寺","こうどうじ","Kodoji Temple","例えば、興道寺の旧跡から出土した瓦の分析から、この頃に創建されたことが分かります。","For example, analysis of roof tiles excavated at the former site of Kodoji Temple suggests that it was originally constructed around that time."]
[8373,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","若狭神宮寺","わかさじんぐうじ","Wakasa Jinguji Temple","若狭神宮寺は、神道と仏教が融合して信仰された宗教的な場所として、714年に創建されました。","Wakasa Jinguji Temple was founded in 714 as a religious site where Shinto and Buddhism were practiced in a syncretic fusion."]
[8374,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","年中行事","お水送り","おみずおくり","Omizu Okuri","若狭神宮寺は、奈良の東大寺へ聖なる水を象徴的に送るお水送りの儀式が有名で、10日後には東大寺で有名なお水取りの儀式が行われます。","Wakasa Jinguji is known for the Omizu Okuri (“water-sending”) ritual held to symbolically send sacred water to Todaiji Temple in Nara, which holds the famous Omizutori (“water-drawing”) ritual ten days later."]
[8375,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","年中行事","お水取り","おみずとり","Omizutori","若狭神宮寺は、奈良の東大寺へ聖なる水を象徴的に送るお水送りの儀式が有名で、10日後には東大寺で有名なお水取りの儀式が行われます。","Wakasa Jinguji is known for the Omizu Okuri (“water-sending”) ritual held to symbolically send sacred water to Todaiji Temple in Nara, which holds the famous Omizutori (“water-drawing”) ritual ten days later."]
[8376,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","史跡","平城宮","へいじょうきゅう","Heijo Palace","若狭神宮寺の発掘調査で、8世紀の皇居であった平城宮と一致するスタイルの古代の屋根瓦が発見されたことで、奈良とのつながりがさらに強調されました。","The connection to Nara was further highlighted when excavations of the Wakasa Jinguji grounds revealed ancient roof tiles in a style matching those of Heijo Palace, the imperial residence in the eighth century."]
[8377,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","聖武天皇","しょうむてんのう","Emperor Shomu","741年、聖武天皇（701年～756年）は、仏教を広めるため、国の安全を祈るために、各国に国分寺（国から支援を受けた寺）を設立するよう命じました。","In 741, Emperor Shomu (701–756) decreed that each province should establish a kokubunji (a state-sponsored temple) to spread Buddhism and pray for the safety of the country."]
[8378,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","若狭国分寺","わかさこくぶんじ","Wakasa Kokubunji Temple","若狭国分寺は、807年に若狭国でその役目を果たすために建立されました。","Wakasa Kokubunji Temple was built in 807 to fulfill this role in Wakasa Province."]
[8379,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","代官","だいかん","daikan","しかし、荘園の土地は中央政府が課す税の一部を免除されており、通常はその地域に住む代官という代表者を通じて、遠くに居る所有者に管理されていました。","However, shoen lands were exempt from some of the taxes imposed by the central government and were managed by proprietors that were often located in distant places, usually through a daikan representative living in the area. "]
[8380,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","伏見宮","ふしみのみや","Fushimi no Miya","歴史的な記録によれば、京都の東寺や三十三間堂、奈良の東大寺や春日大社、伏見宮家など天皇の家系の者などです。","According to historical records, these included Toji Temple and Sanjusangendo Temple in Kyoto, Todaiji Temple and Kasuga Taisha Shrine in Nara, and members of the emperor’s household, such as the Fushimi no Miya family branch. "]
[8381,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","田楽","でんがく","dengaku","若狭の代表的な例としては、田楽という民謡や、春の祭礼で神々への奉納として行われる王の舞が挙げられます。","Prominent examples in Wakasa are the dengaku folk music and O no Mai ritual dances, which are performed at spring festivals as offerings to the deities.","※「dengaku」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[8382,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","建造物等","西津荘園","にしづしょうえん","Nishizu Estate","鎌倉幕府の創設者である源頼朝（1147年～1199年）からの手紙は、西津荘園を京都の神護寺の所有物として認めるとともに、荘園の管理者たちへ頼朝に逆らってはならないと警告しています。","A letter from Minamoto no Yoritomo (1147–1199), the founder of the Kamakura shogunate, recognizes the Nishizu Estate as property of Kyoto’s Jingoji Temple and warns the administrators of the estate not to defy him."]
[8383,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","建造物等","太良荘園","たらしょうえん","Tara Estate","1つの展示は、京都の東寺に属していた太良荘園に焦点を当てています。","One display focuses on the Tara Estate that belonged to Toji Temple in Kyoto."]
[8384,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","羽賀寺","はがじ","Hagaji Temple","1422年、小浜の羽賀寺は、朝鮮の王朝である高麗（918年～1392年）から来た非常に貴重な経典の1325年の写本であった華麗な法華経を受け取りました。","In 1422, Hagaji Temple in Obama received an ornate Lotus Sutra that was a 1325 copy of a highly treasured sutra from the Korean kingdom of Goryeo (918–1392)."]
[8385,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","法華経","ほけきょう","Lotus Sutra","1422年、小浜の羽賀寺は、朝鮮の王朝である高麗（918年～1392年）から来た非常に貴重な経典の1325年の写本であった華麗な法華経を受け取りました。","In 1422, Hagaji Temple in Obama received an ornate Lotus Sutra that was a 1325 copy of a highly treasured sutra from the Korean kingdom of Goryeo (918–1392)."]
[8386,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","安倍康季","あべやすすえ","Abe Yasusue","東北地方から来た武将の安倍康季が1447年に本堂を再建するための資金を提供したため、羽賀寺は日本国内の交易の繋がりからも恩恵を受けました。","The temple also benefited from trade relationships within Japan, as Abe Yasusue, a lord of the northeastern Tohoku region, provided financing for the reconstruction of the main hall in 1447."]
[8387,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","迦樓羅","かるら","Karura","中国から来た13世紀の仏像は、ヒンドゥー教の伝承から導入された鳥のような守護神である迦樓羅を表しています。","A thirteenth-century Buddhist statue from China depicts Karura, a birdlike protector deity adopted from Hindu lore."]
[8388,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","養方軒パウロ","よほうけんぱうろ","Yohoken Paulo","もう1つの展示品は、イエズス会への改宗者の養方軒パウロと洞院ヴィセンテが日本語に翻訳した、サンクトスのご作業の内抜書（聖人の行動の抜粋）と題されたキリスト教の聖人たちの生活を詳しく説明した教科書の復刻版です。","Another exhibit is a reprinted edition of a text detailing the lives of Christian saints, titled Sanctos no gosagveo no vchi nvqigaqi (Excerpts from the Acts of the Saints), that Jesuit converts Yohoken Paulo and Toin Vicente translated into Japanese."]
[8389,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","洞院ヴィセンテ","とういんゔぃせんて","Toin Vicente","もう1つの展示品は、イエズス会への改宗者の養方軒パウロと洞院ヴィセンテが日本語に翻訳した、サンクトスのご作業の内抜書（聖人の行動の抜粋）と題されたキリスト教の聖人たちの生活を詳しく説明した教科書の復刻版です。","Another exhibit is a reprinted edition of a text detailing the lives of Christian saints, titled Sanctos no gosagveo no vchi nvqigaqi (Excerpts from the Acts of the Saints), that Jesuit converts Yohoken Paulo and Toin Vicente translated into Japanese."]
[8390,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","時代・歴史組織・団体","河村家","かわむらけ","Kawamura family","屏風は最終的に小浜に持ち込まれ、成功した海運業を営んでいた裕福な商人だった河村家が代々所有していました。","The screens were eventually brought to Obama and were owned by generations of the Kawamura family, wealthy merchants who ran a successful shipping business."]
[8391,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","時代・歴史組織・団体","若狭武田家","わかさたけだけ","Wakasa Takeda family","若狭武田家は、15世紀半ばから16世紀後半にかけて若狭国を治めました。","The Wakasa Takeda family ruled Wakasa Province from the mid-fifteenth to the late sixteenth century."]
[8392,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","守護","しゅご","shugo","第6代足利将軍であった足利義教（1394年～1441年）から守護に任命され、16世紀初頭に小浜に後瀬山城を築城するまでは京都から国を治めた。","They were appointed to the position of shugo (provincial governor) by the sixth Ashikaga shogun, Ashikaga Yoshinori (1394–1441), and managed the province from Kyoto until the early sixteenth century, when they built Nochiseyama Castle in Obama."]
[8393,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","後瀬山城","のちせやまじょう","Nochiseyama Castle","第6代足利将軍であった足利義教（1394年～1441年）から守護に任命され、16世紀初頭に小浜に後瀬山城を築城するまでは京都から国を治めた。","They were appointed to the position of shugo (provincial governor) by the sixth Ashikaga shogun, Ashikaga Yoshinori (1394–1441), and managed the province from Kyoto until the early sixteenth century, when they built Nochiseyama Castle in Obama."]
[8394,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","その他","和歌","わか","waka","若狭武田家は、戦略の研究や戦闘の技だけでなく、和歌や連歌という詩などの芸術を支援したことでも知られていました。","The Wakasa Takeda were known for their studies of military strategy and skill in battle, as well as for their support of the arts, such as waka and renga poetry."]
[8395,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","その他","連歌","れんが","renga","若狭武田家は、戦略の研究や戦闘の技だけでなく、和歌や連歌という詩などの芸術を支援したことでも知られていました。","The Wakasa Takeda were known for their studies of military strategy and skill in battle, as well as for their support of the arts, such as waka and renga poetry."]
[8396,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","清和天皇","せいわてんのう","Emperor Seiwa","武田家の本家は、日本の第56代天皇である清和天皇（850年～881年）の子孫であると言われています。","The main branch of the Takeda family claimed descent from Emperor Seiwa (850–881), the 56th emperor of Japan."]
[8397,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","武田信光","たけだのぶみつ","Takeda Nobumitsu","1221年、武田信光（1162年～1248年）が安芸国（現在の広島県西部）の守護に任命され、安芸武田家という分家が誕生しました。","In 1221, Takeda Nobumitsu (1162–1248) was appointed the governor of Aki Province (present-day western Hiroshima Prefecture), which led to the founding of the Aki Takeda branch of the family."]
[8398,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","時代・歴史組織・団体","安芸武田家","あきたけだけ","Aki Takeda family","1221年、武田信光（1162年～1248年）が安芸国（現在の広島県西部）の守護に任命され、安芸武田家という分家が誕生しました。","In 1221, Takeda Nobumitsu (1162–1248) was appointed the governor of Aki Province (present-day western Hiroshima Prefecture), which led to the founding of the Aki Takeda branch of the family."]
[8399,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","武田信栄","たけだのぶひで","Takeda Nobuhide","1440年、将軍・足利義教の命により、安芸武田家の武田信栄（1413年～1440年）は、当時、若狭国の守護として務めていた一色家を討ちました。","In 1440, acting on orders from the shogun Ashikaga Yoshinori, Takeda Nobuhide (1413–1440) of the Aki Takeda defeated the Isshiki family, who were serving as the shugo governors of Wakasa Province at the time."]
[8400,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","時代・歴史組織・団体","一色家","いっしきけ","Isshiki family","1440年、将軍・足利義教の命により、安芸武田家の武田信栄（1413年～1440年）は、当時、若狭国の守護として務めていた一色家を討ちました。","In 1440, acting on orders from the shogun Ashikaga Yoshinori, Takeda Nobuhide (1413–1440) of the Aki Takeda defeated the Isshiki family, who were serving as the shugo governors of Wakasa Province at the time."]
[8401,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","守護代","しゅごだい","shugodai","肩書きにもかかわらず、守護は主に、さまざまな行事に参加でき、宮廷での義務を果たすことができる京都に居住し、地方の統治は代理人（守護代）に任せました。","Despite the title, shugo primarily resided in Kyoto, where they could participate in various functions and fulfill their duties at the court, leaving provincial governance to deputies (shugodai).","※「shugodai」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[8402,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","武田元光","たけだもとみつ","Takeda Motomitsu","1522年、後瀬山に後瀬山城が完成するのに伴い、6代当主であった武田元光（1494年～1551年）が山麓に公邸を構えました。","Along with the completion of Nochiseyama Castle on Mt. Nochiseyama in 1522, the sixth family head Takeda Motomitsu (1494–1551) established an official residence at the base of the mountain."]
[8403,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","山岳","後瀬山","のちせやま","Mt. Nochiseyama","1522年、後瀬山に後瀬山城が完成するのに伴い、6代当主であった武田元光（1494年～1551年）が山麓に公邸を構えました。","Along with the completion of Nochiseyama Castle on Mt. Nochiseyama in 1522, the sixth family head Takeda Motomitsu (1494–1551) established an official residence at the base of the mountain."]
[8404,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","武田元明","たけだもとあき","Takeda Motoaki","その結果、九代当主であった武田元明（1552年～1582年）が朝倉家に拘留されました。","As a result, the ninth family head Takeda Motoaki (1552–1582) was taken into Asakura custody."]
[8405,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","時代・歴史組織・団体","朝倉家","あさくらけ","Asakura family","その結果、九代当主であった武田元明（1552年～1582年）が朝倉家に拘留されました。","As a result, the ninth family head Takeda Motoaki (1552–1582) was taken into Asakura custody."]
[8406,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","その他","犬追物","いぬおうもの","inuomono","若狭武田家は、なまくらの矢で場内の中を走る犬を撃つことなどを含む武道の訓練の一種である、犬追物の稽古を継承したことで知られていました。","The Wakasa Takeda were known for passing down a type of martial training called inuomono, which involved shooting blunted arrows at dogs running in an arena."]
[8407,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","社会","花押","かおう","kao","1528年に明通寺に送られた武田元光の花押の入った文書は、寺院の特定の税を免除し、外部の者が境内の木材を伐採することや宿泊のために寺院の建物を徴用することを禁止しています。","A document bearing the kao (stylized signature) of Takeda Motomitsu, sent to Myotsuji Temple in 1528, exempts the temple from certain taxes and prohibits outsiders from cutting trees on the grounds and requisitioning temple buildings for lodgings."]
[8408,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","明通寺","みょうつうじ","Myotsuji Temple","1528年に明通寺に送られた武田元光の花押の入った文書は、寺院の特定の税を免除し、外部の者が境内の木材を伐採することや宿泊のために寺院の建物を徴用することを禁止しています。","A document bearing the kao (stylized signature) of Takeda Motomitsu, sent to Myotsuji Temple in 1528, exempts the temple from certain taxes and prohibits outsiders from cutting trees on the grounds and requisitioning temple buildings for lodgings."]
[8409,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","集落・街","熊川宿","くまがわじゅく","Kumagawa-juku","交易と税を統制し、新しい法律を導入し、熊川宿という宿場町や小浜の港町のような場所を、繁栄した交易の中心地へ成長させるのを助けるプロジェクトを実施しました。","They regulated trade and taxes, introduced new laws, and implemented projects that helped places like Kumagawa-juku post town and the port town of Obama grow into prosperous centers of trade."]
[8410,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","集落・街","九里半街道","くりはんかいどう","Kurihan Kaido","その結果、熊川宿と琵琶湖沿いにある今津港を結ぶ主要ルートであった九里半街道など周辺道路の交通量が大きく増加しました。","As a result, traffic significantly increased on surrounding roads, such as the Kurihan Kaido, a major route between Kumagawa-juku and the port of Imazu on Lake Biwa."]
[8411,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","工芸・美術","ルソン陶器","るそんとうき","Luzon pottery","中には、政府に代わって特定の商品を再販し利益を得ることを許可された者もいて、商品の顕著な例としては、フィリピンからのルソン陶器や秀吉が年貢として徴収した米などがありました。","Some of them were permitted to resell certain goods on behalf of the government at a profit, notable examples being Luzon pottery from the Philippines and rice collected by Hideyoshi as annual tribute."]
[8412,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","京極高次","きょうごくたかつぐ","Kyogoku Takatsugu","家康は京極高次（1563年～1609年）を小浜藩の初代藩主に任命しました。","He appointed Kyogoku Takatsugu (1563–1609) as the first lord of the newly established Obama domain."]
[8413,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","時代・歴史組織・団体","小浜藩","おばまはん","Obama domain","家康は京極高次（1563年～1609年）を小浜藩の初代藩主に任命しました。","He appointed Kyogoku Takatsugu (1563–1609) as the first lord of the newly established Obama domain."]
[8414,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","小浜城","おばまじょう","Obama Castle","京極は、小さな後瀬山城に取って代わる小浜城の築城を開始し、防御を強化し、新しい城の周りに武家屋敷の地区を造りました。","Kyogoku began construction of Obama Castle to replace the smaller Nochiseyama Castle and improve defenses and built a district for samurai residences around the new castle site."]
[8415,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","工芸・美術","若狭塗","わかさぬり","Wakasa lacquerware","酒井家は、海運交易を監督し、商人の事業を支援し、寺院や神社に資金を提供し、若狭塗などの地域の工芸品の発展を促進しました。","The Sakai family oversaw maritime trade, supported merchant businesses, financed temples and shrines, and promoted the development of regional crafts such as Wakasa lacquerware."]
[8416,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","木下勝俊","きのしたかつとし","Kinoshita Katsutoshi","掛け軸は、適切な行動の規則を概説した1595年の木下勝俊による法令の複製を展示しています。","A hanging scroll exhibits a replica of the decree by Kinoshita Katsutoshi from 1595 that outlined rules for proper behavior."]
[8417,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","京極忠高","きょうごくただたか","Kyogoku Tadataka","息子の京極忠高（1593年～1637年）は1634年に松江藩に移されるまで、小浜藩を統治しその工事を続けました。","His son Kyogoku Tadataka (1593–1637) ruled the Obama domain and continued the projects until 1634, when he was transferred to the Matsue domain."]
[8418,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","お初","おはつ","Ohatsu","1609年に高次が亡くなった後、お初は当時の高貴な女性の慣例に従い、小浜の常高寺で尼となり、常高院と名乗りました。","After Takatsugu died in 1609, Ohatsu followed the tradition of noblewomen at the time and became a nun at Jokoji Temple in Obama under the name Jokoin."]
[8419,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","常高寺","じょうこうじ","Jokoji Temple","1609年に高次が亡くなった後、お初は当時の高貴な女性の慣例に従い、小浜の常高寺で尼となり、常高院と名乗りました。","After Takatsugu died in 1609, Ohatsu followed the tradition of noblewomen at the time and became a nun at Jokoji Temple in Obama under the name Jokoin."]
[8420,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","常高院","じょうこういん","Jokoin","1609年に高次が亡くなった後、お初は当時の高貴な女性の慣例に従い、小浜の常高寺で尼となり、常高院と名乗りました。","After Takatsugu died in 1609, Ohatsu followed the tradition of noblewomen at the time and became a nun at Jokoji Temple in Obama under the name Jokoin."]
[8421,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","書物","お菊物語","おきくものがたり","Okiku monogatari","そのほかの展示には、京極氏系図の複製や、お初の大阪城からの劇的な脱出を描いたページを開いた「お菊物語」の挿絵の複写などがあります。","Other items on display include a replica of the Kyogoku family genealogy and an illustrated copy of Okiku monogatari (The Tale of Kiku), open to the pages that depict the dramatic evacuation of Ohatsu from Osaka Castle."]
[8422,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","酒井忠勝","さかいただかつ","Sakai Tadakatsu","1634年、酒井忠勝が小浜藩の統治者になりました。","In 1634, Sakai Tadakatsu became the ruler of the Obama domain."]
[8423,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","老中","ろうじゅう","roju","徳川家の長年の家臣であり、老中や大老（将軍に次ぐ地位）など、徳川幕府でいくつかの重要な地位を占めていました。","He was a long-time retainer of the Tokugawa family and held several prominent positions in the Tokugawa shogunate, including roju (“elder”) and tairo (“great elder,” a position second only to the shogun).","※「roju」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[8424,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","大老","たいろう","tairo","徳川家の長年の家臣であり、老中や大老（将軍に次ぐ地位）など、徳川幕府でいくつかの重要な地位を占めていました。","He was a long-time retainer of the Tokugawa family and held several prominent positions in the Tokugawa shogunate, including roju (“elder”) and tairo (“great elder,” a position second only to the shogun).","※「tairo」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[8425,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","酒井忠義","さかいただあき","Sakai Tadaaki","第14代、最後の酒井家大名であった酒井忠義（1813年～1873年）は、京都で徳川幕府の代表も務めました。","The 14th and last Sakai daimyo of the domain, Sakai Tadaaki (1813–1873), also served as the representative of the Tokugawa shogunate in Kyoto."]
[8426,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","中川順庵","なかがわじゅんあん","Nakagawa Junan","そのような学者の内の二人が、西洋医学の解剖学の知識を日本に伝え、日本とヨーロッパの文化交流に貢献した、小浜の医師であった中川順庵（1739年～1786年）と杉田玄白（1733年～1817年）です。","Two such scholars were Obama physicians Nakagawa Junan (1739–1786) and Sugita Genpaku (1733–1817), who introduced Western medical knowledge of anatomy to the country."]
[8427,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","杉田玄白","すぎたげんぱく","Sugita Genpaku","そのような学者の内の二人が、西洋医学の解剖学の知識を日本に伝え、日本とヨーロッパの文化交流に貢献した、小浜の医師であった中川順庵（1739年～1786年）と杉田玄白（1733年～1817年）です。","Two such scholars were Obama physicians Nakagawa Junan (1739–1786) and Sugita Genpaku (1733–1817), who introduced Western medical knowledge of anatomy to the country."]
[8428,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","酒井忠直","さかいただなお","Sakai Tadanao","後継者の酒井忠直（1630年～1682年）も同様に学問に熱心で、小浜の町人向けの公開講座を開きました。","His successor, Sakai Tadanao (1630–1682), was similarly enthusiastic about learning and organized open lectures for the Obama townspeople."]
[8429,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","酒井忠用","さかいただもち","Sakai Tadamochi","7代目の酒井小浜藩主であった酒井忠用（1723年～1775年）は位の高い家臣を指導させるため儒学者を招きました。","The seventh Sakai lord of the domain, Sakai Tadamochi (1723–1775), invited a Confucian scholar to instruct high-ranking retainers."]
[8430,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","酒井忠貫","さかいただつら","Sakai Tadatsura","杉田はそれらが非常に有益であると感じ、第9代の酒井氏藩主である酒井忠貫（1752年～1806年）へ、この高価な本を藩のために購入してもらえるよう願い出ました。","Sugita found them highly informative and submitted a request to Sakai Tadatsura (1752–1806), the ninth Sakai lord, to buy the expensive books for the domain."]
[8431,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","書物","解体新書","かいたいしんしょ","Kaitai shinsho","このプロジェクトには他に3人の医師が関わり、翻訳された結果、解体新書と題され、1774年に出版されました。これは、日本で最初の西洋医学書の完全な翻訳でした。","Three other physicians were involved in the project, and the resulting translation, titled Kaitai shinsho (New Text on Anatomy), was published in 1774.","※外来語のタイトルのため、斜体で表記。"]
[8432,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","伴信友","ばんのぶとも","Ban Nobutomo","篭手と兜は、かつて順造館で学んだ小浜藩士であり国学者であった伴信友（1773年～1846年）の所有していた鎧兜から来たものです。","The gauntlets and headgear come from a suit of armor that belonged to Ban Nobutomo (1773–1846), a retainer of the Obama domain and a scholar of Japanese classics who once studied at Junzokan."]
[8433,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","時代・歴史組織・団体","順造館","じゅんぞうかん","Junzokan","篭手と兜は、かつて順造館で学んだ小浜藩士であり国学者であった伴信友（1773年～1846年）の所有していた鎧兜から来たものです。","The gauntlets and headgear come from a suit of armor that belonged to Ban Nobutomo (1773–1846), a retainer of the Obama domain and a scholar of Japanese classics who once studied at Junzokan."]
[8434,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","社会","寺子屋","てらこや","terakoya","江戸時代には、若狭と越前には他のいくつかの藩営校と500を超えるお寺が運営する寺子屋という学校が建てられました。","Several other domain-run schools and over 500 terakoya schools managed by Buddhist temples were built in Wakasa and Echizen during the Edo period."]
[8435,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","小田野直武","おだのなおたけ","Odano Naotake","あるポスターでは、オランダの本にある挿絵と、洋画家小田野直武（1749年～1780年）が解体新書のために新たに描いた挿絵を比較しています。","A poster compares the illustrations found in the Dutch book with the new renditions made for Kaitai shinsho by the Western-style painter Odano Naotake (1749–1780)."]
[8436,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","書物","形影夜話","けいえいやわ","Keiei yawa","そのほかの展示品には、1810年に刊行された杉田の医学的回顧録である「形影夜話」や、杉田の弟子である大槻玄沢（1757年～1827年）が編纂したタバコの研究書などがあります。","Other exhibits include Sugita’s memoir on medical science titled Keiei yawa (Talks with My Shadow), which was published in 1810, and a research text on tobacco compiled by Otsuki Gentaku (1757–1827), a student of Sugita."]
[8437,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","大槻玄沢","おおつきげんたく","Otsuki Gentaku","そのほかの展示品には、1810年に刊行された杉田の医学的回顧録である「形影夜話」や、杉田の弟子である大槻玄沢（1757年～1827年）が編纂したタバコの研究書などがあります。","Other exhibits include Sugita’s memoir on medical science titled Keiei yawa (Talks with My Shadow), which was published in 1810, and a research text on tobacco compiled by Otsuki Gentaku (1757–1827), a student of Sugita."]
[8438,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","乗物","北前船","きたまえぶね","kitamaebune","若狭地方では、いま一般的に北前船と呼ばれている船は、千石船、大廻り、弁才船と呼ばれていました。","In the Wakasa region, the ships now commonly referred to as kitamaebune were called sengokubune, omawari, and bezaisen.","※「kitamaebune」は現状一般名詞ではないので\n斜体で表記。"]
[8439,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","乗物","千石船","せんごくぶね","sengokubune","若狭地方では、いま一般的に北前船と呼ばれている船は、千石船、大廻り、弁才船と呼ばれていました。","In the Wakasa region, the ships now commonly referred to as kitamaebune were called sengokubune, omawari, and bezaisen.","※「sengokubune」は現状一般名詞ではないので\n斜体で表記。"]
[8440,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","乗物","大廻り","おおまわり","omawari","若狭地方では、いま一般的に北前船と呼ばれている船は、千石船、大廻り、弁才船と呼ばれていました。","In the Wakasa region, the ships now commonly referred to as kitamaebune were called sengokubune, omawari, and bezaisen."]
[8441,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","乗物","弁才船","べざいせん","bezaisen","若狭地方では、いま一般的に北前船と呼ばれている船は、千石船、大廻り、弁才船と呼ばれていました。","In the Wakasa region, the ships now commonly referred to as kitamaebune were called sengokubune, omawari, and bezaisen.","※「bezaisen」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[8442,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","船玉","ふなだま","Funadama","特別に製作された船の模型は、海の安全を授けると信じられていた守護神である船玉の霊の神聖な器と見なされていました。","Specially crafted models of ships were regarded as sacred vessels for the spirit of Funadama, a guardian deity believed to grant safety at sea."]
[8443,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","鯱","しゃちほこ","shachihoko","頭が虎で体が魚という想像上の生き物である鯱の大きな若狭瓦の像と、3羽の雛と雌鶏の若狭瑪瑙の彫刻は、北前船が交易していた時代にこの地域から出荷された商品の例です。","The large Wakasa tile figure of a shachihoko, a mythical creature with the head of a tiger and the body of a fish, and Wakasa agate carvings of a hen with three chicks exemplify some of the goods that were shipped from the region during the kitamaebune trade period."]
[8444,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","建造物等","若狭瓦","わかさがわら","Wakasa tile","頭が虎で体が魚という想像上の生き物である鯱の大きな若狭瓦の像と、3羽の雛と雌鶏の若狭瑪瑙の彫刻は、北前船が交易していた時代にこの地域から出荷された商品の例です。","The large Wakasa tile figure of a shachihoko, a mythical creature with the head of a tiger and the body of a fish, and Wakasa agate carvings of a hen with three chicks exemplify some of the goods that were shipped from the region during the kitamaebune trade period."]
[8445,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","工芸・美術","若狭瑪瑙","わかさめのう","Wakasa agate","頭が虎で体が魚という想像上の生き物である鯱の大きな若狭瓦の像と、3羽の雛と雌鶏の若狭瑪瑙の彫刻は、北前船が交易していた時代にこの地域から出荷された商品の例です。","The large Wakasa tile figure of a shachihoko, a mythical creature with the head of a tiger and the body of a fish, and Wakasa agate carvings of a hen with three chicks exemplify some of the goods that were shipped from the region during the kitamaebune trade period."]
[8446,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","史跡","蓬嶋楼","ほうとうろう","Hotoro","蓬嶋楼は、かつては三丁町で最大級の高級レストランであり娯楽施設（料亭）でした。","Hotoro was once one of the largest luxury restaurants and entertainment establishments (ryotei) in the Sanchomachi area."]
[8447,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","食","料亭","りょうてい","ryotei","蓬嶋楼は、かつては三丁町で最大級の高級レストランであり娯楽施設（料亭）でした。","Hotoro was once one of the largest luxury restaurants and entertainment establishments (ryotei) in the Sanchomachi area.","※「ryotei」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[8448,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","集落・街","三丁町","さんちょうまち","Sanchomachi","蓬嶋楼は、かつては三丁町で最大級の高級レストランであり娯楽施設（料亭）でした。","Hotoro was once one of the largest luxury restaurants and entertainment establishments (ryotei) in the Sanchomachi area."]
[8449,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","神棚","かみだな","kamidana","入り口に面した床の間には、商業と農業の神である稲荷をまつる小さな神社があり、一番左の部屋にはその家族の家庭のための祭壇（神棚）があります。","This part of the building contains two Shinto altars: in an alcove facing the entrance is a small shrine dedicated to Inari, a deity of commerce and agriculture, and in the far-left room is the family’s household altar (kamidana).","※「kamidana」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[8450,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","工芸・美術","福助","ふくすけ","Fukusuke","その棚の1つには、商業的成功と幸運をもたらすと考えられている、福助と呼ばれる伝統的な人形がいくつか飾られています。","One of the shelves displays several traditional dolls called Fukusuke that are thought to bring commercial success and good fortune."]
[8451,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","巌谷一六","いわやいちろく","Iwaya Ichiroku","「三日月」モチーフの近くには、現代書道の発展に貢献した影響力のある芸術家、巌谷一六（1834年～1905年）による2つの書道作品が掛かっています。","Near the “crescent moon” motif hang two calligraphy pieces by Iwaya Ichiroku (1834–1905), an influential artist who contributed to the development of modern calligraphy."]
[8452,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","龍草蘆","たつそうろ","Tatsu Soro","金箔で覆われた板には、中国古典の作品で知られる儒学者であり詩人である龍草蘆(1714年～1792年)の書があります。","The gilded panels display calligraphy by Tatsu Soro (1714–1792), a Confucian scholar and poet known for his works in classical Chinese."]
[8453,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","植物","トチ","とち","Japanese horse chestnut","中央の大きなテーブルはトチの一枚板にナラ材で縁取りされております。","The large table in the center was made from a single piece of Japanese horse chestnut and is trimmed with oak."]
[8454,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","工芸・美術","飲中八仙図","いんちゅうはっせんず","Inchu hassen-zu","芸術作品の1つは、明治時代（1868年～1912年）の「飲中八仙図」と題された絵画です。","One is a painting from the Meiji period (1868–1912) titled Inchu hassen-zu (Eight Immortals of the Wine Cup)."]
[8455,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","杜甫","とほ","Du Fu","このシーンは、影響力のある中国の詩人、杜甫（712年～770年）の詩に基づいており、酒を愛する8人の唐王朝の学者のグループを描いています。","The scene is based on a poem by the influential Chinese poet Du Fu (712–770) that describes a group of eight Tang-dynasty scholars with a love of alcoholic beverages."]
[8456,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","曹操","そうそう","Cao Cao","反対側の壁の書道は、208年の重要な赤壁の戦いの直前に中国北部の将軍、曹操（155年～220年）が口にしたと言われる詩を表しています。","Calligraphy on the opposite wall presents a poem said to have been recited by the northern Chinese general Cao Cao (155–220) just before the momentous Battle of Red Cliffs in 208."]
[8457,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","社会","赤壁の戦い","せきへきのたたかい","Battle of Red Cliffs","反対側の壁の書道は、208年の重要な赤壁の戦いの直前に中国北部の将軍、曹操（155年～220年）が口にしたと言われる詩を表しています。","Calligraphy on the opposite wall presents a poem said to have been recited by the northern Chinese general Cao Cao (155–220) just before the momentous Battle of Red Cliffs in 208."]
[8458,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","金比羅権現","こんぴらごんげん","Konpira Gongen","池の向こう側には、海運にまつわる神である金比羅権現をまつる祠があります。","On the far side of the pond is a small shrine dedicated to Konpira Gongen, a deity related to seafaring."]
[8459,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","集落・街","西組","にしぐみ","Nishigumi district","西組の特徴的な街並みは、京都と海を結ぶ港町として栄えた小浜の長い歴史を反映しています。","The distinctive townscape of the Nishigumi district reflects Obama’s long history as a thriving port town that connected Kyoto to the sea."]
[8460,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","博物館・美術館","小浜町並み保存館","おばままちなみほぞんかん","Obama Traditional Townscape Preservation Center","地域全体の保全活動を支援するため、1997年に小浜町並み保存館は修復された町家の中に開設されました。","To support preservation efforts throughout the area, the Obama Traditional Townscape Preservation Center was opened in a restored machiya townhouse in 1997."]
[8461,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","郷土景観","町屋","まちや","machiya townhouse","地域全体の保全活動を支援するため、1997年に小浜町並み保存館は修復された町家の中に開設されました。","To support preservation efforts throughout the area, the Obama Traditional Townscape Preservation Center was opened in a restored machiya townhouse in 1997."]
[8462,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","史跡","与七の碑","よしちのひ","Yoshichi Stone Monument","与七の碑","Yoshichi Stone Monument"]
[8463,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","与七","よしち","Yoshichi","与七は約300年前に妻と一緒に熊川宿に住んでいました。","Yoshichi lived in Kumagawa-juku with his wife approximately three hundred years ago."]
[8464,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","西山稲荷神社","にしやまいなりじんじゃ","Nishiyama Inari Jinja Shrine","歴史ある熊川宿という宿場町の下ノ町の入口近くの山の斜面にある朱色の鳥居は、西山稲荷神社への道を示しています。","The vermilion torii gates on the mountain slope near the Shimoncho entrance to the historic Kumagawa-juku post town mark the path toward Nishiyama Inari Jinja Shrine."]
[8465,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","稲荷","いなり","Inari","斜面のさらに上にあるその小さな神社は、農業と商業の神である稲荷を祀っています。","The small shrine located further up the slope is dedicated to Inari, a deity of agriculture and commerce."]
[8466,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","年中行事","お火焚き","おひたき","ohitaki","伏見稲荷大社と同じように、西山稲荷では、毎年秋に人々の祈りが書かれた木の棒を聖なる火で燃やす「お火焚き」という儀式が行われます。","Just like Fushimi Inari Taisha, each autumn Nishiyama Inari Shrine holds an ohitaki ritual in which wooden sticks with people’s prayers written on them are burned in a sacred fire.","※「ohitaki」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[8467,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","建造物等","桝形","ますがた","masugata","桝形と呼ばれる同様の構造は、侵入者を減速させために、全国の城下町で使用されました。","Similar constructs called masugata (literally “box shape”) were used in castle towns throughout the country to slow down potential invaders."]
[8468,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","建造物等","まがり","まがり","Magari","他の地域では、桝形はよく町の入口に造られましたが、熊川宿のまがりは、より中心的な場所にあります。","In other areas, masugata were often built at town entrances, but the Magari of Kumagawa-juku is in a more central location."]
[8469,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","集落・街","若狭街道","わかさかいどう","Wakasa Kaido","税の季節の間、藩中の村から来た米の俵が若狭街道という道と北川を経由して熊川宿に送られました。","The rice from villages across the domain was sent to Kumagawa-juku via the Wakasa Kaido road and the Kita River."]
[8470,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","松木神社","まつのきじんじゃ","Matsunoki Jinja Shrine","1933年、この土地には、村の指導者だった松木庄左衛門（1625年～1652年）を祀る松木神社が設立されました。","Matsunoki Jinja Shrine was founded on the site in 1933 to honor the village leader Matsunoki Shozaemon (1625–1652)."]
[8471,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","松木庄左衛門","まつのきしょうざえもん","Matsunoki Shozaemon","1933年、この土地には、村の指導者だった松木庄左衛門（1625年～1652年）を祀る松木神社が設立されました。","Matsunoki Jinja Shrine was founded on the site in 1933 to honor the village leader Matsunoki Shozaemon (1625–1652)."]
[8472,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","河川・渓谷","日笠川","ひかさがわ","Hikasa River","長年の過程で重要人物であった松木は、1648年に逮捕され、1652年に日笠川の岸で磔になり、28歳で命を落としました。","Matsunoki, who had been a key figure in the years-long process, was arrested in 1648 and crucified on the bank of the Hikasa River in 1652, losing his life at the age of 28."]
[8473,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","史跡","御蔵屋敷","おくらやしき","Obama domain rice storehouses","神社は、かつて小浜藩の御蔵屋敷があった土地にあります。","It is located on the land where the official Obama domain rice storehouses once stood."]
[8474,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","河川・渓谷","前川","まえがわ","Maegawa channel","熊川宿の端から端まで流れている、前川と呼ばれる舗装された水路は、17世紀初頭に、小さな村を宿場町へと発展させるための公的な取り組みの一環として造られました。","The stone-paved channel called Maegawa that runs the entire length of Kumagawa-juku was built in the early seventeenth century as part of the official effort to develop the small village into a post town."]
[8475,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","建造物等","かわと","かわと","kawato","カワトと呼ばれる、水位のすぐ上にある台を備えた石段が、水路に沿って点々と設けられており、衣服や野菜を洗うなどの毎日の仕事を簡単にできるようにしました。","Stone steps with a platform just above the water level, called kawato, were built intermittently along the channel to provide easier access for everyday tasks such as washing clothes or vegetables."]
[8476,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","その他","芋洗い","いもあらい","imoarai","前川のもう1つの用途は、ジャガイモの皮を剥くための水車をベースにした装置である芋洗いでした。","Another use of the Maegawa was for imoarai, waterwheel-based devices for peeling potatoes."]
[8477,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","集落・街","菱屋","ひしや","Hishiya","菱屋の19世紀後半の建築は、国の重要伝統的建造物群保存地区に選定された熊川宿の町並みの、注目すべき要素です。","The late nineteenth-century architecture of Hishiya is a notable element of the townscape of Kumagawa-juku, which is a nationally designated Important Preservation District for Groups of Traditional Buildings."]
[8478,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","集落・街","重要伝統的建造物群保存地区","じゅうようでんとうてきけんぞうぶつぐんほぞんちく","Important Preservation District for Groups of Traditional Buildings","菱屋の19世紀後半の建築は、国の重要伝統的建造物群保存地区に選定された熊川宿の町並みの、注目すべき要素です。","The late nineteenth-century architecture of Hishiya is a notable element of the townscape of Kumagawa-juku, which is a nationally designated Important Preservation District for Groups of Traditional Buildings."]
[8479,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","社会","陣屋","じんや","jinya","当時、この施設は陣屋に分類され、行政の本部、蔵、最も位の高い地方行政官の邸宅が含まれていました。","At that time, the compound was classified as a jinya and encompassed administrative headquarters, storehouses, and the residence of the highest-ranking local government official."]
[8480,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","社会","奉行所","ぶぎょうしょ","bugyosho","酒井忠勝（1587年～1662年）が1634年に藩主に任命された後、陣屋は奉行所になり、その権限はより広い範囲の民事を取り扱うように拡大されました。","After Sakai Tadakatsu (1587–1662) was appointed the lord of the domain in 1634, the jinya became a bugyosho (magistrate’s office) and its authority was expanded to cover a wider scope of civil affairs.","※「bugyosho」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[8481,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","動物","源氏蛍","げんじぼたる","Genji firefly","現在、敷地内には葛から高品質のでんぷんを製造する伝統的な加工工場と、珍しい源氏蛍（ゲンジボタル）のための水で満たされた小さな生息地があります。","At present, the site contains a traditional processing plant making high-quality starch from kudzu (Japanese arrowroot; Pueraria montana var. lobata) and a small water-filled habitat for the rare Genji firefly (Luciola cruciata)."]
[8482,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","熊川城","くまがわじょう","Kumagawa Castle","最も奥の端には、山腹の絶景ポイントを過ぎて熊川城跡へと続くハイキングコースへの入口があります。","At the far end is an entrance to a hiking trail that leads past scenic viewing points on the mountainside to the remains of Kumagawa Castle."]
[8483,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","建造物等","長屋","ながや","nagaya","この狭い路地は、かつて兵舎として使われていた長屋と呼ばれる平屋建ての建物に通じていました。","This narrow alleyway once led to a single-story building called a nagaya (“longhouse”), which served as military barracks.","※「nagaya」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[8484,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","足軽","あしがる","ashigaru","そこには、町奉行の部下であった足軽という位の低い歩兵が最大16人住んでいました。","It housed up to 16 ashigaru, low-ranking foot soldiers who reported to the town magistrate."]
[8485,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","集落・街","長屋道","ながやみち","Nagayamichi","時が経つにつれ、兵舎に通じる道は長屋道として知られるようになりました。","Over time, the path leading to the barracks came to be known as the Nagayamichi, or “road to the nagaya.”"]
[8486,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","逸見勘兵衛","へんみかんべえ","Henmi Kanbei","かつて熊川の初代の長であった逸見勘兵衛（1842年〜1909年）の邸宅でした。","It was the home of Henmi Kanbei (1842–1909), the first mayor of Kumagawa."]
[8487,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","史跡","旧逸見勘兵衛家","きゅうへんみかんべえけ","former residence of Henmi Kanbei","旧逸見勘兵衛家","Former residence of Henmi Kanbei"]
[8488,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","時代・歴史組織・団体","沼田家","ぬまたけ","Numata family","熊川城は、16世紀に沼田家によって建てられたと言われていますが、正確な築城日は不明です。","Kumagawa Castle was built sometime in the sixteenth century by the Numata family, but the exact dates of construction are unknown."]
[8489,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","時代・歴史組織・団体","沼田光兼","ぬまたみつかね","Numata Mitsukane","1569年、熊川城の城主が沼田光兼であった時、熊川城は隣の城の城主であった松宮清永に攻撃され占領されました。","In 1569, when Numata Mitsukane was the lord of Kumagawa Castle, it was attacked and captured by Matsumiya Kiyonaga, the lord of a neighboring castle."]
[8490,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","松宮清永","まつみやきよなが","Matsumiya Kiyonaga","1569年、熊川城の城主が沼田光兼であった時、熊川城は隣の城の城主であった松宮清永に攻撃され占領されました。","In 1569, when Numata Mitsukane was the lord of Kumagawa Castle, it was attacked and captured by Matsumiya Kiyonaga, the lord of a neighboring castle."]
[8491,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","麝香","じゃこう","Jako","娘の麝香（1544年～1618年）は後に、著名な将軍であり著名な作家でもあった細川藤考（細川幽斎としても知られる1534年～1610年）と結婚しました。","His daughter Jako (1544–1618) would later marry Hosokawa Fujitaka (also known as Hosokawa Yusai, 1534–1610), a prominent general and an accomplished writer."]
[8492,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","細川藤考（細川幽斎）","ほそかわふじたか\r\n（ほそかわゆうさい）","Hosokawa Fujitaka (Hosokawa Yusai)","娘の麝香（1544年～1618年）は後に、著名な将軍であり著名な作家でもあった細川藤考（細川幽斎としても知られる1534年～1610年）と結婚しました。","His daughter Jako (1544–1618) would later marry Hosokawa Fujitaka (also known as Hosokawa Yusai, 1534–1610), a prominent general and an accomplished writer."]
[8493,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・協会","白石神社","しらいしじんじゃ","Shiraishi Jinja Shrine","熊川奉行所の跡地や白石神社の裏手からの短い小道の途中にある展望スポットからは、熊川城から見えたかもしれない眺めを見ることができます。","The observation points along the short trail that runs behind the former site of the Kumagawa-juku magistrate’s office and Shiraishi Jinja Shrine provide an idea of what the view from Kumagawa Castle may have been like."]
[8494,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","史跡","熊川番所","くまがわばんしょ","Kumagawa Guardhouse","熊川番所は、熊川宿という宿場町を通過する旅行者を監視するために、小浜藩の藩主であった酒井忠勝（1587年～1662年）によって寛永時代（1624年～1644年）に建てられました。","The Kumagawa Guardhouse was built during the Kan’ei era (1624–1644) by Sakai Tadakatsu (1587–1662), the lord of the Obama domain, to monitor travelers passing through Kumagawa-juku post town."]
[8495,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","工芸・美術","刺股","さすまた","sasumata","これらには、刺股（容疑者を固定するために使用されるU字型に分岐した先端を備えた棒）、突棒（ころばせたり、押したり引いたりするために使用されるT字型の先端を備えた棒）、そして袖搦（衣服を引っ掛けるために先端に鉄のとげが付いた棒）が含まれます。","These include a sasumata (a pole with a U-shaped fork used to pin suspects in place), a tsukubo (a pole with a T-shaped end used to trip, push, or pull), and a sodegarami (a pole with iron spikes on the end to snag clothing)."]
[8496,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","工芸・美術","突棒","つくぼう","tsukubo","これらには、刺股（容疑者を固定するために使用されるU字型に分岐した先端を備えた棒）、突棒（ころばせたり、押したり引いたりするために使用されるT字型の先端を備えた棒）、そして袖搦（衣服を引っ掛けるために先端に鉄のとげが付いた棒）が含まれます。","These include a sasumata (a pole with a U-shaped fork used to pin suspects in place), a tsukubo (a pole with a T-shaped end used to trip, push, or pull), and a sodegarami (a pole with iron spikes on the end to snag clothing)."]
[8497,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","工芸・美術","袖搦","そでがらみ","sodegarami","これらには、刺股（容疑者を固定するために使用されるU字型に分岐した先端を備えた棒）、突棒（ころばせたり、押したり引いたりするために使用されるT字型の先端を備えた棒）、そして袖搦（衣服を引っ掛けるために先端に鉄のとげが付いた棒）が含まれます。","These include a sasumata (a pole with a U-shaped fork used to pin suspects in place), a tsukubo (a pole with a T-shaped end used to trip, push, or pull), and a sodegarami (a pole with iron spikes on the end to snag clothing)."]
[8498,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","集落・街","上ノ町","かみんちょ","Kamincho","町は上ノ町、中ノ町、下ノ町の3つのエリアに分かれています。","The town is divided into three areas: Kamincho, Nakancho, and Shimoncho."]
[8499,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","集落・街","中ノ町","なかんちょ","Nakancho","町は上ノ町、中ノ町、下ノ町の3つのエリアに分かれています。","The town is divided into three areas: Kamincho, Nakancho, and Shimoncho."]
[8500,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","集落・街","下ノ町","しもんちょ","Shimoncho","町は上ノ町、中ノ町、下ノ町の3つのエリアに分かれています。","The town is divided into three areas: Kamincho, Nakancho, and Shimoncho."]
[8501,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","史跡","熊川村役場","くまがわむらやくば","Kumagawa Village Office","この建物は元々1940年に建てられ、熊川村役場として使われていました。","The building was originally constructed in 1940 and served as the Kumagawa Village Office."]
[8502,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","博物館・美術館","熊川宿資料館（宿場館）","くまがわじゅくしりょうかん（しゅくばかん）","Kumagawa-juku Museum (Shukubakan)","ここは後に、保存資料やパネル展示など、町の歴史や運送の中心地としての役割に関連するさまざまなアイテムが展示される、熊川宿博物館（宿場館）となりました。","At present, it houses the Kumagawa-juku Museum (Shukubakan), which exhibits archive documents, panel displays, and various items related to the town’s history and its role as a shipping hub."]
[8503,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","史跡","与七休憩所","よしちきゅうけいじょ","Yoshichi Rest Area","与七休憩所","Yoshichi Rest Area"]
[8504,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","権現神社","ごんげんじんじゃ","Gongen Jinja Shrine","番所の近くには、火や洪水から身を守ると言われる神が祀られた権現神社の元の場所があります。","Near the guardhouse is the original location of Gongen Jinja Shrine, where a deity said to protect against fire and floods was worshipped."]
[8505,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","時代・歴史組織・団体","倉見屋","くらみや","Kuramiya","通りには、運搬人の事業所、商店、宿泊施設、そして商品の輸送を専門とする菱屋や倉見屋などの繁栄した卸売業者が並んでいました。","The streets were lined with porter stations, shops, lodging facilities, and prosperous wholesalers such as Hishiya and Kuramiya, both of which specialized in the transportation of goods."]
[8506,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","覚成寺","かくじょうじ","Kakujoji Temple","中ノ町には、覚成寺、得法寺、松木神社、白石神社など、いくつかの信仰の場があります。","There are several places of worship in the Nakancho area, such as Kakujoji Temple, Tokuhoji Temple, Matsunoki Jinja Shrine, and Shiraishi Jinja Shrine."]
[8507,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","集落・街","御蔵道","おくらみち","Okuramichi","近くの北川からこの蔵まで米を運ぶために、御蔵道として知られる主要な道から続く小道が使われました。","A path leading from the main road, known as the Okuramichi, was used to carry shipments of rice from the nearby Kita River to the storehouses."]
[8508,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","村田寅吉","むらたとらきち","Murata Torakichi","下ノ町は、1912年に京都で創業したミシュラン3つ星付きの料亭である菊乃井の創設者の村田寅吉の旧居がある場所です。","Shimoncho is the location of the former residence of Murata Torakichi, who established the three-star Michelin restaurant Kikunoi in Kyoto in 1912."]
[8509,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","食","菊乃井","きくのい","Kikunoi","下ノ町は、1912年に京都で創業したミシュラン3つ星付きの料亭である菊乃井の創設者の村田寅吉の旧居がある場所です。","Shimoncho is the location of the former residence of Murata Torakichi, who established the three-star Michelin restaurant Kikunoi in Kyoto in 1912."]
[8510,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","博物館・美術館","村田館","むらたかん","Murata Museum","菊乃井の3代目オーナーである寅吉の孫の助けを借りて、建物は改装され、若狭地域の食文化を紹介する村田館として再生しました。","With the assistance of Torakichi’s grandson, the third-generation owner of Kikunoi, the building was renovated and reopened as the Murata Museum, a place that introduces the food culture of the Wakasa region."]
[8511,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","集落・街","宿場","しゅくば","shukuba","しかし、宿場としての歴史は、正式には16世紀後半まで始まりませんでした。","However, its history as a post town (shukuba) did not officially begin until the late sixteenth century."]
[8512,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","細川マリア","ほそかわまりあ","Hosokawa Maria","キリスト教に改宗したことから、細川マリアとしても知られるようになりました。","Following her conversion to Christianity, she also became known as Hosokawa Maria."]
[8513,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","集落・街","上中","かみなか","Kaminaka","特に上中地域は、そこで見つかった5～6世紀の古墳で有名です。","The Kaminaka area is particularly well known for the fifth- and sixth-century mounds found there."]
[8514,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","河川・渓谷","遠敷川","おにゅうがわ","Onyu River","港町の小浜から京都への最短ルートは、遠敷川沿いの山道で、針畑越えという峠を通過する道でしたが、この道はとても急勾配で、そこを旅するのはかなり難しいことでした。","The shortest way from the port town of Obama to Kyoto was the mountain trail along the Onyu River and through the Harihatagoe Pass, but it was very steep, making the journey quite challenging."]
[8515,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","山岳","針畑越え","はりはたごえ","Harihatagoe Pass","港町の小浜から京都への最短ルートは、遠敷川沿いの山道で、針畑越えという峠を通過する道でしたが、この道はとても急勾配で、そこを旅するのはかなり難しいことでした。","The shortest way from the port town of Obama to Kyoto was the mountain trail along the Onyu River and through the Harihatagoe Pass, but it was very steep, making the journey quite challenging."]
[8516,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","与謝蕪村","よさぶそん","Yosa Buson","有名な歌人の与謝蕪村（1716～1784年）のある俳句に、鯖街道の様子がこう詠まれています。","As a haiku written by the renowned poet Yosa Buson (1716–1784) about the Saba Kaido reads: [...]"]
[8517,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","山岳","保坂峠","ほうざかとうげ","Hozaka Pass","若狭街道は、小浜から熊川宿という宿場町へと延び、山あいにある保坂峠を越えて、南は朽木村に、さらに南へ行くと大原と八瀬を通り、京都北部の出町柳で終わりました。","The Wakasa Kaido ran from Obama to Kumagawa-juku post town, over the Hozaka Pass through the mountains, south to the village of Kutsuki, and further south through Ohara and Yase, ending at Demachiyanagi in northern Kyoto."]
[8518,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","集落・街","朽木","くつき","Kutsuki","若狭街道は、小浜から熊川宿という宿場町へと延び、山あいにある保坂峠を越えて、南は朽木村に、さらに南へ行くと大原と八瀬を通り、京都北部の出町柳で終わりました。","The Wakasa Kaido ran from Obama to Kumagawa-juku post town, over the Hozaka Pass through the mountains, south to the village of Kutsuki, and further south through Ohara and Yase, ending at Demachiyanagi in northern Kyoto."]
[8519,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","集落・街","大原","おおはら","Ohara","若狭街道は、小浜から熊川宿という宿場町へと延び、山あいにある保坂峠を越えて、南は朽木村に、さらに南へ行くと大原と八瀬を通り、京都北部の出町柳で終わりました。","The Wakasa Kaido ran from Obama to Kumagawa-juku post town, over the Hozaka Pass through the mountains, south to the village of Kutsuki, and further south through Ohara and Yase, ending at Demachiyanagi in northern Kyoto."]
[8520,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","集落・街","八瀬","やせ","Yase","若狭街道は、小浜から熊川宿という宿場町へと延び、山あいにある保坂峠を越えて、南は朽木村に、さらに南へ行くと大原と八瀬を通り、京都北部の出町柳で終わりました。","The Wakasa Kaido ran from Obama to Kumagawa-juku post town, over the Hozaka Pass through the mountains, south to the village of Kutsuki, and further south through Ohara and Yase, ending at Demachiyanagi in northern Kyoto."]
[8521,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","集落・街","出町柳","でまちやなぎ","Demachiyanagi","若狭街道は、小浜から熊川宿という宿場町へと延び、山あいにある保坂峠を越えて、南は朽木村に、さらに南へ行くと大原と八瀬を通り、京都北部の出町柳で終わりました。","The Wakasa Kaido ran from Obama to Kumagawa-juku post town, over the Hozaka Pass through the mountains, south to the village of Kutsuki, and further south through Ohara and Yase, ending at Demachiyanagi in northern Kyoto."]
[8522,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","書物","小浜市場仲買文書","おばまいちばなかがいもんじょ","Obama ichiba nakagai monjo","「小浜市場仲買文書」など、江戸時代に若狭街道で行われた輸送や商取引の記録から、当時に行われた旅行の規模を推定することができます。","Records of shipments and business dealings conducted along the Wakasa Kaido in the Edo period, such as the Obama ichiba nakagai monjo (Obama Market Brokerage Archives), make it possible to estimate the scale of travel that occurred at the time.","※外来語のタイトルのため、斜体で表記。"]
[8523,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","松尾寺","まつのおでら","Matsuno’odera Temple","若狭街道のある箇所は、慈悲の菩薩である観音を祀る33の寺院を含む、西日本にある西国三十三所の二つの立ち寄り先である松尾寺と宝厳寺を結ぶのに役立ちました。","A section of the road helped connect Matsuno’odera Temple and Hogonji Temple, two stops along the Saigoku Kannon Pilgrimage route in western Japan that encompasses 33 temples dedicated to Kannon, the bodhisattva of compassion."]
[8524,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","宝厳寺","ほうごんじ","Hogonji Temple","若狭街道のある箇所は、慈悲の菩薩である観音を祀る33の寺院を含む、西日本にある西国三十三所の二つの立ち寄り先である松尾寺と宝厳寺を結ぶのに役立ちました。","A section of the road helped connect Matsuno’odera Temple and Hogonji Temple, two stops along the Saigoku Kannon Pilgrimage route in western Japan that encompasses 33 temples dedicated to Kannon, the bodhisattva of compassion."]
[8525,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","西国三十三所","さいごくさんじゅうさんしょ","Saigoku Kannon Pilgrimage","若狭街道のある箇所は、慈悲の菩薩である観音を祀る33の寺院を含む、西日本にある西国三十三所の二つの立ち寄り先である松尾寺と宝厳寺を結ぶのに役立ちました。","A section of the road helped connect Matsuno’odera Temple and Hogonji Temple, two stops along the Saigoku Kannon Pilgrimage route in western Japan that encompasses 33 temples dedicated to Kannon, the bodhisattva of compassion."]
[8526,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","蓮如","れんにょ","Rennyo","浄土真宗の宗祖である蓮如（1415年～1499年）は、1475年に得法寺の僧侶としばらくの間を過ごし、後に得法寺は浄土真宗に改宗しました。","Rennyo (1415–1499), the leader of the Jodo Shinshu (True Pure Land) school of Buddhism, spent some time with the monks of Tokuhoji Temple in 1475, and the temple was later converted to Jodo Shinshu."]
[8527,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","得法寺","とくほうじ","Tokuhoji Temple","浄土真宗の宗祖である蓮如（1415年～1499年）は、1475年に得法寺の僧侶としばらくの間を過ごし、後に得法寺は浄土真宗に改宗しました。","Rennyo (1415–1499), the leader of the Jodo Shinshu (True Pure Land) school of Buddhism, spent some time with the monks of Tokuhoji Temple in 1475, and the temple was later converted to Jodo Shinshu."]
[8528,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","里村紹巴","さとむらじょうは","Satomura Joha","有名な連歌の詩人の里村紹巴（1525年～1602年）は、1568年に熊川宿に滞在しました。","The renowned renga poet Satomura Joha (1525–1602) stayed in Kumagawa-juku in 1568."]
[8529,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","年中行事","鉄扇踊り","てっせんおどり","Tessen Odori","夏には、京都北部の八瀬や大原で発祥した鉄扇踊りという踊りが、熊川宿で踊られます。","The Tessen Odori dance that originated in the Yase and Ohara villages of northern Kyoto is performed in Kumagawa-juku in the summer."]
[8530,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","食","葛饅頭","くずまんじゅう","kuzu manju","料理では、主にゼラチン状の葛饅頭やもちもちしている葛餅などの伝統的なお菓子や、増粘剤として使われています。","When cooking, it is primarily used to make traditional sweets, such as gelatinous kuzu manju and chewy kuzu mochi, or as a thickening agent."]
[8531,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","食","葛餅","くずもち","kuzu mochi","料理では、主にゼラチン状の葛饅頭やもちもちしている葛餅などの伝統的なお菓子や、増粘剤として使われています。","When cooking, it is primarily used to make traditional sweets, such as gelatinous kuzu manju and chewy kuzu mochi, or as a thickening agent."]
[8532,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","書物","稚狭考","わかさこう","Wakasako","江戸時代（1603年～1867年）に書かれた若狭地方の歴史を記した2冊の書物、「稚狭考」や「若狭群県志」によれば、17世紀に昔の首都であった京都で熊川宿の葛粉が売られていたことが確認されています。","Wakasako and Wakasa gunkenshi, two books written in the Edo period (1603–1867) about the history of the Wakasa region, confirm that starch made in Kumagawa-juku was sold in the old capital of Kyoto in the seventeenth century."]
[8533,"福井県","小浜市・若狭町日本遺産活用推進協議会","書物","若狭群県志","わかさぐんけんし","Wakasa gunkenshi","江戸時代（1603年～1867年）に書かれた若狭地方の歴史を記した2冊の書物、「稚狭考」や「若狭群県志」によれば、17世紀に昔の首都であった京都で熊川宿の葛粉が売られていたことが確認されています。","Wakasako and Wakasa gunkenshi, two books written in the Edo period (1603–1867) about the history of the Wakasa region, confirm that starch made in Kumagawa-juku was sold in the old capital of Kyoto in the seventeenth century."]
[8534,"長野県","松本市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","大天守","だいてんしゅ","the Great Keep ","そのため、せっかく四角い基礎を築いたのに、大天守の基礎の側面は、上に行くほどわずかに内側に曲がっている。","As a result, the stone foundation of the Great Keep curves slightly inward.","※ 「the Great Keep」の「G」と「K」は必ず大文字。"]
[8535,"長野県","松本市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","石落","いしおとし","ishi otoshi","天守閣の下にある石垣に到達した敵を攻撃するために、床に開けた穴のことを「石落」という。","These openings in the floor, called ishi otoshi, allowed defenders to repel enemies who reached the castle’s stone-wall foundation below."]
[8536,"長野県","松本市","高原・湿原・原野","沖積平野","ちゅうせきへいや","composite alluvial fan ","松本城は、女鳥羽川と薄川が形成した沖積平野に建つ。","Matsumoto Castle stands on a composite alluvial fan formed by the Metoba and Susuki Rivers."]
[8537,"長野県","松本市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","狭間","はざま","loophole","正方形の狭間は高さが低いものが多く、これは砲手がしゃがんだ姿勢で射撃していたことを示している。","Many of the square loopholes are placed lower on the wall, indicating that gunners fired from a crouched or kneeling position."]
[8538,"長野県","松本市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","しゃち","しゃち","shachi","「しゃち」もしくは「しゃちほこ」と呼ばれる生物は、虎の頭と魚の体を持つ神話上の生き物である。","The roofs of many castles are adorned with ornamental ridge-end tiles in the shape of creatures called shachi (or shachihoko)."]
[8539,"長野県","松本市","その他","荒削りの石材","あらけずりのせきざい","rough-hewn rock ","城の基礎となる石垣は、近隣の山から切り出した荒削りの石材で造られている。","The stone walls of the castle’s foundation were built using rough-hewn rock taken from nearby mountains."]
[8540,"長野県","松本市","建造物等","下見板","したみいた","weatherboard","大天守の外壁は、上部を露出させ、下部を黒塗りの下見板で覆っている。","On the exterior of the keep, the upper part of the wall has been left exposed, while the lower part is covered by black-lacquered weatherboard."]
[8541,"長野県","松本市","建造物等","懸魚","げぎょ","gegyo","懸魚とは、屋根の破風の外側にある桟瓦を飾る木製の装飾具である。","The bargeboards that run along the outer edges of the castle’s gables are adorned with decorative wooden pendants called gegyo. "]
[8542,"長野県","松本市","その他","銃床","じゅうしょう","buttstock","形を整え、銃床が完成する","The buttstock is carved"]
[8543,"長野県","松本市","その他","大口径の火器","だいこうけいのかき","high-caliber firearm","大友宗麟（1530-1587）は、日本に大口径の火器を導入した人物として知られている。","Ōtomo Sōrin (1530–1587), a daimyo lord and Christian convert from Kyushu, is credited with introducing high-caliber firearms to Japan."]
[8544,"長野県","松本市","その他","軟鉄","なんてつ","malleable iron","堺の火縄銃は、軟鉄製の長い八角形の銃身が特徴である。","Sakai matchlocks are distinguished by long, octagonal barrels made from malleable iron."]
[8545,"長野県","松本市","その他","教本","きょうほん","primer","『雑兵物語』は、17世紀の軍隊の大部分を占めた槍兵、弓兵、鉄砲兵、厩番、運搬係のための教本である。","Zōhyō monogatari (Foot Soldiers’ Tales) is a primer for the pikemen, archers, gunners, grooms, and porters who made up the bulk of seventeenth-century armies."]
[8546,"長野県","松本市","その他","商船隊","しょうせんたい","merchant marine","徳川軍はオランダの商船隊から砲艦と大砲を提供され、籠城戦を展開した。","The Tokugawa forces were backed by Dutch merchant marines, who provided a gunship and cannons to the besieging army."]
[8547,"長野県","松本市","その他","地板","じいた","lock plate","マスケット銃に施される装飾には、銃身や地板の刻印、金・銀・真鍮を象眼した銃床などがある。","Some of the aesthetic flourishes that could be added to a musket include engraved barrels and lock plates, and stocks inlaid with gold, silver, or brass."]
[8548,"長野県","松本市","工芸・美術","青磁","せいじ","celadon ware ","二の丸御殿の発掘調査で、朝鮮半島産の青磁が発見された。","Archaeologists found celadon ware from the Korean Peninsula during the excavation of the Ninomaru Goten."]
[8549,"長野県","松本市","工芸・美術","茶箪笥","ちゃだんす","tea cabinet","当主の母親、淀殿の居室を破り、茶箪笥を壊してしまったという話もある。","According to one account, a cannon ball breached the apartments of Hideyori’s mother, Yododono, and destroyed a tea cabinet as she was using it."]
[8550,"長野県","松本市","建造物等","排水溝","はいすいこう","drainage ditch","御殿を囲むように、幅30センチ、深さ20センチの浅い排水溝があった。","A shallow drainage ditch, 30 centimeters wide and 20 centimeters deep, enclosed the goten buildings."]
[8551,"長野県","松本市","その他","火鉢","ひばち","brazier","鉛製の銃弾は、金型と小さな火鉢を使って作られた。","Lead musket balls were cast from molds using lead ingots melted over small braziers."]
[8552,"長野県","松本市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","柵","さく","palisade","信長は、城の反対側の柵の後ろに鉄砲隊を3列に並べ、武田軍の精鋭騎馬隊を引きつけて砲撃を仕掛けた。","He positioned his gunners in three rows behind palisades on the opposite side of the plain from the castle, then drew the elite Takeda cavalry into a charge."]
[8553,"長野県","松本市","工芸・美術","車輪付砲架","しゃりんつきほうか","wheeled carriage ","この大砲は車輪付きで、軍艦の甲板やヨーロッパの城壁の上を簡単に移動することができた。","The cannon’s wheeled carriage allowed it to be moved easily around the deck of a warship or the battlements of a European castle."]
[8554,"長野県","松本市","社会","寛永","かんえい","kan’ei","1636年、幕府は「寛永」という新しい銅銭を導入し、これが徳川時代（1603-1867）の標準通貨となった。","In 1636, the shogunate introduced a new copper coin called the kan’ei, which became the standard currency of the Tokugawa period (1603–1867)."]
[8555,"長野県","松本市","その他","マス目","ますめ","grid","19×19のマス目に黒と白の石を交互に置いていき、陣地と相手の石を囲んで攻略することを目指す。","Players take turns placing black or white stones on a 19-by-19 grid to surround and capture territory and the opposing player’s stones."]
[8556,"長野県","松本市","工芸・美術","硯","すずり","inkstone","硯は、御殿の行政庁舎で働く書記の人たちが使っていたものと思われる。","The inkstones were likely used by scribes who worked at the castle."]
[8557,"長野県","松本市","時代・歴史組織・団体","県庁","けんちょう","prefectural office","明治維新後、二の丸御殿は一時県庁となったが、1876年に火災で焼失した。","After the Meiji Restoration (1868), the Ninomaru Goten briefly served as a prefectural office, but its buildings were destroyed by fire in 1876."]
[8558,"長野県","松本市","工芸・美術","唐草紋","からくさもん","Chinese-style scrollwork ","唐草紋、渦巻き状の巴と呼ばれる図形、桐の葉、点または円の集まりなど、装飾文様や家紋が刻まれたものもある。","Some of the tiles have decorative patterns, including Chinese-style scrollwork (karakusa), comma-like shapes called tomoe, paulownia leaves (kiri), threeleaf arrowhead plants (omodaka), and clusters of circles or dots (rokusei)."]
[8559,"長野県","松本市","その他","火皿","ひざら","priming pan","火打ち石は、引き金を引くと、火皿の上にある「フリズン」と呼ばれる蝶番のついた鉄板を叩き、火花を発生させて火薬に点火させる。","When the gunner pulled the trigger, the flint struck a hinged steel plate (called a “frizzen”) above the priming pan, creating a spark that ignited the powder."]
[8560,"長野県","松本市","その他","銃口","じゅうこう","muzzle","銃口に火薬を注ぎ、弾丸を入れ、竿で叩いてから銃を水平にして発射する。","The gunner poured gunpowder into the muzzle, added a musket ball or other projectile, tamped the mixture down with a ramrod, then leveled the weapon to fire. "]
[8561,"長野県","松本市","その他","砲術","ほうじゅつ","gunnery technique (hōjutsu)","また、松本城には、伝統的な侍の砲術を保存・伝承する実演チーム「松本城鉄砲隊」がある。","The castle also has its own demonstration team, the Matsumoto Castle Gun Corps, whose members practice traditional samurai gunnery techniques (hōjutsu). "]
[8562,"長野県","松本市","その他","雷管","らいかん","percussion caps ","さらに1世紀後には自己着火式の雷管式が使われるようになった。","A century later, self-igniting percussion caps made those designs obsolete. "]
[8563,"長野県","松本市","神社・寺院・神仏等","僧兵","そうへい","militant Buddhist monk","一向一揆とは、農民、下級武士、僧兵の集まりのことで、大名とは異なる。","The Ikkō-ikki were not daimyos; they were a loose collection of peasants, low-ranking samurai, and militant Buddhist monks who rebelled against daimyo rule."]
[8564,"長野県","松本市","その他","火ばさみ","ひばさみ","serpentine","火ばさみには火のついた火縄が入っており、砲手が引き金を引くとアームが前に飛び出して、火薬を入れた皿に点火する。","The serpentine held a lit match cord; when the gunner pulled the trigger, the arm snapped forward and ignited a pan of priming powder."]
[8565,"長野県","松本市","その他","突き棒","つきぼう","ramrod","火縄銃は前装式である。銃口から火薬を注入し、弾丸を挿入し、突き棒で全体を押さえる。","The gunner poured gunpowder into the mouth of the barrel, inserted a musket ball, and tamped everything down with a ramrod."]
[8566,"長野県","松本市","工芸・美術","指物","さしもの","samurai’s personal field banner (sashimono)","鎧の背中には、幟（指物）を立てるための筒が取り付けられている。","Note the tube affixed to the back of the armor to hold the samurai’s personal field banner (sashimono)."]
[8567,"長野県","松本市","その他","民間信仰","みんかんしんこう","folk religious practice ","二十六夜神信仰は、康長の生まれた地方で盛んだった民間信仰と関係があるのかもしれないという説がある。","The worship of Nijūroku-yashin might be connected to a folk religious practice that was popular in the Kanto region."]
[8568,"長野県","松本市","その他","民権運動家","みんけんうんどうか","activist for popular rights","民権運動家であり、地方新聞の創刊者でもあった市川は、松本城が競売にかけられ、取り壊されるという知らせに悩んでいた。","Ichikawa was an activist for popular rights and the founder of a local newspaper."]
[8569,"長野県","松本市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","要塞","ようさい","defensive fortification","大天守は南東の郭より40年前に建てられ、軍事的な要塞としての性格が強い。","The Great Keep was built 40 years before the Southeast Wing, and the keep is first and foremost a defensive fortification."]
[8570,"長野県","松本市","その他","従者","じゅうしゃ","attendant","下の展示ケースには、砲兵とその従者が使用した箱やケース、ポーチなどの例があります。","The display case below contains examples of boxes, cases, and pouches used by gunners and their attendants. "]
[8571,"長野県","松本市","その他","硝石","しょうせき","saltpeter","燃えやすくするために硝石 で処理されることが多かった。","They were often treated with saltpeter to increase their flammability."]
[8572,"長野県","松本市","建造物等","雨どい","あまどい","rain gutter","これらの門扉は、雨戸を閉めたときに雨水を外部に流すための雨どいを内蔵している。","Their window sills have internal rain gutters to channel rainwater to the outside when the shutters are closed."]
[8573,"長野県","松本市","その他","手榴弾","てりゅうだん","hand grenade","展示ケースには、さまざまな形や大きさの火縄銃の弾や、陶製の手榴弾 （後方にトゲのある弾）などが入っている。","The display case contains musket balls of different shapes and sizes along with other items, including a ceramic hand grenade (the spiked ball at the rear)."]
[8574,"長野県","松本市","その他","榴散弾","りゅうさんだん","shrapnel","初期の手榴弾（右のケースに展示）は、釉薬のかかった陶器の壷に火薬と榴散弾 を詰めたものである。","Early grenades (an example of which is displayed in the case on the right) were essentially glazed ceramic jars filled with gunpowder and shrapnel."]
[8575,"長野県","松本市","その他","火薬入れ","かやくいれ","container of priming powder","『武器皕圖』のこれらの記述は、次のものについて記している：\n（1）火薬と火縄銃の弾をあらかじめセットしておき、素早く装填できるようにした火薬入れと竹筒。\n（2）火薬入れ。\n（3）火縄銃の火皿と主砲を装填する発射室の間にある通気孔を塞ぐための針。","These entries from Buki nihyaku-zu (Illustrations of 200 Weapons) depict\n     1) paper and bamboo hayagō, each of which was loaded with a measured amount of gunpowder and a musket ball for quick reloading;\n     2) a container of priming powder; and\n     3) needles used to clear the vent between a musket’s priming pan and its firing chamber, where the main charge was loaded. "]
[8576,"長野県","松本市","時代・歴史組織・団体","松本玉薬方","まつもとぎょくやくがた","Matsumoto Ammunition Brigade (matsumoto gyokuyaku-gata) ","下の展示ケースには、「松本玉薬方」と書かれた火薬箱など、歩兵が携行した道具が展示されている。","The display case below contains other gear carried by infantry, including a pair of gunpowder chests labeled “Matsumoto Ammunition Brigade” (matsumoto gyokuyaku-gata). ","※「matsumoto gyokuyaku-gata」のローマ字の記載は任意。使う場合は斜体字で表記。"]
[8577,"長野県","松本市","建造物等","舞良戸","まいらど","sliding wooden doors that could be removed","大天守の狭い窓とは対照的に、月見櫓の3面には舞良戸が取り付けられており、この引き戸を取り外すと、本丸と二の丸を一望することができる。","In contrast to the narrow windows of the Great Keep, the Moon-Viewing Tower was fitted with sliding wooden doors on three sides that could be removed to afford a sweeping view of the main bailey and second bailey."]
[8578,"長野県","松本市","その他","運動場","うんどうじょう","athletic field ","その後、大天守は輸入農法の実験場となり、1899年には地元の中学校の運動場となった。","Once these events concluded, the castle’s main bailey was used by a local agricultural association, and in 1900 it became the athletic field for the local middle school."]
[8579,"長野県","松本市","その他","記念品","きねんひん","memento","向井は、故郷である群馬県南東部の館林市から記念品を持参することが許されていた。","Mukai was allowed to bring mementos from her hometown of Tatebayashi, in southeastern Gunma Prefecture."]
[8580,"長野県","松本市","動物","駿馬","しゅんば","peerless horse","彼は厩舎係の者に2頭の駿馬 を連れてこさせ、清正に好きな馬を選んでくださいと言った。","He had his grooms bring in two peerless horses, and he told Kiyomasa to take his pick."]
[8581,"長野県","松本市","人物・人名・役職名","行政官","ぎょうせいかん","municipal official","1871年に行政官に任命され、翌年には地方新聞を創刊した。","In 1871, he was appointed a municipal official, and the following year he founded a local newspaper."]
[8582,"長野県","松本市","神社・寺院・神仏等","檀家","だんか","parishioner","結局、長時は敗れ、その子孫が牡丹を取り戻すことはなかった。しかし、牡丹は檀家の久根下家たちによって永く維持された。","Nagatoki was eventually defeated, and the peonies remained at Tosenji, where they were maintained through the years by a family of temple parishioners named Kuneshita."]
[8583,"長野県","松本市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","平城","ひらじろ","lowland castle","山城は防御しやすいが、兵糧の確保が難しい。平城 は、周囲の農家や工房から兵糧や武具を調達することができる。","Mountain castles were easy to defend but difficult to keep supplied, whereas lowland castles could be easily supplied with food and armaments from the farms and workshops that surrounded them."]
[8584,"長野県","松本市","その他","階級制度","かいきゅうせいど","class structure","厳しい階級制度が廃止され、城は戦乱の時代の遺物とみなされるようになった。","Japan’s rigid class structure was abolished, and castles came to be seen as relics of a war-torn age."]
[8585,"長野県","松本市","建造物等","枡形","ますがた","enclosed square","太鼓門は広場の両端に二つの入口がある。これは米の量を計る枡形にちなんで枡形と呼ばれる。","The Taikomon consists of two gates at opposite ends of an enclosed square. This is called a masugata-style gate, after the square masu boxes used to measure quantities of rice."]
[8586,"長野県","松本市","建造物等","式台","しきだい","shikidai porch","二の丸御殿は、建物の南側にある式台から入ったと思われる。","Visitors to the Ninomaru Goten would have entered through the shikidai porch on the building’s south side."]
[8587,"長野県","松本市","その他","発掘調査","はっくつちょうさ","excavation","1876年に県庁が焼失した際にも蔵は残り、1979年の発掘調査で出土した資料を保管している。","When the prefectural office was destroyed by fire in 1876, the storehouse survived, and today it holds items uncovered during an excavation of the site in 1979."]
[8588,"長野県","松本市","建造物等","擬洋風","ぎようふう","pseudo-Westernism","旧開智学校校舎は、西洋のデザイン要素を日本の伝統建築で再現した「擬洋風」と呼ばれる建築様式で有名である。","The Former Kaichi School Building is known for its architecture, which features Western design elements recreated with traditional Japanese materials and construction techniques. This hybrid of styles is called “pseudo-Westernism” (giyōfū)."]
[8589,"長野県","松本市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","馬出し","うまだし","fortified sally port","総堀の土塁上には14の見張り櫓（平櫓）が立ち、4つの出入口（馬出し）と南の大手門の5つの入り口があった。","Travel to and from the castle compound was done through four fortified sally ports (umadashi) and the Ōtemon Gate in the south."]
[8590,"長野県","松本市","建造物等","はんちく","はんちく","rammed earth ","松本城の土塁は、「はんちく」と呼ばれる土を固める技法でつくられている。","Matsumoto Castle’s earthen embankments were made from rammed earth (hanchiku), which is formed by compacting layers of dirt."]
[8591,"長野県","松本市","その他","人の糞便","ひとのふんべん","human fecal matter","このような甕はトイレ（簡易便所）でよく使われるものだが、甕から採取した土には人の糞便が溜まっていることは分からなかった。","Such jugs were frequently used in privies (simple toilets) to collect waste, but soil samples indicated these jugs never held human fecal matter."]
[8592,"長野県","松本市","庭園・公園","築山","つきやま","artificial hill","崩れないように石が積まれた土塁は、「築山」となり、家庭の庭の風景となった。","Residents lined the earthen mounds with stones to keep them from collapsing, and many became “artificial hills” (tsukiyama), a feature of household landscape gardens."]
[8593,"長野県","松本市","その他","天使","てんし","cherub","また、正面バルコニーには、校名の入った巻物を持った2匹の天使と、その下で正面玄関を守る龍が描かれ、西洋と日本のモチーフが融合した精巧な装飾が施されている。","Fittingly, the elaborate decorations on the front balcony combine Western and Japanese motifs: two cherubs hold a scroll bearing the school’s name, and a dragon guards the front entrance below them.","※和訳には「天使」または「ケルビム」が用いられる。"]
[8594,"長野県","松本市","その他","英学","えいがく","English Language and Culture","また、開智学校は県内で唯一「英学」を主要科目のひとつに掲げていた。","The Kaichi School was also the only school in the prefecture that taught English Language and Culture (eigaku) as one of its core subjects."]
[8595,"長野県","松本市","人物・人名・役職名","権例","ごんれい","prefectural governor","権令の永山盛輝（1826-1902）は教育熱心な人物で、その熱意は松本市民も同じだったようである。","The prefectural governor (gonrei) at the time, Nagayama Moriteru (1826–1902), was an ardent supporter of education, and it seems his enthusiasm was shared by the residents of Matsumoto."]
[8596,"長野県","松本市","建造物等","窓ガラス","まどがらす","pane","しかし、旧開智学校本館と教室棟の窓ガラスには、透明なガラスと装飾用の色ガラスを合わせて約2,600枚が使用された。","Despite this, the main building and the classroom wing of the Former Kaichi School Building have roughly 2,600 pieces of glass, including both clear panes for the windows and decorative, colored fragments of stained glass."]
[8597,"長野県","松本市","建造物等","螺旋階段","らせんかいだん","spiral staircase","螺旋階段は伝統的な建築物にはなく、開智学校の建築家も馴染みがなかった。","Spiral staircases are quite rare in traditional Japanese architecture, and the school’s builders were unfamiliar with them."]
[8598,"長野県","松本市","工芸・美術","木目","もくめ","wood grain","もうひとつ、あまり目立たないが、戸に施された変化も \" 洋風 \" を強調するものだった。それは、塗装で隠れてしまう木目を丁寧に再現することだった。","A second, less obvious change was made to the temple doors to “Westernize” them: because staining was not common in Japan, the doors were instead given a protective coat of paint, which covered the natural wood grain that was characteristic of Western design."]
[8599,"長野県","松本市","建造物等","障子の組子","しょうじのくみこ","wooden lattices of the shoji panels","この紙の使い方は、伝統的な家屋で部屋を仕切る障子の組子を紙で何重にも覆うのに似ている。","This technique resembled the way paper is layered over the wooden lattices of the shoji panels that separate rooms in traditional houses. "]
[8600,"長野県","松本市","工芸・美術","筵","むしろ","woven-bamboo mat","床は2階の講堂と同じ竹で編んだ筵を敷いている。","The room’s floor is now covered with a woven-bamboo mat similar to the one in the second-floor lecture hall."]
[8601,"長野県","松本市","建造物等","板張り","いたばり","wooden planks","塔の天井は、当初は他の部分の天井と同じように紙で作られていたが、1964年の移転に伴い、木製の板張りに変更された。","The tower’s ceiling was originally made from paper, like the ceilings in other parts of the building, but it was resurfaced with wooden planks soon after.","※単数形の場合は、「wooden plank」。"]
[8602,"長野県","松本市","建造物等","唐破風","からはふ","curved gable","ケルビムは唐破風のアーチの中に配置されている。","The cherubs are situated within the arch of a curved gable (karahafu). ","※「karahafu」のローマ字の記載は任意。使う場合は斜体字で表記。"]
[8603,"長野県","松本市","その他","手斧","ちょうな","adze","乾小天守の柱は、手斧で荒々しく仕上げられ、魚の鱗のような独特の模様がある。","The pillars of the Northwest Tower have been roughly finished with an adze, creating a distinctive pattern that resembles fish scales."]
[8604,"長野県","松本市","その他","戦時","せんじ","wartime","1633年、松平家は天守閣を増築し、辰巳附櫓と月見櫓を建てて、平時と戦時の建築様式を併せ持つ城となった。","Between 1633 and 1634, the Matsudaira family expanded the castle by adding the Southeast Wing and the Moon-Viewing Tower, creating a unique combination of peacetime and wartime architecture."]
[8605,"長野県","松本市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","城郭","じょうかく","castle complex","江戸時代（1603〜1867）、日本は何百もの藩に分割され、大名は大きな城郭に住み、地方行政の中心的役割を担っていた。","During the Edo period (1603–1867), Japan was divided into hundreds of such domains, and their daimyos lived in large castle complexes that served as the centers of local government."]
[8606,"長野県","松本市","その他","重要な資源","じゅうようなしげん","crucial resource","正確な地図は、攻め込まれたときの防御策を練るのに役立ち、上級家臣の居住地を記録し、土地争いを解決し、重要な資源の所在を把握するのに役立った。","An accurate map was useful for things like planning how to defend a castle, knowing where one’s high-ranking retainers lived, settling land disputes, and identifying crucial resources such as rivers."]
[8607,"長野県","松本市","人物・人名・役職名","町年寄","まちどしより","alderman","秀政とその後継者である小笠原忠真（1596-1667）は、交通網を大幅に整備し、各村から庄屋と町年寄を選ぶ制度を導入した。","During their appointment, the Toda family had each village in the domain choose a headman and alderman to oversee its affairs."]
[8608,"長野県","松本市","建造物等","桔木","はねぎ","cantilever","乾小天守は最上階に天井がなく、上に見えるのは桔木の内部構造である。","The roofs of the Great Keep and Northwest Tower are held up by a series of cantilevers, which evenly bear the weight of the timber and tiles."]
[8609,"長野県","松本市","その他","密輸業者","みつゆぎょうしゃ","smuggler","鉄砲は、九州の南に位置し、古くから貿易商や密輸業者の中継地であった種子島を経由して日本に入ってきた。","Guns found their way into Japan through Tanegashima, a small island south of Kyushu that had long been a transit point for traders and smugglers."]
[8610,"長野県","松本市","その他","弾","たま","musket ball","この火薬が銃身内の主砲を発火させ、弾 を発射させるのである。","The burning match cord ignites the priming powder, and the priming powder ignites the main charge inside the barrel, expelling the musket ball."]
[8611,"長野県","松本市","その他","カニの目","かにのめ","horizontal pin ","このからくりは、バネの張力を保つために、炙りレバーの先端から「カニの目」と呼ばれる水平のピンを出さず、垂直に立てた板を使用することから、このような名前が付けられた。","The name reflects the fact that this kind of lock uses a vertically mounted plate to keep its springs under tension, rather than a horizontal pin (known as a “crab eye”) that extends from the end of its sear lever."]
[8612,"長野県","松本市","その他","引き金","ひきがね","trigger","外記からくりはカスタマイズが可能で、引き金の硬さ（引き金を引く力）を何段階かに分けて設定することができた。","Geki-karakuri locks were customizable, and the force required to pull the trigger could be set to several different levels."]
[8613,"長野県","松本市","その他","腐敗","ふはい","rot","木造の城にとって、雨は軍隊が攻めてくるのと同じように、湿気は腐敗や構造の劣化につながる。","Because dampness and moisture could lead to rot, rain could be as damaging to a wooden castle as a besieging army."]
[8614,"長野県","松本市","その他","十手","じって","policeman’s cudgel ","また、公然と携帯できる武器として、短刀や短剣、あるいは警察官が使用するフックのついた棍棒「十手」に銃身と発射機構を組み込んだものもあった。","A firearm could instead be hidden in plain sight by incorporating a barrel and firing mechanism into a short sword, a dagger, or a policeman’s cudgel (jitte)."]
[8615,"長野県","松本市","社会","農民一揆","のうみんいっき","peasant revolt","18世紀末から19世紀初頭にかけて、徳川幕府は飢饉、インフレ、農民一揆と戦ってきた。","For much of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the Tokugawa shogunate had contended with famine, inflation, and peasant revolts."]
[8616,"長野県","松本市","紋章等","家紋","かもん","kamon","日本の家紋は歴史的に見ると、「家紋」と呼ばれる紋章で家族のつながりを示してきた。","Historically, Japanese families have shown their familial connections using emblems called kamon."]
[8617,"長野県","松本市","建造物等","縁側","えんがわ","outer veranda","1950年代の修理で、6階の外側が縁側として設計されていた可能性があることが判明した。","During repairs in the 1950s, it was discovered the sixth floor may originally have been designed as a smaller interior space surrounded by an outer veranda."]
[8618,"長野県","松本市","その他","高格の来客","こうかくのらいきゃく","high-ranking visitor","かつてこの場所にあった大手門は、松本城の城主や高格の来客に利用されていた。","The Ōtemon Gate that once stood at this location was used by the lord of Matsumoto Castle and other high-ranking visitors."]
[8619,"長野県","松本市","その他","代々伝わる世襲の名前","だいだいつたわるせしゅうのなまえ","hereditary name passed down through generations","「九郎左衛門」は一個人の名前ではなく、甲賀流忍術の名家である芥川家に代々伝わる世襲の名前である。","“Kurōzaemon” was not the name of a single individual but rather a hereditary name passed down through generations of the Akutagawa family, one of the most notable families in the Kōka-ryū school of ninjutsu."]
[8620,"長野県","松本市","その他","平時","へいじ","peacetime","このように、戦時中と平時の建築様式が混在しているのが、この城の特徴である。","This two-phase building process is reflected in the castle’s unique blend of wartime and peacetime architecture."]
[8621,"長野県","松本市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","山城","やまじろ","mountaintop castle","山城は防御しやすいが、農地や街道から遠く、行政の中心地としては不向きであった。","Mountaintop castles were easy to defend, but they were necessarily far from farmland and main roads."]
[8622,"長野県","松本市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","攻城戦","こうじょうせん","siege","月見櫓の格天井や朱塗りの縁側は、攻城戦に耐えるためではなく、役人をもてなすために作られたものである。","For example, the elegant vaulted ceiling and vermillion-lacquered veranda of the Moon-Viewing Tower would have been a liability during a siege."]
[8623,"長野県","松本市","建造物等","武者窓","むしゃまど","thick-latticed window","東、南、西の各壁には武者窓があり、そこから敵軍を撃退するための屋根付きポジションとなっていた。","The thick-latticed windows on the eastern, southern, and western walls gave defenders covered positions from which to fire down on enemy forces."]
[8624,"長野県","松本市","工芸・美術","すだれ","すだれ","bamboo blind","最も広い部屋は城主の部屋で、現在はすだれで仕切られている。","The largest of these rooms was reserved for the castle’s lord. It is now demarcated by bamboo blinds."]
[8625,"長野県","松本市","神社・寺院・神仏等","祭壇","さいだん","small shrine","屋根の内側には、城の守護神とされる二十六夜神を祀る小さな祭壇がある。","Set atop the perpendicular beams of the roof is a small shrine to a deity called Nijūroku-yashin, who is said to be a guardian of the castle."]
[8626,"長野県","松本市","その他","城の日常生活","しろのにちじょうせいかつ","daily life at the castle","二の丸御殿跡から出土した遺物から、城の日常生活がうかがえる。これらの遺物の一部は、大天守閣の2階に展示されている。","An excavation of the site was carried out between 1979 and 1984, and the objects unearthed there provide a picture of daily life at the castle."]
[8627,"長野県","松本市","その他","介護者","かいごしゃ","caregiver","障がい者手帳をお持ちの方：障がい者1名とその介護者1名が無料で入園可能。","Visitors with disabilities (plus one caregiver per visitor) may enter free with presentation of a disability certificate."]
[8628,"長野県","松本市","神社・寺院・神仏等","すす払い","すすはらい","religious rite to “brush the dust” from the prior year","冬になると、城門をしめ縄で飾り、前年のほこりを落とす、すす払いの大掃除が行われる。","The arrival of the new year is marked by many customs and rituals: the Kuromon and Taikomon gates are decorated with winter greenery and sacred braided ropes (shimenawa), and religious rites are performed to “brush the dust” from the prior year and purify and sanctify the castle."]
[8629,"長野県","松本市","その他","非営利団体","ひえいりだんたい","non-profit organization ","英語、フランス語、スペイン語、ポルトガル語、中国語でお城とその周辺を案内する非営利団体。","The Alps Language Service Association (ALSA) is a non-profit organization that conducts tours of the castle and its surrounding grounds in English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Chinese."]
[8630,"長野県","松本市","その他","歴史的価値","れきしてきかち","historic value","その後、松本城はその歴史的価値が認められ、国宝に指定された。","In the years since, the castle has been designated a National Treasure in recognition of its historic value."]
[8631,"長野県","松本市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","連立複合式天守","れんりつふくごうしきてんしゅ","linked multi-structure (renritsu) design","その際、松本城は連立複合式天守の珍しい例であることが取り上げられた。","In the designation, Matsumoto Castle was noted as a rare and early example of a linked multi-structure (renritsu) design."]
[8632,"長野県","松本市","建造物等","捨て瓦","すてかわら","disposable tile","これは、軒先から落ちてくる雪や氷から屋根を守るために設置された捨て瓦である。","An additional layer of flat tiles was added to various parts of the roof during repairs in the 1950s. These disposable tiles were placed to protect the roof from snow and ice falling from the eaves above."]
[8633,"長野県","松本市","その他","視線","しせん","line of sight","石落としとは、文字通り「石を落とす」ことだが、実際には城を守る鉄砲隊の視線を確保するために設けられたと考えられる。","The term ishi otoshi literally means “stone-dropping,” but the openings were more likely used to provide additional lines of sight for gunners defending the castle."]
[8634,"長野県","松本市","工芸・美術","胴乱","どうらん","bullet case ","腰には刀、腰には胴乱 、肩には瓢箪型の火薬筒、背中には槊杖と、万全の体制で戦いに臨む武士の姿が描かれています。","The set of armor shown here depicts a fully equipped warrior ready for battle: a sword at his waist, a bullet case dangling from his hip, a gourd-shaped gunpowder canister slung over his shoulder, and a ramrod at his back."]
[8635,"長野県","松本市","紋章等","貝殻状の「はつり紋」","かいがらじょうのはつりもん","a pattern that resembles seashells or fish scales","3階の柱や梁の多くは手斧で荒く仕上げられ、貝殻状の「はつり紋」 が描かれている。","Many of the pillars and beams on the third floor have been roughly finished with an adze, creating a pattern that resembles seashells or fish scales."]
[8636,"長野県","松本市","建造物等","けしょう垂木","けしょうたるぎ","purlin","図のように、太い桔木がけしょう垂木に乗って支点となる。瓦の荷重は、屋根の中央にある支柱にかかる力によってバランスが保たれる。","The underlying principle of this technology is that of a lever: as shown in the diagram, the cantilevers rest on the purlins of the exterior walls, creating a fulcrum."]
[8637,"長野県","松本市","その他","支点","してん","fulcrum","この技術の根底にあるのは「てこ」の原理である。太い桔木が外壁にかかり、支点となる。","The underlying principle of this technology is that of a lever. The thick cantilevers rest on the exterior walls, which act as a fulcrum."]
[8638,"長野県","松本市","工芸・美術","柿渋","かきしぶ","dye made from persimmon juice","また、船底天井は柿渋 の染料で赤く染め上げられ、木が赤く輝いている。","For example, the tower is encircled by a vermillion-lacquered veranda with handrails that gently curve upward at the corners, and the beams of the vaulted ceiling have been stained using a dye made from persimmon juice to give the wood a reddish glow."]
[8639,"長野県","松本市","その他","設計図","せっけいず","blueprint","現存する設計図がなく、設計者の市川清作は名古屋城の門を参考にしたと言われている。","The original Kuromon Gate was demolished in 1871, and the current inner gate was rebuilt in 1960. It is said that, because there were no surviving blueprints available, the architect Ichikawa Kiyosaku based the gate on one at Nagoya Castle."]
[8640,"長野県","松本市","工芸・美術","和時計","わどけい","Japanese-style clock","庭園には和時計の置かれている部屋があり、太鼓門の太鼓で時刻を知らせたと言われている。","It is said that one of the gardens contained a building with a Japanese-style clock, which marked the official time that was announced using the drum at the Taikomon Gate."]
[8641,"長野県","松本市","博物館・美術館","博覧会","はくらんかい","museum exhibition","これを阻止するため、市川は県知事に対して、本丸内で博覧会を開くことを強く願い出た。","Hoping to prolong the castle’s life, Ishikawa petitioned the prefectural governor to delay the demolition for 10 years, during which Ishikawa would hold museum exhibitions inside the castle."]
[8642,"長野県","松本市","建造物等","石灯籠","いしどうろう","stone lantern","本丸庭園南側の石灯籠は、松本城主水野忠直（1652-1713）が東京の寛永寺に寄進したものである。","The ornate stone lantern on the southern side of the Honmaru Garden was originally a gift from Matsumoto’s Lord Mizuno Tadanao (1652–1713) to Kan’eiji Temple in Tokyo."]
[8643,"長野県","松本市","その他","工業化の急速な進展","こうぎょうかのきゅうそくなしんてん","rapid industrialization","戊辰戦争は明治維新の第一段階であり、徳川幕府（1603-1868）の終焉、社会と政治の大転換、工業化の急速な進展のきっかけとなった。","The Boshin War was the first stage of the Meiji Restoration, which brought about the end of the Tokugawa shogunate (1603–1868), initiated sweeping social and political changes, and ushered in the country’s rapid industrialization."]
[8644,"長野県","松本市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","鷹部屋","たかべや","space for keeping hawks ","風呂や茶室、鷹部屋などもあり、古山地御殿は城主のプライベートな憩いの場として作られたことがわかる。","The inclusion of a bath, a tearoom, and space for keeping hawks for hunting indicates that the Kosanji Goten was primarily intended as a private recreation space for the castle lord."]
[8645,"長野県","松本市","人物・人名・役職名","家臣","かしん","retainer","その後、この地は戦国大名上杉謙信（1530-1578）の支配下に置かれ、謙信は家臣の一人に深志城を預けた。","The area then came under the control of the warlord Uesugi Kenshin (1530–1578), who placed Fukashi Castle in the hands of one of his retainers."]
[8646,"長野県","松本市","社会","石高","こくだか","units of rice called koku","幕府に忠実な大名は、より立地条件のよい領地に移封されたり、米の単位である「石高」を増やされたりすることがあった。","Daimyos who were loyal to the shogunate would often be relocated to more prestigious domains or given an increased stipend, which was measured in units of rice called koku."]
[8647,"長野県","松本市","社会","版籍奉還","はんせきほうかん","a movement to “return the lands and people to the emperor”","最後の松本藩主戸田光久（1828-1892）は、「天皇に領土と国民を返す」（版籍奉還）動きに主体的に参加した。","The last daimyo of Matsumoto, Toda Mitsuhisa (1828–1892), proactively joined a movement to “return the lands and people to the emperor” (hanseki hōkan).","※「hanseki hōkan」のローマ字の記載は任意。使う場合は斜体字で表記。\n※「return the lands and people to the emperor」は英語の表現ではなく、あくまで直訳だと表すために\" \"が必要。"]
[8648,"長野県","松本市","その他","農業試験場","のうぎょうしけんじょう","agricultural trial site","この組織は、松本城の本丸跡の一部を農業試験場として使用することを許可された。","This organization was granted permission to use a section of the castle’s main bailey, which they turned into an agricultural trial site."]
[8649,"長野県","松本市","その他","庶民","しょみん","commoner","17世紀から18世紀にかけて、城の最奥部には上級武士以外は立ち入ることができず、ほとんどの庶民は堀の向こうにそびえる城を見つめ、そこで何が起こっているのかを想像するしかなかった。","During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the innermost castle complex was off-limits to all but the highest-ranking samurai families; most commoners could only stare over the moats at the soaring castle and imagine what happened there."]
[8650,"長野県","松本市","建造物等","込み栓","こみせん","pegs that were used to join one piece of wood to another","そのうちの一人は、仕事から逃げるかのように、込み栓を時々削る程度で、他の職人たちを呆れさせていた。","One of these carpenters seemed determined to avoid work; to the annoyance of his fellow workers, he loafed around, occasionally whittling the pegs that were used to join one piece of wood to another."]
[8651,"長野県","松本市","工芸・美術","振袖","ふりそで","long-sleeved furisode robe ","忠政はまだ18歳で、鎧を身にまとってはいるが、その下はまだ成人していない少年の長袖の振袖を着ている。","Tadazane was only 18, and though he had clad himself in armor, beneath it he still wore the long-sleeved furisode robe of a young boy."]
[8652,"長野県","松本市","その他","怨霊","おんりょう","vengeful spirit","この不幸と忠光の死は、跡継ぎの座を譲り受けられなかった永兼の怨霊の仕業ではないかと康直は考えた。","Yasunao suspected this unluckiness (and the death of Tadamitsu) were the work of Nagakane’s vengeful spirit, who resented being supplanted as heir."]
[8653,"長野県","松本市","その他","不作","ふさく","crop failure","この地域の農民は最近不作で、税は米で支払われるため、多くの農民は飢餓の危険を冒さなくては増税された税を支払うことができなかった。","Farmers in the area had recently suffered crop failures, and because taxes were paid in rice, many farmers could not pay their taxes without risking starvation."]
[8654,"長野県","松本市","その他","釿始式","ちょうなはじめしき","Chōna-hajime (“first adze”) Ceremony","大工による再建の始まりを告げる「釿始式」","Chōna-hajime (“first adze”) Ceremony, which marks the start of reconstruction"]
[8655,"長野県","松本市","時代・歴史組織・団体","鎮台","ちんだい","army garrison","のちに、名古屋陸軍駐屯地（鎮台）の支城として、他の城が取り壊される中、松本城は残されることになった。","As a branch of the Nagoya Army Garrison, Matsumoto Castle had been left standing while other castles were demolished, but it seemed as though it would finally be destroyed.","※今回は、固有名詞であるため大文字で表記。固有名詞でない場合は、小文字で表記。"]
[8656,"長野県","松本市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","土塁","どるい","earthen embankment","そして、堀を埋め、土塁 を平らにして、三の丸を公共の都市空間として整備した。","Workers filled in the moats and flattened the earthen embankments, turning the third bailey into a public, urban space."]
[8657,"長野県","松本市","その他","火縄銃 狭間筒","ひなわじゅう　はざまづつ","Long-Barreled Marksman’s Matchlock Musket ","火縄銃 狭間筒","Long-Barreled Marksman’s Matchlock Musket "]
[8658,"長野県","松本市","建造物等","鬼瓦","おにがわら","ornamental roof tiles that were used to cap the ends of roof ridges (onigawara)","また、屋根の棟の端に被せる装飾瓦（鬼瓦）も数種類展示している。","Several styles of ornamental roof tiles that were used to cap the ends of roof ridges (onigawara) are also displayed.","※「onigawara」のローマ字の記載は任意。使う場合は斜体字で表記。"]
[8659,"長野県","松本市","神社・寺院・神仏等","紙垂","しで","paper shide streamer","松本城から南へ約500メートル、街角に紙垂を付けた石がある。","About 500 meters south of Matsumoto Castle, a rock draped with paper shide streamers stands on a street corner."]
[8660,"岐阜県","美濃市","工芸・美術","和紙","わし","washi","和紙は、8世紀以前から美濃市で作られています。","Washi (traditional Japanese paper) has been made in the Mino region since at least the eighth century. "]
[8661,"岐阜県","美濃市","植物","ねべし","ねべし","nebeshi","和紙制作におけるもう一つの主要素材は、とろろあおい（黄蜀葵）の根から抽出される粘着物質、ねべしです。","The other key material for making washi is nebeshi, a viscous substance that is extracted from the roots of the tororoaoi (sunset hibiscus, Abelmoschus manihot) plant"]
[8662,"岐阜県","美濃市","工芸・美術","塵取り","ちりとり","chiritori","外皮の不純物がまだ残っている場合は、紙の概観に影響を与えてしまうため、塵取りと呼ばれる手作業で取り除きます。","Impurities from the outer bark affect the appearance of the paper, so they are removed by hand in a process known as chiritori. "]
[8663,"岐阜県","美濃市","工芸・美術","化粧水","けしょうみず","keshomizu","この型枠をすくっては傾ける作業を化粧水と言い、繊維の膜を一方向に薄く敷くことで、滑らかな表面が形成されます。","This quick scoop-and-tip action, called keshomizu, lays a thin layer of fibers in one direction to form a smooth paper surface."]
[8664,"岐阜県","美濃市","その他","欠陥","けっかん","flaw","一枚一枚を光にかざして検査し、破れや染み、不純物などの欠陥がある紙は廃棄されます。","Each sheet is held up to the light for inspection, and any paper with flaws such as tears, marks, or impurities is discarded. "]
[8665,"岐阜県","美濃市","工芸・美術","馬鍬","まぐわ","maguwa","馬鍬（まぐわ）とは楮繊維を混ぜてパルプのとろりとした液体を調製する際に用いられる木製の鍬（くわ）です。","A maguwa is a wide wooden rake used to mix the kozo fibers in making the pulp slurry. "]
[8666,"岐阜県","美濃市","その他","懐かしい","なつかしい","nostalgic","ある部屋には、ダイヤル式電話やテープレコーダー、レコードプレーヤー、カメラなど20世紀のコレクションが展示されており、訪れる人によっては懐かしく、また知らない人もいることでしょう。","One room holds a collection of items from the twentieth century, including rotary telephones, tape recorders, record players, and cameras that may be nostalgic to some visitors and unfamiliar to others. "]
[8667,"岐阜県","美濃市","工芸・美術","ホランダービーター","ほらんだーびーたー","Hollander beater","ホランダービーターは1680年にオランダで開発されました。もともとは水を動力として回転する羽根を動かし、靭皮繊維を分離するものでした。","The Hollander beater was developed by the Dutch in 1680. It originally used water to power rolling blades, to separate the bast fibers. "]
[8668,"岐阜県","美濃市","植物","楮","こうぞ","kozo","和紙作りに用いられる主な材料である楮（こうぞ）の白い内皮―雁皮（ガンピ属の低木）―の加工には、展示されている大きな金属製の鍋が用いられていました。","A large metal cauldron on display was used for preparing the white inner bark of the kozo (paper mulberry) or gampi (several shrubs of the genus Wikstroemia), which are the main materials used for making washi. "]
[8669,"岐阜県","美濃市","工芸・美術","竹簀","す","su","壁に展示されている竹簀（す）は、パルプのとろりとした液体を流す紙づくりの重要な工程に用いられます。","The fine bamboo screens (su) displayed on the wall were used to drain the pulp slurry, the key step in the papermaking process. ","※「su」は日本語の名称で英語ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[8670,"岐阜県","美濃市","工芸・美術","引き板","ひきいた","draw plate","他にも、竹簀の材料となる竹を切る刃物や、竹に徐々に小さくなる穴を開けて円周を縮める鋼鉄製の引き板ややっとこなども展示されています。","Other tools on display include blades for cutting the bamboo used to make the screens and the steel draw plates and pliers used to reduce the circumference of the bamboo by drawing it through progressively smaller holes."]
[8671,"岐阜県","美濃市","その他","酸化","さんか","oxidation","水中の酸化鉄は、自然漂白に逆作用し、数年後に紙の表面に茶色の酸化痕として現れることがあります。 ","Iron oxide in the water can act against the natural bleaching process and may appear years later as brown oxidation marks on the surface of the paper. "]
[8672,"岐阜県","美濃市","工芸・美術","本美濃紙","ほんみのし","Hon-minoshi","その中でも最も上質なものが本美濃紙で、その軽い和紙の強くて耐久性があり、滑らかで汚れのない外観が人気となっています。","The highest-quality paper is Hon-minoshi, a lightweight washi valued for its strength, durability, smooth texture, and unblemished appearance. "]
[8673,"岐阜県","美濃市","工芸・美術","落水紙","らくすいし","rakusuishi","乾燥する前に和紙に水を掛けると、落水紙と呼ばれる模様ができます。","Water sprinkled on sheets of washi before drying creates patterned paper called rakusuishi. ","※「rakusuishi」は日本語の名称で英語ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[8674,"岐阜県","美濃市","工芸・美術","機械漉き","きかいすき","machine-made paper","機械漉き和紙（機械で作る和紙）の主な材料は楮（こうぞ）、ミツマタ（ジンチョウゲ科）、雁皮（がんぴ）（アオガンピ属の低木）といった植物からとれる靭皮繊維などのパルプです。 ","The main material for kikaisuki washi (machine-made paper) is pulp including the bast fibers of plants such as kozo (paper mulberry), mitsumata (Edgeworthia chrysantha), and gampi (several shrubs of the genus Wikstroemia). "]
[8675,"岐阜県","美濃市","工芸・美術","采配","さいはい","saihai","徳川家康が軍令を伝えるために使用した采配には、美濃和紙の短冊を房にしたものが用いられました。","A tassel of strips of Mino washi topped the baton (saihai) that Tokugawa Ieyasu used to convey orders to his troops. "]
[8676,"岐阜県","美濃市","その他","保全","ほぜん","conservation","本美濃紙は、美術品や書籍、資料の保全用に、世界中の博物館で販売されています。","Hon-minoshi is sold to museums around the world for the conservation of artworks, books, and documents. "]
[8677,"岐阜県","美濃市","その他","職人","しょくにん","artisans","多くの職人は、美濃和紙の里会館で研修を始め、そこで1か月間和紙作りについて学びます。","Most artisans start their training at the Mino Washi Paper Museum, which offers a month-long course in making washi. "]
[8678,"岐阜県","美濃市","その他","遺物","いぶつ","artifact","現存するもので最も古い紀元702年の和紙など、歴史的遺物のレプリカを目にすることで、来訪者は美濃地方を中心とした日本の和紙の発展の概観を捉えることができます。","Replicas of historical artifacts, such as the earliest-known example of Mino washi from 702, give visitors an overview of the development of washi in Japan, with an emphasis on the Mino area. "]
[8679,"岐阜県","美濃市","その他","パルプ","ぱるぷ","pulpy","パルプ状の水をすくって素早く流し、厚めの紙を成形します。","The pulpy water is scooped and drained quickly, to allow a thicker layer of paper to form. "]
[8680,"岐阜県","美濃市","工芸・美術","猪目","いのめ","inome","この彫刻は、イノシシの目を表した猪目のモチーフです。","The carvings are inome motifs, said to resemble the eye of a wild boar. "]
[8681,"岐阜県","美濃市","建造物等","蔵","くら","kura","蔵（くら）は、一族の商品や最も大切な財産を保管するために使用されていました。","The warehouses (kura) were used for storing the family’s merchandise and most precious possessions. "]
[8682,"岐阜県","美濃市","その他","イルミネート","いるみねーと","illuminate","美濃和紙明かりアートフェスティバルの際には、うだつ保全地区の通りは和紙提灯でイルミネートされます。","Paper lanterns illuminate the streets of the Udatsu Preservation District during the month-long Mino Washi Akari Art Festival. "]
[8683,"岐阜県","美濃市","工芸・美術","提灯","ちょうちん","chochin","美濃和紙は、提灯づくりの主材料で、岐阜県は提灯（岐阜提灯）生産の中心地でした。","Mino washi was a key material in making lanterns, and Gifu Prefecture has been a center of lantern production (Gifu chochin). "]
[8684,"岐阜県","美濃市","工芸・美術","錦","にしき","brocade","金や銀の錦は、しばしば金や銀を施した和紙糸から作られていました。","Gold and silver brocade was often made from strands of washi, gilded with gold or silver. "]
[8685,"岐阜県","美濃市","建造物等","土間","どま","tamped","玄関は土間づくりで、右側の作業場へと直接つながっています。","The main entrance hall has a tamped earth floor and leads directly into the workshop on the right. "]
[8686,"岐阜県","美濃市","植物","雁皮","がんぴ","gampi","製紙用パルプの制作に用いられる主な低木は須楮（こうぞ（カジノキ）、ミツマタ、そして雁皮（アオガンピ属の低木）で、いずれも成長周期が短いものです。","The main shrubs for making the paper pulp are kozo (paper mulberry), mitsumata (Edgeworthia chrysantha), and gampi (several shrubs of the genus Wikstroemia), which all have a short growing cycle. "]
[8687,"岐阜県","美濃市","建造物等","川屋","かわや","kawaya","当時、紙漉き職人たちは、湧き水のある水源（川屋）に簡易屋根を設けて、これを共有していました。","At the time, simple shelters over sources of spring water (kawaya) were shared by the community of papermakers. "]
[8688,"岐阜県","美濃市","その他","話しことば","はなしことば","colloquial","山口の俳句には、映画のワンシーンのような、生活の様子を伝える話し言葉が頻繁に用いられていました。 ","His haiku poems often use colloquial language to create slices of life, like scenes from a movie. "]
[8689,"岐阜県","美濃市","建造物等","灯籠","とうろう","toro","階段の上にある2つの大きな石灯籠は、19世紀初めに置かれたものです。 ","The two large stone toro lanterns at the top of the steps date from the early nineteenth century. "]
[8690,"岐阜県","美濃市","建造物等","鬼瓦","おにがわら","oni-gawara","うだつには瓦が載せられ、家紋や鬼瓦が付されることもありました。","Each udatsu is topped with roof tiles, including those with the family crest or a demon-like talisman called oni-gawara. "]
[8691,"愛知県","名古屋鉄道株式会社","庭園・公園","枯山水","かれさんすい","dry landscape garden (karesansui)","堀口は池を掘る代わりに、水を細かい白砂で表現した枯山水でこの風景を再現した。","Instead of digging a pond, Horiguchi replicated the scene using a dry landscape garden (karesansui), in which water is represented by fine white gravel."]
[8692,"愛知県","名古屋鉄道株式会社","その他","洗礼名","せんれいめい","baptismal name ","確たる記録は残っていないが、その中に有楽も含まれており、日本語では「ジョアン」と発音する、受洗名の「João」（ポルトガル語で「John」）を名乗ったとの説もある。","Although no reliable records remain, anecdotal sources claim Uraku was among those baptized, and that he took the baptismal name “João” (Portuguese for “John”), which in Japanese is pronounced “Jo-an.”"]
[8693,"愛知県","名古屋鉄道株式会社","建造物等","外廊下","そとろうか","exterior walkway","大磯では、書院の南東角から外廊下で結ばれていた。","At Ōiso, the buildings had been connected by an exterior walkway that extended from the southeast corner of the Shoin."]
[8694,"愛知県","名古屋鉄道株式会社","建造物等","桟瓦葺","さんがわらぶき","ceramic tiles set in a wave pattern","屋根は、名鉄が書院を取得した当時、桟瓦葺であったが、古い図面には木製の平板が描かれていた。","Next came the roof: when Meitetsu acquired the Shoin, it was roofed with ceramic tiles set in a wave pattern, but the old drawing showed flat wooden shingles."]
[8695,"愛知県","名古屋鉄道株式会社","その他","茶筅","ちゃせん","bamboo tea whisk","抹茶の泡立ちをよくするために、竹製の茶筅で泡立てることが多い。","Prepared matcha is often whisked with a bamboo tea whisk to give it a frothy, airy texture."]
[8696,"愛知県","名古屋鉄道株式会社","その他","お茶の作法","おちゃのさほう","tea service","以下、お茶の作法の各ステップと簡単な説明は下記の通りである。","Each step of the tea service is given below, along with a short explanation."]
[8697,"愛知県","名古屋鉄道株式会社","建造物等","沓脱石","くつぬぎいし","kutsunugi-ishi (“shoe-removal rock”)","1871年、この地に造幣局が新たに設立され、その敷地の一角に当時の茶室の一部で、客が入る前に靴を脱ぐために立ち止まる「沓脱石」が残されている。","A single part of the original tea house survives in one corner of the mint grounds: the kutsunugi-ishi (“shoe-removal rock”), where guests would pause to remove their shoes before entering. ","※「shoe-removal rock」を囲まれている\" \"は場合によって不要。\n※「kutsunugi-ishi」はローマ字であるため、斜体で表記する必要がある。"]
[8698,"愛知県","名古屋鉄道株式会社","建造物等","待合室","まちあいしつ","waiting area ","寄付は8畳（13平方メートル）で、主に広間で行われるお茶会の待合室 としても機能している。通常、寄付は茶会の場として使われないが、床の間や炉など、必要な設備は揃っている。","The smaller room (yoritsuki) is 8 tatami mats (13 m2) in size and is used primarily as the waiting area for tea gatherings held in the main room.","※「waiting area」は「待合」の英訳としても用いられる。"]
[8699,"愛知県","名古屋鉄道株式会社","建造物等","船底天井","ふなぞこてんじょう","“boat-bottom ceiling” (funazoko tenjō)","この門の屋根は檜皮葺きで、船底天井と呼ばれる、板を凹状に曲げ、船を反転させたような形をしている。","The gate is roofed with cypress bark and has a “boat-bottom ceiling” (funazoko tenjō), so called because the wooden planks form a concave curve that resembles an inverted boat.","※「funazoko tenjō」（ローマ字）の表記は場合によって不要。使用する場合は、斜体で表記。\n※「boat-bottom ceiling」は英語の表現ではなく、あくまで直訳だと表すために\" \"が必ず必要。"]
[8700,"愛知県","名古屋鉄道株式会社","建造物等","まぐさ","まぐさ","lintel","まぐさは低くされており、来客は頭を低く下げて入らなければならない。","The lintel is low, requiring visitors to lower their heads modestly as they enter.","※「lintel」は扉や窓だけではなく、門にも用いられる。"]
[8701,"愛知県","名古屋鉄道株式会社","植物","ロウバイ","ろうばい","wintersweet","有楽の好きだった椿をはじめ、ハクウンボク、ロウバイ、シジミバナなどが植えられている。","The garden is planted with many varieties of camellia—Uraku’s favorite—as well as fragrant snowbell, wintersweet, and bridal wreath spirea."]
[8702,"愛知県","名古屋鉄道株式会社","植物","孟宗竹","もうそうちく","moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis)","孟宗竹の変種とされる。","It is a natural variant of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis).","※「moso」は日本語だが、英語圏で一般的に知られるようになってきているため、長音符（mōsō）は使用しない（Tokyoやdaimyoと同じように）。"]
[8703,"愛知県","名古屋鉄道株式会社","工芸・美術","染付","そめつけ","blue underglaze pottery (sometsuke)","1831年までには、この地域の職人によって染付と赤絵が作られるようになった。","By 1831, local artists had begun making both blue underglaze pottery (sometsuke) and red-enameled overglaze pottery (aka-e)."]
[8704,"愛知県","名古屋鉄道株式会社","建造物等","板葺き","いたぶき","shingle","如庵、元庵は、利休の茶室のほとんどよりも規模が大きいことに加え、屋根は茅葺きではなく、板葺きである。","In addition to being larger than many of Rikyū’s tea houses, Jo-an and Gen-an are roofed with shingles, not thatch."]
[8705,"滋賀県","日吉大社","神社・寺院・神仏等","宗教施設","しゅうきょうしせつ","religious structure","比叡山に初めて建てられた恒久的な宗教施設の跡地で、668年頃、天智天皇(626-672)の勅願により建立された。","It enshrines the deity Ōnamuchi no kami, one of the protectors of Japan, and occupies the site of the first permanent religious structure erected on Mt. Hiei. "]
[8706,"滋賀県","日吉大社","神社・寺院・神仏等","御幣","ごへい"," wooden wands with zigzag paper streamer (gohei)","扉の前に置かれた御幣（ごへい）の二本が付いているのは、大山咋神への供物であり、この堂が神聖な空間であることを示している。","The two wooden wands with zigzag paper streamers (gohei) placed in front of the doors are offerings to Ōyamakui, and they indicate that the hall is a sacred space."]
[8707,"滋賀県","日吉大社","神社・寺院・神仏等","神の使い・神のしもべ","かみのつかい・かみのしもべ","messengers and servants of the deities","龍、鳳凰、獅子、猿は神の使いとされ、神のしもべとされている。","Dragons, phoenixes, shishi lions, and monkeys are thought to be messengers and servants of the deities."]
[8708,"滋賀県","日吉大社","神社・寺院・神仏等","総本山","そうほんざん","headquarter","延暦寺は、日本における天台宗の総本山である。","Enryakuji is the headquarters of the Tendai school of Buddhism in Japan."]
[8709,"滋賀県","日吉大社","その他","流浪人","るろうにん","warrior","奈良から船でやってきた大己貴命が神であることを明かし、流浪人・ことのみたちうしまるを説得して社殿を建てさせ、神官とした伝説の場所である。その神社が現在の日吉大社西本宮である。","This is the legendary spot where Ōnamuchi arrived by boat from Nara, revealed himself to be a deity, and convinced a warrior named Koto no Mitachi Ushimaru to build a shrine and serve there as priest."]
[8710,"滋賀県","日吉大社","神社・寺院・神仏等","涅槃経の一節","ねはんきょうのいっせつ","verses from the Nirvana Sutra","うしまるは、波の音が涅槃経の一節のように聞こえることを告げた。","Ushimaru told Ōnamuchi that the lapping of the waves sounded like the murmuring of verses from the Nirvana Sutra. ","※「Nirvana Sutra」はお経のタイトルであるため、斜体で表記する必要がある。"]
[8711,"滋賀県","日吉大社","山岳","山麓","さんろく","foot of the mountain","山頂の神々は、山麓の穏やかな神様の激しい姿を現したものと考えられている。","These mountaintop deities are thought to be violent manifestations of their gentle counterparts enshrined at the foot of the mountain. "]
[8712,"滋賀県","日吉大社","神社・寺院・神仏等","参道","さんどう","approach ","西本宮（旧称：大宮神社）の参道、大宮川を渡る橋。この川は、西宮神社の創建伝説に重要な役割を担っている。","This bridge crosses the Ōmiya River on the approach to Nishi Hongū (Western Main Shrine), which was formerly called Ōmiya Shrine."]
[8713,"滋賀県","日吉大社","神社・寺院・神仏等","神葬","しんそう","deification rite","天海は、1571年に焼失した延暦寺を再建し、徳川家康（1543-1616）の埋葬と神葬のために山王一実を使用したのである。","Tenkai oversaw the rebuilding of Enryakuji after the temple was destroyed in 1571 and used Sannō ichijitsu as the foundation for the burial and deification rites of Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543–1616), the first shogun of the Edo period (1603–1867)."]
[8714,"滋賀県","日吉大社","神社・寺院・神仏等","神輿の竿","みこしのさお","poles of the mikoshi ","東本宮の拝殿に到着すると、神輿の竿が結ばれ、夫婦の絆が象徴される。その夜、神が宿ると信じられている。","After the deities arrive at the worship hall of the Higashi Hongū, the poles of the mikoshi are tied together, symbolizing the physical union of the couple. "]
[8715,"滋賀県","日吉大社","神社・寺院・神仏等","子宝","こだから","to be blessed with children","安産、子宝、無病息災、長寿を祈願する。","People pray to her for safe childbirth and to be blessed with children, good health, and a long life. "]
[8716,"滋賀県","日吉大社","自然現象","湧水","ゆうすい","natural spring ","本殿は、八王子山麓の湧水を利用して建てられた。","The main sanctuary was built over a natural spring at the base of Mt. Hachiōji. "]
[8717,"滋賀県","日吉大社","神社・寺院・神仏等","お祓い","おはらい","purification rite","大宮橋と平行して架かっており、神事や行事の際、境内に入る前にお祓いをするために利用される。","Purification rites are held in the river near the bridge at the beginning of the Sannō Festival."]
[8718,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江八幡観光物産協会","神社・寺院・神仏等","八幡","はちまん","Hachiman","近江八幡市は、武家の守護神である八幡からその名を取った。","The city takes its name from Hachiman, the guardian deity of the warrior class."]
[8719,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江八幡観光物産協会","時代・歴史組織・団体","近江国","おうみのくに","Omi Province","...近江国（現在の滋賀県）の安土を本拠地とした。","Azuchi, a castle and town in Omi Province (present-day Shiga Prefecture)."]
[8720,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江八幡観光物産協会","工芸・美術","畳表","たたみおもて","tatami surface matting","八幡の商人は、当初は蚊帳や畳表、麻織物などの商品を売って全国を回っていた。","Merchants from Hachiman traveled across the country, initially selling local wares such as mosquito nets, tatami surface matting, and hemp cloth products."]
[8721,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江八幡観光物産協会","時代・歴史組織・団体","近江商人","おうみしょうにん","Omi merchants","近江商人は、近江国（現在の滋賀県）の商人で、16世紀から19世紀にかけて全国にその名を轟かせた。","Omi merchants were traveling traders from the province of Omi (now Shiga Prefecture) who made a name for themselves throughout Japan between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries."]
[8722,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江八幡観光物産協会","社会","楽市楽座","らくいちらくざ","rakuichi-rakuza","信長は安土に商人を集めるため、既存のギルド「座」にとらわれず、かなりの自由度をもって、「楽市楽座」と呼ばれる制度で商人の活動を奨励した。","To encourage merchants to settle in Azuchi, he allowed them to operate independently of existing guilds and with a significant degree of freedom, under a system called rakuichi-rakuza (“free markets, open guilds”). "]
[8723,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江八幡観光物産協会","社会","三方よし","さんぽうよし","sanpo yoshi","また、近江商人の代表的な言葉に「三方よし」という言葉がある。","One of the best-known principles of the Omi merchants is summarized in the expression sanpo yoshi or “benefit for all three parties.”"]
[8724,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江八幡観光物産協会","郷土景観","水郷","すいごう","“water home” (suigo)","この地域は日本語で「水の故郷」と意味する「水郷」と呼ばれ、自然の景観と人々の暮らしが密接に関係していることを表現している。","The wetlands are called “water home” (suigo) in Japanese, expressing the close relationship between the natural landscape and people’s everyday life. "]
[8725,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江八幡観光物産協会","郷土景観","ヨシ原","よしはら","reedbed","水郷の特徴は、水路に並ぶヨシ原である。","A distinctive feature of the wetlands is the reedbeds that line the waterways."]
[8726,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江八幡観光物産協会","郷土景観","ヨシ焼き","よしやき","controlled burning","2月から3月にかけて行われるヨシ焼きは、湿地管理の重要な手法の一つである。","In February and March the reedbeds are cleared by controlled burning, one important method of wetland management."]
[8727,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江八幡観光物産協会","動物","サギ","さぎ","egret","ヨシ原を渡る風の音を聞きながら、サギやコサギ、ヨシキリなどの野鳥を見つけることができる。","While listening to the sound of the wind in the reeds, passengers will spot numerous wild birds including egrets, little grebes, and reed warblers."]
[8728,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江八幡観光物産協会","動物","ヨシキリ","よしきり","reed warbler","ヨシ原を渡る風の音を聞きながら、サギやコサギ、ヨシキリなどの野鳥を見つけることができる。","While listening to the sound of the wind in the reeds, passengers will spot numerous wild birds including egrets, little grebes, and reed warblers."]
[8729,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江八幡観光物産協会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","八幡山城","はちまんやまじょう","Hachimanyama Castle","近江八幡は、1585年、豊臣秀次（1568-1595）が八幡山に八幡山城を築き、城下町として誕生した。","Omihachiman was founded as a castle town in 1585, when Toyotomi Hidetsugu (1568–1595) built Hachimanyama Castle on the mountain."]
[8730,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江八幡観光物産協会","神社・寺院・神仏等","瑞龍寺","ずいりゅうじ","Zuiryuji Temple","秀次の死後、悲嘆にくれた母トモは尼僧となり、息子を偲んで瑞龍寺を建立した。","Following Hidetsugu’s death, his grieving mother Tomo became a Buddhist nun and founded Zuiryuji Temple in her son’s memory. "]
[8731,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江八幡観光物産協会","湖沼","西の湖","にしのこ","Lake Nishinoko","北東側には西の湖と、琵琶湖と町の間に位置する水郷が見える。","Visible to the northeast are Lake Nishinoko and the wetlands between the town and Lake Biwa. "]
[8732,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江八幡観光物産協会","食","丁稚羊羹","でっちようかん","detchi yokan","ロープウェー入口にあるお土産屋さんは餡子でできている地元の名産品である「丁稚羊羹」などを販売している。","A souvenir shop at the ropeway entrance sells local specialties such as detchi yokan (a traditional sweet made with azuki bean jam)."]
[8733,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江八幡観光物産協会","郷土景観","八幡堀","はちまんぼり","Hachimanbori Moat","八幡堀は、近江八幡の商業発展に大きな役割を果たした人工の水路である。","The Hachimanbori Moat is an artificial waterway that played a significant role in the commercial development of Omihachiman. "]
[8734,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江八幡観光物産協会","集落・街","江八幡市重要伝統的建造物群保存地区","おうみはちまんしじゅうようでんとうてきけんぞうぶつぐんほぞんちく","Omihachiman Important Preservation District for Groups of Traditional Buildings","このため、堀の両岸は、旧市街の新町通り、永原町通りとともに近江八幡市重要伝統的建造物群保存地区に指定されている。","For this reason, both banks of the moat are now part of the Omihachiman Important Preservation District for Groups of Traditional Buildings along with Shinmachi Street and Nagaharacho Street in the old town."]
[8735,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江八幡観光物産協会","年中行事","左義長祭り","さぎちょうまつり","Sagicho festival","左義長祭りとは、1月に日本全国で行われる祭りで、正月飾りを焚き火で燃やし、年末年始に福を運んでくる神々と別れを告げるのが一般的である。","Sagicho festivals are held throughout Japan in January and usually involve burning New Year’s decorations on a bonfire to bid farewell to the deities that were believed to visit homes carrying blessings for the holiday season.","※一般名詞として使う場合は上記のとおり、「festival」を小文字で表記します。固有名詞（特定の祭り）の場合は「Festival」のFが大文字になります。"]
[8736,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江八幡観光物産協会","年中行事","左義長","さぎちょう","sagicho","左義長祭りは、祭りの名前の由来となった左義長という山車を中心に行われる。","The Sagicho Festival centers on the sagicho floats after which the celebration is named."]
[8737,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江八幡観光物産協会","年中行事","だし","だし","dashi","左義長の主な装飾品は「だし」と呼ばれ、松明の前部に取り付けられる。","The main decorative part of the float is called dashi and is attached to the front of the torch."]
[8738,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江八幡観光物産協会","年中行事","踊り子","おどりこ","odoriko","左義長は重さ約500キロ、約30人の踊り子が担ぐ。","Each one of the floats weighs around 500 kilograms and is carried by some 30 odoriko, or “dancers.”"]
[8739,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江八幡観光物産協会","年中行事","けんか","けんか","kenka","2日目は、朝から左義長が巡行し、神社では「けんか」と呼ばれる力比べが行われる。","On the second day, the floats are paraded from the morning, and trials of strength called kenka, or “fights,” are held at the shrine."]
[8740,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江八幡観光物産協会","史跡","旧西川利右衛門家住宅","きゅうにしかわりえもんけじゅうたく","Former Nishikawa Riemon House","しかし西川庄六家は存続し、旧西川利右衛門家住宅は近江八幡市に寄贈した。","The Nishikawa Shoroku family endured, however, and had the Former Nishikawa Riemon House donated to the city of Omihachiman."]
[8741,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江八幡観光物産協会","建造物等","栂の木材","つがのもくざい","hemlock wood","現在博物館として公開されている2階建ての住宅は栂の木材で作られ、黒塗り壁、切妻瓦葺きである。","The two-story house, now open to the public as a museum, was built with hemlock wood and has black-painted walls and a gabled, tiled roof."]
[8742,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江八幡観光物産協会","建造物等","耐火建築の土蔵","たいかけんちくのどぞう","fire-resistant storehouse","中庭には、1681年と1683年の間に建てられた白壁の3階建て耐火建築の土蔵がある。","In the inner garden is a three-story fire-resistant storehouse with whitewashed walls, built between 1681 and 1683."]
[8743,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江八幡観光物産協会","史跡","西川庄六家住宅","にしかわしょうろくけじゅうたく","Nishikawa Shoroku House","西川利右衛門家住宅の向かいにある西川庄六家住宅は滋賀県指定文化財になっている。","Opposite the Nishikawa Riemon House stands the Nishikawa Shoroku House, which has been designated a Cultural Property of Shiga Prefecture."]
[8744,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江八幡観光物産協会","人物・人名・役職名","西川甚五郎","にしかわじんごろう","Nishikawa Jingoro","西川の成功は、仁右衛門の四男で、1628年に父の後を継いだ西川甚五郎（別名「五郎」、1582-1675）の努力によるところが大きい。","The Nishikawa company’s success was in large part due to the efforts of Nishikawa Jingoro (also Jingo; 1582–1675), the fourth son of Niemon, who took charge of the family business after his father in 1628.","※こちらの名前は「五郎」と表記されることもある。"]
[8745,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江八幡観光物産協会","人物・人名・役職名","丁稚","でっち","detchi","そのため、商家の奉公人である「丁稚」の間で、安価なお菓子として親しまれた。","Its low price helped make it a popular snack among merchants’ apprentices, or detchi, after whom the sweet is thought to be named."]
[8746,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江八幡観光物産協会","食","羊羹","ようかん","yokan","濃厚なゼリーのような食感のより高価な羊羹に比べ、水分が多く、糖分が少ないのが特徴。","Compared to other, more expensive types of yokan, which usually have the texture of dense jelly, it contains more water and less sugar."]
[8747,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江八幡観光物産協会","食","近江牛","おうみぎゅう","Omi beef","近江牛は滋賀県のブランド和牛で、きめ細かい霜降りと柔らかさ、芳醇な香り、甘みとコクのある味わいが特徴である。","Omi beef is a brand of wagyu from Shiga Prefecture noted for its fine marbling, tenderness, mellow aroma, and sweet, rich taste."]
[8748,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江八幡観光物産協会","人物・人名・役職名","ウィリアム・メレル・ヴォーリズ","うぃりあむ・めれる・ゔぉーりず","William Merrell Vories","ウィリアム・メレル・ヴォーリズ（1880-1964）は、アメリカ生まれの建築家、実業家、キリスト教宣教師で、その生涯の大半を近江八幡で過ごした。","William Merrell Vories (1880–1964) was an American-born architect, businessman, and Christian missionary who lived and worked in Omihachiman for the greater part of his life."]
[8749,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江八幡観光物産協会","時代・歴史組織・団体","近江ミッション","おうみみっしょん","Omi Mission","1911年、宣教活動の母体となる「近江ミッション」を設立し、滋賀県全域でキリスト教の伝道を開始した。","In 1911, he established the Omi Mission as an umbrella organization for his missionary activities and began spreading the message of Christianity throughout Shiga Prefecture."]
[8750,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江八幡観光物産協会","動物","ヒメマス","ひめます","Himemasu salmon","私たちヒメマスは、世界のさまざまな地域で「コカニーサーモン」と呼ばれる陸封型のサケの一種です。","We himemasu salmon are a species of landlocked salmon called kokanee salmon in some parts of the world.","※「Kokanee salmon」はカナダ呼称である可能性があり（環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所より）アメリカ英語のスタンダードな表現を調査し「Himemasu salmon」としましたが、地域によっては「Kokanee salmon」と表現している場合もあります。"]
[8751,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江八幡観光物産協会","人物・人名・役職名","一柳米来留","ひとつやなぎ・めれる","Hitotsuyanagi Mereru","ヴォーリズは1941年に帰化し、一柳米来留（ひとつやなぎ・めれる）と名乗るようになった。","Vories became a naturalized citizen in 1941 and changed his name to Hitotsuyanagi Mereru."]
[8752,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江八幡観光物産協会","その他","名誉市民","めいよしみん","honorary citizen","ヴォーリズのバイブルクラスは当初不信感を持たれていたが、やがて近江八幡への貢献が認められるようになり、1958年、近江八幡市初の名誉市民となった。","Although Vories’s Bible classes had initially aroused distrust, his contributions to Omihachiman would eventually be recognized, and in 1958, he was made the city’s first honorary citizen."]
[8753,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江八幡観光物産協会","建造物等","コロニアルスタイル","コロニアルスタイル","colonial style","コロニアルスタイルで建てられた住宅は、約100mの赤レンガの壁に囲まれている。","The houses are built in the colonial style and are surrounded by a 100-meter-long red brick wall. "]
[8754,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江八幡観光物産協会","建造物等","切妻屋根","きりづまやね","gable-roofed","913年に建てられた。切妻屋根の3階建てで、11の部屋、5つの暖炉、2本の煙突がある。","The gable-roofed, three-story residence has 11 rooms, five fireplaces, and two chimneys."]
[8755,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江八幡観光物産協会","建造物等","集配室","しゅうはいしつ","distribution room","集配室は現在、小さなカフェになっている。","The distribution room is now occupied by a small cafe. "]
[8756,"滋賀県","一般社団法人近江八幡観光物産協会","建造物等","下見板張り","したみいたばり","clapboard","全体的にシンプルで、下見板張りの外壁、切妻屋根、煙突、二重窓など、西洋的な外観が特徴的である。","Simple in overall appearance, the building has a clapboard exterior, gabled roof, chimney, and double-glazed windows that give it a distinctively Western look. "]
[8757,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","芸能・興行・イベント","日本伝統文化入門公演～ギオンコーナー～","にほんでんとうぶんかにゅうもんこうえんぎおんこーなー","Gion Corner: Traditional Arts Performance","日本伝統文化入門公演～ギオンコーナーへようこそ！","Welcome to the Gion Corner: Traditional Arts Performance!"]
[8758,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","芸能・興行・イベント","文楽","ぶんらく","bunraku","季節により、文楽という人形劇または能の一場面が上演されます。","Depending on the season, a scene from bunraku puppet theater or a noh play is performed. "]
[8759,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","その他","茶の湯","ちゃのゆ","chanoyu","茶の湯は、抹茶（粉末の緑茶）の準備と提供を中心とした日本の伝統です。","Chanoyu is a Japanese tradition centered on the preparation and serving of matcha, powdered green tea."]
[8760,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","その他","茶道","さどう","sado","茶の湯を通して自己を磨くための規律である「茶の道」（茶道(さどう)または茶道(ちゃどう)）は、15世紀と16世紀に形成されました。","The “way of tea” (sado or chado), a discipline for refining the self through chanoyu, took shape in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries."]
[8761,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","その他","茶道","ちゃどう","chado","茶の湯を通して自己を磨くための規律である「茶の道」（茶道(さどう)または茶道(ちゃどう)）は、15世紀と16世紀に形成されました。","The “way of tea” (sado or chado), a discipline for refining the self through chanoyu, took shape in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries."]
[8762,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","人物・人名・役職名","千利休","せんりきゅう","Sen Rikyu","千利休（1522年～1591年）は、わびの美学と、調和、敬意、純粋さ、静けさの原則を取り入れた、今日私たちが知っている「茶道」を確立した茶道家と見なされています。","Sen Rikyu (1522–1591) is considered the tea master who established the “way of tea” as we know it today, incorporating the aesthetics of wabi (cultivated simplicity) and the principles of harmony, respect, purity, and tranquility."]
[8763,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","社会","詫び","わび","wabi","千利休（1522年～1591年）は、わびの美学と、調和、敬意、純粋さ、静けさの原則を取り入れた、今日私たちが知っている「茶道」を確立した茶道家と見なされています。","Sen Rikyu (1522–1591) is considered the tea master who established the “way of tea” as we know it today, incorporating the aesthetics of wabi (cultivated simplicity) and the principles of harmony, respect, purity, and tranquility.","※「wabi」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[8764,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","時代・歴史組織・団体","裏千家","うらせんけ","Urasenke","この公演では、裏千家という流派の茶道家によって抹茶が準備されます。","During the program, matcha is prepared by a tea master from the Urasenke tradition."]
[8765,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","社会","立礼","りゅうれい","ryurei","立礼形式で行われますが、この形式では参加者が畳ではなく椅子に座ります。","The presentation uses the ryurei style, in which participants sit in chairs rather than on tatami mats."]
[8766,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","工芸・美術","茶筅","ちゃせん","chasen","準備が終わると、主催者は茶碗に抹茶の粉とお湯を加え、茶筅と呼ばれる竹の泡だて器で混ぜます。","When preparations are complete, the host adds matcha powder and hot water to the tea bowl and mixes them with a bamboo whisk called a chasen."]
[8767,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","社会","「一期一会」","いちごいちえ","“ichigo ichie”","「一期一会」（文字通りに言えば「それぞれの出会いは一生に一度」）という慣用句は茶会に深い意味を与えるもう1つの基本的な概念を反映しています。","The phrase “ichigo ichie” (each meeting is once in a lifetime) reflects another fundamental concept that gives deep significance to a tea gathering."]
[8768,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","工芸・美術","箏","こと","koto","箏は日本の国民的な楽器とみなされています。","The koto is considered the national musical instrument of Japan."]
[8769,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","芸能・興行・イベント","生田流","いくたりゅう","Ikuta school","江戸時代（1603年～1867年）になると、箏のレパートリーが大幅に拡大し、京都の生田流と東京の山田流という2つの主要な流派が設立されました。","In the Edo period (1603–1867), the koto repertoire expanded substantially, and two major schools were founded: the Ikuta school in Kyoto and the Yamada school in Tokyo."]
[8770,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","芸能・興行・イベント","山田流","やまだりゅう","Yamada school","江戸時代（1603年～1867年）になると、箏のレパートリーが大幅に拡大し、京都の生田流と東京の山田流という2つの主要な流派が設立されました。","In the Edo period (1603–1867), the koto repertoire expanded substantially, and two major schools were founded: the Ikuta school in Kyoto and the Yamada school in Tokyo."]
[8771,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","芸能・興行・イベント","みだれ","みだれ","Midare","この公演では、生田流の箏奏者が、3曲を披露します。「みだれ」、季節に応じて「春の曲」または「千鳥の曲」、春の桜に関する民謡「さくらさくら」です。","As part of this program, koto musicians of the Ikuta school play three pieces: Midare (Turbulence), Haru no kyoku (Ode to Spring) or Chidori no kyoku (Song of the Plover) depending on the season, and Sakura sakura, a popular tune about spring cherry blossoms."]
[8772,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","芸能・興行・イベント","春の曲","はるのきょく","Haru no kyoku","この公演では、生田流の箏奏者が、3曲を披露します。「みだれ」、季節に応じて「春の曲」または「千鳥の曲」、春の桜に関する民謡「さくらさくら」です。","As part of this program, koto musicians of the Ikuta school play three pieces: Midare (Turbulence), Haru no kyoku (Ode to Spring) or Chidori no kyoku (Song of the Plover) depending on the season, and Sakura sakura, a popular tune about spring cherry blossoms."]
[8773,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","芸能・興行・イベント","千鳥の曲","ちどりのきょく","Chidori no kyoku","この公演では、生田流の箏奏者が、3曲を披露します。「みだれ」、季節に応じて「春の曲」または「千鳥の曲」、春の桜に関する民謡「さくらさくら」です。","As part of this program, koto musicians of the Ikuta school play three pieces: Midare (Turbulence), Haru no kyoku (Ode to Spring) or Chidori no kyoku (Song of the Plover) depending on the season, and Sakura sakura, a popular tune about spring cherry blossoms."]
[8774,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","芸能・興行・イベント","さくらさくら","さくらさくら","Sakura Sakura","この公演では、生田流の箏奏者が、3曲を披露します。「みだれ」、季節に応じて「春の曲」または「千鳥の曲」、春の桜に関する民謡「さくらさくら」です。","As part of this program, koto musicians of the Ikuta school play three pieces: Midare (Turbulence), Haru no kyoku (Ode to Spring) or Chidori no kyoku (Song of the Plover) depending on the season, and Sakura Sakura, a popular tune about spring cherry blossoms."]
[8775,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","芸能・興行・イベント","雅楽","ががく","gagaku","17世紀まで、箏は主に貴族の趣味を反映したもので、雅楽という宮廷音楽でよく使われていました。","Until the seventeenth century, the koto primarily reflected the tastes of the nobility and was often used in gagaku court music."]
[8776,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","人物・人名・役職名","八橋検校","やつはしけんぎょう"," Yatsuhashi Kengyo","八橋検校（1614年～1685年）という名前の盲目の音楽家・作曲家は、現在知られている筝の音楽の基礎を築いたと考えられており、箏を芸術としてより身近なものにしました。","A blind musician and composer named Yatsuhashi Kengyo (1614–1685) is credited with laying the foundations for koto music as it is known today, making it much more accessible as an art."]
[8777,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","その他","生け花","いけばな","ikebana","日本のフラワーアレンジメントの芸術は、生け花または華道と呼ばれています。","The Japanese art of flower arrangement is called ikebana, or kado."]
[8778,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","その他","華道","かどう","kado","日本のフラワーアレンジメントの芸術は、生け花または華道と呼ばれています。","The Japanese art of flower arrangement is called ikebana, or kado.","※「kado」は現状一般名詞ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[8779,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","時代・歴史組織・団体","池坊","いけのぼう","Ikenobo school","京都で数ある生け花(いけばな)の流派の中でも、日本伝統文化入門公演～ギオンコーナー～では池坊と嵯峨御流が彼らの芸術を披露します。","Of the many schools of ikebana that are active in Kyoto, the Ikenobo and the Saga Goryu schools demonstrate their art during the Gion Corner: Traditional Arts Performance."]
[8780,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","芸能・興行・イベント","嵯峨御流","さがごりゅう","Saga Goryu school","京都で数ある生け花(いけばな)の流派の中でも、日本伝統文化入門公演～ギオンコーナー～では池坊と嵯峨御流が彼らの芸術を披露します。","Of the many schools of ikebana that are active in Kyoto, the Ikenobo and the Saga Goryu schools demonstrate their art during the Gion Corner: Traditional Arts Performance."]
[8781,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","人物・人名・役職名","池坊専応","いけのぼうせんおう","Ikenobo Senno","生け花の理論と哲学は16世紀に、僧侶であった池坊専応(1482年～1543年)の教えに基づいて成文化されました。","The theory and philosophy of ikebana were codified in the sixteenth century based on the teachings of the Buddhist monk Ikenobo Senno (1482–1543)."]
[8782,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","芸能・興行・イベント","舞楽","ぶがく","bugaku","舞楽は、主に宮廷で上演されました。","Bugaku court dances were performed primarily in the emperor’s court."]
[8783,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","人物・人名・役職名","高長恭","こうちょうきょう","Gao Changgong","この伝説は、中国の北斉王朝の有名な将軍である高長恭（541年～573年）の功績に基づいていると言われています。","The legend is said to be based on the exploits of Gao Changgong (541–573), a famed general of China’s Northern Qi dynasty."]
[8784,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","芸能・興行・イベント","烏帽子","えぼし","eboshi","太鼓と伝統的な管楽器を備え、宮廷衣装と烏帽子を着用した少人数の楽師の集団が、この舞の伴奏をしています。","A small group of musicians in court attire and eboshi caps accompanies the dance with drums and traditional wind instruments."]
[8785,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","工芸・美術","釣太鼓","つりだいこ","tsuri-daiko","吊るされた大きな太鼓が釣太鼓、小さい樽のような形の太鼓が鞨鼓です。","The large hanging drum is called a tsuri-daiko, and the smaller barrel-shaped drum is a kakko."]
[8786,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","工芸・美術","鞨鼓","かっこ","kakko","吊るされた大きな太鼓が釣太鼓、小さい樽のような形の太鼓が鞨鼓です。","The large hanging drum is called a tsuri-daiko, and the smaller barrel-shaped drum is a kakko."]
[8787,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","工芸・美術","笙","しょう","sho","管楽器には、笙（マウス・オルガン）、オーボエに似た篳篥、龍笛という横笛などがあります。","The wind instruments include a sho (mouth organ), an oboe-like hichiriki, and a horizontal flute called a ryuteki."]
[8788,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","工芸・美術","篳篥","ひちりき","hichiriki","管楽器には、笙（マウス・オルガン）、オーボエに似た篳篥、龍笛という横笛などがあります。","The wind instruments include a sho (mouth organ), an oboe-like hichiriki, and a horizontal flute called a ryuteki."]
[8789,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","工芸・美術","龍笛","りゅうてき","ryuteki","管楽器には、笙（マウス・オルガン）、オーボエに似た篳篥、龍笛という横笛などがあります。","The wind instruments include a sho (mouth organ), an oboe-like hichiriki, and a horizontal flute called a ryuteki."]
[8790,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","その他","ユネスコの人類の無形文化遺産の代表的なリスト","ゆねすこのじんるいのむけいぶんかいさんのだいひょうてきなりすと","UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity","舞楽は、2009年に「雅楽」の一部としてユネスコの人類の無形文化遺産の代表的なリストに追加されました。","Bugaku was added to UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2009 as part of the “Gagaku” inscription."]
[8791,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","芸能・興行・イベント","狂言","きょうげん","kyogen","狂言という演劇は、伝統的に、より長く荘厳な能という演劇の間に上演される短い喜劇です。","Kyogen plays are short comedies traditionally performed between longer, more solemn noh plays."]
[8792,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","芸能・興行・イベント","能","のう","noh","狂言という演劇は、伝統的に、より長く荘厳な能という演劇の間に上演される短い喜劇です。","Kyogen plays are short comedies traditionally performed between longer, more solemn noh plays."]
[8793,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","芸能・興行・イベント","棒縛","ぼうしばり","Bo shibari","日本伝統文化入門公演～ギオンコーナー～では、狂言師がよく知られている演目である「棒縛」を上演します。","At the Gion Corner: Traditional Arts Performance, kyogen actors put on the popular play Bo shibari (Tied to a Staff)."]
[8794,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","人物・人名・役職名","芸妓","げいこ","geiko","芸妓は、舞や歌、音楽、そして遊びでお客様を楽しませる女性の舞台芸術家です。","Geiko are female performing artists who entertain guests with dances, songs, music, and games."]
[8795,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","人物・人名・役職名","舞妓","まいこ","maiko","舞妓は芸妓になるために修行をしている若い練習生です。","Maiko are young apprentices who are training to become geiko."]
[8796,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","芸能・興行・イベント","京舞","きょうまい","Kyomai","彼女たちが実践している芸術の 1 つが、優雅な京舞です。","One of the arts they practice is the elegant Kyomai dance."]
[8797,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","集落・街","祇園甲部","ぎおんこうぶ","Gion Kobu","祇園甲部では、芸妓と舞妓は、井上流の京舞を稽古しています。","In Gion Kobu, geiko and maiko study the Kyomai dance of the Inoue school."]
[8798,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","芸能・興行・イベント","井上流","いのうえりゅう","Inoue school","祇園甲部では、芸妓と舞妓は、井上流の京舞を稽古しています。","In Gion Kobu, geiko and maiko study the Kyomai dance of the Inoue school."]
[8799,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","芸能・興行・イベント","座敷","ざしき","zashiki","京舞井上流は、座敷という、お客様が歌や舞踊を楽しむ小さな客間で発展しました。","The Inoue-school style of Kyomai was developed in zashiki, relatively small parlors where guests were entertained with song and dance."]
[8800,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","芸能・興行・イベント","祇園小唄","ぎおんこうた","Gion kouta","舞の一つは季節ごとに変わるもの、もう一つは人気の定番で祇園小唄と呼ばれる舞です。","One dance is changed each season, and the other is the popular classic called Gion kouta (A Song for Gion)."]
[8801,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","工芸・美術","三味線","しゃみせん","shamisen","京舞は、歌と三味線の音楽が伴奏します。","Kyomai dance is accompanied by singing and shamisen music."]
[8802,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","芸能・興行・イベント","立方","たちかた","tachikata","舞踊を専門とする芸妓と舞妓を「立方」、音楽を専門とする芸妓と舞妓を「地方」と呼びます。","Geiko and maiko who specialize in dance are called “tachikata,” and those who focus on music are called “jikata.”","※文脈では引用符を利用するため、斜体表記が不要。"]
[8803,"京都府","公益財団法人京都伝統伎芸振興財団","芸能・興行・イベント","地方","じかた","jikata","舞踊を専門とする芸妓と舞妓を「立方」、音楽を専門とする芸妓と舞妓を「地方」と呼びます。","Geiko and maiko who specialize in dance are called “tachikata,” and those who focus on music are called “jikata.”","※文脈では引用符を利用するため、斜体表記が不要。"]
[8804,"京都府","一般社団法人南丹市美山観光まちづくり協会","集落・街","かやぶきの里","かやぶきのさと","Kayabuki no Sato","特に注目されているのはかつては一般的で、今も「かやぶきの里」などで住居として利用され続けている伝統的な茅葺き屋根の家屋である。","Miyama is famous for the traditional thatched-roof houses that were once common throughout the area and remain in residential use in places such as the historic Kayabuki no Sato village."]
[8805,"京都府","一般社団法人南丹市美山観光まちづくり協会","植物","ススキ","すすき","miscanthus grass (susuki)","数十年に一度、家ごとに葺き替えを行うが、葺き替えに使うススキを育てるところから始まる手間のかかる仕事である。","Each one is rethatched every few decades in a labor-intensive undertaking that starts with growing the miscanthus grass (susuki) used as thatch."]
[8806,"京都府","一般社団法人南丹市美山観光まちづくり協会","その他","囲炉裏","いろり","irori open hearth","午後に到着すると、伝統的な囲炉裏のそばで抹茶とお菓子が振る舞われることも。","Upon arrival in the afternoon, guests are seated around the house’s traditional irori open hearth and served freshly whisked matcha tea with sweets."]
[8807,"京都府","一般社団法人南丹市美山観光まちづくり協会","その他","草履","ぞうり","zori straw sandals","ハイキング、茅葺き体験、草履作りなど、各民宿で独自の体験プログラムが用意されている。","Each guest house has its own program of experiences, which might include options like guided hiking tours, a hands-on class in roof thatching, or making zori straw sandals."]
[8808,"京都府","一般社団法人南丹市美山観光まちづくり協会","食","きび","きび","Proso millet (kibi)","きびも美山で古くから米の補完として栽培されている穀物で、今も食卓に上る。","Proso millet (kibi) is another grain that was traditionally grown in Miyama as a complement to rice and still appears on local menus."]
[8809,"京都府","一般社団法人南丹市美山観光まちづくり協会","食","鮎","あゆ","Ayu (sweetfish)","鮎は美山町の伝統的な食生活に欠かせない貴重な魚である。","Ayu (sweetfish) is a prized catch and an important part of the traditional diet in Miyama."]
[8810,"京都府","一般社団法人南丹市美山観光まちづくり協会","食","友釣り","ともづり","tomozuri","この地域で最も一般的な鮎の釣り方は「友釣り」である。","The most common method of catching ayu in the area is called tomozuri."]
[8811,"京都府","一般社団法人南丹市美山観光まちづくり協会","食","どぶろく","どぶろく","doburoku","どぶろくは、蒸した米と水と麹菌を混ぜ、涼しい場所で発酵させたシンプルな濁り酒である。","Doburoku is unfiltered sake, a cloudy alcoholic beverage made by blending steamed rice, water, and koji mold and simply leaving the mixture to ferment in a cool place."]
[8812,"京都府","一般社団法人南丹市美山観光まちづくり協会","植物","ドクダミ","どくだみ ","dokudami (Houttuynia cordata) ","白い花を咲かせ、すぐに広がるので庭師には厄介者扱いされているが、古くから治癒効果があるとされ、愛飲されてきたハーブであるドクダミ。","Dokudami (Houttuynia cordata) is a herb with white flowers that spreads quickly and is considered a nuisance by gardeners but has long been cherished for its purported healing properties."]
[8813,"京都府","一般社団法人南丹市美山観光まちづくり協会","年中行事","雪灯廊","ゆきとうろ","Snow Lantern Festival","冬になると大雪に見舞われる美山の風物詩、「雪灯廊」。","The Snow Lantern Festival is one of the highlights of the year in Miyama, which often receives heavy snowfall in winter. "]
[8814,"京都府","一般社団法人南丹市美山観光まちづくり協会","建造物等","北山型農家建築","きたやまがたのうかけんちく","Kitayama style of farmhouse architecture","石田家住宅は、17世紀初頭から京都北部の村々で発展した北山型農家建築の代表格である。","The Ishida House exemplifies the Kitayama style of farmhouse architecture that developed in the villages north of Kyoto in the early seventeenth century."]
[8815,"京都府","一般社団法人南丹市美山観光まちづくり協会","人物・人名・役職名","庄屋","しょうや","village headman","茅葺き屋根の石田家住宅は、1650年に庄屋を世襲していた家のために建てられた現存する日本最古の農家である。","The thatched-roof Ishida House is the oldest extant farmhouse in Japan, built in 1650 for a wealthy family who held the hereditary position of village headman."]
[8816,"大阪府","公益財団法人大阪観光局","人物・人名・役職名","聖徳太子","しょうとくたいし","Prince Shotoku","日本最古の官寺である四天王寺は、当時日本に伝来したばかりの仏教の興隆に努めた聖徳太子によって593年に創建されました。","Shitennoji is the oldest state-sponsored Buddhist temple in Japan, having been founded in 593 by Prince Shotoku, the revered early champion of Buddhism."]
[8817,"大阪府","公益財団法人大阪観光局","建造物等","五重塔","ごじゅうのとう","the five-storied pagoda","手前には、上部に相輪と呼ばれる12mの装飾部を冠した高さ39mの五重塔が立っています。"," Inside is the five-storied pagoda, which stands 39 meters tall, topped by a 12-meter finial called a sorin."]
[8818,"大阪府","公益財団法人大阪観光局","その他","極楽浄土","ごくらくじょうど","the Pure Land Paradise","五智光院の隣には、極楽浄土の庭（Garden of the Pure Land Paradise）への入り口があります。","Next to the Gochikoin is the entrance to the Gokuraku Jodo no Niwa, or “Garden of the Pure Land Paradise.”"]
[8819,"大阪府","公益財団法人大阪観光局","テーマ施設等","大阪市中央公会堂","おおさかしちゅうおうこうかいどう","Osaka City Central Public Hall","大阪市中央公会堂は、第二次世界大戦前の大阪の最盛期「大大阪時代」の懐かしい面影を残しています。","The Osaka City Central Public Hall is an enduring reminder of Osaka’s pre-World War II heyday, known as the “Great Osaka” period."]
[8820,"大阪府","公益財団法人大阪観光局","工芸・美術","蘭陵王","らんりょうおう","Prince of Langling","ヘレン・ケラーやヴィルヘルム・ケンプなどさまざまな著名人を迎えてきたその舞台は、日本の古い舞楽の演目「蘭陵王」にちなんだ印象的な仮面で飾られています。","Its stage, which has hosted luminaries ranging from Helen Keller to Albert Einstein, is adorned with a dramatic mask related to the ancient Japanese bugaku dance “Prince of Langling.”"]
[8821,"大阪府","公益財団法人大阪観光局","建造物等","難波橋","なにわばし","Naniwa-bashi Bridge","バラ園は難波橋のすぐ東側にあります。","The Rose Garden lies just east of Naniwa-bashi Bridge."]
[8822,"大阪府","公益財団法人大阪観光局","書物","銀河鉄道の夜","ぎんがてつどうのよる","Night on the Galactic Railroad","空中庭園での体験は、梅田スカイビル3階の出発ゲートから始まります；この場所の壁一面には「リグ・ヴェーダ」や「ガリバー旅行記」、宮沢賢治の「銀河鉄道の夜」など、空に関する古典文学からの引用が散りばめられています。","The Kuchu Teien experience begins at the Departure Gate on the third floor of the Umeda Sky Building, where the walls are covered with quotations about the sky from classical literature—ranging from the Rig Veda and Gulliver’s Travels to Miyazawa Kenji’s Night on the Galactic Railroad. "]
[8823,"大阪府","公益財団法人大阪観光局","芸能・興行・イベント","歌舞伎座","かぶきざ","kabuki theater","まもなく、千日前は道頓堀付近の歌舞伎座にかわるカジュアルで安価なエリアとして定着しました。","Soon Sennichimae became the more casual and inexpensive alternative to the kabuki theaters closer to the Dotonbori Canal."]
[8824,"大阪府","公益財団法人大阪観光局","人物・人名・役職名","落語家","らくごか","rakugo storyteller","法善寺横丁のバーやレストランで、落語家たちは常連客や道頓堀の劇場の役者たちと自由に交流していました。","In the bars and restaurants of Hozenji Yokocho, rakugo storytellers mingled freely with patrons of their art, along with actors from the theaters of Dotonbori."]
[8825,"大阪府","公益財団法人大阪観光局","社会","大阪の陣","おおさかのじん","Siege of Osaka","多くの記録は残っていませんが、この地域は1615年の大坂の陣で亡くなった道頓にちなんで名づけられたようです。","Records are sparse, but it seems that the development was named in tribute to Doton after he died in the 1615 Siege of Osaka."]
[8826,"長崎県","「国境の島」多言語解説協議会","時代・歴史組織・団体","一支国","いきこく","kingdom of Iki","紀元前200年頃から350年頃まで、一支国の王都であった原の辻。","Harunotsuji was the capital of the kingdom of Iki from around 200 BCE to 350 CE."]
[8827,"長崎県","「国境の島」多言語解説協議会","書物","魏志倭人伝","ぎしわじんでん","Book of Wei","常設展ではまず、3世紀の中国の歴史書『三国志』の一部である『魏志倭人伝』のテキストに焦点を当てた没入型の展示が行われる。","The permanent exhibition begins with an immersive display highlighting the text of the Book of Wei, part of the third-century Chinese historical text Records of the Three Kingdoms."]
[8828,"長崎県","「国境の島」多言語解説協議会","書物","三国志","さんごくし","Records of the Three Kingdoms","常設展ではまず、3世紀の中国の歴史書『三国志』の一部である『魏志倭人伝』のテキストに焦点を当てた没入型の展示が行われる。","The permanent exhibition begins with an immersive display highlighting the text of the Book of Wei, part of the third-century Chinese historical text Records of the Three Kingdoms."]
[8829,"長崎県","「国境の島」多言語解説協議会","乗物","準構造船","じゅんこうぞうせん","semi-composite boat","また、波除けのために両側に板を垂直に取り付けた準構造船と呼ばれる船の模型も展示されている。","There is a full-sized reproduction of a semi-composite boat, which is a dugout with vertically attached planking on each side for protection against waves."]
[8830,"長崎県","「国境の島」多言語解説協議会","史跡","古墳","こふん","kofun burial mound","壱岐の地には古墳が点在している。","The landscape of Iki is dotted with kofun burial mounds."]
[8831,"長崎県","「国境の島」多言語解説協議会","工芸・美術","剣の柄","けん（つるぎ）のつか","sword pommel","また、大和政権の武将のものと考えられるものとして、鳳凰をかたどった金銅製の剣の柄が注目される。","Another notable artifact that could have belonged to a Yamato commander is a gilt-bronze sword pommel decorated with the likeness of a ho-o (fenghuang), the mythological East Asian phoenix. "]
[8832,"長崎県","「国境の島」多言語解説協議会","工芸・美術","彩陶碗","さいとうわん","painted ceramic cup","双六古墳から出土した中国北斉の彩陶碗などは、当時としては大変貴重なものであった。","Artifacts such as a painted ceramic cup from the Chinese state of Northern Qi (550–577), discovered in the Soroku kofun, was an item of enormous value at the time."]
[8833,"長崎県","「国境の島」多言語解説協議会","史跡","烽火","のろし","smoke beacon","7世紀には、対馬から壱岐、そして九州へと外敵の脅威を知らせる信号が送られる「烽火」が設置されたと考えられている。","It is thought to have been the location of an ancient smoke beacon, part of a network established in the seventh century to send signals warning of impending foreign threats from Tsushima to Iki and on to Kyushu."]
[8834,"長崎県","「国境の島」多言語解説協議会","時代・歴史組織・団体","松浦党","まつうらとう","Matsuura Band","戦国武将が日本の支配権を争っていた16世紀半ば、九州北西部を拠点に、武士であり、商人・海賊でもあった松浦党が活動していた。","In the tumultuous mid-sixteenth century, when rival warlords fought for control throughout Japan, a group of samurai merchants and pirates known as the Matsuura Band operated out of northwestern Kyushu."]
[8835,"長崎県","「国境の島」多言語解説協議会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","本丸","ほんまる","main compound","本丸は150×100メートルの平坦な土地で、三重の土塁と二重の空堀で守られていた。","Its main compound, a flattened 150-by-100-meter area, was protected by three layers of earthworks and a double dry moat."]
[8836,"長崎県","「国境の島」多言語解説協議会","乗物","伝馬船","てんません","traditional-style rowboat","干潮時に海から現れる砂州を伝って行くことができる小島にあり、満潮時は伝馬船で島を一周することができる。","It is located on a small island reachable via a sandbank that emerges from the sea at low tide or in a traditional-style rowboat when the tide is in."]
[8837,"長崎県","「国境の島」多言語解説協議会","書物","延喜式","えんぎしき","Engishiki","10世紀に朝廷が作成した、法の施行細則をまとめた、そして当時の日本全国の神社が列挙されている「延喜式」には、壱岐にある100以上の神社のうち20数社が記載されている。","Some two dozen of the more than 100 shrines on Iki are mentioned in the tenth-century Engishiki, a compilation of regulations and procedures produced by the imperial court that also listed all the significant shrines in Japan at the time."]
[8838,"長崎県","「国境の島」多言語解説協議会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","金田城","かねだじょう","Kaneda Fort","日本への侵攻が実現する前に唐・新羅同盟は崩壊し、金田城の存在意義は失われた。","The Tang–Silla alliance fell apart before any invasion of Japan could be carried out, and Kaneda Fort lost its significance.","※金田城のような古代山城の場合、「castle」より「fort」の方が実態を表す単語として適切であるとされています。"]
[8839,"長崎県","「国境の島」多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","菩提寺","菩提寺","ancestral temple","万松院は、13世紀から19世紀後半まで対馬の領主であった宗家の菩提寺である。","The So family were lords of Tsushima from the thirteenth century until the late nineteenth century, and Banshoin is their ancestral temple."]
[8840,"長崎県","「国境の島」多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","法号","ほうごう","posthumous honorary name","宗義成（1604-1657）が父・義智（1568-1615）を偲び、義智の法号をとって万松院と名付け、創建した。","In that year, So Yoshinari (1604–1657) founded the temple in memory of his father Yoshitoshi (1568–1615), naming it Banshoin after Yoshitoshi’s posthumous honorary name."]
[8841,"長崎県","「国境の島」多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","仁王","におう","Nio guardian king","万松院は、赤い山門の横を通って入ることになっており、門内には魔除けや寺の守護神として信仰されている仁王像が2体立っている。","Banshoin is entered via a path that passes by the temple’s red main gate, flanked by a pair of statues of Nio guardian kings believed to ward off evil and protect the temple from harm."]
[8842,"長崎県","「国境の島」多言語解説協議会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","曲輪","くるわ","enclosure","山の尾根に沿った2カ所と標高206メートルの山頂に1カ所、計3カ所の平坦な曲輪と、それらをつなぐ全長約500メートルに及ぶ廊下のような部分からなる。","It consisted of three enclosures built on flattened terraces—two along the mountain’s ridge and one on the 206-meter-high summit—and a connecting corridor that spanned a length of 500 meters."]
[8843,"長崎県","「国境の島」多言語解説協議会","時代・歴史組織・団体","朝鮮通信使","ちょうせんつうしんし","Korean mission to the Tokugawa shogunate","毎年8月に厳原で行われる「港まつり」では、朝鮮通信使を再現したイベントが開催される。","A reenactment of a Korean mission to the Tokugawa shogunate is held in Izuhara every August during the Minato Matsuri festival."]
[8844,"長崎県","「国境の島」多言語解説協議会","工芸・美術","鉾","ほこ","ceremonial bronze spearhead (hoko)","また、1～2世紀の祭祀に用いられたとされる青銅製の「鉾」など、実際に手に触れることができる複製品もある。","Some reproductions of the items can be touched, including ceremonial bronze spearheads (hoko) thought to have been used in rituals in the first and second centuries."]
[8845,"長崎県","「国境の島」多言語解説協議会","書物","毎日記","まいにちき","Mainichiki","江戸時代全般にわたる約8万点の資料の中には、藩の書役たちが対馬の出来事を日記風に記録した「毎日記」も含まれており、対馬の数世紀にわたる生活を知る手がかりとなっている。","The trove of some 80,000 items covers the entire Edo period and includes the So Mainichiki, a diary-like record of events on Tsushima kept by the domain’s scriveners that provides historians with a window onto centuries of life on the island."]
[8846,"長崎県","「国境の島」多言語解説協議会","動物","ツシマヤマネコ","ツシマヤマネコ","Tsushima leopard cat","絶滅の危機に瀕しているツシマヤマネコは大陸ヤマネコの亜種で、対馬の固有種である。","The Tsushima leopard cat is an endangered subspecies of the continental leopard cat that is endemic to the island."]
[8847,"長崎県","「国境の島」多言語解説協議会","植物","ヒトツバタゴ","ひとつばたご","Chinese fringetree (Chionanthus retusus)","ヒトツバタゴ（Chionanthus retusus）は、羽のような白い花を咲かせる低木で、5月上旬に鰐浦周辺の山一面に咲く。","The Chinese fringetree (Chionanthus retusus) is a shrub with featherlike white flower heads that blooms throughout the hills around Waniura in early May."]
[8848,"長崎県","「国境の島」多言語解説協議会","海岸・岬","三井楽の島","みみらくのしま","Mimiraku Peninsula","五島列島の最西端に位置する福江島の北西部分・三井楽の島は、8世紀から9世紀にかけて多くの遣唐使の最終経由地であった。","The Mimiraku Peninsula on the northwestern end of Fukue Island, the outermost of Goto’s main islands, was the final staging ground for many of the Japanese envoys who traveled to Tang China between the eighth and ninth centuries."]
[8849,"長崎県","「国境の島」多言語解説協議会","書物","かげろう日記","かげろうにっき","Kagero nikki","10世紀の『かげろう日記』に収録された歌には、死後の世界とあの世の狭間である「みみらく」で、いつか亡き母に会えるようにと祈る作者の姿がある。","In a poem included in the tenth-century Kagero nikki (The Mayfly Diary; published in translation as The Gossamer Years), the author prays to one day meet her dead mother at mimiraku, a place between the mortal world and the afterlife."]
[8850,"長崎県","「国境の島」多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","天女","てんにょ","tennyo","天井の四隅には、死者を極楽浄土に導く天使のような存在である天女が描かれている。","The ceiling’s four corners bear images of tennyo, celestial beings that lead the dead to paradise."]
[8851,"長崎県","「国境の島」多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","五輪塔","ごりんとう","gorinto","一般的な形の一つである五輪塔は、仏教で宇宙を構成する五大元素を象徴する五つの部分からなる塔のことである。","One common style of pagoda is the gorinto, a five-part structure in which each differently shaped part symbolizes one of the five elements that in Buddhism constitute the cosmos."]
[8852,"長崎県","「国境の島」多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","宝篋印塔","ほうきょういんとう","hokyo-into","また「宝篋印塔」という、塔の上に階段状のピラミッドを乗せ、その上に尖ったフィニアルを乗せたものもよく見かけるものである。","Another frequently seen type is the hokyo-into, a tower-like construction crowned by a stepped pyramid with a pointed finial on top."]
[8853,"長崎県","「国境の島」多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","山王信仰","さんのうしんこう","Sanno faith","やがて、山王山は天台宗の開祖である最澄（767-822）の教えを受け継ぐ山王信仰と結びついた。","At some point the mountain came to be associated with the syncretic Sanno faith that draws on the teachings of the Buddhist priest Saicho (767–822), the founder of the Tendai school of Buddhism."]
[8854,"長崎県","「国境の島」多言語解説協議会","時代・歴史組織・団体","遣唐使","けんとうし","kentoshi","遣唐使は外交・通商関係を深めるだけでなく、中国の政治・経済・文化・宗教を学ぶ役割を担っていた。","In addition to cultivating diplomatic and commercial ties, the envoys on these missions, known as kentoshi, were tasked with studying Chinese government, economy, culture, and religion."]
[8855,"熊本県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）国立公園満喫プロジェクト阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","史跡","荘園","しょうえん","agricultural estate (shoen)","九州の行政の中心であった、現在の福岡の近くに位置する大宰府は現在の菊池地方である場所に荘園をもっており、則隆はその荘園を治めるため、1070年にこの地におもむいた。","In 1070, Noritaka’s superiors at Dazaifu, the administrative center of Kyushu near what is now the city of Fukuoka, appointed him to oversee an agricultural estate (shoen) owned by the court in what is now the Kikuchi district. "]
[8856,"熊本県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）国立公園満喫プロジェクト阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","松囃子","まつばやし","matsubayashi","松囃子（まつばやし）と呼ばれる新年の祝賀行事は、歌や太鼓、笛に合わせて踊る、貴族が鑑賞する芸能で、現在も続く伝統行事となった。","A celebratory New Year’s performance called matsubayashi—modeled on performing arts enjoyed by the aristocracy, with dancing accompanied by singing, drums, and flutes—inaugurated a tradition that survives today. "]
[8857,"熊本県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）国立公園満喫プロジェクト阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","植物","ムク","むく","muku (Aphananthe aspera)","菊池市の中心部にあるムクの巨木の前に設けられた舞台では、650年以上前から、皇子が見た演目の再現が毎年行われている。","For more than 650 years, the entertainments witnessed by the prince have been reenacted annually on a stage in front of a giant muku (Aphananthe aspera) tree in central Kikuchi."]
[8858,"熊本県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）国立公園満喫プロジェクト阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","岩石・洞窟","溶結凝灰岩","ようけつぎょうかいがん","welded tuff","この噴出物は、主に高温で厚く堆積した火山灰であったため、着地時に溶融し、溶結凝灰岩と呼ばれる岩石に変化した。","This matter—mainly hot, thick ash—solidified, forming a type of rock called welded tuff."]
[8859,"熊本県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）国立公園満喫プロジェクト阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","岩石・洞窟","柱状節理","ちゅうじょうせつり","columnar joint","この冷却が進むと、ひび割れが深くなり、柱状節理が形成される。","As this cooling progresses, the cracks deepen and form columnar joints."]
[8860,"熊本県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）国立公園満喫プロジェクト阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","山岳","阿蘇山カルデラの外輪山","あそさんかるでらのがいりんざん","Mt. Aso caldera's outer rim","菊池川は、阿蘇山カルデラの外輪山北西部の山頂に近い、標高800m以上の高地で形成されている。","The Kikuchi River takes shape over 800 meters above sea level, near the northwestern ridge of the Mt. Aso caldera’s outer rim."]
[8861,"熊本県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）国立公園満喫プロジェクト阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","岩石・洞窟","垂直割れ目","すいちょくわれめ","vertical fissure","噴火による高温の物質と低温の空気との相互作用によって、垂直割れ目ができている。","The volcanic rock in the gorge contains vertical fissures that were caused by extremely hot matter from a volcanic eruption interacting with cool air."]
[8862,"熊本県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）国立公園満喫プロジェクト阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","動物","ムササビ","むささび","Japanese giant flying squirrel (musasabi)","伐採されることなく残ったこの木は川の上に高くそびえ立ち、ムササビの生息地にもなっている。","Left standing, the trees now tower high above the river and provide a habitat for the Japanese giant flying squirrel (musasabi)."]
[8863,"熊本県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）国立公園満喫プロジェクト阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","植物","キツネノカミソリ","きつねのかみそり","kitsune no kamisori","この辺りからより長い散策路を登っていくと、ケヤキやカエデの木陰に「キツネノカミソリ」（Lycoris sanguinea）と呼ばれる彼岸花の一種が生えている。","Uphill from here along the longer walking path, in the shade provided by zelkova and maple trees, grows a type of spider lily known as kitsune no kamisori—literally, “Fox’s razor” (Lycoris sanguinea)."]
[8864,"熊本県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）国立公園満喫プロジェクト阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","天狗","てんぐ","tengu","かつて天狗滝は、天狗が生息するのに最適な環境とされる鬱蒼とした藪に覆われ、ほとんど見えなかった。","In the past, Tengu Falls was largely obscured by a dense thicket—a habitat believed to be ideal for the legendary tengu."]
[8865,"熊本県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）国立公園満喫プロジェクト阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","修験道","しゅげんどう","Shugendo","数百年前、この滝は修験道の信者が精神修養のために長期間、大自然にこもるための修行場の一部であったと考えられている。","Centuries ago, the falls are thought to have been part of a training ground for devotees of the syncretic religious tradition of Shugendo, who would retreat into the wilderness for long periods in pursuit of spiritual discipline."]
[8866,"熊本県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）国立公園満喫プロジェクト阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","その他","石","こく","koku","滝の名前は、1日に流れる平均水量が43万石（7万8千トン）であることに由来しているとされる。","The falls gets its name from the average amount of water flowing through it in a single day: 430,000 koku, equivalent to 78,000 metric tons. "]
[8867,"熊本県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）国立公園満喫プロジェクト阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","植物","カヤ","かや","Japanese torreya (kaya; Torreya nucifera)","このあたりの山肌には、暖かい下流域にはない冷涼な気候を好むモミやカヤ（Torreya nucifera）などの針葉樹が生育しているのが見える。","Firs, Japanese torreya (kaya; Torreya nucifera), and other conifer trees that require a cool climate and are thus absent in the warmer lower reaches of the gorge, can be seen growing on the mountainside around here."]
[8868,"熊本県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）国立公園満喫プロジェクト阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","植物","ケヤキ","けやき","zelkova (keyaki)","このケヤキの太い根が、巨人の指のように下の巨岩にしがみつく。","The thick roots of this zelkova (keyaki) tree cling to the massive boulder underneath like a giant’s fingers. "]
[8869,"熊本県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）国立公園満喫プロジェクト阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","植物","カワノリ","かわのり","kawanori","また、橋の上流側では、カワノリの緑色の枝が見えることがある。","Also occasionally visible from the bridge, particularly in the upstream direction, are green tufts of kawanori, a type of edible algae that grows in rivers."]
[8870,"熊本県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）国立公園満喫プロジェクト阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","人物・人名・役職名","熊本藩の大名","くまもとはんのだいみょう","daimyo lord of the Kumamoto domain","江戸時代には、熊本藩の大名が将軍へ地元のカワノリを献上していたという。","The daimyo lord of the Kumamoto domain would present local kawanori as a gift to the shogun during the Edo period (1603–1867)."]
[8871,"熊本県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）国立公園満喫プロジェクト阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","河川・渓谷","紅葉ヶ瀬","もみじがせ","Momijigase","紅葉ヶ瀬は、菊池渓谷の中でも特に静寂と陰影に満ちた場所だ。","Momijigase (“maple shallows”) is a tranquil and shaded section of Kikuchi Gorge.","※紅葉ヶ瀬の読み方と同様、名前の説明も間違いやすい（rapidsではなくshallows）ため、掲載しております。"]
[8872,"熊本県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）国立公園満喫プロジェクト阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","植物","ヤブニッケイ","やぶにっけい","Japanese cinnamon (yabunikkei; Cinnamomum yabunikkei)","濃い緑色の葉は香りがよく、光沢があり、3本の葉脈が特徴的なヤブニッケイ（Cinnamomum yabunikkei）が見られる。","Common trees in this zone include the Japanese cinnamon (yabunikkei; Cinnamomum yabunikkei), whose dark-green leaves are fragrant and glossy with three distinctive veins."]
[8873,"熊本県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）国立公園満喫プロジェクト阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","植物","ウラジロガシ","うらじろがし","urajiro-gashi (“white back”) ring-cupped oak (Quercus salicina)","硬い革質の葉の裏側が白っぽいことからその名がついたウラジロガシ（Quercus salicina）。","The urajiro-gashi (“white back”) ring-cupped oak (Quercus salicina), so named because its thick, leathery leaves are whitish on the back side."]
[8874,"熊本県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）国立公園満喫プロジェクト阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","植物","イスノキ","いすのき","isunoki witch hazel (Distylium racemosum)","3月から4月に赤い無花果の花を群がりで咲かせるイスノキ（Distylium racemosum）。","The isunoki witch hazel (Distylium racemosum), whose tiny red, petalless flowers bloom in dense clusters from March to April."]
[8875,"熊本県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）国立公園満喫プロジェクト阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","植物","ツガ","つが","southern Japanese hemlock (tsuga; Tsuga sieboldii)","観賞用として人気の高い、外側の枝に赤褐色の小さな球果ができるツガ（Tsuga sieboldii）。","The southern Japanese hemlock (tsuga; Tsuga sieboldii), a popular ornamental tree that bears small reddish-brown cones on its outer branches."]
[8876,"熊本県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）国立公園満喫プロジェクト阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","植物","イヌシデ","いぬしで","inushide (Carpinus tschonoskii)","イヌシデ（Carpinus tschonoskii）という落葉広葉樹も生える。","A deciduous tree known as inushide (Carpinus tschonoskii) also grows here."]
[8877,"熊本県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）国立公園満喫プロジェクト阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","植物","ミズナラ","みずなら","mizunara oak (Quercus crispula)","ブナやミズナラ（Quercus crispula）などの落葉樹は、平均気温が暖帯よりかなり低い山の上で見られる。","Deciduous trees such as beeches and the mizunara oak (Quercus crispula) appear even higher up the mountain"]
[8878,"熊本県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）国立公園満喫プロジェクト阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","植物","キヨスミイトゴケ","きよすみいとごけ","kiyosumi-ito moss (Barbella flagellifera)","渓流沿いの湿潤な環境に生育し、渓谷内の木の枝や岩に20cmほどの大きさになる糸状の鮮やかな緑色のキヨスミイトゴケ（Barbella flagellifera）や、湿った岩を好み、タバコ葉に似た大きな葉を持つイワタバコ（Conandron ramondioides）などが散策路でよく目にすることができる。","Two plants readily visible along the walking paths are the thread-like bright-green kiyosumi-ito moss (Barbella flagellifera), which thrives in the wet and humid conditions near the river and hangs down as much as 20 centimeters from tree branches and rocks throughout the gorge, and the iwatabako (“rock tobacco”; Conandron ramondioides), a species with large, tobacco-like leaves that flourishes on damp rocks."]
[8879,"熊本県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）国立公園満喫プロジェクト阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","植物","イワタバコ","いわたばこ","iwatabako (“rock tobacco”; Conandron ramondioides)","渓流沿いの湿潤な環境に生育し、渓谷内の木の枝や岩に20cmほどの大きさになる糸状の鮮やかな緑色のキヨスミイトゴケ（Barbella flagellifera）や、湿った岩を好み、タバコ葉に似た大きな葉を持つイワタバコ（Conandron ramondioides）などが散策路でよく目にすることができる。","Two plants readily visible along the walking paths are the thread-like bright-green kiyosumi-ito moss (Barbella flagellifera), which thrives in the wet and humid conditions near the river and hangs down as much as 20 centimeters from tree branches and rocks throughout the gorge, and the iwatabako (“rock tobacco”; Conandron ramondioides), a species with large, tobacco-like leaves that flourishes on damp rocks."]
[8880,"熊本県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）国立公園満喫プロジェクト阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","動物","ヤマネ","やまね"," yamane dormouse (Glirulus japonicus)","夜行性のヤマネ（Glirulus japonicus）は、体長6.5～8cm、尾は5cmほどで太くフサフサしている。","The nocturnal yamane dormouse (Glirulus japonicus) grows to be 6.5 to 8 centimeters long and has a thick and fuzzy tail around 5 centimeters in length."]
[8881,"熊本県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）国立公園満喫プロジェクト阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","動物","カワネズミ","かわねずみ","kawanezumi water shrew (Chimarrogale platycephalus)","カワネズミ（Chimarrogale platycephalus）は日本に生息する陸生哺乳類の中で唯一、淡水域の水中生活に適している。","The kawanezumi water shrew (Chimarrogale platycephalus) is the only land mammal in Japan that gets its prey mainly from freshwater sources."]
[8882,"熊本県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）国立公園満喫プロジェクト阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","動物","チクシブチサンショウウオ","ちくしぶちさんしょううお","Hynobius oyamai salamander (chikushibuchi sanshouo)","チクシブチサンショウウオ（Hynobius oyamai）は、渓谷の林床や清流に棲息する。","The Hynobius oyamai salamander (chikushibuchi sanshouo) dwells on the forest floor and in clear streams throughout the gorge."]
[8883,"熊本県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）国立公園満喫プロジェクト阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","動物","タゴガエル","たごがえる","tago frog (tagogaeru; Rana tagoi)","菊池渓谷で最もよく見られるカエルは、黒褐色のタゴガエル（Rana tagoi）である。","The dark-brown tago frog (tagogaeru; Rana tagoi) is the most common frog in Kikuchi Gorge."]
[8884,"熊本県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）国立公園満喫プロジェクト阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","動物","ニホンヒキガエル","にほんひきがえる","common toad (Nihon hikigaeru; Bufo japonicus)","体長18cmにもなる日本最大のカエル・ニホンヒキガエル（Bufo japonicus）もよく見られる。","Another frequent sight in the gorge is the local species of common toad (Nihon hikigaeru; Bufo japonicus), which can grow up to 18 centimeters long, making it the largest frog in Japan. "]
[8885,"熊本県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）国立公園満喫プロジェクト阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","動物","カジカガエル","かじかがえる","kajika frog (kajikagaeru; Buergeria buergeri)","一方で、カジカガエル（Buergeria buergeri）というメロディアスな鳴き声が特徴的なカエルはなかなかお目にかかれない。","Less easy to find is the kajika frog (kajikagaeru; Buergeria buergeri), which is noted for its melodic cry. "]
[8886,"熊本県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）国立公園満喫プロジェクト阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","動物","アカハライモリ","あかはらいもり","akahara fire belly newt (akaharaimori; Cynops pyrrhogaster)","落ち葉が堆積した湿った林床には、アカハライモリ（Cynops pyrrhogaster）とタカチホヘビ（Achalinus spinalis）が生息している。","Two noteworthy residents of the damp forest floor, which is covered with decomposing fallen leaves, are the akahara fire belly newt (akaharaimori; Cynops pyrrhogaster) and the takachiho odd-scaled snake (takachihohebi; Achalinus spinalis)."]
[8887,"熊本県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）国立公園満喫プロジェクト阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","動物","タカチホヘビ","たかちほへび","takachiho odd-scaled snake (takachihohebi; Achalinus spinalis)","落ち葉が堆積した湿った林床には、アカハライモリ（Cynops pyrrhogaster）とタカチホヘビ（Achalinus spinalis）が生息している。","Two noteworthy residents of the damp forest floor, which is covered with decomposing fallen leaves, are the akahara fire belly newt (akaharaimori; Cynops pyrrhogaster) and the takachiho odd-scaled snake (takachihohebi; Achalinus spinalis)."]
[8888,"熊本県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）国立公園満喫プロジェクト阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","動物","キセキレイ","きせきれい","gray wagtail (kisekirei)","水辺では、背中が灰色で腹部が鮮やかなレモンイエローのキセキレイや、体長40cmほどで頭に尖った羽を持つ白黒のヤマセミもよく見かけられる。","Often seen close to the water are the gray wagtail (kisekirei), whose back is gray and belly a bright lemon yellow, and the black and white crested kingfisher (yamasemi), which grows up to 40 centimeters long and sports a prominent spiky crest on its head. "]
[8889,"熊本県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）国立公園満喫プロジェクト阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","動物","ヤマセミ","やませみ","crested kingfisher (yamasemi)","水辺では、背中が灰色で腹部が鮮やかなレモンイエローのキセキレイや、体長40cmほどで頭に尖った羽を持つ白黒のヤマセミもよく見かけられる。","Often seen close to the water are the gray wagtail (kisekirei), whose back is gray and belly a bright lemon yellow, and the black and white crested kingfisher (yamasemi), which grows up to 40 centimeters long and sports a prominent spiky crest on its head. "]
[8890,"熊本県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）国立公園満喫プロジェクト阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","動物","クマタカ","くまたか","mountain hawk-eagle (kumataka)","渓谷の上流には、翼を広げると175cmにもなる堂々とした黒褐色の猛禽類、クマタカが生息している。","The upper end of the gorge is the domain of the mountain hawk-eagle (kumataka), an imposing dark-brown raptor with a wingspan of up to 175 centimeters."]
[8891,"熊本県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）国立公園満喫プロジェクト阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","動物","オオルリ","おおるり","blue-and-white flycatcher (oruri)","春から夏にかけては渡り鳥が渓谷に現れ、東南アジアから渡ってくる色鮮やかなオオルリの鳴き声が渓谷全体に響き渡る。","These permanent residents are joined by a variety of migratory birds in late spring and summer, when the song of the vividly colored blue-and-white flycatcher (oruri), traveling from Southeast Asia, can be heard throughout the gorge."]
[8892,"熊本県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）国立公園満喫プロジェクト阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","動物","ホトトギス","ほととぎす","lesser cuckoo (hototogisu)","夏に菊池渓谷にやってくるより大きい鳴鳥はホトトギス。","A larger songbird that also journeys to Kikuchi Gorge in summer is the lesser cuckoo (hototogisu)."]
[8893,"熊本県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）国立公園満喫プロジェクト阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","動物","ヤマドリ","やまどり","copper pheasant (yamadori)","裸木の間にヤマドリがちらほらと見えることもある。","The copper pheasant (yamadori) may also be glimpsed between the bare trees. "]
[8894,"熊本県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）国立公園満喫プロジェクト阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","動物","ヤマメ","やまめ","yamame (landlocked masu salmon)","ヤマメは泳ぎが速く、体長35cmにもなるサクラマスの陸封型である。","The yamame (landlocked masu salmon) is a fast swimmer that can grow up to 35 centimeters long. "]
[8895,"熊本県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）国立公園満喫プロジェクト阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","動物","タカハヤ","たかはや","takahaya (upstream fat minnow)","ヤマメに比べ、タカハヤはかなり小型で、渓谷ではやや多く見られる。","Compared to the yamame, the takahaya (upstream fat minnow) is significantly smaller and somewhat more common in the gorge. "]
[8896,"熊本県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）国立公園満喫プロジェクト阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","郷土景観","井手","いで","ide irrigation canal","17世紀以降、山間部や乾燥した土地に水を運ぶための用水路・井手が整備され、水田化が進み、農業の効率と規模はさらに拡大した。","From the seventeenth century onward, the efficacy and extent of farming received a further boost from the construction of ide irrigation canals, built to carry water across dry or mountainous terrain so that more land could be converted into paddy fields."]
[8897,"熊本県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）国立公園満喫プロジェクト阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","社会","町","ちょう","cho","畝や溝を利用して、田畑を一辺109メートルの「町」と呼ばれる約1ヘクタールの区画に分割した。","Using ridges and ditches, fields were split into approximately 1-hectare plots called cho, measuring 109 meters on each side.","※古代区画割の「町」を指しています。"]
[8898,"熊本県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）国立公園満喫プロジェクト阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","史跡","富田式暗渠排水技術","とみたしきあんきょはいすいぎじゅつ","Tomita System","改良を続けた結果、1903年に「富田式暗渠排水技術」を完成させたのである。","Tomita continued to improve his system, and in 1903 he perfected a sophisticated underdrainage technique that came to be known as the Tomita System."]
[8899,"熊本県","（阿蘇くじゅう国立公園）国立公園満喫プロジェクト阿蘇くじゅう国立公園地域協議会","食","赤酒","あかざけ","akazake","数百年の間、ここで作られた唯一の酒は赤酒という甘みのあるものだった。赤酒は、発酵中に雑菌の繁殖を抑え、酒の鮮度を保つために炭を入れるので、赤褐色になるのである。","For hundreds of years, the only sake brewed here was a sweet variety called akazake (red sake), which gets its reddish-brown color from the charcoal that is added to the brew during fermentation to suppress the growth of bacteria and prolong the sake’s freshness.","※表記に加え、「赤酒とは」の一般的な説明も掲載しております。"]
[8900,"熊本県","人吉市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","食","地理的表示","ちりてきひょうじ","Geographical Indication (GI)","この地域の蔵元は、米焼酎の蒸留という豊かな伝統を受け継いでおり、「球磨焼酎」を作っています。球磨焼酎は、「地理的表示」で保護されている単式蒸留の銘柄です。","Distilleries in the area carry on rich traditions of rice shochu distillation to produce Kuma Shochu, a single-distillation brand protected by a Geographical Indication (GI). "]
[8901,"熊本県","人吉市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","その他","縮図","しゅくず","microcosm","人吉・球磨は、古代の埋葬習慣がわかる遺跡から、武家の盛衰を伝えるものまで、近代以前の日本史の縮図が分かるエリアです。","Hitoyoshi Kuma is a microcosm of pre-modern Japanese history, ranging from sites that reveal ancient burial practices, to those that tell the story of the rise and fall of the samurai class."]
[8902,"熊本県","人吉市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","石の城壁","いしのじょうへき","stone rampart","16世紀からそのまま残っている石でできた城壁、再建された胸壁、狭間胸壁、門などは、人吉城（1589–1871年）の当時の雰囲気を伝えています。","The stone ramparts with original sections from the late sixteenth century, and the reconstructed parapets, battlements, and gates convey a sense of Hitoyoshi Castle as it appeared between 1589 and 1871. "]
[8903,"熊本県","人吉市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","書物","二十四孝","にじゅうしこう","Twenty-Four Exemplars of Filial Piety ","各殿と楼門の欄間の彫刻には、儒教的な一連の教えである「二十四孝」が描かれています。","The transoms of the halls and the romon gate are carved with images of the Twenty-Four Exemplars of Filial Piety from Confucian teachings."]
[8904,"熊本県","人吉市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","植物","蓮の花","はすのはな","lotus flower","観音像は、蓮の花の上に立ち、凝った装飾の頭飾りを付けています。","The statue depicts the deity standing on a lotus flower and wearing an ornate headdress. "]
[8905,"熊本県","人吉市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","社会","西南戦争","せいなんせんそう","Satsuma Rebellion ","本殿には、西南戦争時の埋蔵品の一部が展示されています。","Artifacts from the Satsuma Rebellion are displayed in the Main Hall."]
[8906,"熊本県","人吉市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","四天王","してんのう","Four Heavenly Kings","千手観音、観音様を取り囲む四天王、そしてそれらが納められている本殿は、指定文化財となっています。","The Thousand-Armed Kannon, the Four Heavenly Kings that surround Kannon, and the hall itself are Designated Cultural Properties."]
[8907,"熊本県","人吉市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","社会","春分","しゅんぶん","spring equinox","春には春分の日に、そして秋には秋分の日を含む7日間にわたって行われます。","It is held on the day of the spring equinox and for seven days over the autumn equinox. "]
[8908,"熊本県","人吉市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","レジャー・アクティビティ","キャニオニング","きゃにおにんぐ","canyoning","時は移り変わり、球磨川は、ラフティングからカヌーまで、レクリエーション・アクティビティの目的地へと発展していきました。","Over time, the river has become a destination for recreational activities, from rafting to canyoning. "]
[8909,"熊本県","人吉市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","食","蔵元","くらもと","distiller","他の蔵元が江戸時代（1603-1867年）終わり頃により手ごろな原料への切り替えを行っていく中、人吉・球磨エリアの蔵元は米の使用を続けました。","They continued to use rice when other distillers were switching to more affordable alternatives in the late Edo period (1603–1867)."]
[8910,"熊本県","人吉市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","食","蒸留","じょうりゅう","distillation","これらの蔵元では、米焼酎蒸留の豊かな伝統と新技術や革新を融合させることで、単式蒸留の幅広い高級焼酎を生み出しています。 ","These distilleries combine the rich traditions of rice shochu distillation with new techniques and innovations to create a wide range of single-distilled, premium shochu. "]
[8911,"熊本県","人吉市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","工芸・美術","鍛冶屋","かじや","blacksmith","農業用のくわ、かま、大鎌や、林業用のなた、おの、金槌などは、人吉の鍛冶屋がつくるものの中でも最も一般的な道具でした。","Hoes, sickles, and scythes for farming, as well as machetes, axes, and sledgehammers for forestry, were among some of the most common tools forged by Hitoyoshi blacksmiths."]
[8912,"熊本県","人吉市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","植物","牡丹","ぼたん","peony","牡丹に囲まれて戯れる神話上の獅子の彫刻、雲から現れる龍の彫刻、また藤や他の花々を繊細に表した彫刻とともに、儒教の教えが描かれています。","They appear alongside carvings of mythical lions frolicking among peonies, dragons emerging from clouds, and delicate renderings of wisteria and other blossoms. "]
[8913,"熊本県","人吉市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","史跡","玄室","げんしつ","burial chambers","人吉駅裏にある大村遺跡群には、26基の玄室が崖面に彫られています。","Twenty-six burial chambers are carved into a cliff at the Omura archaeological site behind Hitoyoshi Station. "]
[8914,"熊本県","人吉市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","温泉","アルカリ性","あるかりせい","alkaline","この辺りの湧き水は弱アルカリ性で炭酸塩を含んでいる場合があり、お肌をすべすべにしてくれると言われています。","The water from these springs tends to be slightly alkaline and may contain carbonates, which is a combination said to leave the skin feeling silky smooth. "]
[8915,"熊本県","人吉市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","球磨神楽","くまかぐら","Kuma Kagura","この祭りの間に行われる儀式には、神幸行列や球磨神楽があります。球磨神楽とは、神々に祈って捧げられる神楽踊りの、地域的な一形態です。","Rituals performed over the course of the festival include ceremonial processions and Kuma Kagura, a regional form of kagura dance offered in worship to the deities."]
[8916,"熊本県","人吉市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","社会","寛政の改革","かんせいのかいかく","Kansei Reforms","このカルタ遊びは、賭けに使われる可能性があったため、18世紀末に行われた一連の保守施策 (寛政の改革) のもと、幕府により禁止されました。","It was outlawed under a series of conservative measures (the Kansei Reforms) implemented in the late eighteenth century by the Edo shogunate, because the game can be used for gambling. "]
[8917,"熊本県","人吉市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","その他","灌漑システム","かんがいしすてむ","irrigation system","相良藩は、灌漑システムを導入し、川の水をより内陸の田んぼへと引けるようにしました。","The Sagara also commissioned irrigation systems to channel river water to rice fields further inland."]
[8918,"熊本県","人吉市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","その他","反乱","はんらん","uprising","1877年、この住宅は、武士の西郷隆盛 (1828～1877年) が明治政府に対し反乱を起こした際に、西郷を支持した人吉隊の拠点となりました。西南戦争として知られるこの反乱は、失敗に終わりました。","In 1877, the residence served as a base for Hitoyoshi troops supporting samurai Saigo Takamori (1828–1877) in his unsuccessful uprising against the Meiji government, known as the Satsuma Rebellion. "]
[8919,"熊本県","人吉市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","時代・歴史組織・団体","相良家","さがらけ","Sagara family","相良家は、鎌倉の将軍・源実朝 (1192～1219年) によって人吉球磨地方に任じられて以降、700年間近く人吉地方を統治し続けました。","The Sagara family ruled the Hitoyoshi Kuma region continuously for nearly 700 years after being appointed to govern Hitoyoshi by the Kamakura shogun Minamoto no Sanetomo (1192–1219). "]
[8920,"熊本県","人吉市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","神社・寺院・協会","相良三十三観音めぐり","さがらさんじゅうさんかんのんめぐり","Sagara 33 Kannon Pilgrimage","この地域では、文化を保護する強力な伝統が発展しました。この伝統の証拠となるのは、文化財の量と質であり、「相良三十三観音めぐり」といった地域社会の伝統です。","A strong tradition of cultural preservation developed in the region and is evidenced by the volume and quality of cultural assets, as well as community-driven traditions such as the Sagara 33 Kannon Pilgrimage."]
[8921,"熊本県","人吉市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","その他","単式蒸留","たんしきじょうりゅう","single-distillation ","米だけを使って単式蒸留機で作られた焼酎です。","It is a single-distillation shochu distilled entirely from rice."]
[8922,"熊本県","人吉市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","その他","ウンスンカルタ","うんすんかるた","Unsun Karuta","鍛冶屋町では、5組み75枚からなるウンスンカルタについて学ぶことができます。","Visitors to Kajiyamachi can learn about Unsun Karuta, a game played with 75 cards across five suits"]
[8923,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","人物・人名・役職名","ノロ","　のろ","noro","神はノロと言う巫女によって年に一度の行事で迎えられる。","The gods are welcomed with annual religious events overseen by priestesses known as noro. "]
[8924,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","山岳","長雲山系","ながくもさんけい","Nagakumo Mountains","奄美自然観察の森は奄美大島の北部にある長雲山系の頂上に位置している。","The Amami Nature Observation Forest sits atop the Nagakumo Mountains, a range in the northern part of the island."]
[8925,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","山岳","湯湾岳","ゆわんだけ","Mt. Yuwandake","奄美大島で最も高い山の湯湾岳は、標高694メートルあり、島の西側に位置する。","Mt. Yuwandake is Amami-Oshima’s tallest mountain, rising 694 meters in the western part of the island."]
[8926,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","山岳","三太郎峠","さんたろうとうげ","Santaro Pass","奄美大島の中央を通る三太郎峠の山岳路は以前、島の北と南を結ぶ幹線道路だった。","The winding mountain road over Santaro Pass in central Amami-Oshima was once part of the main highway that connected the northern and southern halves of the island. "]
[8927,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","自然現象","黒潮","くろしお","Kuroshio current","奄美大島のサンゴ礁は、黒潮の強く早い流れにより発達している。","The development of Amami-Oshima’s reefs is largely due to the Kuroshio current. "]
[8928,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","金作原原生林","きんさくばるげんせいりん","Kinsakubaru National Forest","多種多様な固有の動植物がみられる金作原原生林は、奄美大島における自然の見どころのひとつである。","The Kinsakubaru National Forest is one of the natural highlights of Amami-Oshima, showcasing the wide spectrum of endemic plant and animal life on the island."]
[8929,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","住用マングローブ林","すみようまんぐろーぶりん","Sumiyo Mangrove Forest","奄美大島の南東部の海岸にある、住用マングローブ林は、0.7平方キロメートル（約175エーカー）で、日本で２番目に大きなマングローブ林である。","The Sumiyo Mangrove Forest is Japan’s second-largest mangrove forest, covering 0.7 square kilometers, or about 175 acres, on the southeastern coast of Amami-Oshima. "]
[8930,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","海岸・岬","大瀬海岸","おおせかいがん","Ose Coast","奄美空港のすぐ北に位置し、前田川の河口にある大瀬海岸は、島内屈指のバードウォッチングスポットである。","The Ose Coast, located just north of Amami Airport at the mouth of the Maeda River, is the island’s premier bird-watching site."]
[8931,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","スダジイ","すだじい","chinquapin oak","スダジイの実（またはドングリ）は小さく、通常約1㎝以下である。","The fruit (or nut) of the chinquapin oak is small, usually less than 1 centimeter wide. "]
[8932,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","アマミアラカシ","あまみあらかし","Amami ring-cup oak","東アジア原産で、奄美大島では主にスダジイやアマミアラカシの硬い幹から育っているのがよく見られる。","It is native to most of East Asia, and on Amami-Oshima it is mainly found on the rough trunks of the chinquapin oak and Amami ring-cup oak."]
[8933,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","アオノクマタケラン","あおのくまたけらん","orchid ginger","アオノクマタケランは、夏になると、まっすぐ伸びた茎の頂部にまとまって咲くピンクがかかった白い花をつける。","The orchid ginger blooms in the summer with clusters of pinkish-white flowers that grow on erect stems. "]
[8934,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","月桃","げっとう","shell ginger","月桃の近縁種は台湾から九州南部にかけて見られる。","Varieties of shell ginger are found from Taiwan to southern Kyushu."]
[8935,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","ヒカゲヘゴ","ひかげへご","tree fern","日本最大のシダ植物であるヒカゲヘゴは、奄美大島と近隣の島々の在来種である。","The largest fern species in Japan, the tree fern is native to Amami-Oshima and a few neighboring islands. "]
[8936,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","シマオオタニワタリ","しまおおたにわたり","bird's nest fern","シマオオタニワタリは、岩や樹皮に着生する着生植物である。","The bird's nest fern is what is known as an epiphyte, a plant that grows on rocks or the bark of trees. "]
[8937,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","アマミエビネ","あまみえびね","Amami shrimp orchid","アマミエビネは一時期は島中に生息していたが、森林伐採や盗採によって数を減らし、現在は絶滅危惧種に指定されている。","The Amami shrimp orchid was once common to many places on the island, but has suffered from deforestation and illegal harvesting, and is now classified as an endangered species."]
[8938,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","カクチョウラン","かくちょうらん","crane-top orchid","カクチョウランは最大で1メートルまで成長し、4月から6月にかけて長い花茎の先に複数の花を咲かせる。","The crane-top orchid grows to a height of up to 1 meter, much of it consisting of tall stems that bloom with multiple flowers from April to June."]
[8939,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","フウラン","ふうらん","wind orchid","フウランは日本の固有種であり、本土から琉球諸島に生育する。","The wind orchid is endemic to Japan, found in locations from the mainland to the Ryukyu Islands. "]
[8940,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","カンアオイ（属）","かんあおい","wild ginger","奄美大島はカンアオイ属の種類が豊富で、島内では8種が確認されている。","Amami-Oshima is a treasure trove of wild gingers, with eight known varieties on the island. "]
[8941,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","フジノカンアオイ","ふじのかんあおい","fuji wild ginger","奄美大島に生育するカンアオイ属の中で最もよくみられるフジノカンアオイは、川沿いや山の湿った斜面に自生している。","The most common of the wild gingers that grow here, the fuji wild ginger is found along streams and other moist areas on the lower slopes of the mountains. "]
[8942,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","ミヤビカンアオイ","みやびかんあおい","miyabi wild ginger","ミヤビカンアオイは、ハート型で光沢がなくしばしば斑点の入った濃い緑色または茶色の特徴的な葉をつける。","The miyabi wild ginger has distinctive dull, often splotchy, dark green and brown leaves that are heart-shaped."]
[8943,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","ヤクシマスミレ","やくしますみれ","Yakushima violet ","ヤクシマスミレの開花の最盛期は5月と6月で、花弁の端に紫色の縞が入った小さな白い花を咲かせる。","The peak flowering season of the Yakuishima violet is May and June, when small white petals appear with purple stripes on the lip. "]
[8944,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","アマミスミレ","あまみすみれ","Amami violet","アマミスミレは奄美大島の希少な固有種で、渓流沿いの苔むした岩場に生育する。","The rare Amami violet grows on moss-covered rocks in mountain streams, and is endemic to Amami-Oshima. "]
[8945,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","リュウキュウコスミレ","りゅうきゅうこすみれ","Ryukyu tiny violet ","リュウキュウコスミレは、九州南部から沖縄にかけて広く生育する多年草である。","The Ryukyu tiny violet is a perennial plant with wide distribution from southern Kyushu to Okinawa. "]
[8946,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","ヤクシマツチトリモチ","やくしまつちとりもち","Yakushima birdlime ","ヤクシマツチトリモチは、奄美大島と近隣の数島のみに生育する寄生植物である。","The Yakushima birdlime is a parasitic plant that is endemic to Amami-Oshima and a few other nearby islands."]
[8947,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","ヤッコソウ","やっこうそう","samurai’s footman ","寄生植物であるヤッコソウは、自ら養分をつくり出すための緑の葉を必要としないため、淡い白色の姿をしており、その色は経年とともに濃くなっていく。","As a parasite, the samurai’s footman doesn’t need green leaves to produce its own nutrients, so its color is a pale white that darkens as it ages."]
[8948,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","ガジュマル","がじゅまる","curtain fig","ガジュマルは日本の南部からオーストラリアやインドの亜熱帯地域に多く分布する。","The curtain fig grows mostly in tropical regions from southern Japan to Australia and India."]
[8949,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","アコウ","あこう","sea fig","アコウはアジアの亜熱帯や熱帯地域に多く自生し、数百年もの寿命を持つ。","The sea fig is found in most subtropical and tropical parts of Asia, where it can live to an age of several hundred years."]
[8950,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","シイノトモシビタケ","しいのともしびたけ"," heavenly light mushroom","シイノトモシビタケは乾燥しやすいいため、その寿命はわずか数日である。","The heavenly light mushroom is highly susceptible to dehydration, so its life spans only a few days. "]
[8951,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","オヒルギ","おひるぎ","oriental mangrove","オヒルギは奄美大島などの南の島のマングローブ林に多く群生する。","The oriental mangrove grows in large colonies in mangrove forests on Amami-Oshima and other southern islands. "]
[8952,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","メヒルギ","めひるぎ","oval-leaf mangrove ","メヒルギの樹皮は濃い茶色で、葉は光沢のある鮮やかな緑色をしている。","The bark of the oval-leaf mangrove is dark brown and the leaves are a glossy bright green. "]
[8953,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","サクラツツジ","さくらつつじ","sakura azalea","サクラツツジは奄美大島の標高の高い森林に育つ低木で、道や小川に群生する。","The sakura azalea is a shrub that grows in the forests of Amami-Oshima, often in clusters along roads and streams."]
[8954,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","アマミセイシカ","あまみせいしか","Amami sacred azalea ","アマミセイシカの花は3月から5月にかけて開花し、その香りで昆虫を誘う。","Flowers of the Amami sacred azalea bloom from March to May, and attract insects with their fragrance."]
[8955,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","シシアクチ","ししあくち","Ryukyu marlberry","シシアクチは、樹幹が直径5cmに達することはほとんどないが、その丈は時に４メートルにもなる。","The Ryukyu marlberry grows up to 4 meters high on occasion, though its trunk rarely reaches 5 centimeters in diameter. "]
[8956,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","タイミンタチバナ","たいみんたちばな","great Ming marlberry","タイミンタチバナは、奄美大島のようにスダジイの木が生い茂る森林でよくみられる。","The great Ming marlberry is often found in forests where there are many chinquapin oaks, like those of Amami-Oshima. "]
[8957,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","モダマ","もだま","box bean","モダマの最も分かりやすい特徴であるさやは、長さ1m以上にまで成長し、秋には直径5～7cmほどの大きな茶色い円形の種子を包する。","The box bean is most noticeable, however, for its seed pods, which grow to a length of 1 meter or more in the autumn and hold large, circular brown seeds as wide as 5 to 7 centimeters in diameter. "]
[8958,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物"," イルカンダ","いるかんだ","color vine","イルカンダは大木に絡みながら湿度の高い日陰で成長し、蔓の全長は10m以上に達する。","The color vine grows by entwining around large trees, primarily in areas of high humidity and shade, reaching lengths of more than 10 meters."]
[8959,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","アマミフユイチゴ","あまみふゆいちご"," Amami winter berry","アマミフユイチゴは奄美大島と徳之島のみに自生する。","The wild Amami winter berry grows only on Amami-Oshima and neighboring Tokunoshima Island. "]
[8960,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","リュウキュウバライチゴ","りゅうきゅうばらいちご","Ryukyu rose berry","高さ１～２ｍほどまで成長するリュウキュウバライチゴの低木は、琉球諸島から北は本州の中心部に位置する静岡県にかけて、山森の端に生育する。","The bushes of the Ryukyu rose berry grow to a height of 1 to 2 meters, and are found on the edges of mountain forests from the Ryukyu Islands north to Shizuoka Prefecture in central Honshu. "]
[8961,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","テッポウユリ","てっぽうゆり"," Easter lily","テッポウユリという和名は、花の形が銃身が大きく広がった形をしていた16世紀の銃器に由来する。","The Easter lily’s Japanese name, teppo-yuri (“gun lily”), comes from the flower’s resemblance to the muzzle of a blunderbuss, a sixteenth-century firearm with a large, flaring barrel. "]
[8962,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","ノシラン","のしらん","dwarf lilyturf ","ノシランは、長さ50cmほどで表面に光沢がある緑色の葉を束状に生やす。","The dwarf lilyturf grows in dense tufts of long grassy leaves around 50 centimeters long, with a glossy green surface. "]
[8963,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","アダン","あだん"," fragrant screw pine","アダンは砂地や岩場、時には山の傾斜の下にある海岸近くに群生する樹木で、奄美大島や熱帯・亜熱帯の地域に自生する。","The fragrant screw pine grows in clusters in sandy or rocky areas—and sometimes on the lower mountain slopes—near the coast on Amami-Oshima and in other tropical and subtropical regions."]
[8964,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","ソテツ","そてつ","sago palm","数百年をかけてゆっくりと成長するソテツは、植物学者が「ソテツの時代」と呼ぶジュラ紀（2億100万年～1億4500万年前）に非常に繁茂した。","Sago palm trees grow very slowly over hundreds of years, and were so abundant during the Jurassic period (201 to 145 million years ago) that botanists refer to that epoch as the “Age of Sago Palms.” "]
[8965,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","クワズイモ","くわずいも","inedible taro","クワズイモは、見た目がタロイモに似ているものの、その根は実は毒を持っており、食べることはできない。","While the inedible taro looks similar to taro, the root is not edible—in fact, it is poisonous. "]
[8966,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","カンヒザクラ","かんひざくら","bellflower cherry","本土の桜とは異なり、カンヒザクラの花は12月に咲き始め、花期は3月まで続く。","Unlike sakura species on mainland Japan, the bellflower cherry trees begin flowering in December, and the blossoms last through March."]
[8967,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","バショウ","ばしょう","Japanese banana","バショウは、高さ2~3mほどまで成長し、とても大きな葉と、栽培されたバナナに似た果実をつける。","The Japanese banana grows to a height of 2 to 3 meters, with very large leaves and fruit that resembles cultivated bananas. "]
[8968,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","ツルヒヨドリ","つるひよどり"," bitter vine","中でも最も被害の大きい外来種は、繁殖力の高い熱帯の雑草、ツルヒヨドリである。","Among the worst offenders are the bitter vine (Mikania micrantha), a quickly spreading tropical weed that can produce 40,000 seeds from one stalk. "]
[8969,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","コンロンカ","こんろんか","Kunlun flower","コンロンカは、星型の黄色い花を咲かせる梅雨の時期によく目につく。","The Kunlun flower is noticeable in the rainy season, when small star-shaped yellow flowers bloom."]
[8970,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","クチナシ","くちなし","cape jasmine","ガーデニアに似ているが、クチナシの花弁は薄く、通常一重で、5～7枚である。","Although they are similar to gardenias, cape jasmine flowers have thin petals, usually in one layer and varying in number from five to seven. "]
[8971,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","リュウキュウマツ","りゅうきゅうまつ","Okinawa pine","リュウキュウマツは琉球諸島唯一のマツ科の固有種である。","The Okinawa pine is the only pine tree endemic to the Ryukyu Islands. "]
[8972,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","イジュ","いじゅ","needlewood ","イジュは琉球諸島を含む南方の島の山林でよくみられる樹木である。","The needlewood is a tree common to mountain forests of the Ryukyu archipelago and other southern islands of Japan."]
[8973,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","ナンゴクアオキ","なんごくあおき","southern Japanese laurel ","春になると、ナンゴクアオキは、分枝した花軸の先端に小さな濃い赤紫色の花を咲かせる。","In spring, the southern Japanese laurel’s very small, dark reddish-purple flowers bloom on stalks with numerous branches. "]
[8974,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","植物","アマシバ","あましば","sweet leaf","アマシバという名称は、その若葉の味に由来する。","The sweet leaf’s name refers to the taste of its young leaves. "]
[8975,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","人物・人名・役職名","田中一村","たなかいっそん","Tanaka Isson","日本画家の田中一村 (1908–1977)にとって、イジュの花は島の梅雨の季節のシンボルであった。","To the traditional Japanese-style painter Tanaka Isson (1908–1977), the flowers were a symbol of the island during the rainy season. "]
[8976,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","ルリカケス","るりかけす","Amami jay","社会性を持つ鳥であるルリカケスは、繁殖期以外は群れで生活する。","A social bird, the Amami jay lives in groups except during mating season. "]
[8977,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","アカヒゲ","あかひげ","Ryukyu robin","アカヒゲは、体長約14㎝の小型の鳥で、大きく旋律的な鳴き声を持つ。","The Ryukyu robin is a small bird (about 14 centimeters long) with a loud but melodic voice. "]
[8978,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","アマミヤマシギ","あまみやましぎ","Amami woodcock","アマミヤマシギはシギ科の鳥で、地面を長い敏感なくちばしの先で探って餌を探す。","The Amami woodcock is a member of the sandpiper family of birds that use their long beaks to probe the ground; they feel for food with the sensitive tips of their beaks. "]
[8979,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","オーストンオオアカゲラ","おーすとんおおあかげら","Owston’s woodpecker","オーストンオオアカゲラの大きさと羽毛は全国に生息するオオアカゲラに似ている。","The size and plumage of the Owston’s woodpecker resemble those of the white-backed woodpecker found throughout Japan. "]
[8980,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","アカショウビン","あかしょうびん","ruddy kingfisher","アカショウビンは主にカタツムリ、カニ、両生類を主な主食とし、意外にも魚は食べない。","The ruddy kingfisher feeds largely on land snails, crabs, and amphibians—but oddly, not on fish."]
[8981,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","オオトラツグミ","おおとらつぐみ","Amami thrush","餌を狩る時、オオトラツグミは、素早く走ってから周辺の音を聞くため急に立ち止まるという、ツグミというよりはチドリに近い変わった動作をみせる。","The Amami thrush has an odd gait when hunting for food: it moves more like a plover than a thrush, running quickly in brief spurts before suddenly stopping to listen."]
[8982,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","シロハラ","しろはら","pale thrush","シロハラは群れで渡りをするが、それ以外は単独か少数で行動する。","The pale thrush migrates in flocks, but otherwise is seen solo or in small groups."]
[8983,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","ズアカアオバト ","ずあかあおばと ","Ryukyu green pigeon ","奄美大島に生息するハト４種のうちの１種であるズアカアオバトは、日本南部の島々の固有種で、ハトとしては唯一の日本の固有種でもある。","One of four members of the pigeon family found on Amami-Oshima, the Ryukyu green pigeon is endemic to Japan’s southern islands, and the only pigeon known to be endemic to Japan."]
[8984,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","カラスバト","からすばと","Japanese wood pigeon ","奄美大島の他の鳥とは異なり、カラスバトは冬に繁殖することが知られている。","Unlike most of the other birds on Amami-Oshima, the Japanese wood pigeon has been known to breed in the winter season. "]
[8985,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","リュウキュウコノハズク","りゅうきゅうこのはずく","Ryukyu scops owl","リュウキュウコノハズクは19~22ｃｍほどの小型の品種で、琉球諸島に生息している。","The Ryukyu scops owl is a very small species of owl (19 to 22 centimeters long) that is resident on the Ryukyu Islands. It "]
[8986,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","リュウキュウアオバズク","りゅうきゅうあおばずく","Ryukyu hawk-owl","体長27～33cmのリュウキュウアオバズクは、中型のフクロウで、輪郭が曖昧な顔と大きな黄色い目を持ち、羽角はついていない。","With a length of 27 to 33 centimeters, the Ryukyu hawk-owl is a medium-sized owl with big yellow eyes, an indistinct facial border, and no ear tufts. "]
[8987,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","メダイチドリ","めだいちどり","lesser sand plover ","体長18～21cmのメダイチドリは、他の小型のチドリと同様、砂浜や干潟、湿原で餌を探すのに適した長いくちばしと長い脚を持つ。","The lesser sand plover (18 to 21 centimeters long), like most small plovers, has a long beak and long legs meant for feeding on beaches, tidal flats, and wetlands."]
[8988,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","ムナグロ","むなぐろ","Pacific golden plovers","ムナグロは渡りの習性がよく知られており、北極圏の繁殖地から1万2千kmも南下するものもいる。","Pacific golden plovers are known for their migration habits; some travel 12,000 kilometers south from their Arctic breeding grounds. "]
[8989,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","キアシシギ","きあししぎ","gray-tailed tattler","キアシシギの和名は、他のシギ類より短い黄色の脚にちなんでつけられた。","The gray-tailed tattler gets its Japanese name, kiashi-shigi, from its yellow (ki) legs (ashi), which are shorter than those of most sandpipers."]
[8990,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","セイタカシギ","せいたかしぎ","black-winged stilt","セイタカシギは主に水面に生息する水生昆虫を食すが、甲殻類も食べる。","The black-winged stilt mainly feeds on aquatic insects on the surface of the water, but will sometimes eat shellfish."]
[8991,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","ベニアジサシ","べにあじさし","roseate tern","ベニアジサシはオーストラリアで越冬後、奄美大島へ繁殖のため夏季に渡り、コロニーを形成し、外敵から卵や幼鳥を守る。","Roseate terns migrate from wintering in Australia to Amami-Oshima for breeding in the summer, nesting in colonies to protect their eggs and fledglings from predators."]
[8992,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","コアジサシ","こあじさし","little tern","コアジサシは素早い翼の動きで速く飛び、水面近くでホバリングして水中の魚を捕らえることができる。","The little tern flies fast with a quick wingbeat, and can hover before diving into the water for fish."]
[8993,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","クロツラヘラサギ","くろつらへらさぎ","black-faced spoonbill","東アジアのみに生息するクロツラヘラサギは絶滅危惧種に指定されている。","The black-faced spoonbill is an endangered species whose habitat is confined to East Asia. "]
[8994,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","ダイサギ","だいさぎ","great egret","ダイサギは名前の通り、大型（84～94cm）の白い鳥で、普段は黄色で繁殖期には黒くなる長く強力なくちばしを持つ。","The great egret, as its name suggests, is a large (84 to 94 centimeters long) white bird, with a long, powerful bill that is black during breeding season and yellow at other times. "]
[8995,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","ヘラサギ","へらさぎ"," black-faced spoonbill","絶滅危惧種に指定されているヘラサギは、東アジアのみに生息している。","The black-faced spoonbill is an endangered species whose habitat is confined to East Asia. "]
[8996,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","オオバン","おおばん","Eurasian coot","オオバンは渡り鳥で、奄美大島で越冬する。","The Eurasian coot is both migratory and a winter resident on Amami-Oshima."]
[8997,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","サシバ","さしば","gray-faced buzzard","サシバは日本の主な島々で繁殖し、冬には奄美大島等の南部の地域に渡る猛禽類である。","The gray-faced buzzard is a bird of prey that breeds on the main islands of Japan and migrates to southern climes, including Amami-Oshima, for winter."]
[8998,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","アマミノクロウサギ","あまみのくろうさぎ","Amami rabbit","アマミノクロウサギは夜行性のため、日中に見られるのは、ウサギたちが夜間移動した際島内の人通りの少ない道に残した小さな団子状の糞のみである。","In fact, the only signs of the Amami rabbit during the day are the small round droppings that mark its nighttime movement and can be found on less traveled roads throughout the islands. "]
[8999,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","アマミトゲネズミ","あまみとげねずみ","Amami spiny rat","絶滅危惧種のため研究が難しいものの、研究者はアマミトゲネズミが600万年から200万年前に徳之島のトゲネズミから分化した固有種であるとしている。","While its standing as an endangered species makes the Amami spiny rat a difficult subject for research, scientists have determined that it is an endemic species that separated from a similar spiny rat on the neighboring island of Tokunoshima between 6 million and 2 million years ago."]
[9000,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","リュウキュウイノシシ","りゅうきゅういのしし","Ryukyu wild boar ","リュウキュウイノシシは、奄美大島最大の哺乳類である。","The Ryukyu wild boar is the largest mammal on the island of Amami-Oshima. "]
[9001,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","ハイイロマングース","はいいろまんぐーす","Indian mongoose","第二次世界大戦後、島内全域に生息するハブを駆除するため、数千頭のハイイロマングースが導入された。","Soon after World War II, several thousand Indian mongooses were introduced to the island in order to reduce the number of habu vipers, the venomous snakes that are found throughout the island. "]
[9002,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","その他","奄美マングースバスターズ","あまみまんぐーすばすたーず"," Amami Mongoose Busters ","2000年に島の生態系のバランスを戻すためのプログラムが始まり、2005年には「奄美マングースバスターズ」がマングース捕獲作戦を開始した。","In 2000 a program was established to restore the island’s ecological balance, and in 2005 the Amami Mongoose Busters project launched a widespread campaign to hunt and trap the mongooses. "]
[9003,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","オットンガエル","おっとんがえる","Otton frog","オットンガエルは主に森の中の渓流付近におり、昆虫やカタツムリを食べる。","The Otton frog is found for the most part near streams in forest areas, where it feeds on insects and snails. "]
[9004,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","アマミイシカワガエル","あまみいしかわがえる","Amami Ishikawa’s frog","アマミイシカワガエルは現在絶滅危惧種に指定されており、県の天然記念物にもなっている。","The Amami Ishikawa’s frog is now designated an endangered species and a prefectural natural monument."]
[9005,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","シリケンイモリ","しりけんいもり","sword-tailed newt","シリケンイモリは琉球諸島の中部のみに生息する固有種で、森の穏やかな渓流添いや湿地帯に棲む。","The sword-tailed newt is endemic, found only in the central Ryukyu Islands, where it lives near slowly moving streams in forests and other wetlands. "]
[9006,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","イボイモリ","いぼいもり","Anderson’s crocodile newt ","危険を感じると、イボイモリは肋骨を広げて体を大きく見せる。","When threatened, it spreads its rib cage to appear larger. "]
[9007,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","ハブ","はぶ","habu viper","ハブは奄美大島の食物連鎖の頂点に君臨する毒ヘビである。","The habu viper is a venomous pit viper that is king of the food chain on Amami-Oshima. "]
[9008,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","ヒメハブ","ひめはぶ","hime habu viper","ヒメハブは、ハブ同様に夜行性で、哺乳類、鳥類、両生類などを食べる。","Like the habu viper, the hime habu viper is nocturnal, with a varied diet of mammals, birds, and amphibians. "]
[9009,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","ヒャン","ひゃん","Amami coral snake ","コブラの近縁種であるヒャンは、30～60cmの短く細い体を持ち、毒がある。","A relative of the cobra, the Amami coral snake is short (30 to 60 centimeters), thin, and venomous. "]
[9010,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","リュウキュウアオヘビ","りゅうきゅうあおへび","Ryukyu green snake ","リュウキュウアオヘビは、成長すると体長70〜80cmになり、ミミズと小動物を主食とする。","The Ryukyu green snake grows to a length of 70 to 80 centimeters, and its staple food is earthworms and small animals."]
[9011,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","キノボリトカゲ","きのぼりとかげ","Okinawa tree lizard ","名前の通り、キノボリトカゲは森の隅の樹上で過ごす事が多いが、地上の日陰になっている場所でもみられることがある。","The Okinawa tree lizard, as the name suggests, spends most of their time in trees on the edges of forests, but they can be found in shady areas on the ground as well. "]
[9012,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","ヘリグロヒメトカゲ","へりぐろひめとかげ","Ryukyu short-legged skink ","ヘリグロヒメトカゲは小さな頭と短い鼻先を持ち、赤茶色の体の両側に濃い色の線が入っている。","The Ryukyu short-legged skink has a small head, a short snout, and a reddish-brown body with dark stripes on the sides."]
[9013,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","キイロスジボタル","きいろすじぼたる","dust yellow firefly","夏に見られるキイロスジボタルは、点滅しない安定した淡い光を放つ。","The dust yellow firefly emits a weak light that is steady, rather than blinking, and can be seen in the summer."]
[9014,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","アマミマドホタル","あまみまどほたる","Amami heavenly firefly ","奄美大島に生息する別のホタルであるアマミマドホタルは、黒い体を持ち、オレンジ色の頭からは長い触角が生えている。","Another of Amami-Oshima’s eight species of firefly, the Amami heavenly firefly has a black body, an orange head, and long antennae. "]
[9015,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","リュウキュウハグロトンボ","りゅうきゅうはぐろとんぼ","Ryukyu black wing damselfly ","リュウキュウハグロトンボは、しばしば山林の渓流付近で大群をなしている。","The Ryukyu black wing damselfly is often seen in large numbers near streams in the mountain forest."]
[9016,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","アマミルリモントンボ","あまみるりもんとんぼ","Amami blue damselfly","似た種類のトンボは近隣の島々にも存在するが、アマミルリモントンボは奄美大島と徳島の固有種で、渓流や湿地帯でよくみられる。","Though similar species exist on nearby islands, the Amami blue damselfly is endemic only to Amami-Oshima and Tokunoshima, where it can be frequently seen near mountain streams and wetlands. "]
[9017,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","アカボシゴマダラ ","あかぼしごまだら ","red ring skirt","アカボシゴマダラは奄美大島の在来種とされているが、日本の内地で見られるものはアジアから持ち込まれた外来種とみなされている。","While these butterflies are considered native to Amami-Oshima, the red ring skirt found in mainland Japan is considered an invasive species artificially introduced from the Asian continent."]
[9018,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","リュウキュウアサギマダラ ","りゅうきゅうあさぎまだら ","Ryukyu blue glassy tiger ","12月から2月にかけて、リュウキュウアサギマダラの群れは、海岸沿いの森や風を避けられる谷で越冬する。","From December to February, the Ryukyu blue glassy tiger can be seen wintering in large groups in coastal forest areas and valleys protected from the wind. "]
[9019,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","アマミノコギリクワガタ","あまみのこぎりくわがた","Amami saw stag beetle","奄美大島と近隣の島々のみに生息するアマミノコギリクワガタは、日本で最も大きいクワガタで、オスは最大体長8cmにもなる。","The Amami saw stag beetle, endemic to Amami-Oshima and neighboring islands, is the largest species of stag beetle in Japan, with the biggest males reaching a length of 8 centimeters. "]
[9020,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","フェリエベニボシカミキリ","ふぇりえべにぼしかみきり","Father Ferrier’s longhorn beetle ","フェリエベニボシカミキリは、体長2～3cmと小さく、体は鮮やかなオレンジ色で、頭から体にかけて黒い斑点がみられる。","The Father Ferrier’s longhorn beetle is small, at 2 to 3 centimeters, and bright orange, with black spots on its head and running down its body. "]
[9021,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","ミナミコメツキガニ ","みなみこめつきがに ","soldier crab","通常のカニとは異なり、ミナミコメツキガニは横ではなく前方に歩行する。","Unlike many crabs, soldier crabs walk forward, not sideways. "]
[9022,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","オキナワハクセンシオマネキ","おきなわはくせんしおまねき","Okinawa fiddler crab","奄美大島に7種いるシオマネキの一種、オキナワハクセンシオマネキ は、マングローブの砂地に生息する。","The Okinawa fiddler crab, one of seven species of fiddler crab on Amami-Oshima, is found on sandy mangrove mudflats."]
[9023,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","リュウキュウアユ","りゅうきゅうあゆ","Ryukyu ayu","リュウキュウアユは奄美大島の固有種である。","The Ryukyu ayu is endemic to Amami-Oshima."]
[9024,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","ミドリイシ","みどりいし","stony coral","ミドリイシは180種類以上の世界の温暖な浅瀬に生息する岩のような硬いサンゴの総称である。","Stony coral is a term for over 180 different species of hard coral that grow in warm, shallow ocean waters all over the globe."]
[9025,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","ザトウクジラ","ざとうくじら","humpback whales","1月から3月にかけて、奄美大島の海にはザトウクジラの群れが寒いベーリング海峡から繁殖と子育てのためにやってくる。","In the months from January to March, the waters of Amami-Oshima are host to pods of humpback whales, which migrate here from the frigid seas of the Bering Strait to breed and raise their young. "]
[9026,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","アカウミガメ","あかうみがめ","loggerhead turtle","アカウミガメは雑食性で、英名はその大きな頭と餌のアサリやウニの硬い殻を砕ける強力な顎に由来する。","The loggerhead turtle, which is omnivorous, gets its name from its huge head and a powerful jaw that allows it to crush the hard shells of the clams and sea urchins on which it feeds."]
[9027,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","アオウミガメ","あおうみがめ","green turtle","他のウミガメとは異なり、アオウミガメは草食で、藻類や海草、海藻を主食とする。","Unlike other sea turtles, the green turtle is herbivorous, feeding largely on algae, sea grass, and seaweed."]
[9028,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","アマミホシゾラフグ","あまみほしぞらふぐ","Amami night-sky pufferfish ","この円形の幾何学模様は、アマミホシゾラフグの産卵巣であり、この場所でしか記録されたことのない独特な求愛行動によって描かれたものだった。","The circular geometric patterns were spawning nests made by the Amami night-sky pufferfish as part of a unique mating ritual that has only been recorded in this spot. "]
[9029,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","海岸・岬","大島海峡","おおしまかいきょう"," Oshima strait ","奄美大島と加計呂麻島の間にある大島海峡は、全長およそ20kmで、北西から南東にかけてのびており、幅は2～6kmである。","The Oshima strait between the islands of Amami-Oshima and Kakeroma is about 20 kilometers long, running northwest to southeast and ranging from 2 to 6 kilometers in width. "]
[9030,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","オキナワアナジャコ ","おきなわあなじゃこ ","mud lobster","オキナワアナジャコは、マングローブ周辺の堆積物を2mもの深さに掘って巣を作ることで知られる。","The mud lobster is notable for its nest building, burrowing as deep as 2 meters into the sediment around the mangroves. "]
[9031,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","ミナミテナガエビ","みなみてながえび","crane river prawn","体長が最大で10cmほどのミナミテナガエビは、体の色が灰色やオリーブ、茶色、濃い赤茶などさまざまである。","The crane river prawn has a maximum body length of 10 centimeters, and its color varies from gray to olive, brown, and dark reddish brown. "]
[9032,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","ヤエヤマヒルギシジミ","やえやまひるぎしじみ","Yaeyama mangrove clam","ヤエヤマヒルギシジミは、通常こぶし大の大きな貝で、貝殻の外側は土井茶色、内側は白色である。","The Yaeyama mangrove clam is large, usually fist-sized, and the shell has a dark-brown exterior with a white interior."]
[9033,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","ミドリシャミセンガイ","みどりしゃみせんがい","common oriental lamp shell","ミドリシャミセンガイは汽水域の潮間帯の水を取り込み、濾過摂食を行う。","The common oriental lamp shell is a filter feeder that extracts food from brackish intertidal waters. "]
[9034,"鹿児島県","（奄美群島国立公園）一般社団法人あまみ大島観光物産連盟","動物","ミナミトビハゼ","みなみとびはぜ","barred mudskipper","ミナミトビハゼは、4月から5月にかけて川を上り、12月から2月に下流で過ごすために再び川を下るまでそこにとどまる。","In April and May, barred mudskippers swim upstream, where they stay until returning to the lower reaches of the river between December and February."]
[9035,"沖縄県","（西表石垣国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","動物","イリオモテヤマネコ","いりおもてやまねこ","Iriomote cat","島で最も重要で、近絶滅種と指定されているのがイリオモテヤマネコであり、野生では100匹ほど生息しているとされている。","Among the rarest and most important animal species on the island are the critically endangered Iriomote cat, with an estimated population of just 100 individuals… ."]
[9036,"沖縄県","（西表石垣国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","動物","カンムリワシ","かんむりわし","crested serpent eagle","島で最も重要で、近絶滅種と指定されているのがイリオモテヤマネコであり（中略）中型の猛禽類のカンムリワシ等もいる。","Among the rarest and most important animal species on the island are the critically endangered Iriomote cat, … and the crested serpent eagle, a medium-sized bird of prey. "]
[9037,"沖縄県","（西表石垣国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","動物","ヤエヤマセマルハコガメ","やえやませまるはこがめ","yellow-margined box turtle","島を代表する種で、近絶滅種と指定されているのがイリオモテヤマネコであり（中略）その他には手足を箱のように甲羅に入れる絶滅危惧種のリクガメもいる。","Among the rarest and most important animal species on the island are the critically endangered Iriomote cat, ... the endangered yellow-margined box turtle, a terrestrial turtle with the ability to retract its head and limbs completely inside its shell and shut itself up like a box..."]
[9038,"沖縄県","（西表石垣国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","動物","リュウキュウアカショウビン","りゅうきゅうあかしょうびん","Ryukyu ruddy kingfisher","運が良ければ独特な真っ赤な嘴、赤い脚、錆びた朱色の体をしたリュウキュウアカショウビンも木の上などで見られることもある。","There is a small chance of glimpsing in the treetops the Ryukyu ruddy kingfisher, with its distinctive bright red bill, red legs, and rust red body. "]
[9039,"沖縄県","（西表石垣国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","動物","サキシマカナヘビ","さきしまかなへび","Sakishima grass lizard","散策中、観察できる動物や植物の中には、体長20cm以上にもなる鮮やかな色をしたサキシマカナヘビがいる。","Animals and plants to watch for en route include the vividly colored Sakishima grass lizard, which can grow to over 20 centimeters in length, … . "]
[9040,"沖縄県","（西表石垣国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","動物","テナガエビ","てながえび","oriental river prawn","岩には多数自然の甌穴があり、中には長い二の腕が特徴のテナガエビを目撃することが多くある。","The rock is dotted with natural potholes, which are frequented by the oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense) with its unusually elongated second pair of limbs."]
[9041,"沖縄県","（西表石垣国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","動物","ミナミトビハゼ「トントンミー」","みみとんびはぜ「とんとんみー」","mudskipper","ミナミトビハゼは珍しい水陸両用魚で、泥を跳ねて移動し、島の方言では「トントンミー」と呼ばれている。","One curious creature to watch for is the mudskipper, a burrow-dwelling amphibious fish that hops across the mud and is known in the local dialect as ton ton mii."]
[9042,"沖縄県","（西表石垣国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","動物","キバウミニナ","きばうみにな","whelk","マングローブ林は、複雑に入り組んだ生態系元になっている。落ち葉や有機物の粒子は、キバウミニナやシレナシジミ、カニなどの生き物に食され、後に植物プランクトンの栄養分に変えられ、マングローブの根に自生する魚の餌となる。","Creatures such as whelks, mud clams, and crabs feed on the fallen leaves and other organic detritus, converting them into nutrients for the phytoplankton that are eaten by the fish who shelter in the mangroves’ elaborate root systems. "]
[9043,"沖縄県","（西表石垣国立公園）環境省沖縄奄美自然環境事務所","動物","シギ","しぎ","sandpiper","マングローブ林には多くの鳥も集まり、シギのような細長いくちばしで泥の中の餌を探すものや、サギなどもいる。","Mangrove forests also attract birds such as the sandpiper, whose long narrow bill is designed to probe the mud for food, and egrets. "]
[9044,"群馬県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（草津）","温泉","硫黄泉","いおうせん","sulfur-infused onsen","何百年もの昔から、この酸性の硫黄泉を求めて、草津まで入浴客が絶え間なく訪れてきました。\n","For hundreds of years, a steady stream of bathers has made the journey to Kusatsu to soak in the acidic, sulfur-infused onsen."]
[9045,"群馬県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（草津）","レジャー・アクティビティ","ゲレンデ\n（人工的な）","げれんで","slope","子ども専用のキッズゲレンデでは、子どもたちがスキーのコツを安全に身につけることができるため、パパママの心配も無用。\n","A kids-only nursery slope gives youngsters a chance to safely learn the ropes—without the need for Mom and Dad to worry."]
[9046,"群馬県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（草津）","レジャー・アクティビティ","ゲレンデ\n（自然地形を生かした）","げれんで","piste","姉妹ゲレンデの青葉山第一ゲレンデほど急斜面ではありませんが、このゲレンデもスリル満点で、挑戦を求める本格的なスキーヤーにおすすめです。\n","While not as steep as its sister slope Aobayama Dai-ichi, this piste still packs a punch and is recommended for serious skiers up for a challenge."]
[9047,"群馬県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（草津）","レジャー・アクティビティ","ナイタースキー","ないたーすきー","night-skiing","花火好きの皆さんは、頭上に花火を望みながら、天狗山ゲレンデでナイタースキーをぜひお楽しみください。\n","Coinciding with night-skiing events, fireworks aficionados can enjoy the Tenguyama Slope with fireworks bursting overhead."]
[9048,"群馬県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（草津）","植物","カラマツ","からまつ","japanese larch","このコースは、カラマツやミズナラ、リョウブやダケカンバ、ナナカマドに囲まれた緩やかな登り坂からスタートします。\n","Start with a gentle climb among Japanese larch, Mongolian oak, Japanese clethra, Erman’s birch, and Japanese rowan."]
[9049,"群馬県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（草津）","植物","モンゴリナラ","もんごりなら","mongolian oak","このコースは、カラマツやミズナラ、リョウブやダケカンバ、ナナカマドに囲まれた緩やかな登り坂からスタートします。\n","Start with a gentle climb among Japanese larch, Mongolian oak, Japanese clethra, Erman’s birch, and Japanese rowan."]
[9050,"群馬県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（草津）","植物","リョウブ","りょうぶ","japanese clethra","このコースは、カラマツやミズナラ、リョウブやダケカンバ、ナナカマドに囲まれた緩やかな登り坂からスタートします。\n","Start with a gentle climb among Japanese larch, Mongolian oak, Japanese clethra, Erman’s birch, and Japanese rowan."]
[9051,"群馬県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（草津）","植物","ダケカンバ","だけかんば","Erman’s birch","このコースは、カラマツやミズナラ、リョウブやダケカンバ、ナナカマドに囲まれた緩やかな登り坂からスタートします。\n","Start with a gentle climb among Japanese larch, Mongolian oak, Japanese clethra, Erman’s birch, and Japanese rowan."]
[9052,"群馬県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（草津）","植物","ナナカマド","ななかまど","japanese rowan","このコースは、カラマツやミズナラ、リョウブやダケカンバ、ナナカマドに囲まれた緩やかな登り坂からスタートします。\n","Start with a gentle climb among Japanese larch, Mongolian oak, Japanese clethra, Erman’s birch, and Japanese rowan."]
[9053,"群馬県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（草津）","植物","ウツギ","うつぎ","deutzia","コースのスタート地点付近では、ウツギのドライフラワーの茂みが雪の下から顔を覗かせています。そしてゴール付近には、紅葉したガマズミの木の色鮮やかな赤い実が。ぜひ目を凝らしてご覧ください。\n","Keep your eyes peeled for the delicate dried flowers of the deutzia shrub peeking out from under the snow near the trailhead, and the vibrant red berries of the scarlet leaved viburnum near the trail’s end."]
[9054,"群馬県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（草津）","植物","ガマズミ","がまずみ","viburnum","コースのスタート地点付近では、ウツギのドライフラワーの茂みが雪の下から顔を覗かせています。そしてゴール付近には、紅葉したガマズミの木の色鮮やかな赤い実が。ぜひ目を凝らしてご覧ください。\n","Keep your eyes peeled for the delicate dried flowers of the deutzia shrub peeking out from under the snow near the trailhead, and the vibrant red berries of the scarlet leaved viburnum near the trail’s end."]
[9055,"群馬県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（草津）","建造物等","氷室","ひむろ","himuro","氷谷コースは、氷谷の氷室に続きます。この場所は、巡礼に訪れた人に活力を与える霊場だと言われています。\n","The Koridani Trail leads to the Koridani himuro or ice room, a spiritual place said to re-energize those who make the pilgrimage. "]
[9056,"群馬県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（草津）","動物","コゲラ","こげら","pygmy woodpecker","林の中を進んでいくと、雪の上にジグザグについたウサギの足跡や、コゲラやアカゲラが古い幹の快適そうな巣から頭を覗かせている姿が見られるかもしれません。ぜひ見逃さないように。\n","As you make your way through the trees, keep an eye out for rabbit tracks zigzagging across the snow, and pygmy and great spotted woodpeckers poking their heads from cozy cavity nests in old trees."]
[9057,"群馬県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（草津）","動物","アカゲラ","あかげら","great spotted woodpecker","林の中を進んでいくと、雪の上にジグザグについたウサギの足跡や、コゲラやアカゲラが古い幹の快適そうな巣から頭を覗かせている姿が見られるかもしれません。ぜひ見逃さないように。\n","As you make your way through the trees, keep an eye out for rabbit tracks zigzagging across the snow, and pygmy and great spotted woodpeckers poking their heads from cozy cavity nests in old trees."]
[9058,"群馬県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（草津）","植物","コナラ","こなら","konara oak","川が湾曲する部分の近くにある、コナラの大木をぜひご覧ください。\n","Look out for the large konara oak near the bend in the river."]
[9059,"群馬県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（草津）","植物","ヤドリギ","やどりぎ","mistletoe","それはヤドリギです。宿主であるモンゴリナラの枝々の間で、宿主から栄養をもらいながら育つ植物です。\n","These are mistletoe, a plant that grows among the branches of—and receives nourishment from—its host, the Mongolian oak."]
[9060,"群馬県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（草津）","自然現象","雪崩","なだれ","snow slides","安全のための注意点：谷沢川コースでは、雪崩が起こる危険があります。そのため、森の美しさに浸りすぎず、十分に用心してください。\n","A quick note on safety: snow slides are a possibility along the Yazawagawa Trail, so even as you bask in the beauty of the forest, please remain vigilant."]
[9061,"群馬県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（草津）","植物","シャクナゲ","しゃくなげ","rhododendron","しゃくなげコースは、日本人に愛される春の花、シャクナゲから名付けられました。このシャクナゲの様々な品種は、日本各地で目にすることができます。\n","The Shakunage Trail is named for the rhododendron, a spring flower beloved by the Japanese, varieties of which can be found throughout Japan."]
[9062,"群馬県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（草津）","動物","ニホンカモシカ","にほんかもしか","japanese serow","英語ではJapanese serow、またはGoat antelopeと呼ばれるニホンカモシカは、日本にのみ生息しており天然記念物に指定されています。\n","Known as Japanese serow in English—and sometimes referred to as a goat antelope—the kamoshika is a protected species that you can find only in Japan."]
[9063,"群馬県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（草津）","植物","イワナシ","いわなし","Epigaea asiatica","春5月から6月にかけて、桃色のイワナシやアザレア、シャクナゲが花を咲かせます。\n","In spring look for the pink Epigaea asiatica, azaleas, and rhododendrons that bloom in May and June. "]
[9064,"群馬県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（草津）","植物","アザレア","あざれあ","azalea","春5月から6月にかけて、桃色のイワナシやアザレア、シャクナゲが花を咲かせます。\n","In spring look for the pink Epigaea asiatica, azaleas, and rhododendrons that bloom in May and June. "]
[9065,"群馬県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（草津）","植物","イワカガミ","いわかがみ","fringed galax","コース沿いでは、色鮮やかなシャクナゲやアザレア、イワカガミ、アザミ、エリカ、ガマズミ、綿帽子をもつワタスゲなど、季節の花々がご覧いただけます。\n","Along the trails you can spot seasonal plants, such as the brightly colored blossoms of rhododendron, azalea, fringed galax, thistle, heath, scarlet leaved viburnum, and the fluffy heads of tussock cottongrass."]
[9066,"群馬県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（草津）","植物","アザミ","あざみ","thistle","コース沿いでは、色鮮やかなシャクナゲやアザレア、イワカガミ、アザミ、エリカ、ガマズミ、綿帽子をもつワタスゲなど、季節の花々がご覧いただけます。\n","Along the trails you can spot seasonal plants, such as the brightly colored blossoms of rhododendron, azalea, fringed galax, thistle, heath, scarlet leaved viburnum, and the fluffy heads of tussock cottongrass."]
[9067,"群馬県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（草津）","植物","エリカ","えりか","heath","コース沿いでは、色鮮やかなシャクナゲやアザレア、イワカガミ、アザミ、エリカ、ガマズミ、綿帽子をもつワタスゲなど、季節の花々がご覧いただけます。\n","Along the trails you can spot seasonal plants, such as the brightly colored blossoms of rhododendron, azalea, fringed galax, thistle, heath, scarlet leaved viburnum, and the fluffy heads of tussock cottongrass."]
[9068,"群馬県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（草津）","植物","ワタスゲ","わたすげ","tussock cottongrass","コース沿いでは、色鮮やかなシャクナゲやアザレア、イワカガミ、アザミ、エリカ、ガマズミ、綿帽子をもつワタスゲなど、季節の花々がご覧いただけます。\n","Along the trails you can spot seasonal plants, such as the brightly colored blossoms of rhododendron, azalea, fringed galax, thistle, heath, scarlet leaved viburnum, and the fluffy heads of tussock cottongrass."]
[9069,"群馬県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（草津）","植物","ヒカリゴケ","ひかりごけ","luminous moss","コースに沿って、薄暗がりや岩の洞窟のあちこちで、ヒカリゴケがぼんやりと光を放っています。\n","Along the trail’s edges, here and there luminous moss grows in shadowy corners and rocky caves. "]
[9070,"群馬県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（草津）","温泉","硫酸アルミニウム","りゅうさんあるみにうむ","aluminum sulphate","湯畑から直接引かれた豊富な湯は、pHが1.7〜2.1ある酸性の硫酸アルミニウムや塩化アルミニウムを含んだ天然硫黄泉で、温度は摂氏51〜94度もあります。\n","The bountiful waters drawn directly from the Yubatake hot spring fields naturally contain acid, sulfur-containing aluminum sulphate, and chloride, with pH values between 1.7 and 2.1, and temperatures varying between 51 and 94 degrees Celsius."]
[9071,"群馬県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（草津）","温泉","塩化アルミニウム","えんかあるみにうむ","aluminum chloride","湯畑から直接引かれた豊富な湯は、pHが1.7〜2.1ある酸性の硫酸アルミニウムや塩化アルミニウムを含んだ天然硫黄泉で、温度は摂氏51〜94度もあります。\n","The bountiful waters drawn directly from the Yubatake hot spring fields naturally contain acid, sulfur-containing aluminum sulphate, and chloride, with pH values between 1.7 and 2.1, and temperatures varying between 51 and 94 degrees Celsius."]
[9072,"群馬県","Mt.６多言語解説整備協議会（草津）","建造物等","とんとん葺き","とんとんぶき","tontonbuki","本館は、杉板のとんとん葺きの屋根と漆喰の壁といった明治初期（1868–1912）の特徴を持ち、日本の伝統的な建築法を用いて、2013年4月に再建されました。\n","The main building was re-created in April 2013, using Japanese turn-of-the-century architecture with Japanese cedar wood tontonbuki roofs and wall plaster characteristic of the early Meiji period (1868–1912)."]
[9073,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","その他","新天地","しんてんち","new frontier","小樽は新天地の中心となりました。","Otaru became a hub for the new frontier."]
[9074,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","その他","開拓者精神","かいたくしゃせいしん","pioneer spirit","19世紀にニシンにより財を成すために北の前哨基地に移住してきた漁師をはじめとして、小樽は開拓者精神により突き動かされてきました。","Starting with the fishermen who moved to this northern outpost to make their fortunes from herring in the nineteenth century, Otaru has been driven by a pioneer spirit. "]
[9075,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","その他","抱え込む","かかえこむ","hug","天狗山から見ると、小樽の街が海岸線を抱え込むような様子がよくわかります。","The way that Otaru hugs the coastline is apparent in the view from Mt. Tengu."]
[9076,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","その他","現存している","げんぞんしている","extant","これは日本で最も古い現存している煉瓦造機関庫で、1885年に完成しました。","This is the oldest extant brick depot in Japan and was completed in 1885, with bays to accommodate three locomotives. "]
[9077,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","建造物等","機関庫","きかんこ","depot","3台の機関車を収容することができる格納庫を備えた、日本で最も古い現存している煉瓦造機関庫（1885年)。","These include Japan’s oldest surviving brick depot (1885), with bays for three locomotives."]
[9078,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","その他","移住","いじゅう","migration","鉄道は移住や開拓を推し進めることにより、広大な北の島の開拓に寄与しました。","Railways contributed to the development of the vast northern island by facilitating migration and the development of agriculture and mining."]
[9079,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","その他","優先する","ゆうせんする","prioritize","明治時代（1868年–1912年）、日本政府は北の新天地として北海道を開拓することを優先しました。","During the Meiji period (1868–1912), the Japanese government prioritized the development of Hokkaido as a northern frontier. "]
[9080,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","その他","欠かせない","かかせない","integral","色内銀行街近くの旅客駅プラットホームは小樽の発展に欠かせない手宮線の役割を思い出させます。","A passenger station platform near the Ironai banking district is a reminder of the Temiya Line’s integral role in Otaru’s development."]
[9081,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","建造物等","防波堤","ぼうはてい","breakwater","旧手宮石炭桟橋近くのコンクリート製の防波堤は、石狩湾を横切り1,289メートルにわたり延びています。","A concrete breakwater stretches 1,289 meters across the bay near the former Temiya Coal Pier. "]
[9082,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","その他","断面","だんめん","cross section","ここを訪れた人は、その防波堤の縮尺断面模型と、１つあたり14-24トンの重さのコンクリートブロックを見ると、廣井の設計を思い描くことができます。","Scale cross-sectional models of the breakwater and the concrete blocks, which each weighed between 14 and 24 tons, help visitors visualize Hiroi’s design."]
[9083,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","凝灰石","ぎょうかいがん","tuff stone","小樽と札幌で採れた凝灰石を木材の骨組みに固定して造られています。","They are built from tuff stone from Otaru and Sapporo, fixed to a timber framework. "]
[9084,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","その他","埋め立て","うめたて","land reclamation","拡大する港の需要を満たすため埋め立てによって海岸沿いに新たな土地が造成されました。","Land reclamation efforts created additional areas along the coast to accommodate the needs of the expanding port."]
[9085,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","建造物等","切妻屋根","きりづまやね","gable roof","北浜地区でよく見られる切妻屋根を持つ大きな倉庫です。","It is a large gable-roofed warehouse, typical of the Kitahama area."]
[9086,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","建造物等","木造骨組み","もくぞうほねぐみ","timber frame ","広海倉庫は1889 年に建てられた木造骨組みの石造り倉庫です。","The Hiroumi Warehouse is a timber-framed stone warehouse built in 1889. "]
[9087,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","工芸・美術","鯱","しゃちほこ","shachihoko mythical sea creatures","各建物の屋根の棟には一対の陶器製の伝説の海の生き物（鯱）像が飾られています。","Pairs of ceramic mythical sea creatures (shachihoko) decorate the roof ridge of each building. ","※「shachihoko」は日本語の名称で英語ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[9088,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","その他","投機する","とうきする","speculate","一部の卸売業者は北海道産の豆類などの生活必需品に投機しました。","Some wholesalers made their fortunes by speculating on commodities such as beans grown in Hokkaido."]
[9089,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","その他","根付く","ねづく","roots ","1901年に浅原硝子として創業した北一硝子は小樽に深く根付いています。","Kitaichi Glass has deep roots in Otaru, opening in 1901 as Asahara Glass. "]
[9090,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","乗物","北前船","きたまえぶね","kitamaebune merchant ship","嶋谷家は山口県出身で、北前船という商船を所有し、主に米を取り扱っていました。","The Shimatani family were kitamaebune merchant shipowners from Yamaguchi Prefecture, mainly trading rice. ","※「kitamaebune」は日本語の名称で英語ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[9091,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","その他","乾物商の店","かんぶつしょうのみせ","dry goods store","高橋直治は3年乾物商の店員として働き、そこで商いを学んだあと、独立しました。","He worked as a clerk at a dry goods store for three years to learn the trade before establishing his own business. "]
[9092,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","食","甘酒","あまざけ","amazake, a sweetened fermented rice drink","日本酒や果実酒、さらには甘く発酵させた米のお酒である甘酒などのノンアルコール飲料が試飲可能です。","Tastings are available of sake, fruit liqueurs, and non-alcoholic drinks such as amazake, a sweetened fermented rice drink.","※「amazake」は日本語の名称で英語ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[9093,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","工芸・美術","金唐紙","きんからかみ","kinkarakami, gilded and embossed Japanese paper","2階は寄木張りの床が敷き詰められ、装飾石膏の造形が施された会議室や専用ラウンジがあり、ヨーロッパのギルトレザーに似せた金箔が張られ、浮彫が施された日本の紙である金唐紙の壁紙が貼られています。","On the second floor, a conference room and private lounge include parquet floors and decorative plaster moldings, and the walls are papered with kinkarakami, gilded and embossed Japanese paper that resembles European gilt leather.","※「kinkarakami」は日本語の名称で英語ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[9094,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","その他","金融力","きんゆうりょく","financial power","日本銀行小樽支店は、街の富と国営銀行の金融力を反映するよう設計されました。","The Bank of Japan’s Otaru Branch was designed to reflect the wealth of the city and the financial power of the national bank. "]
[9095,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","社会","通貨制度","つうかせいど","currency system","写真や縮尺模型を通じて日本の通貨制度と小樽の経済成長を伝えています。","Photographs and scale models explain the history of Japan’s currency system and Otaru’s economic growth."]
[9096,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","その他","商品","しょうひん","commodities","棚にあるガラス瓶にはニシンを原料とした肥料、豆、亜麻など、かつて小樽で取引されていた商品のサンプルが展示されています。","Glass jars on a shelf display samples of the commodities once traded through Otaru, including herring-based fertilizer, beans, and flax."]
[9097,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","建造物等","鉄筋コンクリート造り","てっきんこんくりーとづくり","reinforced concrete structure","曽禰は1923年の関東大震災の教訓を踏まえ、鉄骨鉄筋コンクリート造りの建物を設計しました。","Sone designed the building with a steel frame and reinforced concrete structure, based on lessons learned from the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923."]
[9098,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","その他","粋な","いきな","eminent ","半径約 500 メートルの範囲にある小樽を北の経済中心地に仕上げた名門銀行の建物群は、粋な日本の近代建築の例です。","In a radius of some 500 meters, the buildings of the distinguished banks that made Otaru the economic center of the north are eminent examples of modern Japanese architecture. "]
[9099,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","その他","誠実さ","せいじつさ","integrity","銀行は、富、誠実さ、安定性を表現するために古典的な建築様式を採用しました。","Banks adopted classical architectural styles to express wealth, integrity, and stability. "]
[9100,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","その他","後ろからライトで照らされている","うしろかららいとでてらされている","backlit","ティファニーが自身のガラス製品の中で捉えた乳光効果を感じられるよう、窓は後ろからライトで照らされています。","The windows are backlit so that viewers can appreciate the opalescent effects that Tiffany captured in his glasswork. "]
[9101,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","その他","歴史的魅力","れきしてきみりょく","historical appeal","かつて空き家だったこれらの建物の歴史的魅力は都市の経済復興に大きな役割を果たしてきました。","The historical appeal of these once-empty buildings has played a large part in the city’s economic revival."]
[9102,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","社会","保存運動","ほぞんうんどう","preservation movement","1970年代後半、小樽の歴史ある下町を再興しようと保存運動が起こりました。","In the late 1970s, a preservation movement took shape to revitalize Otaru’s historical downtown."]
[9103,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","その他","凝った装飾","こったそうしょく","ornate details","通りにある他の建物の中でもその凝った装飾と 2 階の大きなバルコニーが際立っています。","It stands out among the other buildings on the street for its ornate details and large balcony on the second floor. "]
[9104,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","郷土景観","うだつ","うだつ","udatsu firewalls","堺町通り沿いには、建物の正面に「うだつ」（防火壁）が上げられている場所が5箇所ありますが、金子元三郎商店はそのうちの1つです。","The store is one of five along Sakaimachi Street that has udatsu firewalls at the front of the building. "]
[9105,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","その他","集約する","しゅうやくする","consolidate","1944年の戦時体制のもと、小樽での酒造りは、供給と価格を管理する1つの組織のもとで統合集約されました。","Under the wartime regime in 1944, sake brewing in Otaru was consolidated under a single entity to control supply and pricing."]
[9106,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","その他","厳密な線形のデザイン","げんみつなせんけいのでざいん","strict linear design","アーチ型をした石の入り口のみが厳密な線形のデザインとは異なっています。","The arched stone entrance is the only departure from the strict linear design. "]
[9107,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","その他","委託販売","いたくはんばい","consignment sales","北海雑穀株式会社は、1907年に堺町通りにて開業し、1931年に廃業するまで、雑穀やその他の小穀物の委託販売や取引を行っていました。","The Hokkai Millet Company opened on Sakaimachi Street in 1907 and engaged in consignment sales and trade of millet and other grains until they went out of business in 1931."]
[9108,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","建造物等","柱廊","ちゅうろう","portico ","また、柱廊のある入り口は、土佐（現在の四国高知県）から取り寄せた白い大理石で覆われ、模様のついた銅で縁取られています。","The portico entrance is covered with white marble from Tosa (present-day Kochi Prefecture, on the island of Shikoku) and trimmed with patterned copper. "]
[9109,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","その他","左右対称","さゆうたいしょう","symmetrical","左右対称に配置された入り口ホールのアールデコ風デザインは当時の大きな駅舎でよく使われていました。","The symmetrical Art Deco design of the entrance hall is typical of large station buildings at the time. "]
[9110,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","その他","改造","かいぞう","modification","4番ホームは1934年に行われた改造や、エスカレーターや追加の照明などの近年の改造を除けば、1903年当時の姿とほとんど同じです。","Platform 4 looks much as it did in 1903, apart from some modifications made in 1934 and recent additions such as an escalator and additional lighting. "]
[9111,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","その他","殺到しました","さっとうしました","bring an influx","ニシンが豊富に採れたことで漁師や商人は裕福になり、「ニシンのゴールドラッシュ」の恩恵にあずかろうと富を求める人々が町に殺到しました。","The abundance of herring made fishermen and traders wealthy and brought an influx of fortune seekers looking to make the most of the “herring gold rush.” "]
[9112,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","その他","富を求める人","とみをもとめるひと","fortune-seekers","19 世紀末までにニシンの年間漁獲量は 9万 トン近くに達し、「ニシンのゴールドラッシュ」により労働者、商人、富を求める人々がこの都市に流入しました。","By the end of the nineteenth century, the annual herring catch was close to 90,000 tons, and the “herring gold rush” brought an influx of workers, merchants, and fortune-seekers to the city. "]
[9113,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","建造物等","数寄屋造り","すきやづくり","sukiya-zukuri","「数寄屋造り」という様式で建てられており、茶室の質素な美意識に基づいた内装が施されていました。","It was built in sukiya-zukuri style with interior decoration based on the simple aesthetics of tea ceremony rooms. ","※「sukiya-zukuri」は日本語の名称で英語ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[9114,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","その他","栄華盛衰","えいがせいすい","changing fortunes","魁陽亭は、小樽の商港としての栄華盛衰を反映していました。","The Kaiyotei reflected Otaru’s changing fortunes as a commercial port. "]
[9115,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","その他","徴発","ちょうはつ","requisition","創業から10年経った時、越中屋ホテルは日本軍に将校の社交場として徴発され、その後、第二次世界大戦の終わりに宿泊施設としてアメリカ軍に収用されました。","Ten years after it opened, the Etchuya Hotel was requisitioned by the Japanese army as an officers’ club, then, at the end of World War II, it was taken over by U.S. forces for accommodations. "]
[9116,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","その他","草の根","くさのね","grassroots","1960年代に新しい道路を作るために運河を埋め立てる計画が持ち上がると、小樽の文化遺産を保全しようという草の根運動に繋がりました。","Plans to fill in the canal to make new roads in the 1960s led to a grassroots effort to preserve Otaru’s cultural heritage."]
[9117,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","その他","舗装された歩道","ほそうされたほどう","paved walkway","舗装された歩道とガス灯が歴史ある小樽運河に並び、以前は倉庫だった建物が今ではレストランや店舗、博物館を収容しています。","A paved walkway and gas lamps line this historic canal, and former warehouses now house restaurants, stores, and museums."]
[9118,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","建造物等","溢流路","いつりゅうろ","spillway","溢流路の石階段と壁はすべて手作業で組まれました。","The stone steps and walls of the spillway were all laid by hand. "]
[9119,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","その他","象徴的な","しょうちょうてきな","iconic","小樽運河沿いに並んだ倉庫群は、小樽の最も象徴的な眺めのいくつかを形成しています。","The warehouses lining Otaru Canal form some of the most iconic views of the city. "]
[9120,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","その他","再利用","さいりよう","repurpose","2022年、この建物は西洋美術館として再利用されることになりました。","In 2022, the building was repurposed as the House of Western Art. "]
[9121,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","建造物等","スパイラルシュート","スパイラルシュート","spiral chute","スパイラルシュートが特徴的な外観は夜間ライトアップされています。","The exterior, with its distinctive spiral chutes, is illuminated at night."]
[9122,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","その他","ホームムービー","ホームムービー","home movies","大正から昭和初期（1912年-1945年）の小樽の繁栄は小樽市総合博物館のホームムービーのコレクションにはっきりと刻まれています。 ","The prosperity of Otaru in the Taisho and early Showa eras (1912–1945) is evident in the collection of home movies at Otaru Museum. "]
[9123,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","社会","近代化","きんだいか","modernize","彼は毎年故郷に戻り、小樽が急速に近代化し、自然環境が変化する様子を描写しました。","He returned to his hometown every year, capturing the city as it rapidly modernized, and its natural environment changed. "]
[9124,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","その他","道具","どうぐ","paraphernalia","この運動のポスター、横断幕、ニュース記事、その他の道具のコレクションが小樽市総合博物館で定期的に展示されています。","A collection of posters, banners, news articles, and other paraphernalia generated by the movement are periodically displayed at the Otaru Museum."]
[9125,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","その他","荒涼とした美しさ","こうりょうとしたうつくしさ","bleak beauty","衰退期にあっても朽ち果てた小舟、使われなくなった建物、泥だらけの運河の風景にある種の荒涼とした美しさを見出した芸術家もいました。","Even in its decline, some artists found a certain bleak beauty in the scenery of decaying barges, disused buildings, and the muddy canal."]
[9126,"北海道","小樽市日本遺産推進協議会","その他","衰退する","すいたいする","decline","1975年から1980年にかけて撮影された約5,000枚の写真に衰退する都市としての小樽が写し出されています。 ","Some 5,000 photographs taken between 1975 and 1980 depict Otaru as a city in decline. "]
[9127,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園地域協議会","レジャー・アクティビティ　","国立公園法","こくりつこうえんほう","the National Parks Act","1931年の国立公園法成立後、1934年から1936年にかけての三年間で、日本政府は最初の12国立公園を指定しました。","The Japanese government designated its first group of 12 national parks in the three years from 1934 to 1936, following the passage of the National Parks Act in 1931. "]
[9128,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園地域協議会","温泉","湯治","とうじ","toji","人々は苦労しながらも湯治場と呼ばれるこの地の宿に湯治に訪れていました。","people went for lengthy hot-spring cures (toji) at the inns, which were known as tojiba. "]
[9129,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園地域協議会","温泉","混浴風呂","こんよくぶろ","konyoku-buro","十和田八幡平国立公園の温泉の特色として、混浴風呂が多いことが挙げられます。","One distinctive feature of the hot springs in Towada-Hachimantai National Park is the large number of mixed baths (konyoku-buro). "]
[9130,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園地域協議会","乗物","駕籠","かご","palanquins","富裕層は駕籠に乗って移動しましたが、一般庶民は布団や米、場合によっては身体の弱った高齢の親族を背負って徒歩で旅しました。","While the wealthy would be transported in palanquins, ordinary citizens walked – carrying their futons, a supply of rice, and possibly even an infirm elderly relative on their back. "]
[9131,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園地域協議会","温泉","銭湯","せんとう","public baths","明治時代（1868-1912）が始まるまで、日本の銭湯や温泉の多くは混浴でした。","Many of the public baths and hot-spring baths in Japan were mixed until the Meiji era (1868–1912)."]
[9132,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園地域協議会","温泉","国民保養温泉地","こくみんほようおんせんち","National Hot Spring Health Resorts"," 酸ヶ湯温泉は群馬四万温泉、日光湯元温泉とともに日本で最初の国民保養温泉地三か所の一つに指定されました。","Sukayu, along with Gunma Shima Onsen and Nikko Yumoto Onsen, was designated one of Japan’s first three National Hot Spring Health Resorts."]
[9133,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園地域協議会","温泉","千人風呂","せんにんぶろ","Senninburo","酸ヶ湯温泉のスケールの大きさを他の何よりも如実に示しているのが、名物の「千人風呂」です。","Nowhere is the massive scale of Sukayu Onsen more evident than in its signature “Bath for a Thousand Bathers” (Senninburo). "]
[9134,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園地域協議会","テーマ施設等","国民宿舎","こくみんしゅくしゃ","people’s inn","フクジロウさんは1953年に57歳の若さで亡くなりましたが、村は温泉とキャンプ場を備えた、利用に助成が適用される「国民宿舎」を建設し、1960年に営業を開始しました。","Although Fukujiro died in 1953 at the relatively young age of 57, the village built a subsidized “people’s inn” (kokumin shukusha) there with hot-spring baths and a campsite, which opened in 1960. "]
[9135,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園地域協議会","書物","日本百名山","にほんひゃくめいざん","One Hundred Mountains of Japan","ちなみに、この2山はどちらも登山家・深田久弥氏がお気に入りの百山を紹介し、成仁親王（現天皇）が好意的なコメントを寄せたことでベストセラーとなった1964年の名著『日本百名山』に取り上げられています。","Incidentally, both mountains are listed in One Hundred Mountains of Japan, a 1964 classic in which mountaineer Fukada Kyuya described his favorite 100 summits; it became a bestseller following praise for the book from Prince Naruhito, who became Emperor of Japan in 2019."]
[9136,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園地域協議会","温泉","混浴露天風呂","こんよくろてんぶろ","outdoor mixed bath","森山荘には3つのお風呂があります：男女別の内湯2つと、5人が入れる小さな混浴露天風呂です。","Mori Sanso has three baths: a couple of single-sex indoor baths and a small outdoor mixed bath that can accommodate five people."]
[9137,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園地域協議会","年中行事","国体","こくたい","national athletic meet","それどころか、噴火が起こった時、この山では国体（の登山大会）が開かれていて、重り入りのザックを背負った登山者が山道で競争していたんです！","In fact, when the eruption occurred, there was a national athletic meet taking place on the mountain, with teams of climbers racing along trails with weighted backpacks!"]
[9138,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園地域協議会","建造物等","樹海ライン","じゅかいらいん"," Jukai Line","八幡平に登る二本の道路（樹海ラインとアスピーテライン）はどちらも10月下旬から4月まで閉鎖されるため、藤七温泉も休業となります。","Both of the roads that go up Mt. Hachimantai – the Jukai Line and the Aspite Line – close from late October to April, and so does Toshichi Onsen."]
[9139,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園地域協議会","温泉","湯浴み着","ゆあみぎ","yuamigi","バスタオルを身体に巻く方が多かったのですが、それでは不便なこともあるので、タオルの会社を見つけて自分でタオル地から湯あみ着を作り始めました。","People often wrap themselves in bath towels, but they’re not the most convenient thing, so I found a towel company and started making yuamigi bath garments from toweling."]
[9140,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園地域協議会","温泉","オンドル","おんどる","ondoru","地熱で温まった地面を利用して身体を温めるこの仕組みはオンドルと呼ばれます。","This system of warming the body atop geothermally heated ground is called ondoru. "]
[9141,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園地域協議会","温泉","露天風呂","ろてんぶろ","outdoor baths","このホリスティックな考え方は、恭子さんが新たに作った言葉で呼ぶ蒸ノ湯の露天風呂にも反映されています。","This holistic attitude is reflected in the outdoor baths of Fuke no Yu, for which Kyoko has coined a new term. "]
[9142,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園地域協議会","食","山菜","さんさい","mountain vegetables","その息子が父親に食べさせるための山菜を採りに出かけたとき、一羽の鶴が傷の手当をしている温泉にたどり着きました。","While his son was scavenging for mountain vegetables for his father to eat, he came across a hot spring where a crane (tsuru in Japanese) was tending its wounds."]
[9143,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園地域協議会","テーマ施設等","国民休暇村","こくみんきゅうかむら","Kokumin Kyukamura","1966年、新しい道路が整備されるに伴って、乳頭温泉郷には、厚生省運営の安価に利用できる保養所「国民休暇村」が建設されました。","In 1966, Kokumin Kyukamura, a reasonably priced holiday resort operated by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, was built in Nyuto Onsenkyo along with new roads."]
[9144,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園地域協議会","建造物等","本陣","ほんじん"," honjin","鶴の湯を構成する6つの建物の中で最も古いのが、幕末に建てられた本陣です。","The oldest of the six buildings that make up Tsuru no Yu is the honjin, which dates from the end of the Tokugawa shogunate. "]
[9145,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園地域協議会","温泉","自炊プラン","じすいぷらん","self-catering option","妙の湯はもともと提供していたハイカーや湯治客のための自炊プランに加え、食事付きのプランも提供するようになりました。 ","Tae no Yu started offering guests meals alongside the original self-catering option for hikers and hot-spring therapy enthusiasts. "]
[9146,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園地域協議会","レジャー・アクティビティ　","慰安旅行","いあんりょこう","company junkets","ツアーの団体客や会社の慰安旅行客で溢れかえっていない温泉を積極的に求めている人がかなりたくさんいました。","a significant minority of people were actively looking for quieter hot springs that were not overrun by tour groups and company junkets."]
[9147,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園地域協議会","温泉","湯守","ゆもり"," yumori","「うちには二人の湯守がいます」と黒湯の会長・池田泰久さんは説明します。","“We have two yumori [‘hot-spring keepers’],” explains Kuroyu chairperson Ikeda Yasuhisa. "]
[9148,"青森県","（十和田八幡平国立公園）十和田八幡平国立公園地域協議会","温泉","湯治棟","とうじとう","toji self-catering blocks","湯治棟は、大正時代（1912-1926）に地元で伐採されたクリ材とスギ材を使って建てられました。","The toji self-catering blocks were constructed in the Taisho era (1912–1926) using chestnut and cedar. "]
[9149,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）裏磐梯ビジターセンター自然体験活動運営協議会","植物","針葉樹林","しんようじゅりん","coniferous forest","これらには、磐梯山近くにある湖や湖沼、西吾妻山の針葉樹林、出羽三山（霊山）が含まれます。","These include lakes and ponds near Mt. Bandai, the coniferous forest of Mt. Nishiazuma, and the Dewa Sanzan sacred mountains."]
[9150,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）裏磐梯ビジターセンター自然体験活動運営協議会","その他","認定基準","にんていきじゅん","certification standard","日本ジオパークネットワークは2015 年に設立されたユネスコ世界ジオパークと同じ指導原則と認定基準に基づいて運営されています。","The JGN operates under the same guiding principles and certification standards as UNESCO Global Geoparks, which was established in 2015."]
[9151,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）裏磐梯ビジターセンター自然体験活動運営協議会","自然現象","泥流","でいりゅう","mudflow","1888年にこの火山が噴火したとき、猪苗代で86人の住民が泥流により亡くなりました。","In 1888 when the volcano erupted, 86 people from Inawashiro perished in a mudflow."]
[9152,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）裏磐梯ビジターセンター自然体験活動運営協議会","社会","循環モデル","じゅんかんもでる","circular model","磐梯山ジオパークは、観光から得られる利益を利用する循環モデルを通じて持続可能な取り組みを行い、教育や保護を促進しています。","Bandaisan Geopark implements sustainable initiatives through a circular model that uses profits from tourism to promote education and conservation."]
[9153,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）裏磐梯ビジターセンター自然体験活動運営協議会","その他","維持","いじ","upkeep","磐梯山ジオパークは、草刈り、砂防、ごみの撤去、探勝路の点検など、危険の排除や看板標識のメンテナンスのためのタスクにより、磐梯山周辺の歴史、文化、自然に関する場所の維持管理を行っています。","The geopark manages the upkeep of the historical, cultural, and natural sites around Mt. Bandai through tasks such as grass mowing, erosion control, litter removal, and inspection of trails to remove hazards and maintain signage."]
[9154,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）裏磐梯ビジターセンター自然体験活動運営協議会","社会","情報共有","じょうほうきょうゆう","information-sharing","日本国内のジオパークの監視、認定に加え、日本ジオパークネットワークは、交流会や情報共有イベントの開催、自然災害被災地への支援も行っています。","In addition to overseeing and certifying the geoparks in Japan, the JGN holds information-sharing events and offers support to areas that have been affected by natural disasters."]
[9155,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）裏磐梯ビジターセンター自然体験活動運営協議会","植物","廃棄木材","はいきもくざい","waste wood","ペレットに廃棄木材を使用すると、より多くのカーボンフットプリント（二酸化炭素排出量）を伴う化石燃料に代わる、優れた代替物となります。","Using waste wood for the pellets makes them a better alternative to fossil fuels, which have a larger carbon footprint."]
[9156,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）裏磐梯ビジターセンター自然体験活動運営協議会","郷土景観","雪室","ゆきむろ","yukimuro","冬には、ビジターセンターの真向かいにある遮断された雪保管室、雪室の中に雪が集められ積み上げられます。","In winter, snow is gathered and piled up inside a yukimuro, or insulated snow storage room, located directly across from the visitor center.","※「yukimuro」は日本語の名称で英語ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[9157,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）裏磐梯ビジターセンター自然体験活動運営協議会","植物","再植林","さいしょくりん","reforestation","再植林を促進する政府の取り組みを通じて、人々は再植林に成功した場合の優遇価格でその地域の土地を購入することができました。","Through government initiatives to promote reforestation, people could purchase land in the area at a preferential rate if they successfully rehabilitated its plant life."]
[9158,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）裏磐梯ビジターセンター自然体験活動運営協議会","動物","クロサンショウウオ","くろさんしょううお","Japanese black salamander","ツキノワグマが森の中で食べるものを探し回っている間に、クロサンショウウオ（学名：Hynobius nigrescens）も冬眠から目を覚し、昆虫や蜘蛛やサワガニを食べます。","While the bears forage in the forest, the Japanese black salamander (Hynobius nigrescens) also comes out of hibernation, feeding on insects, spiders, and freshwater crabs."]
[9159,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）裏磐梯ビジターセンター自然体験活動運営協議会","その他","死骸","しがい","carcass","ツキノワグマはまた、サワガニを食べたり、鹿、ウサギ、その他哺乳類の死骸を食い荒らします。","The bears also eat freshwater crabs and scavenge from the carcasses of deer, rabbits, and other mammals."]
[9160,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）裏磐梯ビジターセンター自然体験活動運営協議会","動物","オコジョ","おこじょ","stoat","秋にたくさん実る木の実やベリーもまた、オコジョやリスその他の小型哺乳類たちを支えています。","The nuts and berries abundant in autumn also sustain the population of stoats, squirrels, and other small mammals. "]
[9161,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）裏磐梯ビジターセンター自然体験活動運営協議会","動物","代謝速度","たいしゃそくど","metabolic rate","冬眠中、クマの代謝速度は遅くなるため、食事や排便をすることなく、蓄積された脂肪で生き延びることができます。","A bear’s metabolic rate slows during hibernation, enabling it to survive on its fat stores without any need to eat or defecate."]
[9162,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）裏磐梯ビジターセンター自然体験活動運営協議会","その他","相互依存","そうごいそん","interdependence","裏磐梯の生物多様性を有する自然環境が持つ活力は、その動植物の相互依存に基づいています。","The vigor of the biodiverse natural environment of Urabandai is based on the interdependence of its plants and animals."]
[9163,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）裏磐梯ビジターセンター自然体験活動運営協議会","植物","ポプラ","ぽぷら","aspen","そよ風が、ポプラの木のてっぺんを通り抜け、ガサガサと音を立て、小川がさらさらと流れています。","A breeze rustles through the tops of aspen trees while a stream burbles gently."]
[9164,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）裏磐梯ビジターセンター自然体験活動運営協議会","その他","派手な色合い","はでないろあい","flashier hues","夏にはヤブサメ (Urosphena squameiceps) とミソサザイ (Troglodytes troglodytes) が落ち着いた茶色の色調で現れ、コルリ (Larvivora ciane) とノジコ (Emberiza sulphurata) が派手な色合いで周囲を活気づけます。","In summer, the Asian stubtail (Urosphena squameiceps) and the Eurasian wren (Troglodytes troglodytes) appear in a palette of muted browns, while the Siberian blue robin (Larvivora cyane) and yellow bunting (Emberiza sulphurata) liven up their surroundings with flashier hues. "]
[9165,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）裏磐梯ビジターセンター自然体験活動運営協議会","その他","豊かさ","ゆたかさ","abundance","地元コミュニティはこの生態系に敬意を表し、この生態系が生み出す恩恵や豊かさを享受しています。","Local communities respect the ecosystem and enjoy the benefits and abundance it provides."]
[9166,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）裏磐梯ビジターセンター自然体験活動運営協議会","工芸・美術","人形","にんぎょう","effigy","12月31日に羽黒山で行われる毎年恒例の松例祭では、藁でできた悪魔の人形に儀式の火入れを行うところを見ることができます。","At the annual Shoreisai Festival, held on Mt. Haguro on December 31, visitors can watch the ritual burning of a straw effigy of a demon."]
[9167,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）裏磐梯ビジターセンター自然体験活動運営協議会","自然現象","生物多様性","せいぶつたようせい","biodiversity","絶え間なく変化する自然風景が裏磐梯の植物の生物多様性や地質史を見せてくれます。","The constantly evolving natural scenery showcases the plant biodiversity and geological history of Urabandai."]
[9168,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）裏磐梯ビジターセンター自然体験活動運営協議会","自然現象","土石流","どせきりゅう","debris flow","この1.2キロメートルの平坦な散策路を進むと、噴火後に土石流により形成された小高い丘の横を通り、中瀬沼近くにある展望台に行くことができます。","This level, 1.2-kilometer trail takes hikers past small hills formed by debris flows after the eruption, to an observation deck near the pond."]
[9169,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）裏磐梯ビジターセンター自然体験活動運営協議会","建造物","遊歩道","ゆうほどう","boardwalk","木でできた遊歩道はこの湿原へのアクセスになっており、また高山植物群を損傷から守る役割もしています。","A wooden boardwalk provides access to the wetland while protecting it from damage."]
[9170,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）裏磐梯ビジターセンター自然体験活動運営協議会","自然現象","成層火山","せいそうかざん","stratovolcano","磐梯山（1,816メートル）は、噴火後に溶岩の温度下がり硬化したときにできる岩である安産岩などの火成物質で構成される活成成層火山です。","Mt. Bandai (1,816 m) is an active stratovolcano composed of igneous materials such as andesite, which is a rock that forms when lava cools and hardens after an eruption."]
[9171,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）裏磐梯ビジターセンター自然体験活動運営協議会","その他","跡","あと","stamp","数十万年にわたる火山活動は、磐梯吾妻・猪苗代地域の山々、湖、湿地、その他の地勢にその跡を残しました。","Volcanic activity over a period of hundreds of thousands of years left its stamp on the mountains, lakes, wetlands, and other natural features of the Bandai-Azuma and Inawashiro region."]
[9172,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）裏磐梯ビジターセンター自然体験活動運営協議会","その他","一帯","いったい","swath of","夏から秋に移るにつれて明るい色は消え、大地の一帯が赤褐色に覆われます。","The bright colors fade away as summer shifts into autumn, and the land is covered in swaths of reddish brown."]
[9173,"福島県","（磐梯朝日国立公園）裏磐梯ビジターセンター自然体験活動運営協議会","植物","原生","げんせい","primeval","この湿原の東側には、猫魔ヶ岳（1,404メートル）の緩やかな斜面に広がるブナの原生林があります。","To the east of the wetlands, a primeval beech forest covers the lower slopes of Mt. Nekomadake (1,404 m)."]
[9174,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","滝","奥日光三名瀑","おくにっこうさんめいばく","Okunikko’s “Three Great Falls”","コースの終点は、奥日光三名瀑に数えられる竜頭 (Dragon’s Head)ノ滝です。","Ryuzu (Dragon’s Head) Falls, one of Okunikko’s “Three Great Falls,” is the trail destination."]
[9175,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","湖沼","涸沼","かれぬま","Karenuma Swamp","コースの湖より光徳側では途中、道中数少ない開けたエリアのひとつである涸沼を通ります。","\nThe trail on the Kotoku side of the lakes passes Karenuma Swamp, one of the few open areas along the route."]
[9176,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","湖沼","切込湖","きりこみこ","Lake Kirikomi","切込湖は、奥日光北部の山奥にある2湖の小さい方です。","Lake Kirikomi is the smaller of two secluded mountain lakes in the northern reaches of Okunikko."]
[9177,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","湖沼","刈込湖","かりこみこ","Lake Karikomi","刈込湖は、奥日光北部の山奥にある2湖の大きい方です。 ","Lake Karikomi is the larger of two secluded mountain lakes in the northern reaches of Okunikko. "]
[9178,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","植物","バイカモ","ばいかも","baikamo","そのため、この沼には、水温が15度より低い清流にしか生育しないバイカモという希少な水生野草が繁茂しており、水面を小さく繊細な白い花で覆っています。","This allows baikamo, a rare aquatic wildflower that can only survive in pristine, flowing water below 15°C, to flourish and blanket the wetland with its delicate white blossoms."]
[9179,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","植物","ズミ","ずみ","Siebold’s crabapple","湿地帯の周縁にはズミ（Siebold’s crabapple）の木立が生い茂っています；ズミは、節くれだった幹と捩れた枝が特徴です。","Groves of zumi, or Siebold’s crabapple, grow around the edges of the wetland; these can be easily identified by their gnarled trunks and twisted branches."]
[9180,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","社会","皇室","こうしつ","imperial household","その後、湯川は湯ノ湖とともに皇室の所有物として管理されました。","The river, along with Lake Yunoko, was later administered as an imperial household property. "]
[9181,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","植物","ニッコウアザミ","にっこうあざみ","Japanese thistle","ここには比較的乾燥した部分に見られる節くれだったズミの木や、明るい紫色のニッコウアザミを含む100種以上の植物が生育しています。","It is home to over 100 species of plants, including the gnarled Siebold’s crabapple trees found in the drier areas and the bright purple Japanese thistles."]
[9182,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","動物","キビタキ","きびたき","narcissus flycatcher","また、夏と冬の戦場ヶ原湿原は、水辺に生息するオシドリや色鮮やかなキビタキなど、さまざまな渡り鳥の中継地でもあります。","It is also a staging area in summer and winter for a wide variety of migratory birds, such as mandarin ducks in aquatic areas and the colorful narcissus flycatchers. "]
[9183,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","植物","ヤチボウズ","やちぼうず","marshland monks","この盛り上がりは、仏僧の剃髪した頭に似ていることから、親しみを込めて「ヤチボウズ（marshland monks）」と呼ばれています。","The mounds are affectionately called yachi-bozu, or “marshland monks,” referring to the shaved heads of Buddhist priests."]
[9184,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","岩石・洞窟","紫龍","しりゅう","the rocks of Shiryu","上流部の「紫龍」の岩石は、その大部分が噴火の初期段階にできる紫がかった安山岩です。","The rocks of Shiryu, the upriver section, are mostly purplish andesite created in the early stages of the eruption."]
[9185,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","岩石・洞窟","青龍","せいりゅう","the rocks of Seiryu","中流部の「青龍」では、岩石は主に火山口から火山灰や岩石片が噴出する際にできる緑色凝灰岩です。","In the middle section, Seiryu, the rocks are primarily green tuff, which is formed when ash and other rock fragments are ejected from a volcanic vent. "]
[9186,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","岩石・洞窟","白龍","はくりゅう","the rocks of Hakuryu","下流部の「白龍」の岩石は、流紋岩という細かい粒子と白っぽい見た目が特徴のシリカを多く含む火山岩が大半を占めます。 ","The rocks of Hakuryu, the downriver section, are predominantly rhyolite, a silica-rich volcanic rock characterized by its fine grain and a white appearance. "]
[9187,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","岩石・洞窟","白岩","しろいわ","White Rock","自然研究路のこの区間は、駐車場を出てすぐのところにある大きなモニュメントの隣に位置する龍王峡駅から始まり、上流の川が曲がるところにある白岩（white rock）で終わります。","This section of the trail begins from Ryuokyo Station, next to the large monument just off the parking lot, and ends at Shiroiwa (White Rock), a bend in the river upstream. "]
[9188,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","河川・渓谷","大観","たいかん","Grand View","自然研究路に沿って龍王峡の中間まで進むと、川の右側の岸に「大観 (Grand View)」と呼ばれるスポットがあります。","Midway along the Ryuokyo Valley, on the right bank of the river, is a spot on the trail called Taikan, or “Grand View.” "]
[9189,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","岩石・洞窟","五光岩","ごこういわ","Light Spectrum Rock","五光岩","Gokoiwa (Light Spectrum Rock) "]
[9190,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","岩石・洞窟","兎はね","とはね","Hopping Rabbit","その幅が4メートルとウサギが十分に飛び越えて渡れるほどの距離であることにちなんで兎はねと名付けられました。","At only 4 meters across, it was named “Hopping Rabbit” since it’s so narrow that “a rabbit could leap across.”"]
[9191,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","岩石・洞窟","かめ穴","かめあな","pothole","龍王峡のこれらの穴は、大きな甕に似ていることから、「かめ穴（potholes）」と呼ばれています。","These holes are called kame-ana, literally “pot holes,” for their resemblance to large pots or kettles. "]
[9192,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","河川・渓谷","懸谷","けんこく","hanging valley","虹見の滝は、大きな渓谷の上に形成される浅い渓谷である「懸谷（hanging valley）」に分類されます。","Nijimi Falls is categorized as a “hanging valley,” a specific type of shallow canyon that forms over a larger one."]
[9193,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","人物・人名・役職名","高龍命","たかおのみこと"," Takao no Mikoto","この神社は、近隣の2つの温泉、鬼怒川温泉と川治温泉の守護神「龍王」である高龍命（たかおのみこと）を祀っています。","The shrine venerates Takao no Mikoto, the “Dragon King” guardian deity of the two nearby hot springs, Kinugawa and Kawaji. "]
[9194,"栃木県","日光市多言語解説整備支援事業検討協議会","滝","竪琴の滝","たてごとの滝","Harp Falls","竪琴（harp）の滝は、高さ5m、幅は最も水量の多い時で3mです。","Tategoto (Harp) Falls is 5 meters high and 3 meters wide during its peak water flow. "]
[9195,"東京都","皇居三の丸尚蔵館","博物館・美術館","三の丸尚蔵館","さんのまるしょうぞうかん","Museum of the Imperial Collections, Sannomaru Shozokan","1993年に開館した三の丸尚蔵館には、何世紀にもわたって皇室が受け継いできた日本で最も貴重な傑作品があります。","Opened in 1993, the Museum of the Imperial Collections, Sannomaru Shozokan, contains thousands of priceless artworks that were passed down over centuries by the Imperial Family. "]
[9196,"東京都","皇居三の丸尚蔵館","書物","絵巻","えまき","emaki","絵巻は、絵巻物を広げると右から左に現れる絵とテキストの組み合わせで物語を描きます。","Emaki depict stories through a combination of pictures and text that is revealed from right to left as the scroll is unrolled."]
[9197,"東京都","皇居三の丸尚蔵館","工芸・美術","漆箱","うるしばこ","lacquer box","漆箱は元々春日権現験記絵を保管していました。","Two-tiered lacquer box that originally held the Kasuga Scrolls."]
[9198,"東京都","皇居三の丸尚蔵館","その他","一期一会","いちごいちえ","ichigo ichie","その結果、三の丸での各展示は、日本のことわざ「一期一会」を思い起こさせるユニークな体験となります。このことわざは「一生に一度の出会い」と訳され、つかの間の人生の繰り返せない瞬間、特に卓越した芸術との出会いの貴重さを表しています。","Often translated as “a once-in-a-lifetime encounter,” ichigo ichie refers to life’s fleeting, unrepeatable moments."]
[9199,"東京都","皇居三の丸尚蔵館","人物・人名・役職名","貴婦人","きふじん","noblewoman","貴族藤原光弘は、大和河の近くの竹の森で謎の貴婦人に出会う。","The aristocrat Fujiwara no Mitsuhiro meets a mysterious noblewoman in a bamboo grove near the Yamato River."]
[9200,"東京都","皇居三の丸尚蔵館","書物","絵巻物","えまきもの","illustrated handscrolls","絵巻物では通常、時間は右から左に流れますが、この異例の挿絵は逆の年代順で2つの場面を示しています。","Time generally flows from right to left in illustrated handscrolls, but this unusual composition presents two scenes in reverse chronological order."]
[9201,"東京都","皇居三の丸尚蔵館","神社・寺院・神仏等","神の使い","かみのつかい","divine envoys","鹿は春日大社の５柱の神の使いとされ、この場面での彼らの存在は、蔵俊への神々の承認を示しています。","Deer are considered divine envoys of the five Kasuga deities, and their presence in the scene indicates Zoshun has gained the deities’ approval."]
[9202,"東京都","皇居三の丸尚蔵館","神社・寺院・神仏等","鳥居","とりい","torii shrine gate","地蔵菩薩が神聖な鳥居を通り抜けるとき、彼は恵珍に、恵珍の献身は十分であり、一時的に他のところへ発つが、最終的には戻ることを約束すると告げています。","As Jizo passes through the sacred torii shrine gate, he tells Echin that Echin’s devotion has been sufficient, and that he is temporarily leaving to give aid to others elsewhere, implying his later return.","※「torii」は英語の辞書に入っているため、斜体で表記しない。但し、「torii」に馴染みがない方のために「shrine gate」を追記すると分かりやすくなる。"]
[9203,"東京都","皇居三の丸尚蔵館","神社・寺院・神仏等","春日大明神","かすがだいみょうじん","Kasuga deities","冬の最初の雪で覆われた木々の広がる晩秋の風景は、春日大明神の住まう神聖な場所を表しています。","This sprawling landscape of late-autumn trees powdered with the first snows of winter represents the sacred dwelling place of the Kasuga deities.","※春日大明神が複数の神の合体のため、複数形「deities」を用いる。"]
[9204,"東京都","皇居三の丸尚蔵館","神社・寺院・神仏等","仏堂","ぶつどう","Buddhist hall","現在の奈良県北西部にある常葉の小さな仏堂の上に虹が現れ、好奇心旺盛な通行人たちを引き寄せます。","A rainbow appears over a small Buddhist hall in Tokiwa in what is now northwestern Nara Prefecture."]
[9205,"東京都","皇居三の丸尚蔵館","人物・人名・役職名","従者","じゅうしゃ","retinue","竹崎季長（1246生まれ）は肥後国（現在の九州熊本県）出身の武士であり、彼の従者と共に、同地域出身の強力な武士である菊池武房（1245–1285）とその部下たちが防御壁に座っている前を通り過ぎながら進軍しています。","The warrior Takezaki Suenaga (b. 1246) from Higo Province (now Kumamoto Prefecture in Kyushu), marches with his retinue past Kikuchi Takefusa (1245–1285), a powerful warrior from the same province, who is sitting on a defensive wall with his men."]
[9206,"東京都","皇居三の丸尚蔵館","人物・人名・役職名","武士","ぶし","warriors","武士たちは前に座り、鎧で識別される一方、船頭たちは後ろで漕ぎます。","The warriors sit in front, identifiable by their armor, while boatmen row in the back.","※侍と武士を区別するように武士を「warriors」と訳す。"]
[9207,"東京都","皇居三の丸尚蔵館","書物","詞","ことば","text","巻物の中心的な人物である武士、竹崎季長（1246生まれ）は描かれておらず、詞によると、すでに前方に漕いで行っています。","Takezaki Suenaga (b. 1246), the primary figure in the narrative, is not depicted as he has already sailed ahead according to the text.","※「詞」を英語の用語やフレーズで表現する良い方法はないので、「text」または「narrative」など、物語の文章を意味する言葉を用いる。"]
[9208,"東京都","皇居三の丸尚蔵館","工芸・美術","足の甲冑","あしのかっちゅう","greaves","頭を守るために、季長は足の甲冑を一つ外して代わりの兜として縛りました。","To protect his head, Suenaga has taken one of the greaves from his legs and tied it on as a substitute helmet."]
[9209,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","郷土景観","山古志","やまこし","Yamakoshi","長岡市山古志地域は、「生きた宝石」と呼ばれるほど美しい錦鯉の生産地として知られています。","The Yamakoshi area of Nagaoka is known for breeding and raising nishikigoi, multicolored ornamental carp considered beautiful enough to be called “living jewels.”"]
[9210,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","郷土景観","錦鯉","にしきごい","nishikigoi","長岡市山古志地域は、「生きた宝石」と呼ばれるほど美しい錦鯉の生産地として知られています。","The Yamakoshi area of Nagaoka is known for breeding and raising nishikigoi, multicolored ornamental carp considered beautiful enough to be called “living jewels.”"]
[9211,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","テーマ施設等","にこにこひろば","にこにこひろば","Nikoniko Hiroba","養鯉場の業者や鯉の生産者は、伝統的な棚田の景観の維持・保全に力を入れており、その景観はにこにこひろばや薬師の陵などから眺めることができます。","Farmers and breeders put great effort into the maintenance and conservation of the traditional terraced scenery, which can be admired from locations such as Nikoniko Hiroba or Yakushi no Oka."]
[9212,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","テーマ施設等","薬師の陵","やくしのおか","Yakushi no Oka","養鯉場の業者や鯉の生産者は、伝統的な棚田の景観の維持・保全に力を入れており、その景観はにこにこひろばや薬師の陵などから眺めることができます。","Farmers and breeders put great effort into the maintenance and conservation of the traditional terraced scenery, which can be admired from locations such as Nikoniko Hiroba or Yakushi no Oka. "]
[9213,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","動物","真鯉","まごい","magoi","それまで、豪雪期には食料調達のために狩猟したり、移動したりすることが困難だったため、冬の食料として黒い真鯉の養鯉を始めたという歴史があります。","Before that, they had raised plain black magoi carp as food for the winter, as it was difficult to hunt or travel to procure provisions during periods of heavy snow."]
[9214,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","芸能・興行・イベント","東京大正博覧会","とうきょうたいしょうはくらんかい","Tokyo Taisho Exhibition ","山古志の錦鯉は、1914年の東京大正博覧会により全国に知られるようになりました。","The nishikigoi of Yamakoshi became known throughout the country after the Tokyo Taisho Exhibition that took place in 1914."]
[9215,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","社会","新潟県中越地震","にいがたけんちゅうえつじしん","the Chuetsu earthquake","2004年の新潟県中越地震では、山古志に甚大な被害が発生し、鯉の池が荒廃し、住民が避難を余儀なくされました。","In 2004, the Chuetsu earthquake in Niigata Prefecture caused extensive damage in Yamakoshi, ruining koi ponds and forcing residents to evacuate.","※「the 2004 Chuetsu earthquake」使用することも可能。"]
[9216,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","建造物等","長岡市山古志支所","ながおかしやまこしししょ","Yamakoshi Branch Office of Nagaoka City Hall ","長岡市山古志支所の屋外や、隣接するやまこし復興交流館おらたる内の水槽では、大きく生き生きとした錦鯉が泳ぐ姿を見られます。","Large, brightly colored carp can be seen swimming in a pool outside the Yamakoshi Branch Office of Nagaoka City Hall and in an aquarium inside the neighboring Orataru Culture Exchange Center."]
[9217,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","テーマ施設等","やまこし復興交流館おらたる","やまこしふっこうこうりゅうかんおらたる","Orataru Culture Exchange Center","長岡市山古志支所の屋外や、隣接するやまこし復興交流館おらたる内の水槽では、大きく生き生きとした錦鯉が泳ぐ姿を見られます。","Large, brightly colored carp can be seen swimming in a pool outside the Yamakoshi Branch Office of Nagaoka City Hall and in an aquarium inside the neighboring Orataru Culture Exchange Center."]
[9218,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","郷土景観","一本杉","いっぽんすぎ","Ipponsugi","薬師の陵のほか、にこにこひろばや山古志支所裏の展望台、古志高原スキー場の近くの「一本杉」も人気のスポットです。","In addition to Yakushi no Oka, other popular locations are Nikoniko Hiroba, a viewing area behind the Yamakoshi Branch Office, and Ipponsugi near the Koshi Kogen Ski Area."]
[9219,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","テーマ施設等","古志高原スキー場","こしこうげんすきーじょう","Koshi Kogen Ski Area","薬師の陵のほか、にこにこひろばや山古志支所裏の展望台、古志高原スキー場の近くの「一本杉」も人気のスポットです。","In addition to Yakushi no Oka, other popular locations are Nikoniko Hiroba, a viewing area behind the Yamakoshi Branch Office, and Ipponsugi near the Koshi Kogen Ski Area."]
[9220,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","郷土景観","寺泊魚の市場通り","てらどまりさかなのいちばどおり","Teradomari Fish Market Street","長岡市民も観光客も新鮮な魚介類や地元の特産品、土産物を求めて寺泊魚の市場通りを訪れます。","Nagaoka residents and sightseers alike head to Teradomari Fish Market Street to visit shops that specialize in fresh fish, regional products, and souvenirs."]
[9221,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","海岸・岬","日本海","にほんかい","Sea of Japan","寺泊魚の市場通りは日本海から徒歩圏内にあり、海の近くで食事や買い物を楽しむことができます。","Teradomari Fish Market Street is located within walking distance of the Sea of Japan coast, allowing visitors to enjoy food and shopping near the ocean."]
[9222,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","集落・街","寺泊","てらどまり","Teradomari","寺泊は、4世紀以上にわたって貿易の中心地でした。","The Teradomari area has been a trade hub for more than four centuries."]
[9223,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","乗物","北前船","きたまえぶね","kitamaebune","寺泊は、瀬戸内海と日本海の間の沿岸航路を往復する北前船の中継地のひとつでした。","It was one of the stops for merchant vessels known as kitamaebune (“north-bound ships”) that sailed the coastal route between the Seto Inland Sea and the Sea of Japan."]
[9224,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","海岸・岬","瀬戸内海","せとないかい","Seto Inland Sea","寺泊は、瀬戸内海と日本海の間の沿岸航路を往復する北前船の中継地のひとつでした。","It was one of the stops for merchant vessels known as kitamaebune (“north-bound ships”) that sailed the coastal route between the Seto Inland Sea and the Sea of Japan."]
[9225,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","集落・街","北国街道","ほっこくかいどう","Hokkoku Kaido","寺泊には北国街道と三国街道という2つの主要な交易路が通っており、現在の長野県と群馬県の大きな商業の中心地へと通じていました。","Two important trading roads, Hokkoku Kaido and Mikuni Kaido, ran from Teradomari to large centers of commerce in present-day Nagano and Gunma Prefectures, respectively."]
[9226,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","集落・街","三国街道","みくにかいどう","Mikuni Kaido","寺泊には北国街道と三国街道という2つの主要な交易路が通っており、現在の長野県と群馬県の大きな商業の中心地へと通じていました。","Two important trading roads, Hokkoku Kaido and Mikuni Kaido, ran from Teradomari to large centers of commerce in present-day Nagano and Gunma Prefectures, respectively."]
[9227,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","その他","角上魚類","かくじょうぎょるい","Kakujo Gyorui","寺泊魚の市場通りは、1974年に鮮魚店「角上魚類」が開店したことで誕生しました。","Teradomari Fish Market Street was established in 1974 with the opening of the fresh seafood shop Kakujo Gyorui."]
[9228,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","食","番屋汁","ばんやじる","banyajiru","また、日替わりの具材を使った海鮮汁「番屋汁」も名物です。","Another specialty is banyajiru, a savory seafood soup made with ingredients that change daily."]
[9229,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","食","餅","もち","mochi","鮮魚のほかに、醤油や味噌、県の名産米を使ったせんべい、餅、団子、そして上質なお酒など新潟県の名産品も数多く取り扱っています。","In addition to fresh fish, the stores offer many Niigata specialties such as soy sauce, miso paste, and products made from the prefecture’s renowned rice, including crackers, mochi and dango sweets, and high-quality sake."]
[9230,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","食","団子","だんご","dango","鮮魚のほかに、醤油や味噌、県の名産米を使ったせんべい、餅、団子、そして上質なお酒など新潟県の名産品も数多く取り扱っています。","In addition to fresh fish, the stores offer many Niigata specialties such as soy sauce, miso paste, and products made from the prefecture’s renowned rice, including crackers, mochi and dango sweets, and high-quality sake."]
[9231,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","島しょ","佐渡島","さどしま","Sado Island","佐渡島を望む日本海から徒歩圏内にあり、海の近くで食事や買い物を楽しむことができます。","It is located within walking distance of the Sea of Japan coast, facing Sado Island, and allows visitors to enjoy food and shopping near the ocean.","※「さどがしま」という読み方もある。"]
[9232,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","食","浜焼き","はまやき","hamayaki","これを「浜焼き」と呼び、新鮮な魚を浜辺や漁港の近くで焼くことを指します。","This cooking style is called hamayaki, which refers to grilling fresh fish on the beach or near a fishing port."]
[9233,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","食","海鮮丼","かいせんどん","kaisendon","人気メニューは海鮮丼（ご飯の上に生の魚介類を乗せたもの）や寿司、そしてカニ料理などです。","Popular menu options include kaisendon (bowls of rice topped with raw seafood), sushi, and crab dishes."]
[9234,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","食","かき氷","かきごおり","kakigori","塩気ある食べ物に加え、アイスクリーム、細かく砕いた氷にシロップをかけたかき氷、そして伝統的な和菓子が揃っています。","Ice cream, shaved ice topped with syrup (kakigori), and traditional Japanese sweets are available in addition to savory foods."]
[9235,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","自然現象","潮","しお","shio","海水と潮の満ち引きを意味する「潮」という漢字に合わせてほんのり塩味が効いており、甘くてクリーミーな味わいです。","Its flavor is sweet and creamy with a hint of salt to match the kanji character for shio, which signifies sea water and the tides."]
[9236,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","芸能・興行・イベント","角突き","つのつき","tsunotsuki","山古志では、牛が闘牛場で競争することを「角突き」と呼びますが、他の地域の人々は「闘牛」や「牛相撲」という呼び名を使います。国の重要無形民俗文化財に指定されています。","Competitions between bulls in the ring are called tsunotsuki (literally “horn thrusting”) in Yamakoshi, while people in other regions use the words for “bullfighting” or “bull sumo.”"]
[9237,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","芸能・興行・イベント","勢子","せこ","seko","闘牛場の「勢子」と呼ばれる試合の担い手は、それぞれの闘いを注意深く観察し、いつ牛を引き離すのが最適かを判断します。","The bull handlers in the ring, called seko, closely watch each bout to decide when it is best to separate the animals."]
[9238,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","建造物等","長岡駅","ながおかえき","Nagaoka Station ","大会当日は長岡駅から闘牛場まで観客を乗せるバスが運行されますが、ほとんどの人は車で訪れます。","A bus is available to take spectators from Nagaoka Station to the bullring on tournament days, but most people travel by car."]
[9239,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","テーマ施設等","山古志闘牛場","やまこしとうぎゅうじょう","Yamakoshi Bullring","大会は5月から11月まで、月に1～2回週末に山古志闘牛場で開催されます。","Tournaments are held from May through November, taking place on weekends once or twice a month at the Yamakoshi Bullring. "]
[9240,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","建造物等","中山隧道","なかやまずいどう","Nakayama Tunnel","長岡南東部の小松倉地区にある中山隧道は、全長877メートルの手掘りによる日本最長トンネルです。","The old Nakayama Tunnel in the Komatsugura area of southeastern Nagaoka is the longest hand-dug tunnel in Japan, stretching for 877 meters. ","※隣に現代の「中山トンネル」も存在しているので、混乱を防ぐために「old Nakayama Tunnel」も可能。"]
[9241,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","集落・街","小松倉","こまつぐら","Komatsugura","長岡南東部の小松倉地区にある中山隧道は、全長877メートルの手掘りによる日本最長トンネルです。","The old Nakayama Tunnel in the Komatsugura area of southeastern Nagaoka is the longest hand-dug tunnel in Japan, stretching for 877 meters. "]
[9242,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","集落・街","広神村","ひろかみむら","Hirokami","小松倉には雑貨店や病院がなく、住民は医療や一部の日用品を近くの広神村と小出（いずれも現魚沼市）に頼らなければなりませんでした。","Komatsugura did not have a general store or a hospital, so the residents had to rely on the nearby villages, Hirokami and Koide (both in present-day Uonuma), for medical treatment and certain daily necessities."]
[9243,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","集落・街","小出","こいで","Koide","小松倉には雑貨店や病院がなく、住民は医療や一部の日用品を近くの広神村と小出（いずれも現魚沼市）に頼らなければなりませんでした。","Komatsugura did not have a general store or a hospital, so the residents had to rely on the nearby villages, Hirokami and Koide (both in present-day Uonuma), for medical treatment and certain daily necessities."]
[9244,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","集落・街","現魚沼市","うおぬまし","Uonuma","小松倉には雑貨店や病院がなく、住民は医療や一部の日用品を近くの広神村と小出（いずれも現魚沼市）に頼らなければなりませんでした。","Komatsugura did not have a general store or a hospital, so the residents had to rely on the nearby villages, Hirokami and Koide (both in present-day Uonuma), for medical treatment and certain daily necessities."]
[9245,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","社会","日中戦争","にっちゅうせんそう","Second Sino-Japanese War","手作業による掘削は速度が遅いことに加えて、洪水や資金調達の問題により遅れが生じ、さらに日中戦争（1937年～1945年）が原因で建設が4年間中断となりました。","In addition to the slow speed of manual digging, flooding and fundraising issues lead to delays, and the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) caused a four-year interruption in construction."]
[9246,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","その他","「掘るまいか」","ほるまいか","Horumaika","映画「掘るまいか」は2003年に公開され、複数の賞を獲得し、トンネルの保存に貢献しました。","The film Horumaika (Should We Dig?) was released in 2003 and won several awards, contributing to the successful preservation of the tunnel."]
[9247,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","時代・歴史組織・団体","日本の土木学会","にほんのどぼくがっかい","Japan Society of Civil Engineers ","日本の土木学会は中山隧道を国の土木遺産の貴重な例としています。","The Japan Society of Civil Engineers lists the old Nakayama Tunnel as a valuable example of the country’s civil engineering heritage."]
[9248,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","建造物等","巴ヶ丘山荘","ともえがおかさんそう","Tomoegaoka Villa","巴ヶ丘山荘は裕福な高橋家によって1896年に建てられ、周囲にはモミジや桜が植わる大きな庭園を有しています。","Tomoegaoka Villa was built in 1896 by the affluent Takahashi family, and a large garden with maple and cherry trees was planted around it."]
[9249,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","人物・人名・役職名","高橋家","たかはしけ","Takahashi family","巴ヶ丘山荘は裕福な高橋家によって1896年に建てられ、周囲にはモミジや桜が植わる大きな庭園を有しています。","Tomoegaoka Villa was built in 1896 by the affluent Takahashi family, and a large garden with maple and cherry trees was planted around it."]
[9250,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","庭園・公園","もみじ園","もみじえん","Momijien ","1989年に「もみじ園」と呼ばれる公共の庭園になりました。","In 1989, the property became a public garden known as Momijien (“maple garden”). "]
[9251,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","芸能・興行・イベント","もみじ祭り","もみじまつり","Momiji Matsuri","もみじ園は、春は桜、秋は鮮やかな紅葉と10月末から11月下旬までのもみじ祭りで人気の観光スポットです。","Momijien is popular in spring for cherry blossoms and in autumn for brightly colored foliage and an event called the Momiji Matsuri (Maple Festival), held from late October to late November."]
[9252,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","テーマ施設等","髙九蔵Café","たかくぐらかふぇ","Takakugura Café","入口の門の近くには蔵を改装した「髙九蔵Cafe」があり、ドリンクやスイーツ、軽食を提供しています。","Near the entrance gate is the Takakugura Café, a converted traditional storehouse where customers can purchase drinks, sweets, and light meals."]
[9253,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","植物","イロハモミジ","いろはもみじ","Japanese maple","5種類の中、最も本数が多いのは日本に古くから伝わるイロハモミジです。","Five species of maple were specially brought from Kyoto when the garden was originally planted; among them, the classic Japanese maples (Acer palmatum) are the most numerous."]
[9254,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","植物","ソメイヨシノ","そめいよしの","Yoshino cherry","もみじ園の庭園にはモミジの他にソメイヨシノやヤマザクラもあります。","In addition to maples, Momijien contains Yoshino cherry (Prunus yedoensis) and mountain cherry trees (Cerasus jamasakura)."]
[9255,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","植物","ヤマザクラ","やまざくら","mountain cherry","もみじ園の庭園にはモミジの他にソメイヨシノやヤマザクラもあります。","In addition to maples, Momijien contains Yoshino cherry (Prunus yedoensis) and mountain cherry trees (Cerasus jamasakura)."]
[9256,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","神社・寺院・神仏等","観音菩薩","かんのんぼさつ","Kannon Bodhisattva","境内には観音菩薩などの石仏が安置されています。","Several stone Buddhist sculptures, including one of Kannon, the bodhisattva of compassion, are placed throughout the grounds."]
[9257,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","集落・街","神谷","かみや","Kamiya","20世紀初頭まで巴ヶ丘山荘は現在の長岡市神谷地域の大地主、高橋家が所有していました。","Until the early twentieth century, Tomoegaoka Villa belonged to the Takahashi family, wealthy landowners from the Kamiya area of present-day Nagaoka."]
[9258,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","人物・人名・役職名","高橋九郎","たかはしくろう","Takahashi Kuro ","山荘の建設を命じたのは、一族の10代目当主である高橋九郎(1851年～1922年)でした。","The construction was ordered by Takahashi Kuro (1851–1922), the tenth head of the family. "]
[9259,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","人物・人名・役職名","シドニー・ウェッブ","しどにー・うぇっぶ","Sidney Webb","英国の経済学者で改革者であるシドニー・ウェッブ（1859年～1947年）と、その妻で社会学者及び社会経済研究者であるベアトリス・ウェッブ（1858年～1943年）を含む多くの影響力のあるゲストが巴ヶ丘山荘を訪れ、彼と討論や意見交換を行いました。","Many influential guests visited Tomoegaoka Villa to debate and exchange ideas, including Sidney Webb (1859–1947), a British economist and reformer, and his wife Beatrice Webb (1858–1943), a sociologist and socioeconomic researcher."]
[9260,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","人物・人名・役職名","ベアトリス・ウェッブ","べあとりす・うぇっぶ","Beatrice Webb","英国の経済学者で改革者であるシドニー・ウェッブ（1859年～1947年）と、その妻で社会学者及び社会経済研究者であるベアトリス・ウェッブ（1858年～1943年）を含む多くの影響力のあるゲストが巴ヶ丘山荘を訪れ、彼と討論や意見交換を行いました。","Many influential guests visited Tomoegaoka Villa to debate and exchange ideas, including Sidney Webb (1859–1947), a British economist and reformer, and his wife Beatrice Webb (1858–1943), a sociologist and socioeconomic researcher."]
[9261,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","建造物等","寄棟造","よせむねづくり","yosemune-zukuri ","山荘は寄棟造平屋建てです。","The villa is a single-story, hipped-roof structure built in the yosemune-zukuri architecture style."]
[9262,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","建造物等","桜の間","さくらのま","Sakura no Ma","内部には茶室と「桜の間」、「もみじの間」、「囲炉裏の間」、「松の間」などのポエム的な名前が付けられたいくつかの伝統的な座敷があります。","Inside, there is a tea room and several traditional parlors with poetic names such as Sakura no Ma (“cherry chamber”), Momiji no Ma (“maple chamber”), Irori no Ma (“hearth chamber”), and Matsuki no Ma (“pine chamber”)."]
[9263,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","建造物等","もみじの間","もみじのま","Momiji no Ma","内部には茶室と「桜の間」、「もみじの間」、「囲炉裏の間」、「松の間」などのポエム的な名前が付けられたいくつかの伝統的な座敷があります。","Inside, there is a tea room and several traditional parlors with poetic names such as Sakura no Ma (“cherry chamber”), Momiji no Ma (“maple chamber”), Irori no Ma (“hearth chamber”), and Matsuki no Ma (“pine chamber”)."]
[9264,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","建造物等","囲炉裏の間","いろりのま","Irori no Ma","内部には茶室と「桜の間」、「もみじの間」、「囲炉裏の間」、「松の間」などのポエム的な名前が付けられたいくつかの伝統的な座敷があります。","Inside, there is a tea room and several traditional parlors with poetic names such as Sakura no Ma (“cherry chamber”), Momiji no Ma (“maple chamber”), Irori no Ma (“hearth chamber”), and Matsuki no Ma (“pine chamber”)."]
[9265,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","建造物等","松の間","まつきのま","Matsuki no Ma","内部には茶室と「桜の間」、「もみじの間」、「囲炉裏の間」、「松の間」などのポエム的な名前が付けられたいくつかの伝統的な座敷があります。","Inside, there is a tea room and several traditional parlors with poetic names such as Sakura no Ma (“cherry chamber”), Momiji no Ma (“maple chamber”), Irori no Ma (“hearth chamber”), and Matsuki no Ma (“pine chamber”)."]
[9266,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","神社・寺院・神仏等","薬師如来","やくしにょらい","Yakushi Buddha","境内には慈悲の観音菩薩や医学の薬師如来などの石仏が安置されています。","Several stone sculptures of Buddhist divinities, including Kannon, the bodhisattva of compassion, and Yakushi Buddha, the deity of medicine and healing, are placed throughout the grounds. "]
[9267,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","人物・人名・役職名","平澤與之助","ひらさわよのすけ","Hirasawa Yonosuke","朝日酒造の創立者である平澤與之助（生1885年）の旧住宅は1934年に完成し、伝統的な日本の建築とアール・デコ調の要素が巧みに組み合わされています。","The former residence of Hirasawa Yonosuke (b. 1885), the founder of Asahi-Shuzo Sake Brewing Company, was completed in 1934 and skillfully combines traditional Japanese architecture and art deco-inspired elements. "]
[9268,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","時代・歴史組織・団体","朝日酒造","あさひしゅぞう","Asahi-Shuzo Sake Brewing Company","朝日酒造の創立者である平澤與之助（生1885年）の旧住宅は1934年に完成し、伝統的な日本の建築とアール・デコ調の要素が巧みに組み合わされています。","The former residence of Hirasawa Yonosuke (b. 1885), the founder of Asahi-Shuzo Sake Brewing Company, was completed in 1934 and skillfully combines traditional Japanese architecture and art deco-inspired elements. "]
[9269,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","建造物等","松籟閣","しょうらいかく","Shoraikaku","「松籟閣」という詩的な建物の名前は、「松のそよぐ風の音の閣」と訳すことができます。","Shoraikaku, the poetic name of the residence, can be translated as “pavilion of the sound of wind rustling in the pines.” "]
[9270,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","人物・人名・役職名","平澤家","ひらさわけ","Hirasawa family","かつて松籟閣に平澤家を訪ねる客は、切妻屋根と大きな車寄せのある正玄関から入りました。","Guests calling on the Hirasawa family at Shoraikaku came in through the main entrance, which has a gabled roof and a large carriage porch."]
[9271,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","建造物等","花頭窓","かとうまど","katomado","正玄関の脇にある鐘形の花頭窓には、住宅の名前にちなんで松葉文様が施されています。","The bell-shaped katomado window by the formal entryway is decorated with a pine-needle design in reference to the name of the residence."]
[9272,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","建造物等","松籟の間","しょうらいのま","Shorai no Ma","小座敷を通り、正玄関を入ってすぐのところに、「松籟の間」という応接室があります。","Past a small parlor or through the anteroom just inside the main entrance is the Shorai no Ma reception room."]
[9273,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","建造物等","格天井","ごうてんじょう","coffered ceiling","その広い部屋には高い格天井があり、戸棚には鳥や花の絵が描かれ、床の間にはヤシの木の柱が使われ、欄間には鷲や梟の姿が彫られています。","The large space has a high coffered ceiling, paintings of birds and flowers on the cabinet doors, a palm-tree pillar in the tokonoma alcove, and transoms carved with eagle and owl figures."]
[9274,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","建造物等","すだれ","すだれ","sudare","夏には襖がすだれに変わり、昔の豪華な邸宅を彷彿とさせます。","In summer, the sliding doors are replaced with sudare reed blinds, evoking an image of luxurious palaces of old."]
[9275,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","建造物等","朝日の間","あさひのま","Asahi no Ma","「朝日の間」と呼ばれるこの書斎は、当主の私室としての役割を果たした日本風の伝統的な空間です。","The study, called Asahi no Ma (“dawn chamber”), is a more traditional Japanese space that served as the private room of the head of the house."]
[9276,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","建造物等","タガヤサン","たがやさん","Senna siamea wood","床の間の柱には希少な木材タガヤサンを使用し、欄間の格子は伝統的な吉祥文様が表現され、天井の縁には繊細に編まれた網代をあしらうなど、他にも多くの意匠が部屋の装飾のために使用されています。","The pillar in the tokonoma is made of rare Senna siamea wood, the transom latticework forms a traditional auspicious pattern, the edges of the ceiling are adorned with delicate strips of woven wood, and many other design features are used to embellish the room."]
[9277,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","食","日本酒","にほんしゅ","nihonshu","長岡は、米の発酵飲料である酒（日本酒）の有名な産地です。","Nagaoka is a famous production center of sake (nihonshu), an alcoholic beverage made from fermented rice."]
[9278,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","食","麹","こうじ","koji","これは、麹（カビで培養した蒸米）を作るための特別なカビの繁殖や醪（酵母、更に蒸米、麹、水の混合物）の発酵速度などの制御に役立ちます。","\nThis helps control the propagation of the special mold for making koji (steamed rice cultivated with the mold) and the fermentation rate of the sake mash: a mixture of yeast, more steamed rice, koji, and water."]
[9279,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","食","醪","もろみ","sake mash","これは、麹（カビで培養した蒸米）を作るための特別なカビの繁殖や醪（酵母、更に蒸米、麹、水の混合物）の発酵速度などの制御に役立ちます。","This helps control the propagation of the special mold for making koji (steamed rice cultivated with the mold) and the fermentation rate of the sake mash: a mixture of yeast, more steamed rice, koji, and water."]
[9280,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","食","越後国","えちごのくに","Echigo Province","越後国（現在の新潟県）の酒造家は、何世紀にもわたって地域の気候や自然の恵みを最大限に活かすために経験を積み、技術を磨き続けてきました。","Over the centuries, sake brewers in Echigo Province (present-day Niigata Prefecture) built on their experience and honed their skills to make the most of the region’s climate and natural bounty."]
[9281,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","食","越後杜氏","えちごとうじ","Echigo Toji","その結果として生まれた醸造スタイルは、かつての国の名前と酒造りの熟練者の称号である杜氏にちなんで、「越後杜氏」として知られるようになりました。","The resulting brewing style came to be known as Echigo Toji, referencing the name of the old province and the title of a master brewer, toji."]
[9282,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","食","杜氏","とうじ","toji","その結果として生まれた醸造スタイルは、かつての国の名前と酒造りの熟練者の称号である杜氏にちなんで、「越後杜氏」として知られるようになりました。","The resulting brewing style came to be known as Echigo Toji, referencing the name of the old province and the title of a master brewer, toji."]
[9283,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","食","摂田屋","せったや","Settaya","昔ながらの街並みの中で酒の文化を愉しむなら、醤油、味噌、酒の老舗が集まる摂田屋という醸造の歴史ある街を散策してみませんか。","To enjoy the sake culture in a traditional townscape, stroll through the brewery town of Settaya, a historic area with long-established shops that specialize in making soy sauce, miso paste, and sake."]
[9284,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","食","吉乃川酒ミュージアム醸蔵","よしのがわさけみゅーじあむじょうぐら","Yoshinogawa Sake Museum Joh-gura","摂田屋には2つの酒蔵と酒づくりに関するビデオや写真、道具などを展示する「吉乃川酒ミュージアム醸蔵」があります。","In Settaya, there are two sake breweries and Yoshinogawa Sake Museum Joh-gura, which features educational videos, photographs, and tools related to sake production."]
[9285,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","食","ぽんしゅ館","ぽんしゅかん","Ponshukan Marketplace","長岡駅の「ぽんしゅ館」には、約100種類の酒が揃う利き酒コーナーがあり、住民だけでなく観光客にも人気です。 ","Ponshukan Marketplace in Nagaoka Station has a tasting room with about a hundred varieties of sake, making it a popular stop for residents and tourists alike."]
[9286,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","食","栃尾のあぶらげ","とちおのあぶらげ","Tochio aburage","栃尾のあぶらげや新潟風タレかつ、日本海で獲れた新鮮な魚介類などの郷土料理を様々な酒と合わせて、長岡の味と雰囲気を感じられるお料理としてお楽しみください。","Tochio aburage deep-fried tofu, Niigata-style tarekatsu pork cutlets, and fresh seafood caught in the Sea of Japan can be paired with different kinds of sake to create meals that capture the flavors and the atmosphere of Nagaoka."]
[9287,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","食","タレかつ","たれかつ","tarekatsu","栃尾のあぶらげや新潟風タレかつ、日本海で獲れた新鮮な魚介類などの郷土料理を様々な酒と合わせて、長岡の味と雰囲気を感じられるお料理としてお楽しみください。","Tochio aburage deep-fried tofu, Niigata-style tarekatsu pork cutlets, and fresh seafood caught in the Sea of Japan can be paired with different kinds of sake to create meals that capture the flavors and the atmosphere of Nagaoka."]
[9288,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","食","油揚げ","あぶらあげ","abura-age","日本料理に詳しい人なら、「あぶらげ」という言葉が揚げ豆腐の一般用語である「油揚げ」の異なる言い方であることに気づくかもしれません。","Those who are familiar with Japanese cuisine may notice that the word aburage is a variant of abura-age, a common term for deep-fried tofu."]
[9289,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","食","笹団子","ささだんご","sasa dango","新潟県の伝統的なお菓子といえば、笹団子。笹の葉に包まれたモチモチの蒸し団子です。","Some of the most popular traditional confections from Niigata Prefecture are sasa dango: steamed, chewy dango (rice flour dumplings) that come wrapped in sasa bamboo leaves."]
[9290,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","食","笹","ささ","sasa","新潟県の伝統的なお菓子といえば、笹団子。笹の葉に包まれたモチモチの蒸し団子です。","Some of the most popular traditional confections from Niigata Prefecture are sasa dango: steamed, chewy dango (rice flour dumplings) that come wrapped in sasa bamboo leaves."]
[9291,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","食","端午の節句","たんごのせっく","Tango no Sekku","新潟県では、子供の日としても知られる端午の節句の5月初旬のお祝いに笹団子を食べる習慣が古くからあります。","In Niigata Prefecture, there is a long-standing custom of eating sasa dango for the early May celebration of Tango no Sekku (also known as Children’s Day)."]
[9292,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","食","柏餅","かしわもち","kashiwa mochi","他の多くの地域に普段選ばれる端午の節句の菓子は柏の葉で包んだ柏餅ですから、これは注目すべき内容です。","This is notable because in many other regions, the preferred Tango no Sekku confection is oak leaf-wrapped kashiwa mochi."]
[9293,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","食","生姜醤油ラーメン","しょうがじょうゆらーめん","shoga joyu ramen","長岡のソウルフードは生姜醤油ラーメンと呼ばれる、生姜と醤油の風味豊かな麺入りスープです。","A Nagaoka comfort food called shoga joyu ramen is a savory noodle soup brimming with ginger and soy sauce flavors. "]
[9294,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","食","メンマ","めんま","menma","スープは各店舗独自のレシピで作られていますが、具はほぼ同じで、ほうれん草や発酵させたタケノコ（メンマ）、ネギ、チャーシュー、海苔一枚です。","Each shop uses its own recipe for the soup broth, but the ramen toppings are generally the same: spinach, fermented bamboo shoots (menma), spring onions, slices of roasted pork, and a sheet of nori seaweed."]
[9295,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","食","レンゲ","れんげ","renge","他のラーメンの種類と同様に、一方の手に箸、もう一方の手にレンゲを持ち、麺を食べたり温かい風味良好なスープをすすったりして食べるのが人気の食べ方です。","As with other types of ramen, a popular way to enjoy it is to hold the chopsticks in one hand and the Chinese soup spoon (renge) in the other, alternating between eating the noodles and sipping the warm, savory broth."]
[9296,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","食","へぎそば","へぎそば","hegi soba","「へぎそば」として知られている新潟県のそばは、海藻をつなぎとして使用し、一口大に巻いて「へぎ」と呼ばれるトレイに盛り付けて提供されます。","A variety of soba (buckwheat noodles) from Niigata Prefecture, known as hegi soba, is made with seaweed as a binding agent and served coiled into bite-sized portions on a tray called a hegi."]
[9297,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","食","へぎ","へぎ","hegi","「へぎそば」として知られている新潟県のそばは、海藻をつなぎとして使用し、一口大に巻いて「へぎ」と呼ばれるトレイに盛り付けて提供されます。","A variety of soba (buckwheat noodles) from Niigata Prefecture, known as hegi soba, is made with seaweed as a binding agent and served coiled into bite-sized portions on a tray called a hegi."]
[9298,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","食","つゆ","つゆ","tsuyu","代わりに、だしと醤油から作られた冷たいつゆという風味豊かなつけ汁が入ったカップが付いてきます。","Instead, the meal comes with a cup of cold tsuyu, savory dipping sauce made from dashi broth and soy sauce."]
[9299,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","食","布海苔","ふのり","funori","へぎそばのつなぎには紅藻の一種である布海苔（ふのり）が使われています。","The binding agent used in hegi soba is a variety of red seaweed (funori)."]
[9300,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","食","中越","ちゅうえつ","Chuetsu","へぎそばは、そば屋の店主が布海苔を麺のつなぎとして使用できることに着目し、新潟の中越地域で開発されたと言われています。","Hegi soba was supposedly developed in the Chuetsu region of Niigata Prefecture, which includes Nagaoka, when a soba shop owner recognized the potential of using funori as a binding agent for noodles."]
[9301,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","食","七味","しちみ","shichimi","一般的には、刻みネギ、わさび、七味、すりゴマなどがチョイスされます。","Common choices include chopped spring onions, wasabi, shichimi spice, and ground sesame seeds."]
[9302,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","食","そば湯","そばゆ","soba-yu","食事の最中で店員が温かいそば湯（麺を茹でる際に使用した湯）の入ったポットをテーブルの上に置くことがあります。","At some point, waitstaff may place a pot of hot soba-yu (water that was used to boil the noodles) on the table. "]
[9303,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","動植物園・水族館","越後丘陵公園","えちごきゅうりょうこうえん","Echigo Hillside Park ","越後丘陵公園は、長岡市の西端に位置する国営公園で、その広大なレクリエーションエリアには手入れのゆき届いた庭園や自然遊歩道、そして豊富な屋内外のアトラクションがあります。","The Echigo Hillside Park is a national government park on the western edge of Nagaoka with a vast recreational area that contains carefully landscaped gardens, nature trails, and an abundance of indoor and outdoor attractions. ","※日本語の公式名は「国営越後丘陵公園」。"]
[9304,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","動植物園・水族館","健康ゾーン","けんこうぞーん","Kenko (Health Promotion) Zone, Kenko Zone","広さは340ヘクタールで、北側の「健康ゾーン」と南側の「里山フィールドミュージアム」の2つの主要エリアに分かれています。","The park’s sprawling 340 hectares are split into two main areas, the northern Kenko (Health Promotion) Zone and the southern Satoyama Field Museum."]
[9305,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","動植物園・水族館","里山フィールドミュージアム","さとやまふぃーるどみゅうじあむ","Satoyama Field Museum","広さは340ヘクタールで、北側の「健康ゾーン」と南側の「里山フィールドミュージアム」の2つの主要エリアに分かれています。","The park’s sprawling 340 hectares are split into two main areas, the northern Kenko (Health Promotion) Zone and the southern Satoyama Field Museum."]
[9306,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","動植物園・水族館","香りのバラ園","かおりのばらえん","Fragrant Rose Garden","健康ゾーンで最も人気のある場所の1つは、「香りのバラ園」です。曲がりくねった小道があり、約800種、2,400本の色とりどりのバラの茂みの中をゆっくりと散策できます。","One of the most popular attractions in the Kenko Zone is the Fragrant Rose Garden, where winding paths allow for a leisurely stroll among 2,400 colorful rose bushes representing around 800 species."]
[9307,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","動植物園・水族館","香りのエリア","かおりのえりあ","Fragrance Area ","例えば、「香りのエリア」はフルーティーやスパイシーといったバラの香りのタイプごとに分けられており、「色彩のエリア」はバラの花の色によるグラデーションが作られています。","For example, the Fragrance Area groups roses by scent type, such as fruity or spicy, and the Color Area showcases the roses through a gradation of hues."]
[9308,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","動植物園・水族館","色彩のエリア","しきさいのえりあ","Color Area ","例えば、「香りのエリア」はフルーティーやスパイシーといったバラの香りのタイプごとに分けられており、「色彩のエリア」はバラの花の色によるグラデーションが作られています。","For example, the Fragrance Area groups roses by scent type, such as fruity or spicy, and the Color Area showcases the roses through a gradation of hues."]
[9309,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","動植物園・水族館","「ふわふわドーム」のトランポリン","「ふわふわどーむ」のとらんぽりん","“fluffy dome” trampolines","公園を象徴する雲の形をした「ふわふわドーム」のトランポリン、滑り台、ジップライン、芝そりエリアは子供たちに人気です。","The park’s iconic, cloud-shaped “fluffy dome” trampolines, slides, ziplines, and the grass sledding area are popular with children."]
[9310,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","動植物園・水族館","雪割草","ゆきわりそう","yukiwariso","展望台への道の途中の、専用エリアには雪割草（英語でヘパティカ、バーズアイプリムローズとも呼ばれる）が植えられています。","A special land plot located on the way to the observatory is dedicated to yukiwariso (literally “flower that breaks through the snow”), also known as hepatica or bird’s-eye primrose."]
[9311,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","動植物園・水族館","里山","さとやま","satoyama","里山は、人々が農耕、木の実や山菜などの採集、薪集めを行っていた山の麓の地帯で、地域の生態系の保護に役立つ持続可能な方法で天然資源を利用していました。","Satoyama (literally “village mountains”) were mountainous areas where people used to farm, forage, and gather firewood, using the natural resources in a sustainable way that helped conserve the local ecosystems. "]
[9312,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","動植物園・水族館","花の森","はなのもり","Flower Forest","「花の森」の遊歩道には、春から秋にかけて野草や花々が豊富に生い茂り、冬が終わるとすぐに100万本を超えるカタクリが開花します。","Along the Flower Forest trail, wild grasses and flowers abound from spring to autumn, and over a million dogtooth violets bloom shortly after winter’s end."]
[9313,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","動植物園・水族館","越後三山","えちごさんざん","Three Mountains of Echigo","遊歩道は、越後三山（八海山、越後駒ヶ岳、中ノ岳）と周囲の風景を一望できる展望ポイントへと続いています。","The trail leads to an observation point with a panoramic view of the surrounding landscape and the Three Mountains of Echigo (Mt. Hakkai, Mt. Echigo-Komagatake, and Mt. Nakanodake)."]
[9314,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","動植物園・水族館","八海山","はっかいさん","Mt. Hakkai","遊歩道は、越後三山（八海山、越後駒ヶ岳、中ノ岳）と周囲の風景を一望できる展望ポイントへと続いています。","The trail leads to an observation point with a panoramic view of the surrounding landscape and the Three Mountains of Echigo (Mt. Hakkai, Mt. Echigo-Komagatake, and Mt. Nakanodake)."]
[9315,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","動植物園・水族館","越後駒ヶ岳","えちごこまがたけ"," Mt. Echigo-Komagatake","遊歩道は、越後三山（八海山、越後駒ヶ岳、中ノ岳）と周囲の風景を一望できる展望ポイントへと続いています。","The trail leads to an observation point with a panoramic view of the surrounding landscape and the Three Mountains of Echigo (Mt. Hakkai, Mt. Echigo-Komagatake, and Mt. Nakanodake)."]
[9316,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","動植物園・水族館","中ノ岳","なかのだけ","Mt. Nakanodake","遊歩道は、越後三山（八海山、越後駒ヶ岳、中ノ岳）と周囲の風景を一望できる展望ポイントへと続いています。","The trail leads to an observation point with a panoramic view of the surrounding landscape and the Three Mountains of Echigo (Mt. Hakkai, Mt. Echigo-Komagatake, and Mt. Nakanodake)."]
[9317,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","動植物園・水族館","パークゴルフ","ぱーくごるふ","“park golf”","このゾーンでは他にも、無料の貸出道具一式を備えたパークゴルフ（クロッケーとゴルフの融合）や、小さな子供向けに造られた小さな障害物コースのある遊び場などのアクティビティが利用可能です。","Other activities in this zone include “park golf” (a cross between croquet and golf) with free equipment and a playground with a small obstacle course designed for younger children."]
[9318,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","動植物園・水族館","雪国植物園","ゆきぐにしょくぶつえん","Yukiguni Botanical Gardens","雪国植物園には、長岡市の多雪地帯の里山エリアに自生する植物が850種以上あります。","The Yukiguni Botanical Gardens are specially dedicated to preserving a balanced satoyama environment without any alpine, coastal, non-native, or ornamental plants."]
[9319,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","動植物園・水族館","エゾアジサイ","えぞあじさい","Ezo hydrangea","夏はエゾアジサイ、キキョウ、ネムノキ、数種類のユリなどの植物が見られます。","Summer is the season for Ezo hydrangea, bellflower, silk tree, and several types of lilies."]
[9320,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","動植物園・水族館","ツワブキ","つわぶき","Japanese silverleaf (tsuwabuki)","秋に花を咲かせるのは、アカバナ、ヒガンバナ、ムラサキシキブ、リンドウ、ツワブキなどがあります。","The species that bloom in autumn include willow herb, red spider lily, Japanese beautyberry, gentian, and Japanese silverleaf (tsuwabuki)."]
[9321,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","動植物園・水族館","長岡野鳥の会","ながおかやちょうのかい","Nagaoka Wild Bird Society ","春と秋には「長岡野鳥の会」の後援のもと探鳥会が開催されます。","Birdwatching events guided by the Nagaoka Wild Bird Society take place in spring and autumn."]
[9322,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","庭園・公園","楽山苑","らくざんえん","Rakuzan’en Garden","楽山苑は、江戸時代（1603年～1867年）の豪商、大坂屋三輪家が所有していた別邸の跡地にあります。","The Rakuzan’en Garden is located on the former grounds of a villa once owned by the Osakaya Miwa family, who were wealthy merchants in the Edo period (1603–1867). "]
[9323,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","庭園・公園","大坂屋三輪家","おおさかやみわけ","Osakaya Miwa family","楽山苑は、江戸時代（1603年～1867年）の豪商、大坂屋三輪家が所有していた別邸の跡地にあります。","The Rakuzan’en Garden is located on the former grounds of a villa once owned by the Osakaya Miwa family, who were wealthy merchants in the Edo period (1603–1867). "]
[9324,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","庭園・公園","与板","よいた","Yoita","当苑は急斜面に位置し、主屋から長岡市与板エリアとその向こうの山々が一望できます。","The garden is laid out on a steep slope, and the main building commands a panoramic view of the Yoita area of Nagaoka and the mountains beyond."]
[9325,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","庭園・公園","越中国","えっちゅうのくに","Etchu Province","三輪家はもともと越中国（現在の富山県）の武家でしたが、のちに長岡に移り住み、商家・大坂屋で職を見つけました。","The Miwa family originally belonged to the warrior class of Etchu Province (present-day Toyama Prefecture), but later moved to Nagaoka and found employment with the Osakaya merchant family."]
[9326,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","庭園・公園","商家・大坂屋","しょうか・おおさかや","Osakaya merchant family","三輪家はもともと越中国（現在の富山県）の武家でしたが、のちに長岡に移り住み、商家・大坂屋で職を見つけました。","The Miwa family originally belonged to the warrior class of Etchu Province (present-day Toyama Prefecture), but later moved to Nagaoka and found employment with the Osakaya merchant family."]
[9327,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","庭園・公園","楽山亭","らくざんてい","Rakuzantei","城のような擁壁に沿って曲がりくねった坂道を登ると、楽山苑の中心である建物「楽山亭」に至ります。","The path up the slope winds along castle-like retaining walls, leading to the Rakuzantei house, the heart of the Rakuzan’en Garden. "]
[9328,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","庭園・公園","三輪潤太郎","みわじゅんたろう","Miwa Juntaro","楽山亭は、1892年に大坂屋三輪家11代当主、三輪潤太郎によって建てられました。","Rakuzantei was built in 1892 by Miwa Juntaro, the 11th head of the Osakaya Miwa family. "]
[9329,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","庭園・公園","積翠菴","せきすいあん","Sekisui’an","坂をさらに上ったところに、現在は新潟市の北方文化博物館に保存されている茶室「積翠菴」を再現した建物が建っています。","Further up the slope is Sekisui’an, a replica of a tea house that is now preserved at the Northern Culture Museum in the city of Niigata."]
[9330,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","庭園・公園","北方文化博物館","ほっぽうぶんかはくぶつかん"," Northern Culture Museum","坂をさらに上ったところに、現在は新潟市の北方文化博物館に保存されている茶室「積翠菴」を再現した建物が建っています。","Further up the slope is Sekisui’an, a replica of a tea house that is now preserved at the Northern Culture Museum in the city of Niigata."]
[9331,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","庭園・公園","観音堂","かんのんどう","Kannondo Hall","積翠菴の先には小さな観音堂があり、14世紀に彫られたとされる十一面観音像が安置されています。","Beyond Sekisui’an is a small Kannondo Hall that enshrines an eleven-headed sculpture of Kannon, the bodhisattva of compassion, thought to have been carved in the fourteenth century."]
[9332,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","庭園・公園","良寛","りょうかん","Ryokan","大坂屋三輪家は、歌人と書家である曹洞宗の僧侶、良寛（1758年～1831年）と親交がありました。","The Osakaya Miwa family maintained a friendship with Ryokan (1758–1831), a Soto Zen Buddhist monk, poet, and calligrapher. "]
[9333,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","庭園・公園","曹洞宗","そうとうしゅう","Soto Zen","大坂屋三輪家は、歌人と書家である曹洞宗の僧侶、良寛（1758年～1831年）と親交がありました。","The Osakaya Miwa family maintained a friendship with Ryokan (1758–1831), a Soto Zen Buddhist monk, poet, and calligrapher. "]
[9334,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","庭園・公園","維馨尼","いきょうに","Ikyoni","時折別荘を訪れ、特に6代当主の娘である維馨尼と弟の佐一とそれぞれ親交を深めました。","He sometimes visited the villa and was particularly close with Ikyoni and Saichi, the daughter and the younger brother of the sixth head of the family, respectively."]
[9335,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","庭園・公園","佐一","さいち","Saichi","時折別荘を訪れ、特に6代当主の娘である維馨尼と弟の佐一とそれぞれ親交を深めました。","He sometimes visited the villa and was particularly close with Ikyoni and Saichi, the daughter and the younger brother of the sixth head of the family, respectively."]
[9336,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","神社・寺院・神仏等","妙法寺","みょうほうじ","Myohoji Temple","妙法寺は、信越地方（現在の新潟県と長野県）に最初に建てられた日蓮宗の本山寺院です。","Myohoji Temple was the first honzan (head temple)of the Nichiren school of Buddhism built in the Shin’etsu region (present-day Niigata and Nagano Prefectures)."]
[9337,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","神社・寺院・神仏等","信越","しんえつ","Shin’etsu","妙法寺は、信越地方（現在の新潟県と長野県）に最初に建てられた日蓮宗の本山寺院です。","Myohoji Temple was the first honzan (head temple)of the Nichiren school of Buddhism built in the Shin’etsu region (present-day Niigata and Nagano Prefectures)."]
[9338,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","神社・寺院・神仏等","本山","ほんざん","honzan","妙法寺は、信越地方（現在の新潟県と長野県）に最初に建てられた日蓮宗の本山寺院です。","Myohoji Temple was the first honzan (head temple)of the Nichiren school of Buddhism built in the Shin’etsu region (present-day Niigata and Nagano Prefectures)."]
[9339,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","神社・寺院・神仏等","日蓮宗","にちれんしゅう","Nichiren school","妙法寺は、信越地方（現在の新潟県と長野県）に最初に建てられた日蓮宗の本山寺院です。","Myohoji Temple was the first honzan (head temple)of the Nichiren school of Buddhism built in the Shin’etsu region (present-day Niigata and Nagano Prefectures)."]
[9340,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","集落・街","和島","わしま","Washima","長岡市の農業豊かな和島エリアに位置し、14世紀に城があった低山の斜面にあります。","It is located on the slope of a low mountain that used to be the site of a fourteenth-century castle in Washima, a rich agricultural area of Nagaoka."]
[9341,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","人物・人名・役職名","日蓮","にちれん","Nichiren","影響力のある僧侶、日蓮（1222年～1282年）は、1253年に法華経を中心とする自身の仏教の解釈を説き始めました。","The influential monk Nichiren (1222–1282) began to preach an interpretation of Buddhism focusing on the Lotus Sutra in 1253."]
[9342,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","神社・寺院・神仏等","法華経","ほけきょう","Lotus Sutra","影響力のある僧侶、日蓮（1222年～1282年）は、1253年に法華経を中心とする自身の仏教の解釈を説き始めました。","The influential monk Nichiren (1222–1282) began to preach an interpretation of Buddhism focusing on the Lotus Sutra in 1253."]
[9343,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","人物・人名・役職名","風間信昭","かざまのぶあき","Kazama Nobuaki","妙法寺は、日蓮の直弟子である日昭（1221年～1323年）が病気を治癒したとされる、信越地方の領主であった風間信昭（1354年没）の命により1306年に開山されました。","Myohoji was founded in 1306 by order of Kazama Nobuaki (d. 1354), a lord from the Shin’etsu region who was reportedly healed from a sickness by Nissho (1221–1323), a direct disciple of Nichiren."]
[9344,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","人物・人名・役職名","日昭","にっしょう","Nissho","妙法寺は、日蓮の直弟子である日昭（1221年～1323年）が病気を治癒したとされる、信越地方の領主であった風間信昭（1354年没）の命により1306年に開山されました。","Myohoji was founded in 1306 by order of Kazama Nobuaki (d. 1354), a lord from the Shin’etsu region who was reportedly healed from a sickness by Nissho (1221–1323), a direct disciple of Nichiren."]
[9345,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","社会","戊辰戦争","ぼしんせんそう","Boshin War","1868年、明治天皇（1852年～1912年）のもとに樹立された勤皇方軍と徳川幕府方軍の間の戊辰戦争（1868年～1869年）中に妙法寺の大部分が灰燼に帰しました。","Most of the temple was reduced to ashes in 1868 during the Boshin War (1868–1869), which was waged between the forces of the new government established under Emperor Meiji (1852–1912) and the supporters of the Tokugawa shogunate. "]
[9346,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","神社・寺院・神仏等","二天門","にてんもん","Nitenmon Gate","春には山の斜面に珍しいユキワリソウが現れ、二天門付近には枝垂桜が咲きます。","In spring, the rare yukiwariso primrose appears on the mountain slopes, and weeping cherry trees blossom near the Nitenmon Gate. "]
[9347,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","神社・寺院・神仏等","本堂","ほんどう","Hondo","本堂にある仏像群などが、ご本尊である日蓮作の曼荼羅を表すとされています。","In the Hondo (Main Hall), the mandala originally created by Nichiren, which is regarded as the principal object of worship, is represented by a group of Buddhist sculptures and objects."]
[9348,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","神社・寺院・神仏等","南無妙法蓮華経","なむみょうほうれんげきょう","namu myoho renge kyo","「南無妙法蓮華経」という聖なる言葉が記された宝塔の両側には、歴史上の仏陀である釈迦如来と多宝如来の像が置かれています。","A pagoda bearing the sacred words namu myoho renge kyo (“glory to the Lotus Sutra”) is flanked by the statues of Shakyamuni, the historical Buddha, and Taho, the Buddha of Abundant Treasures."]
[9349,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","神社・寺院・神仏等","釈迦如来","しゃかにょらい","Shakyamuni Buddha","「南無妙法蓮華経」という聖なる言葉が記された宝塔の両側には、歴史上の仏陀である釈迦如来と多宝如来の像が置かれています。","A pagoda bearing the sacred words namu myoho renge kyo (“glory to the Lotus Sutra”) is flanked by the statues of Shakyamuni, the historical Buddha, and Taho, the Buddha of Abundant Treasures."]
[9350,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","神社・寺院・神仏等","多宝如来","たほうにょらい","Taho Buddha","「南無妙法蓮華経」という聖なる言葉が記された宝塔の両側には、歴史上の仏陀である釈迦如来と多宝如来の像が置かれています。","A pagoda bearing the sacred words namu myoho renge kyo (“glory to the Lotus Sutra”) is flanked by the statues of Shakyamuni, the historical Buddha, and Taho, the Buddha of Abundant Treasures."]
[9351,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","神社・寺院・神仏等","開山堂","かいさんどう","Kaisando","本堂の右側には小さな開山堂があり、そこで風間信昭の供養が毎日行われています。","To the right of the Hondo is the small Kaisando (Founder’s Hall), where daily memorial services are held in honor of Kazama Nobuaki."]
[9352,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","神社・寺院・神仏等","千佛堂","せんぶつどう","Senbutsudo","開山堂の近くには、かつての経蔵である千佛堂があり、現在、戊辰戦争の犠牲者を弔っています。","Next to the Kaisando is the Senbutsudo (Hall of a Thousand Buddhas), a former sutra repository that now enshrines the spirits of the victims of the Boshin War."]
[9353,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","神社・寺院・神仏等","七面宮","しちめんぐう","Shichimengu Shrine","苔に覆われた石畳の先には、1693年に建立された七面宮があります。","At the end of a stone path covered with moss is Shichimengu Shrine, which was built in 1693."]
[9354,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","神社・寺院・神仏等","七麺","しちめん","Shichimen","日蓮は経典の力を用いて、その霊を美しい乙女と龍の姿をした七面という守護神に変えました。","Using the power of the holy sutras, Nichiren changed the spirit into a guardian called Shichimen, who took the form of a beautiful maiden and a dragon."]
[9355,"新潟県","「越後長岡」観光振興委員会","神社・寺院・神仏等","四脚門","しきゃくもん","Shikyakumon Gate","妙法寺に戊辰戦争以前から残る建造物は、1682年建立の赤い二天門、1677年建立の黒い四脚門、そして七面宮だけです。","The red Nitenmon Gate, built in 1682, the black Shikyakumon Gate, built in 1677, and Shichimengu Shrine are the only structures at Myohoji that predate the Boshin War."]
[9356,"新潟県","十日町市文化観光推進協議会","工芸・美術","コシキ","すかり","sukari","そのひとつが「スカリ」である。柔軟性のある特大のスノーシューで、竹の骨組みの先端から履く人の手元まで藁のロープが通っている。","The flexible, oversized snowshoes called sukari have a rice-straw rope that runs from the front of the bamboo frame to the wearer’s hand."]
[9357,"新潟県","十日町市文化観光推進協議会","工芸・美術","雪ざらし","ゆきざらし","yukizarashi","雪ざらしと呼ばれる技法で（中略）雪を敷き詰め、雪解け水が放出する水素イオンと紫外線の反射で繊維を柔軟にさせるのだ。","... a technique called yukizarashi. Items were laid out on the snow, where the hydrogen ions from melting snow and reflected ultraviolet rays cured and softened the fibers."]
[9358,"新潟県","十日町市文化観光推進協議会","工芸・美術","ふのり","ふのり","funori","この地方の織物業者は、糸を織る過程で糸が切れないように繊維を強化する「サイジング」の粘着剤として、昔からフノリを糸に塗っていた。 ","Weavers in the region had long applied funori to their thread as “sizing,” an adhesive that strengthens thread fibers to prevent them from breaking during the weaving process. "]
[9359,"新潟県","十日町市文化観光推進協議会","工芸・美術","へぎ","へぎ","hegi","麺は（中略）かつて織物職人が糸や道具を保管するために使った「へぎ」と呼ばれる浅い木の盆で提供される。","The noodles are ... served in a shallow wooden tray called a hegi, which weavers once used to store thread, buttons, and other small objects. "]
[9360,"新潟県","十日町市文化観光推進協議会","食","火棚","ひだな","hidana","また、囲炉裏の上にはヒダナと呼ばれる専用の乾燥棚があった。","Houses also had a special drying rack above the hearth called a hidana."]
[9361,"新潟県","十日町市文化観光推進協議会","食","野沢菜","のざわな","nozawana","十日町では、野沢菜という広く栽培されているカブの塩漬けがその代表だ。","In Tokamachi, this approach is epitomized by a method of salt-curing a widely cultivated turnip green called nozawana."]
[9362,"新潟県","十日町市文化観光推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","奴奈川姫","ぬなかわひめ","Nunakawa-hime","歴史的な資料によると、この神社は807年に、苧麻（中略）に関連する神である奴奈川姫を祀るために創建されたとされている。","Historical sources suggest the shrine was founded in 807 to honor the deity Nunakawa-hime, who was associated with ramie."]
[9363,"新潟県","十日町市文化観光推進協議会","工芸・美術","軍配","ぐんばい","signaling fan","この神社に伝わる2つの重要な遺物は（中略）短刀と軍配である。","Two important artifacts belonging to the shrine are a short sword and a signaling fan (gunbai). "]
[9364,"新潟県","十日町市文化観光推進協議会","建造物等","千鳥破風","ちどりはふ","gabled dormer","特に観音堂は、屋根の勾配が非常に急で、入母屋造の正面千鳥破風附が特徴的である。","The Kannondo hall has a hip-and-gable roof with a large gabled dormer above the main entrance. "]
[9365,"新潟県","十日町市文化観光推進協議会","建造物等","中門造り","ちゅうもんづくり","chumon-zukuri","雪国で一般的だった「中門造り」と呼ばれる複数の部屋がある間取りになっている。","The floorplan follows a multi-room layout called chumon-zukuri that was common in snow country. "]
[9366,"新潟県","十日町市文化観光推進協議会","食","囲炉裏","いろり","sunken hearth (irori)","暖房と調理に使われる囲炉裏を中心とした、雪国の農家の典型的な間取りを残している。","The structure retains the typical layout of a snow-country farmhouse, centered around a sunken hearth (irori) used for heating and cooking. "]
[9367,"新潟県","十日町市文化観光推進協議会","工芸・美術","チンコロ","チンコロ","chinkoro","少なくとも140年以上前から、チンコロと呼ばれる小さな米粉を使った色とりどりの人形が市場に並ぶようになった。","For more than 140 years, little colored rice-flour figurines called chinkoro have been sold at the market."]
[9368,"新潟県","十日町市文化観光推進協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","縁起物","えんぎもの","good-luck charms","チンコロは、お正月に家に飾る縁起物として人気があった。","Chinkoro became popular good-luck charms to display at home during the New Year’s holidays."]
[9369,"新潟県","十日町市文化観光推進協議会","年中行事","スミ塗り","すみぬり","sumi-nuri (soot smearing)","スミ塗り（中略）1年分のお守りを薪の上で燃やす行事が行われる。参加者は焚き火の煤を手に取り、雪と混ぜてお互いの顔にこすりつける。","Sumi-nuri (soot smearing)...Participants in this event grab soot from the bonfire, mix it with snow, and scramble to rub the mixture on each other’s faces."]
[9370,"新潟県","十日町市文化観光推進協議会","年中行事","小正月","こしょうがつ","koshogatsu (\"little new year\")","新年最初の満月（中略）の時期は「小正月」と呼ばれ、農村が翌年の豊作を祈る伝統的な時期である。","The first full moon of the new year ... is called koshogatsu, or the “little new year,” and is the time when agricultural communities traditionally pray for an abundant harvest in the coming year."]
[9371,"新潟県","十日町市文化観光推進協議会","河川・渓谷","清津峡","きよつきょう","Kiyotsu Gorge","清津川は日本有数の規模と景観を誇る峡谷、清津峡を形成している。","...the waters [of the Kiyotsu River] have formed one of the largest, most visually striking canyons in Japan: Kiyotsu Gorge."]
[9372,"新潟県","十日町市文化観光推進協議会","自然現象","柱状節理","ちゅうじょうせつり","columnar jointing","これらの奇妙な地層は「柱状節理」の一例であり、マグマの冷却によって形成された火成岩のほぼ六角形の柱の集まりである。","These peculiar formations are examples of “columnar jointing,” groups of roughly hexagonal pillars of igneous rock formed by cooling magma."]
[9373,"新潟県","十日町市文化観光推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","田代の七ツ釜","たしろのななつがま","Seven Cauldrons of Tashiro","7つの滝とその滝つぼを合わせて「田代の七ツ釜」と呼ばれ（中略）ている。","Together, the seven falls and their basins are referred to as Tashiro no Nanatsugama, or the “Seven Cauldrons of Tashiro.” "]
[9374,"新潟県","十日町市文化観光推進協議会","動物","アカトンボ","あかとんぼ","meadowhawk dragonflies (akatonbo)","アカトンボは、夏の暑い時期を山で過ごし、秋になると田んぼに産卵する。","Meadowhawk dragonflies (akatonbo)...spend the hot summer months in the mountains and lay eggs in the rice paddies during the fall. "]
[9375,"新潟県","十日町市文化観光推進協議会","自然現象","根曲り","ねまがり","nemagari (\"root curving\")","美人林の中には、土から斜めに伸びた後、空に向かってまっすぐに伸びる木もある（中略）この現象は、「根曲り」と呼ばれる。","Some of the trees in Bijinbayashi grow out from the soil at an angle before straightening toward the sky. This phenomenon...is called nemagari, or “root curving.”","※初回以降は「nemagari」または「root curving」とする。"]
[9376,"新潟県","十日町市文化観光推進協議会","植物","ブナ","ぶな","Japanese beech trees (Fagus crenata) ","この林には、約3,000本の細長いブナの木が整然と生い茂っている。","In this grove, around 3,000 slender Japanese beech trees (Fagus crenata) grow in an open, orderly array.","※文章を省略するため等の理由から、学名「Fagus crenata」を削除しても問題ないが、学名を使う場合は斜体で表記する。初回以降は記載不要。"]
[9377,"新潟県","十日町市文化観光推進協議会","工芸・美術","火焔型土器","かえんがたどき","\"flame-style\" pottery (kaengata doki)","火焔型土器は新潟県特有の土器で、宗教的・儀礼的な用途があったと考えられている。","\"Flame-style\" pottery (kaengata doki) is...unique to Niigata Prefecture, and the vessels are thought to have had a religious or ceremonial use. "]
[9378,"新潟県","十日町市文化観光推進協議会","工芸・美術","越後ちぢみ","えちごちぢみ","Echigo chijimi crepe","信濃川流域に多く生育する苧麻（ちょま）という草本植物から作られる軽やかな織物「越後ちぢみ」は有名だ。","It is particularly known for Echigo chijimi crepe, a lightweight fabric made from an herbaceous plant called ramie that grows abundantly in the Shinano River Basin."]
[9379,"新潟県","十日町市文化観光推進協議会","植物","苧麻","ちょま","ramie","信濃川流域の湿原に多く生育する草本植物、苧麻（ちょま）を原料としていた。","They were made from ramie, an herbaceous plant that grows abundantly in the Shinano River Basin. "]
[9380,"新潟県","十日町市文化観光推進協議会","工芸・美術","紡錘車","ぼうすいしゃ","spindle","植物の繊維を紡錘車（ぼうすい）で撚（よ）ることで、より細く丈夫な糸ができることを発見したのだ。","The thread itself became finer as weavers discovered that twisting plant fibers on a spindle created a thinner, stronger thread. "]
[9381,"新潟県","十日町市文化観光推進協議会","工芸・美術","綜絖","そうこう","heddles","綜絖（そうこう）とは緯糸（よこいと）を横切るように挿入された棒のこと、一連の経糸を同時に持ち上げ、緯糸を支えた杼（ひ）を通すことができる。","Heddles are rods inserted across the weft to lift a whole series of warp threads simultaneously and allow a shuttle bearing the weft thread to pass through."]
[9382,"新潟県","十日町市文化観光推進協議会","工芸・美術","絣","かすり","kasuri (blurred patterns)","植物性の織物の場合、糸は一般的に織られる前に染められる（中略）絣（かすり）と呼ばれる防染の技法がある。","For plant-based textiles...the threads are generally dyed before they are woven [using] a resist-dyeing technique called kasuri (blurred patterns).","※「kasuri」は現状一般名詞ではないローマ字なので斜体で表記して、「blurred patterns」を説明として加える。説明は初回のみ記載する。"]
[9383,"新潟県","十日町市文化観光推進協議会","工芸・美術","友禅","ゆうぜん","yuzen","絹織物の場合、絵柄の作成は通常、織り上げた後に友禅と呼ばれる防染の技法で行われる。","With silks, image creation is usually done after the weaving with a resist-dyeing technique called yuzen. "]
[9384,"新潟県","十日町市文化観光推進協議会","集落・街","山里","やまざと","yamazato","このフェスティバルは、自然界と共存する伝統的な集落である山里の生活の魅力と品格を、住民や観光客に再認識させるものであった。","The festival was intended to remind residents and visitors alike of the charm and dignity of life in yamazato, traditional villages that co-exist with the natural world."]
[9385,"新潟県","十日町市文化観光推進協議会","年中行事","ホンヤラドウ","ほんやらどう","honyarado","ホンヤラドウは、鳥追いという冬の行事の一環として十日町に建てられたイグルーのような雪小屋である。","Honyarado are igloo-like snow huts built in Tokamachi as part of a winter event called torioi, or “bird chasing.” "]
[9386,"新潟県","十日町市文化観光推進協議会","年中行事","鳥追い","とりおい","torioi (bird chasing)","「鳥追い」と呼ばれる冬の行事（中略）。伝統的に1月14日に行われるこの風習は、農作物を食べるおそれのある鳥を追い払う儀式である。","... a winter event called torioi, or “bird chasing.” Traditionally held on January 14, the custom is a ceremonial expulsion of birds that might eat the crops. ","※「torioi」は現状一般名詞ではないローマ字なので斜体で表記して、直訳の「\"bird chasing\"」を説明として加える。直訳であるため、引用符は必要で、説明は一度だけ記載する。"]
[9387,"新潟県","十日町市文化観光推進協議会",null,"ヒメマス","ひめます","Himemasu salmon","私たちヒメマスは、世界のさまざまな地域で「コカニーサーモン」と呼ばれる陸封型のサケの一種です。","We himemasu salmon are a species of landlocked salmon called kokanee salmon in some parts of the world.","「Kokanee salmon」はカナダ呼称である可能性があり（環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所より）アメリカ英語のスタンダードな表現を調査し「Himemasu salmon」としましたが、地域によっては「Kokanee salmon」と表現している場合もあります。"]
[9388,"新潟県","十日町市文化観光推進協議会","河川・渓谷","河岸段丘","かがんだんきゅう","fluvial terraces","十日町市は河岸段丘と呼ばれる、平坦な土地に階段状に張り巡らされた地質構造の上に位置している。","Tokamachi sits on geological structures called fluvial terraces, which are “steps” of flat land that rise up on either side of a river."]
[9389,"新潟県","十日町市文化観光推進協議会","温泉","日本三大薬湯","にほんさんやくとう","Japan’s “Three Great Curative Springs”","松之山温泉は十日町の山あいにひっそりと佇む歴史のある温泉である。松之山温泉は「日本三大薬湯」のひとつに数えられ（中略）ている。","Matsunoyama Onsen is a historic hot spring tucked away in the mountains of Tokamachi. It is considered one of Japan’s “Three Great Curative Springs.\""]
[9390,"新潟県","十日町市文化観光推進協議会","自然現象","地殻変動","ちかくへんどう","tectonic activity","松之山温泉の源泉は約1200万年前、地殻変動によって地下に閉じ込められた海水で満たされている。","Matsunoyama Onsen’s reservoir is filled with seawater that was trapped underground by tectonic activity approximately 12 million years ago. "]
[9391,"新潟県","十日町市文化観光推進協議会","建造物等","ふしかくし","ふしかくし","fushikakushi","「ふしかくし」と呼ばれるこの巧みな彫刻は、節を取った跡など板の欠点を目立たなくしている。","Cleverly carved inserts, called fushikakushi, disguise flaws, such as spots where knots were removed from the timber."]
[9392,"新潟県","十日町市文化観光推進協議会","食","淡麗辛口","たんれいからくち","tanrei karakuchi","新潟県は（中略）淡麗辛口と呼ばれる、キレのある辛口でなめらかな後味の酒が人気である。","It...is known for crisp, dry sakes with a smooth finish—a popular flavor profile called tanrei karakuchi. "]
[9393,"新潟県","十日町市文化観光推進協議会","食","酒母","しゅぼ","shubo","麹、米、酵母、水を混ぜることにより母培養液ができる。この混合物は酒母（しゅぼ）と呼ばれ、通常数週間かかる主発酵のスターターとなる。","A mother culture is prepared by mixing the koji, rice, yeast, and water. This mixture, called the shubo, will be the starter for the main fermentation."]
[9394,"新潟県","十日町市文化観光推進協議会","社会","雪国","ゆきぐに","yukiguni","十日町を訪れる人は、地域の文化や生活を語る際に「雪国」という言葉をよく耳にする。この言葉は「雪の国」と訳され、豪雪地帯を指すが、もっと複雑で詩的なニュアンスがある。","Visitors to Tokamachi often hear the term yukiguni in discussions of the local culture and lifestyles. The word translates to “snow country” and refers to regions with heavy snowfall, but it is used with complex and poetic nuances.","※「snow country」と英訳するほうが自然かつわかりやすい場合もある。"]
[9395,"新潟県","十日町市文化観光推進協議会","建造物等","高床式住宅","たかゆかしきじゅうたく","raised-floor houses (takayukashiki jutaku)","雪国の家は、2階に玄関がある高床式住宅が多い。","Many of the homes in snow country are raised-floor houses (takayukashiki jutaku), which feature an entrance on the second floor.","※「takayukashiki jutaku」（ローマ字）の表記は場合によって不要。使用する場合は、斜体で表記。"]
[9396,"新潟県","十日町市文化観光推進協議会","年中行事","七ツ参り","ななつまいり","Nanatsu Mairi","松苧神社では毎年5月8日に男の子の成長を祝う儀式が行われる。これは「七ツ参り」と呼ばれ、十日町で何百年も前から祝われてきた。","On May 8 each year, Matsuo Shrine hosts a coming-of-age ceremony for young boys. It’s called the “Nanatsu Mairi” and has been celebrated in Tokamachi for hundreds of years."]
[9397,"新潟県","十日町市文化観光推進協議会","河川・渓谷","信濃川流域","しなのがわりゅういき","Shinano River Basin","考古学的な発掘調査によると、信濃川流域（現在の十日町市を含む）では、約1万年以上前から人々が生活していたのだ。","Archaeological digs have told us that people have lived in the Shinano River Basin—an area that includes modern-day Tokamachi—for more than 10,000 years. "]
[9398,"新潟県","十日町市文化観光推進協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","越後妻有アートトリエンナーレ","えちごつまりあーととりえんなーれ","Echigo-Tsumari Art Triennale","越後妻有アートトリエンナーレ（中略）十日町、津南町の周辺で3年ごとに開催される野外現代アートの祭典だ。","...the Echigo-Tsumari Art Triennale. It’s an outdoor contemporary art festival held every three years in and around Tokamachi and Tsunan. "]
[9399,"新潟県","佐渡市観光・文化施設多言語解説整備推進協議会（予定）","テーマ施設等","水上輪","すいしょうりん","screw pumps","作業員たちは水上輪（またはアルキメデスポンプ）を使って坑道から地下水を汲み上げていた。","Workers extracted groundwater from the tunnels using screw pumps (also called “Archimedes screws”)."]
[9400,"新潟県","佐渡市観光・文化施設多言語解説整備推進協議会（予定）","テーマ施設等","山師","やまし","prospectors","山師（ヤマシ）と呼ばれる探鉱者が金鉱脈を探し出し、高度な訓練を受けた技術者が坑道の設計を行った。","Prospectors called yamashi located veins of gold, and highly trained engineers designed the mine tunnels."]
[9401,"新潟県","佐渡市観光・文化施設多言語解説整備推進協議会（予定）","建造物等","巻上機","まきあげき","hoist","高任竪坑には180馬力の強力な巻上機が装備され、作業員や物資を地下の坑道まで運び、採掘された鉱石を地上に吊り上げた。","The Takatō Shaft was equipped with a powerful 180-horsepower hoist that took workers and supplies down into mine tunnels and lifted ore up to the surface."]
[9402,"新潟県","佐渡市観光・文化施設多言語解説整備推進協議会（予定）","社会","流刑者","るけいしゃ","exiles","その上、日泰は後に日蓮宗の教えにそぐわない祈祷を行ったとして告発された。この違反により、彼は妙宣寺を追われ、島の別の場所にあるもっと小さな末寺に送られ、佐渡の多くの流浪人の一人となった。","For this offense, the abbot was removed from Myōsenji Temple and sent to a much smaller branch temple elsewhere on the island. In this way, he became another of Sado’s many exiles."]
[9403,"新潟県","佐渡市観光・文化施設多言語解説整備推進協議会（予定）","芸能・興行・イベント","薪能","たきぎのう","Takigi Noh","6月初旬には薪能（たきぎのう）と呼ばれる伝統的な能が、神社で行われる。","Traditional torchlit performances called “Takigi Noh” are held at the shrine in early June."]
[9404,"新潟県","佐渡市観光・文化施設多言語解説整備推進協議会（予定）","神社・寺院・神仏等","童子","どうじ","heavenly child","翌日、目を覚ますと、目の前に天の童子が立っていた。","When he awoke the next day, a heavenly child stood before him."]
[9405,"新潟県","佐渡市観光・文化施設多言語解説整備推進協議会（予定）","社会","拘置所","こうちしょ","jailhouse","蔦に覆われた石垣と錆びついた門が相川の歴史的な町並みの中、京町地区の頂上にある古い拘置所を囲んでいる。","Ivy-covered concrete walls and a rusting gate enclose an old jailhouse at the top of Aikawa’s historic hillside Kyōmachi neighborhood."]
[9406,"新潟県","佐渡市観光・文化施設多言語解説整備推進協議会（予定）","工芸・美術","織物屋","おりものや","clothier","京町(文字通り「首都の地区」)という名前も、京都の有名な西陣織の織物を売り始めた織物屋が由来である。","Even the name “Kyōmachi” (literally, “district of the capital”) was coined when a clothier began selling fabric from Kyoto’s famous Nishijin textiles district."]
[9407,"新潟県","佐渡市観光・文化施設多言語解説整備推進協議会（予定）","テーマ施設等","勝場","せりば","ore-dressing workshop","再建されたエリアには、屋敷の正門、管理施設、司法施設、鉱山管理施設、勝場が含まれる。","The rebuilt area includes the compound’s main gatehouse, certain administrative and judicial facilities, storage buildings, and an ore-dressing workshop."]
[9408,"新潟県","佐渡市観光・文化施設多言語解説整備推進協議会（予定）",null,"小判","こばん","koban","佐渡金山から採掘された金のほとんどは、徳川時代（1603-1868）の日本の重要な貨幣であった「小判」と呼ばれる楕円形の硬貨に加工された。","Most of the gold extracted from the Sado mines was turned into oval-shaped coins called koban, which were an important form of coinage in Tokugawa-era Japan (1603–1868). "]
[9409,"新潟県","佐渡市観光・文化施設多言語解説整備推進協議会（予定）","山岳","粗粒玄武岩","そりゅうげんぶがん","dolerite","この岬の一枚岩は、海面から167メートルも隆起した巨大なドレライト（粗粒玄武岩）である。","The headland monolith is a single massive slab of dolerite that rises 167 meters from the water."]
[9410,"新潟県","佐渡市観光・文化施設多言語解説整備推進協議会（予定）","山岳","山頂効果","さんちょうこうか","summit effect","通常なら標高1,500メートル以上の高地に生育する高山植物をみつけることができる、いわゆる「山頂効果」も、この厳しい冬がもたらすものだろう。","The harsh winters may also be responsible for the so-called “summit effect” of the highlands, where it is possible to find alpine plants that normally grow at elevations of 1,500 meters or more."]
[9411,"新潟県","佐渡市観光・文化施設多言語解説整備推進協議会（予定）","山岳","尾根","おね","ridges","約7時間のルートは、森林地帯と開けた尾根を交互に行き来し、展望台からも見える佐渡の最高峰、金峰山（1,172m）のふもとを通る。","The roughly seven-hour route alternates between woodlands and open ridges, passing under Sado’s highest peak, Mt. Kinpoku (1,172 m), which is also visible from the lookout."]
[9412,"富山県","立山町多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","修験道","しゅげんどう","Shugendo","立山は修験道の信者が修行する全国にある山のひとつであった","Mt. Tate was one of numerous mountains throughout the country where Shugendo ascetics practiced."]
[9413,"富山県","立山町多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","修験者","しゅげんじゃ","shugenja","修験者たちは自分の罪と向き合い、魂を清め、死後の極楽往生を容易にすると信じられていた象徴的な再生を得るために、山に登った。","Shugenja ascended the mountain to confront their sins, cleanse their souls, and attain a symbolic rebirth that was believed to facilitate their passage into paradise after death."]
[9414,"富山県","立山町多言語解説協議会","工芸・美術","立山曼荼羅","たてやままんだら","Tateyama mandala","立山曼荼羅と呼ばれる精巧な絵画は、信仰の教義を一般の人々に説明するために制作された。","Elaborate paintings called Tateyama mandalas were produced to explain the tenets of the faith to the public."]
[9415,"富山県","立山町多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","宿坊","しゅくぼう","shukubo","曼荼羅は立山信仰を広める役割も果たした：各宿坊は布教のために特定の地域を指定された。","The mandalas also played a role in spreading the Tateyama faith; each shukubo was assigned a specific part of the country for proselytization efforts."]
[9416,"富山県","立山町多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","立山信仰","たてやましんこう","Tateyama faith","立山の「地獄」の話や、その浄化の力は多くの人々の共感を呼び、巡礼者の増加は立山信仰をより大衆的な方向へと発展させた。","Tales of the “hell” on Mt. Tate and its powers of purification resonated with many, and an increase in pilgrim numbers led the Tateyama faith to develop in a more popular direction."]
[9417,"富山県","立山町多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","結界","けっかい","spiritual boundary","最後の要素は、山麓にある布橋で、聖地と人間の世界を隔てる結界を表している。","The last element is the Nunobashi bridge at the foot of the mountain, which represents a spiritual boundary separating the sacred ground from the world of mortals."]
[9418,"富山県","立山町多言語解説協議会","食","とろろ昆布","とろろこんぶ","tororo kombu","近くのレストラン＆カフェ「あおき」では、この地方の特産であるとろろ昆布を巻いたおにぎりを販売している。","The nearby Aoki restaurant and café deals in rice balls covered with a layer of tororo kombu (shredded kelp), a specialty of the region. "]
[9419,"富山県","立山町多言語解説協議会","その他","砂防","さぼう","sabo","特に、砂防（「砂を防ぐ」）と呼ばれる、地域の土砂災害の防止・軽減活動に注目する。","Particular attention is given to local erosion-control works known as sabo (lit, “sand prevention”), which refers to the prevention and mitigation of sediment-related disasters."]
[9420,"富山県","立山町多言語解説協議会","食","白えび","しろえび","shiroebi","夕食は富山湾で獲れた白えびなどの魚介類、山菜、富山県産の米などを味わうことができる。","Shiroebi (baby white shrimp) and other seafood from Toyama Bay, sansai (herbs and other wild mountain vegetables), and Toyama-grown rice can be savored for dinner."]
[9421,"富山県","立山町多言語解説協議会","食","山菜","さんさい","sansai","夕食は富山湾で獲れた白えびなどの魚介類、山菜、富山県産の米などを味わうことができる。","Shiroebi (baby white shrimp) and other seafood from Toyama Bay, sansai (herbs and other wild mountain vegetables), and Toyama-grown rice can be savored for dinner."]
[9422,"富山県","立山町多言語解説協議会","動物","雷鳥","らいちょう","raicho","ライチョウは「雷の鳥」と呼ばれ、主に日本アルプスで繁殖し、民間信仰では神の使いとして崇められ、火事や雷から身を守ってくれると信じられてきた。","Known locally as raicho (lit., “thunder bird”) and breeding mainly in the Japanese Alps, the elusive bird is revered as a divine messenger in folklore and is associated with protection against fires and lightning."]
[9423,"富山県","立山町多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","称名","しょうみょう","shomyo","称名（しょうみょう）とは「経を唱える」という意味で、この滝は、流れ落ちる水が放つ妙に調和のとれた、お寺でお坊さんが経を唱えるような音から、この詩的な名前がついた。","Shomyo means “chanting scripture,” and the falls earned this poetic name from the strangely harmonious rumble emitted by the plunging water, thought to resemble the sound of monks chanting sutras in a temple."]
[9424,"富山県","立山町多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","立山参道観音巡り","たてやまさんどうかんのんめぐり","Tateyama Kannon Pilgrimage","立山参道観音巡りの42キロのコースは、富山平野の端にある岩峅寺の集落にある尾山神社前立社壇を出発し、常願寺川に沿って立山駅まで坂道を登る。","The 42-kilometer route of the Tateyama Kannon Pilgrimage starts at Oyama Shrine in the village of Iwakuraji, at the edge of the Toyama Plain, and follows the Joganji River uphill to Tateyama Station."]
[9425,"岐阜県","中津川市","人物・人名・役職名","遠山昌利","とおやましまさとし","Toyama Masatoshi","苗木城は、14世紀（鎌倉時代）から遠山荘の地頭職を務めていた一族の遠山昌利（生没年不詳）によって1526年に建てられた。","Naegi Castle was built in 1526 by Toyama Masatoshi (dates unknown), whose family had served as local administrators of shogunal estates since the fourteenth century (Kamakura period)."]
[9426,"岐阜県","中津川市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","天守閣","てんしゅかく","main keep","現存する石垣に加え、かつては城門、物見櫓、郭、そして頂上の天守閣があった。"," In addition to the surviving stone retaining walls, the castle once had gates, watchtowers, enclosures, and the main keep at the top. "]
[9427,"岐阜県","中津川市","人物・人名・役職名","足軽","あしがる","foot soldiers","足軽は最下級の武士で、戦いの最前線で戦うのが一般的だった。","Foot soldiers were the lowest-ranking samurai and typically fought on the front lines during battles."]
[9428,"岐阜県","中津川市","岩石・洞窟","馬洗岩","うまあらいいわ","Horse-Washing Boulder (The Uma Arai Iwa)","馬洗岩","Horse-Washing Boulder (The Uma Arai Iwa)"]
[9429,"岐阜県","中津川市","人物・人名・役職名","遠山友政","とおやまともまさ","Toyama Tomomasa","その直前、家康は苗木城と旧遠山領を奪還するため、当主であった遠山友政を派遣した。","Just before that, Ieyasu sent Toyama Tomomasa, the head of the family, to retake Naegi Castle and the former Toyama territory."]
[9430,"岐阜県","中津川市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","赤壁城","あかかべじょう","red-walled castle","しかし、苗木城は剥き出しの土壁の色から「赤壁城」と呼ばれた。","Naegi Castle, however, was known as the “red-walled castle” (Akakabejo) from the color of the exposed clay used to cover its walls. "]
[9431,"岐阜県","中津川市","庭園・公園","苗木さくら公園","なえぎさくらこうえん","Naegi Sakura Park","隣接する苗木さくら公園では、春には約700本の桜が咲き誇り、4月上旬から中旬にかけて山肌をピンク色に染める。","In spring, approximately 700 cherry trees bloom in nearby Naegi Sakura Park, covering the mountainside in pink blossoms from early to mid-April."]
[9432,"岐阜県","中津川市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","大矢倉","おおやぐら","Oyagura Tower","大矢倉などでは、石垣が自然の岩に寄り添っている。","At sites like the Oyagura Tower, the stone walls hug the natural rock formations beneath them."]
[9433,"岐阜県","中津川市","建造物等","野面積","のずらずみ","Nozura-zumi","野面積（山積みの石垣） ","Nozura-zumi (fieldstone method) "]
[9434,"岐阜県","中津川市","建造物等","打込","うちこみ","Uchikomi","打込（大まかな石垣）","Uchikomi (roughly dressed stone walls)"]
[9435,"岐阜県","中津川市","建造物等","切込","きりこみ","Kirikomi","切込（きめこまかな石垣）","Kirikomi (finely dressed stone walls)"]
[9436,"岐阜県","中津川市","建造物等","谷積","たにづみ","Tanizumi","谷積（斜めに積み上げた石垣） ","Tanizumi (diagonally stacked stone walls)"]
[9437,"岐阜県","中津川市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","笠置矢倉","かさぎやぐら","Kasagiyagura Tower","笠置矢倉","Kasagiyagura Tower"]
[9438,"岐阜県","中津川市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","物見矢倉","ものみやぐら","Monomiyagura Tower","物見矢倉","Monomiyagura Tower"]
[9439,"岐阜県","中津川市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","千石井戸","せんごくいど","Sengoku Well ","千石井戸","Sengoku Well"]
[9440,"岐阜県","中津川市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","風吹門","かざふきもん","Kazafuki Gate","風吹門は、苗木城で唯一現存する木造の上部構造の門である。","The Kazafuki Gate is the only original wooden structure of Naegi Castle that has been preserved. "]
[9441,"岐阜県","中津川市","食","勝栗","かちぐり","kachi-guri","最初の手紙は、「勝栗」と呼ばれる土地のお菓子、干し栗を一箱送ってくれたことへのお礼である。","The first letter thanks Tomomasa for a box of dried chestnuts, a local sweet called kachi-guri. "]
[9442,"岐阜県","中津川市","テーマ施設等","苗木遠山史料館","なえぎとおやましりょうかん","Naegi Toyama Memorial Museum","苗木遠山史料館の来館情報","Visitor Information for the Naegi Toyama Memorial Museum"]
[9443,"岐阜県","中津川市","芸能・興行・イベント","地歌舞伎","じかぶき","ji-kabuki","中山道の宿場町であり、地歌舞伎のかしも明治座など、伝統文化が色濃く残っている。","Much of its traditional culture has been preserved, including one of its post stations along the Nakasendo highway and a ji-kabuki playhouse called Kashimo Meijiza Theater."]
[9444,"岐阜県","中津川市","建造物等","曽我家住宅","そがかじゅうたく","Soga House","中津川宿には、曽我家住宅（旧村長住宅）など江戸時代の木造建築が残っている。","Nakatsugawa-juku still has wooden buildings preserved from the Edo period, including the Soga House (formerly the village mayor’s house)."]
[9445,"岐阜県","中津川市","レジャー・アクティビティ　","芝居小屋","しばいごや","playhouses","中津川には現在3つの芝居小屋があり、この珍しい芸能を存続させている。","There are currently three playhouses in the area keeping this rare art form alive."]
[9446,"岐阜県","中津川市","食","栗きんとん","くりきんとん","kurikinton","中津川は栗きんとん発祥の地と言われている。","Nakatsugawa is said to be the birthplace of kurikinton, a Japanese chestnut sweet. "]
[9447,"岐阜県","下呂市","温泉","源泉","げんせん","hot spring source","この時代には多くの新しい温泉宿が開業し、各施設がそれぞれ別の源泉を使用していました。","Many new hot spring accommodations opened during that era, and individual establishments each tapped a separate hot spring source."]
[9448,"岐阜県","下呂市","年中行事","参加者","さんかしゃ","celebrant","お祭りの一環として参加者たちは白鷺の衣装や正式な武士の衣装など色とりどりの衣装を着て街頭に繰り出します。","As part of the festivities, celebrants take to the streets in colorful outfits, including white egret costumes and formal samurai attire."]
[9449,"岐阜県","下呂市","人物・人名・役職名","儒学者","じゅがくしゃ","Confucian scholar","下呂の中心部、下呂温泉神社の向かいにある白鷺橋にこの儒学者の像があります。","A statue of the Confucian scholar is located on Shirasagi Bridge in the center of Gero, across the street from Gero Onsen Shrine. "]
[9450,"岐阜県","下呂市","書物","紀行文","きこうぶん","travelogue","万里は紀行文『梅花無尽蔵』の中で、日本の最たる温泉として下呂（岐阜県）、有馬（兵庫県）、草津（群馬県）を挙げています。","Banri named Gero (Gifu Prefecture), Arima (Hyogo Prefecture), and Kusatsu (Gunma Prefecture) as the greatest hot springs destinations in Japan in his travelogue Baika Mujinzo."]
[9451,"岐阜県","下呂市","人物・人名・役職名","運転手","うんてんしゅ","chauffeur","彼の日本人の友人である高野虎市は20 年近くにわたって彼の運転手兼秘書を務め、1932 年の初来日にも同行しました。","His Japanese friend Kono Toraichi served as his chauffeur and secretary for nearly 20 years and accompanied him on his first visit to Japan in 1932. "]
[9452,"岐阜県","下呂市","芸能・興行・イベント","田楽","でんがく","dengaku","この祭りは近代以前の日本の農業共同体で行われた音楽と踊りの一種である田楽の地方版に由来すると考えられています。","The festival is believed to derive from a local form of dengaku, a type of music and dance performed in agrarian communities in premodern Japan.","※「dengaku」は日本語の名称で英語ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[9453,"岐阜県","下呂市","神社・寺院・神仏等","信者","しんじゃ","devotee","毎年 2 月 14 日には踊りや儀式を通して下呂の農業の伝統に敬意を表すためにこの神社に踊り子、信者、観客が集まります。","Every February 14, dancers, devotees, and spectators gather at the shrine to pay homage to the traditions of Gero’s agricultural past through dances and rituals."]
[9454,"岐阜県","下呂市","人物・人名・役職名","作詞家","さくしか","lyricist","これらの記念碑は日本で最も愛されている童謡をいくつか書いた有名な詩人であり作詞家である野口雨情 (1882年-1945 年) を記念して建てられました。","These monuments were erected in honor of Noguchi Ujo (1882–1945), a renowned poet and lyricist who wrote some of Japan’s most beloved children’s songs."]
[9455,"岐阜県","下呂市","神社・寺院・神仏等","願掛けの板","がんかけのいた","votive plaque","温泉寺には江戸時代の願掛けの板が数多く残されており、温泉の人気を物語っています。","The temple retains many votive plaques from the Edo period, attesting to the hot springs’ popularity."]
[9456,"岐阜県","下呂市","その他","擬音語","ぎおんご","onomatopoeia","日本語ではカエルの鳴き声を擬音語で「ゲロ」と表すので下呂の町と関連付けられるようになりました。","In the Japanese language, the onomatopoeia for a frog’s croak is gero, and for this reason, frogs have become associated with the town of Gero."]
[9457,"岐阜県","下呂市","工芸・美術","青磁","せいじ","celadon","これらは約10万年前の湯ヶ峰噴火の結果形成された「下呂石」とも呼ばれる灰色や黒色の火成岩、湯ケ峰流紋岩でできています。室町時代（1336年-1573 年）に築城されたと考えられる桜洞城跡からは青銅の装飾品や青磁の壷など日本の中世の歴史を伝える遺物も展示されています。","There are artifacts from Japan’s medieval history, such as bronze adornments and a celadon jar found in the ruins of Sakurado Castle, believed to have been built during the Muromachi period (1336–1573)."]
[9458,"岐阜県","下呂市","建造物","弓型トラス橋","ゆみがたとらすきょう","bowstring truss bridge","1923年に架けられた最初のつり橋は、1930年の下呂駅開業直後に弓型トラス橋に架け替えられました。","The original suspension bridge built in 1923 was replaced by a bowstring truss bridge shortly after Gero Station opened in 1930."]
[9459,"岐阜県","下呂市","史跡","石畳の小道","いしだたみのこみち","stone footpath","鳥類が生息する森の真ん中にある人目につかない石畳の小道が初矢峠での数え切れないほどの歴史的な旅を思い起こさせます。","In the middle of a forest teeming with birdlife, a secluded stone footpath is a reminder of countless historical journeys over the Hachiya-Toge Pass."]
[9460,"岐阜県","下呂市","植物","しだれの形","しだれのかたち","weeping form","木々のしだれの形はもともと突然変異の結果であり、木は自然に繁殖したものです。","Their weeping form was originally the result of a mutation, and the trees propagated naturally."]
[9461,"岐阜県","下呂市","建造物","回り舞台","まわりぶたい","mawari-butai","舞台にはさまざまなシーンに合わせて再配置できる 6 つの板で構成される絵が描かれた背景と、回り舞台として知られる手動で制御される円形の回転台が舞台に備えられています。","The stage has a painted backdrop composed of six panels that can be rearranged for different scenes, and a manually controlled circular revolving platform in the stage known as a mawari-butai.","※「mawari-butai」は日本語の名称で英語ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[9462,"岐阜県","下呂市","芸能・興行・イベント","地歌舞伎","じかぶき","ji-kabuki","鳳凰座が長く続いているのは素人役者による草の根歌舞伎である地歌舞伎に対する地元コミュニティの情熱のおかげです。","The Hooza Kabuki Theater’s longevity can be attributed to the local community’s passion for ji-kabuki, grassroots Kabuki performed by amateur actors.","※「ji-kabuki」は日本語の名称で英語ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[9463,"岐阜県","下呂市","郷土景観","苗代","なわしろ","nawashiro","苗代（なわしろ）とは稲の苗を育てる苗床のことです。","The term nawashiro denotes a seedbed for growing rice seedlings.","※「nawashiro」は日本語の名称で英語ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[9464,"岐阜県","下呂市","神社・寺院・神仏等","霊神碑","れいじんひ","reijin-hi","登山道沿いや山中には「霊神碑」と呼ばれる石碑が2万基以上建立されています。","Along the trails and all over the mountain are more than 20,000 stone monuments called reijin-hi, or “spirit monuments.”","※「reijin-hi」は日本語の名称で英語ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[9465,"岐阜県","下呂市","山岳","麓","ふもと","foothill","濁河温泉市営露天風呂は御嶽山の麓にある素朴な庭園温泉です。","Nigorigo Onsen Municipal Open-Air Bath is a rustic garden hot spring in the foothills of Mt. Ontake. "]
[9466,"岐阜県","下呂市","自然現象","柱状節理","ちゅうじょうせつり","columnar joint","南東17キロメートルに位置する火山からの溶岩がこの地域に流れ込み、最終的に冷えて固まって柱状節理が形成されました。","Lava from the volcano, located 17 kilometers to the southeast, flowed to the area, eventually cooling and hardening into the columnar joints that are still visible."]
[9467,"岐阜県","下呂市","自然現象","玄武岩層","げんぶがんそう","basalt formations","遊歩道は巌立公園からスタートし、玄武岩層や多くの滝を通って巌立公園で終わります。","The trail begins and ends at Gandate Park and passes basalt formations and numerous waterfalls."]
[9468,"岐阜県","下呂市","動物","ニシイワシバメ","にしいわしばめ","house martin","春にはニシイワツバメが崖面に泥の巣を作ります。","In the spring, house martins build their mud nests on the cliff face."]
[9469,"岐阜県","下呂市","植物","たむしば","たむしば","anise magnolia","春のハイキングでは白い花を咲かせるたむしばや紫色のミツバツツジなどの植物を鑑賞できます。","Hiking in springtime introduces visitors to flora such as white-flowering anise magnolia and purple mitsuba tsutsuji azaleas."]
[9470,"岐阜県","下呂市","その他","消化器疾患","しょうかきしっかん","digestive disorder","湯屋温泉には約 400 年前から人々が入浴しており、江戸時代 (1603 年-1867 年) の文書にはこの飲料泉が消化器疾患などの病気の自然療法であると記載されています。","People have bathed in the hot springs of Yuya Onsen for around 400 years, and documents from the Edo period (1603–1867) mention that drinking the water can cure digestive disorders and other ailments. "]
[9471,"岐阜県","下呂市","その他","総合的な","そうごうてきな","holistic","温泉の総合的なアクティビティと南飛騨健康増進センター全体で利用できる体験は、身体的・精神的健康に対する自然とのふれあいの良い影響を強調しています。","The holistic activities of the onsen, along with the experiences available across the Minami Hida Health Promotion Center, emphasize the positive influence of contact with nature on physical and mental health."]
[9472,"岐阜県","下呂市","人物・人名・役職名","神霊","しんれい","divine spirit","応神天皇は神道の八幡神の神霊です。","The emperor is the divine spirit of the Shinto deity Hachiman."]
[9473,"岐阜県","下呂市","植物","夫婦杉","めおとすぎ","meoto sugi","これらは物理的に近くて似ていることから俗に「夫婦杉」と呼ばれています。","They are colloquially known as meoto sugi, or “husband and wife” cedar trees, due to their physical proximity and similarities.","※「meoto sugi」は日本語の名称で英語ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[9474,"岐阜県","下呂市","時代・歴史組織・団体","豪族","ごうぞく","ruling family","宗和は飛騨地方の豪族の出身で、貴族の間で流行した茶道宗和流を創始しました。","Sowa was a member of a ruling family in the Hida region and founded the Sowa school of tea, which was popular among the aristocracy."]
[9475,"岐阜県","下呂市","その他","荘厳な雰囲気","そうごんなふんいき","aura of grandeur","巨大な杉の木が禅昌寺の本堂や東屋の上にそびえ立ち、この静かな仏教礼拝の場に荘厳な雰囲気を与えています。","An enormous cedar tree towers over the halls and pavilions of Zenshoji Temple, lending an aura of grandeur to this tranquil site of Buddhist worship."]
[9476,"岐阜県","下呂市","自然現象","地下水","ちかすい","groundwater","天領では飛騨山脈を源流とする地下30メートルから汲み上げた天然地下水だけを使用しています。","Tenryo uses exclusively natural groundwater that originates in the Hida Mountains and is drawn from 30 meters underground."]
[9477,"岐阜県","下呂市","その他","火ぶり漁","ひぶりりょう","hiburi-ryo","漁師たちは「火ぶり漁」と呼ばれる伝統的な手法を使ってアユを捕獲します。この手法では、夜に川の全長にわたって網を投げ、松明と音を使って魚を網の中に追い込みます。","Fishermen catch ayu using a traditional technique called hiburi-ryo, which entails casting nets across the length of the river at night and using torches and noise to drive the fish into the nets.","※「hiburi-ryo」は日本語の名称で英語ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[9478,"岐阜県","下呂市","温泉","日帰り客","ひがえりきゃく","non-staying visitor","ホテルは馬瀬(マゼと発音)川の川岸近くに位置し、その施設は宿泊客だけでなく日帰り客も利用できます。","The hotel is located near the banks of the Maze (pronounced mah-zay) River, and its facilities are open to both overnight guests and non-staying visitors."]
[9479,"岐阜県","下呂市","人物・人名・役職名","羅漢","らかん","arhat","飛騨川と久野川の合流点近くにある景勝岩「羅漢岩」は、その形が涅槃を成就した仏陀である羅漢に似ていることから名づけられました。","Near the confluence of the Hida and Kuno Rivers is a scenic rock called the Rakan-iwa, so named because it resembles a rakan or arhat, a Buddhist who has attained nirvana."]
[9480,"岐阜県","下呂市","庭園・公園","のどか","のどか","idyllic","下呂の中山七里地区にひょうたんの形をした孝子ケ池があり、のどかな散策が楽しめます。","The gourd-shaped Koshigaike Pond provides an idyllic setting for a stroll in the Nakayama Shichiri area of Gero."]
[9481,"岐阜県","下呂市","自然現象","天文暦","てんもんれき","astronomical calendar","金山巨石群は洗練された天文暦であり、「日本のストーンヘンジ」とも呼ばれています。","The Kanayama Megaliths are a sophisticated astronomical calendar and have been dubbed “Japan’s Stonehenge.”"]
[9482,"岐阜県","下呂市","動物","ギフチョウ","ぎふちょう","Gifu butterfly","春には黄色い模様のギフチョウ（Luehdorfia japonica）が羽化し、4月から7月にかけて水辺の木々にモリアオガエル（Zhangixalus arboreus）が産卵します。","Yellow-patterned Gifu butterflies (Luehdorfia japonica) emerge in spring, and forest green tree frogs (Zhangixalus arboreus) spawn in trees along the water’s edge between April and July."]
[9483,"岐阜県","下呂市","その他","爽快","そうかい","invigorating","どちらのアクティビティも、水上から湖と湖岸線の景色を楽しむ爽快な方法です。","Both activities offer an invigorating way to enjoy the lake and the shoreline scenery from the water."]
[9484,"岐阜県","下呂市","人物・人名・役職名","愛好家","あいこうか","enthusiast","下呂市金山地域はボルダリング愛好家やロッククライマーに人気の場所です。","The Kanayama district of Gero is a popular destination for bouldering enthusiasts and rock climbers. "]
[9485,"岐阜県","下呂市","河川・渓谷","支流","しりゅう","tributary","滝は近くを流れる馬瀬川の支流である横谷川沿いにあります。","The waterfalls are situated on the Yokotani River, a tributary of the nearby Maze River."]
[9486,"岐阜県","下呂市","岩石・洞窟","巨石","きょせき","megalith","一方、金山巨石群リサーチセンターは地元の巨石に関する資料や資料を収集する現代的な施設です。","The Kanayama Megaliths Research Center, meanwhile, is a contemporary institution that collects resources and materials related to the local megaliths."]
[9487,"岐阜県","下呂市","テーマ施設等","道の駅","みちのえき","michinoeki roadside station","ぬく森の里は下呂の金山地区にある内湯と露天風呂、宿泊施設、売店、レストランを備えたフルサービスの道の駅です。","Nukumori no Sato is a full-service michinoeki roadside station in Gero’s Kanayama district with indoor and outdoor hot springs, accommodations, a gift shop, and a restaurant.","※「michinoeki」は日本語の名称で英語ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[9488,"岐阜県","下呂市","史跡","銘板","めいばん","plaque","有名な木を記念する古い写真が貼られた銘板があります。","A plaque with an old photograph memorializes the famed tree."]
[9489,"岐阜県","下呂市","建造物","数寄屋造り","すきやづくり","sukiya-zukuri","一年のうち、この秋祭りの開催期間中に限り、訪問者は楓月庭を通る上り坂の道を通ってたどり着く、洗練された数寄屋造りの元温泉旅館である醫王閣に入場できます。","The autumn festival is the only time of year when visitors can enter Iokaku, a former hot spring inn constructed in the refined sukiya-zukuri style, accessible via the uphill path through Fugetsutei Garden.","※「sukiya-zukuri」は日本語の名称で英語ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[9490,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","建造物等","合掌造り","がっしょうづくり","“gasshō-style” (gasshō-zukuri)","こうした孤立した環境（中略）が、合掌造りと呼ばれる急勾配の藁葺きの屋根が象徴する独自の生活様式を生み出した。","This seclusion...led the inhabitants to adopt a unique way of life—one symbolized by houses with characteristically steep, thatched roofs in a design known as “gasshō-style” (gasshō-zukuri)."]
[9491,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","建造物等","ヤナカ","やなか","Horizontal roof supports (yanaka)\nかつ\nPurlins (yanaka)","そして、ヤナカと呼ばれる水平の屋根の支えをトラスに垂直に置き、縄で留める。","Horizontal roof supports (purlins, known as yanaka) are then laid perpendicular to the trusses and affixed with rope, creating a grid-like base frame. "]
[9492,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","その他","煙硝（硝酸カリウム）","えんしょう（しょうさんかりうむ）","saltpeter (potassium nitrate)","絹織物の生産は貴重な副産物も生み出した。おそらく最も重要な副産物は、火薬の原料となる煙硝（硝酸カリウム）であろう。","The production of silk also created valuable by-products. Perhaps the most significant of these was saltpeter (potassium nitrate), which was used to make gunpowder.","※文章を省略するため等の理由から化学名「potassium nitrate」を削除しても問題ない。"]
[9493,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","仏壇","ぶつだん","Buddhist family altar (butsudan)","多くの合掌造りの家屋に共通する特徴のひとつは、大きく立派な仏壇を置くための和室がことである。","One feature shared by many gasshō-style homes is a purpose-built tatami-mat room that housed a large and impressive Buddhist family altar (butsudan). "]
[9494,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","建造物等","鉄砲梁","てっぽうばり","teppōbari (thick roof beams with gentle curves at their ends)","そのため、後世の合掌造りの家屋には鉄砲梁（両端が緩やかなカーブを描く太い梁）が用いられた。","Later gasshō-style houses, therefore, employed teppōbari (thick roof beams with gentle curves at their ends)."]
[9495,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","食","餅","もち","mochi (glutinous rice cakes)","例えば、地元産の栃の実は、栄養価を高めるために餅に使われた。","Local Japanese horse chestnuts, for example, were processed and added to mochi (glutinous rice cakes), to increase their nutritional value. ","※「mochi」は英語圏で一般的に知られているため、斜体表記は不要。\n※「glutinous rice cakes」の記載は場合によって不要。もちの説明として記載する場合は、括弧に入れて初回のみ記載する。"]
[9496,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","植物","マンサク","まんさく","Japanese witch hazel","日本の山岳地帯に自生する低木であるマンサクがその一つである。","One such plant was Japanese witch hazel, a shrub native to mountainous areas of Japan."]
[9497,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","建造物等","鉄砲堰","てっぽうせき","splash dam","山奥から切り出した重い木材を運ぶために、村人たちは鉄砲堰と呼ばれるものを使った。","To move the heavy lumber cut deep in the mountains, residents used what is called a “splash dam.” "]
[9498,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","工芸・美術","あしなか","あしなか","ashinaka","白川郷の日常生活で使われるものの多くは、稲わら（ワラ）を使って手作りされたものである。その一例が、あしなかと呼ばれるわら草履である。","Many of the objects used in daily life...were handmade with rice straw...One example is the straw sandals known as ashinaka. "]
[9499,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","その他","忌避剤","きひざい","repellents","この煙と煤は、昆虫、ネズミ、コウモリから家を守る天然の忌避剤であり、木材や茅を湿気から守るのにも役立った。","Both the smoke and the soot worked as natural repellents, protecting against insects, mice, and bats; they also helped protect the wood and thatch from moisture."]
[9500,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","社会","結","ゆい","yui","白川郷の厳しい気候風土での生活を可能にした重要な概念が「結（ゆい）」である。ゆいは（中略）村人同士が互いに助け合い、助け合う絆を意味する。","Part of what made life possible in Shirakawa-gō’s harsh climate was a concept called yui...an agreement among the villagers to offer mutual aid and assistance."]
[9501,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","工芸・美術","養蚕","ようさん","silkworm cultivation","大きな屋根裏は村の主要産業である養蚕の作業場として使われた。","The style also allowed for large attics that could be used for the village’s primary industry, silkworm cultivation. "]
[9502,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","建造物等","囲炉裏","いろり","Open-air hearths","家の中では伝統的に囲炉裏が調理や暖房に使われていたため、その燃えかすがが屋根裏や家の他の場所に燃え移る危険もあった。","Open-air hearths within the homes were traditionally used for cooking and heating, and stray embers could easily spark flames in the attic or other parts of the house."]
[9503,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","建造物等","接合技術","せつごうぎじつ","joinery techniques","骨組みを構成する柱や梁は釘で固定されるのではなく、接合技術でつながれていた。","The posts and beams that make up the frame were not connected with nails, but with joinery techniques."]
[9504,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","建造物等","筋交い","すじかい","diagonal braces (suji-kai)","屋根裏の内側のトラスとトラスの間には筋交いと呼ばれる大きな斜めの添え木が取り付けられ、外側には小さな斜めの添え木が固定された。","Large diagonal braces called suji-kai were added between the trusses inside the attic, and smaller diagonal braces were fastened to the trusses outside."]
[9505,"岐阜県","白川村多言語解説協議会","建造物等","稜線","りょうせん","ridgelines","白川郷では、北から南に流れる川に沿って季節風が強く吹くため、屋根の稜線は川と平行に建てられていた。","In Shirakawa-gō, strong seasonal winds blow along the river that flows from north to south, so the roofs were built with their ridgelines parallel to the river. "]
[9506,"愛知県","一般社団法人とこなめ観光協会","工芸・美術","常滑系招き猫","とこなめけい\nまねきねこ","Tokoname Maneki Neko","常滑系招き猫(幸運の招き猫）","Tokoname Maneki Neko (Lucky Cats)"]
[9507,"愛知県","一般社団法人とこなめ観光協会","工芸・美術","招き猫","まねきねこ","maneki neko","高さ3.8メートル、幅6.3メートルと国内最大級の招き猫の１つである。","Tokonyan is 3.8 meters high and 6.3 meters wide, making it one of the country’s largest maneki neko. "]
[9508,"愛知県","一般社団法人とこなめ観光協会","工芸・美術","穴窯","あながま","anagama","常滑市周辺の環境は、陶器の生産に適していた。良質な粘土が豊富に供給され、柔らかい土となだらかな丘陵地は穴窯を掘りやすかった。","Conditions around Tokoname were excellent for pottery production. High-quality clay was in plentiful supply, and the soft soil and gentle hills made it easy to dig anagama (tunneled sloping kilns)."]
[9509,"愛知県","一般社団法人とこなめ観光協会","工芸・美術","常滑焼","とこなめやき","Tokoname ware","常滑焼の発祥は12世紀初頭で、陶工たちが作り始めた大型の貯蔵瓶や調理器具はすぐに全国に広がった。","Tokoname ware originated in the early twelfth century when potters began producing large storage jars and cooking utensils that soon found their way around the country."]
[9510,"愛知県","一般社団法人とこなめ観光協会","工芸・美術","急須","きゅうす","kyusu","19世紀に中国から伝来した技術により、鉄分の多い赤土を使った常滑名物の急須が作られるようになった。","In the nineteenth century, techniques imported from China led to the creation of Tokoname’s signature kyusu (teapots) made with iron-rich red clay. "]
[9511,"愛知県","一般社団法人とこなめ観光協会","郷土景観","やきもの散歩道","やきものさんぽみち","Pottery Footpath","やきもの散歩道は、保存状態の良い家屋や窯が多く残る栄町地区が中心となっている。","The Pottery Footpath centers on the Sakaemachi district, where many well-preserved homes and kilns remain."]
[9512,"愛知県","一般社団法人とこなめ観光協会","テーマ施設等","とこなめ陶の森","とこなめとうのもり","Tokoname Tou no Mori","とこなめ陶の森は、常滑市の豊かな焼き物の遺産をたたえ、未来を展望する文化施設である。","Tokoname Tou no Mori (“Tokoname Pottery Forest”) is a cultural facility that celebrates the city’s rich pottery legacy and looks to its future."]
[9513,"愛知県","一般社団法人とこなめ観光協会","テーマ施設等"," 廻船問屋　瀧田家","かいせんどんやたきたけ","Takita Family Residence","廻船問屋 瀧田家は「やきもの散歩道」Aコースに含まれる。","The Takita Residence is part of Course A on the Pottery Footpath."]
[9514,"愛知県","一般社団法人とこなめ観光協会","工芸・美術","登窯","のぼりがま","climbing kiln","登窯とは、斜面に築かれた窯のことで、その起源は中国にある。","Climbing kilns, so called because they are built on a slope, originated in China."]
[9515,"愛知県","一般社団法人とこなめ観光協会","工芸・美術","焼成室","しょうせいしつ","firing chambers","登窯は8つの焼成室があり、薪と石炭を燃料としていた。","The kiln has eight firing chambers and was fueled using wood and coal."]
[9516,"愛知県","一般社団法人とこなめ観光協会","テーマ施設等","登窯広場 ","のぼりがまひろば","Climbing Kiln Plaza","登窯広場","Climbing Kiln Plaza"]
[9517,"愛知県","一般社団法人とこなめ観光協会","神社・寺院・神仏等","無病息災","むびょうそくさい","good health","製作者によって異なる幸運を与える力が込められている。縁結び、無病息災、事業成就などである。","These include a happy marriage, good health, and the successful completion of a task. "]
[9518,"愛知県","一般社団法人とこなめ観光協会","工芸・美術","ひもづくり","ひもづくり","himozukuri","14世紀には、常滑市の陶工たちは、紐状にした粘土を底から積み上げていく「ひもづくり」という技法で、大型の貯蔵瓶や調理器具を生産していた。","By the fourteenth century, Tokoname’s potters were producing large storage jars and cooking utensils using the himozukuri method, in which ropes of clay are coiled or stacked onto the base of an item. "]
[9519,"愛知県","一般社団法人とこなめ観光協会","工芸・美術","大窯","おおがま","ogama","15世紀後半には大窯が出現したことで常滑市の生産能力は向上し、高品質な焼き物の産地として常滑市の知名度は上がった。","Production capacity improved with the emergence of ogama (large kilns) in the late fifteenth century, and Tokoname’s reputation for high-quality ceramics grew over the following centuries. "]
[9520,"愛知県","一般社団法人とこなめ観光協会","芸能・興行・イベント","茶の湯","ちゃのゆ","chanoyu","常滑の壷は酒の運搬から埋葬後の遺灰入れまで、さまざまな実用的な用途に使われ、花器や小壺は、京都の洗練された茶の湯文化に用いられた。","Its jars served a range of practical purposes, including transporting liquor, and its small pots were used in Kyoto’s refined culture of tea or chanoyu."]
[9521,"愛知県","一般社団法人とこなめ観光協会","レジャー・アクティビティ　","土管坂","どかんざか","Dokanzaka Hill","土管坂","Dokanzaka Hill"]
[9522,"愛知県","一般社団法人とこなめ観光協会","食","焼酎","しょうちゅう","shochu","散歩道の片側には1870年代に製造された給排水用の陶製土管が、反対側には1960年頃の焼酎瓶が並ぶ。土管を作る過程でできる廃材の輪は、歩行者が滑らないように路面に埋め込まれている。","On one side of the footpath are ceramic pipes produced in the 1870s for water and drainage, while on the other are shochu (distilled liquor) bottles dating back to around 1960."]
[9523,"愛知県","一般社団法人とこなめ観光協会","郷土景観","レンガ造りの煙突","れんがづくりのえんとつ","brick chimneys","1950年代の生産最盛期には、常滑には300本以上のレンガ造りの煙突があり、現存する煙突は市を象徴するランドマークの一つとなっている。","There were more than 300 brick chimneys in Tokoname when pottery production was at its peak in the 1950s, and the remaining chimneys are some of the city’s most iconic landmarks. "]
[9524,"三重県","亀山・関地域多言語解協議会","集落・街","関宿","せきじゅく","Seki Juku","関宿は、江戸時代（1603-1867）に徳川幕府が江戸と京都を結ぶ東海道に置いた宿駅のひとつとして栄えました。","Seki Juku flourished as one of the stations established by the Tokugawa shogunate on the Tokaido road that linked Edo and Kyoto during the Edo period (1603–1867)."]
[9525,"三重県","亀山・関地域多言語解協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","関地蔵院","せきじぞういん","Seki Jizoin Temple","関宿の西端にある関地蔵院は、741年に奈良の東大寺建立において中心的な役割を果たした行基（668-749）という仏僧によってこの町を天然痘から守るために建立されました。","Seki Jizoin Temple, on the west side of Seki Juku, was constructed in 741 by Gyoki (668–749) – a Buddhist priest who played a key role in the building of Todaiji Temple in Nara – to protect the town from smallpox. "]
[9526,"三重県","亀山・関地域多言語解協議会","史跡","鈴鹿関","すずかのせき","Suzuka Barrier (Suzuka no Seki)","「関」という地名は、奈良時代（710-794）に天皇が暮らす都とその周辺地域を守るために設けられた3つの関所のひとつである「鈴鹿関」に由来します。"," The town gets its name, Seki, from the Suzuka Barrier (Suzuka no Seki), a security checkpoint that was one of three barriers constructed in the Nara period (710–794) to protect the imperial capital region. "]
[9527,"三重県","亀山・関地域多言語解協議会","工芸・美術","東海道五十三次","とうかいどうごじゅうさんつぎ","Fifty-Three Stations of the Tokaido Road","広重が道中描いたスケッチをもとに制作した連作『東海道五十三次』は、大ヒットし、飛ぶように売れました。","The sketches Hiroshige made became the basis for his Fifty-Three Stations of the Tokaido Road series, which went on to become a runaway commercial success."]
[9528,"三重県","亀山・関地域多言語解協議会","建造物等","虫籠窓","むしこまど","Insect-cage windows","二階の窓自体にも特徴があります。藁縄を巻いた木の棒を狭い間隔で縦に並べたものに漆喰が塗られたこの格子窓は、虫を飼うための目の細かい籠に似ていることから「虫籠窓」と呼ばれています。","The second-floor windows themselves have another distinctive characteristic. Lattices made of closely spaced vertical timbers wrapped in straw rope and then covered in plaster, they are known as mushiko-mado (“insect-cage windows”) because of their resemblance to close-barred cages for keeping insects. "]
[9529,"三重県","亀山・関地域多言語解協議会","建造物等","百六里庭","ひゃくろくりてい","Hyakurokuri-tei","関宿のほぼ中央に位置する百六里庭は、小さな公園で、その名前の由来は東海道の終点である江戸の日本橋からの距離です：106里（約424kmに相当）。","Located more or less at the geographic center of Seki Juku, Hyakurokuri-tei is a small park named for the town’s distance from the Tokaido road terminus at Nihonbashi in Edo: 106 ri (hyakurokuri, equivalent to 424 kilometers). "]
[9530,"三重県","亀山・関地域多言語解協議会","史跡","東の追分","ひがしのおいわけ","Higashi no Oiwake (East Fork)","伊勢へと向かう巡礼者たちは、町の大通りの東端にある分岐点「東の追分」まで行かなくてはなりませんでした。","Pilgrims who wished to make their way to Ise had to turn at Higashi no Oiwake (East Fork), a junction at the east end of the town’s main street. "]
[9531,"三重県","亀山・関地域多言語解協議会","博物館・美術館","関まちなみ資料館","せきまちなみしりょうかん","Seki Machinami (Townscape) Museum","関まちなみ資料館　　※初回表示\n\n関まちなみ資料館の開館時間は、火曜から日曜の午前9時から午後4時30分までです。","Seki Machinami (Townscape) Museum\n\nThe Seki Machinami Museum is open from 9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Tuesday through Sunday. "]
[9532,"三重県","亀山・関地域多言語解協議会","博物館・美術館","関宿旅籠玉屋歴史資料館","せきじゅくはたごたまやれきししりょうかん","Sekijuku Hatago Tamaya Historical Museum","関宿旅籠玉屋歴史資料館の開館時間は火曜から日曜の午前9時から午後4時30分までです。","The Sekijuku Hatago Tamaya Historical Museum is open from 9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. "]
[9533,"三重県","亀山・関地域多言語解協議会","博物館・美術館","関の山車会館","せきのやまかいかん","Seki no Yama Kaikan (Seki Float Museum)","関の山車会館　　※初回表示\n\n関の山車会館の開館時間は火曜から日曜の午前9時から午後4時30分までです。","Seki no Yama Kaikan (Seki Float Museum)\n\nSeki no Yama Kaikan is open from 9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Tuesday through Sunday. "]
[9534,"三重県","亀山・関地域多言語解協議会","年中行事","関宿祇園夏まつり","せきじゅくぎおんなつまつり","Seki Juku Gion Summer Festival","毎年7月下旬、関宿では「関宿祇園夏まつり」が二日間にわたって開催されます。","Every year, in the second half of July, Seki Juku holds the two-day Seki Juku Gion Summer Festival. "]
[9535,"三重県","亀山・関地域多言語解協議会","温泉","小萬の湯","こまんのゆ","Koman no Yu","小萬の湯は屋根がついているため、どんな天候でも利用できます。利用可能時間は火曜から日曜の午前10時から午後５時までです。","Koman no Yu is roofed in, so it can be enjoyed in all kinds of weather. It is open year-round from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Tuesday through Sunday. "]
[9536,"滋賀県","公益社団法人長浜観光協会","人物・人名・役職名","武将","ぶしょう","warlords","博物館は5階建てで、長浜の歴史やこの地を治めた武将に関する展示があります。","The museum’s five floors include exhibits on the history of Nagahama and the warlords who ruled its surrounding area."]
[9537,"滋賀県","公益社団法人長浜観光協会","乗物","廃車","はいしゃ","decommissioned locomotives","長浜鉄道スクエアには、日本最古で現存している駅舎と、訪問者が実際に乗りこんで見学できる廃車となった機関車があります。","The Nagahama Railway Museum has both Japan’s oldest extant station building and a pair of decommissioned locomotives that visitors can climb aboard and explore.","※英語では「車」の種類を特定する必要があるため、「locomotives」と記載した。他の乗り物にも使える。（例：decommissioned cars。）"]
[9538,"滋賀県","公益社団法人長浜観光協会","建造物等","迎賓館","げいひんかん","guesthouse","この迎賓館は、明治天皇(1852–1912)とその妻である昭憲皇太后(1849–1914)を迎えるために建てられ、1887年に長浜に立ち寄られました。","The guesthouse was built to host Emperor Meiji (1852–1912) and his wife, Empress Shōken (1849–1914), who stopped briefly in Nagahama in 1887."]
[9539,"滋賀県","公益社団法人長浜観光協会","その他","小型ディーゼルエンジン","こがたでぃーぜるえんじん","compact diesel engine","山岡は、世界初の小型ディーゼルエンジンを開発し、ヤンマーはその技術を、建設機械や農業機械、船舶、発電機などに応用しました。","Yamaoka developed the world’s first compact diesel engine, a technology that Yanmar has implemented in construction and agricultural machinery, ships, and electrical generators."]
[9540,"滋賀県","公益社団法人長浜観光協会","その他","カプセルトイの自動販売機","かぷせるといのじどうはんばいき","capsule-toy vending machines","カプセルトイの自動販売機や、既製のお土産を好む人のためのギフトショップも並んでいます。","For those who prefer more ready-made souvenirs, there are also rows of capsule-toy vending machines and a gift shop."]
[9541,"滋賀県","公益社団法人長浜観光協会","神社・寺院・神仏等","曳山","ひきやま","hikiyama","曳山は移動式ステージで、それぞれ高さ約6～9メートル、重さ5~6トンです。","Hikiyama are mobile stages, each between 6 and 9 meters tall and weighing between 5 and 6 metric tons."]
[9542,"滋賀県","公益社団法人長浜観光協会","芸能・興行・イベント","古典舞踊","こてんぶよう","classical Japanese dance-drama","今重屋敷能舞館の考案者は、かつての酒蔵を日本の古典舞踊と長浜とのつながりを祝うものに変えました。","The creators of the Imajū Noh Museum have turned a former sake warehouse into a celebration of classical Japanese dance-drama and its connections to Nagahama."]
[9543,"滋賀県","公益社団法人長浜観光協会","神社・寺院・神仏等","宝庫","ほうこ","repository","大通寺は400年の歴史を持つ仏教寺院であり、伝統的な芸術と建築の宝庫です。","Daitsūji is a 450-year-old Buddhist temple and repository of traditional art and architecture."]
[9544,"滋賀県","公益社団法人長浜観光協会","人物・人名・役職名","鉄砲鍛冶","てっぽうかじ","gunsmiths","現在の長浜市の一部である国友は、すぐに鉄砲鍛冶としての評判を確立しました。","Kunitomo, part of what is now the city of Nagahama, quickly established a reputation for its gunsmiths."]
[9545,"滋賀県","公益社団法人長浜観光協会","建造物等","民家","みんか","minka","2棟の伝統的な民家が、博物館の牧歌的な雰囲気を醸し出しています。","A pair of traditional minka farmhouses add to the museum’s pastoral atmosphere."]
[9546,"滋賀県","公益社団法人長浜観光協会","神社・寺院・神仏等","白装束","しろしょうぞく","shiroshōzoku","武士・片桐且元が所有していた仏神観音像などの身の回り品や、修行をする僧侶が身に着けている白い巡礼者の衣装(白装束)などの品が展示されています。","The museum’s displays include personal effects, such as a statue of the Buddhist deity Kannon owned by the samurai Katagiri Katsumoto, and other items, such as a set of white pilgrim’s garb (shiroshōzoku) worn by monks engaging in ascetic training."]
[9547,"滋賀県","公益社団法人長浜観光協会","史跡","土塁","どるい","earthworks","小谷城跡は、丘の上にある土塁が残っており、そこからは長浜と琵琶湖を一望できます。","Today, all that remains of Odani Castle is a series of hilltop earthworks that command sweeping views of Nagahama and Lake Biwa."]
[9548,"滋賀県","公益社団法人長浜観光協会","神社・寺院・神仏等","菩薩","ぼさつ","bodhisattva","観音は菩薩、つまり悟りの境地の最後から二番目のレベルを達成した神の存在であり、さまざまな形で現れると信じられています。","Kannon is a bodhisattva, a divine being who has achieved the penultimate level of Buddhahood, and she is believed to manifest in various forms.","※一般名詞として使う場合は大文字は不要。名称として使う場合は大文字が必要。（例：Kannon Bodhisattva is.... 観音菩薩は～)"]
[9549,"滋賀県","公益社団法人長浜観光協会","乗物","丸小舟","まるこぶね","marukobune","丸子舟は長くて浅い喫水の船で、二つ割にした杉の幹を組み込んだ独特の船体を備えています。","Marukobune were long, shallow-draft ships with distinctive hulls that incorporated the two halves of a split cedar trunk."]
[9550,"滋賀県","公益社団法人長浜観光協会","植物","馬酔木","あせび","Japanese andromeda","この春のコースは、大通寺とその馬酔木展から始まり、隣接する公園（豊公園）に150本の梅林がある長浜城歴史博物館へと続きます。","This springtime course begins at Daitsūji Temple and its display of Japanese andromeda, then continues to the Nagahama Castle Museum, whose adjoining park (Hōkō Park) is home to some 150 plum trees.","※場合に応じて、括弧に学名を追記。追記する場合は斜体で表記。例：Japanese andromeda (Pieris japonica)"]
[9551,"滋賀県","公益社団法人長浜観光協会","時代・歴史組織・団体","海運業","かいうんぎょう","shipping trade","その後、長浜は平和な江戸時代(1603-1867)には、北国街道の宿場町、また海運業の中心地となり、商業・交通の要衝として栄えました。","Later, Nagahama prospered as a hub for commerce and transport during the more peaceful Edo period (1603–1867), serving as a stop on the Hokkoku Kaidō highway and as the center of a thriving shipping trade."]
[9552,"滋賀県","公益社団法人長浜観光協会","工芸・美術","金箔","きんぱく","gold leaf","曳山と呼ばれる車輪付きのステージは、金箔や複雑な木彫り、神社のそれに似せた曲がった屋根で装飾されています。","The wheeled stages, called hikiyama, are decorated with gold leaf and intricate wood carvings, and their curved roofs resemble those of Shinto shrines."]
[9553,"滋賀県","公益社団法人長浜観光協会","植物","盆梅","ぼんばい","ume (Japanese plum) bonsai","この展示会は日本最高級の盆梅展と考えられており、1952年より毎年開催されています。","The event is considered Japan’s premier exhibit of ume (Japanese plum) bonsai and has been held annually since 1952."]
[9554,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","大歳神社","おおとしじんじゃ","Otoshi Jinja Shrine","大歳神社は718年の創建と言われ、現在の本殿は1690年に建立されました。","Otoshi Jinja Shrine is said to have been founded in 718, while the current Honden (Main Sanctuary) dates to 1690. "]
[9555,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","本殿","ほんでん","Honden ","大歳神社は718年の創建と言われ、現在の本殿は1690年に建立されました。","Otoshi Jinja Shrine is said to have been founded in 718, while the current Honden (Main Sanctuary) dates to 1690. "]
[9556,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","大歳大神","おおとしのおおかみ","Otoshi no Okami","大歳大神は時の流れを司り、農耕と五穀豊穣の神とされています。","Otoshi no Okami is the deity associated with the passage of time, as well as agriculture and abundant harvests. "]
[9557,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","石作大神","いしつくりのおおかみ","Ishitsukuri no Okami","石造大神は代々石棺などを製作してきた豪族の祖神です。","Ishitsukuri no Okami is the ancestral deity of an influential clan that for generations made stone coffins. "]
[9558,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","豊玉姫命","とよたまひめのみこと","Toyotamahime no Mikoto","海の神の娘である豊玉姫命は、日本の初代天皇である神武天皇の父方の祖母であると信じられています。","Toyotamahime no Mikoto, the daughter of a sea deity, is believed to be the paternal grandmother of Emperor Jinmu, the first emperor of Japan."]
[9559,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","垂仁天皇","すいにんてんのう","Emperor Suinin","1世紀、日本の第11代天皇である垂仁天皇の妻である皇后が崩御した際、この一族は石棺を献上し、天皇から「石作大連」という非常に名誉ある官位を意味する姓を賜ったと言われています。","It is said that in the first century, when the wife of Emperor Suinin, the 11th emperor of Japan, passed away, the clan presented a coffin for her and received the highly prestigious government rank and hereditary title of Ishitsukuri Omuraji (“master stoneworkers”) from the emperor. "]
[9560,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","石作大連","いしつくりおおむらじ","Ishitsukuri Omuraji ","1世紀、日本の第11代天皇である垂仁天皇の妻である皇后が崩御した際、この一族は石棺を献上し、天皇から「石作大連」という非常に名誉ある官位を意味する姓を賜ったと言われています。","It is said that in the first century, when the wife of Emperor Suinin, the 11th emperor of Japan, passed away, the clan presented a coffin for her and received the highly prestigious government rank and hereditary title of Ishitsukuri Omuraji (“master stoneworkers”) from the emperor. "]
[9561,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","神武天皇","じんむてんのう","Emperor Jinmu","海の神の娘である豊玉姫命は、日本の初代天皇である神武天皇の父方の祖母であると信じられています。","Toyotamahime no Mikoto, the daughter of a sea deity, is believed to be the paternal grandmother of Emperor Jinmu, the first emperor of Japan."]
[9562,"京都府","大原野保勝会","芸能・興行・イベント","金剛流","こんごうりゅう","Kongo school","江戸時代（1603年～1867年）中期以降、平和と繁栄の祈りを込めて能楽の金剛流宗家による、古くから伝わる神聖な演目「翁」を奉納してきました。","Since the middle of the Edo period (1603–1867), the head of the Kongo school of Noh has dedicated the ancient sacred performance Okina as a prayer for peace and prosperity."]
[9563,"京都府","大原野保勝会","芸能・興行・イベント","「翁」","おきな","Okina","江戸時代（1603年～1867年）中期以降、平和と繁栄の祈りを込めて能楽の金剛流宗家による、古くから伝わる神聖な演目「翁」を奉納してきました。","Since the middle of the Edo period (1603–1867), the head of the Kongo school of Noh has dedicated the ancient sacred performance Okina as a prayer for peace and prosperity."]
[9564,"京都府","大原野保勝会","芸能・興行・イベント","「栢の森」","かやのもり","Kaya no Mori","最近では、それに続き「栢の森」というもう一つの謡も披露されるようになりました。","In recent years, it is followed by another Noh chant titled Kaya no Mori (Forest of Kaya Trees). "]
[9565,"京都府","大原野保勝会","植物","栢","かや","kaya","境内にはかつて針葉樹の栢が多く生い茂っていたことから、古くから「栢の森」と呼ばれています。","The shrine precincts have long been called Kaya no Mori because of the many coniferous kaya (Japanese nutmeg-yew) trees that once covered the grounds. "]
[9566,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","大原野神社","おおはらのじんじゃ","Oharano Jinja Shrine","大原野神社は、奈良の有名な春日大社との歴史的な繋がりから「京春日」とも呼ばれています。","Oharano Jinja Shrine is also called the “Kasuga Shrine of Kyoto” due to its historical connection to the famous Kasuga Taisha Shrine in Nara. "]
[9567,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","春日大社","かすがたいしゃ","Kasuga Taisha Shrine ","大原野神社は、奈良の有名な春日大社との歴史的な繋がりから「京春日」とも呼ばれています。","Oharano Jinja Shrine is also called the “Kasuga Shrine of Kyoto” due to its historical connection to the famous Kasuga Taisha Shrine in Nara. "]
[9568,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","春日大明神","かすがだいみょうじん","Kasuga Daimyojin","春日神社のご祭神は春日大明神で、この神様は伝統的に白鹿に乗った姿で描かれています。","The deity worshipped at Kasuga shrines is Kasuga Daimyojin, who is traditionally depicted riding a white deer."]
[9569,"京都府","大原野保勝会","植物","よもぎ","よもぎ","mugwort","参道沿いと、鳥居の外の駐車場近くにある2店舗の茶屋では、伝統的なよもぎ団子を持ち帰ったり、または参拝後の軽食として楽しむことができます。","Two teahouses, one along the entrance path and one near the parking lot outside the first torii gate, offer traditional mugwort sweets to enjoy as a light snack after the shrine visit or to take home.","※補足情報があったら、「yomogi」も可能。"]
[9570,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","平城京","へいじょうきょう","Heijokyo ","784年、日本の都は平城京（現在の奈良）から長岡京に遷都されました。","In 784, the capital of Japan was moved from Heijokyo (present-day Nara) to Nagaokakyo. "]
[9571,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","長岡京","ながおかきょう","Nagaokakyo","784年、日本の都は平城京（現在の奈良）から長岡京に遷都されました。","In 784, the capital of Japan was moved from Heijokyo (present-day Nara) to Nagaokakyo. "]
[9572,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","藤原氏","ふじわらし","Fujiwara family","大原野神社は、貴族である藤原氏の守護神である春日大明神を祀るために新しい中央政府に近い場所で建てられました。","Oharano Shrine was built by the noble Fujiwara family for Kasuga Daimyojin, their guardian deity, at a site chosen for its proximity to the new seat of government."]
[9573,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","平安京","へいあんきょう","Heiankyo","都が794年に平安京（現在の京都）に再び遷都された後も大原野神社はその役目を果たし続けました。","The shrine continued to fulfill this role even after the capital was moved to Heiankyo (present-day Kyoto) in 794."]
[9574,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","建御賀豆智命","たけみかづちのみこと","Takemikazuchi no Mikoto","春日大明神は、雷の神・建御賀豆智命、軍神・伊波比主命、藤原氏の祖神・天之子八根命とその妻の比賣大神という四柱の神様を表しています。","Kasuga Daimyojin represents four divinities: the deity of thunder Takemikazuchi no Mikoto, the warrior deity Iwainushi no Mikoto, the Fujiwara family ancestral deity Ame no Koyane no Mikoto, and his wife Hime Okami."]
[9575,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","伊波比主命","いわいぬしのみこと","Iwainushi no Mikoto","春日大明神は、雷の神・建御賀豆智命、軍神・伊波比主命、藤原氏の祖神・天之子八根命とその妻の比賣大神という四柱の神様を表しています。","Kasuga Daimyojin represents four divinities: the deity of thunder Takemikazuchi no Mikoto, the warrior deity Iwainushi no Mikoto, the Fujiwara family ancestral deity Ame no Koyane no Mikoto, and his wife Hime Okami."]
[9576,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","天之子八根命","あめのこやねのみこと","Ame no Koyane no Mikoto","春日大明神は、雷の神・建御賀豆智命、軍神・伊波比主命、藤原氏の祖神・天之子八根命とその妻の比賣大神という四柱の神様を表しています。","Kasuga Daimyojin represents four divinities: the deity of thunder Takemikazuchi no Mikoto, the warrior deity Iwainushi no Mikoto, the Fujiwara family ancestral deity Ame no Koyane no Mikoto, and his wife Hime Okami."]
[9577,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","比賣大神","ひめおおかみ","Hime Okami","春日大明神は、雷の神・建御賀豆智命、軍神・伊波比主命、藤原氏の祖神・天之子八根命とその妻の比賣大神という四柱の神様を表しています。","Kasuga Daimyojin represents four divinities: the deity of thunder Takemikazuchi no Mikoto, the warrior deity Iwainushi no Mikoto, the Fujiwara family ancestral deity Ame no Koyane no Mikoto, and his wife Hime Okami."]
[9578,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","天押雲根命","あめのおしくもねのみこと","Ame no Oshikumone no Mikoto","天之子八根命の息子、天押雲根命はしばしば一緒に祀られています。","The son of Ame no Koyane no Mikoto, Ame no Oshikumone no Mikoto, is often worshipped alongside them."]
[9579,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","文徳天皇","もんとくてんのう","Emperor Montoku","祖父が藤原氏の当主であった文徳天皇（827年～858年）は、850年に壮麗な社殿を造営しました。","Emperor Montoku (827–858), whose grandfather was the head of the Fujiwara family, ordered the construction of several grand worship halls in 850. "]
[9580,"京都府","大原野保勝会","書物","源氏物語","げんじものがたり","Genji monogatari (The Tale of Genji)","このような行列については、藤原分家の女官、紫式部（973年?～1014年?）が書いた『源氏物語』を含む歴史的な記録や詩、小説にも登場しています。","Such processions are mentioned in historical records, poems, and novels, including Genji monogatari (The Tale of Genji), written by the lady-in-waiting Murasaki Shikibu (973?–1014?), a Fujiwara branch family member. "]
[9581,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","紫式部","むらさきしきぶ","Murasaki Shikibu","このような行列については、藤原分家の女官、紫式部（973年?～1014年?）が書いた『源氏物語』を含む歴史的な記録や詩、小説にも登場しています。","Such processions are mentioned in historical records, poems, and novels, including Genji monogatari (The Tale of Genji), written by the lady-in-waiting Murasaki Shikibu (973?–1014?), a Fujiwara branch family member. "]
[9582,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","在原業平","ありわらのなりひら","Ariwara no Narihira","著名な歌人、在原業平（825年～880年）は、藤原家の婦人の参拝に同行したとき、次のような歌を詠みました。","When the prominent poet Ariwara no Narihira (825–880) accompanied a Fujiwara lady on her pilgrimage, he wrote the following poem:"]
[9583,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","小塩山","おしおやま","Mt. Oshio","小塩の山のふもとにある大原野神社の神々\n我々の今日の大行列を見て\nきっと神々の時代のことを思い出すことでしょう","The deities of Oharano Shrine at the base of Mt. Oshio\nMust recall the age of the gods themselves\nSeeing our grand procession on this day","※歌のため「おしおのやま」となる。"]
[9584,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","鯉沢の池","こいさわのいけ","Koisawa Pond ","鳥居をくぐって神社の境内に入る参道には、鯉沢の池やそこにかかる風情のある朱色の橋があります。","The path through the torii gates and into the shrine grounds goes past the Koisawa Pond and its striking vermilion bridge. "]
[9585,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","若宮神社","わかみやじんじゃ","Wakamiya Jinja Shrine","対岸には天押雲根命を祀る若宮神社があります。","On the far bank is Wakamiya Jinja Shrine, dedicated to the deity Ame no Oshikumone no Mikoto. "]
[9586,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","千眼桜","せんがんざくら","Senganzakura","近くにある柵で囲まれたしだれ桜は、枝に丸い大きな花房がたくさん咲くことから「千眼桜」（英訳：千の目がある木）と呼ばれています。","The fenced-off weeping cherry tree nearby is called Senganzakura (“thousand-eye cherry tree”) for the many large flowers that bloom in round clusters on its branches. "]
[9587,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","神相撲","かみずもう","Kamizumo","そして左側に相撲場もあり、この相撲場は、9月の御田刈祭で行われる大人も子どもも参加する「神相撲」の神事で使用されます。","\nThe sumo ring on the left-hand side of the path is used for Kamizumo, a ritual wrestling competition for both adults and children that takes place during the Mitakarisai Festival in September. "]
[9588,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","御田刈祭","みたかりさい","Mitakarisai Festival ","そして左側に相撲場もあり、この相撲場は、9月の御田刈祭で行われる大人も子どもも参加する「神相撲」の神事で使用されます。","The sumo ring on the left-hand side of the path is used for Kamizumo, a ritual wrestling competition for both adults and children that takes place during the Mitakarisai Festival in September. "]
[9589,"京都府","大原野保勝会","建造物等","春日造り","かすがづくり","kasuga-zukuri","本殿は春日造りの様式で建てられており、中央には奉納と祈祷のための台があり、そしてその両側には二棟ずつ、合計四棟の社殿が設けられています。","It is built in the kasuga-zukuri style, with a central altar for offerings and prayers flanked by two shrine halls on either side, each housing one of the four divinities of Kasuga Daimyojin. "]
[9590,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","末社","まっしゃ","subsidiary shrine","左側にいくつかの末社があり、病気平癒や厄除け、五穀豊穣、商売繁盛、健康、延命長寿、そして子授けの神様が祀られています。","Several subsidiary shrines on the left are dedicated to deities offering protection from diseases and misfortune. "]
[9591,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","神の使い","かみのつかい","sacred messenger","春日大明神は、藤原氏の祖先の元に白鹿に乗った姿で現れたという伝説があり、鹿が神の使いとされるようになりました。","According to legend, Kasuga Daimyojin appeared to an ancestor of the Fujiwara family riding a white deer, so these animals came to be regarded as sacred messengers of the deity. "]
[9592,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","狛犬","こまいぬ","komainu ","一般的に見られる神話上の獣である狛犬の代わりに雄鹿と雌鹿の石像が大原野神社の本殿を守っているのはこのためです。","For this reason, stone statues of a male and a female deer guard the main sanctuary of Oharano Shrine instead of the usual mythical komainu figures. "]
[9593,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","お守り","おまもり","omamori","神社のお守りや御朱印帳、絵馬、そしておみくじも鹿をモチーフとしたものとなっています。","Deer themes can also be seen in the shrine’s omamori amulets, goshuincho seal books, ema votive tablets, and omikuji fortunes.","※ネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「amulet」も使用することも可能。"]
[9594,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","御朱印長","ごしゅいんちょう","goshuincho","神社のお守りや御朱印帳、絵馬、そしておみくじも鹿をモチーフとしたものとなっています。","Deer themes can also be seen in the shrine’s omamori amulets, goshuincho seal books, ema votive tablets, and omikuji fortunes.","※ネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「seal book」も使用することも可能。"]
[9595,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","絵馬","えま","ema","神社のお守りや御朱印帳、絵馬、そしておみくじも鹿をモチーフとしたものとなっています。","Deer themes can also be seen in the shrine’s omamori amulets, goshuincho seal books, ema votive tablets, and omikuji fortunes.","※ネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「votive tablet」も使用することも可能。"]
[9596,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","おみくじ","おみくじ","omikuji","神社のお守りや御朱印帳、絵馬、そしておみくじも鹿をモチーフとしたものとなっています。","Deer themes can also be seen in the shrine’s omamori amulets, goshuincho seal books, ema votive tablets, and omikuji fortunes.","※ネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「fortune」も使用することも可能。"]
[9597,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","金蔵寺","こんぞうじ","Konzoji Temple","小塩山の中腹に位置する金蔵寺では、大原野地域の自然を楽しみながら境内を散策することができます。","Konzoji Temple is located halfway up Mt. Oshio, providing an opportunity to explore the precincts while enjoying the natural scenery of the Oharano area. "]
[9598,"京都府","大原野保勝会","社会","応仁の乱","おうにんのらん","Onin War","金蔵寺は718年に創建されましたが、応仁の乱（1467年～1477年）で焼失してしまいました。","Konzoji was founded in 718, but was lost to fire during the Onin War (1467–1477). "]
[9599,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","桂昌院","けいしょういん","Keishoin","この地域の他の多くの寺院同様、この寺も第5代徳川将軍であった綱吉の母である桂昌院（1627年～1705年）の資金援助を受けて1691年に再建されました。","Like many other temples in the area, it was rebuilt in 1691 with financing provided by Keishoin (1627–1705), mother of the fifth Tokugawa shogun, Tsunayoshi."]
[9600,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","徳川綱吉","とくがわつなよし","Tokugawa Tsunayoshi","この地域の他の多くの寺院同様、この寺も第5代徳川将軍であった綱吉の母である桂昌院（1627年～1705年）の資金援助を受けて1691年に再建されました。","Like many other temples in the area, it was rebuilt in 1691 with financing provided by Keishoin (1627–1705), mother of the fifth Tokugawa shogun, Tsunayoshi."]
[9601,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","仁王門","におうもん","Niomon Gate","金蔵寺の参拝は、仁王門をくぐり、石段を上がり、寺務所や鐘楼、池、そして護摩堂へ進むところから始まります。","A visit to Konzoji begins by passing through the Niomon Gate and ascending a stone stairway to the temple office, bell tower, pond, and the Gomado Hall. "]
[9602,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","護摩堂","ごまどう","Gomado Hall","金蔵寺の参拝は、仁王門をくぐり、石段を上がり、寺務所や鐘楼、池、そして護摩堂へ進むところから始まります。","A visit to Konzoji begins by passing through the Niomon Gate and ascending a stone stairway to the temple office, bell tower, pond, and the Gomado Hall. "]
[9603,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","本堂","ほんどう","Hondo","本堂はさらに石段を登った先にあります。","The temple’s Hondo (Main Hall) is located at the top of another flight of stone steps. "]
[9604,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","観音菩薩","かんのんぼさつ","Kannon Bodhisattva","その中には、本尊である十一面千手観音菩薩像（慈悲の菩薩）が安置されています。","It enshrines the principal object of worship: a statue of Kannon, the bodhisattva of compassion, depicted in an eleven-faced, thousand-armed form. "]
[9605,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","葉山神社","はやまじんじゃ","Hayama Jinja Shrine","本堂の西側には葉山神社と、桂昌院の髪の毛が祀られていると言われている桂昌院御廟への道があります。","To the west of the Hondo is the route to Hayama Jinja Shrine and Keishoin Mausoleum, where a lock of Keishoin’s hair is said to be enshrined. "]
[9606,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","桂昌院御廟","けいしょういんごびょう","Keishoin Mausoleum","本堂の西側には葉山神社と、桂昌院の髪の毛が祀られていると言われている桂昌院御廟への道があります。","To the west of the Hondo is the route to Hayama Jinja Shrine and Keishoin Mausoleum, where a lock of Keishoin’s hair is said to be enshrined. "]
[9607,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","愛宕大権現本殿","あたごだいごんげんほんでん","Atago Daigongen Hall","本堂の東側には朱色の鳥居があり、勝軍地蔵菩薩像が安置されている愛宕大権現本殿へ向かう小道が続いています。","To the east of the Hondo is a vermilion torii gate and a path that leads to the Atago Daigongen Hall, which houses a statue of the bodhisattva Shogun Jizo."]
[9608,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","勝軍地蔵菩薩","しょうぐんじぞうぼさつ","Shogun Jizo","本堂の東側には朱色の鳥居があり、勝軍地蔵菩薩像が安置されている愛宕大権現本殿へ向かう小道が続いています。","To the east of the Hondo is a vermilion torii gate and a path that leads to the Atago Daigongen Hall, which houses a statue of the bodhisattva Shogun Jizo."]
[9609,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","愛宕山","あたごやま\nあたごさん","Mt. Atago","もともと愛宕山で信仰され、火除けと戦勝のご利益があると信じられています。","It was originally worshipped on Mt. Atago and is believed to guard against fire and help achieve victory in battle. "]
[9610,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","開山堂","かいさんどう","Kaisando","本堂から東へ少し歩くと、開山堂への階段と、八角形の石造りの囲いの中に下の川弁財天があります。","A short walk farther east from the Hondo leads to a stairway to the Kaisando (Founder’s Hall) and to Shimonogawa Benzaiten, a shrine in an octagonal stone enclosure. "]
[9611,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","下の川弁財天","しものがわべんざいてん","Shimonogawa Benzaiten","本堂から東へ少し歩くと、開山堂への階段と、八角形の石造りの囲いの中に下の川弁財天があります。","A short walk farther east from the Hondo leads to a stairway to the Kaisando (Founder’s Hall) and to Shimonogawa Benzaiten, a shrine in an octagonal stone enclosure. "]
[9612,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","招き猫","まねきねこ","maneki neko","展望台の近くには、招き猫やぽっちゃりとしたタヌキの置物などの素朴な装飾が特徴の古い茶屋があります。","Near the lookout point is an old tea house with several simple decorations, such as maneki neko (beckoning cat) and plump tanuki (raccoon dog) figurines.","※ネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「beckoning cat figurine」も使用することも可能。"]
[9613,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","狸","たぬき","tanuki","展望台の近くには、招き猫やぽっちゃりとしたタヌキの置物などの素朴な装飾が特徴の古い茶屋があります。","Near the lookout point is an old tea house with several simple decorations, such as maneki neko (beckoning cat) and plump tanuki (raccoon dog) figurines.","※ネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、「raccoon dog」も使用することも可能。"]
[9614,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","三鈷寺","さんこじ","Sankoji Temple","鴨瀬山の中腹にある三鈷寺は、京都盆地を一望できることでよく知られています。","Sankoji Temple on the slope of Mt. Kamose is best known for the scenic view it commands of the Kyoto basin. "]
[9615,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","鴨瀬山","かもせやま","Mt. Kamose","鴨瀬山の中腹にある三鈷寺は、京都盆地を一望できることでよく知られています。","Sankoji Temple on the slope of Mt. Kamose is best known for the scenic view it commands of the Kyoto basin. "]
[9616,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","比叡山","ひえいざん","Mt. Hiei","この寺は左側には比叡山と北山、前方には東山連峰、そして右側には南部の宇治市や木津川市までを見晴らせる景色を有しており","The vista encompasses Mt. Hiei and the eastern Higashiyama mountains, the Kitayama mountains in the north, Kyoto itself, and the cities of Uji and Kizugawa."]
[9617,"京都府","大原野保勝会","山岳","東山連峰","ひがしやまれんぽう","Higashiyama mountains","この寺は左側には比叡山と北山、前方には東山連峰、そして右側には南部の宇治市や木津川市までを見晴らせる景色を有しており","The vista encompasses Mt. Hiei and the eastern Higashiyama mountains, the Kitayama mountains in the north, Kyoto itself, and the cities of Uji and Kizugawa."]
[9618,"京都府","大原野保勝会","山岳","北山連峰","きたやまれんぽう","Kitayama mountains","この寺は左側には比叡山と北山、前方には東山連峰、そして右側には南部の宇治市や木津川市までを見晴らせる景色を有しており","The vista encompasses Mt. Hiei and the eastern Higashiyama mountains, the Kitayama mountains in the north, Kyoto itself, and the cities of Uji and Kizugawa."]
[9619,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","天台宗","てんだいしゅう","Tendai school","この寺の起源は、1074年に天台僧の源算上人（983年～1099年）が庵を建立し、北尾往生院と名付けたことから始まります。","The temple’s origin dates to 1074, when the Tendai school monk Gensan (983–1099) built a hermitage that he named Kitao Ojoin. "]
[9620,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","源算上人","げんさんしょうにん","Gensan","この寺の起源は、1074年に天台僧の源算上人（983年～1099年）が庵を建立し、北尾往生院と名付けたことから始まります。","The temple’s origin dates to 1074, when the Tendai school monk Gensan (983–1099) built a hermitage that he named Kitao Ojoin. "]
[9621,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","北尾往生院","きたおおうじょういん","Kitao Ojoin","この寺の起源は、1074年に天台僧の源算上人（983年～1099年）が庵を建立し、北尾往生院と名付けたことから始まります。","The temple’s origin dates to 1074, when the Tendai school monk Gensan (983–1099) built a hermitage that he named Kitao Ojoin. "]
[9622,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","證空（西山国師）","しょうくう（せいざんこくし）","Shoku (Seizan Kokushi)","1213年、西山三派の流祖證空（西山国師、1177年～1247年）が念仏（阿弥陀如来の名をお唱えする）道場として再興しました。","In 1213, Shoku (Seizan Kokushi, 1177–1247), the founder of the three Seizan schools of Buddhism, revived the hermitage as a training hall to practice nenbutsu, the continuous recitation of the name of Amida Buddha. "]
[9623,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","西山三派","せいざんさんぱ","Seizan schools of Buddhism","1213年、西山三派の流祖證空（西山国師、1177年～1247年）が念仏（阿弥陀如来の名をお唱えする）道場として再興しました。","In 1213, Shoku (Seizan Kokushi, 1177–1247), the founder of the three Seizan schools of Buddhism, revived the hermitage as a training hall to practice nenbutsu, the continuous recitation of the name of Amida Buddha. ","※西山派は三派ですので、他の宗派の英訳の「school」と違って、複数形の「schools」に訳すのをご注意。"]
[9624,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","念仏","ねんぶつ","nenbutsu","1213年、西山三派の流祖證空（西山国師、1177年～1247年）が念仏（阿弥陀如来の名をお唱えする）道場として再興しました。","In 1213, Shoku (Seizan Kokushi, 1177–1247), the founder of the three Seizan schools of Buddhism, revived the hermitage as a training hall to practice nenbutsu, the continuous recitation of the name of Amida Buddha. ","※ネイティブに対しイメージを想起させるより適切な表現として、説明の「the continuous recitation of the name of Amida Buddha」も使用することも可能。"]
[9625,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","阿弥陀如来","あみだにょらい","Amida Buddha","1213年、西山三派の流祖證空（西山国師、1177年～1247年）が念仏（阿弥陀如来の名をお唱えする）道場として再興しました。","In 1213, Shoku (Seizan Kokushi, 1177–1247), the founder of the three Seizan schools of Buddhism, revived the hermitage as a training hall to practice nenbutsu, the continuous recitation of the name of Amida Buddha. "]
[9626,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","三鈷杵","さんこしょ","sankosho","證空は、寺院の背後にある山が三叉の仏具である三鈷杵に似ていることから、三鈷寺と改名しました。","Shoku named the temple Sankoji, as the mountains behind the temple seemed to resemble the three-pronged ritual vajra (sankosho). "]
[9627,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","真言宗","しんごんしゅう","Shingon school","1951年に天台宗から西山宗の本山として独立し、天台・真言・律・浄土の四宗の教えを説いています。","In 1951, Sankoji separated from the Tendai school and became the head temple of an independent Seizan school, embracing and teaching doctrines of the Tendai, Shingon, Risshu, and Jodo schools."]
[9628,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","律宗","りっしゅう","Risshu school","1951年に天台宗から西山宗の本山として独立し、天台・真言・律・浄土の四宗の教えを説いています。","In 1951, Sankoji separated from the Tendai school and became the head temple of an independent Seizan school, embracing and teaching doctrines of the Tendai, Shingon, Risshu, and Jodo schools."]
[9629,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","浄土宗","じょうどしゅう","Jodo school","1951年に天台宗から西山宗の本山として独立し、天台・真言・律・浄土の四宗の教えを説いています。","In 1951, Sankoji separated from the Tendai school and became the head temple of an independent Seizan school, embracing and teaching doctrines of the Tendai, Shingon, Risshu, and Jodo schools."]
[9630,"京都府","大原野保勝会","工芸・美術","仏眼曼荼羅","ぶつげんまんだら","Buddha’s Eye Mandala","本来の御本尊である仏眼曼荼羅は、現在の本堂に安置するのが難しいですので、現在、金色不動明王像を御本尊としてお祀りしています。","It is difficult to enshrine the temple’s principal object of worship, the Buddha’s Eye Mandala, in the current Hondo, so a golden statue of Fudo Myo-o (the Immovable Wisdom King) presently serves as the principal image. "]
[9631,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","不動明王","ふどうみょうおう","Fudo Myo-o","本来の御本尊である仏眼曼荼羅は、現在の本堂に安置するのが難しいですので、現在、金色不動明王像を御本尊としてお祀りしています。","It is difficult to enshrine the temple’s principal object of worship, the Buddha’s Eye Mandala, in the current Hondo, so a golden statue of Fudo Myo-o (the Immovable Wisdom King) presently serves as the principal image. "]
[9632,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","聖徳太子","しょうとくたいし","Prince Shotoku","他の仏像としては、三鈷杵をモチーフにした台座上の阿弥陀如来、聖徳太子（574年～622年）、源算、そして真言宗の開祖である空海（弘法大師、774年～835年）が安置されています。","Other statues portray Amida Buddha on a pedestal with sankosho motifs, Prince Shotoku (574–622), Gensan, and Kukai (Kobo Daishi, 774–835), the founder of Shingon Buddhism."]
[9633,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","空海（弘法大師）","くうかい（こうぼうだいし）","Kukai (Kobo Daishi)","他の仏像としては、三鈷杵をモチーフにした台座上の阿弥陀如来、聖徳太子（574年～622年）、源算、そして真言宗の開祖である空海（弘法大師、774年～835年）が安置されています。","Other statues portray Amida Buddha on a pedestal with sankosho motifs, Prince Shotoku (574–622), Gensan, and Kukai (Kobo Daishi, 774–835), the founder of Shingon Buddhism."]
[9634,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","華台廟","けたいびょう","Ketaibyo Mausoleum","本堂の東側に華台廟があり、證空と彼の弟子である歌人の蓮生（1178年～1259年）の五輪塔が納められている高い台座の上に、證空の像が安置されています。","Ketaibyo Mausoleum in the right wing enshrines a statue of Shoku placed on a high pedestal that conceals memorial stone pagodas for Shoku and the poet Rensho (1178–1259), his disciple."]
[9635,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","蓮生","れんしょう","Rensho","本堂の東側に華台廟があり、證空と彼の弟子である歌人の蓮生（1178年～1259年）の五輪塔が納められている高い台座の上に、證空の像が安置されています。","Ketaibyo Mausoleum in the right wing enshrines a statue of Shoku placed on a high pedestal that conceals memorial stone pagodas for Shoku and the poet Rensho (1178–1259), his disciple."]
[9636,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","十輪寺","じゅうりんじ","Jurinji Temple","西山の麓に位置する十輪寺は、懐妊・安産祈願の寺として知られています。","Jurinji Temple in the foothills of the Nishiyama mountain range along Kyoto’s western border is known as a place to pray for conception and safe childbirth. "]
[9637,"京都府","大原野保勝会","山岳","西山連峰","にしやまれんぽう","Nishiyama mountain range ","西山の麓に位置する十輪寺は、懐妊・安産祈願の寺として知られています。","Jurinji Temple in the foothills of the Nishiyama mountain range along Kyoto’s western border is known as a place to pray for conception and safe childbirth. "]
[9638,"京都府","大原野保勝会","書物","伊勢物語","いせものがたり","Ise monogatari (The Tales of Ise)","早咲きの桜の名所であるほか、人里離れた静かなこの寺院には、2ヵ所の庭園や伊勢物語の場面を描いた襖、そして業平の供養塔や伝統的な塩窯などの見どころがあります。","In addition to its famous early blooming cherry tree, other attractions in the quiet, secluded temple include two gardens, painted sliding panels in one of the halls depicting scenes from Ise monogatari (The Tales of Ise), a small memorial pagoda dedicated to Narihira, and a traditional salt kiln."]
[9639,"京都府","大原野保勝会","社会","塩釜","しおがま","salt kiln","早咲きの桜の名所であるほか、人里離れた静かなこの寺院には、2ヵ所の庭園や伊勢物語の場面を描いた襖、そして業平の供養塔や伝統的な塩窯などの見どころがあります。","In addition to its famous early blooming cherry tree, other attractions in the quiet, secluded temple include two gardens, painted sliding panels in one of the halls depicting scenes from Ise monogatari (The Tales of Ise), a small memorial pagoda dedicated to Narihira, and a traditional salt kiln."]
[9640,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","延命地蔵","えんめいじぞう","Enmei Jizo Bodhisattva","この寺院は、850年に文徳天皇（826年～858年）によって、妃・藤原明景子（ふじわらのあきらけいこ、829年～900年）との子の安産を祈願し、木造延命地蔵菩薩を祀り、創建されました。","The temple was founded in 850 by Emperor Montoku (827–858), who enshrined a wooden statue of Enmei Jizo Bodhisattva (“Jizo of long life”) to pray for the safe birth of his child with his consort Fujiwara no Akirakeiko (829–900). "]
[9641,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","藤原明景子","ふじわらのあきらけいこ","Fujiwara no Akirakeiko ","この寺院は、850年に文徳天皇（826年～858年）によって、妃・藤原明景子（ふじわらのあきらけいこ、829年～900年）との子の安産を祈願し、木造延命地蔵菩薩を祀り、創建されました。","The temple was founded in 850 by Emperor Montoku (827–858), who enshrined a wooden statue of Enmei Jizo Bodhisattva (“Jizo of long life”) to pray for the safe birth of his child with his consort Fujiwara no Akirakeiko (829–900). "]
[9642,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","最澄（伝教大師）","さいちょう（でんぎょうだいし）","Saicho (Dengyo Daishi)","この地蔵尊は、天台宗の開祖である最澄（伝教大師、767年～822年）の作と伝えられています。","The Jizo statue is said to have been carved by Saicho (Dengyo Daishi, 767–822), the founder of Tendai Buddhism in Japan."]
[9643,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","花山院家","かさんのいんけ","Kasannoin family","寛文時代（1661年～1673年）に貴族の花山院家によって再建されるまで廃墟と化していました。","The temple lay in ruins until the Kanbun era (1661–1673), when it was rebuilt by the noble Kasannoin family. "]
[9644,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","菩提寺","ぼだいじ","bodaiji","十輪寺は花山院家の菩提寺となり、埋葬儀式を執り行い、墓を管理し、死後の冥福を祈る役割を果たしました。","Jurinji became their family memorial temple (bodaiji), tasked with holding burial rituals, caring for family graves, and praying for their souls after death.","※「family memorial temple」という説明訳も可能。"]
[9645,"京都府","大原野保勝会","書物","和歌","わか","waka","それにも関わらず、業平は宮廷で様々な役職を歴任し、優れた朝廷の役人、有能な戦士、熟練の騎手、そして才能あふれる歌人として知られていました。","Despite this, he served in various positions at court and was considered a competent official, capable warrior, skilled horseman, and talented waka poet. "]
[9646,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","伊勢神宮","いせじんぐう","Ise Jingu Grand Shrine","彼はハンサムな男性として知られており、天皇の妃や伊勢神宮の斎宮とのロマンスなどの多くの恋の噂は、古典的な詩集であり関連する散文物語でもある『伊勢物語』に影響を与えたと考えられています。","He was also known for his good looks, and his many rumored affairs, including romances with an emperor’s consort and a high priestess of Ise Jingu Grand Shrine, are thought to have inspired The Tales of Ise, a classic collection of poems and related narratives in prose."]
[9647,"京都府","大原野保勝会","書物","古今和歌集","こきんわかしゅう","Kokin Wakashu","10世紀の歌集『古今和歌集』には彼の最後の和歌を含む多くの作品が選ばれ、その歌集における六歌仙の1人にも彼は指名されています。","His last poem was among many of his works chosen for the tenth-century anthology Kokin Wakashu (Collection of Poems Ancient and Modern), in which he was also named one of the Six Immortal Poets."]
[9648,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","六歌仙","ろっかせん","Six Immortal Poets","10世紀の歌集『古今和歌集』には彼の最後の和歌を含む多くの作品が選ばれ、その歌集における六歌仙の1人にも彼は指名されています。","His last poem was among many of his works chosen for the tenth-century anthology Kokin Wakashu (Collection of Poems Ancient and Modern), in which he was also named one of the Six Immortal Poets."]
[9649,"京都府","大原野保勝会","建造物等","鳳輦形の屋根","ほうれんがたのやね","“palanquin-style” roof","珍しい鳳輦形の屋根は、かつて宮廷の要人を運ぶために使われていた輿の湾曲した屋根のような形をしています。","It has a rare “palanquin-style” roof, shaped like the curved roofs of litters once used to transport high-ranking members of court. "]
[9650,"京都府","大原野保勝会","工芸・美術","押絵","おしえ","oshie","主祭壇の両側にはさらに2体の仏像があり、堂内には多数の奉納された押絵が展示されています。","There are two more Buddhist statues on either side of the main altar, and many oshie (“padded cloth picture”) offerings are displayed throughout the hall."]
[9651,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","庫裏","くり","Kuri","本堂と庫裏（僧房と台所）は屋根付きの通路で繋がっています。","A roofed walkway connects the Hondo to the Kuri (monks’ quarters and kitchen). "]
[9652,"京都府","大原野保勝会","書物","都名所図会","みやこめいしょずえ","Miyako meishozue","2部屋の畳の部屋には、伊勢物語や18世紀後半のガイドブック「都名所図会」などの寺宝や美術品が展示されています。","Two tatami-mat rooms are used to exhibit temple treasures and art, such as copies of The Tales of Ise and the late-eighteenth-century guidebook Miyako meishozue (Famous Sights of the Capital). "]
[9653,"京都府","大原野保勝会","庭園・公園","三方普感","さんぽうふかん","Sanpo Fukan Garden","本堂と庫裏の間には、第27代当主・花山院常雅（1700年～1771年）の作庭とされる「三方普感の庭」があります。","Between the Hondo and the Kuri is the Sanpo Fukan (“three-way view”) Garden, thought to have been created by Kasanoin Tsunemasa (1700–1771), the 27th head of the Kasanoin family. "]
[9654,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","花山院常雅","かさんのいんつねまさ","Kasannoin Tsunemasa ","本堂と庫裏の間には、第27代当主・花山院常雅（1700年～1771年）の作庭とされる「三方普感の庭」があります。","Between the Hondo and the Kuri is the Sanpo Fukan (“three-way view”) Garden, thought to have been created by Kasannoin Tsunemasa (1700–1771), the 27th head of the Kasannoin family. "]
[9655,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","業平桜","なりひらざくら","Narihira-zakura","春先に花を咲かせ瓦屋根に枝を垂らす、樹齢200年の有名な業平桜があります。","It contains the famous Narihira-zakura, a 200-year-old weeping cherry tree that flowers in early spring, draping its branches over the tiled roofs. "]
[9656,"京都府","大原野保勝会","社会","塩焼き","しおやき","shioyaki","来訪者は11月23日の塩釜清め祭にて、塩焼きと呼ばれるこの優雅な遊びを見ることができます。","Visitors can observe this elegant pastime, called shioyaki, during the Shiogama Kiyomesai purification ceremony held at Jurinji on November 23rd."]
[9657,"京都府","大原野保勝会","年中行事","塩釜清め祭","しおがまきよめさい","Shiogama Kiyomesai","来訪者は11月23日の塩釜清め祭にて、塩焼きと呼ばれるこの優雅な遊びを見ることができます。","Visitors can observe this elegant pastime, called shioyaki, during the Shiogama Kiyomesai purification ceremony held at Jurinji on November 23rd."]
[9658,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","勝持寺","しょうじじ","Shojiji Temple","勝持寺は小塩山の麓に位置し、自然景観や四季の移ろいを楽しめる人気の観光スポットです。","The location of Shojiji Temple near the base of Mt. Oshio makes it a popular destination to enjoy the natural scenery and changing seasons."]
[9659,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","西行法師","さいぎょうほうし","Saigyo Hoshi","そのうちの1本は、高名な歌人で僧侶の西行法師（1118年～1190年）が植えた木の3世として特に有名です。","One of them is especially famous as the third-generation descendant of a tree planted by the renowned poet-monk Saigyo Hoshi (1118–1190). "]
[9660,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","西行桜","さいぎょうざくら","Saigyo-zakura","西行桜として知られ、それにちなんで勝持寺はしばしば「花の寺」と呼ばれるようになりました。","This cherry tree is known as Saigyo-zakura and is the reason why Shojiji is often referred to as the “temple of flowers.” "]
[9661,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","役行者","えんのぎょうじゃ","En no Gyoja","寺伝によれば、この寺院はもともと679年に修行僧である役行者（634年～701年?）によって創建され、791年に天台宗の開祖である最澄（伝教大師、767年～822年）によって規模を拡大して再建されました。","According to temple legend, Shojiji was originally founded in 679 by the ascetic En no Gyoja (634–701?) and rebuilt on a larger scale in 791 by Saicho (Dengyo Daishi, 767–822), the founder of Tendai Buddhism in Japan. "]
[9662,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","瑠璃光殿","るりこうでん","Rurikoden Hall","瑠璃光殿には、様式、大きさ、時代が異なる19体の仏像が安置されています。","Nineteen statues of different styles, sizes, and historical periods are enshrined in the Rurikoden Hall. "]
[9663,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","薬師如来","やくしにょらい","Yakushi Buddha","この寺の本尊は、治癒の神である薬師如来像で、左手に持った薬瓶に右手を伸ばす姿が表現されています。","The temple’s principal object of worship is a sculpture of Yakushi Buddha, the deity of healing, portrayed with the right hand reaching for the medicine jar held in the left palm. "]
[9664,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","十二神将","じゅうにしんしょう","Twelve Divine Generals","本尊の両側には十二神将の仏像があり、それぞれの頭には十二支のモチーフが置かれています。","On both sides of the main object of worship are sculptures of the Twelve Divine Generals, each with one of the twelve animals of the Chinese zodiac on the head. "]
[9665,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","月光菩薩","がっこうぼさつ","Gakko Bodhisattva","月光菩薩は月を表す白い円盤を持ち、日光菩薩は太陽を表す赤い円盤を持っています。","Gakko Bodhisattva holds a white disc that symbolizes the moon, and Nikko Bodhisattva holds a red disc representing the sun. "]
[9666,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","日光菩薩","にっこうぼさつ","Nikko Bodhisattva","月光菩薩は月を表す白い円盤を持ち、日光菩薩は太陽を表す赤い円盤を持っています。","Gakko Bodhisattva holds a white disc that symbolizes the moon, and Nikko Bodhisattva holds a red disc representing the sun. "]
[9667,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","仁王","におう","Nio guardians","お堂の奥の隅には、高さ3メートルの仁王像が2体建っています。","In the far corners of the hall are two 3-meter-tall sculptures of Nio guardians, which were originally located in the Niomon Gate, protecting the entrance to the temple. "]
[9668,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","醍醐天皇","だいごてんのう","Emperor Daigo","927年に醍醐天皇（885年～930年）の勅により納められた木造扁額が床上に展示されています。","A wooden plaque commissioned by Emperor Daigo (885–930) in 927 is displayed at ground level."]
[9669,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","小野道風","おののみちかぜ","Ono no Michikaze","著名な書家である小野道風（894年～966年）の揮毫により寺号が刻まれました。","It is carved with the temple’s name based on characters written by the eminent calligrapher Ono no Michikaze (894–966). "]
[9670,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","近衛家熙","このえいえひろ","Konoe Iehiro ","扁額の右側には、高位の公家で書道家、そして茶人や学者でもあった近衛家熙（1667年～1736年）の扁額に対する認証状があります。","To the right of the plaque is a letter of authentication by Konoe Iehiro (1667–1736), a high-ranking court noble, calligrapher, tea master, and scholar."]
[9671,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","阿弥陀堂","あみだどう","Amidado Hall","瑠璃光殿の隣にある阿弥陀堂は、無限の光と命をもつ仏陀である阿弥陀如来を祀っています。","The Amidado Hall next to the Rurikoden is devoted to the worship of Amida, the Buddha of Infinite Light and Life. "]
[9672,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","不動堂","ふどうどう","Fudodo Hall","石段を登ったところに不動堂があり、不動明王が祀られています。この不動明王は信者を守り、厳しさある愛情で導くと信じられている精悍な姿をした神です。","At the top of a stone stairway is the Fudodo Hall dedicated to Fudo Myo-o, the Immovable Wisdom King, a fierce-looking deity believed to protect and guide the faithful with stern love. "]
[9673,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","正法寺","しょうぼうじ","Shoboji Temple","正法寺には多くの仏像が安置されており、その中で最も珍しいのは、慈悲の菩薩である三面の観音像です。","There are many Buddhist statues enshrined at Shoboji Temple, and the most unusual is a sculpture of Kannon, the bodhisattva of compassion, with three faces. "]
[9674,"京都府","大原野保勝会","庭園・公園","宝生苑","ほうしょうえん","Hoshoen Garden","宝生苑は枯山水庭園と池泉回遊式庭園を組み合わせた庭園です。","The Hoshoen is a combination of a dry landscape garden and a pond-viewing garden. "]
[9675,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","宝生殿","ほうしょうでん","Hoshoden Hall","宝生殿にある絵図を参照することで、それらの全種を識別することができます。","A picture guide in the Hoshoden Hall helps visitors find and identify them all. "]
[9676,"京都府","大原野保勝会","庭園・公園","借景","しゃっけい","shakkei","景色が外壁の向こうに広がり、京都の街並みと東山連峰を「借景」として取り込んでいます。","The view extends beyond the outer wall to encompass the Kyoto cityscape and Higashiyama mountains, incorporating them as “borrowed scenery” (shakkei). "]
[9677,"京都府","大原野保勝会","庭園・公園","鳥獣の石庭","ちょうじゅうのせきてい","“rock garden of birds and beasts” ","丁寧に仕上げられた白砂と池の周囲には鳥や動物の形に似た石が置かれ、別名「鳥獣の石庭」とも呼ばれています。","The shapes of the stones placed in the carefully raked white sand and around the pond resemble birds and animals, giving the garden its other name, “rock garden of birds and beasts.” "]
[9678,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","愛染明王","あいぜんみょうおう","Aizen Myo-o","庭園に面した宝生殿には六臂三眼の愛染明王像が安置されており、縁結びや夫婦円満のご利益があるとされています。","The Hoshoden Hall facing the garden contains a statue of Aizen Myo-o, a Wisdom King depicted with six arms and three eyes, who is believed to grant strong relationships and marital harmony. "]
[9679,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","大黒天","だいこくてん","Daikokuten","七福神の一つである大黒天の疾走する姿を表現した比較的珍しい彫像は、人々に幸福をもたらすために急いでいるかのようにも見えます。","A relatively rare sculpture of a running Daikokuten, one of the Seven Gods of Fortune, portrays the deity in mid-stride, as if hurrying to bring happiness to people."]
[9680,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","七福神","しちふくじん","Seven Gods of Fortune","七福神の一つである大黒天の疾走する姿を表現した比較的珍しい彫像は、人々に幸福をもたらすために急いでいるかのようにも見えます。","A relatively rare sculpture of a running Daikokuten, one of the Seven Gods of Fortune, portrays the deity in mid-stride, as if hurrying to bring happiness to people."]
[9681,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","三面千手観音菩薩","さんめんせんじゅかんのんぼさつ","Sanmen Senju Kannon","須弥壇上にある最大の仏像は、ご本尊の三面千手観音菩薩像です。","The largest statue on the altar is the principal object of worship, Sanmen Senju Kannon. "]
[9682,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","聖観音","しょうかんのん","Sho Kannon","右側には聖観音と呼ばれる人間の姿をした観音菩薩像があります。それは正法寺で最も古い仏像です。","To the right is a statue of Kannon in a human form. It is called Sho Kannon and is the oldest sculpture in Shoboji. "]
[9683,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","大日如来","だいにちにょらい","Dainichi Buddha","さらに右には、室町時代（1336年～1573年）の大日如来像があります。","Further right is a Muromachi-period (1336–1573) sculpture of Dainichi, the cosmic Buddha. "]
[9684,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","西井佐代子","にしいさよこ","Nishii Sayoko","大原野生まれの画家西井佐代子氏（1947年～2000年）は、寺院の書院のために西山の風景を描いた41面の襖絵を依頼されました。","The Oharano-born artist Nishii Sayoko (1947–2000) was commissioned to paint 41 sliding screens for the temple’s shoin reception rooms with scenes of the Nishiyama landscape. "]
[9685,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","春日不動明王","かすがふどうみょうおう","Kasuga Fudo Myo-o","春日不動明王を祀っており、安全と繁栄や病気平癒、厄除けのご利益があるとされています。","It enshrines Kasuga Fudo Myo-o, the Immovable Wisdom King, who is believed to grant safety and prosperity, recovery from illness, and protection from evil. "]
[9686,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","遍照塔","へんじょうとう","Henjoto Pagoda","お堂からは朱色の遍照塔など周囲の景色を眺めることができます。","The hall provides a good vantage point to take in the surroundings, including the vermilion Henjoto Pagoda. "]
[9687,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","春日稲荷神社","かすがいなりじんじゃ","Kasuga Inari Shrine","不動堂の裏手には参拝者が商売繁盛や繁栄を祈願する春日稲荷神社があります。","Behind the Fudodo is Kasuga Inari Shrine, where people pray for commercial success and prosperity."]
[9688,"京都府","大原野保勝会","動物","メジロ","めじろ","Japanese white-eye","2月から3月にかけて遠方にある東山連峰を背景に白やピンクの花が咲き、メジロなどの鳥を引き寄せます。","They bloom white and pink from February to mid-March with the Higashiyama mountain range in the distance and attract many birds, including Japanese white-eyes (mejiro)."]
[9689,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","智威大徳","ちいだいとく","Chii Daitoku","中国の僧智威大徳は、8世紀に仏教を広めるために来日しました。","In the eighth century, the Chinese monk Chii Daitoku came to Japan to help propagate Buddhism. "]
[9690,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","春日禅房","かすがぜんぼう","Kasuga Zenbo","754年に大原野に春日禅房という庵を建て修行を行いました。","He built a hermitage called Kasuga Zenbo in Oharano in 754 to pursue his ascetic practices."]
[9691,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","勝龍寺","しょうりゅうじ","Shoryuji Temple","寺伝によると、真言宗の開祖である空海（弘法大師、774年～835年）が、仏教を学んでいた中国の寺院にちなんで「青龍」の文字を入れ、806年に青龍寺を建立しました。","According to temple legend, the monk Kukai (Kobo Daishi, 774–835), the founder of the Shingon school of Buddhism, established Shoryuji in 806. "]
[9692,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","千観","せんかん","Senkan","962年にひどい干ばつに見舞われたとき、天皇は住職の千観（918年～984年）に1週間雨乞いをするよう命じたと言われています。","It is said that during a severe drought in 962, the emperor ordered the chief abbot Senkan (918–984) to spend a week praying for rain. "]
[9693,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","しめ縄","しめなわ","sacred rope","入口にかかっている龍の形をしたしめ縄は、龍が西方にある西山へ向かって飛んでいく様子を表しています。","Hanging over the Hondo entryway is a sacred rope shaped like an undulating dragon flying west toward the Nishiyama mountains. "]
[9694,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","十一面観音菩薩","じゅういちめんかんのんぼさつ","Eleven-Headed Kannon","勝龍寺のご本尊は十一面観音菩薩（慈悲の菩薩）の立像です。","The principal object of worship at Shoryuji is a statue of the Eleven-Headed Kannon, the bodhisattva of compassion. "]
[9695,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","ぼけ封じ観世音","ぼけふうじかんぜおん","Bokefuji Kannon","境内には旅の僧、空海（修行大師）や認知症を予防するぼけ封じ観世音、七福神の一人である布袋、そして治癒力があると評判の賓頭盧尊者などの像が安置されています。","The temple grounds contain statues of Kukai as a traveling monk, Bokefuji Kannon believed to protect against dementia, Hotei (one of the Seven Gods of Fortune), and the arhat Binzuru Sonja reputed to have healing powers. "]
[9696,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","布袋","ほてい","Hotei","境内には旅の僧、空海（修行大師）や認知症を予防するぼけ封じ観世音、七福神の一人である布袋、そして治癒力があると評判の賓頭盧尊者などの像が安置されています。","The temple grounds contain statues of Kukai as a traveling monk, Bokefuji Kannon believed to protect against dementia, Hotei (one of the Seven Gods of Fortune), and the arhat Binzuru Sonja reputed to have healing powers. "]
[9697,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","賓頭盧尊者","びんずるそんじゃ","Binzuru Sonja","境内には旅の僧、空海（修行大師）や認知症を予防するぼけ封じ観世音、七福神の一人である布袋、そして治癒力があると評判の賓頭盧尊者などの像が安置されています。","The temple grounds contain statues of Kukai as a traveling monk, Bokefuji Kannon believed to protect against dementia, Hotei (one of the Seven Gods of Fortune), and the arhat Binzuru Sonja reputed to have healing powers. "]
[9698,"京都府","大原野保勝会","工芸・美術","切り絵","きりえ","kirie","勝龍寺は、複雑に紙を切るアートである「切り絵」で知られており、切り絵のお寺の印（御朱印）、お守り、切り絵のアート・プリントなどを提供しています。","Shoryuji is known for kirie, the art of intricate paper cutting, offering items such as kirie temple seals (goshuin), omamori amulets, and art prints. "]
[9699,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","ほてい市","ほていいち","Hotei Market","勝龍寺では１月と８月を除く毎月第2日曜日に「ほてい市」が開催され、近隣の人々が手作りの食品、工芸品、環境に優しい商品を販売し、ミュージシャンがミニライブを行っています。","On the second Sunday of each month except January and August, Shoryuji hosts the Hotei Market where people from the neighborhood sell homemade food, crafts, and eco-friendly goods, and musicians give small performances."]
[9700,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","善峯寺","よしみねでら","Yoshiminedera Temple","善峰寺は京都の南西部、大原野の緑豊かな山中に位置する天台宗の寺院です。","Yoshiminedera is a Tendai school Buddhist temple located in the forested mountains of Oharano in southwestern Kyoto. "]
[9701,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","西国三十三所","さいごくさんじゅうさんしょ","Saigoku Kannon Pilgrimage","このお寺は慈悲の菩薩、観音菩薩を本尊とする関西の寺院を結ぶ西国三十三所霊場の一つです。","It is one of the 33 temples on the Saigoku Kannon Pilgrimage, a route connecting a series of temples in the Kansai area dedicated to Kannon, the bodhisattva of compassion. "]
[9702,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","延暦寺","えんりゃくじ","Enryakuji Temple","善峰寺は、幽居にふさわしい地を求めて京都の南西部の山に立ち寄った、比叡山延暦寺の僧侶源算（983年～1099年）によって1029年に創建されました。","Yoshiminedera was founded in 1029 by Gensan (983–1099), a monk from Enryakuji Temple on Mt. Hiei, who came to the mountains southwest of Kyoto looking for a sacred place to build a retreat. "]
[9703,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","千手観音","せんじゅかんのん","Thousand-Armed Kannon","源算は千手観音像を彫り、法華院と名付けた小さなお堂を建てて安置しました。","Gensan carved a statue of the Thousand-Armed Kannon and built a small temple that he named Hokkein to enshrine it. "]
[9704,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","法華院","ほっけいん","Hokkein","源算は千手観音像を彫り、法華院と名付けた小さなお堂を建てて安置しました。","Gensan carved a statue of the Thousand-Armed Kannon and built a small temple that he named Hokkein to enshrine it. "]
[9705,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","後一条天皇","ごいちじょうてんのう","Emperor Go-Ichijo","1034年に後一条天皇（1008年～1036年）は鎮護国家の祈祷を法華院にて行うことを勅令し、その際に「善峰寺」と改名されました。","The name was changed to Yoshiminedera in 1034, when Emperor Go-Ichijo (1008–1036) decreed that prayers for the protection of the country should be held there. "]
[9706,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","坊","ぼう","subtemple","宮廷の庇護のもと、善峰寺は50以上の坊を擁する広大な寺院となりました。","With the patronage of the court, Yoshiminedera became a sprawling temple complex that included over 50 subtemples."]
[9707,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","観音堂","かんのんどう","Kannondo Hall","善峰寺の境内は10ヘクタール近くあります。大きな楼門をくぐると本堂の観音堂があり、そこから枝道を経て経蔵、開山堂、釈迦堂、薬師堂など山腹の建造物へとつながっています。","The main route leads through the large Niomon Gate to the Kannondo Hall, and from there branching paths continue to other structures on the mountainside, such as the Sutra Repository, the Founder’s Hall, the Shakado Hall, and the Yakushido Hall."]
[9708,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","経蔵","きょうぞう","Sutra Repository","善峰寺の境内は10ヘクタール近くあります。大きな楼門をくぐると本堂の観音堂があり、そこから枝道を経て経蔵、開山堂、釈迦堂、薬師堂など山腹の建造物へとつながっています。","The main route leads through the large Niomon Gate to the Kannondo Hall, and from there branching paths continue to other structures on the mountainside, such as the Sutra Repository, the Founder’s Hall, the Shakado Hall, and the Yakushido Hall."]
[9709,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","釈迦堂","しゃかどう","Shakado Hall","善峰寺の境内は10ヘクタール近くあります。大きな楼門をくぐると本堂の観音堂があり、そこから枝道を経て経蔵、開山堂、釈迦堂、薬師堂など山腹の建造物へとつながっています。","The main route leads through the large Niomon Gate to the Kannondo Hall, and from there branching paths continue to other structures on the mountainside, such as the Sutra Repository, the Founder’s Hall, the Shakado Hall, and the Yakushido Hall."]
[9710,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","薬師堂","やくしどう","Yakushido Hall","境内の最も高い場所のひとつに建つ薬師堂には、医学の仏様である薬師如来が祀られています。","The Yakushido Hall, standing at one of the highest points in the precincts, is dedicated to Yakushi Buddha, the deity of medicine. "]
[9711,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","釈迦牟尼仏","しゃかむにぶつ","Buddha Shakyamuni","歴史的な釈迦牟尼仏を安置する釈迦堂で祈祷すると、腰痛や神経痛などが緩和されると言われていますが、仏様のご利益としては珍しいとされています。","Praying at the Shakado Hall that enshrines a statue of the historical Buddha Shakyamuni is said to alleviate lower back pain or neuralgia, which is considered unusual for blessings typically bestowed by this deity. "]
[9712,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","出世薬師","しゅっせやくし","Shusse Yakushi","善峰寺では、桂昌院が平民の娘の出から将軍の母にまで上り詰めたことから、この仏を「出世薬師」として祀っています。","At Yoshiminedera, the deity is worshipped as Shusse Yakushi (“Yakushi of success”), reflecting Keishoin’s rise from the daughter of a commoner to the mother of a shogun."]
[9713,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","遊龍の松","ゆうりゅうのまつ","Yuryu no Matsu","他にも数多くある見どころのひとつは、「遊龍の松」と呼ばれる樹齢600年以上の五葉松です。","One of the many other interesting sights is a five-needle white pine tree called Yuryu no Matsu (“playful dragon pine”), which is thought to be over 600 years old. "]
[9714,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","ボタン桜","ぼたんざくら","botan cherry","春は桜が最も人気で、白山桜あじさい苑やお堂周辺では枝垂桜、山桜、ボタン桜、ヒガン桜など約百本が咲き誇ります。","In springtime, cherry blossoms are the most popular, and about a hundred weeping cherry, mountain cherry, botan cherry, and higan cherry trees grow in the Hakusan Sakura and Hydrangea Garden and beside the temple halls. "]
[9715,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","ヒガン桜","ひがんざくら","higan cherry ","春は桜が最も人気で、白山桜あじさい苑やお堂周辺では枝垂桜、山桜、ボタン桜、ヒガン桜など約百本が咲き誇ります。","In springtime, cherry blossoms are the most popular, and about a hundred weeping cherry, mountain cherry, botan cherry, and higan cherry trees grow in the Hakusan Sakura and Hydrangea Garden and beside the temple halls. "]
[9716,"京都府","大原野保勝会","庭園・公園","白山桜あじさい苑","はくさんさくらあじさいえん","Hakusan Sakura and Hydrangea Garden","春は桜が最も人気で、白山桜あじさい苑やお堂周辺では枝垂桜、山桜、ボタン桜、ヒガン桜など約百本が咲き誇ります。","In springtime, cherry blossoms are the most popular, and about a hundred weeping cherry, mountain cherry, botan cherry, and higan cherry trees grow in the Hakusan Sakura and Hydrangea Garden and beside the temple halls. "]
[9717,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","幸福地蔵","しあわせじぞう","Shiawase Jizo","その大きくて丸い花は、参拝者に幸せをもたらすとされる幸福地蔵の展望台に立って上から眺めるたり、庭園内の曲がりくねった小道を散策しながら間近に観察することができます。","The large, round flowerheads can be observed from above on the viewing platform where the statue of Shiawase Jizo, a bodhisattva said to bless worshippers with happiness, is located, or up close while wandering the garden’s curving paths. "]
[9718,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","光明寺","こうみょうじ","Komyoji Temple","光明寺は西山浄土宗の総本山です。","Komyoji is the head temple of the Seizan Jodo school of Buddhism. "]
[9719,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","西山浄土宗","せいざんじょうどしゅう","Seizan Jodo school","光明寺は西山浄土宗の総本山です。","Komyoji is the head temple of the Seizan Jodo school of Buddhism. "]
[9720,"京都府","大原野保勝会","山岳","西山","にしやま","Nishiyama mountains","西山の麓にある広大な寺院は、直訳でピュアランドを意味する浄土宗の開祖 法然（1133年～1212年）と歴史的に深いつながりがあります。","The vast temple complex at the base of the Nishiyama mountains has a strong historical connection with Honen (1133–1212), the founder of the Jodo (Pure Land) school. "]
[9721,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","法然上人","ほうねんしょうにん","Honen","西山の麓にある広大な寺院は、直訳でピュアランドを意味する浄土宗の開祖法然（1133年～1212年）と歴史的に深いつながりがあります。","The vast temple complex at the base of the Nishiyama mountains has a strong historical connection with Honen (1133–1212), the founder of the Jodo (Pure Land) school. "]
[9722,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","浄土宗","じょうどしゅう","Jodo (Pure Land) school","西山の麓にある広大な寺院は、直訳でピュアランドを意味する浄土宗の開祖法然（1133年～1212年）と歴史的に深いつながりがあります。","The vast temple complex at the base of the Nishiyama mountains has a strong historical connection with Honen (1133–1212), the founder of the Jodo (Pure Land) school. "]
[9723,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","御影堂","みえどう","Miedo Hall","見どころは、御影堂へ続く石段と山門から左手に続く約200メートルの「もみじの道」です。","Highlights include the stone stairway leading to the Miedo Hall and the 200-meter “maple path” to the left from the main gate. "]
[9724,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","蓮生（熊谷直実）","れんせい（くまがいなおざね）","Rensei (Kumagai Naozane)","光明寺の起源は1198年、法然の弟子、蓮生僧（熊谷直実、1141年～1207年？）が念仏三昧院を建立したことに遡ります。","The origin of Komyoji dates to 1198, when the monk Rensei (Kumagai Naozane, 1141–1208), a disciple of Honen, built Nenbutsu Zanmaiin Temple. "]
[9725,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","念仏三昧院","ねんぶつざんまいいん","Nenbutsu Zanmaiin Temple","光明寺の起源は1198年、法然の弟子、蓮生僧（熊谷直実、1141年～1207年？）が念仏三昧院を建立したことに遡ります。","The origin of Komyoji dates to 1198, when the monk Rensei (Kumagai Naozane, 1141–1208), a disciple of Honen, built Nenbutsu Zanmaiin Temple. "]
[9726,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","勢至菩薩","せいしぼさつ","Seishi Bodhisattva","阿弥陀堂には、高さ2メートルの阿弥陀如来像が安置され、その両側に勢至菩薩と観音菩薩の小さな仏像が祀られています。","The Amidado enshrines a 2-meter statue of Amida Buddha flanked by smaller sculptures of Seishi, the bodhisattva of wisdom, and Kannon, the bodhisattva of compassion. "]
[9727,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","浄土","じょうど","Pure Land","阿弥陀様の手指は、浄土への信者の魂を迎える印相（ムードラ）を形づくっています。","Amida’s hands form a mudra welcoming the souls of the devotees to the Pure Land. "]
[9728,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","印相","いんそう","mudra","阿弥陀様の手指は、浄土への信者の魂を迎える印相（ムードラ）を形づくっています。","Amida’s hands form a mudra welcoming the souls of the devotees to the Pure Land. "]
[9729,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","勅使門","ちょくしもん","Chokushimon Gate","庭園の反対側にある勅使門は主に朝廷からの使いである勅使が使用した門です。 ","On the opposite side of the garden is the Chokushimon Gate, which was solely used by messengers from the emperor’s court."]
[9730,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","勅使","ちょくし","messenger from the emperor’s court","庭園の反対側にある勅使門は主に朝廷からの使いである勅使が使用した門です。","On the opposite side of the garden is the Chokushimon Gate, which was solely used by messengers from the emperor’s court.","※補足情報があったら、「chokushi」も可能。"]
[9731,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","長岡天満宮","ながおかてんまんぐう","Nagaoka Tenmangu Shrine","長岡京市にある長岡天満宮では、現代において学問の神として崇められ、天神と呼ばれている菅原道真を祀っています。","Nagaoka Tenmangu Shrine in the city of Nagaokakyo is dedicated to Sugawara no Michizane, a man now worshipped as a deity of scholarship called Tenjin."]
[9732,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","菅原道真","すがわらのみちざね","Sugawara no Michizane","長岡京市にある長岡天満宮では、現代において学問の神として崇められ、天神と呼ばれている菅原道真を祀っています。","Nagaoka Tenmangu Shrine in the city of Nagaokakyo is dedicated to Sugawara no Michizane, a man now worshipped as a deity of scholarship called Tenjin. "]
[9733,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","天神","てんじん","Tenjin","長岡京市にある長岡天満宮では、現代において学問の神として崇められ、天神と呼ばれている菅原道真を祀っています。","Nagaoka Tenmangu Shrine in the city of Nagaokakyo is dedicated to Sugawara no Michizane, a man now worshipped as a deity of scholarship called Tenjin. "]
[9734,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","宇多天皇","うだてんのう","Emperor Uda ","菅原は宇多天皇（867年～931年）の朝廷において臣下として重用されていましたが、天皇の退位後、政敵からの政治的な陰謀に巻き込まれ、九州の遠方に流刑となりました。","He was a favorite in the court of Emperor Uda (867–931), but after the emperor abdicated, Sugawara became vulnerable to the political schemes of his rivals at court and was exiled to a remote posting in Kyushu. "]
[9735,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","八条ヶ池","はちじょうがいけ","Hachijogaike Pond","最初の鳥居から本殿に至る参道は、1638年に灌漑用の溜め池として作られた大きな八条ヶ池を越えて続きます。","The path from the first torii gate to the main sanctuary crosses over the large Hachijogaike Pond, which was originally created for irrigation purposes in 1638. "]
[9736,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","キリシマツツジ","きりしまつつじ","Kirishima azalea","春の境内には桜や菖蒲、ツツジが咲きますが、季節の花として最も有名なものは鮮やかな赤いキリシマツツジです。","Cherry trees, irises, and azaleas bloom on the shrine grounds throughout spring, but the most popular seasonal flower is the vibrant red Kirishima azalea. "]
[9737,"京都府","大原野保勝会","食","懐石料理","かいせきりょうり","kaiseki ryori ","池の片側には、近隣の懐石料理を提供する料亭のお座敷が水上の支柱に建っています。","On one side of the pond, elegant dining rooms that belong to a neighboring kaiseki ryori (traditional Japanese cuisine) restaurant stand on pillars over the water. "]
[9738,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","平安神宮","へいあんじんぐう","Heian Jingu Shrine","この朱塗の建物は、1941年に平安神宮から移築された京都府の有形文化財です。","The vermilion building was transferred from Heian Jingu Shrine in 1941 and is a Tangible Cultural Property of Kyoto Prefecture. "]
[9739,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","長岡稲荷大明神","ながおかいなりだいみょうじん","Nagaoka Inari Daimyojin","本殿から左手に小道を進むと、農業の神を祀る長岡稲荷大明神という末社があります。","A path to the left of the main sanctuary leads to Nagaoka Inari Daimyojin, a subsidiary shrine dedicated to a deity of agriculture. "]
[9740,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","柳谷観音（楊谷寺）","やなぎだにかんのん（ようこくじ）","Yanagidani Kannon (Yokokuji Temple)","柳谷観音とも呼ばれる楊谷寺には、創建以来、眼病平癒を祈願する参拝者が訪れています。","Worshippers have been coming to Yokokuji Temple, commonly called Yanagidani (“willow valley”) Kannon, to pray for recovery from eye ailments since its founding. "]
[9741,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","花手水","はなちょうず","hanachozu ","近年、花で満たされた芸術的な水盤「花手水」の制作が行われ、参拝客が増加しています。","In recent years, the temple’s practice of creating hanachozu (artistic, flower-filled water basins) has led to an increase in the number of visitors."]
[9742,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","延鎮","えんちん","Enchin","楊谷寺は、京都の有名な清水寺の開基でもある延鎮僧侶によって806年に創建されました。","Yokokuji was founded in 806 by the monk Enchin, also the founder of Kyoto’s famous Kiyomizudera Temple. "]
[9743,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","清水寺","きよみずでら","Kiyomizudera Temple","楊谷寺は、京都の有名な清水寺の開基でもある延鎮僧侶によって806年に創建されました。","Yokokuji was founded in 806 by the monk Enchin, also the founder of Kyoto’s famous Kiyomizudera Temple. "]
[9744,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","独鈷水","おこずい","okozui","この水は「独鈷水（鈷杵の水）」と呼ばれ、何人かの歴史上の人物によって使用され、今でも目の病気予防のために信者に求められています。","The water, called okozui (“vajra water”), was used by several historical figures and is still sought by believers for the prevention of eye illnesses."]
[9745,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","風神","ふうじん","Fujin","門の両側に風と雷の神である風神雷神像が立っています。","It is flanked by statues of Fujin and Raijin, the deities of wind and thunder. "]
[9746,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","雷神","らいじん","Raijin","門の両側に風と雷の神である風神雷神像が立っています。","It is flanked by statues of Fujin and Raijin, the deities of wind and thunder. "]
[9747,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","書院","しょいん","Shoin","書院は本堂と屋根付の回廊でつながっているお客様を迎える建物です。","The Shoin is a guest hall connected to the Hondo by a covered corridor."]
[9748,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","写経","しゃきょう","shakyo","院内では、お供えとしてお経を写す「写経」や仏様のお姿を写す「写仏」に参加することができます。","Inside, visitors can take part in ritual practices such as sutra copying (shakyo) or drawing a Buddhist divinity as an offering (shabutsu). "]
[9749,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","写仏","しゃぶつ","shabutsu","院内では、お供えとしてお経を写す「写経」や仏様のお姿を写す「写仏」に参加することができます。","Inside, visitors can take part in ritual practices such as sutra copying (shakyo) or drawing a Buddhist divinity as an offering (shabutsu). "]
[9750,"京都府","大原野保勝会","庭園・公園","浄土苑","じょうどえん","Jodoen Garden","書院の隣にある浄土苑は、江戸時代（1603年～1867年）中期に造営され、京都府によって名勝庭園に指定されています。","The Jodoen (“garden of the Pure Land”) next to the Shoin was created in the mid-Edo period (1603–1867) and is designated a Place of Scenic Beauty by Kyoto Prefecture. "]
[9751,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","上書院","かみしょいん","Kami-Shoin (Upper Guest Hall)","庭園は、書院、階段、上書院の3ヵ所の異なる高さと角度から鑑賞できるように設計されています。","The garden is designed for viewing from three different elevations and angles: from the Shoin, from the stairs, and from the Kami-Shoin (Upper Guest Hall). "]
[9752,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","奥の院","おくのいん","Okunoin (Inner Sanctuary)","屋根付きの長い階段を登ると奥の院につながります。","A long, covered stairway leads to the Okunoin (Inner Sanctuary). "]
[9753,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","中御門天皇","なかみかどてんのう","Emperor Nakamikado","そこには中御門天皇（1702年～1737年）より賜った観音像と28体の守護菩薩像が安置されています。","It contains a statue of Kannon given to the temple by Emperor Nakamikado (1702–1737) and 28 sculptures of the bodhisattva’s guardian deities. "]
[9754,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","愛染堂","あいぜんどう","Aizendo Hall","愛染堂は、縁結びや夫婦円満を司る明王である愛染明王を祀っています。","The Aizendo Hall is dedicated to Aizen Myo-o, a Wisdom King associated with relationships and marital harmony. "]
[9755,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","淀弁天堂","よどべんてんどう","Yodo Bentendo Hall","淀弁天堂には、武将・豊臣秀吉（1536年～1598年）の妃である、淀殿（1569年～1615年）の大きな人形が安置されています。","The Yodo Bentendo Hall displays a large doll of Lady Yodo (1569–1615), a consort of the warlord Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1536–1598). "]
[9756,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","淀殿","よどどの","Lady Yodo","淀弁天堂には、武将・豊臣秀吉（1536年～1598年）の妃である、淀殿（1569年～1615年）の大きな人形が安置されています。","The Yodo Bentendo Hall displays a large doll of Lady Yodo (1569–1615), a consort of the warlord Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1536–1598). "]
[9757,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","眼力稲荷","がんりきいなり","Ganriki Inari","2つの神社には、寺院の守護神である眼力稲荷が祀られており、参拝者に人生の困難な状況を乗り越えるための洞察力を授けてくれると信じられています。","Two shrines are dedicated to Ganriki Inari, a guardian deity of the temple believed to bless worshippers with insights that will guide them through difficult situations in their lives."]
[9758,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","乙訓寺","おとくにでら","Otokunidera Temple","長岡京市にある乙訓寺は、色とりどりの牡丹で有名です。","Otokunidera Temple in the city of Nagaokakyo is best known for its colorful peonies. "]
[9759,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","毘沙門天","びしゃもんてん","Bishamonten","珍しい本尊や、特徴的な表情の守護神毘沙門天など、興味深い仏像が数多く安置されています。","It enshrines several noteworthy statues, including an unusual principal object of worship and a guardian deity Bishamonten portrayed with an uncharacteristic expression. "]
[9760,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","総本山","そうほんざん","head temple","最初の花は1940年に、台風後の乙訓寺の復興を目的として、奈良県にある真言宗総本山長谷寺から寄贈されました。","The first flowers were donated in 1940 by the head Shingon temple, Hasedera in Nara Prefecture, to help revitalize Otokunidera after a typhoon."]
[9761,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","長谷寺","はせでら","Hasedera Temple","最初の花は1940年に、台風後の乙訓寺の復興を目的として、奈良県にある真言宗総本山長谷寺から寄贈されました。","The first flowers were donated in 1940 by the head Shingon temple, Hasedera in Nara Prefecture, to help revitalize Otokunidera after a typhoon."]
[9762,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","桓武天皇","かんむてんのう","Emperor Kanmu","784年には都が平城京（現在の奈良）から長岡京に移され、桓武天皇（737年～806年）は乙訓寺を大幅に拡張しました。","In 784, the capital was moved from Heijokyo (present-day Nara) to Nagaokakyo, and Emperor Kanmu (737–806) substantially expanded the temple."]
[9763,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","藤原種継","ふじわらのたねつぐ","Fujiwara no Tanetsugu ","翌年、遷都を担当した廷臣 藤原種継（737年～785年）が暗殺されました。","The following year, Fujiwara no Tanetsugu (737–785), a courtier in charge of building the new capital, was assassinated. "]
[9764,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","早良親王","さわらしんのう","Prince Sawara","捜査の結果、天皇の弟である早良親王（750年？～785年）の関与が疑われました。","An investigation implicated Prince Sawara (750?–785), the emperor’s younger brother, who had close ties to factions that opposed the move to Nagaokakyo. "]
[9765,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","八幡大菩薩","はちまんだいぼさつ","great bodhisattva Hachiman","寺伝によると、空海が八幡大菩薩の仏像を木から彫っていると、その神は老人として空海の前に現れ、二人は木像を一緒に完成させました。","According to temple legend, when Kukai was carving a wooden statue of the great bodhisattva Hachiman, the deity appeared to him as an elderly man and they completed the sculpture together. ","※限られたケースにのみ利用される。一般的に「the deity Hachiman」がお勧め。"]
[9766,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","八幡弘法合体大師","はちまんこうぼうがったいだいし","Hachiman Kobo Gattai Daishi","この珍しい像は「八幡弘法合体大師」と呼ばれ、現在では寺院の本尊となっており、33年に一度だけ一般公開されます。","The unusual statue, called Hachiman Kobo Gattai Daishi, is now the temple’s principal object of worship and is only shown to the public once every 33 years. ","※「合体大師」とも言える。"]
[9767,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","密教","みっきょう","esoteric Buddhism","最澄は密教をさらに深く理解することを目標としていたため、この交流の中で、空海は最澄にある秘法と灌頂を授けました。","During this exchange, Kukai bestowed certain secret teachings and initiations on Saicho, whose goal was to achieve an even deeper understanding of esoteric Buddhism."]
[9768,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","日限地蔵","ひぎりじぞう","Higiri Jizo","参道は、誓った日数だけ参拝すると願いが叶うとされる日限地蔵尊を祀るお堂に通じています。","The main approach leads to the hall dedicated to Higiri Jizo, a bodhisattva believed to grant wishes to worshippers who set a period of time and dutifully visit each day to pray. "]
[9769,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","毘沙門堂","びしゃもんどう","Bishamondo Hall","毘沙門堂には、一般的に荒々しい表情を浮かべていることが多い神を、陰鬱な表情を表した珍しい仏像「深い憂いをたたえた毘沙門天」が安置されています。","The Bishamondo Hall houses the statue of “Melancholic Bishamonten,” a rare portrayal of the typically fierce deity with a somber expression. "]
[9770,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","鎮守八幡神社","ちんじゅはちまんじんじゃ","Chinju Hachiman Shrine","境内の南西隅にある鎮守八幡神社には寺院の守護神である八幡が祀られています。","Chinju Hachiman Shrine in the southwest corner of the grounds is dedicated to Hachiman, the protector of the temple."]
[9771,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","八幡","はちまん","Hachiman","境内の南西隅にある鎮守八幡神社には寺院の守護神である八幡が祀られています。","Chinju Hachiman Shrine in the southwest corner of the grounds is dedicated to Hachiman, the protector of the temple."]
[9772,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","宝積寺","ほうしゃくじ","Hoshakuji Temple","「宝寺」とも呼ばれる宝積寺には、貴重な仏像や仏具が数多く所蔵されています。","Hoshakuji, often called the “treasure temple,” owns many valuable examples of Buddhist statuary and ritual tools. "]
[9773,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","閻魔大王","えんまだいおう","King Enma","最も注目すべきは、地獄の王である閻魔大王と4人の従者の像です。","The most notable are five statues that portray King Enma, the Judge of hell, and his four attendants."]
[9774,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","鬼くすべ","おにくすべ","Oni Kusube ritual","4月に行われる「鬼くすべ」と呼ばれる儀式は、桃の木で作られたの弓とよもぎの矢、檜の葉、そして鏡餅を使って悪魔を追い払うものです。","A ritual called Oni Kusube, held in April, uses peach wood bows, mugwort arrows, cypress leaves, and kagami mochi rice cakes to exorcise demons."]
[9775,"京都府","大原野保勝会","食","鏡餅","かがみもち","kagami mochi","4月に行われる「鬼くすべ」と呼ばれる儀式は、桃の木で作られたの弓とよもぎの矢、檜の葉、そして鏡餅を使って悪魔を追い払うものです。","A ritual called Oni Kusube, held in April, uses peach wood bows, mugwort arrows, cypress leaves, and kagami mochi rice cakes to exorcise demons."]
[9776,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","聖武天皇","しょうむてんのう","Emperor Shomu","聖武天皇（701年～756年）の勅命を受けて、僧である行基（668年～749年）が724年に宝積寺を建立しました。","Following a decree by Emperor Shomu (701–756), the monk Gyoki (668–749) founded Hoshakuji in 724. "]
[9777,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","行基","ぎょうき","Gyoki","聖武天皇（701年～756年）の勅命を受けて、僧である行基（668年～749年）が724年に宝積寺を建立しました。","Following a decree by Emperor Shomu (701–756), the monk Gyoki (668–749) founded Hoshakuji in 724. "]
[9778,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","小槌","こづち","kozuchi hammer","伝説によると、この寺院は聖武天皇が夢の中で竜神から受け取った願いを叶える小槌と打出を祀るために建てられました。","According to legend, the temple was built to enshrine the wish-granting kozuchi hammer and uchide wand that the emperor received from a divine dragon in a dream. "]
[9779,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","打出","うちで","uchide wand","伝説によると、この寺院は聖武天皇が夢の中で竜神から受け取った願いを叶える小槌と打出を祀るために建てられました。","According to legend, the temple was built to enshrine the wish-granting kozuchi hammer and uchide wand that the emperor received from a divine dragon in a dream. "]
[9780,"京都府","大原野保勝会","山岳","天王山","てんのうざん","Mt. Tennozan","歴史上、宝積寺は天王山周辺の戦いに巻き込まれることもありました。","Throughout history, Hoshakuji was occasionally embroiled in fighting that occurred around Mt. Tennozan. "]
[9781,"京都府","大原野保勝会","社会","山崎の戦い","やまざきのたたかい","Battle of Yamazaki","1582年の山崎の戦いでは、屈強な武将、豊臣秀吉（1537年～1598年）が、軍隊の拠点をこの寺院に置きました。","During the Battle of Yamazaki in 1582, the powerful warlord Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1537–1598) used the temple as the base for his troops. "]
[9782,"京都府","大原野保勝会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","禁門","きんもん","Kinmon Gate","1864年、京都御所の禁門で徳川幕府への反乱未遂に終わりました。","In 1864, there was an attempted rebellion against the Tokugawa shogunate at the Kinmon Gate to Kyoto Imperial Palace."]
[9783,"京都府","大原野保勝会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","京都御所","きょうとうごしょ","Kyoto Imperial Palace","1864年、京都御所の禁門で徳川幕府への反乱未遂に終わりました。","In 1864, there was an attempted rebellion against the Tokugawa shogunate at the Kinmon Gate to Kyoto Imperial Palace."]
[9784,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","閻魔堂","えんまどう","Enmado Hall","閻魔堂","Enmado Hall"]
[9785,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","司録","しろく","Shiroku","彼の周りには悪行を書き留め、犯罪を読み上げ、判決を発表し、評決を記録する役目を司る「司録」「司命」「倶生神」そして「闇黒童子」がいます。","Around him are Shiroku, Shimyo, Kushojin, and Ankoku-doji, deities that write down misdeeds, read out crimes, announce judgments, and record verdicts. "]
[9786,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","司命","しみょう","Shimyo","彼の周りには悪行を書き留め、犯罪を読み上げ、判決を発表し、評決を記録する役目を司る「司録」「司命」「倶生神」そして「闇黒童子」がいます。","Around him are Shiroku, Shimyo, Kushojin, and Ankoku-doji, deities that write down misdeeds, read out crimes, announce judgments, and record verdicts. "]
[9787,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","倶生神","くしょうじん","Kushojin","彼の周りには悪行を書き留め、犯罪を読み上げ、判決を発表し、評決を記録する役目を司る「司録」「司命」「倶生神」そして「闇黒童子」がいます。","Around him are Shiroku, Shimyo, Kushojin, and Ankoku-doji, deities that write down misdeeds, read out crimes, announce judgments, and record verdicts. "]
[9788,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","闇黒童子","あんこくどうじ","Ankoku-doji","彼の周りには悪行を書き留め、犯罪を読み上げ、判決を発表し、評決を記録する役目を司る「司録」「司命」「倶生神」そして「闇黒童子」がいます。","Around him are Shiroku, Shimyo, Kushojin, and Ankoku-doji, deities that write down misdeeds, read out crimes, announce judgments, and record verdicts. "]
[9789,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","小槌宮","こづちのみや","Kozuchinomiya Hall ","小槌宮には、七福神の一柱である大黒天の無数の木像や、七福神の姿を彫った宝船、そして開運や心願成就のための神事に用いられる小槌や打出などが納められています。","The Kozuchinomiya Hall contains countless wooden figures of Daikokuten, one of the Seven Gods of Fortune, a takarabune (“treasure ship”) carving that depicts all the seven gods, and a kozuchi hammer and uchide wand used in rituals to bestow good luck and grant wishes."]
[9790,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","宝船","たからぶね","takarabune","小槌宮には、七福神の一柱である大黒天の無数の木像や、七福神の姿を彫った宝船、そして開運や心願成就のための神事に用いられる小槌や打出などが納められています。","The Kozuchinomiya Hall contains countless wooden figures of Daikokuten, one of the Seven Gods of Fortune, a takarabune (“treasure ship”) carving that depicts all the seven gods, and a kozuchi hammer and uchide wand used in rituals to bestow good luck and grant wishes."]
[9791,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","出世石","しゅっせせき","“success stone”","本堂の近くにある「出世石」は、秀吉が座り日本統一という目標を熟考したとされる場所です。","The “success stone” near the Hondo is where Hideyoshi reportedly sat, contemplating his goal to unify Japan. "]
[9792,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","離宮八幡宮","りきゅうはちまんぐう","Rikyu Hachimangu Shrine","9世紀に離宮八幡宮の宮司が種子から油を搾る搾油機を発明し、これが日本の荏胡麻油製造の始まりとなりました。","In the ninth century, a head priest of Rikyu Hachimangu Shrine invented a press for seed oil extraction, which became the origin of perilla seed oil production in Japan."]
[9793,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","荏胡麻油","えごまあぶら","perilla seed oil","9世紀に離宮八幡宮の宮司が種子から油を搾る搾油機を発明し、これが日本の荏胡麻油製造の始まりとなりました。","In the ninth century, a head priest of Rikyu Hachimangu Shrine invented a press for seed oil extraction, which became the origin of perilla seed oil production in Japan.","※他の漢字、読み方もあるが、離宮八幡宮の場合はこちらをご利用ください。"]
[9794,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","行教","ぎょうきょう","Gyokyo","伝説によると、859年に僧の行教が天皇の命により八幡神を九州から京都に遷座し、この神社を創建しました。","According to legend, the monk Gyokyo founded the shrine in 859 when he transferred the deity Hachiman from Kyushu to Kyoto by order of the emperor. "]
[9795,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","石清水","いわしみず","Iwashimizu","八幡を祀る本殿の左側には「石清水」という井戸が今も残っています。","The well, named Iwashimizu, can still be seen to the left of the main sanctuary enshrining Hachiman. "]
[9796,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","石清水八幡宮","いわしみずはちまんぐう","Iwashimizu Hachimangu Shrine","興味深いことに、京都府の男山にある石清水八幡宮にも似たような由緒があります。","Notably, Iwashimizu Hachimangu Shrine on Mt. Otokoyama in Kyoto Prefecture has a similar origin story."]
[9797,"京都府","大原野保勝会","山岳","男山","おとこやま","Mt. Otokoyama","興味深いことに、京都府の男山にある石清水八幡宮にも似たような由緒があります。","Notably, Iwashimizu Hachimangu Shrine on Mt. Otokoyama in Kyoto Prefecture has a similar origin story."]
[9798,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","油断大敵","ゆだんたいてき","yudan taiteki","離宮八幡宮では、瓶詰めの荏胡麻油や、宮司の像と油売りを描いた絵馬、そして「油断大敵」（直訳：「不注意は最大の敵である」）のお守りを販売しています。","Rikyu Hachimangu sells bottled oil, votive tablets depicting the priest’s statue and an oil seller, and omamori amulets that read yudan taiteki (“carelessness is one’s greatest foe”)."]
[9799,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","地蔵院","じぞういん","Jizoin Temple","嵐山の地蔵院の境内にある圧巻の竹林は、「竹の寺」という愛称の由来となっています。","The dense bamboo grove on the grounds of Jizoin Temple is the origin of its nickname, “temple of bamboo.” "]
[9800,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","細川頼之","ほそかわよりゆき","Hosokawa Yoriyuki","地蔵院は、1367年に足利幕府の高官、細川頼之（1329年～1392年）が禅僧の碧潭周皎（へきたんしゅうこう、1291年～1374年）を開祖として招いて建立しました。","Jizoin was built in 1367 by Hosokawa Yoriyuki (1329–1392), a prominent official in the Ashikaga shogunate, who invited the Zen monk Hekitan Shuko (1291–1374) to serve as the founder. "]
[9801,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","碧潭周皎","へきたんしゅうこう","Hekitan Shuko","地蔵院は、1367年に足利幕府の高官、細川頼之（1329年～1392年）が禅僧の碧潭周皎（へきたんしゅうこう、1291年～1374年）を開祖として招いて建立しました。","Jizoin was built in 1367 by Hosokawa Yoriyuki (1329–1392), a prominent official in the Ashikaga shogunate, who invited the Zen monk Hekitan Shuko (1291–1374) to serve as the founder. "]
[9802,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","臨済宗","りんざいしゅう","Rinzai school","地蔵院は臨済宗のお寺です。","The temple belongs to the Rinzai school of Buddhism."]
[9803,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","総門","そうもん","Somon Gate","総門から続く参道には紅葉や、背の高くて茎が太い孟宗という竹の一種が植えられています。","The path from the Somon Gate is lined with maple trees and the tall, thick-stalked moso variety of bamboo. "]
[9804,"京都府","大原野保勝会","植物","孟宗","もうそう","moso bamboo","総門から続く参道には紅葉や、背の高くて茎が太い孟宗という竹の一種が植えられています。","The path from the Somon Gate is lined with maple trees and the tall, thick-stalked moso variety of bamboo. "]
[9805,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","地蔵堂","じぞうどう","Jizodo","本堂は地蔵堂とも呼ばれ、本尊である地蔵（旅人や子供を守るとされています）立像が安置されています。","The Hondo (Main Hall) is also called the Jizodo (Jizo Hall) and enshrines the principal object of worship: a statue of Jizo Bodhisattva, who is often associated with protecting travelers and children."]
[9806,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","地蔵菩薩","じぞうぼさつ","Jizo Bodhisattva","本堂は地蔵堂とも呼ばれ、本尊である地蔵（旅人や子供を守るとされています）立像が安置されています。","The Hondo (Main Hall) is also called the Jizodo (Jizo Hall) and enshrines the principal object of worship: a statue of Jizo Bodhisattva, who is often associated with protecting travelers and children."]
[9807,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","一休","いっきゅう","Ikkyu","本堂の左側には、寺院の創立者の墓と歌僧である一休（1394年～1481年）とその母親の彫像があります。","To the left of the Hondo are graves of the temple founders and a statue of the poet-monk Ikkyu (1394–1481) with his mother. "]
[9808,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","方丈","ほうじょう","Hojo (Abbot’s Quarters)","方丈と庭園","Hojo (Abbot’s Quarters) and Garden"]
[9809,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","細川ガラシャ","ほそかわがらしゃ","Hosokawa Gracia","細川家現当主の襖絵や襖書、16世紀のキリシタン貴族細川ガラシャを描いた屏風、悟りへの歩みを描いた「牛十図」屏風、旧本堂より保管された龍の木彫りなどが展示されています。","This includes sliding screens with paintings and calligraphy by the current head of the Hosokawa family, a folding screen depicting the sixteenth-century Christian noblewoman Hosokawa Gracia, screens with Ten Ox-Herding Pictures illustrating stages of progression towards enlightenment, and a wood carving of a dragon preserved from the previous main hall. "]
[9810,"京都府","大原野保勝会","工芸・美術","牛十図","じゅうぎゅうず","Ten Ox-Herding Pictures","細川家現当主の襖絵や襖書、16世紀のキリシタン貴族細川ガラシャを描いた屏風、悟りへの歩みを描いた「牛十図」屏風、旧本堂より保管された龍の木彫りなどが展示されています。","This includes sliding screens with paintings and calligraphy by the current head of the Hosokawa family, a folding screen depicting the sixteenth-century Christian noblewoman Hosokawa Gracia, screens with Ten Ox-Herding Pictures illustrating stages of progression towards enlightenment, and a wood carving of a dragon preserved from the previous main hall. "]
[9811,"京都府","大原野保勝会","建造物等","猪目","いのめ","inome (“boar’s eye”)","部屋の1つにはハート型の猪目窓があり、方丈の背後にある竹、紅葉、椿を一望できます。","One of the rooms has a heart-shaped inome (“boar’s eye”) window overlooking the bamboo, maples, and camellias behind the Hojo. "]
[9812,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","座禅","ざぜん","zazen","一部の仏教の宗派では、僧侶は気を散らさないように壁に向かって座禅をするか、目を閉じて座禅をすることを求められますが、臨済宗では僧侶が縁側に座って庭に向かって座禅することを認めています。","In some Buddhist traditions, monks practice zazen (seated meditation) facing a wall or with eyes closed to prevent distraction, but the Rinzai school allows monks to sit on the veranda facing the garden when they meditate. "]
[9813,"京都府","大原野保勝会","庭園・公園","十六羅漢の庭","じゅうろくらかんのにわ","Garden of the Sixteen Arhats","方丈の隣にある「十六羅漢の庭」は、枯山水の庭園ですが、地蔵院が荒廃した際に苔が生い茂りました。","The Garden of the Sixteen Arhats next to the Hojo is a dry landscape garden that became overgrown with moss when Jizoin lay in ruin. "]
[9814,"京都府","大原野保勝会","庭園・公園","枯山水","かれさんすい","dry landscape garden","方丈の隣にある「十六羅漢の庭」は、枯山水の庭園ですが、地蔵院が荒廃した際に苔が生い茂りました。","The Garden of the Sixteen Arhats next to the Hojo is a dry landscape garden that became overgrown with moss when Jizoin lay in ruin. "]
[9815,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","羅漢","らかん","arhat","羅漢（arhat、日本語でrakan）とは、悟りを開き、仏陀の教えの真理を理解した聖人のような人物です。","Arhats (rakan in Japanese) are saint-like figures who have achieved enlightenment and understand the truth of the Buddha’s teachings. "]
[9816,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","浄住寺","じょうじゅうじ","Jojuji Temple","浄住寺は自然の景観の美しさで最も知られており、石段の両側に植えられた紅葉の木々が鮮やかな色に変わる秋の季節は、特に人気があります。","Jojuji Temple is best known for its natural scenery and is particularly popular in autumn, when the maple trees lining the stone stairways turn vibrant colors. "]
[9817,"京都府","大原野保勝会","植物","四方竹","しほうちく","square bamboo","境内に生い茂る2種類の希少な竹（四方竹と亀甲竹）が、落ち着いた雰囲気を醸し出しています。","Square and tortoiseshell bamboo, two rare species of bamboo flourishing on the grounds, contribute to the peaceful atmosphere. "]
[9818,"京都府","大原野保勝会","植物","亀甲竹","きっこうちく","tortoiseshell bamboo","境内に生い茂る2種類の希少な竹（四方竹と亀甲竹）が、落ち着いた雰囲気を醸し出しています。","Square and tortoiseshell bamboo, two rare species of bamboo flourishing on the grounds, contribute to the peaceful atmosphere. "]
[9819,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","黄檗宗","おうばくしゅう","Obaku Zen Buddhism","黄檗宗の寺院ならではの建築様式の特徴が見られ、坐禅が重んじられています。","As an Obaku Zen Buddhist temple, it retains characteristics of the Obaku architectural style and emphasizes zazen seated meditation practice."]
[9820,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","円仁（慈覚大師）","えんにん（じかくだいし）","Ennin (Jikaku Daishi)","この寺院は、810年に天台宗の僧円仁（慈覚大師、794年～864年）によって創建されたと伝えられています。","The temple is said to have been founded in 810 by the Tendai Buddhist monk Ennin (Jikaku Daishi, 794–864). "]
[9821,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","葉室家","はむろけ","Hamuro family","浄住寺の援助を引き継いだ公家の葉室家が13世紀半ばに再建し、1689年には黄檗寺として再建されました。","The noble Hamuro family took over patronage of Jojuji, rebuilding it in the mid-thirteenth century and again in 1689 as an Obaku temple. "]
[9822,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","位牌堂","いはいどう","Ihaido (Memorial Tablet Hall)","本堂の後方より位牌堂、開山堂、寿塔が直線的に並んでいる様は、典型的な黄檗建築様式を特徴づけています。","In typical Obaku architectural style, the Hondo, the Ihaido (Memorial Tablet Hall), the Kaisando (Founder’s Hall), and the Juto Pagoda are connected to each other in a straight line."]
[9823,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","寿塔","じゅとう","Juto Pagoda","本堂の後方より位牌堂、開山堂、寿塔が直線的に並んでいる様は、典型的な黄檗建築様式を特徴づけています。","In typical Obaku architectural style, the Hondo, the Ihaido (Memorial Tablet Hall), the Kaisando (Founder’s Hall), and the Juto Pagoda are connected to each other in a straight line."]
[9824,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","狩野永岳","かのえいがく","Kano Eigaku","狩野永岳（1790年～1867年）の雲龍図屏風や、中国の風景を描いた襖などの作品が展示されています。","The artworks on display include the Cloud Dragon screen by Kano Eigaku (1790–1867) and sliding panels depicting Chinese scenery. "]
[9825,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","松尾大社","まつのおたいしゃ","Matsuno’o Taisha Shrine","「松尾さん」と呼ばれる松尾大社は、古くから酒造りや味噌造りに携わる人々が商売繁盛を祈願し、境内にある神聖な井戸から水を汲むために参拝をしてきた神社です。","Matsuno’o Taisha Shrine, often referred to as “Matsuo-san,” is a Shinto shrine that has long been visited by sake and miso producers to pray for prosperous business and to draw water from the sacred well on the grounds. "]
[9826,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","秦氏","はたし","Hata clan","松尾大社は、京都が日本の都になる794年より前の701年に、豪族の秦氏によって創建されたと言われています。","Matsuno’o Taisha is said to have been founded in 701 by members of the influential Hata clan even before Kyoto became the capital of Japan in 794. "]
[9827,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","大山咋神","おおやまぐいのかみ","Oyamagui no Kami","主祭神は山の神である大山咋神と水運の女神である市杵島姫命です。南にある摂社には月の神である月読尊が祀られています。","Its main deities are Oyamagui no Kami, a god of mountains, and Ichikishimahime no Mikoto, a goddess of water travel; Tsukiyomi, a deity of the moon, is worshipped at an auxiliary shrine to the south. "]
[9828,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","市杵島姫命","いちきしまひめのみこと","Ichikishimahime no Mikoto","主祭神は山の神である大山咋神と水運の女神である市杵島姫命です。南にある摂社には月の神である月読尊が祀られています。","Its main deities are Oyamagui no Kami, a god of mountains, and Ichikishimahime no Mikoto, a goddess of water travel; Tsukiyomi, a deity of the moon, is worshipped at an auxiliary shrine to the south. "]
[9829,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","月読","つきよみ","Tsukiyomi","主祭神は山の神である大山咋神と水運の女神である市杵島姫命です。南にある摂社には月の神である月読尊が祀られています。","Its main deities are Oyamagui no Kami, a god of mountains, and Ichikishimahime no Mikoto, a goddess of water travel; Tsukiyomi, a deity of the moon, is worshipped at an auxiliary shrine to the south. "]
[9830,"京都府","大原野保勝会","建造物等","松尾造","まつおづくり","matsuo-zukuri","神社の本殿は、特徴的な「松尾造」の建築様式で建てられており","The shrine’s Honden (Main Sanctuary) is built in the distinctive matsuo-zukuri architectural style. "]
[9831,"京都府","大原野保勝会","建造物等","流造","ながれづくり","nagare-zukuri","一般的な前側の屋根が長く、後ろ側の屋根が短い、非対称の「流造」とは対照的に、建物の前後が同じ長さで反りのついた切妻屋根が特徴です。","It is characterized by a sweeping gabled roof that is equally long at the front and at the back of the structure, as opposed to the more common nagare-zukuri style, in which the roof is asymmetrical, longer in the front and shorter in the rear. "]
[9832,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","亀の井","かめのい","Kame no I (“turtle well”) ","神殿の両側には小さな亀と鯉の像があり、入口付近にある手水舎と神聖な滝の近くにある亀の井の隣にも亀の像が置かれています。","The prayer hall is flanked by small statues of a turtle and a koi, and other turtle sculptures are placed next to the water basin at the entrance and the Kame no I (“turtle well”) near the sacred waterfall. "]
[9833,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","なでかめさん","なでかめさん","“Nadekame-san”","最も人気があるのは「なでかめさん」と呼ばれる岩の上の小さな黒い亀の像で、撫でると幸運が訪れると信じられています。","The most popular is the small black statue of a turtle on a rock, called “Nadekame-san,” which is believed to bring good luck to those who rub it."]
[9834,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","重森三玲","しげもりみれい","Shigemori Mirei","松尾大社には、有名な作庭家である重森三玲（1896年～1975年）が設計した名園が3ヵ所あります。","Matsuno’o Taisha has three distinct gardens designed by the renowned landscape architect Shigemori Mirei (1896–1975). "]
[9835,"京都府","大原野保勝会","庭園・公園","曲水の庭","きょくすいのにわ","Kyokusui Garden","「曲水の庭」には、起伏をつけて石が敷き詰められた庭を蛇行して流れる小川や、飾りの岩と巧みに配置されたサツキの茂みがあります。","The Kyokusui (“winding stream”) Garden has a shallow stream meandering through an undulating, stone-paved “ground” decorated with rocks and artfully arranged satsuki azalea bushes. "]
[9836,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","サツキ","さつき","satsuki azalea","「曲水の庭」には、起伏をつけて石が敷き詰められた庭を蛇行して流れる小川や、飾りの岩と巧みに配置されたサツキの茂みがあります。","The Kyokusui (“winding stream”) Garden has a shallow stream meandering through an undulating, stone-paved “ground” decorated with rocks and artfully arranged satsuki azalea bushes. "]
[9837,"京都府","大原野保勝会","庭園・公園","上古の庭","じょうこのにわ","Joko Garden","さらに小道に沿って進むと、尖った巨岩が連なる原始の山頂に天から降臨する神々を連想させる「上古の庭」があります。","Further along the path is the Joko (“ancient times”) Garden, which evokes the image of deities descending from heaven onto primeval mountaintops suggested by large, jagged rock formations. "]
[9838,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","楼門","ろうもん","Romon Gate","神社の楼門のすぐ外には、鎌倉（1185年～1333年）様式の池泉式庭園として中国の不老の楽園を表す「蓬莱の庭」があり、大きな石で海に浮かぶ島々が表現されています。","Just outside the shrine’s Romon Gate is the Horai (“Mt. Penglai”) Garden representing the Chinese paradise of eternal youth as a Kamakura (1185–1333) style pond garden, where large stones symbolize islands in a sea. "]
[9839,"京都府","大原野保勝会","庭園・公園","蓬莱の庭","ほうらいのにわ","Horai Garden","神社の楼門のすぐ外には、鎌倉（1185年～1333年）様式の池泉式庭園として中国の不老の楽園を表す「蓬莱の庭」があり、大きな石で海に浮かぶ島々が表現されています。","Just outside the shrine’s Romon Gate is the Horai (“Mt. Penglai”) Garden representing the Chinese paradise of eternal youth as a Kamakura (1185–1333) style pond garden, where large stones symbolize islands in a sea. "]
[9840,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","神像館","しんぞうかん","Shinzokan Statuary Hall","庭園3ヵ所を訪れるためのチケットでは、神像館も拝観できます。","The ticket to visit all three gardens includes entry to the Shinzokan Statuary Hall."]
[9841,"京都府","大原野保勝会","建造物等","聴竹居（旧藤井厚ニ自邸）","ちょうちくきょ（きゅうふじいこうじじてい）","Chochikukyo (Former Residence of Fujii Koji)","聴竹居（旧藤井厚ニ自邸）","Chochikukyo (Former Residence of Fujii Koji)"]
[9842,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","藤井厚ニ","ふじいこうじ","Fujii Koji","聴竹居は、家族ための住居として建築家の藤井厚ニ（1888～1938年）によって設計され、近代的かつ西洋的、そして環境に優しいデザインを取り入れることによって、伝統的な日本家屋がどのように改善できるかを示す一例となっています。","Chochikukyo was designed by the architect Fujii Koji (1888–1938) to serve as a family residence and an example of how the traditional Japanese-style house could be improved by incorporating modern, Western, and environmentally friendly design."]
[9843,"京都府","大原野保勝会","建造物等","木造モダニズム","もくぞうもだにずむ","timber modernism","1928年に完成し、木造モダニズムの傑作とみなされています。","It was completed in 1928 and is considered a masterpiece of timber modernism. "]
[9844,"京都府","大原野保勝会","建造物等","閑室","かんしつ","pavilion","聴竹居は、本屋と静かに熟考する部屋としての閑室、そして客人をもてなす茶室の3軒の建物から構成されていました。","Chochikukyo itself consisted of three buildings: the main family residence, a pavilion for private contemplation, and a tea house for entertaining guests."]
[9845,"京都府","大原野保勝会","工芸・美術","和紙","わし","washi","読書室には、藤井と子供たちのための机や棚、そして戸棚があります。壁は伝統的な和紙で覆われています。","The study has desks, shelves, and cabinets for Fujii and his children; the walls are covered with traditional washi paper."]
[9846,"京都府","大原野保勝会","社会","東京帝国大学","とうきょうていこくだいがく","Tokyo Imperial University","彼は1913年に東京帝国大学（現東京大学）の建築学科を卒業し、現在は日本のゼネコン業界において最大手のひとつである竹中工務店に設計者として採用されました。","He graduated from Tokyo Imperial University (present-day University of Tokyo) in 1913 with a degree in architecture and was employed as a designer by Takenaka Corporation, now one of the largest general contracting firms in Japan. "]
[9847,"京都府","大原野保勝会","社会","竹中工務店","たけなかこうむてん","Takenaka Corporation","彼は1913年に東京帝国大学（現東京大学）の建築学科を卒業し、現在は日本のゼネコン業界において最大手のひとつである竹中工務店に設計者として採用されました。","He graduated from Tokyo Imperial University (present-day University of Tokyo) in 1913 with a degree in architecture and was employed as a designer by Takenaka Corporation, now one of the largest general contracting firms in Japan. "]
[9848,"京都府","大原野保勝会","建造物等","旧朝日新聞大阪本社","きゅうあさひしんぶんおおさかほんしゃ","Osaka Head Office of the Asahi Shimbun","藤井が主導したプロジェクトのひとつが、1916年に建てられた旧朝日新聞大阪本社（現存しない）の設計でした。","One of the projects led by Fujii was designing the old Osaka Head Office of the Asahi Shimbun newspaper that was constructed in 1916 (no longer extant)."]
[9849,"京都府","大原野保勝会","社会","京都帝国大学","きょうとていこくだいがく","Kyoto Imperial University ","翌年、京都帝国大学（現京都大学）建築学科の創設者から、建築図面に関する講義の依頼がありました。","The following year, the founder of the Faculty of Architecture at Kyoto Imperial University (now Kyoto University) offered him a position to hold lectures on architectural drawings."]
[9850,"京都府","大原野保勝会","工芸・美術","生け花","いけばな","ikebana","また、生け花や陶芸、そして茶の湯などの日本の伝統芸術についても学びました。","He also studied traditional Japanese arts such as ikebana flower arranging, ceramics, and tea (chanoyu). "]
[9851,"京都府","大原野保勝会","工芸・美術","茶の湯","ちゃのゆ","chanoyu","また、生け花や陶芸、そして茶の湯などの日本の伝統芸術についても学びました。","He also studied traditional Japanese arts such as ikebana flower arranging, ceramics, and tea (chanoyu). "]
[9852,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","二尊院","にそんいん","Nison-in Temple","49歳に癌で亡くなり、自ら設計した墓は嵯峨野の二尊院にあります。","Fujii died of cancer at the age of 49, and his grave, which he designed himself, is located at Nison-in Temple in Sagano.","※二尊院の公式英語表記を利用するためハイフンあり。"]
[9853,"京都府","大原野保勝会","庭園・公園","京都洛西竹林公園","きょうとらくさいちくりんこえん","Kyoto Bamboo Park","京都洛西竹林公園は1981年に、土地開発により減少した市内の竹林を保護する取り組みの一環として設立されました。","In 1981, Kyoto Bamboo Park was established as part of an effort to preserve the city’s bamboo groves that had diminished because of land development. "]
[9854,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","トーマス・アルバ・エジソン","とーます・あるば・えじそん","Thomas Alva Edison","注目の展示品は、米国の発明家トーマス・アルバ・エジソン（1847年～1931年）が京都の竹を使って開発・生産した竹フィラメント電球の復元です。","A noteworthy exhibit is a recreation of the bamboo filament lightbulb that the US inventor Thomas Alva Edison (1847–1931) developed and manufactured using bamboo from Kyoto. "]
[9855,"京都府","大原野保勝会","社会","京銘竹","きょうめいちく","Kyo-meichiku (“Kyoto bamboo”)","京銘竹は京都の伝統産業に指定されています。","Kyo-meichiku (“Kyoto bamboo”) is designated one of the Traditional Industries of Kyoto. "]
[9856,"京都府","大原野保勝会","庭園・公園","生態園","せいたいえん","Ecological Garden","生態園","Ecological Garden"]
[9857,"京都府","大原野保勝会","建造物等","百々橋","どどばし","Dodobashi Bridge","歩道の1つは睡蓮の池にかかる百々橋に繋がっています。","One of the walkways leads to the Dodobashi Bridge, spanning a water-lily pond. "]
[9858,"京都府","大原野保勝会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","二条城","にじょうじょう","Nijo Castle","しかし、1569年に室町幕府最後となる足利将軍、足利義昭（1537年～1597年）のために築城された旧二条城の城壁の建材として使われました。","However, in 1569 they were used as construction material for the walls of the former Nijo Castle, built for the last Ashikaga shogun, Yoshiaki (1537–1597). ","※現在の二条城とは違う城で、現存しない。"]
[9859,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","供養塔","くようとう","memorial pagoda","中には、もともと墓標、供養塔、礎石、灯籠だったものもあります。","Some of them were originally grave markers, memorial pagodas, foundation stones, and lanterns. "]
[9860,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","足利義昭","あしかがよしあき","Ashikaga Yoshiaki","しかし、1569年に室町幕府最後となる足利将軍、足利義昭（1537年～1597年）のために築城された旧二条城の城壁の建材として使われました。","However, in 1569 they were used as construction material for the walls of the former Nijo Castle, built for the last Ashikaga shogun, Yoshiaki (1537–1597). "]
[9861,"京都府","大原野保勝会","庭園・公園","子どもの広場","こどものひろば","Children’s Square","庭園の南東には、竹林に囲まれたレクリエーションエリアである子どもの広場があります。","To the southeast of the garden is Children’s Square, a recreation area surrounded by a bamboo grove."]
[9862,"京都府","大原野保勝会","社会","京たけのこ","きょうたけのこ","Kyo-takenoko","西山のたけのこは非常に高品質で「京たけのこ」と呼ばれ、京都ブランド品に認定されています。","Bamboo shoots from Nishiyama are reliably high in quality and are called Kyo-takenoko (“Kyoto bamboo shoots”), a certified Kyoto brand product."]
[9863,"京都府","大原野保勝会","食","たけのこ","たけのこ","takenoko","大原野と西山一帯はたけのこで有名です。たけのこは春の珍味で、短く、芽生えたばかりの若い竹の新芽です。","Oharano and the entire mountainous Nishiyama area in the west of Kyoto are famous for takenoko: the spring delicacy of short, young bamboo shoots. "]
[9864,"京都府","大原野保勝会","社会","京都ブランド品","きょうとぶらんどひん","Kyoto brand product","西山のたけのこは非常に高品質で「京たけのこ」と呼ばれ、京都ブランド品に認定されています。","Bamboo shoots from Nishiyama are reliably high in quality and are called Kyo-takenoko (“Kyoto bamboo shoots”), a certified Kyoto brand product."]
[9865,"京都府","大原野保勝会","食","精進料理","しょうじんりょうり","shojin ryori","竹の効果的な手入れ方法を学んだ僧侶たちは、寺のベジタリアン料理（精進料理）に使用するために、多くのたけのこを採るようになりました。","Once the monks learned how to effectively tend bamboo groves, they were able to collect plenty of bamboo shoots to use in vegetarian Buddhist cuisine (shojin ryori). "]
[9866,"京都府","大原野保勝会","社会","堀鍬","ほりくわ","horikuwa","春になると、農家の人たちは専用の鍬（ほりくわ）を使い、新しく生えたたけのこを丁寧に掘り出します。","In spring, farmers dig up the takenoko with special hoes (horikuwa) that work as levers to carefully unearth the new bamboo shoots. "]
[9867,"京都府","大原野保勝会","食","白子","しろこ","shiroko","特に白子と呼ばれる、とても色の薄いたけのこは希少です。","Very light-colored bamboo shoots, called shiroko, are especially rare. "]
[9868,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","たけにょん","たけにょん","Takenyon","西京区（大原野市を含む）の公式キャラクターは、笑顔と明るい性格の竹を擬人化した「たけにょん」です。","The official character of Kyoto’s Nishikyo Ward (which includes Oharano) is Takenyon, an anthropomorphic bamboo stalk with a smiling face and cheerful disposition. "]
[9869,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","のこたん","のこたん","Nokotan","たけにょんは、小さなたけのこで妹の「のこたん」を連れていることが多いです。","Takenyon is usually accompanied by a small bamboo shoot, his little sister Nokotan. "]
[9870,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","華厳時（鈴虫寺）","けごんじ（すずむしでら）","Kegonji Temple (Suzumushidera)","お堂で数千匹の鈴虫を透明容器のテラリウムで飼育するという独特の伝統から、華厳寺は、別名「鈴虫寺」と呼ばれています。","The unique tradition of keeping thousands of bell crickets (suzumushi) in terrariums in a temple hall gave Kegonji its other name, Suzumushidera (“bell cricket temple”). "]
[9871,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","鈴虫","すずむし","bell cricket","お堂で数千匹の鈴虫を透明容器のテラリウムで飼育するという独特の伝統から、華厳寺は、別名「鈴虫寺」と呼ばれています。","The unique tradition of keeping thousands of bell crickets (suzumushi) in terrariums in a temple hall gave Kegonji its other name, Suzumushidera (“bell cricket temple”). ","※補足情報があったら、「suzumushi」も可能。"]
[9872,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","台巌","たいがん","Taigan","その飼育は、秋の夜に鈴虫の声を聞きながら悟りを開いた第8代住職の台巌によって、20世紀半ばに始められました。","The practice was started in the mid-twentieth century by the eighth chief abbot Taigan, who achieved enlightenment while listening to crickets on an autumn night. "]
[9873,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","住職","じゅうしょく","chief abbot ","その飼育は、秋の夜に鈴虫の声を聞きながら悟りを開いた第8代住職の台巌によって、20世紀半ばに始められました。","The practice was started in the mid-twentieth century by the eighth chief abbot Taigan, who achieved enlightenment while listening to crickets on an autumn night. "]
[9874,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","鳳潭","ほうたん","Hotan","華厳寺は、日本の華厳宗の再興を使命とした僧侶、鳳潭（1654年～1738年）によって1723年に設立されました。","Kegonji was founded in 1723 by the monk Hotan (1654–1738), who was tasked with reviving the Kegon school of Buddhism in Japan. "]
[9875,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","華厳宗","けごんしゅう","Kegon school","華厳寺は、日本の華厳宗の再興を使命とした僧侶、鳳潭（1654年～1738年）によって1723年に設立されました。","Kegonji was founded in 1723 by the monk Hotan (1654–1738), who was tasked with reviving the Kegon school of Buddhism in Japan. "]
[9876,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","客殿","きゃくでん","Guest Hall","寺院の客殿では、鈴虫の鳴き声とともに僧侶たちが30分間の鈴虫説法を行っています。","In the Guest Hall monks give thirty-minute suzumushi seppo (“bell cricket sermons”) accompanied by the sounds of bell crickets. "]
[9877,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","鈴虫説法","すずむしせっぽう","suzumushi seppo","寺院の客殿では、鈴虫の鳴き声とともに僧侶たちが30分間の鈴虫説法を行っています。","In the Guest Hall monks give thirty-minute suzumushi seppo (“bell cricket sermons”) accompanied by the sounds of bell crickets. "]
[9878,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","幸福地蔵","こうふくじぞう","Kofuku Jizo","山門の隣には幸福地蔵尊がおられますが、一般的に見られる地蔵のように裸足ではなく草鞋を履いています。","Next to the temple gate is a statue of Kofuku Jizo, depicting the bodhisattva in straw sandals instead of the usual bare feet. "]
[9879,"京都府","大原野保勝会","郷土景観","竹の径","たけのみち","Take no Michi Bamboo Road","竹の径","Take no Michi Bamboo Road"]
[9880,"京都府","大原野保勝会","建造物等","古墳垣","こふんがき","kofungaki fence","格子の古墳垣は、背後にある古代の墳墓である寺戸大塚古墳の形状に合わせた、大胆な丸みを帯びたフレームが特徴です。","The latticed kofungaki fence is characterized by bold, rounded edges to match the shape of Terado Otsuka Tumulus, the ancient burial mound (kofun) behind it. "]
[9881,"京都府","大原野保勝会","史跡","寺戸大塚古墳","てらどおおつかこふん","Terado Otsuka Tumulus","格子の古墳垣は、背後にある古代の墳墓である寺戸大塚古墳の形状に合わせた、大胆な丸みを帯びたフレームが特徴です。","The latticed kofungaki fence is characterized by bold, rounded edges to match the shape of Terado Otsuka Tumulus, the ancient burial mound (kofun) behind it. ","※固有名詞の場合、「Tumulus」という表記を利用いたします。"]
[9882,"京都府","大原野保勝会","史跡","古墳","こふん","kofun","格子の古墳垣は、背後にある古代の墳墓である寺戸大塚古墳の形状に合わせた、大胆な丸みを帯びたフレームが特徴です。","The latticed kofungaki fence is characterized by bold, rounded edges to match the shape of Terado Otsuka Tumulus, the ancient burial mound (kofun) behind it. ","※「burial mound」も可能。"]
[9883,"京都府","大原野保勝会","建造物等","かぐや垣","かぐやがき","kaguyagaki fence","きれいに整えられた竹の枝と正確にカットされた太い竹で作られるかぐや垣は、竹取物語（The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter）のかぐや姫が着る重ねて着用する宮廷衣装の衿をイメージしています。","The kaguyagaki fence made with neatly trimmed branches and thick, precisely cut bamboo stalks is meant to resemble the collar of the layered court attire worn by Princess Kaguya from Taketori monogatari (The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter). "]
[9884,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","かぐや姫","かぐやひめ","Princess Kaguya","きれいに整えられた竹の枝と正確にカットされた太い竹で作られるかぐや垣は、竹取物語（The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter）のかぐや姫が着る重ねて着用する宮廷衣装の衿をイメージしています。","The kaguyagaki fence made with neatly trimmed branches and thick, precisely cut bamboo stalks is meant to resemble the collar of the layered court attire worn by Princess Kaguya from Taketori monogatari (The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter). "]
[9885,"京都府","大原野保勝会","書物","竹取物語","たけとりものがたり","Taketori monogatari (The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter)","きれいに整えられた竹の枝と正確にカットされた太い竹で作られるかぐや垣は、竹取物語（The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter）のかぐや姫が着る重ねて着用する宮廷衣装の衿をイメージしています。","The kaguyagaki fence made with neatly trimmed branches and thick, precisely cut bamboo stalks is meant to resemble the collar of the layered court attire worn by Princess Kaguya from Taketori monogatari (The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter). "]
[9886,"京都府","大原野保勝会","建造物等","物集女垣","もずめがき","mozumegaki fence","横と縦で竹がしっかりと組み合わされた物集女垣は、北東に城跡が残る物集女城の城壁からインスピレーションを得たものです。","The mozumegaki fence with tightly fitted horizontal and vertical bars of bamboo was inspired by the walls of Mozume Castle, the site of which can be found to the northeast. "]
[9887,"京都府","大原野保勝会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","物集女城","もずめじょう","Mozume Castle","横と縦で竹がしっかりと組み合わされた物集女垣は、北東に城跡が残る物集女城の城壁からインスピレーションを得たものです。","The mozumegaki fence with tightly fitted horizontal and vertical bars of bamboo was inspired by the walls of Mozume Castle, the site of which can be found to the northeast. "]
[9888,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","八幡宮社","はちまんぐうしゃ","Hachimangu Shrine","大原野石作地区にある静かな八幡宮社は、一般的に長峰八幡宮と呼ばれています。","The quiet Hachimangu Shrine in the Oharano Ishizukuri neighborhood is commonly referred to as Nagamine Hachimangu. "]
[9889,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","長峰八幡宮","ながみねはちまんぐう","Nagamine Hachimangu","大原野石作地区にある静かな八幡宮社は、一般的に長峰八幡宮と呼ばれています。","The quiet Hachimangu Shrine in the Oharano Ishizukuri neighborhood is commonly referred to as Nagamine Hachimangu. "]
[9890,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","応神天皇","おうじんてんのう","Emperor Ojin","祭神は国の守護神として崇められる八幡（第15代天皇である応神天皇）と皇室の祖神とされる天照大神です。","The enshrined deities are Hachiman (deified Emperor Ojin, the 15th emperor of Japan), who is worshipped as a guardian of the country, and Amaterasu Omikami, the sun goddess considered the ancestral deity of the imperial family."]
[9891,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","天照大神","あまてらすおおみかみ","Amaterasu Omikami","祭神は国の守護神として崇められる八幡（第15代天皇である応神天皇）と皇室の祖神とされる天照大神です。","The enshrined deities are Hachiman (deified Emperor Ojin, the 15th emperor of Japan), who is worshipped as a guardian of the country, and Amaterasu Omikami, the sun goddess considered the ancestral deity of the imperial family."]
[9892,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","石作神社","いしつくりじんじゃ","Ishitsukuri Jinja Shrine","長峰八幡宮の創建年は不明ですが、10世紀の風俗や格式が説明されており、当時存在していた2861の神社が記載されている「延喜式」に書かれている石作神社の位置に建っているのではないかと推測されています。","The shrine’s founding date is unknown, but it is theorized that it may have been the location of Ishitsukuri Jinja, a shrine mentioned in the tenth-century Engishiki, a compilation of customs and official procedures that includes a list of all 2,861 shrines in existence at that time."]
[9893,"京都府","大原野保勝会","書物","延喜式","えんぎしき","Engishiki","長峰八幡宮の創建年は不明ですが、10世紀の風俗や格式が説明されており、当時存在していた2861の神社が記載されている「延喜式」に書かれている石作神社の位置に建っているのではないかと推測されています。","The shrine’s founding date is unknown, but it is theorized that it may have been the location of Ishitsukuri Jinja, a shrine mentioned in the tenth-century Engishiki, a compilation of customs and official procedures that includes a list of all 2,861 shrines in existence at that time."]
[9894,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","石作氏","いしつくりし","Ishitsukuri clan","石作神は貴族の石棺を彫った石作氏の祖神です。","Ishitsukuri no Okami is the ancestral deity of the Ishitsukuri clan, who were in charge of carving stone coffins for the nobility. "]
[9895,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","日葉酢媛命","ひばすめひめのみこと","Hibasuhime no Mikoto","彼らは、日本の第11代天皇である垂仁天皇（紀元前69年～西暦70年）の后である日葉酢媛命の棺を作り、その功績により高い位である「大連」を授与されたと言われています。","It is said that they made the coffin for Hibasuhime no Mikoto, the wife of Emperor Suinin, the 11th emperor of Japan, and were rewarded with the high rank of omuraji for their service."]
[9896,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","大連","おおむらじ","omuraji","彼らは、日本の第11代天皇である垂仁天皇（紀元前69年～西暦70年）の后である日葉酢媛命の棺を作り、その功績により高い位である「大連」を授与されたと言われています。","It is said that they made the coffin for Hibasuhime no Mikoto, the wife of Emperor Suinin, the 11th emperor of Japan, and were rewarded with the high rank of omuraji for their service."]
[9897,"京都府","大原野保勝会","植物","鹿子の木","かごのき","kagonoki","境内には珍しい鹿子の木3本と高さ30メートルで樹齢900年とされる楠の御神木が生えています。","Three rare kagonoki (Litsea coreana) trees and a sacred 30-meter camphor tree believed to be 900 years old grow on the shrine grounds."]
[9898,"京都府","大原野保勝会","植物","楠","くすのき","camphor tree","境内には珍しい鹿子の木3本と高さ30メートルで樹齢900年とされる楠の御神木が生えています。","Three rare kagonoki (Litsea coreana) trees and a sacred 30-meter camphor tree believed to be 900 years old grow on the shrine grounds."]
[9899,"京都府","大原野保勝会","郷土景観","フジバカマの花畑","ふじばかまのはなばたけ","Fujibakama Flower Field","フジバカマの花畑","Fujibakama Flower Field"]
[9900,"京都府","大原野保勝会","植物","フジバカマ","ふじばかま","fujibakama","初秋に咲く最も香りのよい花の咲くハーブの1つは、フジバカマ（Eupatorium japonicum）で、別名「サロワート」または「フレグラント・イウパトリアム」としても知られています。","One of the most aromatic flowering herbs that bloom in autumn is fujibakama (Eupatorium japonicum), also known as thoroughwort or fragrant eupatorium. "]
[9901,"京都府","大原野保勝会","植物","秋の七草","あきのななくさ","seven flowers representing autumn","秋を代表する七草の一つとされ、日本の美術や詩などにも多く描かれています。","It is regarded as one of the seven flowers representing autumn and is often depicted in Japanese art and poetry. "]
[9902,"京都府","大原野保勝会","植物","萩","はぎ","bush clover","その区画にはフジバカマに加えて、萩、オミナエシ、檜扇、ナデシコ、川緑、水葵、およびキキョウが植えられています。","In addition to thoroughwort, the field is planted with bush clover (hagi), yellow patrinia (ominaeshi), blackberry lily, pink dianthus (nadeshiko), Korean mint, oval-leafed pondweed, and bellflower (kikyo)."]
[9903,"京都府","大原野保勝会","植物","オミナエシ","おみなえし","yellow patrinia","その区画にはフジバカマに加えて、萩、オミナエシ、檜扇、ナデシコ、川緑、水葵、およびキキョウが植えられています。","In addition to thoroughwort, the field is planted with bush clover (hagi), yellow patrinia (ominaeshi), blackberry lily, pink dianthus (nadeshiko), Korean mint, oval-leafed pondweed, and bellflower (kikyo)."]
[9904,"京都府","大原野保勝会","植物","檜扇","ひおうぎ","blackberry lily","その区画にはフジバカマに加えて、萩、オミナエシ、檜扇、ナデシコ、川緑、水葵、およびキキョウが植えられています。","In addition to thoroughwort, the field is planted with bush clover (hagi), yellow patrinia (ominaeshi), blackberry lily, pink dianthus (nadeshiko), Korean mint, oval-leafed pondweed, and bellflower (kikyo)."]
[9905,"京都府","大原野保勝会","植物","ナデシコ","なでしこ","pink dianthus","その区画にはフジバカマに加えて、萩、オミナエシ、檜扇、ナデシコ、川緑、水葵、およびキキョウが植えられています。","In addition to thoroughwort, the field is planted with bush clover (hagi), yellow patrinia (ominaeshi), blackberry lily, pink dianthus (nadeshiko), Korean mint, oval-leafed pondweed, and bellflower (kikyo)."]
[9906,"京都府","大原野保勝会","植物","川緑","かわみどり","Korean mint","その区画にはフジバカマに加えて、萩、オミナエシ、檜扇、ナデシコ、川緑、水葵、およびキキョウが植えられています。","In addition to thoroughwort, the field is planted with bush clover (hagi), yellow patrinia (ominaeshi), blackberry lily, pink dianthus (nadeshiko), Korean mint, oval-leafed pondweed, and bellflower (kikyo)."]
[9907,"京都府","大原野保勝会","植物","水葵","みずあおい","oval-leafed pondweed","その区画にはフジバカマに加えて、萩、オミナエシ、檜扇、ナデシコ、川緑、水葵、およびキキョウが植えられています。","In addition to thoroughwort, the field is planted with bush clover (hagi), yellow patrinia (ominaeshi), blackberry lily, pink dianthus (nadeshiko), Korean mint, oval-leafed pondweed, and bellflower (kikyo)."]
[9908,"京都府","大原野保勝会","植物","キキョウ","ききょう","bellflower","その区画にはフジバカマに加えて、萩、オミナエシ、檜扇、ナデシコ、川緑、水葵、およびキキョウが植えられています。","In addition to thoroughwort, the field is planted with bush clover (hagi), yellow patrinia (ominaeshi), blackberry lily, pink dianthus (nadeshiko), Korean mint, oval-leafed pondweed, and bellflower (kikyo)."]
[9909,"京都府","大原野保勝会","動物","アサギマダラ","あさぎまだら","chestnut tiger butterfly","フジバカマが咲くと、花にはさまざまな昆虫が集まります。日本に生息する唯一の渡り蝶であるアサギマダラ（Parantica sita）は、特にフジバカマの花の蜜を好みます。","When thoroughwort is in bloom, the flowers attract a large variety of insects. The chestnut tiger butterfly (Parantica sita), the only migratory butterfly found in Japan, is particularly fond of thoroughwort nectar. "]
[9910,"京都府","大原野保勝会","年中行事","フジバカマ祭り","ふじばかままつり","Fujibakama Festival","秋分の日（9月22日または23日）に近い週末、大原野ではフジバカマ祭りが開催されます。この祭りでは、フジバカマの香り袋、よもぎ団子、その他の地元の特産品などを販売する小さな屋台が並びます。","On the weekend closest to Autumnal Equinox Day (September 22nd or 23rd), Oharano hosts the Fujibakama Festival, which features small stalls selling scented thoroughwort sachets, yomogi mugwort dumplings, and other local produce."]
[9911,"京都府","大原野保勝会","郷土景観","大原野ひまわり畑","おおはらのひまわりばたけ","Oharano Sunflower Field","9月中旬頃、カナリーイエローや燃えるようなオレンジや濃い赤の数千本のひまわりが、大原野ひまわり畑を埋め尽くします。","Thousands of canary yellow, fiery orange, and dark red sunflowers fill the Oharano Sunflower Field around mid-September. "]
[9912,"京都府","大原野保勝会","庭園・公園","勝竜寺城公園","しょうりゅうじじょうこうえん","Shoryuji Castle Park","長岡京市の勝竜寺城公園は、16世紀の日本の歴史上の人物や重要な出来事に関連する城の跡に建てられています。","The Shoryuji Castle Park in Nagaokakyo is built on the site of a castle that was linked to several historical figures and important events in sixteenth-century Japan. "]
[9913,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","細川忠興","ほそかわただおき","Hosokawa Tadaoki","勝龍寺城は、大名の細川忠興（1563年～1646年）と細川ガラシャ（1563年～1600年）の結婚時の住まいでした。","Shoryuji Castle was the newlywed home of the warlord Hosokawa Tadaoki (1563–1646) and Hosokawa Gracia (1563–1600). "]
[9914,"京都府","大原野保勝会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","勝龍寺城","しょうりゅうじじょう","Shoryuji Castle","勝龍寺城は、大名の細川忠興（1563年～1646年）と細川ガラシャ（1563年～1600年）の結婚時の住まいでした。","Shoryuji Castle was the newlywed home of the warlord Hosokawa Tadaoki (1563–1646) and Hosokawa Gracia (1563–1600). "]
[9915,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","三好家","みよしけ","Miyoshi family","この城は三好家の家臣によって占領され、1568年に武将である織田信長（1534年～1582年）によって征服後、家臣の細川藤孝（1534年～1610年）に与えられました。","The castle was occupied by forces loyal to the Miyoshi family, and in 1568, it was conquered by the warlord Oda Nobunaga (1534–1582) and given to his retainer Hosokawa Fujitaka (1534–1610). "]
[9916,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","細川藤孝","ほそかわふじたか","Hosokawa Fujitaka","この城は三好家の家臣によって占領され、1568年に武将である織田信長（1534年～1582年）によって征服後、家臣の細川藤孝（1534年～1610年）に与えられました。","The castle was occupied by forces loyal to the Miyoshi family, and in 1568, it was conquered by the warlord Oda Nobunaga (1534–1582) and given to his retainer Hosokawa Fujitaka (1534–1610). "]
[9917,"京都府","大原野保勝会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","安土城","あづちじょう","Azuchi Castle","1571年、勝龍寺城は石垣や瓦、天守閣の建築デザインなど、当時の最先端の建築技術を用いて大幅に改修され、それらは後に信長が自らの壮大な安土城に活用しました。","In 1571, Shoryuji Castle was substantially upgraded using the most advanced architectural techniques of the time, including stone wall fortifications, clay tiling, and a main keep after which Nobunaga later designed his own grand Azuchi Castle."]
[9918,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","玉","たま","Tama","1578年、細川藤孝の長男忠興は、同じく織田信長の家臣である明智光秀（1528年～1582年）の娘玉と結婚しました。","In 1578, Hosokawa Fujitaka’s eldest son, Tadaoki, married Tama, the daughter of Akechi Mitsuhide (1528–1582), another retainer of Oda Nobunaga. "]
[9919,"京都府","大原野保勝会","人物・人名・役職名","明智光秀","あけちみつひで","Akechi Mitsuhide","1578年、細川藤孝の長男忠興は、同じく織田信長の家臣である明智光秀（1528年～1582年）の娘玉と結婚しました。","In 1578, Hosokawa Fujitaka’s eldest son, Tadaoki, married Tama, the daughter of Akechi Mitsuhide (1528–1582), another retainer of Oda Nobunaga. "]
[9920,"京都府","大原野保勝会","神社・寺院・神仏等","本能寺","ほんのうじ","Honnoji Temple","しかし、光秀が信長を裏切り1582年に本能寺の変を起こした結果、信長が亡くなり、玉は裏切り者の娘となりました。","However, in 1582, Akechi Mitsuhide betrayed Nobunaga and attacked him at Honnoji Temple, which resulted in Nobunaga’s death and made Tama the daughter of a traitor. "]
[9921,"京都府","大原野保勝会","年中行事","長岡京ガラシャ祭","ながおかがらしゃまつり","Nagaokakyo Gracia Festival","11月の第2日曜日開催のにぎやかな長岡京ガラシャ祭では、勝竜寺城公園への輿入れの行列が再現されます。","The lively Nagaokakyo Gracia Festival, held on the second Sunday of November, includes a recreation of her wedding procession to the Shoryuji Castle Park."]
[9922,"京都府","大原野保勝会","史跡","恵解山古墳","いげのやまこふん","Igenoyama Tumulus","恵解山古墳は、5世紀前半に築造された墳墓（古墳）です。","Igenoyama Tumulus is a burial mound (kofun) built in the first half of the fifth century. "]
[9923,"京都府","大原野保勝会","史跡","前方後円墳","ぜんぽうこうえんふん","keyhole-shaped kofun","恵解山古墳は京都府の乙訓地域最大の前方後円墳であり、有力者の墓所であると考えられています。","Igenoyama Tumulus is the largest keyhole-shaped kofun in the Otokuni region of Kyoto Prefecture and is therefore believed to be the burial place of an influential ruler. "]
[9924,"京都府","大原野保勝会","史跡","乙訓地域","おとくにちいき","Otokuni region","恵解山古墳は京都府の乙訓地域最大の前方後円墳であり、有力者の墓所であると考えられています。","Igenoyama Tumulus is the largest keyhole-shaped kofun in the Otokuni region of Kyoto Prefecture and is therefore believed to be the burial place of an influential ruler. "]
[9925,"京都府","大原野保勝会","史跡","埴輪","はにわ","haniwa","古墳はかつて堀で囲まれ、石で覆われ、埴輪と呼ばれる儀式用の土製品が並べられていました。","The kofun was once surrounded by a moat, covered with stones, and lined with ceremonial clay objects called haniwa. "]
[9926,"京都府","大原野保勝会","史跡","石室","せきしつ","stone burial chamber","後円部には石室が存在すると考えられていますが、頂上には墓地があるため、この部分は全面的には発掘されていません。","A stone burial chamber is believed to exist in the circular part of the kofun. ","※文脈によって、「burial chamber」も可能。"]
[9927,"兵庫県","高砂市観光施設多言語案内制作協議会（予定）","神社・寺院・神仏等","大己貴命","おおなむちのみこと","Onamuchi no Mikoto","高砂神社は、高砂の神である大己貴命（おおなむちのみこと）を祀っています。","Takasago Jinja Shrine is dedicated to Onamuchi no Mikoto, the deity of Takasago."]
[9928,"兵庫県","高砂市観光施設多言語案内制作協議会（予定）","神社・寺院・神仏等","相生の松","あいおいのまつ","Aioi no Matsu","「相生の松」として知られるこの由緒正しい松は、同じ根から生えた2本の松から成ります。","This venerable pine tree, known as “Aioi no Matsu” (twin pines), consists of two pines growing out of the same roots."]
[9929,"兵庫県","高砂市観光施設多言語案内制作協議会（予定）","神社・寺院・神仏等","尉と姥","じょうとうば","Jo and Uba"," 一対の松の木の精霊である尉と姥という老夫婦は、劇中で夫婦の幸福と長寿を象徴しており、","The spirits of the paired pines, an elderly couple named Jo and Uba, who represent marital happiness and longevity in the play, "]
[9930,"兵庫県","高砂市観光施設多言語案内制作協議会（予定）","河川・渓谷","加古川","かこがわ","Kakogawa River","加古川を通じた塩や米などの物資の集散地としての役割が貢献しました。","its role as a distribution center for commodities such as salt and rice that were transported via the Kakogawa River. "]
[9931,"兵庫県","高砂市観光施設多言語案内制作協議会（予定）","工芸・美術","松右衛門帆","まつえもんほ","Matsuemon canvas","来訪者は松右衛門帆布を使った小物入れを作ることができます。","Visitors can make a business-card case using Matsuemon canvas."]
[9932,"兵庫県","高砂市観光施設多言語案内制作協議会（予定）","工芸・美術","手びねり","てびねり","tebineri","高砂では、ろくろを使わずに手びねりで陶器を成形する伝統が今も栄えています。","The tradition of forming pottery by hand (tebineri), rather than using a potter’s wheel, continues to flourish in Takasago."]
[9933,"兵庫県","高砂市観光施設多言語案内制作協議会（予定）","建造物等","常夜灯","じょうやとう","night-light","この 2 時間のワークショップでは、薄い木製パネルからミニチュアの伝統的な常夜灯ホルダーを作ることができます。","This two-hour workshop gives attendees a chance to make a miniature traditional night-light holder from thin wood panels."]
[9934,"兵庫県","高砂市観光施設多言語案内制作協議会（予定）","建造物等","旧高砂消防会館","きゅうたかさごしょうぼうかいかん","former Takasago City Fire Department Building","旧高砂消防会館など昭和初期 (1926–1989)のものもあります。","Others were built in the early Showa era (1926–1989), such as the former Takasago City Fire Department Building. "]
[9935,"兵庫県","高砂市観光施設多言語案内制作協議会（予定）","食","にくてん","にくてん","nikuten","にくてんは、もともとは地元のレストランで客に頼まれて作ったのが始まりとされています。","Nikuten is believed to have originally been made at the request of a customer at a local restaurant."]
[9936,"兵庫県","高砂市観光施設多言語案内制作協議会（予定）","建造物等","工楽松右衛門旧宅","くらくまつえもんきゅうたく","Former residence of Kuraku Matsuemon","工楽松右衛門旧宅","Former Residence of Kuraku Matsuemon"]
[9937,"兵庫県","高砂市観光施設多言語案内制作協議会（予定）","時代・歴史組織・団体","松前藩","まつまえはん","Matsumae domain","蝦夷の松前藩（現在の北海道）などに、米、材木、木綿、海産物などを出荷しました。","He shipped commodities such as rice, lumber, cotton, and seafood on a route that included Matsumae domain in Ezo."]
[9938,"兵庫県","高砂市観光施設多言語案内制作協議会（予定）","書物","農具便利論","のうぐべんりろん","Nogu benri ron (Convenient Farm Tools)","農学者・大蔵永常（1768-1856）は、1822年に出版した『農具便利論』という農具に関する著書の中で、当時の日本のあらゆる海船や川舟に松右衛門帆布が使われていたと記しています。","Agronomist Okura Nagatsune (1768–1856) noted in his 1822 book, Nogu benri ron (Convenient Farm Tools), that the canvas was used on every boat and ship in Japan at the time."]
[9939,"兵庫県","高砂市観光施設多言語案内制作協議会（予定）","テーマ施設等","結びん","むすびん","Musubin","結びんは、主に高砂市の観光案内所ですが、高砂市の歴史に関する興味深い展示物もあります。","Musubin is primarily Takasago’s tourist information center, but it also houses interesting exhibits related to the city’s history."]
[9940,"兵庫県","高砂市観光施設多言語案内制作協議会（予定）","建造物等","百間蔵","ひゃっけんぐら","Hyakkengura Warehouses","百間蔵","Hyakkengura Warehouses"]
[9941,"兵庫県","高砂市観光施設多言語案内制作協議会（予定）","工芸・美術","織部灯籠","おりべとうろう","Oribe lanterns","大名で茶人でもあった古田織部（1544〜1615）が考案した織部灯籠。","Oribe lanterns were designed by Furuta Oribe (1544–1615), a daimyo and tea master. "]
[9942,"兵庫県","高砂市観光施設多言語案内制作協議会（予定）","建造物等","向島防波堤","むこうじまぼうはてい","Mukojima Breakwater","向島防波堤など港町としての高砂の発展に大きく貢献しました。"," and to the development of Takasago as a port city, including the Mukojima Breakwater."]
[9943,"兵庫県","高砂市観光施設多言語案内制作協議会（予定）","建造物等","申義堂","しんぎどう","Shingido","生徒たちが申義堂に入学したときの年齢は不明ですが、おそらく10代前半か半ばだったと思われます。","It is not known how old students were when they enrolled in Shingido, but they were likely in their early or mid-teens."]
[9944,"兵庫県","高砂市観光施設多言語案内制作協議会（予定）","建造物等","魚町倶楽部","うおまちくらぶ","Uomachi Club","魚町倶楽部","Uomachi Club"]
[9945,"兵庫県","高砂市観光施設多言語案内制作協議会（予定）","建造物等","出汐館","いでしおかん","Ideshio-kan","出汐館","Ideshio-kan"]
[9946,"兵庫県","高砂市観光施設多言語案内制作協議会（予定）","テーマ施設等","梅ヶ枝湯","うめがえゆ","Umegae-yu","当時市内には7軒もの銭湯がありましたが、現在も営業しているのは梅ヶ枝湯のみです。","\n In the past, the city had as many as seven public bathhouses, but the only one still in operation is Umegae-yu."]
[9947,"兵庫県","高砂市観光施設多言語案内制作協議会（予定）","神社・寺院・神仏等","十輪寺","じゅうりんじ","Jurinji Temple","十輪寺の正門にある仁王門は、江戸時代(1603年～1867年)の様式で建てられています。","The Niomon (gate of the guardian kings) at the main entrance to Junrinji Temple is built in the style of the Edo period (1603–1867)."]
[9948,"兵庫県","高砂市観光施設多言語案内制作協議会（予定）","岩石・洞窟","竜山石","たつやまいし","Tatsuyama stone","竜山石は約9,000年前に形成されました。","Tatsuyama stone was formed about 9,000 years ago."]
[9949,"兵庫県","高砂市観光施設多言語案内制作協議会（予定）","神社・寺院・神仏等","生石神社","おうしこじんじゃ","Oushiko Jinja Shrine","この巨石碑は生石神社のご神体として祀られています。","This megalithic monument is enshrined as the main object of worship (shintai) at Oushiko Jinja Shrine."]
[9950,"兵庫県","高砂市観光施設多言語案内制作協議会（予定）","神社・寺院・神仏等","石の宝殿","いしのほうでん","Ishi no Hoden","2017年、石の宝殿とその近くにある古墳時代 (約 250 ～ 552 年) の竜山石採石場が合わせて国の史跡に指定されました。","In 2017, Ishi no Hoden and the nearby Tatsuyama Stone Quarries, which date from the Kofun period (ca. 250–552), were together designated a National Historic Site."]
[9951,"兵庫県","高砂市観光施設多言語案内制作協議会（予定）","史跡","竜山採石場","たつやまさいせきじょう","Tatsuyama quarries","竜山石は、その特徴と、竜山採石場が加古川を経て瀬戸内海に近いことから、古くからこの地域各地で利用されてきました。","Tatsuyama stone has been used throughout the region since ancient times, due to its physical characteristics and the proximity of the Tatsuyama quarries to the Seto Inland Sea via the Kakogawa River."]
[9952,"兵庫県","高砂市観光施設多言語案内制作協議会（予定）","神社・寺院・神仏等","天満宮","てんまんぐう","Tenmangu Shrine","高砂市曽根地区は、天満宮と塩づくりの長い歴史で知られています。","The Sone district of Takasago is known for Tenmangu Shrine and its long history of salt harvesting."]
[9953,"兵庫県","高砂市観光施設多言語案内制作協議会（予定）","庭園・公園","枯山水","かれさんすい","karesansui","邸宅の庭園は枯山水の石庭として設計されました。","The residence’s garden was designed as a karesansui dry landscape garden."]
[9954,"兵庫県","高砂市観光施設多言語案内制作協議会（予定）","庭園・公園","曽根の松","そねのまつ","Sone no Matsu","1798 年に枯れたと考えられている有名な松の木「曽根の松」は、池や庭園とともに観光客を魅了するために保存されています。","The famous pine tree called Sone no Matsu, which is thought to have died in 1798, has been preserved to attract visitors, along with the pond and garden. "]
[9955,"兵庫県","高砂市観光施設多言語案内制作協議会（予定）","山岳","日笠山","ひかさやま","Mt. Hiakasa","日笠山（標高 62.1ｍ）の山頂からは、淡路島や家島、姫路沖や高砂沖の海岸地域を一望できます。","The summit of Mt. Hikasa (62.1 meters) affords panoramas of Awaji Island, Iejima, and the coastal region off Himeji and Takasago."]
[9956,"兵庫県","高砂市観光施設多言語案内制作協議会（予定）","神社・寺院・神仏等","鹿島神社","かしまじんじゃ","Kashima Jinja Shrine","鹿島神社は鹿島扇平自然公園近くにあり、3月下旬から4月上旬にかけて2,000本以上の桜が咲きます。","Kashima Jinja Shrine is located near Kashima Ogidaira Natural Park, where more than 2,000 cherry trees bloom from late March to early April."]
[9957,"兵庫県","高砂市観光施設多言語案内制作協議会（予定）","庭園・公園","市ノ池公園","いちのいけこうえん","Ichi-no-ike Park","市ノ池公園","Ichi-no-ike Park"]
[9958,"兵庫県","高砂市観光施設多言語案内制作協議会（予定）","動物","ヒメマス","ひめます","Himemasu salmon","私たちヒメマスは、世界のさまざまな地域で「コカニーサーモン」と呼ばれる陸封型のサケの一種です。","We himemasu salmon are a species of landlocked salmon called kokanee salmon in some parts of the world.","「Kokanee salmon」はカナダ呼称である可能性があり（環境省十和田八幡平国立公園管理事務所より）アメリカ英語のスタンダードな表現を調査し「Himemasu salmon」としましたが、地域によっては「Kokanee salmon」と表現している場合もあります。"]
[9959,"兵庫県","高砂市観光施設多言語案内制作協議会（予定）","神社・寺院・神仏等","経政神社","つねまさじんじゃ","Tsunemasa Shrine","いくさに敗れてこの地に逃れ、この神社に祀られたと伝わっています。","It is believed that he fled to the area after being defeated in battle and is enshrined at Tsunemasa Shrine."]
[9960,"兵庫県","高砂市観光施設多言語案内制作協議会（予定）","書物","五輪書","ごりんのしょ","Go Rin no Sho","武蔵は晩年、戦略と武道の書である『五輪書』を著しました。","In his later life, Musashi wrote Go Rin no Sho (The Book of Five Rings), a text on strategy and martial arts."]
[9961,"兵庫県","高砂市観光施設多言語案内制作協議会（予定）","集落・街","播磨国","はりまのくに","Harima no Kuni","現在の兵庫県の一部である播磨は、古くは播磨国（はりまのくに）、播州（ばんしゅう）と呼ばれていました。","Harima, part of present-day Hyogo Prefecture, was once called Harima no Kuni (Harima country) or Banshu (planting state)."]
[9962,"兵庫県","高砂市観光施設多言語案内制作協議会（予定）","芸能・興行・イベント","屋台","やたい","yatai","祭りの2日目には、各町内の屋台が様々なイベントに参加し、協調と競争の精神で競い合います。","On the second day of the festival, yatai from each town take part in various events in the spirit of collaboration and competition."]
[9963,"兵庫県","高砂市観光施設多言語案内制作協議会（予定）","芸能・興行・イベント","仁輪加太鼓","にわかだいこ","Niwaka drum","最大の見どころは、江戸時代から続く、踊りを中心とした仁輪加太鼓の公演です。","The biggest annual attraction is the Niwaka drum (taiko) performance, which focuses on dancing and has been held since the Edo period (1603–1867)."]
[9964,"兵庫県","高砂市観光施設多言語案内制作協議会（予定）","芸能・興行・イベント","布団屋台","ふとんやたい","futon yatai","曽根天満宮は、屋台の屋根に布団を敷いた独特の布団屋台の草分け的存在です。","Sone is regarded as the pioneer of its characteristic futon yatai, which feature a futon mattress on the roof of each float. "]
[9965,"兵庫県","高砂市観光施設多言語案内制作協議会（予定）","神社・寺院・神仏等","少彦名","すくなひこな","Sukunahikona","高砂の神である大穴牟遅命を祀る赤い神輿を若者が、少彦名命を祀る黄色い神輿を年配者が担ぎます。","Young people carry the red one, in which Onamuchi no Mikoto, the deity of Takasago, is enshrined, while older people carry the yellow one, which carries the deity Sukunahikona. "]
[9966,"兵庫県","高砂市観光施設多言語案内制作協議会（予定）","芸能・興行・イベント","たかさご万灯祭","たかさごまんとうさい","Takasago Manto Festival","たかさご万灯祭","Takasago Manto Festival"]
[9967,"兵庫県","高砂市観光施設多言語案内制作協議会（予定）","庭園・公園","高砂海浜公園","たかさごかいひんこうえん","Takasago Seaside Park","高砂の風物詩といえば、高砂海浜公園で開催される「ナイトファンタジーイリュージョン」です。","One tradition in Takasago is the hosting of the “Night Fantasy Illusion” at Takasago Seaside Park."]
[9968,"兵庫県","高砂市観光施設多言語案内制作協議会（予定）","郷土景観","白砂青松100選","はくしゃせいしょうひゃくせん","top 100 stretches of sandy beaches and pine trees.","白砂の浜辺には松並木が続き、「白砂青松100選」にも選ばれています。","The white-sand beach is lined with pine trees, a setting that has been named one of Japan’s top 100 stretches of sandy beaches and pine trees."]
[9969,"兵庫県","高砂市観光施設多言語案内制作協議会（予定）","山岳","高御位山","たかみくらやま","Mt. Takamikura","播磨アルプスの加古川市と高砂市の境にそびえる高御位山。","Mt. Takamikura stands on the border between the cities of Kakogawa and Takasago in the Harima Alps."]
[9970,"兵庫県","高砂市観光施設多言語案内制作協議会（予定）","テーマ施設等","高砂銀座商店街","たかさごぎんざしょうてんがい","Takasago Ginza Shopping Arcade","1926年に高砂駅が建設されると、この地域は高砂銀座商店街と呼ばれる繁華街へと発展しました。","With the construction of Takasago Station in 1926, the area developed into a thriving shopping street called the Takasago Ginza Shopping Arcade."]
[9971,"兵庫県","高砂市観光施設多言語案内制作協議会（予定）","乗物","北前船","きたまえぶね","kitamaebune","明治時代（1868-1912）、この航路を通る北前船の数は急速に増加しました。","In the Meiji era (1868–1912), the number of kitamaebune (northbound ships) plying this route increased quite rapidly. "]
[9972,"奈良県","十津川村インバウンド受入協議会","郷土景観","熊野古道","くまのこどう","Kumano Kodo","この村は今でも実質的に、素朴な田園文化に浸り、伝説の武士の足跡をたどり、温泉に浸かり、いかだで川下りをし、山頂の神社に参拝し、熊野古道という参詣道を歩くためにこの地を訪れる人々だけが知る秘密の場所です。","It remains a virtual secret shared by those who come to bask in its rustic rural culture, follow in the footsteps of legendary samurai, soak in its hot springs, raft its rivers, pay homage at its mountaintop shrine, or walk on the revered paths of the Kumano Kodo pilgrimage route."]
[9973,"奈良県","十津川村インバウンド受入協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","修験道","しゅげんどう","Shugendo","玉置神社は、昔から、神道と仏教、そして古代の自然崇拝の要素を取り入れた修行の伝統である修験道の行者に崇拝されてきた場所です。","It has long been a revered spot for practitioners of Shugendo, an ascetic tradition that embraces elements of Shinto and Buddhism along with the ancient worship of natural phenomena. "]
[9974,"奈良県","十津川村インバウンド受入協議会","郷土景観","大峯奥駈道","おおみねおくがけみち","Omine Okugakemichi","役行者は、現在は大峯奥駈道と呼ばれている、吉野と熊野を結ぶ山道沿いに設けた神聖な修行場のひとつとしてこの神社を選びました。","He chose it as one of the sacred training sites along the mountainous trail between the religious centers of Yoshino and Kumano, now known as the Omine Okugakemichi pilgrimage route. "]
[9975,"奈良県","十津川村インバウンド受入協議会","河川・渓谷","瀞峡","どろきょう","Doro-kyo Gorge","奈良、三重、和歌山の3県の県境にまたがるこの北山川流域は、全長31kmの瀞峡の一部です。","This section of the Kitayama River straddles the border of three prefectures (Nara, Mie, and Wakayama) and is part of the 31-kilometer-long Doro-kyo Gorge."]
[9976,"奈良県","十津川村インバウンド受入協議会","建造物等","瀞ホテル","どろほてる","Doro Hotel","昭和（1926-1988）になると、旅館の名前は瀞峡の人気にちなんで「瀞ホテル」と改められました。","At some point during the Showa era (1926–1989), the name of the inn was changed to the Doro Hotel, drawing on the name of the popular gorge."]
[9977,"奈良県","十津川村インバウンド受入協議会","河川・渓谷","北山川","きたやまがわ","Kitayama River","奈良、三重、和歌山の3県の県境にまたがる瀞峡は、全長31kmにわたる北山川流域です。","Doro-kyo Gorge is a 31-kilometer-long section of the Kitayama River, which straddles the border of three prefectures (Nara, Mie, and Wakayama). "]
[9978,"奈良県","十津川村インバウンド受入協議会","年中行事","十津川大踊り","とつかわむらおおおどり","Totsukawa O-odori","十津川大踊りは、UNESCO無形文化遺産に登録されている、「風流踊」と総称される民俗舞踊のこの地域の様式です。","Totsukawa O-odori is a regional style of the Japanese folk dances collectively known as furyu-odori, which are recognized as an Intangible Cultural Heritage by UNESCO. "]
[9979,"奈良県","十津川村インバウンド受入協議会","温泉","十津川温泉","とつかわおんせん","Totsukawa Onsen","十津川温泉街の公衆浴場、庵の湯へようこそ。この場所の温泉は、300年ほど前に炭焼き職人が発見したと言われています。","Welcome to Iorinoyu, the public bathing facility of the village of Totsukawa Onsen. "]
[9980,"奈良県","十津川村インバウンド受入協議会","温泉","湯泉地温泉","とうせんじおんせん","Tosenji Onsen","湯泉地温泉郷の公衆浴場、泉湯へようこそ。","Welcome to Izumiyu, the public bathing facility of the village of Tosenji Onsen."]
[9981,"奈良県","十津川村インバウンド受入協議会","温泉","上湯温泉","かみゆおんせん","Kamiyu Onsen","この川辺の場所で民間事業者によって管理されている上湯温泉の露天風呂へようこそ。","Welcome to the outdoor bathing facility of Kamiyu Onsen, privately maintained in this riverside location. "]
[9982,"奈良県","十津川村インバウンド受入協議会","温泉","露天風呂","ろてんぶろ","rotenburo","上湯温泉は、この地域では最も小さい温泉で、上湯川に直接面する私営の大きな露天風呂です。","Kamiyu Onsen, the smallest of the hot springs, is a privately operated, large rotenburo open-air bath that sits directly on the Kamiyunokawa River."]
[9983,"奈良県","十津川村インバウンド受入協議会","建造物等","谷瀬の吊り橋","たにぜのつりばし","Tanize Suspension Bridge","谷瀬の吊り橋は、日本一長い鋼鉄製の吊り橋で、地元住民の生活用橋として利用されています。","The Tanize Suspension Bridge is Japan’s longest steel suspension bridge used for local foot traffic."]
[9984,"奈良県","十津川村インバウンド受入協議会","その他","ゆっくり散歩道","ゆっくりさんぽどう","Relaxed Walking Trail","「ゆっくり散歩道」というマップは、訪れた人々に、こぢんまりとしたカフェや古民家の民宿、1838年に山の高いところに建てられた風情ある神社、はるか下方に川と吊り橋のパノラマの景色を望む展望台といった集落の見どころを案内するために作られました。","A map of a “Relaxed Walking Trail” was produced to show visitors the way to such local highlights as an intimate café, private lodging facilities in an old Japanese-style home, a picturesque old shrine that was built high on the mountain in 1838, and an observation deck that provides a panoramic view of the river and the suspension bridge far below. "]
[9985,"奈良県","十津川村インバウンド受入協議会","食","ゆうべし","ゆうべし","yubeshi","しかし、同様に柚子を使いはするものの、十津川のゆうべしは保存食です。"," In Totsukawa, however, yubeshi is a preserved food, though also made with yuzu. "]
[9986,"和歌山県","一般社団法人紀州の環（和歌山県由良町登録DMO）","人物・人名・役職名","心地覚心","しんちかくしん","Shinchi Kakushin","1258年、禅師心地覚心（1207年～1298年）が住職に就任し、臨済宗に改宗して興国寺と改名しました。","In 1258, Zen master Shinchi Kakushin (1207–1298) became head monk, changed the temple’s affiliation to the Rinzai school of Zen Buddhism, and renamed it Kokokuji."]
[9987,"和歌山県","一般社団法人紀州の環（和歌山県由良町登録DMO）","食","金山寺味噌","きんざんじみそ","Kinzanji miso","興国寺は日本の禅宗の歴史において重要な役割を果たし、また、醬油や金山寺味噌発祥の地としても有名です。","Kokokuji Temple played an important role in the history of Zen Buddhism in Japan and is famous as the birthplace of soy sauce and Kinzanji miso. "]
[9988,"和歌山県","一般社団法人紀州の環（和歌山県由良町登録DMO）","神社・寺院・神仏等","四天王","してんのう","Four Heavenly Kings","この像は蓮の台座に座っていて、仏教の守護者である四天王の像が両側に並んでいます。","The figure is seated upon a lotus pedestal and is flanked on both sides by statues of the Four Heavenly Kings, the protectors of Buddhism. "]
[9989,"和歌山県","一般社団法人紀州の環（和歌山県由良町登録DMO）","神社・寺院・神仏等","虚無僧","こむそう","komuso","普化禅の実践者には虚無僧、つまり「虚無の僧侶」がいます。","Practitioners of Fuke Zen include komuso, or “clerics of emptiness.”","※「komuso」は日本語の名称で英語ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[9990,"和歌山県","一般社団法人紀州の環（和歌山県由良町登録DMO）","神社・寺院・神仏等","天狗","てんぐ","tengu","興国寺の天狗堂には、大火後に一晩で寺院を再建したと信じられている伝説の天狗が祀られています。","The Tengu Hall (Tengudo) of Kokokuji Temple is dedicated to a legendary tengu that is believed to have rebuilt the temple in a single night following a catastrophic fire.","※「tengu」は日本語の名称で英語ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[9991,"和歌山県","一般社団法人紀州の環（和歌山県由良町登録DMO）","自然現象","カルスト地形","かるすとちけい","karst topography","白崎海洋公園の石灰岩形成は白崎海岸のカルスト地形の一部分である。","The limestone formations at Shirasaki Ocean Park are part of the karst topography of the Shirasaki Coast."]
[9992,"和歌山県","一般社団法人紀州の環（和歌山県由良町登録DMO）","時代・歴史組織・団体","ペルム紀","ぺるむき","Permian Period","石灰岩形成は２億5000万年も前になるペルム紀のものである。","The limestone formations date back 250 million years to the Permian Period. These masses of calcium carbonate are made of biological matter, such as shells and coral, that accumulated over centuries. "]
[9993,"和歌山県","一般社団法人紀州の環（和歌山県由良町登録DMO）","動物","ウミネコ","うみねこ","black-tailed gulls","ツアーの所要時間は 30 分または 60 分で、海のアーチ、ウミネコのコロニーの営巣地、かつての石灰岩の採掘場などを訪れます。","Tours last either 30 or 60 minutes and visit sea arches, nesting sites for colonies of black-tailed gulls, and former limestone mining sites. "]
[9994,"和歌山県","一般社団法人紀州の環（和歌山県由良町登録DMO）","動物","営巣地","えいそうち","nesting site","ツアーの所要時間は30 分または60分で、海のアーチ、ウミネコのコロニーの営巣地、かつての石灰岩の採掘場などを訪れます。","Tours last either 30 or 60 minutes and visit sea arches, nesting sites for colonies of black-tailed gulls, and former limestone mining sites. "]
[9995,"和歌山県","一般社団法人紀州の環（和歌山県由良町登録DMO）","植物","在来種","ざいらいしゅ","native species","観光ボートクルーズではこの岩の多い海岸線のパノラマを楽しみ、ウミネコ、丈夫なクロマツ、在来種のユリなどの海岸に生息する動植物を紹介します。","Sightseeing boat cruises afford panoramas of the rocky coastline and introduce its flora and fauna, including black-tailed gulls, hardy black pines, and native species of lily that thrive in coastal habitats."]
[9996,"和歌山県","一般社団法人紀州の環（和歌山県由良町登録DMO）","食","アジ","あじ","horse mackerel ","そのうちの1つでは、訪問客は地元で獲れたサバやアジなどの小魚のウロコ取りやさばき方を学ぶことができます。","In one of these, visitors can learn how to descale and fillet a small fish such as a mackerel or horse mackerel caught locally."]
[9997,"和歌山県","一般社団法人紀州の環（和歌山県由良町登録DMO）","岩石・洞窟","鍾乳石","しょうにゅうせき","stalactites","狭い道を通って戸津井鍾乳洞に入っていくと、さまざまな形、大きさの鍾乳石や石筍のある室につながっている。","A narrow path winds through the Totsui Limestone Cave system, through chambers containing stalactites and stalagmites of various shapes and sizes."]
[9998,"和歌山県","一般社団法人紀州の環（和歌山県由良町登録DMO）","動物","ネジリンボウ","ねじりんぼう","yellownose prawn-goby","石灰岩採石の遺物、ソラスズメダイやカラフルなベラからネジリンボウやアゴアマダイまで多種の海洋生物など、さまざまな見どころがある。","Highlights include reminders of limestone mining operations and abundant sea life, from neon damselfish and brightly colored wrasse to yellownose prawn-goby and jawfish."]
[9999,"和歌山県","一般社団法人紀州の環（和歌山県由良町登録DMO）","食","ゆら早生","ゆらわせ","Yurawase mikan","その多くは温州みかん（学名：Citrus unshiu）または「みかん」を地元で繁殖させた種である、ゆら早生を栽培している。","Many are for the cultivation of Yurawase mikan, a locally propagated variety of Satsuma orange (Citrus unshiu).","※「mikan」は日本語の名称で英語ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[10000,"和歌山県","一般社団法人紀州の環（和歌山県由良町登録DMO）","動物","クエ","くえ","longtooth grouper","クエの白くてやや半透明な身は地元では「クエ鍋」として知られる鍋料理で野菜や他の具材と一緒に食卓で調理されます。","The white, slightly translucent flesh of the longtooth grouper is cooked at the table alongside vegetables and other ingredients in a hot pot dish known locally as kue nabe. "]
[10001,"和歌山県","一般社団法人紀州の環（和歌山県由良町登録DMO）","食","アカモク丼","あかもくどん","akamoku-don","由良町でポピュラーな地元丼ぶり料理である「アカモク丼」には、醤油で味付けされた食用の海藻の上に卵やその他具材がのせられている。","Edible seaweed is seasoned and served with raw egg and other ingredients in akamoku-don, a regional rice bowl dish popular in the town of Yura.","※「akamoku-don」は日本語の名称で英語ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[10002,"和歌山県","一般社団法人紀州の環（和歌山県由良町登録DMO）","食","しらす","しらす","whitebait","アカモク丼では、ご飯の上に他のトッピング (多くの場合、生卵、しらす、大葉、場合によってはアボカドなど) を添えて提供されます。","In akamoku-don, it is served on top of rice with an accompaniment of other toppings such as raw egg, whitebait, perilla leaf, and sometimes avocado."]
[10003,"和歌山県","一般社団法人紀州の環（和歌山県由良町登録DMO）","食","海苔","のり","nori","そのうちの 1 つでは、訪問客は通常海苔を使用する全国的な寿司の地元版である乾燥ワカメを使った巻き寿司の作り方を学ぶことができます。","In one of these, visitors can learn how to make sushi rolls using dried sheets of wakame seaweed, a regional variation of a nationwide dish that typically uses nori (dried laver)."]
[10004,"和歌山県","一般社団法人紀州の環（和歌山県由良町登録DMO）","人物・人名・役職名","文武天皇","もんむてんのう","Emperor Monmu","文武天皇（697–707）が紀伊国（現在の和歌山県）を訪れた際に詠まれた13首の歌のうちの1首である。","It is one of 13 composed during a visit by Emperor Monmu (r. 697–707) to Kiinokuni (present-day Wakayama Prefecture). "]
[10005,"和歌山県","一般社団法人紀州の環（和歌山県由良町登録DMO）","動物","イカ","いか","squid","イカ、カサゴ、イセエビなどの甲殻類が岩の多い海岸近くで餌を食べたり隠れ場所にかくれたりしています。","Squid, rockfish, and crustaceans, including spiny lobster, feed and shelter close to the rocky shoreline. "]
[10006,"和歌山県","一般社団法人紀州の環（和歌山県由良町登録DMO）","動物","甲殻類","こうかくるい","crustaceans","イカ、カサゴ、イセエビなどの甲殻類が岩の多い海岸近くで餌を食べたり隠れ場所にかくれたりしています。","Squid, rockfish, and crustaceans, including spiny lobster, feed and shelter close to the rocky shoreline. "]
[10007,"和歌山県","一般社団法人紀州の環（和歌山県由良町登録DMO）","食","麹","こうじ","koji","米、大豆、大麦を混ぜ合わせたものからできた麹菌で細かく刻んだ野菜を発酵させれば、金山寺味噌ができあがる。","Kinzanji miso is made from chopped vegetables that are fermented with a koji mold derived from a blend of rice, soybeans, and barley. "]
[10008,"和歌山県","一般社団法人紀州の環（和歌山県由良町登録DMO）","食","力餅","ちからもち","Chikara Mochi","力餅とは、地元の言い伝えから閃いた地域のお菓子である。","Chikara Mochi is a regional confection inspired by a local legend."]
[10009,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","刀匠","とうしょう","swordsmiths","この方法は、日本の刀匠が求める貴重な玉鋼を製造する唯一の方法である。","This method is the only way to produce tamahagane steel, which is prized by Japanese swordsmiths."]
[10010,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","その他","鉄鉱石","てっこうせき","iron ore","考古学的な遺跡から、日本における最古の製鉄は鉄鉱石を用いたものであったことが判明している。","Archaeological remains indicate that the earliest known smelting of iron in Japan was done using iron ore. "]
[10011,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","鉄師","てっし","tesshi","かつては地主であれば誰でも製鉄業を営むことができたが、1726年、大名・松平宜維（1698～1731）の統治下にあった松江藩から正式に製鉄所経営者（鉄師）の免許を受けたのである。","Although it had once been possible for any landowner to engage in iron production, in 1726 these families were officially licensed as the sole ironworks proprietors (tesshi) of the Matsue domain, which fell under the governance of daimyo Matsudaira Nobusumi (1698–1731).","※「ironworks proprietors」と英訳するほうが自然かつわかりやすい場合もある。"]
[10012,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","郷土景観","大原新田","おおはらしんでん","Ōhara Shinden","この地図の南東にある大原新田付近の展望台は以前は絲原家が所有していた土地で、その一例を見ることができる。","An example of this altered landscape can be seen from a viewing platform near Ōhara Shinden, marked on the southeast portion of this map, on land previously owned by the Itohara family."]
[10013,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","鉄工","てっこう","ironworkers","改革以前は、農民と鉄工は天然資源をめぐってしばしば対立していた。","Prior to the reforms, farmers and ironworkers often quarreled over natural resources."]
[10014,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","その他","鉄塊","てっかい","iron ingots","これを容易にするため、多くの製鉄所は低品位の鉄を販売可能な鉄塊に変える鍛冶場を開いた。","To facilitate this, many ironworks opened forges where low-grade iron could be turned into salable iron ingots."]
[10015,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","その他","製錬","せいれん","smelting","製錬が進むと、溶けた銑鉄が炉底の穴からにじみ出て回収される。","As smelting progressed, molten pig iron oozed out through holes in the bottom of the furnace. "]
[10016,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","その他","不純物","ふじゅんぶつ","impurities","マサは酸性の岩石から採れるため不純物が少ないが、溶ける温度ははるかに高い。","Masa iron sand, which comes from acidic rock, has fewer impurities but melts at a much higher temperature. "]
[10017,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","その他","銑鉄","ずく","pig iron","鉄の塊製造の最初のステップは、手で操作するふいごを備えた小さな炉で、硬くてもろい銑鉄を溶かすことだった。","The first step in producing iron ingots was to melt down the pig iron, which was stiff and brittle."]
[10018,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","鍛冶屋","かじや","blacksmiths","高級鋼の生産量には限りがあり、価格も高かったため、鍛冶屋は希少な材料を効率的に使う方法を開発した。","Given the limited quantity and steep cost of high-grade steel, blacksmiths developed ways to use the scarce material more efficiently. "]
[10019,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","自然現象","浸食","しんしょく","erosion","自然の浸食プロセスを待つ代わりに、作業員たちは露出した崖の表面を少しずつ削り、土砂を専用の運河に叩き込んだ。","Instead of waiting for the natural erosion process to occur, workers chipped away bit by bit at an exposed cliff face, knocking the sediment into a purpose-built canal. "]
[10020,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","その他","固定炭素","こていたんそ","fixed carbon content","たたら炭は低温で長時間加熱されるため、揮発性有機物が多く残り、固定炭素の含有量が少なく、より早く、より熱く燃えた。","Tatara charcoal was heated longer at a lower temperature, leaving more volatile organic matter and a lower fixed carbon content, which meant it burned faster and hotter."]
[10021,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","その他","反射炉","はんしゃろ","reverberatory furnaces","この需要を満たすために、反射炉と最新の鉄鉱石採掘技術も輸入された。","Reverberatory furnaces and the latest advancements in iron ore-mining techniques were also imported in order to meet this demand. "]
[10022,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","工芸・美術","日刀保たたら","にっとうほたたら","Nittōho Tatara","1977年、日刀保たたらは30年前に途絶えていたたたら製鉄の火を再び灯した。","In 1977, Nittōho Tatara rekindled the fires of tatara ironmaking that had been extinguished for three decades."]
[10023,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","その他","スラグ","すらぐ","slag","溶けた粘土は溶けた鉄と反応して溶媒（「スラグ」と呼ばれる）を生成し、不純物を運びながら排出される。","The melted clay reacts with the molten iron, creating a solvent (called “slag”) that carries away impurities as it drains out. "]
[10024,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","村下","むらげ","murage","その間、村下は空気管付近の小さな穴から炉内の様子を定期的に観察し、次に砂鉄や木炭を入れる量を判断する。","Meanwhile, the murage regularly observes the progress inside the furnace through small holes near the air pipes and judges how much iron sand and charcoal to add next.","※注解を付ける場合は「foreman」を用いる。"]
[10025,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","その他","鉧","けら","kera","3日間連続で操業した後、炉は解体され、ケラは冷やすために廃墟から引きずり出される。","After three straight days of operation, the furnace is demolished and the kera is dragged out from the ruins to cool.","※注解を付ける場合は「bloom」を用いる。"]
[10026,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","その他","破断面","はだんめん"," fracture surface","玉鋼は炭素含有量と破断面（金属の断面の様子）によって等級が決まる。","Tamahagane is graded according to its carbon content and fracture surface (the appearance of a cross-section of the metal)."]
[10027,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","工芸・美術","日本美術刀剣保存協会","にっぽんびじゅつとうけんほぞんきょうかい","Society for Preservation of Japanese Art Swords","大四郎は名工になり、1965年には日本美術刀剣保存協会の第1回作品展に出品された。","Daishirō became a renowned swordsmith, and in 1965, one of his swords was displayed in the first annual exhibition held by the Society for Preservation of Japanese Art Swords. "]
[10028,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","工芸・美術","鍛錬工程","たんれんこうてい","forging process","小林兄弟は対外的な活動にも従事し、地域や全国の刀匠組合の事務局を務める一方、博物館の敷地内にある工房で鍛錬工程の公開実演を定期的に行っていた。","The Kobayashi brothers also engaged in outreach activities: they held administrative roles in swordsmiths’ associations at the regional and national levels and offered periodic public demonstrations of the forging process in a workshop on the museum grounds."]
[10029,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","その他","マルテンサイト","まるてんさいと","martensite","低炭素フェライトコアの構造は、高密度の高炭素マルテンサイトエッジに比べてまばらに見える。","The structure of the low-carbon ferrite core looks sparse compared to the dense, high-carbon martensite edge."]
[10030,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","社会","廃刀令","はいとうれい","Sword Abolishment Edict ","刀鍛冶業は、1876年に発令された廃刀令によって脅かされ、民間人（旧士族を含む）が刀剣を所持することは違法とされた。","The swordsmithing trade was threatened by the Sword Abolishment Edict of 1876, which made it illegal for any civilian (including former samurai) to carry a sword."]
[10031,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","その他","パーライト","ぱーらいと","pearlite","刀身の裏側の粘土層はゆっくりと収縮し、「パーライト」と呼ばれる鋼になり、刃先は急速に冷えてマルテンサイトに硬化する。","The layer of clay on the back of the sword causes it to contract more slowly, becoming a type of steel called “pearlite,” while the edge cools quickly and hardens into martensite."]
[10032,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","その他","溝","みぞ","trench","中央に深い溝があり、その左右に2つの小さな空洞がある。","A deep trench in the center is flanked on the left and right by two smaller cavities."]
[10033,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","その他","箱ふいご","はこふいご","box bellows","たたら製鉄で使われた板ふいごには、手で操作する箱ふいご、足で操作するシーソーのようなふいごの2種類があった。","There were two common types of plank bellows used in tatara ironmaking: hand-operated box bellows and foot-operated bellows that resembled a seesaw."]
[10034,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","番子","ばんこ","banko","バンコは交代でふいごの中央に立ち、両足を動く板の上に乗せた。","The banko took turns standing in the center of the bellows with each foot on a wooden pedal. "]
[10035,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","工芸・美術","焼き入れ","やきいれ","yaki-ire","刃の形が整ったら、焼き入れの技法で処理される。","Once the blade has taken shape, it is treated using the yaki-ire technique."]
[10036,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","郷土景観","たたら山内","たたらさんない","ironworks village","菅谷たたら山内はかつて鉄職人の集落だった。","Sugaya Ironworks Village (Sugaya Tatara Sannai) was once an ironmaking community where teams of workers used a traditional clay tatara furnace to smelt iron sand into high-quality steel."]
[10037,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","その他","滑車装置","かっしゃそうち","tackle","そこでは、重さ１トン強の破砕機が水車を動力とする滑車装置で空中に吊り上げられ、ブルームに投下されて細かく砕かれた。","There, a drop hammer weighing more than 1 metric ton was hoisted into the air using a waterwheel-powered tackle and dropped onto the bloom to break it into smaller chunks."]
[10038,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","建造物等","高殿","たかどの","takadono (smelting workshop)","今はひっそりと佇む高殿だが、かつては菅谷たたら山内の賑わいの中心だった。","The takadono workshop now stands quiet and still, but it was once the bustling center of activity at Sugaya Ironworks Village."]
[10039,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","建造物等","格子","こうし","lattice","高価な製品であるため、支配人は高殿の作業場に面した格子の壁を通して、この重要な生産段階を監視していた。","Due to the high value of these products, the manager kept a close eye on this critical stage of production through the lattice wall facing the takadono workshop."]
[10040,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会",null,"ヒメマス","ひめます","Himemasu salmon","私たちヒメマスは、世界のさまざまな地域で「コカニーサーモン」と呼ばれる陸封型のサケの一種です。","We himemasu salmon are a species of landlocked salmon called kokanee salmon in some parts of the world.","※アメリカ英語のスタンダード表現は「Himemasu salmon」とされているが、地域によっては「Kokanee salmon」（カナダ英語）としている場合もある。"]
[10041,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","植物","桂の木","かつらのき","katsura tree","白鷺に乗って各地を巡った金屋子は、やがて菅谷製鉄所の北東約25キロの山中にある桂の木に降り立った。","Flying on a white heron, she scoured the region and eventually landed on a katsura tree in the mountains roughly 25 kilometers to the northeast of Sugaya Ironworks."]
[10042,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","建造物等","長屋","ながや","rowhouse","小さな区画には家族全員が住み、長屋の住人は全員、2か所ある村の共同浴場を利用した。","An entire family lived in each compact unit, and the occupants of the rowhouse all used two communal village baths."]
[10043,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","その他","製鉄","せいてつ","ironmaking","この博物館は、製鉄の地域史と発展を紹介している。","This museum introduces the history and development of ironmaking in the region."]
[10044,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","金属顕微鏡","きんぞくけんびきょう","metallurgic microscope","研究を支援するため、1905年、俵はドイツから日本初の大型金属顕微鏡を輸入した。","To aid his research, Tawara imported the first large-scale metallurgic microscope to Japan from Germany in 1905."]
[10045,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","テーマ施設等","和鋼博物館","わこうはくぶつかん","Wakou Museum","和鋼博物館は、この地方で広く使用されていた日本独自の鉄鋼製錬用具である「たたら炉」の歴史と発展を紹介する博物館である。","Wakou Museum is dedicated to the history and development of the tatara furnace, a tool for smelting iron and steel that was developed in Japan and used widely in this region.","※固有名詞であるため、マクロン（長音符号）を使わずに、「ou」にする必要がある。"]
[10046,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","その他","砂鉄","さてつ","iron sand","砂鉄を採取する過程で山全体が平らになり、平らになった地形は農業用の畑に変えられた。","The process of collecting iron sand leveled entire mountains, after which the flattened terrain was converted into fields for agriculture."]
[10047,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","社会","鉄鋼業","てっこうぎょう","steel industry","こうして蓄積されたノウハウにより、1900年代初頭にはこの地域は国内最大の鉄鋼生産地となり、現代の鉄鋼業の基礎を築いた。","This accumulated expertise made the region the largest producer of iron and steel in the country by the early 1900s and laid the foundations for the region’s modern-day steel industry."]
[10048,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","史跡","今佐屋山遺跡","いまさややまいせき"," Imasayayama archaeological dig site","この製錬の副産物である鉄滓の塊は、島根県邑南町の今佐屋山遺跡から発掘された。","These chunks of slag (byproduct of the smelting process) were excavated from the Imasayayama archaeological dig site in Ōnan, Shimane Prefecture. "]
[10049,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","その他","耐久性","たいきゅうせい","durability","上記の郡（布施、三所、三沢、横田）から産出される鉄は、耐久性があり、さまざまなものを鍛造するのに適している。","The iron from the above-mentioned townships [Fuse, Mitokoro, Mizawa, and Yokota] is durable and well suited for forging into various objects."]
[10050,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","書物","『鉄山秘書』","てつざんひしょ","Tetsuzan hisho","『鉄山秘書』（全8巻）は、製鉄所の経営者であった下原重仲（1738-1821）が1784年に著したものである。","The eight-volume Tetsuzan hisho (Secret Records of the Iron Mountain) was written in 1784 by Shimohara Shigenaka (1738–1821), the owner of an iron smelting operation.","※注解を付ける場合は「Secret Records of the Iron Mountain」。"]
[10051,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","その他","鉄穴流し","かんなながし","kanna-nagashi","17世紀後半には、「鉄穴流し」と呼ばれる、より効果的な技法が、この地域で広く採用されるようになった。","By the late seventeenth century, a more effective technique called kanna-nagashi had been adopted throughout the region."]
[10052,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","その他","有機物","ゆうきぶつ","organic matter","たたら炉用の木炭は、まだある程度の有機物を含んでおり、より早く、より高い温度で燃焼し、鉄や鋼の製錬に必要な温度を作り出す。","The charcoal for tatara furnaces still contains a certain amount of organic matter, which burns faster and at a higher temperature, creating the temperatures necessary to smelt iron and steel."]
[10053,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","その他","木炭","もくたん","charcoal","彼らは、坑底に石を敷き詰めた細いトンネルを掘って排水可能にし、坑全体を砂利、粘土、木炭の層で埋めた。","They built a narrow, stone-lined tunnel along the bottom of the pit to allow drainage, then covered the bottom with layers of gravel, clay, and charcoal. "]
[10054,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","その他","多孔質","たこうしつ","porous","直接法では、炉の底にケラと呼ばれる多孔質の鉄と鋼の塊ができる。","The direct method creates a porous mass of iron and steel, called a kera, which forms at the bottom of the furnace."]
[10055,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","その他","火皿","ひざら"," fire board ","ここにある道具は、炉に火をつけるための火皿、砂鉄を加えるための平たいシャベル、スラグを取り除くための細いフックなどである。","The tools here include a fire board for lighting the furnace, a flat shovel for adding iron sand, and a narrow hook for clearing away slag."]
[10056,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","金屋子","かなやご","Kanayago","金屋子神社は、たたら製鉄の守護神である金屋子を祀る総本宮である。","Kanayago Jinja Shrine is the foremost shrine dedicated to Kanayago, the guardian kami deity of tatara ironworking."]
[10057,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","その他","製鉄所","せいてつじょ","ironworks","このセクションの展示は、西洋からの新技術の出現の前後で、地元の製鉄所がどのように製鉄・製鋼業に機能していたかを説明している。","The exhibits in this section describe the function of local ironworks in the iron and steelmaking industry, both before and after the advent of new technologies from the West."]
[10058,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","郷土景観","港町","みなとまち","port town","港町として栄えていた安来だが、1908年に山陰本線の鉄道が開通すると、船よりも汽車で運んだほうが安上がりになった。","Although it had thrived as a port town, once Yasugi was connected to the San’in Line railway in 1908, it became cheaper to transport goods by train rather than by boat."]
[10059,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","その他","わら縄","わらなわ","straw rope","江戸時代（1603年～1867年）、鉄や鋼は太いわら縄で巻いた木箱で出荷されていた。","During the Edo period (1603–1867), iron and steel were shipped in wooden boxes wrapped in thick straw rope."]
[10060,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","その他","角炉","かくろ","kakuro blast furnace","奥出雲の鳥上製鉄所で使用されていた角炉の10分の1模型である。","This is a 1:10 scale model of a kakuro blast furnace that was used at Torikami Ironworks in Okuizumo."]
[10061,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","その他","注文書","ちゅうもんしょ","order forms ","例えば、現存する注文書には、職人がどのようにそれぞれの鎌のデザインを顧客の特定のニーズに合うように調整したかが記されている。","For example, surviving order forms show how a craftsman adjusted the design of each sickle to fit the specific needs of his clients."]
[10062,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","仲買人","なかがいにん","broker","鉄鋼の生産だけでなく、奥出雲の小さな鉄工所の公認仲買人も務めていた。","In addition to producing iron and steel, the company was an authorized broker for smaller ironworks in Okuizumo."]
[10063,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","その他","海綿鉄","かいめんてつ","sponge iron","20世紀初頭、彼らは製鉄に新たな革新を求め、その努力は高級鋼を製造するための2つの技術的進歩をもたらせた。砂鉄を使って海綿鉄を作ることと、電気アーク炉を採用することである。","For the early part of the twentieth century, they sought new innovations in steelmaking, and their efforts produced two technological advancements for making high-grade steel: the adoption of electric arc furnaces and the use of iron sand to create sponge iron."]
[10064,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","工芸・美術","刃文","はもん"," edge pattern (hamon)","粘土の塗り方によって、刀身に走る刃文（はもん）の形が決まる。","The style in which the clay is applied determines the appearance of the edge pattern (hamon) that runs down the blade. ","※注解を付ける場合は「 edge pattern」。"]
[10065,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","その他","指導","しどう","supervision","この展示ケースの中にある刀を、博物館のスタッフの指導のもと、実際に持ってみることができる。","Visitors can try holding the sword in this display case under the supervision of museum staff. "]
[10066,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","その他","酸化膜","さんかひまく","oxide film","赤、青、金の色は、製錬中に鋼の一部に形成される極薄の酸化膜からの光の干渉によって生み出される。","The red, blue, and gold colors are created by light reflecting off an ultrathin oxide film that forms on parts of the steel during smelting. "]
[10067,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会",null,"粘土","ねんど","clay","この規模のたたら炉を建設するには、約4トンの粘土が必要だった。 ","Building a tatara furnace of this size required roughly 4 metric tons of clay."]
[10068,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","その他","炉","ろ","furnace","製錬が成功するかどうかは、炉の中で特定の化学反応を起こすかどうかにかかっており、そのためにはある種の粘土と、炎に供給するための安定した酸素の流れが必要だった。","The success of the smelting depends on creating specific chemical reactions inside the furnace, and these require a certain type of clay and a steady flow of oxygen to feed the flames."]
[10069,"島根県","鉄の道文化圏推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","八岐大蛇","やまたのおろち","Yamata no Orochi","八つの頭と八つの尾を持つ神話の大蛇「ヤマタノオロチ」をモチーフにした彫刻。","This sculpture is inspired by Yamata no Orochi, a mythological serpent with eight heads and eight tails. ","※固有名詞であるため、「Yamata」と「 Orochi」の先頭文字を大文字にする必要がある。"]
[10070,"山口県","関門インバウンド受入協議会","時代・歴史組織・団体","熊襲","くまそ","Kumaso","しかし、日本の神話によれば、関門海峡は3世紀初頭、神功皇后が現在の九州に住んでいた先住民族、熊襲（くまそ）の反乱を鎮圧するために南下した時に形成されたという。","However, Japanese myth states the Kanmon Strait was formed early in the third century, as Empress Jingū was traveling south to suppress uprisings by the Kumaso, a group of indigenous peoples who lived in what is now Kyushu."]
[10071,"山口県","関門インバウンド受入協議会","建造物等","欄間窓","らんままど","transom window","玄関には、倶楽部の原点が海運にあったことを想起させる満帆の船を描いたステンドグラスの欄間窓がある。","The entryway has a stained-glass transom window showing a ship in full sail, a hint at the club’s maritime origins. "]
[10072,"山口県","関門インバウンド受入協議会","建造物等","ドーマー窓","どーまーまど"," dormer windows","この建物は、屋根に沿ったドーマー窓や、ドーム型の尖塔を備えた八角形のスティープルなど、ゼツェッシオン様式の要素を示している。","The building has elements of Secession-style architecture, such as the dormer windows along the roof and the octagonal steeple with a domed spire.","※単数形の場合は、「dormer window」にする。"]
[10073,"山口県","関門インバウンド受入協議会","社会","密輸","みつゆ","smuggling","建物の1階にある展示室は、あらゆる種類の密輸を阻止するための現代の税関での施策を説明している。","Exhibits on the building’s first floor introduce modern customs policies designed to prevent smuggling."]
[10074,"山口県","関門インバウンド受入協議会","工芸・美術","マルチプレーンカメラ","まるちぷれーんかめら","multiplane camera","1階の航海に関する展示よりも目を引くのが、初期のセルアニメで使われた古いマルチプレーンカメラだ。","An old multiplane camera, the kind used in early cel animation, stands out from the nautical exhibits of the first floor."]
[10075,"山口県","関門インバウンド受入協議会","建造物等","付柱","つけばしら","pilaster","マンサードの屋根、装飾的な鉄製の部分、それに正面玄関脇の付柱はいずれも19世紀半ばの欧州で主流となったネオ・ルネッサンス建築の特徴である。","The mansard roof, decorative ironwork, and pilasters flanking the main entrance are all features of Neo-Renaissance architecture, which became popular in Europe in the mid-nineteenth century."]
[10076,"山口県","関門インバウンド受入協議会","建造物等","設計図","せっけいず","blueprints","しかし、オリジナルの設計図や詳細な記録の欠如が、早くも建設上の障害として現れた。","However, the lack of original blueprints or detailed records presented an immediate obstacle to the construction. "]
[10077,"山口県","関門インバウンド受入協議会","その他","焼夷弾","しょういだん","incendiary bomb","そして1945年7月2日未明、アメリカのB29爆撃機が下関に焼夷弾を投下し、神社は火災で焼失した。","Then, in the early hours of July 2, 1945, American B-29s dropped incendiary bombs on Shimonoseki, and the shrine was destroyed in the ensuing fire."]
[10078,"山口県","関門インバウンド受入協議会","建造物等","防火壁","ぼうかへき","firewall","正面玄関には鉄製のセキュリティドアがあり、1階の窓には鉄格子がはめ込まれており、メインオフィスの非常口は外のコンクリート製防火壁へとつながっている。","The main entrance has an iron security door, the first-floor windows are barred, and an emergency exit in the main office leads to a concrete firewall outside."]
[10079,"山口県","関門インバウンド受入協議会","建造物等","マントルピース","まんとるぴーす","mantelpiece","装飾が施された内部は天井が高く、ドアや窓の周りには細工が施されたモールディングがあり、各部屋にはタイル張りの暖炉を備えたマントルピースがある。","The ornate interior has high ceilings, worked molding around the doors and windows, and mantelpieces with tiled fireplaces in each room."]
[10080,"山口県","関門インバウンド受入協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","位牌","いはい","mortuary tablet","その左側には、戦死した兵士のための50の位牌が置かれている。"," To its left stand 50 mortuary tablets (ihai) for fallen soldiers."]
[10081,"山口県","関門インバウンド受入協議会","建造物等","白熱灯","はくねつとう","incandescent lamp","車の中には、時代錯誤な畳の座席と白熱灯の間に通路がある。","A route leads through the car and between its anachronistic tatami seats and incandescent lamps."]
[10082,"山口県","関門インバウンド受入協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","長唄","ながうた","nagauta","二人は舞台芸術を熱心に支援しつつ参加し、豪華な宴席にあわせて能楽、舞踊、長唄を上演した。","The pair enthusiastically supported and participated in the performing arts, staging Noh plays, dances, and nagauta (traditional music) to accompany the restaurant’s lavish banquets."]
[10083,"山口県","関門インバウンド受入協議会","建造物等","電話交換局","でんわこうかんきょく","telephone switchboard station","門司電気通信レトロ館の建物は、当初は逓信省門司郵便局の電話交換局だった。","The museum building was first the telephone switchboard station of the Moji Post Office operated by the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications."]
[10084,"山口県","関門インバウンド受入協議会","社会","財閥","ざいばつ","financial conglomerate","瓜生商会は関門海峡における英国権益の事実上の代理店となり、やがて2つの大財閥の石炭輸出を手がけるようになった。","Their business quickly became the de facto representative of British interests in the Kanmon Strait, and in due course, it came to handle the international coal exports of not one but two major financial conglomerates: Mitsui and Mitsubishi."]
[10085,"山口県","関門インバウンド受入協議会","建造物等","花飾り","はなかざり","festoon","桜井小太郎は、窓の上に施された浮き彫りの花飾りや、ドアの両脇に配されたピラスター（ギリシャ・ローマ時代の柱のようなデザイン要素）によって、この古典的な雰囲気を実現した。","Kotarō achieved this classical feel through the relief carvings of festoons above the windows and above the pilasters (design elements that look like Greco-Roman pillars) that flank the door."]
[10086,"山口県","関門インバウンド受入協議会","史跡","日中講和会議","にっかへいわじょうやく"," Sino-Japanese Peace Conference","日中講和会議は1895年3月20日、春帆楼という豪華な旅館で始まった。","The Sino-Japanese Peace Conference began on March 20, 1895, at a luxurious inn called Shunpanrō."]
[10087,"山口県","関門インバウンド受入協議会","建造物等","舷窓","げんそう","porthole","エントランスの左側には竹のようなフェイクの柱が立ち、右側には小さな舷窓があり、この建物が海運会社のオフィスだったことをほのめかしている。","A bamboo-like faux column stands to the left side of the entrance, while the right side has a small porthole that hints at the building’s origin as the offices of a shipping company."]
[10088,"山口県","関門インバウンド受入協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","名声の絶頂期","めいせいのぜっちょうき","height of (his) fame","名声の絶頂期、藤原の美しいテノールの歌声は、ヨーロッパやアメリカの多くのオペラハウス聴かれた。","At the height of his fame, Fujiwara’s beautiful tenor voice was heard in many of the great opera houses in Europe and America.","※「his」は主語を指す言葉のため、女性の場合は「her」になり、複数人の場合は「their」になります。"]
[10089,"山口県","関門インバウンド受入協議会","建造物等","ペディメント","ぺでぃめんと","pediment","アーチ型のエントランスの上部には湾曲したペディメントがあり、その両脇には付柱が配されている。","The arched entrance is topped with a curved pediment and flanked by pilasters."]
[10090,"山口県","関門インバウンド受入協議会","建造物等","裳階","もこし","decorative skirt roof","この様式の典型的な特徴は花頭窓（かとうまど）、装飾的な裳階（もこし）、丸みを帯びた支柱（粽）などである。","Typical features of this style include the bell-shaped windows (katōmado), decorative skirt roof (mokoshi), and tapered support pillars (chimaki)."]
[10091,"山口県","関門インバウンド受入協議会","その他","野太刀","のだち","long sword","小次郎は得意武器とした長刀（野太刀）の腕前で師匠をしのぐようになった。","Kojirō came to exceed his master’s ability with the long sword (nodachi), which became his favored weapon."]
[10092,"山口県","関門インバウンド受入協議会","社会","ガチャ","がちゃ","capsule machine","さらにフグの自動販売機や、3,000円を費やして最大15,000円にもなるフグ製品がもらえる可能性のあるフグガチャまである。","There is even a puffer fish vending machine and puffer fish gacha capsule machine, where customers can spend ¥3,000 to receive up to ¥15,000 in puffer fish products.","※「gacha」は英語圏である程度認知されているため、場合によって「gacha」だけで通じることもあるが、「capusule machine」を加えることでより分かりやすくなる。"]
[10093,"山口県","関門インバウンド受入協議会","史跡","貝塚","かいづか","shell mound","考古学的に発掘された新石器時代の貝塚によれば、縄文時代（紀元前12,000～500年）から人々はフグを食べていたという。","Archaeological excavations of Neolithic shell mounds indicate that people have been eating the fish since the Jōmon period (12,000–500 BCE)."]
[10094,"山口県","関門インバウンド受入協議会","食","錦糸卵","きんしたまご","shredded egg crêpe","この料理は、抹茶を含めた蕎麦の上に錦糸卵や細切りにした牛肉など様々な具をのせたものである。","This dish consists of soba noodles made with green tea and topped with a variety of ingredients, including shredded egg crêpe and shredded beef.","※「crepe」の表記も可能。"]
[10095,"山口県","関門インバウンド受入協議会","乗物","屋外デッキ","しつがいでっき","exposed top deck","天候が許せば、フェリーの屋外デッキに乗って、海峡と両岸の港町を堪能するのもいいだろう。","If the weather allows, riding on the exposed top deck of the ferry affords the best view of the water and the port cities on both sides of the strait."]
[10096,"山口県","関門インバウンド受入協議会","建造物等","シールド工法","シールド工法","shield tunneling","シールド工法は、マーク・イザムバード・ブルネル（1769～1849年）がロンドンのテムズ川トンネル（1825年）建設で開拓したやり方である。","Shield tunneling was pioneered by Marc Isambard Brunel (1769–1849) during construction of the Thames Tunnel (1825) in London.","※文章の先頭が単語ではない場合は、「shield」の先頭文字を小文字にする。"]
[10097,"山口県","関門インバウンド受入協議会","社会","歩行者","ほこうしゃ","pedestrian","それでも、歩行者は波のはるか下にある歩道で、定期的に２つの島の間を行き来している。","Even so, pedestrians regularly cross between the islands on a walkway far beneath the waves."]
[10098,"山口県","関門インバウンド受入協議会","社会","売り文句","うりもんく","sales patter","バナナ商人たちは、最もキャッチーで効果的な売り文句を開発しようと競い合い、売り文句はますます独創的になっていった。","Banana vendors developed a unique sales patter, half auctioneering and half singing, which they delivered while beating the table to keep time and attract customers."]
[10099,"山口県","関門インバウンド受入協議会","社会","商店街","しょうてんがい","shōtengai","日本の都市景観の大きな特徴は、商店が軒を連ね、両端に装飾されたアーチが目印の商店街である。","A major feature of Japan’s urban landscape is the shōtengai, a street lined with shops and marked by a decorated arch at each end."]
[10100,"山口県","関門インバウンド受入協議会","社会","下駄","げた","geta","清滝の狭い石垣の路地には、かつて三味線のリズミカルな音と、高級料亭での客との待ち合わせに急ぐ芸者の下駄の音が響いていた。","Kiyotaki’s narrow, stone-walled lanes once echoed with the rhythmic plucking of shamisen and the clatter of geta (wooden clogs) as geisha hurried to rendezvous with clients at high-class restaurants.","※「geta」は英語圏で一般的に知られているため、斜体表記は不要。"]
[10101,"山口県","関門インバウンド受入協議会","建造物等","国際主義建築","こくさいようしきけんちく","internationalist architecture","区役所の比較的装飾の少ない外観と落ち着いた色調は、初期の国際主義建築の特徴である。","The ward office’s relatively unornamented exterior and muted colors are characteristic of early internationalist architecture. "]
[10102,"山口県","関門インバウンド受入協議会","島しょ","干満差","かんまんさ","differing tidal ranges","この珍しい現象は、関門海峡の東にある周防灘と西にある響灘の干満差が原因である。","This unusual phenomenon is caused by the differing tidal ranges of the Suō Sea to the east of the strait and the Hibiki Sea to the west. "]
[10103,"山口県","関門インバウンド受入協議会","人物・人名・役職名","大工","だいく","carpenter","1858年、フランスやイギリスをはじめとする諸外国が日本の港に入港できるようになると、外国の思想や技術が国内に流入した。擬洋風建築（ぎようふうけんちく）として知られる様式が、日本の大工たちによって開発された。","A style known as pseudo-Western architecture (giyōfū kenchiku) was developed by Japanese carpenters, who creatively used traditional methods to replicate the appearance of Western architectural features such as stonework and towers."]
[10104,"山口県","関門インバウンド受入協議会","その他","礁標","しょうひょう","reef marker","この灯台は、現在も近くにある石造りの礁標とともに、関門海峡を行き交う数多くの国際貿易船を導いてきた。","The lighthouse, along with the still-standing stone reef marker (shōhyō) nearby, has guided scores of international trading ships through the Kanmon Strait."]
[10105,"山口県","関門インバウンド受入協議会","郷土景観","関門海峡","かんもんかいきょう","Kanmon Strait","アトリウムの中心には、日本最大級の162平方メートルの曲面プロジェクタースクリーンがあり、関門海峡の過去と現在を描いたアクション満載の4つのアニメーションが上映されている。","At the center of the atrium is a 162-square-meter curved projector screen (one of the largest in Japan) that shows four action-packed animations depicting the past and present of the Kanmon Strait. "]
[10106,"山口県","関門インバウンド受入協議会","社会","砲艦外交","ほうかんがいこう","gunboat diplomacy","外交的合意を得るための海軍力の行使（「砲艦外交」と呼ばれた）は、他の西洋諸国にも真似された。","The use of naval force to gain a diplomatic agreement (termed “gunboat diplomacy”) was duplicated by other Western nations."]
[10107,"山口県","関門インバウンド受入協議会","建造物等","スレート屋根","すれーとやね","slate roof","むき出しの木材、スレート屋根、モルタルの縞模様はすべてドイツのデザインを想起させるもので、日本建築では異例な左右非対称の窓がある。","The exposed timber, slate roof, and stippled mortar all evoke German design, and the asymmetry of the windows is atypical in Japanese architecture."]
[10108,"山口県","関門インバウンド受入協議会","建造物等","ゼツェッシオン様式建築","ぜつぇっしおんようしきけんちく","Secession-style architecture","屋上のドーマー窓や、ドーム型の尖塔と菱形の装飾を基部に持つ八角形の塔は、20世紀初頭頃にオーストリアやドイツを中心に流行した分ゼツェッシオン様式建築の特徴である。","The rooftop dormer windows and the octagonal tower with a domed spire and diamond-shaped ornamentation at its base are elements of Secession-style architecture, which was popular mainly in Austria and Germany around the early twentieth century."]
[10109,"山口県","関門インバウンド受入協議会","建造物等","コーニス","こーにす","cornices","突き出たドーマー窓や屋根に沿った石彫りのコーニスは、いずれもネオ・ルネサンス様式建築の特徴であり、シャンデリアも同様である。","The spired dormer windows and carved stone cornices along the roof are both elements of Neo-Renaissance-style architecture, as are the chandeliers."]
[10110,"山口県","関門インバウンド受入協議会","その他","係留柱","けいせんちゅう","mooring post","この鉄筋コンクリート造りの建物は埋め立てによって水位線が160メートルも移動するより前の1929年に建てられたもので、正面にある古い係留柱はかつて客船が停泊していた場所を示している。","The reinforced concrete structure was built in 1929, before land reclamation moved the waterline 160 meters away, and old mooring posts show where passenger ships once docked."]
[10111,"山口県","関門インバウンド受入協議会","建造物等","ハーフティンバーの壁","はーふてぃんばーのかべ","half-timbered wall","急勾配の高い塔の屋根やハーフティンバーの壁などといったロシアやドイツの特徴がはっきりと見られ、瓦を重ねていく日本式とは異なる、織り合わされた曲線の瓦が連なる中国式の屋根も見られる。","There are clear Russian and German elements, such as the high-steepled tower roofs and half-timbered walls, and the Chinese-style roof has rows of interlocking curved tiles rather than Japanese-style overlapping plates."]
[10112,"山口県","関門インバウンド受入協議会","島しょ","海路","かいろ・うみじ","naval route","本州と九州を隔てるこの狭くて流れの速い海峡は、古代から重要な海路だった。","This narrow, swift-flowing strait separating Honshu and Kyushu has been a key naval route since ancient times."]
[10113,"山口県","関門インバウンド受入協議会","建造物等","建築運動メタボリズム","けんちくうんどうめたぼりずむ","Metabolism Movement","このガラス張りの摩天楼は、東京の中銀カプセルタワービル（1972年竣工）で一躍有名になり、建築運動メタボリズムの創始者としても知られる建築界の第一人者、黒川紀章（1934-2007）によって設計された。","This glass skyscraper was designed by leading architect Kurokawa Kishō, who first achieved renown for the Nakagin Capsule Tower Building in Tokyo (completed 1972) and for participating in the establishment of the Metabolism Movement."]
[10114,"山口県","関門インバウンド受入協議会","レジャー・アクティビティ　","夜景","やけい","nighttime view","\"日本夜景遺産 \"に認定された夜景は必見である。","Don’t miss the nighttime view, which has been designated a “Night View Heritage of Japan.”"]
[10115,"山口県","やまぐち萩往還語り部の会","時代・歴史組織・団体","長州藩","ちょうしゅうはん","Choshu domain","ガイドが長州藩（現在の山口県）と江戸時代の政治を背景に、萩往還の歴史について紹介します。","Guides introduce the history of the Hagi Okan against the backdrop of the Choshu domain (modern-day Yamaguchi Prefecture) and the politics of the Edo period. "]
[10116,"山口県","やまぐち萩往還語り部の会","時代・歴史組織・団体","江戸時代","えどじだい","Edo period ","このルートを探索すると山口県の歴史と江戸時代 (1603年-1867 年) の文化を深く知ることができます。","Exploring this route offers insight into the history of Yamaguchi Prefecture and the culture of the Edo period (1603–1867)."]
[10117,"山口県","やまぐち萩往還語り部の会","時代・歴史組織・団体","大内氏","おおうちし","Ouchi clan","この塔は14世紀中頃から16世紀中頃にかけて現在の山口県を統治していた大内氏当主である大内盛見 (1377年-1431 年) によって建設されました。","The pagoda was commissioned by Ouchi Morimi (1377–1431), the head of the Ouchi clan, the rulers of modern-day Yamaguchi Prefecture between the mid-fourteenth and mid-sixteenth centuries."]
[10118,"山口県","やまぐち萩往還語り部の会","人物・人名・役職名","水墨風景画家","すいぼくふうけいがか","ink wash landscape painter","公園の入り口近くに、日本の最も卓越した水墨風景画家の1人である禅僧、雪舟（1420年–1506年）の記念碑があります。","Near the entrance of the park there is a monument of Sesshu (1420–1506), a Zen Buddhist priest who was one of Japan’s most prominent ink wash landscape painters. "]
[10119,"山口県","やまぐち萩往還語り部の会","史跡","萩往還","はぎおうかん","Hagi Okan highway","天花坂口坂は歴史街道萩往還のもっとも急な区間の始点です。","Tenge-sakaguchi is the beginning of the steepest section of the historic Hagi Okan highway. "]
[10120,"山口県","やまぐち萩往還語り部の会","その他","御籠建場","おかごたてば","okagotateba","六軒茶屋は、藩主とその従者が江戸を往復するときに利用する、指定の休憩場所（「御籠建場」）でした。","The Rokken-jaya became a designated rest area (okagotateba) for the lord and his entourage on journeys to and from Edo. ","※「okagotateba」は日本語の名称で英語ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[10121,"山口県","やまぐち萩往還語り部の会","人物・人名・役職名","大名","だいみょう","daimyo lord","大名やその家臣から武士、商人、人夫まで幅広く利用されました。","It was used by everyone, from daimyo lords and their retainers to samurai, merchants, and laborers. "]
[10122,"山口県","やまぐち萩往還語り部の会","時代・歴史組織・団体","明王朝の使者","みんおうちょうのししゃ","Ming dynasty emissary","岩の前の記念碑には、京の都に向かう途中でこの地域を訪れた明王朝の使者が 14 世紀に詠んだ詩が刻まれた銘板が掲げられています。","A monument in front of the formation displays a plaque engraved with a poem composed in the fourteenth century by a Ming dynasty emissary who visited the area en route to the capital in Kyoto."]
[10123,"山口県","やまぐち萩往還語り部の会","史跡","高札場","こうさつば","kosatsuba","これらの交差点では高札場と呼ばれる掲示板に、告示、地域法規、指名手配者通知などの公告が掲示されていました。","Official notices, including announcements, laws, and wanted person notifications were posted on a noticeboard called a kosatsuba at these crossroads.","※「kosatsuba」は日本語の名称で英語ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[10124,"山口県","やまぐち萩往還語り部の会","時代・歴史組織・団体","隠れキリシタン","かくれきりしたん","Hidden Christians","隠れキリシタンの絵が描かれた仏教風の石灯籠などの工芸品は宗教が非合法化された後、孤立したコミュニティで秘密裏に信仰を維持した隠れキリシタンの生活について説明しています。","Artifacts including Buddhist-style stone lanterns with concealed Christian imagery offer insights into the lives of Hidden Christians (kakure kirishitan) who maintained their faith in secrecy in isolated communities after the religion was outlawed."]
[10125,"山口県","やまぐち萩往還語り部の会","食","抹茶","まっちゃ","matcha","土日祝日には本堂横の茶室で抹茶を提供することもあります。","On weekends and holidays, matcha is sometimes served in the teahouse beside the Main Hall. "]
[10126,"山口県","やまぐち萩往還語り部の会","時代・歴史組織・団体","明治維新","めいじいしん","Meiji Restoration ","長州藩（現在の山口県）出身の大名、武士、反幕府活動家は、1868年の明治維新を進めていました。","Daimyo, samurai, and anti-shogunate activists from the Choshu domain (modern-day Yamaguchi Prefecture) were instrumental in bringing about the Meiji Restoration of 1868."]
[10127,"山口県","やまぐち萩往還語り部の会","神社・寺院・神仏等","薬師如来","やくしにょらい","Yakushi Nyorai","そこで、池の底を掘り起こしてみると源泉が湧き出て、薬と癒しの仏陀である薬師如来の像が現れました。","They dug into the bed of the pond to reveal a hot spring source and a statue of Yakushi Nyorai, the Buddha of healing and medicine."]
[10128,"福岡県","「西の都」日本遺産活性化協議会","人物・人名・役職名","大伴旅人","おおとものたびと","Ōtomo no Tabito","大宰権帥の一人であった大伴旅人（665-731）は、梅の宴を催し、現在の日本の年号「令和」の由来となった歌を詠んだ。","One of Dazaifu’s provisional governors-general, Ōtomo no Tabito (665–731), held a plum-blossom party that produced the poem from which the current Japanese era name—Reiwa—is drawn.","※人名（大伴旅人）固有名詞であるため、「Ōtomo」と「Tabito」の頭文字を大文字にする。「no」はノビリアリー・パーティクルと呼ばれる不変化詞であるため、小文字で表記。\n※「no」なしの表記も可能。\n※マクロン（長音符号）が使われている場合は「大」の「o」の上に横棒をつける。"]
[10129,"福岡県","「西の都」日本遺産活性化協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","太宰府天満宮","だざいふてんまんぐう","Dazaifu Tenmangū Shrine","太宰府天満宮は（中略）学問、文化、芸術の祭神である天神様を祀る、全国1万社以上の神社の総本社である。","Dazaifu Tenmangū Shrine is...the head shrine of more than 10,000 across the country dedicated to Tenjin, the deity of learning, culture, and the arts.","※固有名詞であるため、頭文字を大文字にする。\n※省略は、「Dazaifu Tenmangū」にする。\n※マクロン（長音符号）が使われている場合は「gu」の「u」の上に横棒をつける。"]
[10130,"福岡県","「西の都」日本遺産活性化協議会","人物・人名・役職名","菅原道真","みちざねのすがわら","Sugawara Michizane","菅原道真（845-903）は伝説的な学者でも詩人でも政治家でもあり、太宰府天満宮に学問・文化・芸術の神様である天神として祀られている。","Sugawara Michizane (845–903)...was a celebrated poet and administrator who was later deified as Tenjin, the Shinto deity of learning, culture, and the arts.","※固有名詞（人名）であるため、頭文字を大文字にする。\n※一般的な表記は「Sugawara no Michizane」だが、地域のリクエストに応じて「no」を省かせていただいた。"]
[10131,"福岡県","「西の都」日本遺産活性化協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","国境儀礼","こっきょうぎれい","border rituals","宝満山は奈良時代（710〜794年）、国土を精神的に定義し、守ることを目的とした国境儀礼の場であったと考えられている。","Mt. Hōman is thought to have been a site for Nara-period (710–794) border rituals—ceremonies intended to spiritually delineate and safeguard the realm. ","※初回のみ「ceremonies intended to spiritually delineate and safeguard the realm」並びの説明を加える。"]
[10132,"福岡県","「西の都」日本遺産活性化協議会","人物・人名・役職名","天神","てんじん","Tenjin","菅原道真（845-903）は伝説的な学者でも詩人でも政治家でもあり、太宰府天満宮に学問・文化・芸術の神様である天神として祀られている。","Sugawara Michizane (845–903), a renowned scholar, poet, and administrator, is enshrined at Dazaifu Tenmangū Shrine as Tenjin, the Shinto deity of learning, culture, and the arts. "]
[10133,"福岡県","「西の都」日本遺産活性化協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","神輿","みこし","a mikoshi (ornate portable shrine)","天神様の御霊を豪華な神輿に移す儀式が行われる。","Tenjin’s spirit is ritually transferred into an ornate portable shrine called a mikoshi.","※「mikoshi」は現状一般名詞ではないローマ字なので斜体で表記。\n※初回以降は、「the mikoshi」または「the portable shrine」とする。\n※複数形の場合は、「a mikoshi」の「a」を除くか、「ornate portable shrines」にする。"]
[10134,"福岡県","「西の都」日本遺産活性化協議会","建造物等","暗渠","あんきょ","culverts","水は池から暗渠を通って巨大な堤防の下に流れ込み、濠に注いでいた。","...water from the surrounding area was diverted to fill a series of artificial ponds; it flowed from the ponds through the culverts, beneath the massive embankment, and into the moat. "]
[10135,"福岡県","「西の都」日本遺産活性化協議会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","山城","やまじろ","mountain fortress","大野城は日本最古の山城である。","Ōnojō is the oldest known mountain fortress in Japan.","※「mountaintop fortification」という表記も可能。"]
[10136,"福岡県","「西の都」日本遺産活性化協議会","年中行事","観梅会","かんばいかい","plum-blossom viewing parties ","9世紀当時、梅を栽培し、観梅会を催すことは高尚な文化的営みであり、道真公はそれに深く傾倒していた。","In the ninth century, cultivating plum trees and hosting plum-blossom viewing parties were expressions of high culture, and Michizane was deeply devoted to them."]
[10137,"福岡県","「西の都」日本遺産活性化協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","仮殿","かりでん","temporary hall (kariden)","改修開始に先立って、天神様の御霊は本殿から一時的なお住まいである仮殿へと遷った。","To prepare for the start of construction work, the spirit of Tenjin was relocated from the main sanctuary to a temporary hall (kariden). ","※「kariden」（ローマ字）の記載は場合によって不要。ローマ字を記載する場合は、斜体で表記。\n※初回以降は、「the temporary hall」または「the kariden」とする。"]
[10138,"福岡県","「西の都」日本遺産活性化協議会","工芸・美術","博多人形","はかたにんぎょう","Hakata doll (hakata ningyō)","博多人形（はかたにんぎょう）とは、福岡の博多地区で作られる素焼きの人形である。","Hakata dolls (hakata ningyō) are unglazed ceramic dolls produced in the Hakata district of Fukuoka.","※「Hakata」（地名）は固有名詞であるため、頭文字を大文字にする。\n※「hakata ningyō」（ローマ字）の記載は場合によって不要。ローマ字を記載する場合は、斜体で表記。\n※マクロン（長音符号）が使われている場合は「gyo」の「o」の上に横棒をつける。\n※初回以降は、「Hakata dolls」にする。"]
[10139,"福岡県","「西の都」日本遺産活性化協議会","建造物等","土塁","どるい","rammed earth","大野城の城壁は、尾根に沿う部分には土塁が築かれたが、谷間には石垣が築かれた。","Where Ōnojō’s perimeter wall ran along ridgetops, it was built of rammed earth, but sections in the valleys were made of stone."]
[10140,"福岡県","「西の都」日本遺産活性化協議会","人物・人名・役職名","外国の高官","がいこくのこうかん","foreign dignitary","7世紀後半から、外国の高官や商人達は、東の帝都に向かう前に太宰府で受付された。","Beginning in the late seventh century, foreign dignitaries and merchants were received in Dazaifu before they traveled east to the imperial capital."]
[10141,"福岡県","「西の都」日本遺産活性化協議会","工芸・美術","須恵器","すえき","Sue ware","須恵器と呼ばれる非常に硬い灰色をした陶器を焼く技術は、5世紀に朝鮮半島からもたらされた。","Techniques for firing the extremely hard, ash-colored pottery known as Sue ware were brought from the Korean Peninsula in the fifth century. "]
[10142,"福岡県","「西の都」日本遺産活性化協議会","社会","律令制","りつりょうせい","the ritsuryō system","大宰府の役所は、律令制と呼ばれる広範な行政組織の一部として（中略）税を管理していた。律令制とは、7世紀半ばに中国唐代（618～907年）の厳格な統治制度を模倣して制定された一連の法律法規である。","The government offices at Dazaifu managed taxes...as a part of a wide-reaching administrative organization called the ritsuryō system: a series of legal codes implemented in the mid-seventh century in imitation of the rigorous political administration of Tang-dynasty China (618–907)."]
[10143,"福岡県","「西の都」日本遺産活性化協議会","書物","万葉集","まんようしゅう","the Man’yōshū","百世の恋の歌は、現存する日本最古の歌集である『万葉集』に収められている。","Momoyo’s love poem is included in the Man’yōshū, the oldest surviving collection of Japanese poetry.","※「Man’yōshū」は長編書物であるため、タイトルを斜体で表記。\n※「Manyo」を正しく発音できるため、「Man」と「yo」の間にアポストロフィー「’」は必要不可欠。\n※マクロン（長音符号）が使われている場合は「yo」の「o」と「shu」の「u」の上に横棒をつける。"]
[10144,"福岡県","「西の都」日本遺産活性化協議会","建造物等","古墳","こふん","kofun (ancient burial mounds)","これらの古墳は、6世紀後半から7世紀にかけてのものである。","These kofun, or ancient burial mounds, date to the latter sixth through seventh centuries. "]
[10145,"福岡県","「西の都」日本遺産活性化協議会","年中行事","迎え火","むかえび","mukaebi (“fires to welcome returning spirits”) ","式典の期間中、（中略）大門地区の住民は、山頂で「むかえび」と呼ばれる篝火を焚く。","During the festival, residents of the Daimon district...light bonfires called mukaebi (“fires to welcome returning spirits”) on the summit.","※直訳であることを表すため、「fires to welcome returning spirits」に引用符（\" \"）は必要不可欠。初回のみ記載する。"]
[10146,"福岡県","「西の都」日本遺産活性化協議会","自然現象","地層","ちそう","strata","何層にもなる土製の壁は地中に地層を残しており、その地層が露出して道路から容易に視認できる場所もある。","The layered-earth construction of the walls left strata in the soil, and in some places these layers are exposed and easily visible from the street.","※単数形の場合は、「stratum」にする。"]
[10147,"福岡県","「西の都」日本遺産活性化協議会","社会","西の都","にしのみやこ","“capital of the West” (nishi no miyako)","太宰府は「西の都」としての役割を全うし続けた。","Dazaifu persisted in its role as “capital of the West” (nishi no miyako)."]
[10148,"福岡県","「西の都」日本遺産活性化協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","縁結び","えんむすび","enmusubi","縁結びとは、一般的には恋愛や結婚を連想させるが、恋愛、友情、さらには仕事など、人と人との積極的なつながりを包括するものである。","Although usually associated with love and marriage, enmusubi encompasses all positive human connections in love, friendship, and even work."]
[10149,"福岡県","「西の都」日本遺産活性化協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","御帳","みとばり","a mitobari (the long curtain that demarcates the deity’s sacred space)","黒河内氏が手がけたのは、神様のいらっしゃる場所と人との空間を仕切る幕「御帳（みとばり）」と、装飾的な調度品として使われる2点の絹の間仕切り「几帳（きちょう）」である。","Kurogouchi created a mitobari (the long curtain that demarcates the deity’s sacred space) and two kichō (silk partitions used as decorative furnishings).","※「mitobari」は現状一般名詞ではないローマ字なので斜体で表記。\n※初回のみ「the long curtain that demarcates the deity’s sacred space」の説明を加える。\n※複数形の場合は、不定冠詞の「a」は不要。"]
[10150,"長崎県","大村市観光交流都市（まち）づくり推進協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","なぎなた","なぎなた","naginata","年長の子供たちが「なぎなた」を持ち、年少の子供たちが「小太刀」と呼ばれる短い刀を持つ。","The older youths carry a naginata polearm and the younger ones carry a short sword called a kodachi.","※「naginata」や「kodachi」は日本語の名称で英語ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[10151,"長崎県","大村市観光交流都市（まち）づくり推進協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","花輪","はなわ","floral garland","鼓の叩き手は、傘の骨のように扇形に広がっている大花輪を背中にぴったりと背負っている。","The drummers have towering floral garlands fixed to their backs that fan out like the ribs of a parasol."]
[10152,"長崎県","大村市観光交流都市（まち）づくり推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","家臣","かしん","retainer","本経寺には、一族や家臣と共に、大村家の歴代藩主13人の墓がある。","Honkyoji Temple contains the graves of 13 lords of Omura along with their family members and retainers."]
[10153,"長崎県","大村市観光交流都市（まち）づくり推進協議会","植物","日本花菖蒲","にほんはなしょうぶ","Japanese iris","晩春になると、玖島城の内堀に、171種もの日本花菖蒲（学名：Iris ensata）約300,000が咲き誇る。","In late spring, the inner moats of Kushima Castle bloom with around 300,000 irises of 171 different varieties of Japanese iris (Iris ensata). "]
[10154,"長崎県","大村市観光交流都市（まち）づくり推進協議会","植物","栽培品種","さいばいひんしゅ","cultivar group","これらの桜の木は、八重咲種であり、八重咲栽培品種であるサトザクラの突然変異とみなされる。","Both cherry trees have double-petaled blossoms, and are considered mutations of Sato-zakura, a double-petaled cultivar group of cherries."]
[10155,"長崎県","大村市観光交流都市（まち）づくり推進協議会","植物","萼片","がくへん","sepal","花は直径3～5センチほどで、それぞれの花は、葉のような10個の萼片で守られている。","The flowers range from 3 to 5 centimeters in diameter, and each bloom is protected by ten leaf-like sepals."]
[10156,"長崎県","大村市観光交流都市（まち）づくり推進協議会","その他","変異","へんい","anomaly","植物学者兼教師である外山三郎（1902–1986）が大村神社の境内で八重咲栽培品種であるサトザクラの花を見ているときに、そのうちの1本の木についた花の中に、変異だと思われるものに気付いた。","Toyama Saburo (1902–1986), a botanist and schoolteacher was looking at the double-petaled Sato-zakura cultivars on the grounds of Omura Shrine when he noticed what he assumed to be an anomaly in the flowers of one of the trees."]
[10157,"長崎県","大村市観光交流都市（まち）づくり推進協議会","植物","クシマザクラ","くしまざくら","Kushima-zakura","クシマザクラ（学名：Cerasus serrulata ‘Kusimana’）は、1947年に大村神社の境内で見つかった。","The Kushima-zakura (Cerasus serrulata ‘Kusimana’) tree was discovered on the grounds of Omura Shrine in 1947. It is a variety of Sato-zakura, a double-petaled cultivar group of cherries."]
[10158,"長崎県","大村市観光交流都市（まち）づくり推進協議会","自然現象","硝石","しょうせき","saltpeter","御船蔵の裏の高くなっているところに、米蔵と、火薬を作るための硝石を調合する施設が建っていた。","A rice storehouse and a facility for preparing saltpeter for gunpowder stood on an elevated plateau behind the docks."]
[10159,"長崎県","大村市観光交流都市（まち）づくり推進協議会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","望楼","ぼうろう","watchtower","玖島城は、海につながる、一続きになったお堀で守られており、石でできた大きな壁や木でできた望楼があった。","The castle was protected by a series of moats connected to the sea, with substantial stone walls and wooden watchtowers."]
[10160,"長崎県","大村市観光交流都市（まち）づくり推進協議会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","扇勾配","おうぎのこうばい","ogi-no-kobai","玖島城の外側の防衛は、「扇勾配」として知られる造りにより、扇形に広がり、幅が広い土台を成した石の城壁によって強化された。","The outer defenses of Kushima Castle were strengthened with stone ramparts that fan out to form a wide base in a style known as ogi-no-kobai.","※「ogi-no-kobai」は日本語の名称で英語ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[10161,"長崎県","大村市観光交流都市（まち）づくり推進協議会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","本丸","ほんまる","main bailey","玖島城本丸は、建物群の北側の、本土に最も近いところにあり、家臣の住まいとした、壁で囲まれた2つの屋敷群により守られた。","The main bailey was on the north side of the castle complex, closest to the mainland, and was protected by two walled compounds with residences for the lord’s retainers. "]
[10162,"長崎県","大村市観光交流都市（まち）づくり推進協議会","建造物","襖","ふすま","sliding fusuma door","畳が敷き付けられた部屋は、襖で仕切られており、居宅の片側に沿って、囲まれたベランダ（縁側）があり、大村湾を背にして景色の良い庭の眺めを楽しむことができる。","Rooms with tatami flooring are separated by sliding fusuma doors, and an enclosed veranda runs along one side of the home, affording views of a landscaped garden with Omura Bay as the backdrop.","※「fusuma」は日本語の名称で英語ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[10163,"長崎県","大村市観光交流都市（まち）づくり推進協議会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","堀","ほり","moat","玖島城は、1599年に、防衛用の内堀と外堀を備え、築かれた。","Kushima Castle was constructed in 1599 with inner and outer defensive moats."]
[10164,"長崎県","大村市観光交流都市（まち）づくり推進協議会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","造園","ぞうえん","landscaping","長岡は、土木技師として働き始め、1878年に皇居のお堀の造園に携わった。","Nagaoka began work as a civil engineer, landscaping the moat of the Imperial Palace in 1878."]
[10165,"長崎県","大村市観光交流都市（まち）づくり推進協議会","その他","命令","めいれい","edict","しかしながら、喜前が大名になった後まもなくして、豊臣秀吉が、おそらく日本の政治・社会制度への脅威になるであろうと考えていたキリスト教の伝道を制限する命令を発した。","Shortly after Yoshiaki became daimyo, however, Toyotomi Hideyoshi issued an edict limiting the propagation of Christianity, which Hideyoshi likely perceived as a threat to the political and social institutions of Japan."]
[10166,"長崎県","大村市観光交流都市（まち）づくり推進協議会","その他","棒給","ほうきゅう","stipend","このような違反の罪を犯しているとみなされた武家は、その称号や棒給を失うこともあり得た。","Samurai families deemed guilty of such infractions could lose their titles and stipends."]
[10167,"長崎県","大村市観光交流都市（まち）づくり推進協議会","乗物","朱印船","しゅいんせん","shuinsen","浜田は、1620年代に長崎を拠点としていた武装商船である「朱印船」の船長であった。","Hamada was the captain of a shuinsen, an armed merchant ship based in Nagasaki in the 1620s.","※「shuinsen」は日本語の名称で英語ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[10168,"長崎県","大村市観光交流都市（まち）づくり推進協議会","芸能・興行・イベント","剣術","けんじゅつ","swordsmanship","歓之助は、現在の剣道の基礎となった、神道無念流剣術を修練した。","He practiced Shindo Munen-ryu swordsmanship, which became the basis for modern-day kendo."]
[10169,"長崎県","大村市観光交流都市（まち）づくり推進協議会","動物","アマミコゲラ","あまみこげら","Japanese pygmy woodpecker","南日本に特有のアマミコゲラ、アオバト、カササギ、メジロなどが、樹叢で避難場所を見つけている。樹叢は、自然な状態で保存されている。","Species that find shelter in the groves include the Japanese pygmy woodpecker, which is endemic to southern Japan, the Japanese green pigeon, the Eurasian magpie, and the warbling white-eye. The groves are preserved in their natural state."]
[10170,"長崎県","大村市観光交流都市（まち）づくり推進協議会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","櫓","やぐら","turret","玖島城の南側の城壁にある木でできた2階建ての櫓から、城のお堀と大村湾の眺めを楽しむことができる。","A two-story wooden turret on the southern rampart of Kushima Castle affords views of the castle’s moats and Omura Bay. "]
[10171,"長崎県","大村市観光交流都市（まち）づくり推進協議会","動物","ヒヨドリ","ひよどり","brown-eared bulbul","寒い時期には、大村公園は、ヒヨドリ、晩秋に北海道から南に飛んでいく灰色の羽の鳴禽類などの種の住処となっている。","In the colder months, the park is home to species such as the brown-eared bulbul, a gray-feathered songbird that flies south from Hokkaido in late autumn."]
[10172,"長崎県","大村市観光交流都市（まち）づくり推進協議会","その他","朱色","しゅいろ","vermilion","朱色の鳥居のトンネルが、1480年から始まった玖嶋稲荷神社の入り口を示している。","A tunnel of vermilion torii gates marks the entrance to Kushima Inari Shrine, which dates from 1480."]
[10173,"長崎県","大村市観光交流都市（まち）づくり推進協議会","人物・人名・役職名","海賊","かいぞく","pirate","藤原は、伊予国（現在の愛媛県）の武人であり、伝説の海賊であった。","Fujiwara was a warrior of Iyo Province (modern-day Ehime Prefecture), and a legendary pirate. "]
[10174,"長崎県","大村市観光交流都市（まち）づくり推進協議会","食","蒲鉾","かまぼこ","kamaboko","大村寿司の上には、ピンクや緑色の「蒲鉾」（魚のすり身の一種）を薄く切ったものや、錦糸卵がのっていることが多い。","The sushi is often topped with slices of cured and steamed kamaboko (a type of fish paste) colored pink and green, and strips of thinly sliced omelet.","※「kamaboko」は日本語の名称で英語ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[10175,"長崎県","五島市観光資源整備協議会","人物・人名・役職名","隠れキリシタン","かくれくりしたん","\"hidden Christians\"","人里離れた岩だらけの海岸線は、17世紀から19世紀にかけてキリスト教が非合法化された際に地下に潜ることを余儀なくされた、いわゆる「隠れキリシタン」の隠れ家にもなった。","The remote and craggy coastlines of the islands also provided shelter for the so-called “hidden Christians,” who were forced underground when Christianity was outlawed during the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries.","\n※「Christians」は固有名詞であるため、頭文字を大文字にする。\n※直訳であることを表すため、初回のみ「hidden Christians」に引用符は必要不可欠。\n※単数形の場合は、「hidden Christian」にする。"]
[10176,"長崎県","五島市観光資源整備協議会","自然現象","溶岩洞窟","ようがんどうくつ","Lava tube","溶岩洞窟は、噴火した溶岩が流路の岩石を溶かしながら下山することで形成される。","Lava tubes are formed when erupting lava moves downhill, melting a channel into the rock as it flows."]
[10177,"長崎県","五島市観光資源整備協議会","自然現象","玄武岩","げんぶがん","basalt-rock","近くには、かつて高級家臣が住んでいた武家屋敷通りがあり、この地域の特徴である玄武岩の岩壁に囲まれている。","Nearby is a street of samurai residences that once housed the domain’s high-ranking retainers. The houses are surrounded by the area’s characteristic basalt-rock walls.","※「basalt」だけを記載する場合もある。"]
[10178,"長崎県","五島市観光資源整備協議会","その他","寄港地","きこうち","port of call","半島の先端にある柏崎岬は、かつて8世紀から9世紀にかけて、中国への危険な横断をした遣唐使船の最後の寄港地だった。","At the tip of the peninsula is Kashiwazaki Cape, which was once the last port of call for envoy ships that made the dangerous crossing to China in the eighth and ninth centuries."]
[10179,"長崎県","五島市観光資源整備協議会","工芸・美術","バラモン凧","ばらもんだこ","baramondako (the Goto Islands' traditional paper and bamboo kites)","強い海風が吹くこの場所は、バラモン凧と呼ばれる五島の伝統的な紙凧や竹凧を揚げるのに適した場所でもある。","The strong sea breezes here also make this a good place to fly the Goto Islands’ traditional paper and bamboo kites, called baramondako.","※「baramondako」は現状一般名詞ではないローマ字なので斜体で表記。\n※初回のみ「the Goto Islands' traditional paper and bamboo kites」並びの説明を加える。"]
[10180,"長崎県","五島市観光資源整備協議会","動物","ハチクマ","はちくま","crested honey buzzards ","また、ハチクマが中国大陸に渡る前の最後の目的地になるため、秋のバードウォッチングの絶好の場所でもある。","The lighthouse is also a prime location for autumn birdwatching, as crested honey buzzards make it their last stop before crossing over to mainland China."]
[10181,"長崎県","五島市観光資源整備協議会","自然現象","火砕流","かさいりゅう","pyroclastic flow","約1,600万年前、マグマが地層を押し上げ、激しい火砕流（灰や溶岩の固まりが固まったもの）が地表に達し、地形が劇的に変化した。","About 16 million years ago, magma pushed the landmass up and violent pyroclastic flows (scorching bursts of ash and solidified chunks of lava) reached the surface, dramatically changing the landscape. ","※「scorching bursts of ash and solidified chunks of lava」（注釈）の記載は場合によって不要。"]
[10182,"長崎県","五島市観光資源整備協議会","人物・人名・役職名","倭寇","わこう","marauders who raided settlements on the Korean and Chinese coasts (wako)","この交易の豊かさが海賊行為や、朝鮮半島や中国沿岸の集落を襲う倭寇と呼ばれる略奪者の台頭を引き寄せた。","This wealth of trade attracted pirates and led to the rise of marauders called wako, who raided settlements on the Korean and Chinese coasts.","※「wako」（ローマ字）の記載は場合によって不要。ローマ字を記載する場合は、斜体で表記。\n※マクロン（長音符号）が使われている場合は「wako」の「o」の上に横棒をつける。"]
[10183,"長崎県","五島市観光資源整備協議会","海岸・岬","対馬海流","つしまかいりゅう","Tsushima Current","対馬海流が南から流れ込み、五島の気候を暖め、熱帯の種が生息できるようにしている。","The Tsushima Current flows up from the south, warming the islands’ climate and enabling subtropical species to live here. ","※「Tsushima Current」は固有名詞であるため、頭文字を大文字にする。"]
[10184,"長崎県","五島市観光資源整備協議会","史跡","石垣","いしがき","dry stone walls (ishigaki)","モルタルなどの結合材を使わずに造られた石の壁を「石垣（いしがき）」と呼ぶ。","Dry stone walls (those built without a binding material, such as mortar) are called ishigaki in Japanese. ","※「ishigaki」（ローマ字）の記載は場合によって不要。ローマ字を記載する場合は、斜体で表記。\n※初回のみ「those built without a binding material, such as mortar」並びの説明を加える。"]
[10185,"長崎県","五島市観光資源整備協議会","その他","鯨漁","くじらりょう","whaling","現在では鯨漁は行われていないが、江戸時代（1603～1867年）には福江で鯨漁が盛んに行われ、島の社会的・文化的発展に影響を与えた。","Although no longer practiced, whaling was a booming industry in Fukue during the Edo period (1603–1867) and influenced the island’s social and cultural development."]
[10186,"長崎県","五島市観光資源整備協議会","植物","ヤブツバキ","やぶつばき","the common camellia (Camellia japonica)","五島で見られるツバキの主な品種は、ヤブツバキとして知られている。","Camellia japonica, or the common camellia, is the predominant variety of camellia found on the islands.","※文章を省略するため等の理由から、学名「Camellia japonica」を削除しても問題ないが、学名を使う場合は斜体で表記する。"]
[10187,"長崎県","五島市観光資源整備協議会","その他","円畑","まるはた","circular plot (maruhata)","畑の貴重な土壌を浸食から守るため、これらの地域の農家は、円形の区画(円畑)を低い石垣で囲み、土壌を保持しながら余分な水を排水できるようにしている。","To protect the fields’ valuable soil from erosion, farmers in these areas ring their circular plots (maruhata) with low stone borders that retain the soil while allowing excess water to drain. ","※「maruhata」（ローマ字）の記載は場合によって不要。ローマ字を記載する場合は、斜体で表記。\n※初回以降は、「circular plots」または「maruhata」とする。"]
[10188,"長崎県","五島市観光資源整備協議会","社会","自給自足","じきゅうじそく","self-sustainability","歴史的に見ても、不漁や災害で他の離島の村人が島を離れても五島に人が住み続けた理由のひとつは、この自給自足にある。","Historically, this self-sustainability is one reason the Goto Islands remained inhabited even when poor catches or disasters drove the villagers of other outlying islands to abandon them."]
[10189,"長崎県","五島市観光資源整備協議会","年中行事","念仏踊り","ねんぶつおどり","nenbutsu odori","日本各地の夏祭りでは、念仏踊りが行われる。念仏踊りは、踊り、音楽、阿弥陀仏の呼び名を組み合わせた仏教の修行法である。","Across Japan, many summer festivals include groups performing the nenbutsu odori, a Buddhist practice combining ritual dance, music, and the invocation of Amida Buddha’s name. ","※初回のみ「a Buddhist practice combining ritual dance, music, and the invocation of Amida Buddha’s name」並びの説明を加える。"]
[10190,"長崎県","五島市観光資源整備協議会","湖沼","地下貯水池","ちかちょすいち","subterranean reservoir","この地下貯水池は（中略）珍しい洞窟生物にニッチな生態系を提供している。","This subterranean reservoir provides a niche ecosystem for rare cave creatures."]
[10191,"長崎県","五島市観光資源整備協議会","山岳","単成火山群","たんせいかざんぐん","monogenetic volcano field","鬼岳火山群は「単成火山群」と呼ばれ、比較的小さな火山が一度だけ噴火し、同じマグマ源を共有している。","They are a monogenetic volcano field, the name for a group of comparatively small volcanoes that share the same magma source and each erupt only once."]
[10192,"長崎県","五島市観光資源整備協議会","人物・人名・役職名","渡辺綱","わたなべのつな","Watanabe no Tsuna","このバラモン武者は渡辺綱（953-1025）と言われており、芸術や民間伝承の中で鬼を退治した英雄として称えられている。","The warrior seen on the kites is said to be Watanabe no Tsuna (953–1025), a hero celebrated in art and folklore for defeating demons.","※人名（渡辺綱）固有名詞であるため、「Watanabe」と「Tsuna」の頭文字を大文字にする。「no」はノビリアリー・パーティクルと呼ばれる不変化詞であるため、小文字で表記。\n※「no」なしの表記も可能。"]
[10193,"長崎県","五島市観光資源整備協議会","海岸・岬","岬","みさき","promontory","7世紀から8世紀にかけて中国へ渡った使節にとって、この岬は東シナ海を渡る際に最後に日本を見る場所だった。","For envoys traveling to China in the seventh and eighth centuries, this promontory was the last of Japan they saw before crossing the East China Sea."]
[10194,"長崎県","五島市観光資源整備協議会","海岸・岬","白良ヶ浜砂丘","しららがはまさきゅう","Shiraragahama Sand Dunes","白良ヶ浜砂丘は、移り変わりの激しい生態系である。","The Shiraragahama Sand Dunes are an ecosystem in transition."]
[10195,"長崎県","五島市観光資源整備協議会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","海城","うみじょう","“sea castles” (umijo)","福江城は（中略）日本に数少ない「海城」（海に面して築かれ、海上交通の統制や防御を目的とした城）のひとつである。","Fukue Castle...is one of Japan’s few “sea castles” (umijo)—castles built facing the sea that were intended to control sea traffic or defend against a waterborne assault.","※直訳であることを表すため、「sea castles」に引用符（\" \"）は必要不可欠。\n※「umijo」はローマ字であるため、斜体で表記する必要がある。初回以降は記載不要。\n※マクロン（長音符号）が使われている場合は「jo」の「o」の上に横棒をつける。"]
[10196,"長崎県","五島市観光資源整備協議会","年中行事","神楽","かぐら","kagura (shrine dancing)","この古社は、原生林に囲まれ、福江最大級の神楽が奉納される。","...this ancient Shinto shrine is surrounded by a protected primeval forest and hosts one of the largest performances of kagura (shrine dancing) on Fukue.","※初回以降は、「kagura」にする。"]
[10197,"長崎県","五島市観光資源整備協議会","海岸・岬","鐙瀬海岸","あぶんぜかいがん","Abunze coast","鐙瀬海岸のドラマチックな火山景観に近接するこのビジターセンターでは、五島列島の地質、生態、文化に関する幅広い展示を多言語で行っている。","This visitors’ center stands in close proximity to the dramatic volcanic scenery of the Abunze coast, and it offers extensive multilingual displays about the geology, ecology, and culture of the Goto Islands."]
[10198,"長崎県","五島市観光資源整備協議会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","天守閣","てんしゅかく","castle keep","五島列島の歴史と文化を紹介する3階建ての博物館は、福江城の城壁内にあり、天守閣を現代風に復元した建物内にある。","This three-story museum is located within the walls of Fukue Castle and is housed in a modern reconstruction of the castle keep."]
[10199,"長崎県","五島市観光資源整備協議会","その他","遣唐使船","けんとうしせん","envoy ships that traveled to Tang China","一角には、7世紀から9世紀にかけて唐に渡った遣唐使船に関する展示があり、大きな船のレプリカもある。","One corner contains a large ship replica and other displays describing the envoy ships that traveled to Tang China in the seventh through ninth centuries."]
[10200,"長崎県","五島市観光資源整備協議会","動物","鯛","たい","sea bream","観音様の籠の中の魚は大きな鯛で、日本文化における吉祥のシンボルであり、五島で最も人気のある魚のひとつでもある。","...the fish in Kannon’s basket is a large sea bream (tai), both an auspicious symbol in Japanese culture and one of the most sought-after fish in the Goto Islands."]
[10201,"熊本県","山鹿市観光推進協議会","建造物","花道","はなみち","hanamichi","役者が舞台と舞台裏の間を移動する際の「花道」、劇中の入場のための観客近くのせり上がる演壇である「スッポン」などが八千代座の物理的特徴としてあげられる。","The physical features of Yachiyoza include a hanamichi, a walkway that allows actors to move between the stage and the back of the theater, and a suppon, a raisable platform for dramatic entrances near the audience.","※「hanamichi」は日本語の名称で英語ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[10202,"熊本県","山鹿市観光推進協議会","工芸・美術","和紙","わし","washi","その内樹皮が「和紙」（伝統的な手漉き紙）の生産に使用されるカジノキがこの地域で栽培されていたことから、山鹿では紙製の提灯作りが盛んになった。","The craft of making paper lanterns flourished in Yamaga due to the area’s cultivation of paper mulberry plants, whose inner bark is used in the production of washi (traditional handmade paper).","※「washi」は日本語の名称で英語ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[10203,"熊本県","山鹿市観光推進協議会","その他","石碑","せきひ","stone monument","また、天照大御神の孫である猿田彦大神を祀る石碑が数十ある。","There are also dozens of stone monuments that enshrine the deity Sarutahiko Okami, the grandson of the sun goddess Amaterasu."]
[10204,"熊本県","山鹿市観光推進協議会","食","お茶屋","おちゃや","ochaya","江戸時代（1603–1867）の「お茶屋」は、支配階級のみにサービス提供を行う一種の娯楽施設・場所であった。","Ochaya in the Edo period (1603–1867) were a type of leisure facility and lodging that catered exclusively to the ruling class.","※「ochaya」は日本語の名称で英語ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[10205,"熊本県","山鹿市観光推進協議会","その他","一行","いっこう","retinue","言い伝えによると、景行天皇の一行が菊池川沿いを進んでいるときに困っていると、景行天皇を助けようと山鹿の村民が松明を掲げた。","According to legend, when the emperor’s retinue was having difficulty traveling along the Kikuchi River, the villagers of Yamaga brought torches to aid his passage."]
[10206,"熊本県","山鹿市観光推進協議会","自然現象","酸化鉄","さんかてつ","iron oxide","赤色には、酸化鉄が豊富な焼土が使われており、白色と黒色には、粘土とマンガンが使われている。","The red color was applied using burnt soil rich in iron oxide, while clay and manganese were used for the white and black colors."]
[10207,"熊本県","山鹿市観光推進協議会","城跡・城郭・宮殿","要塞","ようさい","fortress","7世紀を始まりとする山頂の要塞である鞠智城跡地に、楼、倉、その他の建物が復元されている。","Towers, storehouses, and other buildings have been reconstructed on the former site of Kikuchi Castle, a mountaintop fortress dating to the seventh century."]
[10208,"熊本県","山鹿市観光推進協議会","建造物","歴史的建造物","れきしてきけんぞうぶつ","landmark","豊前街道沿いには、公衆浴場さくら湯、山鹿灯籠民芸館、八千代座など地元の主要な歴史的建造物が立ち並んでいる。","Major local landmarks including the bathhouse Sakura-yu, the Yamaga Lantern Folk Art Museum, and the Yachiyoza Theater are located along its route."]
[10209,"熊本県","山鹿市観光推進協議会","食","馬刺し","ばさし","basashi","ここにある施設のいくつかは、郷土料理の「馬刺し」（薄く切った生の馬肉）を提供している。","Some of the establishments here serve the local delicacy of basashi (thinly sliced raw horse meat).","※「basashi」は日本語の名称で英語ではないので斜体で表記。"]
[10210,"熊本県","山鹿市観光推進協議会","岩石・洞窟","石柱","せきちゅう","monolith","蒲生山（389メートル）の異なる標高に3つの石柱がそびえ立っており、周囲の田園地帯から非常に印象的な情景を見ることができる。","Three monoliths stand at different elevations on Mt. Kamou (389 m), forming an impressive tableau that can be seen from the surrounding countryside."]
[10211,"熊本県","山鹿市観光推進協議会","神社・寺院・神仏等","悟り","さとり","enlightenment","この文脈における金剛乗寺の名称は、仏教信仰を通じて、悟りを開くことを示唆している。","The name of Kongojoji Temple in this context suggests attaining enlightenment through Buddhist devotion."]
[10212,"熊本県","山鹿市観光推進協議会","その他","儀式上の目的","ぎしきじょうのもくてき","ritualistic purpose","例えば、多くの墓は、儀式上の目的のためであったであろう円形または鏡の様なデザインを特徴としている。","Many tombs, for example, feature circular or mirror-like designs that may have served ritualistic purposes."]
[10213,"熊本県","菊池市","芸能・興行・イベント","松囃子","まつばやし","Matsubayashi","菊池の松囃子は、菊池一族の歴史における重要な出来事に遡る、600年以上の伝統を持つ芸能である。","Kikuchi Matsubayashi is a performing art tradition that dates back more than six centuries, to a pivotal event in the Kikuchi warrior clan’s history."]
[10214,"熊本県","菊池市","植物","ムク","むく","muku tree (Aphananthe aspera)","将軍木は樹齢600年を超えるムクの巨木である。","The Shogun Tree is a giant muku tree (Aphananthe aspera) that is more than 600 years old."]
[10215,"熊本県","菊池市","神社・寺院・神仏等","菊池五山","きくちござん","Kikuchi Gozan","城下町の隈府（現在の菊池市中心部）を本拠とした武光の改革には、隈府にある5つの禅寺を一族の保護下に置く「菊池五山」制度の創設が含まれる。","At home in the castle town of Waifu (now central Kikuchi), Takemitsu’s reforms included creating the Kikuchi Gozan (Five Temples) system by placing five Zen temples in Waifu under his clan’s protection."]
[10216,"熊本県","菊池市","時代・歴史組織・団体","南朝","なんちょう","Southern Court","菊池氏は後醍醐に忠誠を誓い、南朝は武士が支持する北朝に対抗したが、北朝軍との数度の戦いで敗れた。","The Kikuchi remained loyal to Godaigo, whose Southern Court was opposed by the warrior-backed Northern Court, but were defeated in several battles against the Northern forces."]
[10217,"熊本県","菊池市","社会","蒙古襲来","もうこしゅうらい","Mongol invasions of Japan","円通寺は、1274年と1281年の蒙古襲来を撃退したことで知られる英雄、菊池武房（1245-1285）の時代に大切な寺院に成長した。","Entsuji grew into a major temple during the time of Kikuchi Takefusa (1245–1285), a heroic figure known for his role in repelling the Mongol invasions of Japan in 1274 and 1281."]
[10218,"熊本県","菊池市","社会","五山制度","ござんせいど","Gozan system","五山制度では、東西南北を代表する寺院が1つずつあり、中央の寺院とともに五山を構成していた。","In the Gozan system, each temple was associated with a cardinal direction: north, south, east and west, with a central temple completing the group."]
[10219,"熊本県","菊池市","神社・寺院・神仏等","千手観音","せんじゅかんのん","Thousand-Armed Kannon","東福寺の本尊は千手観音像である。","The temple’s principal object of worship is a statue of the Thousand-Armed Kannon."]
[10220,"熊本県","菊池市","建造物等","五輪塔","ごりんとう","gorinto","これは五輪塔で、宇宙を構成する五大元素を象徴する五つの部分からなる塔のことである。","The memorial is a gorinto, a five-part structure in which each differently shaped part symbolizes one of the five elements that are believed to constitute the universe."]
[10221,"熊本県","菊池市","社会","荘園","しょうえん","agricultural estate (shoen)","則隆は現在の菊池地方に到着し、宮廷が所有する農地「荘園」を監督することになったと考えられる。","Noritaka arrived in what is now the Kikuchi district, possibly to oversee an agricultural estate (shoen) owned by the court."]
[10222,"熊本県","菊池市","神社・寺院・神仏等","安国寺","あんこくじ","“temple for the Peace of the Country” (Ankokuji)","1339年、尊氏は自らの支配を確実なものとした上で、すべての国に安国寺を建立するよう命じた。","In 1339, with his rule secure, Takauji ordered a “temple for the Peace of the Country” (Ankokuji) to be built in every province.","※「安国寺」という名称を解説する際に利用できる用語（説明）として。"]
[10223,"熊本県","菊池市","建造物等","亀趺","きふ","kifu","現在の墓石は、江戸時代（1603年～1867年）のある時期に、中国神話で縁起が良いとされた亀と蛇の形をした亀趺（きふ）の台座の上に立てられたものである。","The current headstone was erected at some point during the Edo period (1603–1867), on a base in the shape of a kifu, a Chinese mythological creature with the features of a turtle and a snake that was considered auspicious."]
[10224,"熊本県","菊池市","書物","碧巌録","へきがんろく","Blue Cliff Record","為邦は重朝に代わって当主を退き、当時日本の禅学者の間で特に大きな影響力を持っていた中国の禅宗書『碧巌録』の研究に専念した。","Tamekuni retired as clan leader in favor of Shigetomo and dedicated himself to studying the Blue Cliff Record, a Chinese Chan (Zen) Buddhist text that was particularly influential among Japanese Zen scholars at the time."]
[10225,"熊本県","菊池市","神社・寺院・神仏等","殿鐘","でんしょう","densho","1496年に鋳造されたこの鐘は、現在、礼拝のお知らせや祈祷の合図のためなどに鳴らされる「殿鐘」として使われている。","Cast in 1496, it is presently used as a densho, a bell rung to announce worship services and during prayer."]
[10226,"熊本県","菊池市","神社・寺院・神仏等","羅漢","らかん","rakan (arhat)","本堂の中央祭壇を囲む壁には、悟りを開いた16体の羅漢像が安置されている。","In the main hall, along the walls around the central altar sit 16 statues of rakan (arhats), or Buddhist devotees who have attained spiritual enlightenment."]
[10227,"熊本県","菊池市","社会","家老","かろう","retainer family","隈部氏は菊池氏の三大家老の一人であった。","The Kumabe were one of the Kikuchi clan’s three main retainer families."]
[10228,"熊本県","菊池市","神社・寺院・神仏等","学問の神様","がくもんのかみさま","patron of scholarship","この神社にも似た建物は忠直を学問の神様として祀っている。","This shrine-like structure honors Tadanobu as a patron of scholarship."]
[10229,"熊本県","菊池市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","中世城郭","ちゅうせじょうかく","medieval fortress","菊池市中心部の南西に位置する丘の上の亀尾城は、菊池氏が城下町・隈府を守るために築いた十数か所の中世城郭のひとつだった。","The hilltop Kameo Fort southwest of central Kikuchi was one of more than a dozen medieval fortresses built by the Kikuchi clan to protect the castle town of Waifu.","※中世の「城」を「castle」と表記するより、こちらの表現が的確であることが多い。"]
[10230,"熊本県","菊池市","城跡・城郭・宮殿","本丸","ほんまる","main compound","空堀の一部と城の本丸があったと思われる区画が復元された。","Part of a dry moat and the site where the main compound once stood have been reconstructed."]
[10231,"熊本県","菊池市","神社・寺院・神仏等","公案","こうあん","koan","当時日本の禅学者の間で特に大きな影響力を持っていた公案（物語、問答、質問）の語録。","A collection of koan (stories, statements, and questions) that was particularly influential among Japanese Zen scholars at the time. "]
[10232,"熊本県","菊池市","時代・歴史組織・団体","武士集団","ぶししゅうだん","samurai group","菊池一族は、日本の中世を通じて九州で重要な政治的役割を果たした有力な武士集団である。","The Kikuchi clan was an influential samurai group that played a prominent political role in Kyushu throughout Japan’s medieval period."]
[10233,"熊本県","菊池市","人物・人名・役職名","守護","しゅご","governor (shugo)","勝利した天皇は菊池氏の忠誠に報いるため、武重を肥後国守護とした。","The victorious emperor rewarded the Kikuchi for their loyal service by making Takeshige governor (shugo) of Higo Province."]
[10234,"熊本県","菊池市","社会","皇位","こうい","court title","明治天皇（1852～1912年）の新政府は14世紀の南朝の天皇が皇位の正当な保持者であるとした。","The new government under Emperor Meiji (1852–1912) maintained that the emperors of the fourteenth-century Southern Court had been the legitimate holders of the court titles."]
[10235,"熊本県","菊池市","人物・人名・役職名","懐良親王","かねながしんのう","Prince Kanenaga","後醍醐天皇は、九州の支持者を天下奪還の鍵と考え、幼い皇子、懐良（かねなが）親王（1329-1383、菊池以外では「かねよし」と呼ばれる）を九州に派遣した。","Emperor Godaigo viewed his supporters in Kyushu as key to retaking the country, and sent his young son, Prince Kanenaga (1329–1383; known as Kaneyoshi outside of Kikuchi), to the island.","※菊池以外では当人物の名前を「かねよし」と読む。"]
[10236,"熊本県","菊池市","郷土景観","井手","いで","ide irrigation canal","東福寺は、菊池市中心部の東に位置する丘の中腹から、築地（ついじ）井手を見渡し、遠くに菊池川を望む。","Tofukuji Temple looks out over the Tsuiji Ide irrigation canal and toward the Kikuchi River in the distance from a hillside perch just east of central Kikuchi."]
[10237,"熊本県","菊池市","神社・寺院・神仏等","菩提寺","ぼだいじ","ancestral temple","東福寺は菊池氏の菩提寺のひとつで、墓地には数人の同族の墓がある。","Tofukuji was one of the Kikuchi clan’s ancestral temples, and its cemetery contains the tombs of several clan members."]
[10238,"熊本県","阿蘇カルデラツーリズム推進協議会（多言語解説整備部会）","神社・寺院・神仏等","阿蘇神社","あそじんじゃ","Aso Shrine","阿蘇神社は紀元前281年に創建されたと考えられています。","Aso Shrine is believed to have been founded in 281 BCE. "]
[10239,"熊本県","阿蘇カルデラツーリズム推進協議会（多言語解説整備部会）","神社・寺院・神仏等","下宮","げぐう"," lower shrine (gegu)","下宮（the lower shrine）はカルデラ底に広がる阿蘇市にあり、阿蘇山上神社（文字通り、「阿蘇山の上の神社」という意味）という正式名称を持つ上宮（the upper shrine）は、阿蘇山頂付近、噴火口からほんの百メートルちょっと下方に鎮座しています。","The lower shrine (gegu) is in the city of Aso on the caldera floor, while the upper shrine (jogu), officially named Asosanjo Jinja (literally, “Aso Mountaintop Shrine”), sits near the summit of Mt. Aso, a little more than a hundred meters below the volcanic crater."]
[10240,"熊本県","阿蘇カルデラツーリズム推進協議会（多言語解説整備部会）","神社・寺院・神仏等","上宮","じょうぐう","upper shrine (jogu)","下宮（the lower shrine）はカルデラ底に広がる阿蘇市にあり、阿蘇山上神社（文字通り、「阿蘇山の上の神社」という意味）という正式名称を持つ上宮（the upper shrine）は、阿蘇山頂付近、噴火口からほんの百メートルちょっと下方に鎮座しています。","The lower shrine (gegu) is in the city of Aso on the caldera floor, while the upper shrine (jogu), officially named Asosanjo Jinja (literally, “Aso Mountaintop Shrine”), sits near the summit of Mt. Aso, a little more than a hundred meters below the volcanic crater."]
[10241,"熊本県","阿蘇カルデラツーリズム推進協議会（多言語解説整備部会）","人物・人名・役職名","健磐龍命","たけいわたつのみこと","Takeiwatatsu no Mikoto","その十二柱のうち、特に重要な三柱は、健磐龍命、その妻阿蘇都比咩命、そして彼らの孫の彦御子神です。","Of the 12, three are of particular importance: Takeiwatatsu no Mikoto, his wife Asotsuhime no Mikoto, and their grandchild Hikomiko no Kami."]
[10242,"熊本県","阿蘇カルデラツーリズム推進協議会（多言語解説整備部会）","人物・人名・役職名","阿蘇都比咩命","あそつひめのみこと","Asotsuhime no Mikoto","その十二柱のうち、特に重要な三柱は、健磐龍命、その妻阿蘇都比咩命、そして彼らの孫の彦御子神です。","Of the 12, three are of particular importance: Takeiwatatsu no Mikoto, his wife Asotsuhime no Mikoto, and their grandchild Hikomiko no Kami."]
[10243,"熊本県","阿蘇カルデラツーリズム推進協議会（多言語解説整備部会）","人物・人名・役職名","彦御子神","ひこみこのかみ","Hikomiko no Kami","その十二柱のうち、特に重要な三柱は、健磐龍命、その妻阿蘇都比咩命、そして彼らの孫の彦御子神です。","Of the 12, three are of particular importance: Takeiwatatsu no Mikoto, his wife Asotsuhime no Mikoto, and their grandchild Hikomiko no Kami."]
[10244,"熊本県","阿蘇カルデラツーリズム推進協議会（多言語解説整備部会）","年中行事","火口鎮祭","かこうちんさい","crater-calming ritual (kako chinsai)","毎年6月上旬、阿蘇神社の神職たちは「火口鎮祭」を執り行います。","Every year in early June, priests from Aso Shrine conduct a “crater-calming ritual” (kako chinsai). "]
[10245,"熊本県","阿蘇カルデラツーリズム推進協議会（多言語解説整備部会）","年中行事","火振り神事","ひふりしんじ","“fire-swinging” festival (Hifuri-Shinji) ","阿蘇神社が3月に開催する「火振り神事」では、茅の松明を振り回し、この神社の十二祭神の一柱とその妻（地域の別の神社から持ってこられたご神木の枝で表されます）との結婚を祝います。","The shrine holds a “fire-swinging” festival (Hifuri-Shinji) in March, when torches made of reeds are swung around to celebrate the marriage of one of the shrine’s 12 deities to his wife (who is represented by the branches of a sacred tree brought from another local shrine). "]
[10246,"熊本県","阿蘇カルデラツーリズム推進協議会（多言語解説整備部会）","年中行事","おんだ祭り","おんだまつり","Onda Festival","7月末に行われるおんだ祭りも、豊穣祈願の祭礼です。","The Onda Festival at the end of July is also dedicated to prayer for a good harvest. "]
[10247,"熊本県","阿蘇カルデラツーリズム推進協議会（多言語解説整備部会）","年中行事","田実祭","たのみさい","festival of the fruit of the field”(Tanomi-sai)","9月下旬には、米の収穫を祝う「田実祭（田の実りの祭り）」が行われます。","In late September, the “festival of the fruit of the field” (Tanomi-sai) is held to celebrate the rice harvest."]
[10248,"熊本県","阿蘇カルデラツーリズム推進協議会（多言語解説整備部会）","神社・寺院・神仏等","阿蘇山上神社","あそさんじょうじんじゃ","Aso Mountaintop Shrine","上宮の正式名称は、阿蘇山上神社です。","The official name of this upper shrine is Asosanjo Jinja, literally “Aso Mountaintop Shrine.” "]
[10249,"熊本県","阿蘇カルデラツーリズム推進協議会（多言語解説整備部会）","神社・寺院・神仏等","西巌殿寺","さいがんでんじ","Saigandenji Temple","約1300年の歴史を持つ西巌殿寺は、九州で最も古い寺のひとつです。","Saigandenji Temple, with around 1,300 years of history, is one of the oldest temples in Kyushu. "]
[10250,"熊本県","阿蘇カルデラツーリズム推進協議会（多言語解説整備部会）","神社・寺院・神仏等","十一面観音","じゅういちめんかんのん","Eleven-faced Kannon","現在も、阿蘇市内にある西巌殿寺の本院の住職は毎朝山を登ってここを訪れ、一般に「慈悲の女神」として知られる十一面観音のために鼓を打ちお経を上げています。","Even now, every morning, the chief priest of the main temple of Saigandenji in the city of Aso ascends the mountain to beat the drum and chant sutras for the Buddhist bodhisattva known as the Eleven-faced Kannon. "]
[10251,"熊本県","阿蘇カルデラツーリズム推進協議会（多言語解説整備部会）","年中行事","火渡り神事","ひわたりしんじ"," fire walking (hiwatari-shinji)","阿蘇山麓の西巌殿寺本院に残るユニークな儀式のひとつが、火渡り神事です。","One unique ritual that survives at the main Saigandenji branch down at the base of Mt. Aso is fire walking (hiwatari-shinji)."]
[10252,"熊本県","阿蘇カルデラツーリズム推進協議会（多言語解説整備部会）","建造物等","写経ケ橋","しゃきょうがばし"," Shakyogabashi (“bridge of sutra copying”)","西巌殿寺のすぐ左手には、「写経ケ橋（bridge of sutra copying）」と呼ばれる溶岩の道があります。","Just to the left of Saigandenji Temple is a lava-rock path known as the Shakyogabashi (“bridge of sutra copying”). "]
[10253,"熊本県","阿蘇カルデラツーリズム推進協議会（多言語解説整備部会）","郷土景観","オンダケサンマイリ","おんだけさんまいり","ondakesan-mairi","参詣者の多くは、「オンダケサンマイリ」と呼ばれる婚前の慣習のためにこの場所に詣でる若いカップルでした。","Many of the visitors were young couples, who would make a pilgrimage to the place in a pre-marriage practice called ondakesan-mairi."]
[10254,"熊本県","阿蘇カルデラツーリズム推進協議会（多言語解説整備部会）","神社・寺院・神仏等","火山信仰","かざんしんこう","Volcano Worship (Kazan Shinko)","火山信仰　　　※初回表示\n\nもともと日本の民間信仰の一部であった火山信仰は、神道と仏教の両方に取り入れられました。","Volcano Worship (Kazan Shinko)\n\nOriginally a part of Japanese folk belief, volcano worship was absorbed into both Shinto and Buddhism. "]
[10255,"熊本県","阿蘇カルデラツーリズム推進協議会（多言語解説整備部会）","史跡","古坊中","ふるぼうちゅう","Furubochu","古坊中は92の区画に分けられており、それらの区画には100平方メートルの小さなものから1,000平方メートルの大きなものまでありました。","The land occupied by the Furubochu was subdivided into 92 plots, some as small as 100 square meters, some as large as 1,000. "]
[10256,"熊本県","阿蘇カルデラツーリズム推進協議会（多言語解説整備部会）","人物・人名・役職名","最栄","さいえい","Saiei","西巌殿寺は、インドから来た最栄という僧によって726年に創建されたとされます。","Saigandenji Temple is said to have been founded in 726 by a monk from India named Saiei. "]
[10257,"熊本県","阿蘇カルデラツーリズム推進協議会（多言語解説整備部会）","集落・街","肥後国","ひごのくに","Higo Province","1588年、戦国武将・豊臣秀吉は、加藤清正（1562-1611）の島津氏討伐と九州平定における武功に報いるため、彼に肥後国（現在の熊本県）の支配権を与えました。","In 1588, warlord Toyotomi Hideyoshi awarded Kato Kiyomasa (1562–1611) control of Higo Province (modern-day Kumamoto Prefecture) to thank him for his help in defeating the Shimazu clan and pacifying Kyushu."]
[10258,"熊本県","阿蘇カルデラツーリズム推進協議会（多言語解説整備部会）","その他","恋人の聖地","こいびとのせいち","Lovers’ Sanctuary","このテーマの現代的なアプローチとして、西巌殿寺は2011年に公式の「恋人の聖地」（プロポーズにぴったりのロマンチックな場所という意味）の認定を受けました。","In a modern take on the same idea, the temple was designated an official “Lovers’ Sanctuary” (meaning a romantic spot perfect for proposing marriage) in 2011. "]
[10259,"大分県","竹田市多言語解説協議会（予定）","城跡・城郭・宮殿","鏡石","かがみいし","kagami-ishi","石垣の一部には「鏡石」と呼ばれる、権力の象徴であった巨大な平らな石が埋め込まれている。","Embedded in some of these walls are giant flattened stones called kagami-ishi (“mirror stones”), which were placed there as displays of power."]
[10260,"大分県","竹田市多言語解説協議会（予定）","城跡・城郭・宮殿","岡城跡","おかじょうあと","Oka Castle Ruins","岡城跡は、竹田市街を見下ろす小高い丘の上にある。","The Oka Castle Ruins site overlooks the city of Taketa from its location on a flattened hilltop.","※当事業では普段、城跡を「ruins」ではなく「site」と表現するが、岡城の場合は「ruins」が的確である。"]
[10261,"大分県","竹田市多言語解説協議会（予定）","工芸・美術","梵鐘","ぼんしょう","Buddhist bell","この方法は、日本で梵鐘を鋳造する際に伝統的に用いられてきた。","This method was traditionally used when casting Buddhist bells in Japan."]
[10262,"大分県","竹田市多言語解説協議会（予定）","工芸・美術","南画","なんが","Nanga","田能村竹田(1777-1835)は、詩・書・画の三位一体による南画を実践した画家である。","Tanomura Chikuden (1777–1835) was an influential artist who practiced the Nanga style of painting, in which works also feature a poem and calligraphy."]
[10263,"大分県","竹田市多言語解説協議会（予定）","工芸・美術","豊後南画","ぶんごなんが","Bungo Nanga","その結果、豊後国（現在の大分県）にちなんで「豊後南画」と呼ばれる独立した芸術運動が生まれた。","This eventually led to a separate artistic movement known as Bungo Nanga, named after Bungo Province (now Oita Prefecture)."]
[10264,"大分県","竹田市多言語解説協議会（予定）","工芸・美術","障子","しょうじ","shoji sliding panel","畳敷き、障子、伝統的な日本庭園に西洋の品々が展示され、明治時代（1868-1912）の生活を垣間見ることができる。","The house provides a glimpse into life during the Meiji era (1868–1912), with Western items displayed in traditional-style rooms with tatami flooring, shoji sliding panels, and a traditional Japanese garden."]
[10265,"大分県","竹田市多言語解説協議会（予定）","書物","犬のおまわりさん","いぬのおまわりさん","Inu no omawari-san (Dog Policeman)","代表作『犬のおまわりさん』は、迷子の子猫を救う毛むくじゃらの警察官の物語である。","During this phase of his life, he wrote his best-known work, a song titled Inu no omawari-san (Dog Policeman), which tells the story of a furry police officer who finds a lost kitten. "]
[10266,"大分県","竹田市多言語解説協議会（予定）","植物","かぼす","かぼす","kabosu","竹田市の特産品であるライムに似た柑橘類のかぼすを使った食品などだ。","These include food products made with kabosu, a citrus fruit that resembles a lime."]
[10267,"大分県","竹田市多言語解説協議会（予定）","建造物等","宝形造の屋根","ほうぎょうづくりのやね","tent roof","特徴的なのは、張り出した宝形造の屋根で、複雑に組み合わされた木片で支えられている。","Distinctive features include an overhanging tent roof, which is supported by an intricate construction of interlocking wooden brackets."]
[10268,"大分県","竹田市多言語解説協議会（予定）","神社・寺院・神仏等","邪鬼","じゃき","jaki","屋根の四隅には顔が彫られ、その縁は邪鬼と呼ばれる小さな鬼のような生き物の彫刻で支えられている。","Faces are carved into the pieces at the corners of the roof, the edges of which are held up by sculptures of small demon-like creatures called jaki."]
[10269,"大分県","竹田市多言語解説協議会（予定）","神社・寺院・神仏等","天女","てんにょ","tennyo","愛染堂の内壁は、死者を極楽浄土に導く天使のような「天女」など、仏教の天国を描いた壁画で飾られている。","The interior walls of Aizendo are decorated with murals depicting heavenly beings such as the tennyo, celestial figures that lead the dead to paradise."]
[10270,"大分県","竹田市多言語解説協議会（予定）","神社・寺院・神仏等","稲荷神","いなりしん","Inari deity","稲荷神は稲作に関連しており、豊作をもたらし、地域社会を守護すると信じられている。","The Inari deity is associated with rice cultivation and believed to ensure an abundant harvest and protect the local community."]
[10271,"大分県","竹田市多言語解説協議会（予定）","時代・歴史組織・団体","岡藩","おかはん","Oka domain","旧城下町の配置は、岡藩（現在の竹田市）の初代藩主であった中川秀成（1570-1612）が構想した当初の計画からほとんど変わっていない。","The layout of the former castle town is almost unchanged from the original plan imagined by Nakagawa Hideshige (1570–1612), the first lord of the Oka domain (modern-day Taketa)."]
[10272,"大分県","竹田市多言語解説協議会（予定）","工芸・美術","姫だるま","ひめだるま","Hime Daruma","この「姫だるま」は竹田独特のもので、町の文化の一部となっている。","These Hime Daruma dolls are unique to Taketa and have become a distinctive part of the city’s culture."]
[10273,"大分県","竹田市多言語解説協議会（予定）","神社・寺院・神仏等","愛染明王","あいぜんみょうおう","Aizen Myo-o","愛染堂の本尊である愛染明王は、恋愛、結婚、家庭円満を司ると信じられているため、このお堂は縁結びのスポットとして人気がある。","Aizendo is thought to be beneficial for matchmaking; the temple’s main deity, Aizen Myo-o, is believed to control love, marriage, and household harmony.","※英語の用例は愛染明王に対する信仰を説明する際に利用できる。"]
[10274,"大分県","竹田市多言語解説協議会（予定）","史跡","遺産登録建造物","いさんとうろくけんぞうぶつ","heritage-listed structure","例えば、浴場内の小さな滝は、竹田市中心部の郊外にある遺産登録建造物である白水ダムの形をしている。","For instance, a small waterfall in the baths is shaped like the Hakusui Dam, a heritage-listed structure located outside central Taketa.","※特定の指定・登録区分（例：重要文化財、登録有形文化財）を入れたくない場合、こちらの用語が便利。"]
[10275,"大分県","竹田市多言語解説協議会（予定）","山岳","くじゅう連山","くじゅうれんざん","Kuju mountain range","山頂からはくじゅう連山や祖母山、活火山である阿蘇山を望むことができる。","The Kuju mountain range, as well as Mt. Sobo and the active volcano Mt. Aso, are visible from the top of the site."]
[10276,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）屋久島国立公園多言語解説協議会（予定）","植物","垂直分布","すいちょくぶんぷ","vertical distribution","特筆に値する島の植生の垂直分布は、屋久島が1993年、日本初のユネスコ世界自然遺産登録されることに寄与しました。","The remarkable vertical distribution of plant life on the island contributed to Yakushima’s selection as Japan’s first UNESCO World Natural Heritage site in 1993."]
[10277,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）屋久島国立公園多言語解説協議会（予定）","神社・寺院・神仏等","祠","ほこら","small shrine (hokora)","花之江河湿原には点在する小さな祠は、山に参詣する住民にとってこの湿原を重要な岐路としている。","The small shrines (hokora) in Hananoego Marsh make it an important crossroads for local residents making pilgrimages to the mountains.","※「hokora」（ローマ字）の記載は場合によって不要。記載する場合は、斜体で表記。"]
[10278,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）屋久島国立公園多言語解説協議会（予定）","植物","縄文杉","じょうもんすぎ","Jomonsugi Cedar","荒川トレイルは、縄文杉に行く最も人気のあるルートである。","The Arakawa Trail is the most popular route to reach the Jomonsugi Cedar.","※固有名詞のため、頭文字を大文字にする。\n※マクロン（長音符号）が使われている場合は「Jomonsugi」の最初の「o」の上に横棒をつける。"]
[10279,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）屋久島国立公園多言語解説協議会（予定）","植物","屋久杉","やくすぎ","thousand-year-old Japanese cedar trees (yakusugi)","長さの異なる3つのトレイルを進んでいくと、清流を越え、針葉樹や広葉樹の原生林を抜け、樹齢千年の屋久杉を過ぎ、苔に覆われた別世界の風景へと至る。","Three trails of varying lengths take hikers across pristine streams, through old-growth conifer and broadleaf forests, past thousand-year-old Japanese cedar trees (yakusugi), and into the otherworldly Moss-Covered Forest.","※「yakusugi」は現状一般名詞ではないローマ字なので斜体で表記して、「thousand-year-old Japanese cedar trees」を説明として加える。説明は初回のみ記載する。"]
[10280,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）屋久島国立公園多言語解説協議会（予定）","植物","土埋木","どまいぼく","domaiboku","途中には、切り株更新（切り株から別の木が生え育つこと）や土埋木（伐採業者が伐ったまま廃棄した屋久杉の一部分）の例をいくつか見ることができる。","Along the way are several examples of stump regeneration (trees regrown from stumps) and of domaiboku (discarded sections of yakusugi trees left by loggers).","※「domaiboku」は現状一般名詞ではないローマ字なので斜体で表記して、「discarded sections of yakusugi trees left by loggers」を説明として加える。説明は初回のみ記載する。"]
[10281,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）屋久島国立公園多言語解説協議会（予定）","植物","白谷雲水峡","しらたにうんすいきょう","Shiratani Unsuikyo Ravine","白谷雲水峡から来る場合、辻峠を越えて100メートルほど行ったところには、大きな棚のような花崗岩の下の小さな洞窟、辻の岩屋がある。突然の暴風雨などの緊急時にはシェルターとして利用できる。","For hikers coming from Shiratani Unsuikyo Ravine, about 100 meters past Tsujitoge Pass is Tsujinoiwaya, a large, shelf-like slab of granite that creates a small cave beneath.","\n※マクロン（長音符号）が使われている場合は「Unsuikyo」の最初の「o」の上に横棒をつける。\n※固有名詞のため、頭文字を大文字にする。"]
[10282,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）屋久島国立公園多言語解説協議会（予定）","植物","着生植物","ちゃくせいしょくぶつ","epiphytes","縄文杉には、ツツジやシャクナゲ、シキミ、ナナカマド、他の杉の木など10種類以上の着生植物(岩肌や他の植物の上で育つ植物)が生育している。","The Jomonsugi Cedar is host to more than 10 species of epiphytes (plants that grow on rock surfaces or on other plants), including several varieties of rhododendron, Japanese star anise, Japanese rowan, and other cedars."]
[10283,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）屋久島国立公園多言語解説協議会（予定）","時代・歴史組織・団体","屋久島山岳部保全利用協議会","やくしまさんがくぶほぜんりようきょうぎかい","Yakushima Mountain Environmental Management Council","これらのトイレ設備の維持管理には多大な時間と労力を要するため、屋久島山岳部保全利用協議会では、ハイカーの皆様からいただいた寄付金をもとに、これらの重要なサービスを提供しています。","Maintaining all of these toilet facilities requires considerable time and labor, and the Yakushima Mountain Environmental Management Council uses money donated by hikers to fund these crucial services."]
[10284,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）屋久島国立公園多言語解説協議会（予定）","植物","年輪","ねんりん","growth rings","樹木はこのような状態でも生命活動を続けているものの、中央部の年輪の欠如のため研究者が正確な樹齢を割り出すことは困難である。","While the tree can continue living this way, the absence of inner growth rings makes it difficult for researchers to determine the tree’s exact age."]
[10285,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）屋久島国立公園多言語解説協議会（予定）","植物","皆伐","かいばつ","clear-cutting","しかし、やがて小杉谷の資源が尽き始めてしまった。しかしやがて、皆伐と、より高性能なチェーンソーの発明によって、谷の資源は枯渇し、この地域での伐採事業は終わりを告げた。","Eventually, however, clear-cutting and the invention of a more effective chainsaw led to the depletion of the valley’s resources and the end of logging in the area."]
[10286,"鹿児島県","（屋久島国立公園）屋久島国立公園多言語解説協議会（予定）","人物・人名・役職名","島津氏","しまづ","Shimadzu family","秀吉は九州地方での戦いで、屋久島を支配していた島津氏を征服した。","During his campaigns in the Kyushu region, Hideyoshi had subdued Yakushima’s ruling Shimadzu family.","※島津氏の子孫のご希望により、ローマ字表記は「Shimazu」ではなく「Shimadzu」とする。"]
[10287,"鹿児島県","伊仙町","芸能・興行・イベント","勢子","せこ","seko","日本の闘牛はスペインの闘牛とは異なり、勢子と呼ばれる「コーチ」に鼓舞されながら牛同士が戦います。","Unlike bullfighting in Spain, bull sumo pits the bulls against each other, spurred on by “coaches” known as seko. "]
[10288,"鹿児島県","伊仙町","テーマ施設等","ほーらい館","ほうらいかん","Horai-kan","ほーらい館は、地域住民の健康と福祉を促進すること、そしてコミュティの集いの場となることの二つの主な役割を担っています。","Horai-kan serves two main purposes: promoting the health and well-being of local residents, and providing them with a gathering space. "]
[10289,"鹿児島県","伊仙町","テーマ施設等","百菜","ひゃくさい","Hyakusai","百菜は地元の家庭にとっては便利な買い物スポットであり、また、徳之島を訪れる観光客にとっては島での時間を思い出に残すためのお土産を購入できるお店です。","Hyakusai serves as a convenient shopping destination for local families while also providing visitors with the opportunity to pick up souvenirs of their time on Tokunoshima."]
[10290,"鹿児島県","伊仙町","岩石・洞窟","メランジ堆積物","めらんじたいせきぶつ","Mélange deposits","メランジ堆積物は、硬さや大きさの異なる岩石の破片が、地殻プレートの衝突（通常海底付近で起こります）の際に押し潰されて融合し、それが長い年月をかけて地表に押し出されたものです。","Mélange deposits consist of fragments of rocks of varying hardness and size that were crushed and fused together during tectonic plate collisions—which typically occur near the seafloor—then pushed to the surface over the years."]
[10291,"鹿児島県","伊仙町","海岸・岬","犬田布岬","いぬたぶみさき","Cape Inutabu","徳之島の最西端に位置する犬田布岬では、島の西海岸の自然地形を一望できます。","Cape Inutabu, the westernmost spot on Tokunoshima Island, offers a sweeping view of the geological formation that dominates the western coast of the island. "]
[10292,"鹿児島県","伊仙町","海岸・岬","小原海岸","こばるかいがん","Kobaru Beach","このトレイルの起点は、少なくとも明治時代（1868-1912）から徳之島島民に愛されてきた小原海岸へと続く急な下り坂が始まる地点です。","This trailhead marks the starting point for the steep descent to Kobaru Beach, a favorite location for Tokunoshima islanders since at least the Meiji era (1868–1912). "]
[10293,"鹿児島県","伊仙町","岩石・洞窟","暗川","くらごう","Kurago","小島集落にある鍾乳洞・暗川の入り口は、このすぐ先の、岩肌にはめ込まれた金属製のゲートをくぐったところです。","The entrance to Kurago, a cave in Kojima village, is just ahead, through the metal gate set into the rock face. "]
[10294,"鹿児島県","伊仙町","建造物等","前里屋敷","まえざとやしき","Maezato Residence","1931年に建てられた前里屋敷は、集落のかつての威光の象徴です。この家は、その原型を可能な限り残しながら丁寧に修復され、現在は集いの場として利用されています。","Built in 1931, Maezato Residence is a symbol of the village’s historical prestige. It has been lovingly restored, preserving as much of its character as possible, and is now used as a social gathering place."]
[10295,"鹿児島県","伊仙町","河川・渓谷","鹿浦渓谷","しかうらけいこく","Shikaura Gorge","鹿浦渓谷の両側は、最も高いところで谷底から約100mもの高さにそびえています。","The sides of Shikaura Gorge rise some 100 meters above the valley floor at their highest point."]
[10296,"鹿児島県","伊仙町","人物・人名・役職名","泉芳朗","いずみほうろう","Izumi Horo","この記念像は、貧しい出自から身を起こし、徳之島や他の奄美諸島の歴史に大きな影響を与えた泉芳朗を追悼するものです。","This memorial statue overlooking the town of Isen pays tribute to Izumi Horo, who rose from humble beginnings to have a major impact on the history of Tokunoshima and the other Amami islands. "]
[10297,"鹿児島県","伊仙町","高原・湿原・原野","義名山の森","ぎなやまのもり","Ginayama Forest","義名山の森は、伐採や開墾によってその範囲が縮小する以前、かつて島のこの一帯を覆っていた森林の貴重な名残です。","Ginayama Forest stands as a remarkable remnant of the original rainforest that once blanketed this part of the island before widespread clearing and cultivation diminished its expanse. "]
[10298,"鹿児島県","伊仙町","岩石・洞窟","銀竜洞","ぎんりゅうどう","Ginryudo","検福集落にある洞窟・銀竜洞への入り口は、この道を進み、素朴な鳥居をくぐったすぐ先にあります。","The entrance to Ginryudo, a cave in Kenbuku village, is down the path just beyond the rustic torii gate. "]
[10299,"鹿児島県","伊仙町","神社・寺院・神仏等","新田神社","あらたじんじゃ","Arata Shrine","新田神社のご利益は、日本一の出生率を誇り\"子宝の島 \"と呼ばれる徳之島の人々の間で高く評価されています。","Arata Shrine’s powers are highly regarded among the people of Tokunoshima, which boasts the highest childbirth rate in Japan and has been called the “Island of Treasured Children.” "]
[10300,"鹿児島県","伊仙町","河川・渓谷","阿権渓谷","あごんけいこく","Agon Valley","1960年代から70年代にかけて建設されたこの水道橋の公式の目的は、阿権渓谷を経由して近隣の集落に真水を運ぶことでした。","Built in the 1960s and 70s, its official purpose was to transport fresh water down the Agon Valley to neighboring villages."]
[10301,"鹿児島県","伊仙町","高原・湿原・原野","明眼の森","みょうがんのもり","Myogan Forest","しかし、明眼の森は、長年にわたる霊場としての歴史のおかげで、希少な自然の状態を保ってきました。","Myogan Forest, however, has remained in a rare natural state thanks to its long history as a spiritual site. "]
[10302,"鹿児島県","伊仙町","人物・人名・役職名","泉重千代","いずみしげちよ","Izumi Shigechiyo","この銅像は、かつてここに住んでいた伊仙出身の著名人、泉重千代を追悼するものです。","This bronze statue pays tribute to Izumi Shigechiyo, a notable Isen native who once lived here. "]
[10303,"鹿児島県","伊仙町","山岳","犬田布岳","いぬたぶだけ","Mt. Inutabudake","ここは、 伊仙町内で最も高い山である犬田布岳（417m）の山頂を通るルートの起点です。","This is the trailhead for the route that crosses the peak of Mt. Inutabudake (417 m), the highest mountain in Isen township. "]
[10304,"鹿児島県","伊仙町","庭園・公園","瀬田海海浜公園","せたかいひんこうえん","Seta Seaside Park","瀬田海海浜公園へようこそ。この場所はかつて、鹿浦港が開港するまで島々や島内を行き来する船が発着する港でした。","Welcome to Seta Seaside Park. This location was once a port for seagoing ships that plied the inter-island waters until the opening of Shikaura Port. "]
[10305,"鹿児島県","伊仙町","岩石・洞窟","枕状溶岩","まくらじょうようがん","Pillow Lava","ここの道路沿いに露出している深緑色の岩石は、約1億年前にできた枕状溶岩です。","The dark green rocks along the road here are pillow lava formations, formed about 100 million years ago."]
[10306,"鹿児島県","伊仙町","海岸・岬","喜念浜","きねんばま","Kinenbama Beach","島の太平洋側沿岸に広がる岩礁とエメラルド色の海に面したこの広くてひっそりとした白砂の海岸は、徳之島で最も美しいビーチの一つと考えられています。","Kinenbama Beach\nThis wide, secluded white-sand beach facing the broad reef and emerald waters of the island’s Pacific coast is considered one of the most beautiful beaches on Tokunoshima. \n"]